状语从句—语法知识梳理+专项集训及解析【中考英语 冀教版】

状语从句
—语法知识梳理 专项集训及解析【中考英语 冀教版】
知识梳理
一、状语从句概述
由从句担任的状语，在句子中可修饰谓语（或其他动词）、形容词、副词或是整个句子，它可以用来表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等。
二、状语从句的位置
由从属连词引导的部分为从句。当状语从句在主句之前时，要用逗号与主句隔开；当状语从句在主句末尾，一般不用符号间隔。
三、状语从句分类讲解
（一）时间状语从句
1. 表示时间的状语从句可由when， as， while， whenever， after， before， till(until)， since， once， as soon as 等引导。
（1）When I came into the office, the teachers were having a meeting.
（2）He started as soon as he received the news.
（3）Once you see him, you will never forget him.
2. 在时间状语从句里，通常不用将来时态，用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。
（1）I’ll ring you up as soon as I get to New York.
（2）I will tell him everything when he comes back.
（3）He won’t believe it until he sees it with his own eyes.
3. 易错辨析
（1）比较while, when, as
① as, when 引导短暂性动作的动词。
Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me.
② 当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前，只能用when 引导这个从句，不可用as 或 while。
When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.
③ 从句表示“随时间推移”连词能用as，不用when 或while。
As the day went on, the weather got worse.
④ When: 表示时间点，还可以表原因“既然”；还可以翻译成“突然”。
⑤ While: 表示时间段，还可以用来表示对比“而”；while位于句首“尽管”引导让步状语从句。
（2）until 和not …until的区别
① until句子翻译成“动作直到…时候才结束”；与延续性动词连用
I slept until 12 o’clock.
② not…until句子要翻译成“动作直到…时候才开始”；与非延续性动词连用
We didn’t get down to working until Mr. Zhang came in.
（二）地点状语从句
表示主句动作发生的地点，引导地点状语从句的连词是where 和wherever等。
Sit wherever you like.
Make a mark where you have a question.
（三）原因状语从句
1. 表示原因或理由的，引导原因状语从句的连词是because， since， as ， now that（既然）等。
He is disappointed because he didn't get the position.
Now that you mention it, I do remember.
2. 比较：because, since, as和for
（1）语气强弱：because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或 since。
I didn't go, because I was afraid.
Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.
（2）由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗号，则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for。
He is absent today, because / for he is ill.　
He must be ill, for he is absent today.
（3）because和so不能同用在一个句子里。
（四）结果状语从句
1. 表示事态结果的从句，通常主句是原因，从句是结果。由so that（从句谓语一般没有情态动词）， so …… that， such …… that等引导。
She was ill, so that she didn't attend the meeting.
She is such a good teacher that everyone admires her.
2. 比较：so和 such：其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。
（1） such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组
（2） so 是副词，修饰形容词或副词；与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little连用，形成固定搭配。
so foolish　　 such a fool
so nice a flower　　　　 such a nice flower
so many / few flowers　 such nice flowers
so much / little money such rapid progress
so many people　　　 such a lot of people
（ so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 虽相当于 many，但 a lot of 为名词性的，只能用such搭配。）
（五）条件状语从句
1. 表示假定主句某事发生的条件，主要的引导连词有if， unless， so / as long as， on condition that， so / as far as， if only (= if )。注意：条件从句中的if 不能用whether替换。
2. 在条件状语从句里，谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态（主将从现，但主句也可祈使句或者情态动词句型，从句依旧是一般现在时）。
I’ll help you with your English if am free tomorrow.
He won’t be late unless he is ill.
3. “祈使句 and(or) + 陈述句” 在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。
Hurry up, or you’ll be late. = If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late.
Study hard and you will pass the exam. = If you study hard, you will pass the exam.
（六）方式状语从句
强调做主句事情的依据或方式，常由as， as if (though)， the way， rather than等引导。
You must do the exercise as I show you.
He acted as if nothing had happened.
（七） 让步状语从句
1. 从句与主句相反的条件或情况，但从句所表示的这些不利因素并不能阻止主句动作的发生，连接词although, though, as, even if (though), whatever, whether…or, no matter who (when, what, …) 等。
Though he is a child, he knows a lot.
