中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the city park.
单元小结
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知识目录
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学习目标：提供帮助。能学会提供帮助的一些用语和参加志愿者活动的一些用语，能够读懂
有关志愿者参加志愿服务的语篇。
语法目标：学习不定式的用法。
听说目标：能听懂并谈论提供帮助及志愿者活动的一些用语。
写作目标：能够写出关于提供帮助和志愿者活动的短文。
目录
知识要点一、重点单词，短语及句式
要点1 volunteer的用法 2
要点2 care的用法 3
要点3 own的用法 5
要点4 try，try out 6
要点5 alone和lonely的区别 7
要点6 run out和run out of 8
要点7 give out和give away 9
要点8 notice的用法 11
要点9 similar,take after, look like 12
要点10 put off/put up 14
要点11 such 和so 16
要点12 cheer 17
要点13 satisfaction和satisfy 18
要点14 come true 19
要点15 stop doing和stop to do 20
要点16 raise的用法 22
要点17 homeless构词法 24
要点18 feeling 25
要点19 difficulty 26
要点20 broken的用法 27
要点21 use to do和be used to doing 28
要点22 interest和interested 29
要点23 carry， get， bring，take 30
要点24 重点短语 33
要点25 重点句式 34
知识要点二、语法
要点1 不定式用法 35
知识要点三、书面表达
要点1 话题分析 37
要点2 词汇短语积累 37
要点3句式积累 38
要点4实战演练 39
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知识要点一、重点单词，短语及句式。
)
【精讲精练】
要点1 volunteer
volunteer n.志愿者 v.（自愿）做
（1）volunteer（vi）for "自愿做，义务做" 后常跟介词in, for
They volunteer for the work in the club.
他们自愿地俱乐部里参加这项工作
（2）volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事
He volunteered to clean up the room after the party.
（3）volunteer n. 志愿者
I want to be a volunteer in the city.
【典例分析】
1. Some ________________ are ________________ their time to help the poor in underdeveloped countries.
A. volunteer; volunteer B. volunteers; volunteering
C. volunteering; volunteers D. volunteers; volunteers
【答案】B
【解析】考查兼类词volunteer的用法。volunteer既可以作名词，意为：志愿者，又可以作动词。意为：自愿做。分析语境可知，第一空指的是名词“志愿者”，第二空为动词“自愿做”；且some后跟可数名词volunteer的复数形式，由are确定时态为现在进行时。
2. My friend Tom volunteered ______________ in the countryside two years ago.
A. to work B. work C. working D. works
【答案】A
【解析】句意：两年前我的朋友汤姆志愿在乡下工作。动词短语volunteer to do sth意为：自愿做某事，故选A。
要点2 care
care v.关心；担忧；照顾；喜爱；在乎 n.小心；注意；照料
（1）care for "照顾，照料"=look after=take care of
（2） care for 还可意为“非常喜欢”，通常用于否定句或疑问句中
I don't care for basketball.
（3）care about “关心；在意”
Your father truly cares about you.
Careful 和careless
careful是形容词,可用在系动词后作表语,也可用在名词前作定语。口语中提醒别人要小心时常用be careful,意为"当心;小心"。
Be careful--the floor's slippery.小心地板很滑。
careless adj.“粗心的；不小心的”，反义词为careful
固定搭配
be careful about/of...对.....小心
②be careful to do sth,小心做某事
【典例分析】
1. When Bob had the flu, his mother ________ him day and night.
A. found out B. took up
C. cared for D. took away
【答案】C
【解析】句意：鲍勃患流感时，母亲日夜照顾他。
考查动词短语。found out找出；took up拿起；cared for照料；took away拿走。根据“Bob had the flu”可知，鲍勃生病了，需要的是照顾，可知A、B、D三项意思都与句意不合，故选C。
2. Some students are so _______________ that they often make mistakes in their homework.
A. surprised B. careless C. upset D. excited
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一些学生如此粗心，以至于常在作业中犯错。surprised惊讶的，careless粗心的，upset难过，excited感到兴奋的。根据they often make mistakes in their homework(他们经常在作业中出错)可知，他们很粗心，故选B。
3. He often makes _______________ mistakes, because he doesn’t read _______________.
A. careful; carefully B. careless; careful C. careless; carefully D. careful; carelessly
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词和副词的句法功能。句意：他经常犯粗心的错误，因为他不认真阅读。read意为：读，行为动词，需用副词修饰，排除B；根据语境可知，他因为没有仔细阅读导致经常犯粗心的错误，形容词careless修饰名词mistakes。故选C。
4.注意你的健康 / 请多保重。
_________________your health.
【答案】Be careful of
5.她过分讲究衣着。
She ______________her dress.
【答案】is too careful about
6.小心！ 那个男人带着一把刀。
___________! The man has a knife.
【答案】Be carful/ Look out/ Watch out
7.吉姆，小心那条狗。它有时候咬人。
Jim, ________ ________ ________ that dog. It sometimes bites people.
【答案】Be careful of
要点3 own
own的用法
（1）作为形容词，意为“自己的”。
He had his own company by 25.他25岁时就有了自己的公司。
（2）作为动词，意为“拥有”。
I want to own a big house with three bedroom.
我想拥有一套三居室的大房子。
（3）其名词为owner,意为“所有权人；主人”。
The wallet must be returned to its owner.
钱包必须归还给它的主人。
辨析of one's own与on one's own
of one's own 意为“（某人）自己的”，一般用作定语。
on one's own 意为“独自”，一般用作状语，相当于by oneself。
【典例分析】
1.他有一座自己的房子，这座房子是去年他独自建的，所以他是该房子的主人。
He has a house __________，and the house was built __________last year，so he is the_________ of the house.
【答案】of his own 意为“（某人）自己的” on his own意为“独自” owner “所有权人；主人”
2.It's dangerous for you to go out for a walk in the forest _______at night.
