宾语从句—语法知识梳理+专项集训及解析【中考英语 冀教版】

宾语从句
—语法知识梳理 专项集训及解析【中考英语 冀教版】
知识梳理
宾语从句的连接词
①that引导的宾语从句
陈述句（肯定或否定）作宾语从句，由连词that引导。因为that在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略。
The sun rises in the east. We all know.
→ We all know that the sun rises in the east.
②if或whether引导的宾语从句
一般疑问句作宾语从句，由连词whether或if引导，因为if/whether在句中翻译成“是否”，具有一定的意义，所以不能省略，且宾语从句要用陈述句语序。
Will he come back tomorrow？ Do you know？
→ Do you know if / whether he will come back tomorrow？
后接if/whether的常见词有：want to know/wonder/doubt/I’m not sure。
③wh-疑问词引导的宾语从句
特殊疑问句作宾语从句由疑问代词who、whom、whose、what、which等或疑问副词when、where、how、why等引导，
Which sweater should Tom buy？ Tom can't decide.
→ Tom can't decide which sweater he should buy.
宾语从句的时态
①如果主句是现在时态（包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时），从句的时态根据实际情况而定。
eg:She knows (that) her parents will arrive in Nanjing tomorrow.
I know (that) he lived here five years ago.
We have heard (that) she practises dancing every day.
I am looking for where my purse is.
②如果主句是过去时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时），那么从句要用相应的过去的具体状态。时态变化的规律如下表：
一般现在时 一般过去时
现在进行时 过去进行时
现在完成时 过去完成时
一般过去时 过去完成时
过去完成时 过去完成时（不变）
一般将来时 过去将来时
eg:I didn’t know (that) he would come.
Miss Li told us (that) she had seen the film.
I saw (that) she was talking with her mother.
【注意】
1、如果从句说明的是客观真理或科学事实时，不管主句是何种时态，都用一般现在时。
The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun.
2、当主句是Could you / Would you …表示婉转的语气，从句的时态无需受主句的影响发生变化。
Could you tell me if it is going to rain tomorrow
宾语从句的语序
如果what’s wrong / what’s the matter在句中充当宾语从句，语序不变。如果疑问词what或who在从句中作主语，其引导的句子作宾语从句时语序也不变。
e.g. I want to know what’s wrong with you.
She doesn’t know what’s the matter with him.
Jack didn’t know what happened.
I want to know what’s on the desk.
专项集训
一、单项选择
1．—Can you guess ________ the new Nike sports shoes
—Yes, maybe he asked his grandpa to pay for them, I think.
A．how he paid for B．where did he buy C．when he paid for
2．This famous saying “When I walk along with two others, they may serve me as my teachers.” tells us ________.
A．whom we can teach
B．that we can learn from different persons
C．what we said in public
3．I’m not sure ________ Sally will come or not.
A．weather B．if C．that D．whether
4．I don’t know if she ________ next month. If she ________, let me know.
A．will come; comes B．will come; will come C．comes; will come D．comes; comes
5．—What do you think of Mike’s idea
—I don’t know. I’m not sure ________ it is a good idea.
A．whether B．when C．why D．how
6．I believe _____________ the Spring Festival will be fun.
A．that B．how C．whether D．if
7．—Could you please tell me ________ when they meet for the first time in France
—They usually shake hands.
A．how people usually do B．what people usually do
C．how do people usually do D．what do people usually do
8．—Do you know ________
—To call on people to protect the environment.
A．why we celebrate World Environment Day B．why do we celebrate World Environment Day
C．when we celebrate World Environment Day D．when do we celebrate World Environment Day
9．—Could you please tell me ________ last Friday
—The National Museum of China.
A．where did you visit B．where you visited C．where will you visit D．where you will visit
10．—Excuse me. Could you tell me ________
—At Xinhua Bookstore on Beijing Road of Kaili.
A．where did you buy the magazine B．why you bought the magazine C．where you bought the magazine
二、完成句子
11．what, did, today, we, guess
!
12．thinks, she, interesting, the movie, is
.
13．警察提醒我们要远离网络诈骗。
The police remind us we should online fraud.
14．you, me, could, please, tell, how, to, the cinema, get to

15．一天，他问杰瑞是否能够帮他一起搬动一块大石头。
One day he asked Jerry to move a big stone together.
16．I, he, think, don’t, is, right,
.
17．My geography teacher told us. The light travels faster than the sound. (改为含宾语从句的复合句)
My geography told us the light faster than the sound.
18．I believe the internet becomes important. (改为否定句)
I the internet becomes important.