Whatever ( = No matter what ) you say, I’ll never change my mind.
2. 引导词用法解析
（1） ever if, even though.　即使
We'll make a trip even though the weather is bad.
（2） whether…or…　 不管……都
Whether you believe it or not, it is true.
（3）“no matter + 疑问词”=“疑问词 + 后缀ever”
No matter what happened, he would not mind.
= Whatever happened, he would not mind.
替换：
no matter what = whatever no matter who = whoever
no matter when = whenever no matter where = wherever
no matter which = whichever no matter how = however
3. 比较though, although
though, although后面的从句不能有but；但是 though 和yet, still （仍然，不过）可连用
Although it's raining, they are still working in the field.
He is very old, but he still works very hard.
（八）比较状语从句
引导主从句之间的比较关系，常用than， so / as … as， the more …… the more等引导。
I have made a lot more mistakes than you have.
He smokes cigarettes as expensive as he can afford.
The busier he is, the happier he feels.
（九）目的状语从句
1. 表示主句动作的目的所在，常用引导连词有so， so that（从句谓语常有情态动词）， in order that， in case（以防，以免）等。
Speak clearly, so that they may understand you.
She has bought the book in order that she could follow the TV lessons.
He left early in case he should miss the train.
2. so that 既可引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句。
（1）目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词can, could, may, might 等。
（2）从意思上看，目的状语从句往往表示的目的很明确。
Speak clearly so that they may understand you. （目的状语从句）
Jack is badly ill so that he has to rest. （结果状语从句）
专项集训
一、单项选择
1．Miss Lin is popular with her students ________ she has little experience in teaching.
A．although B．until C．if D．because
2．You _________ do more exercise _________ you want to be stronger.
A．had better; if B．had better; unless
C．had better not; if D．had better not; unless
3．While everyone _________ at the comics page, I picked up a copy to see what was so funny.
A．is laughing B．laugh C．laughs D．was laughing
4．Many students didn’t realize the importance of study ________ they left school.
A．until B．after C．when D．if
5．_______ there are many challenges to face, we won’t give up sending astronauts to the Mars.
A．When B．Once C．Although D．Because
6．—I met Jack this morning. I thought he was still in Beijing.
—Me, too. I didn’t know he came back __________ he called me just now.
A．if B．until C．unless D．when
7．— Do you know when Tom will come back tomorrow
— Sorry, I don’t know. If he __________ back, I’ll tell you.
A．comes B．come C．will come D．may come
8．—Mom, shall we have dinner now
—Oh, we won’t have dinner ________ your dad comes back.
A．until B．since C．while
9．I’m sure that you will succeed one day ________ you don’t give up easily.
A．unless B．or C．but D．if
10．—I think Paul is ________ a careful person that he seldom makes mistakes.
—But this time he did. He was ________ nervous that he made a tiny mistake.
A．so; such B．very; too C．quite; very D．such; so
二、单词拼写
11．Nothing is difficult you put your heart into it. (只要)
12．You can’t catch the train you take a taxi.
13． (虽然) Zhang Guimei was seriously ill, she would never give up her students.
14．We ran home the class was over. (一……就……)
15． (尽管) Sue got good grades, she still works hard.
16．A the little boy is only five years old, he can sing many English songs.
17．A they are twin sisters, they are different from each other in many ways.
18．I always watch TV (在……之前) I go to bed.
19．I won’t go to the picnic u I get your invitation.
20．Jack didn’t go to bed u he finished his homework.
三、完成句子
21．要是我们现在不采取措施，这些动物很快就会灭绝了。
we take action right now, the animals will die out very soon.
22．这场表演非常精彩。因此，表演后整个大厅掌声四起。
The show was wonderful that the hall applause after the performance.
23．苏翊鸣的努力让他获得了很多成就。我们青少年应该向他学习。
Su Yiming is hard-working he has got many achievements. We teenagers should learn from him.
24．世上无难事，只怕有心人。
Nothing is difficult put your heart into it.
25．假如你喜欢阅读，你可以在图书馆看书。
you like reading, you read books in the library.
26．My mother finished the housework. She went to sleep. (合并为一句).
My mother go to sleep she finished the housework.