A. on business B.by the way C. on your own D. on the top
【答案】你晚上一个人到森林里去散步是很危险的。on one's own意为“独自”，符合题意。
3.It’s against the law for him to rush into ________ house without permission.
A.my own private B .him own private
C. his own D. own his private
【答案】句意为“他未经允许闯入我的私人房屋是违法的”。Own 私人的。故选A
要点4 try/ try out
try v.试验；尝试；设法；努力 n.尝试
try out “参加......选拔；试用”，当意为“参加......选拔”时常与介词for连用
I'm trying out a new computer.我正在试用一台新电脑
（2）和try有关的短语有：
①try on 意为“试穿”，为“动词+副词”型短语。
②try doing sth. 意为“尝试去做某事”。
③try one’s best to do sth. 意为“尽某人最大努力去做某事”
④have a try 意为“试一试”，其中，try为名词。
【典例分析】
1. ---- Oh, it’s bad. The radio doesn’t work. ---- Didn’t you the radio before you bought it
A. count down B. try out C. tidy up D. point out
【答案】B句意：--哦，真糟糕。收音机坏了。----你买收音机之前没试过吗？try out 试验。故答案选B。
2.If you want to buy this dress, you’d better ______ first to make sure it fits you.
A. try it out B. take it off C. tidy it up D. try it on
【答案】A try out意为“试用；试”。 take off 脱衣，起飞。 tidy up 整理。 try on意为“试穿”
3.— Do you prepare to _____ for the volunteer job in the hospital
— Yes, I'm ready.
A. hand out B. try out C. put up D. give up
【答案】 B
【解析】句意：——你准备去医院做义工吗？——是的，我准备好了。A 分发，散发；B 实验，尝试；C 粘贴，搭建；D 放弃。根据句意，可知是尝试去做志愿者工作，故选B。
【点评】考查短语辨析。注意识记各短语意思。
4.我可以试穿一下这件裙子吗？
May I _________ _________ _________ _________
【答案】try the dress on
5.让我们尝试着换一种方式解决问题吧。
Let’s_________ ________ the problem in another way.
【答案】try out
6.本学期我会尽力学好物理。
I’ll ________ __________ _________ ________ learn physics well this term.
= I’ll ___________ ___________learn physics well this term.
【答案】try my best to/ try to
7.去尝试一下，不要害羞。
Just ________ ________ __________ Don’t be shy.
【答案】have a try
8.我刚才买了一部新手机，我正在试用它。
I bought a new mobile phone just now. I am_________ ________ __________.
【答案】trying it out
要点5 alone与lonely的区别：
(1) alone既可作形容词，又可作副词,意为“单独的/地，独自的/地”，没有感彩。
(2) lonely只作为形容词，意为“孤独的，寂寞的”，具有感彩。
He lived alone after his wife left，so he was very lonely .
他妻子离开后，他一个人生活，所以他很孤独。
alone & lonely
Alone 作为形容词，意为“单独的；独自的”，在句中常作表语。作为副词，意为“单独；独自”。 Kevin is alone at home. 凯文独自在家。
Lonely 作为形容词，意为“孤独的；荒凉的”，常用来描述人的内心状态。 一言辨异： Although the old man lives alone, he never feels lonely. 虽然老人独自一人生活，但是从来不感到孤独。
【典例分析】
1．The old man lives ______，but he doesn't feel ______．
A．lonely；lonely B．alone；alone C．lonely；alone D．alone；lonely
【答案】D。
【解析】alone表示“单独”，而lonely含有不愉快之意，表示“孤独，寂寞”。
2. Her grandparents live in a big house, but they don’t feel .
A. lonely; alone B. alone; lonely C. lonely; lonely D. alone; alone
【答案】B
【解析】试题分析：考查形容词alone; lonely用法。句意为“他的爷爷奶奶单独住在一个小房子里，但是并不感到孤独。”alone意为“单独一个人”; lonely“内心孤独的”。故选B。
3.Though the old man lived______, he didn’t feel______.
A. alone; alone B. lonely; lonely
C. alone; lonely D. lonely; alone
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词和副词用法辨析。句意: 尽管老人单独居住, 但他不感到孤独。alone副词, 单独一人地; lonely形容词, 孤独的, 寂寞的。
4.The old man lives in a ____________place ____________. He feels ___________ because he doesn’t have any sons or daughters.（用alone，lonely填空）
【答案】第一空lonely “偏僻的”，只作定语。 第二空，alone 强调客观上“独自一人”，第三空，lonely强调情感上“孤独的；寂寞的”
5. His grandparents live ________ in a small house, but they don't feel ________.
A. lonely; alone B. alone; lonely C. lonely; lonely D. alone; alone
【答案】B
【解析】句意：他的祖父母独自住在一个小房子里，但他们并不感到孤独。
考查形容词与副词。alone可以作形容词，也可以作副词，意为“单独，独自”；而lonely只可以作形容词，意为"内心孤独的"。根据句中关键词live可知，要用副词alone来修饰；关键词feel是一个感官系动词，后面应跟形容词lonely。故选B。
要点6 run
run out of 主语通常是“人”的名词，也可用于某种能消耗物品的机器，意为“用完....”相当use up
（1）run out of 也可表示“从......跑出来"
The dog ran out of the room.
（2）run out 意为“用尽，耗尽”，其主语通常是被使用的事物，其后不接宾语。
His water soon ran out.
【典例分析】
1. —Jack, I think we need to buy a new car.
—Oh, no! We are ________________ out of money, you know
A. trying B. going C. getting D. running
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：——杰克，我认为我们需要买一辆新车。——哦，不行！我们快要把钱花光了，你知道吗？try尝试，go out of从……出去，get out of摆脱，run out of花光，用完。根据Oh, no!可知，B不同意买一辆新车，因为钱快要花完了。故选D。
2. 他的钱用完了。
His money ________ _________.
