中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
提升训练三 ：U5-U6
知识点讲解
知识点1
1. 动词的分类
1） 实义动词：
① 英语的实义动词可分为及物动词和不及动词两大类。
② 有些动词通常只作不及物动词。如：go, come, happen, listen, live等。
有些动词通常用作及物动词。如：say, find, buy, do等。
③ 大多数动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。如：study, sing等。
2）系动词：
系动词用来连接________ 语和_________ 语,系动词后面常为________词或______词。
常见的系动词有：
be
look, sound, taste, smell, feel
become, get, go, turn, grow
keep, stay, remain
如sound v.听起来 That sounds great! 主语+系动词+表语
3）助动词：
①常见的助动词有:用于进行时和被动语态的be (am, is, are ,was, were) ; 用于完成时的have(has, had) ; 用于将来时的will (would)和用于一般时的do(does, did) .
②助动词必须同主语的人称和数一致,也就是说因主语人称、数的不同而采用不同的形式。
情态动词：
2. 形容词
用来说明或修饰名词或代词的词。
1. 形容词在句子中的作用及位置：
1）作定语，放在名词前，不定代词之后
如：He is a good student. Something serious has happened.
2) 作表语，放在系动词之后
如：The music sounds beautiful.
3) 作宾补，放在宾语之后，常与make, leave, keep等动词连用。
如：We must try our best to keep the environment clean.
3. 副词
用来说明事情发生的时间，地点，原因，方式及含义或说明其它形容词或副词程度的词，主要用于修饰形容词，副词，动词或整个句子
1. 副词的分类：副词可分为时间，频度，程度，地点，方式，疑问，连接和关系等。
时间副词：now, then, today, yesterday, tomorrow, soon, before, after, ago, already,
yet, late, early等
频度副词：once, twice, always, usually, often, sometimes, never, seldom等
程度副词：very, quite, so, too, much, a little等
地点副词：here, there, home, inside, outside, near, in, away, off, near等
方式副词：quickly, slowly, happily, sadly, loudly, suddenly, fast等
疑问副词：when, where, why, how, how long/ often/ far等
4. 名词
定义：表示人或物名称的词
名词分类 名词分为专有名词和普通名词，普通名词有_________数和_______数。可数名词分为个体名词和集体名词，不可数名词分为物质名词和抽象名词。
专有名词：如 China, the Great Wall, Lucy, Monday, February, the Children’s Day等
个体名词：如 book, bike, dog, pencil等
集体名词：如 class(班级/学生)，group（组/组员），police(警察统称/好多警察)，family(家庭/家庭成员)，team(队/队员)
物质名词：如 water, paper, wood, rice等
抽象名词：如 danger, health, homework, love, news，advice, information, weather等
名词需注意可数名词的数
知识点2
句子按照用途可以分为：陈述，疑问，祈使，感叹句。
1.陈述句
陈述句用来陈述一件事或表达一种看法，有肯定和否定两种形式。
(1)陈述句的肯定式
That boy always helps others.
I went to the cinema yesterday.
(2)陈述句的否定式
A. 如果句中有be动词、助动词、情态动词时,在它们的后面加“not”。如：
My brother is not a teacher. I will not go there tomorrow.
You must not make such mistakes again.
B. 谓语动词如果没有上述词语而是其他动词时，须在它的前面加don’t， doesn’t, didn’t。如：
I don’t know anything about it.
We didn’t have a meeting yesterday afternoon.
2. 疑问句
(1)一般疑问句：用“yes”或“no”来回答的疑问句叫做一般疑问句。
A. 一般疑问句构成：句中谓语动词是be动词、助动词、情态动词时，则将它们(提前)放到主语前面。
如：Is he an engineer Have you got today’s newspaper Can you explain it
B. 谓语动词如果没有上述词语而是其他动词时，则在主语前面加助动词do / does / did, 原来的谓语动词改为原形。
如：Do you get up at six every morning Does she study hard
Did you go there yesterday
一般疑问句的否定结构：(即否定形式的一般疑问句)表示惊奇、责怪、建议、看法等,只要将将“not”放到主语之前与be, have等助动词或情态动词合并在一起就可以了, 这种否定结构的疑问句的回答与汉语的习惯不同。如果回答是肯定的,就用“yes+肯定结构”；如果回答是否定的,就用“no+否定结构”。(情况与反意问句类似) 如：
--Can’t he answer the question —Yes,he can.（不，他会）/ —No,he can’t.（对，他不会）
(2)特殊疑问句：要求作出具体回答的问句。
A. 特殊疑问句结构
特殊疑问句=疑问代词+一般疑问句
如：What do you want When did you get up this morning
B. 常用疑问代词和疑问副词：
疑问代词：who, whom, whose, which, what
疑问副词：when, where, why, how构成的短语
C. 特殊疑问句有时也用否定式。如：Why don’t you ask Jim instead
D. 特殊疑问句疑问部分有时可以有两个以上的疑问词。如：When and where were you born
(3) 选择疑问句：提出两种或两种以上情况,需要对方作出选择回答的疑问句叫选择疑问句。
A. 构成：(1) 一般疑问句 + or + 第二选项？
(2) 特殊疑问句 + 第一选项(+ 第二选项)+ or + 第三选项？
B. 选择疑问句的结构与特殊疑问句相同, 即要具体回答, 不可以用yes / no回答。
如：--Is your friend a boy or a girl –A girl.