19．I think money is less important than health. (改为同义句)
I think money is important than health.
20．The host asked the astronauts, “Can you pilot the spaceship alone ” (改为间接引语)
The host asked the astronauts could pilot the spaceship alone.
三、单词拼写
21．—Could you tell me I can buy some fresh fruit and vegetables
—Sure. There is a supermarket down the street.
22．—I wonder we should go next.
—You should try that new ride over there.
23．When facing challenges, be confident and stop wondering （是否） you can succeed or not.
24．I am not sure (谁的) book it is, so I put it in the lost and found.
25．Could you please tell me (谁的) handbag this is
26．I’ve decided to go to London next weekend. I’m wondering i you can go with me.
27．—I don’t remember the plane will reach Beijing. Could you look it up for me
—At about eight o’clock, sir.
28．—Do you know the man with glasses is
—I’m not sure, maybe a reporter.
29．—I don’t know I can get to the museum tomorrow.
—How about riding there
30．Jim didn’t tell us he lived, so I have to call him for his address.
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参考答案：
1．A
【详解】句意：——你能猜出他是怎么买这双新的耐克运动鞋的吗？——是的，我想也许他让他爷爷付了钱。
考查宾语从句。根据“Can you guess”可知，此处为宾语从句，要用陈述语序，结合答语“maybe he asked his grandpa to pay for them”可知，上句询问的是方式，应用how“如何”引导宾语从句。故选A。
2．B
【详解】句意：“三人行，必有我师焉。”这句名言告诉我们可以向不同的人学习。
考查宾语从句。根据“When I walk along with two others, they may serve me as my teachers.”可知，此句意为“三人行，必有我师焉。”即我们要向别人学习。故选B。
3．D
【详解】句意：我不确定Sally是否会来。
考查whether...or not引导的宾语从句。weather天气；if是否，如果；that无实际意义；whether是否。根据“...Sally will come or not”可知，指的是Sally是否会来，whether...or not表示“是否”，whether通常与or not连用。故选D。
4．A
【详解】句意：我不知道她下个月会不会来。如果她来的话，让我知道。
考查宾语从句和条件状语从句。根据“I don’t know if”可知if引导宾语从句，主语为一般现在时，根据“next month”可知从句应用一般将来时，即第一空应用will come；if引导条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，从句采用一般现在时，则第二空应用comes。故选A。
5．A
【详解】句意：——你觉得迈克的主意怎么样？——我不知道。我不确定它是不是个好主意。
考查宾语从句的引导词。whether是否；when什么时候；why为什么；how如何。根据“I’m not sure...it is a good idea.”可知，应是不确定是否是个好主意，用whether引导宾从句，故选A。
6．A
【详解】句意：我相信春节会很有趣。
考查宾语从句的引导词。that引导宾语从句时无意义；how怎样；whether/if是否。分析题干可知，空格处是宾语从句的引导词，从句不缺成分，且引导词无意义，只起连接作用，故选A。
7．B
【详解】句意：——你能告诉我人们在法国第一次见面时通常做什么吗？ ——他们通常握手。
考查宾语从句。分析题干可知，句子是宾语从句，要用陈述语序，排除选项C和D；根据“They usually shake hands”可知上文询问第一次见面做什么，用what引导宾语从句。故选B。
8．A
【详解】句意：——你知道我们为什么要庆祝世界环境日吗？——为了号召人们保护环境。
考查宾语从句。根据“To call on people to protect the environment.”可知，问句是问目的，即为什么，由why引导；在疑问句中，宾语从句应使用陈述句语序。故选A。
9．B
【详解】句意 ：——能请你告诉我上周五你到哪里参观吗？——中国国家博物馆。
考查宾语从句。分析“Could you please tell me...last Friday ”可知，空格处是宾语从句，从句应采用陈述语序，根据“last Friday”可知，时态是一般过去时，故选B。
10．C
【详解】句意：——打扰一下，你能告诉我你在哪里买的杂志吗？——在凯里北京路的新华书店。
考查宾语从句。分析根据“Could you tell me... ”可知，空格处是宾语从句；结合答语“At Xinhua Bookstore on Beijing Road of Kaili.”可知，问句提问地点，应用where引导宾语从句，且宾语从句要采用陈述语序，故选C。