【答案】ran out . run out 意为“用尽，耗尽”，其主语通常是被使用的事物，其后不接宾语
3. 他用完了他的钱。
He __________ ________ ________ his money.
【答案】ran out of 主语通常是“人”的名词，也可用于某种能消耗物品的机器，意为“用完....”
要点7 give out/ give away/hand out
give out =hand out分发(v. +adv) give out sth to sb. 分….给某人
give out 发出（光，热，声音等）/用完，耗尽
The sun gives out light and heat.
Our supplies are giving out.
give away意为“赠送;捐赠”，动副短语
The old man gives away some books to the poor children every year.
Give 构成的短语
give in 屈服 give back=return 归还
give a speech 发表讲话 give a report作报告
give sb. a call 给……打电话 give away to赠送给
give off发出（气体、热量、气味等） give sb. a hand =help sb. 帮助某人
give up放弃 give sb. sth = give sth to sb. 给某人某物
【典例分析】
1.—Do you think it’s popular to ________ red envelopes（红包）on Wechat during festivals
—Yes. But I prefer giving gifts to my family member.
A．give out B．give away C．give back D．give up
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——你觉得在微信上发红包很流行吗？——是的。但是我更喜欢给我的家人送礼物。 考查动词短语辨析。give out分发，发出；give away赠送；give back归还；give up放弃。根据“red envelopes（红包）on Wechat during festivals”可知，此处指在微信上发红包，故选A。
2.—Can you help ________ the exercise books to the class, Jack
—Sure, I’ll do it.
A．care for B．give up C．put on D．hand out
【答案】D
【解析】句意：——杰克，你能帮我把练习本分发给全班吗？——当然，我会的。
考查动词短语。care for照顾；give up放弃；put on穿上；hand out分发。根据“...the exercise books to the class, Jack ”可知是把练习本发给全班，故选D。
4. —What are you packing so many books for, Grandma
—I’ll ______ to the kids in West China.
A. give them up B. give them away
C. give them off D. give them in
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——你为什么在打包那么多书，奶奶？——我把它们给中国西部的孩子。give up放弃；give away赠送；give off分发；give in呈交；根据句意，故选B
5. —It’s too hard for me to be a trail walker.
—Never______. Believe in yourself!
A. put up B. give up C. hurry up D. look up
【答案】B
【解析】A. put up 举起。张贴。建起。 B. give up 放弃 C. hurry up 赶快， D. look up查阅。B符合题意。
6 In the song I Bet My Life, the US rock band Imagine Dragon tells people never to ______ catching their dreams.
A. give up B. give out C. give in D. give off
【答案】A
【解析】A. give up 放弃。 B. give out分发 C. give in 屈服 D. give off发出。
7.我弟弟已经决定放弃跳舞。
My brother has decided to __________ ___________ _____________.
【答案】give up dancing。
要点8 notice
Notice n.注意；布告 v．注意
【重点】notice的用法
notice sb./sth. 注意到某人/某物 eg：I noticed a big hole on the floor. 我发现地板上有个大洞。
notice＋that从句 注意…… eg：I notice that you like reading. 我注意到你喜欢读书。
notice sb. do sth. 注意到某人做了某事 I noticed him enter the teacher's office.
notice sb. doing sth. 注意到某人正在做某事 I noticed that boy copying others' homework.
【拓展】notice作名词时，意为“布告，通告”。
例：There is a notice about our school in front of the classroom building.
在教学楼前有一则关于我们学校的通知。
【典例分析】
1.—Did you notice someone ________ the meeting room just now
—Sorry, I was making a phone call.
A．to leave B．leaves C．left D．leave
【答案】D
【解析】句意：-你注意到刚才有人离开会议室了吗？-对不起，我在打电话。
to leave离开，动词不定式；leaves第三人称单数形式；left离开，是leave的过去式；leave动词原形。句中谓语动词为notice，意为“注意到”，常用于句型notice sb. do sth.注意某人做某事。故应选D。
2.—Last night at 7 the little boy noticed a thief ________ in the supermarket.
A．steal B．to steal C．steal D．stealing
【答案】D
【解析】句意：——昨晚7点，小男孩注意到一个小偷正在超市偷窃。notice sb do 注意某人做过某事。
notice sb doing sth 注意某人在做某事。故答案选D。
3.He saw his mother___________(do)housework when he got up earlier.
【答案】doing 表示看到某人正在做某事
4. I often see her ____________(dance) in the park.
【答案】dance 表示看到某人做了某事
5. Did you see them _________ TV just now
A. to watch B. watching C. watched D. watches
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：你刚才看见他们在看电视了吗？固定用法：see sb. doing sth. 意为“看见某人正在做某事”。故选B。
要点9 similar /take after/ look like
similar作形容词，意为“相似的”。be similar to…意为“与……相似，接近”，一般用在相近似的物
品和情境的对比上。例如：
His problem is similar to yours. 他的问题和你的相似。
I guess it may be similar to the Hindu culture. 我猜想，这可能接近于印度文化。
【拓展】
（1）look like意为“看起来像……” 。应用范围最广，除了描述人、物之外，也能抽象表达事件或现象。例如：
He looks like a famous movie star. 他看起来像一个电影明星。
It looks like it’s going to rain soon. 天看起来要下雨。
（2）take after 最常见的是用在有血缘关系的亲子之间，外貌用的最多，也能够用在性格脾气这些内在特质上。例如：
She took after her mother almost in everything. 她几乎与她母亲一模一样。
Adam was my grandfather and I took after him. 亚当是我的祖父，我和他很相像。
【典例分析】
1.—Can you tell the difference between these two pictures
—The difference Oh, no. They look quite .