27．I am going to speak more English. I will improve my spoken English. （合并为一句）
I more English, I will improve my spoken English.
28．我爸爸太累了，以至于坐在沙发上睡着了。
My father is tired he falls asleep sitting on the sofa.
29．过去她即使再忙也会坚持读书。
She kept on reading books she was busy in the past.
30．need, if, me, you, let, know, any help
.
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参考答案：
1．A
【详解】句意：林老师虽然没有什么教学经验，但她很受学生的欢迎。
考查连词辨析。although尽管，虽然；until直到；if如果；because因为。根据“Miss Lin is popular with her students...she has little experience in teaching.”可知，此处指她虽然没什么经验，但是受学生的欢迎，应用although引导让步状语从句。故选A。
2．A
【详解】句意：如果你想变得更强壮，你最好多做运动。
考查had better和连词if的用法。had better do sth最好做某事；had better not do sth最好不做某事；if如果；unless除非。根据“You...do more exercise...you want to be stronger.”可知，如果你想变得更强壮，你最好多做运动。故选A。
3．D
【详解】句意：当每个人都在嘲笑漫画页面时，我拿起一本看看有什么好笑的。
考查动词时态。laugh at嘲笑，本句是while引导的时间状语从句，强调从句动作正在进行时，主句的动作发生了，结合“I picked up a copy to see what was so funny.”可知，从句时态用过去进行时，结构为was/were doing，主语everyone作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，因此be动词用was，故选D。
4．A
【详解】句意：许多学生直到离开学校才意识到学习的重要性。
考查从属连词辨析。until直到；after在……之后；when当……时；if如果。根据“didn’t realize the importance of study”可知此处应用not…until引导时间状语从句。故选A。
5．C
【详解】句意：尽管有许多挑战要面对，但我们不会放弃把宇航员送上火星。
考查连词辨析。When当……时候；Once一……就……；Although尽管；Because因为。根据“... there are many challenges to face, we won’t give up sending astronauts to the Mars.”可知，尽管有很多挑战要面对，但我们不会放弃送宇航员去火星，用Although引导让步状语从句。故选C。
6．B
【详解】句意：——今天早上我见到了杰克。我以为他还在北京。——我也是。直到他刚才打电话给我，我才知道他回来了。
考查连词辨析。if如果；until直到；unless除非；when当……时。根据“I didn’t know he came back ... he called me just now.”可知，直到他给“我”打电话“我”才知道他回来了，not...until“直到……才”。故选B。
7．A
【详解】句意：——你知道汤姆明天什么时候回来吗？——对不起，我不知道。如果他回来，我会告诉你的。
考查时态。come“来”，if引导的条件状语从句，用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时，主语he是第三人称单数，谓语用第三人称单数形式，故选A。
8．A
【详解】句意：——妈妈，我们现在吃晚饭好吗？——哦，直到你爸爸回来我们才吃晚饭。
考查连词辨析。until直到；since自从；while在……期间。根据“Oh, we won’t have it...your dad comes back.”可知，此处表示直到爸爸回来才吃饭，not...until表示“直到……才”，until引导时间状语从句。故选A。
9．D
【详解】句意：我相信如果你不轻易放弃，总有一天你会成功的。
考查连词辨析。unless除非，如果不；or否则；but但是；if如果。“you don’t give up easily”是“you will succeed one day”的条件，应用if“如果”引导条件状语从句。故选D。
10．D
【详解】句意：——我认为保罗是一个非常细心的人，他很少犯错误。 ——但这次他犯错了。他太紧张了，以致犯了一个小错误。
考查副词词义辨析和固定句型。so那么，修饰形容词或副词；such那么，修饰形容词和名词构成的名词短语；very很，修饰形容词或副词，置于不定冠词a或an后面；too太，修饰形容词或副词；quite非常，修饰形容词或副词，置于不定冠词a或an前面；such/so...that...如此……以至于……。第一空“a careful person”为形容词和名词构成的名词短语，且由句中“that he seldom makes mistakes”可知，此处用such....that...，表示保罗是如此细心的一个人，以至于很少犯错误；第二空“nervous”为形容词，且由“that he made a tiny mistake”可知，此句是说他如此紧张，以至于犯了一个小错误，应用so...that...。故选D。