11．Guess what we did today
【详解】根据标点和提示词可知，句子为含有疑问词“what”的祈使句，动词guess位于句首，后接what引导的宾语从句，从句主语为we，谓语did，时间状语today，从句用陈述句语序。故填Guess what we did today“猜猜我们今天做了什么”。
12．She thinks the movie is interesting
【详解】根据所给词和标点可知，此句是宾语从句，she作主语；thinks作谓语，后接从句，the movie作从句主语，is作从句系动词，interesting作从句表语。故填She thinks the movie is interesting“她认为电影很有趣”。
13． that stay away from
【详解】remind后接that引导的宾语从句；stay away from“远离”，情态动词should后跟动词原形。故填that；stay；away；from。
14．Could you please tell me how to get to the cinema
【详解】根据所给单词及标点，可判断该句是宾语从句，且为疑问句， Could you please tell me“你能告诉我”，作为主句；从句为how to get to“如何到达”；the cinema“电影院”。故填Could you please tell me how to get to the cinema“你能告诉我去电影院怎么走吗”。
15． if/whether he could help
【详解】结合中英文，时态为过去时，所缺表达为：是否他能帮忙；if/whether“是否”，he“他”；could“能”，情态动词后接动词help“帮忙”原形。故填if/whether；he；could；help。
16．I don’t think he is right
【详解】根据所给单词及标点，判断该句是省略了that的宾语从句。主句中I作主语；don’t为助动词；think为实义动词作谓语；从句中he作主语；is为系动词；right作表语；don’t think+宾语从句是一个否定前移句。故填I don’t think he is right“我认为他不对”。
17． that travels
【详解】句意：我的地理老师告诉我们。光比声音传播得快。“The light travels faster than the sound”是陈述句，用that引导宾语从句，表示光的速度比声音快，是客观事实，因此宾语从句用一般现在时，故填that；travels。
18． don’t believe
【详解】句意：我认为网络变得很重要。believe后接宾语从句，改为否定句时，需将否定转移到主句部分，主句采用一般现在时，believe为实义动词，主语为I，构成否定需借助助动词do后加not缩写成don’t，后接动词原形。故填don’t；believe。
19． don’t more
【详解】句意：我认为金钱不如健康重要。其另一种表达为：我不认为金钱比健康更重要。don’t think “不认为”；more important than... “比……更重要”。故填don’t；more。
20．if they/whether they
【详解】句意：主持人问宇航员，“你们能独自驾驶宇宙飞船吗？”改为间接引语，即“主持人问宇航员他们能否独自驾驶宇宙飞船”；if/whether“是否”，引导宾语从句；再根据“the astronauts”可知，代词用they，在宾语从句中作主语。故填if/whether they。
21．where
【详解】句意：——你能告诉我在哪里可以买到一些新鲜的水果和蔬菜吗？——当然。街上有一家超市。该句为宾语从句，缺少引导词，根据“There is a supermarket down the street.”可知，是询问地点，引导词应用where。故填where。
22．where
【详解】句意：——我想知道我们接下来应该去哪里。——你应该尝试下那儿新的游乐设施。根据“we should go next”可知，想知道接下来去哪里，where引导宾语从句。故填where。
23．whether
【详解】句意：面对挑战时，要自信，不要再怀疑自己能不能成功。whether“是否”，whether...or not“是否……”，为固定搭配。故填whether。
24．whose
【详解】句意：我不确定这是谁的书，所以我把它放在失物招领处了。根据“book it is”和所给中文可知，“谁的”whose。故填whose。
25．whose
【详解】句意：你能告诉我这是谁的手提包吗？whose“谁的”，引导宾语从句，在此处作定语修饰名词handbag。故填whose。
26．(i)f
【详解】句意：我决定下周末去伦敦。我想知道你是否能和我一起去。根据“I’m wondering i...you can go with me.”可知，这里是宾语从句，应用if“是否”引导。故填(i)f。
27．when
【详解】句意：——我不记得飞机什么时候到达北京。你能帮我查一下吗？——大约8点钟，先生。根据“At about eight o’clock, sir.”可知，问对方时间，应用when引导宾语从句，故填when。
28．what
【详解】句意：——你知道戴眼镜的那个人是做什么的吗？——我不确定，可能是一位记者。根据“I’m not sure, maybe a reporter.”可知询问职业，用what提问。故填what。
29．how
【详解】句意：——我不知道明天我要怎样去博物馆。——骑车去怎么样？分析句子成分可知，空格处是宾语从句的引导词，根据“How about riding there ”可知，“我”不知道通过什么交通方式去，因此空格处填how，表示“怎样”。故填how。
30．where
【详解】句意：吉姆没有告诉我们他住在哪里，因此我不得不打电话给他询问他的地址。分析句子成分可知，空格处是宾语从句的引导词，结合“so I have to call him for his address”可知，前半句意为“吉姆没有告诉我们他住在哪里”，因此空格处填where，引导宾语从句。故填where。
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