A. similar B. different C. strange D. interesting
【答案】A
【解析】similar"相似的";different"不同的";strange"奇怪的";interesting"有趣的"。结合本题语境可知,它们看起来很"相似",故所缺的词是similar。
2. Dona is ________ to her mother in many ways. For example, they are both tall and thin.
A. different B. kind C. friendly D. similar
【答案】D
【解析】根据 they are both tall and thin可知Dona和母亲有许多相似的地方。be similar to与……相似。
3. Alice has the same taste of clothes as I and her clothes are __________________ mine.
A. interested in B. similar to
C. popular with D. different from
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词短语辨析。句意：爱丽丝和我穿衣有相同的品味。她的衣服和我的差不多。be interested in对……感兴趣；be similar to与……相似；be popular with受到……的欢迎；be different from与……不同。根据句意可知，穿衣品味相同，穿的衣服应该相似。故选择B。
4.他长得像他父亲
He__________ _______ his father
【答案】takes after take after 长得像......、性格特征像.....
5. 他看起来像他父亲
He__________ _______ his father
【答案】looks like
要点10
put off doing sth. 推迟做某事
Don’t put off till tomorrow what should be done today.
（1）put up 是由“动词+副词”构成的动词短语，意为“张贴；公布”。例如:
The principal put up the exam result. 校长公布了这次考试的结果。
（2）put up 意为“提高；增加；抬高(租金、价格等)”。例如 ：
My landlord was threatening to put the rent up by 10 dollars a week.
我房东要挟说要把每周房租提高10美元。
Put构成的短语
put up挂；张贴；公布；举起；搭起；
put off 推迟 put away 收起来
put on 穿上；戴上；体重上升 put down 放下
put up with 忍受 put out 扑灭；熄灭
【典例分析】
1.—Jason, would you please this notice
—With pleasure.
put on B. put off C. put up D. put out
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——Jason,请你把这个通知 好吗 ——愿意效劳。put on“穿上”;put off“推迟”; put up “张贴”;put out“熄灭”。只有C项符合语境。
2. Tony bought a photo of his favourite sports star and________ on his bedroom wall.
A. gave it up B. found it out
C. looked it through D. put it up
【答案】D
【解析】句意：托尼买了一张他最喜欢的运动明星的照片，贴到他卧室的墙上。
考查动词短语。give up 放弃；find out找出来；look through浏览；put up张贴；根据on his bedroom wall可知，这里指贴在墙上。故选D。
3. — How heavily it is raining!
— What a pity! We have to ________ our sports meeting.
A. put off B. put out C. put on D. put up
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——雨下得真大啊！ ——太可惜了。我们不得不推迟我们的运动会了。
考查动词短语。put off推迟、阻止；put out伸出、出版；put on穿上、上演；put up建造、举起。结合语境可知，雨下得很大，所以运动会必须要推迟了，A选项符合句意，故选A。
4.The exam is over and results will be on Friday afternoon.
A. put down B. put off C. put up D. put away
【答案】考查动词短语辨析。句意：考试结束了，成绩将在星期五下午公布。put down 放下； put off 推迟；put up 张贴，公布；put away 收起来。根据句意可知考试成绩将要公布。故选C。
5. You needn’t go to the guitar lesson tomorrow. The teacher ________.
A. put off it B. put it off
C. fixed up it D. fixed it up
【答案】B
【解析】句意：你明天不必去上吉他课。老师把它延期了。
考查动词短语。put off推迟；fix up修理；根据句意和语境，可知fix up不合句意，可排除CD两项。当短语动词的宾语是代词时，该代词需放在短语的中间，故选B。
要点11 Such与so
二者都表示程度，意为“如此;这样”，其区别为
词条 词性 用法 常用结构
such 形容词 修饰名词 such a/an +形容词+可数名词单数 no/any/ some/ all/ many 等+such+名词 such+形容词+可数名词复数 such +形容词+ 不可数名词
so 程度 副词 修饰形容词或副词 so+ 形容词+a/an + 可数名词复数 so+ many/few +可数名词复数 so+ much/little+不可数名词
【典例分析】
3.Santaishan Forest Park is __________ beautiful that it has become a hot tourist attraction.
A. so B. very C. such D. quite
【答案】A
【解析】句意：三台山森林公园是如此美丽，它已经成为一个热门的旅游景点。考查副词辨析。so/such that是固定结构，表示“如此以至于”，引导结果状语从句，可排除BD两项；so修饰形容词或副词，such修饰名词或名词性短语。本句beautiful（漂亮的）是形容词，需用so修饰；根据句意结构和语境，可知选A。
4. I’ve had _______ many falls that I am black and blue all over.
A. so B. such C. too D. very
【答案】A
【解析】句意：我摔了很多跤，全身青一块紫一块。当名词前有many, little, few, much等表示大小多少的词来修饰时，只能用so, 不能用such
4. I don’t think I can finish the work in ________ a short time.
A. so B. such C. very D. too
【答案】B
【解析】句意：我想我不能在这么短的时间内完成这项工作。考查形容词辨析题。so+形容词/副词，such+ a/an+形容词+名词，都表示“如此……”。a short time是名词性短语，需用形容词修饰，ACD三项都是副词，故选B。
5. The camera is _______ expensive _______ I can’t afford it.
A. so; that B. such; that C. too; to D. enough; to
【答案】A
【解析】句意：这照相机太贵了，我买不起。A. so+adj/adv+that+句子“如此……以至于……”；B. “such a/an + adj+可数名词单数+that+句子”或者“such+adj+可数名词复数/不可数名词+that+句子”“如此……以至于”； C. too adj to do“太……以至于不能……”；D. enough; to 足够。。。以致能
6. It was ______ yesterday that they went out for a picnic.
a such fine day B. such a fine day C. so a fine day D. a so fine day
【答案】B
【解析】句意：昨天天气这么好，他们出去野餐了。主语+谓语+so+adj+a/an+单数名词+that 从句。本句亦可以表达成：so fine a day. 答案也正确。
要点12 cheer
（1）cheer 作不及物动词，意为“欢呼；喝彩”。例如：
We couldn’t help cheering when we won the final.