--Which do you prefer, coffee or tea –Tea, please.
例题讲解
例1
【题干】I’m going to the supermarket to buy some_______ this afternoon.
A. paper and pencil B. apples and banana
C. milk and eggs D. bowl and spoons
例2
【题干】Sometimes it rains ______ in Xi’an in summer.
A．heavy B．heavily C strong D strongly
例3
【题干】— _______ do you study for a test
— I study by working with a group .
A. Where B. How C. When D. Why
例4
【题干】短文填空
friend, be, our, play, teach
Mrs. Wilson is short and thin. She 1 from Canada. She is our math 2 . But I don't like math. It's too difficult and boring. Mrs. Wilson is 25 years old. She is very shy and 3 . She always 4 games with 5 . And she enjoys reading very much. Look! She is reading now.
例5
用方框中所给的单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。（每个单词仅限用一次）
have good be teacher come help work student like class
I have a friend. She __ 1 __ 12 years old. She __2 __ from Singapore(新加坡). Now she is in Xi’an. Her father and mother __3 __ in a collage(大学). They are both__ 4 __. She’s studying(学习) in Gaoxin No.1 Middle School. There are sixty __ 5 __ in her class. They often help her study Chinese, and she often __ 6 __ them study English. They have four__ 7 __ in the morning, and four in the afternoon. She __ 8 __ lunch at school at twelve o’clock. The lunch in her school is very__ 9 __. And she __ 10 _ Chinese food very much. She thinks Xi’an is a great city.中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
提升训练三 ：U5-U6
知识点讲解
知识点1
1. 动词的分类
1） 实义动词：
① 英语的实义动词可分为及物动词和不及动词两大类。
② 有些动词通常只作不及物动词。如：go, come, happen, listen, live等。
有些动词通常用作及物动词。如：say, find, buy, do等。
③ 大多数动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。如：study, sing等。
2）系动词：
系动词用来连接___主_____ 语和___表______ 语,系动词后面常为___形容_____词或__名____词。
常见的系动词有：
be
look, sound, taste, smell, feel
become, get, go, turn, grow
keep, stay, remain
如sound v.听起来 That sounds great! 主语+系动词+表语
3）助动词：
①常见的助动词有:用于进行时和被动语态的be (am, is, are ,was, were) ; 用于完成时的have(has, had) ; 用于将来时的will (would)和用于一般时的do(does, did) .
②助动词必须同主语的人称和数一致,也就是说因主语人称、数的不同而采用不同的形式。
情态动词：
2. 形容词
用来说明或修饰名词或代词的词。
1. 形容词在句子中的作用及位置：
1）作定语，放在名词前，不定代词之后
如：He is a good student. Something serious has happened.
2) 作表语，放在系动词之后
如：The music sounds beautiful.
3) 作宾补，放在宾语之后，常与make, leave, keep等动词连用。
如：We must try our best to keep the environment clean.
3. 副词
用来说明事情发生的时间，地点，原因，方式及含义或说明其它形容词或副词程度的词，主要用于修饰形容词，副词，动词或整个句子
1. 副词的分类：副词可分为时间，频度，程度，地点，方式，疑问，连接和关系等。
时间副词：now, then, today, yesterday, tomorrow, soon, before, after, ago, already,
yet, late, early等
频度副词：once, twice, always, usually, often, sometimes, never, seldom等
程度副词：very, quite, so, too, much, a little等
地点副词：here, there, home, inside, outside, near, in, away, off, near等
方式副词：quickly, slowly, happily, sadly, loudly, suddenly, fast等
疑问副词：when, where, why, how, how long/ often/ far等
4. 名词
定义：表示人或物名称的词
名词分类 名词分为专有名词和普通名词，普通名词有__可_______数和__不可_____数。可数名词分为个体名词和集体名词，不可数名词分为物质名词和抽象名词。
专有名词：如 China, the Great Wall, Lucy, Monday, February, the Children’s Day等
个体名词：如 book, bike, dog, pencil等
集体名词：如 class(班级/学生)，group（组/组员），police(警察统称/好多警察)，family(家庭/家庭成员)，team(队/队员)
物质名词：如 water, paper, wood, rice等
抽象名词：如 danger, health, homework, love, news，advice, information, weather等
名词需注意可数名词的数
知识点2
句子按照用途可以分为：陈述，疑问，祈使，感叹句。
1.陈述句
陈述句用来陈述一件事或表达一种看法，有肯定和否定两种形式。
(1)陈述句的肯定式
That boy always helps others.