11．as long as
【详解】句意：世上无难事，只怕有心人。“只要”对应的英文为as long as。故填as long as。
12．unless
【详解】句意：除非乘坐出租车，否则你无法赶上火车。根据“You can’t catch the train”可知，你赶不上火车了，除非你乘坐出租车，unless引导条件状语从句。故填unless。
13．Although/Though
【详解】句意：虽然张桂梅病得很重，但她永远不会放弃她的学生。根据汉语提示可知，空处应填although/though，引导让步状语从句，句首字母大写。故填Although/Though。
14．as soon as
【详解】句意：我们一下课就跑回家了。根据汉语提示，应填as soon as“一……就……”，引导时间状语从句。故填as soon as。
15．Although/Though
【详解】句意：尽管Sue的成绩很好，但她仍然非常努力学习。although/though“尽管”，引导让步状语从句，位于句首，首字母要大写。故填Although/Though。
16．(A)lthough
【详解】句意：虽然这个小男孩只有五岁，但他会唱很多英文歌。根据“the little boy is only five years old, he can sing many English songs.”可知，前后句是转折让步关系，应用although引导让步状语从句，故填(A)lthough。
17．(A)lthough
【详解】句意：虽然她们是双胞胎姐妹，但在很多方面都不同。分析前后两句可知，前后是让步关系，用although引导让步状语从句。故填(A)lthough。
18．before
【详解】句意：我经常在上床睡觉之前看电视。before“……之前”，连词，引导时间状语从句。故填before。
19．(u)nless
【详解】句意：除非得到你的邀请，否则我不会去野餐。根据“I won’t go to the picnic”和“I get your invitation”之间的逻辑关系，结合首字母提示，可知此句是unless引导的条件状语从句，unless意为“除非”。故填(u)nless。
20．(u)ntil
【详解】句意：Jack直到完成他的作业才上床睡觉。根据“he finished his homework”和“Jack didn’t go to bed”并结合首字母可知not...until“直到……才”符合语境，故填(u)ntil。
21． If don’t
【详解】根据中英文对照分析，空处用if ... not“要是不”，if引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，因此从句用一般现在时，主语是we，句中有实义动词take，否定需借助助动词don’t。故填If；don’t。
22． so was full/filled of/with
【详解】根据题干可知，该句是由so... that“如此……以致于”引导的结果状语从句；be full of/be filled with表示“充满”，时态为一般过去时，主语是三单，be动词应用was。故填so；was；full/filled；of/with。
23． so that
【详解】根据中英文句子可知空处填so...that...“如此……以至于……”，故答案为so；that。
24． if you
【详解】根据中英文对照分析，本句用if引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”，由“your”可知，从句中用you作主语。故填if；you。
25． If can
【详解】结合中英文，if“如果”，句首首字母大写；can“可以”。故填If；can。
26． didn’t until
【详解】句意：我妈妈完成了家务。她去睡觉了。即“我妈妈直到做完家务才去睡觉”，not ... until表示“直到……才”，引导时间状语从句；时态为一般过去时，故助动词用did，否定为didn’t。故填didn’t；until。
27． If speak
【详解】句意：我要多说英语。我将提高我的英语口语。根据题意可知，可以把这句话改成if引导的条件状语从句，即“如果我多说英语，我将提高我的英语口语”。所以第一个空填if，首字母要大写。if引导的条件状语从句遵循“主将从现”的原则，所以从句用一般现在时，主语I为第一人称，所以第二个空用动词原形speak。故填If；speak。
28． so that
【详解】根据中英文对照可知，根据“My father is...tired...he falls asleep”可知，指的是爸爸如此累，以至于睡着，so...that...“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。故填so；that。
29． even if/though
【详解】分析句子，可知设空处为“即使”，even if/even though“即使”符合题意，引导让步状语从句。故填even；if/though。
30．Let me know if you need any help / If you need any help, let me know
【详解】根据句末标点可知是陈述句，为if引导的条件状语从句，you做从句主语，need作谓语，any help作宾语，let引导祈使句为主句，me作主句中的宾语，know作宾语补足语。故填Let me know if you need any help/If you need any help, let me know“如果你需要任何的帮助，让我知道”。
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