当我们赢得决赛时我们不禁欢呼起来。
（2）cheer...up 意为“使……高兴起来；使……振奋起来”。例如：
The whole audience stood up and cheered them up.
所有的观众全部起立并大声欢呼。
Let’s cheer him up.让我们使他振奋起来。
（3）cheer on意为“为……加油；为……打气”。
We all cheered them on loudly. 我们大声地为他们加油。
【典例分析】
1. ! It's not the end of the world. Let's try again.
A. Put up B. Set up C. Cheer up D. Pick up
【答案】C
【解析】句意:振作起来吧!这不是世界末日。让我们再试一次吧。结合本题语境可知应选C, cheer up的含义是“振作起来”。
2.—My best friend went abroad. I miss her and feel down today.
—Don’t be sad. Here is good news for you .
cheer up B. cheering up C. cheered up D.to cheer up
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。句意：——我最好的朋友出国了，今天我想念她，感觉很失落。——不必伤心，这里有让你振奋的好消息。由句意可知，告知的消息是为了让说话人振作，即表达的是目的。英语中常用不定式结构作目的状语。故答案为D。
3. Dave failed in the singing competition. He’s very sad now. Let’s go to ________.
A．wake him up B．cheer him up C．pick him up D．take him up
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——戴夫没有在歌唱比赛中获奖。他现在很伤心。——我明白了。我们去让他振作起来。考查动词短语。wake him up 叫醒他；cheer him up让他振作起来；pick him up接他；take him up接受他。由上句可知他现在很难过，此空应该是让他振作起来的意思，故选B。
4. —I find that I am unlucky today.
—______________________. Everything will be OK.
A. What’s wrong B. It’s bad. C. Cheer up! D. What would you do
【答案】C
【解析】考查交际用语。句意：——我发现我今天运气不好。——振作起来！一切都会好起来的。A. What’s wrong 怎么了？B. It’s bad.很糟糕。C. Cheer up! 振作起来！D. What would you do 你会怎么做？根据Everything will be OK可知，B鼓励对方要振作起来。故选C。
要点13 satisfaction 和satisfy
satisfaction用作不可数名词，意为“满意;满足”。
She smiled in satisfaction.
Satisfy v.使满意；满足
Your plan will not satisfy everyone. 你的计划不会让每个人都满意。
satisfy为动词，后接名词或代词作宾语。satisfy sb.意为“使某人满意”。
His homework satisfies the teacher. 他的作业让老师很满意。
形容词：satisfied和satisfying
be satisfied with... 意为“对……感到满意”与be happy with， be pleased with 同义。
I am satisfied with your explanation．我对你的解释感到满意。
satisfied 形容词 满足的 常用来修饰或描述人
satisfying 形容词 令人满足的 常用来修饰或描述事物
【典例分析】
1.得知彼得找到了一份令人满意的工作，他的父母感到很满意。
Peter's parents are ___________ to know that he has found a ____________job.
【答案】satisfied 常用来修饰或描述人. satisfying常用来修饰或描述事物
2.Mr. Green is very happy because he is satisfied with his students' work today. (同义改写)
= Mr. Green is very happy because he his students' work today
= Mr. Green is very happy because he his students' work today
【答案】is happy with = is pleased with
3.They are very ________ with the results of the survey.
A. satisfy B. satisfies C. satisfied D. to satisfy
【答案】C
【解析】句意：他们非常满意这个调查结果。A. satisfy使满意；B. satisfies 使满意（单数）；C. satisfied 满意的，形容词；D. to satisfy使满意（不定式）；根据be satisfied with对---满意；故选C。
4.If something you, it gives you what you want or need to make you happy.
A. leaves B. counts C. forgets D. satisfies
【答案】D 根据逗号后的解释可知选D。satisfy"满足,使满意"。
5. Linda gets great ________ from helping others, so she’s always ready to give others a helping hand.
A. discussion B. satisfaction
C. preparation D. prediction
【答案】B
【解析】句意：琳达从帮助别人中得到极大的满足，所以她总是乐于助人一臂之力。
考查名词辨析。discussion讨论；satisfaction满足；preparation准备；prediction预测。根据“so she’s always ready to give others a helping hand”可知，她能从帮助他人中获得满足，故选B。
要点14
come true意为“实现;成为现实”，其主语常为梦想、愿望或目标等。
I've always wanted to visit Beijing, so going there on vacation next week will be a dream come true for me.
His dream of becoming a teacher came true.
是否接宾语 用法
achieve 是 主语一般为“人”
come true 否 主语一般是“梦想；理想”
【典例分析】
1. If we Chinese work hard together, China Dream will ________.
A. come out B. come true C. achieve D. come on
【答案】B 句意：如果我们中国人一起努力，中国梦就会实现。Come true实现，成为现实。主语一般指“计划”“梦想，希望”等。Achieve one’s dream 实现梦想。主语一般指人。故答案选B
2. He wants to be a pilot. I think his dream will _____ in the future.
A. come in B. come out C. come over D. come true
【答案】D
【解析】句意：他想当飞行员。我认为他的梦想将来会实现。A. come in进来；B. come out出来；C. come over 战胜；D. come true实现。根据上文His wants to be a pilot.可知下文是说梦想实现。根据题意，故选D。
2.恐怕他的愿望很难实现。
I’m afraid his wish won’t __________ __________easily.
I’m afraid he won’t ___________ __________ _________easily.