I went to the cinema yesterday.
(2)陈述句的否定式
A. 如果句中有be动词、助动词、情态动词时,在它们的后面加“not”。如：
My brother is not a teacher. I will not go there tomorrow.
You must not make such mistakes again.
B. 谓语动词如果没有上述词语而是其他动词时，须在它的前面加don’t， doesn’t, didn’t。如：
I don’t know anything about it.
We didn’t have a meeting yesterday afternoon.
2. 疑问句
(1)一般疑问句：用“yes”或“no”来回答的疑问句叫做一般疑问句。
A. 一般疑问句构成：句中谓语动词是be动词、助动词、情态动词时，则将它们(提前)放到主语前面。
如：Is he an engineer Have you got today’s newspaper Can you explain it
B. 谓语动词如果没有上述词语而是其他动词时，则在主语前面加助动词do / does / did, 原来的谓语动词改为原形。
如：Do you get up at six every morning Does she study hard
Did you go there yesterday
一般疑问句的否定结构：(即否定形式的一般疑问句)表示惊奇、责怪、建议、看法等,只要将将“not”放到主语之前与be, have等助动词或情态动词合并在一起就可以了, 这种否定结构的疑问句的回答与汉语的习惯不同。如果回答是肯定的,就用“yes+肯定结构”；如果回答是否定的,就用“no+否定结构”。(情况与反意问句类似) 如：
--Can’t he answer the question —Yes,he can.（不，他会）/ —No,he can’t.（对，他不会）
(2)特殊疑问句：要求作出具体回答的问句。
A. 特殊疑问句结构
特殊疑问句=疑问代词+一般疑问句
如：What do you want When did you get up this morning
B. 常用疑问代词和疑问副词：
疑问代词：who, whom, whose, which, what
疑问副词：when, where, why, how构成的短语
C. 特殊疑问句有时也用否定式。如：Why don’t you ask Jim instead
D. 特殊疑问句疑问部分有时可以有两个以上的疑问词。如：When and where were you born
(3) 选择疑问句：提出两种或两种以上情况,需要对方作出选择回答的疑问句叫选择疑问句。
A. 构成：(1) 一般疑问句 + or + 第二选项？
(2) 特殊疑问句 + 第一选项(+ 第二选项)+ or + 第三选项？
B. 选择疑问句的结构与特殊疑问句相同, 即要具体回答, 不可以用yes / no回答。
如：--Is your friend a boy or a girl –A girl.
--Which do you prefer, coffee or tea –Tea, please.
例题讲解
例1
【题干】I’m going to the supermarket to buy some_______ this afternoon. C
A. paper and pencil B. apples and banana
C. milk and eggs D. bowl and spoons
例2
【题干】短文填空
friend, be, our, play, teach
Mrs. Wilson is short and thin. She is 1 from Canada. She is our math teacher 2 . But I don't like math. It's too difficult and boring. Mrs. Wilson is 25 years old. She is very shy and 3 friendly . She always 4plays games with us 5 . And she enjoys reading very much. Look! She is reading now.
例3
用方框中所给的单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。（每个单词仅限用一次）
have good be teacher come help work student like class
I have a friend. She __is 1 __ 12 years old. She __2comes __ from Singapore(新加坡). Now she is in Xi’an. Her father and mother __3 work__ in a collage(大学). They are both__teachers 4 __. She’s studying(学习) in Gaoxin No.1 Middle School. There are sixty __ students5 __ in her class. They often help her study Chinese, and she often __ 6 helps__ them study English. They have four__ 7 classes__ in the morning, and four in the afternoon. She __ 8 has__ lunch at school at twelve o’clock. The lunch in her school is very__ 9 good__. And she __ 10likes _ Chinese food very much. She thinks Xi’an is a great city.