【答案】come true achieve his dream
3. Even a small success can give you a sense of ______________ (achieve) .
【答案】achievement
要点15
stop的后面可以用动词不定式也可以用动名词作宾语。stop doing表示“停止正在做的事情”；stop to do表示“停下来开始做”的意思。例如：
Now let’s stop reading. 现在咱们停止读书。
Our teacher stopped to look at the boy. 老师停下来看了看那个男孩。
（2）stop还可以构成短语stop somebody/something from doing something表示“阻止某人做某事或者阻止某事发生”。例如：
The trees and grasses can stop the wind from blowing the earth away.
树和草可以阻止风把土吹走。
【典例分析】
1.那场大雪使他未能来我们的聚会。
The heavy snow _____________ __________ __________ __________ to our party.
【答案】stopped him from going
2.The heavy rain stopped them _______ home on time.
A. return B. returning C. returned D. to return
【答案】本题考查固定短语的用法。stop sb. (from) doing sth. 意为“阻止某人做某事”，故选B。
3. You look tired, you must________.
A. stops to work B. stopped working C. stop to work D. stop working
【答案】D你看起来很累，所以你必须停止工作。故答案选D。stop doing sth.表示“停止做某事”
4. In the end, we felt tired, so we stopped ______ a rest.
A. having B. to have C. had D. have
【答案】B 最后，我们感到累，我们停下来休息。故答案选B。stop to do 表示“停下来开始做某事”
5.请停止说话，咱们开始上课。
Please _________ _____________. Let’s start the lesson.
【答案】stop speaking。stop doing sth.表示“停止做某事”
6大雨使我们踢不了球。
The heavy rain ___________ us ___________ ___________ football.
【答案】stopped from playing。stop …from 表示阻止。。。做某事。
7.我们必须阻止人们砍伐树林。
We must ___________people _____________ ____________ down trees.
【答案】stop from cutting。表示阻止。。。做某事。
要点16 raise
1）raise是及物动词，意为“举起,抬起”。例如：
He raised his glass and said，“Your health, Carl.”
他举起了杯子说道：“祝你健康,卡尔” 。
If you want to ask a question, first raise your hand.
如果你要问问题，请先举手。
（2）raise还表示“招募，筹集”。例如：
They are going to raise funds for the school buildings.
他们将为盖校舍筹集资金。
The foolish prince raised an army against his father.
那个愚蠢的王子招募军队反对他的父亲。
（3）raise还表示“提高（音量、某种水平）” 提出，养育。例如：
The ticket price was raised to 30 yuan. 票价上升到了30元。
The speaker raised his voice so that we could hear him.
演讲者提高了声音，以便我们都能听到。
搭配
raise crops 种庄稼
raise a building 造起一座房子
raise a cloud of dust 扬起一片尘土
raise one's voice 提高嗓音
raise funds 筹集资金
raise a question 提出问题
raise the flag 升旗
【重难点】辨析raise与rise
rise 不及物动词，主要指自然物的升高，比如：太阳的升起、涨水、月亮的升起、价格的上涨等 In summer，the temperature sometimes rises as high as 39°C.在夏天，气温有时高达39°C。
raise 及物动词，主要指举起，抬高 She raised her hand before answering the question.回答问题前，她举起了手。
【典例分析】
1. 用raise, rise的正确形式完成下列句子。
（1）He __________ and walked to the window.
（2）He ______ his hat to me as a sign of respect.
（3）The people’s living standard has greatly been ______.
（4）Her temperature is still ______.
【答案】（1）rose (2)raised (3)raised （4）rising
2根据汉语意思完成句子
（1）月亮已经从山上升起。
The moon ________ ________ above the hills.
（2）老板答应要给她加薪水。
The boss promised ________ _________her salary.
【答案】（1）has risen （2）to raise
3.As the curtain________， the famous singer came out. The fans________ and screamed with excitement.
A．was raised; rose B．had been raised; were raised
C．rose; were raised D．had risen; raised
【答案】A
【解析】句意：幕布拉开时，那位著名歌手走了出来。球迷们兴奋地站起来尖叫。 raise是及物动词，意为“举起,抬起”：第一空要用被动语态。幕布被升起。只有及物动词才有被动语态。第二空没有宾语。故用rise。答案选A。
4.Many people complain that some of KFCs in China ________ the price of a hamburger by one yuan.
A．rose B．raised C．dropped D．controlled
【答案】B
【解析 】抬高价格。Raise the price。Raise 后面接宾语。
5. They the glasses between two peoples last year.
A. rise B. raise C. rose D. raised
【答案】D
【解析】句意：去年他们在两个民族之间挑起了隔阂。Raise 及物动词，后面接宾语。
6.-How did your class raise money for the poor old man in hospital
-We organized a book fair on the playground and sold some books and CDs .(同义句替换)
A. collect B. put up C. spend
【答案】raise “筹集，征集”raise money 募捐。
7. 太阳从东边升起，从西边落下。
【答案】The sun rises in the East and sets in the West. Rise 不及物动词。
要点17 homeless
homeless用作形容词，意为“无家可归的”，是由“名词 home+-less构成的。英语中，后缀-less
表示否定意义，意为“没有;无”，“某些名词+less构成形容词，是英语中的一种构词法。
hope希望→ hopeless无望的
use用处→ useless无用的
meaning意义→ meaningless毫无意义的
care谨慎→ careless粗心的
【知识链接】
-less是最常见的含否定意义的英语后缀之一，它附在名词或动词之后主要构成形容词，有时也构成副词。
homeless 无家可归的 helpless 无助的 useless 没用的
nameless 莫名的 voiceless 无声的 endless 无尽的 colorless 暗淡的
【典例分析】
1. Jack failed the maths exam again. He felt ________ and wanted to give up.
A. helpful B. successful C. careless D. hopeless
【答案】D。
【解析】本题考查形容词辨析。helpful意为“有帮助的”，successful意为“成功的”，careless意为“粗心的”，hopeless意为“没希望的”。结合语境可知应选D。
2. He failed his job interview again, and he felt really ________ ( with no hope) about the future.
【答案】hopeless
3.We tried to stop the fire from spreading，but we knew it was ．（help）
【答案】helpless
要点18 feeling
1.feeling n. 意为“感觉; 直觉; 看法”。
拓展： feelings作名词, 还意为“情感; 感情”, 常用复数形式。
常用短语：hurt one’s feelings 伤害某人感情;
consider the feelings of… 考虑……的感情。
2.feel用作连系动词，意为“感到，感觉”，后跟sorry，tired，afraid，happy，excited等形容词。
I feel very tired today. 今天我感到非常累。
【典例分析】
1.I've lost all ________ in my legs.
A．head B．thought C．words D．feeling
【答案】D
【解析】我的腿失去感觉。
2.—How do you feel when you see these pictures
—Well, I have a strange ________.
A. skill B. feeling C. dream D. relationship
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查名词辨析。skill意为“技能”，feeling意为“感觉”，dream意为“梦；梦想”，relationship
意为“关系”，结合语境可知应选B。
3. —I got a ______ that the other classmates don't like me.
—It's not what you think. They are just too busy to talk with you.
A. feeling B. decision C. difficulty D. satisfaction
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——我觉得其他同学不喜欢我。——不是你想象的那样，他们太忙了，没有时间和你交谈。A. feeling感觉；B. decision决定；C. difficulty困难；D. satisfaction满意。结合句意可知，答案为A。
要点19
difficulty n. 意为“困难; 困境; 难事”。
difficulty 作抽象的“困难”讲时，是不可数名词；表示具体意义的“困难(如难事、难题)” 时，是可数名词。
difficult，形容词。困难的
常用短语： have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth. 在做某事方面有困难。
have difficulty with sth 在某方面有困难
【典例分析】
1. Mr. Li says we can ask him for help if we have any ________.
A. excuses B. difficulty C. information D. programmes
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查名词辨析。excuse意为“理由；借口”，difficulty意为“困难”，information意为“信息”，programme 意为“节目”，结合语境可知应选B。
2.I had great difficulty the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.
A. find B. found C. to find D. finding
【答案】D
【解析】试题分析：句意：在那个餐馆我费了好大的劲才找出菜谱上的适合的菜。这里是have difficulty in doing，这里in可以省去，故选D。
3. — I have some __________________ in learning English. Could you help me with it
—Sure, I’d love to.
A. differences B. interest C. kindness D. difficulties
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：——我在英语学习上有困难，我很担心。你能帮助我吗？——当然，我很乐意帮助你。A. differences区别，不同；B. interest兴趣；C. kindness仁慈；D. difficulties困难。根据句中worried可知，需用difficulties；have difficulties doing sth 意为：做某事有困难。故选D。
4.我们费了好大劲才找到你的房子。
We had a lot of _______________ in __________ your house
【答案】difficulty finding
要点20 broken
broken是形容词，意为“打破的；碎了的；坏了的”。例如：
The room whose window is broken is our classroom.
那个窗户坏了的房间是我们的教室。
broken还可作为动词break的过去分词，break的过去式为broke。例如：
Be careful, or you’ll break the cup.小心，否则你会打碎杯子。
A thief had broken the window of my uncle’s house before we got there.
在我们到达之前一个小偷已经打破了我叔叔家的窗户。
【拓展】break的相关固定搭配：
（1）break down 意为“(机器)坏了；（计划、谈判）失败；（谈话、通讯）中断等”。
We are sorry to arrive late, because the car broke down.
很抱歉我们来晚了，由于车坏了。
Negotiations between the two sides have broken down. 双方的谈判已经破裂。
（2）break into 表示“破门而入；打断（谈话）”。
I caught two men trying to break into the office. 我瞧见两个人想闯入我的办公室。
（3）break out 表示“（战争、瘟疫、火灾等）爆发 ”。
World War II broke out in September 1939. 第二次世界大战爆发于1939年9月。
【典例分析】
1. —Does Jimmy often volunteer in his free time
—Yes. He often fixes up __________________computers for others.
A. sick B. fallen C. broken D. weak
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：——吉米经常在空闲时间做志愿者吗 ——是的，他经常为别人修理坏了的电脑。sick意为：生病的；fallen意为：倒下的；broken意为：破碎的，坏掉的；weak意为：虚弱的。根据句意可知，吉米自愿帮助别人修理坏了的电脑，应选择C。
2. His race car ________ halfway. He had to give up the race.
A．broke out B．broke into C．broke up D．broke down
【答案】D break down 垮掉；出故障
3.There are lots of ________ bottles on the road.
A．break B．broke C．broken D．breaking
【答案】C broken 这里是形容词，修饰名词。
要点21
used to do sth. 过去常常做某事，意思是现在不做了，主语常是人，当然也可以是能实施动作的动物等。 I used to get up early and took an hour's walk before breakfast. 我过去常常起床很早并且在早餐前散步一小时。
be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事，主语也通常是人，但是也可以是能实施动作的动物等。“get used to doing sth.”相当于“be used to doing sth.”。 He is/gets used to living like this. 他习惯了这样生活。
be used for doing sth. 被用于做某
be used to do sth. 被用于做某事
【典例分析】
1. My grandparents used to__________ in a small village, and now they aren’t used to_________ in the big city.
A. live; living B. live; live C. living; live D. living; living
【答案】A
【详解】考查非谓语动词辨析。我的祖父母曾经住在一个小的村庄，现在他们不习惯住在大城市里。used to do sth 意为：过去常常做某事；be used to doing sth意为：习惯做某事。根据句意可知，第一个空格表示“我的祖父母曾经住在一个小村庄”，所以第一个空格填live。第二个空格表示“现在他们不习惯住在大城市里”，所以第二个空格填living。故选A。
2.John _________with a knife but now he _________with chopsticks after living in Beijing for several months.
A. used to eat; is used to eat B. used to eating; gets used to eat
C. used to eat; is used to eating D. was used to eating; is used to eat
【答案】C 句意：约翰过去常常用刀吃用餐，但现在他在北京住了几个月后习惯用筷子吃饭。
2.用 used to 和 be used to 的适当形式填空。
1. My uncle _____________ live in a big city， but he _________________ living in a village now.
【答案】used to is used to
2. I _________________ get up late when I was in the middle school.
【答案】used to
3. The child _________________ watch too much TV at night. So he has poor eyesight now.
【答案】used to
4. We students ___________________ doing morning exercises every day.
【答案】are used to
5. There _______________ be a beautiful park.
【答案】used to
要点22 interested/interest
interest的用法
（1）作为名词，意为“兴趣；爱好”。其同义词为hobby。
Different people have different interests.
不同的人有着不同的兴趣爱好。
（2）作为及物动词，意为“使感兴趣”，主语通常是人。
The novel interests me a lot.这本小说让我很感兴趣。
（3）拓展：常用于以下固定搭配中
① have/show (great/much) interest in... 意为“对……有着/表现出(浓厚的)兴趣”
The boy showed much interest in science when he was five.
男孩儿五岁时就对科学产生了浓厚的兴趣。
②with interest 意为“感兴趣地”
The students were watching the little animals with interest.
学生们饶有兴致地看着那些小动物。
③ be interested in (doing) sth. 意为“对（做）某事感兴趣”
Almost everyone is interested in stories.
几乎所有人都对故事感兴趣。
interest 可以作名词,意为“兴趣;爱好”,也可以作动词,意为“使感兴趣”
interesting 作形容词,意为“有趣的;令人感兴趣的”,常用来修饰事或物
interested 作形容词,意为“感兴趣的”,常用来修饰人。be/become/get interested
in...意为“对……感兴趣”
【典例分析】
1．My friend Jack has an _______ hobby．He is _______ in old newspapers．
A．interesting；interesting B．interested；interested
C．interesting；interested D．interested；interesting
【答案】 C
【解析】interesting意为“有趣的”，可作定语或表语；一般修饰‘物’。 interested常用于短语be interested in，意为“对……感兴趣”。一般形容人的情感。
2 The________ show on Zhejiang TV, Running Man, makes lots of people ________.
A. interesting；relaxing B. interesting；relaxed
C. interested；relaxed D. interest；relax
【答案】B
【解析】 interesting意为“有趣的”，可作定语或表语；一般修饰‘物’。Relaxed放松的，一般形容人。
3.David visited lots of_________ in the world.
A. places of interesting B. places of interest C. place of interests D. place of interesting
【答案】B
【解析】place of interest为固定搭配，interest名词。表示“名胜”，根据空前的lots of可知此处要用其复数形式。
4.National Treasure quickly rose to the top rating ranks after it was aired on CCTV. It means a growing ________ in traditional culture among China’s youth.
A. interest B. direction C. habit D. dream
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意为“《国家宝藏》在中央电视台播出后, 快速地上升至收视率排行榜前列。这意味着中国的年轻人对传统文化越来越感兴趣”。interest “兴趣”; direction “方向”; habit “习惯”; dream “梦想”。故选A。
5.我对学英语不感兴趣。
I_________ ________ ________ _________ ________English.
= I_________ ________ ________ _________ ________English.
【答案】am not interested in learning have no interest in learning
要点23 carry的用法
carry意为“提、扛、搬、携带”，意思较多，但没有方向性
辨析get, bring, take与carry
（1）get意为“去拿来”，强调“来回过程”
（2）take意为“带走”，指把某物或某人从说话的地方带到另一个地方去，也可以说是“由近及远”，常和介词to构成搭配。例如：
You can take this book home. 你可以把这本书带回家。
Can you help me take the books to the classroom
你能帮我把这些书带到教室去吗？
（3）bring意为“带来，拿来”，指把某物或某人从另一个地方带到说话的地方来，也可以说是“由远及近”。 例如：
Bring me your dictionary tomorrow. 明天把你的词典给我拿来。
get 有一个过程，表示“去拿”
bring 靠近说话地点，意为“拿来；带来”
take 远离说话地点，意为“拿走；带走”
carry 表示携带的动作，不说明方向，意为“搬；扛；提”
【典例分析】
1.用get take bring或carry的适当形式填空
(1)My teacher asked me to go to her office to ________ the notebooks for her.
【答案】get 表示“去拿来”
(2) I asked Lily to _________me an English book, but she brought me a Chinese book, so I asked her to ________ it back to the teacher's office.
【答案】get take
(3)Will you please ______ the child to his mother
【答案】take 意为“拿走；带走”
(4). Next time don’t forget to ______ me a copy of your work.
【答案】bring 意为“拿来；带来”
(5). Please ______ the letter to the post office.
【答案】take 意为“拿走；带走”
(6). The box is too heavy for Joe to ______.
【答案】carry表示携带的动作，不说明方向，意为“搬；扛；提”
2．—I don't know where Xingfu Restaurant is.
—There's a map in my car over there. Let me________ it for you.
A．take B．bring C．get D．carry
【答案】C
【解析】此题用词语辨析法。get“(去)取来；拿来”，符合题意。take“拿走；带走”；bring“带来；拿来”；carry“搬运”。
3.Could you__________ me some water I need it to water these flowers.
A. get B. carry C. take D. bring
【答案】A
【解析】get指去别处取来,强调往返的过程;carry"搬运,携带";take"拿走",强调人或物离开说话人所在地;bring"拿来",强调从别处带人或物来到说话人所在地。由语境可知选A。
4.Could you ______ these books to the classroom
A. put B. take C. bring D. make
【答案】B
【解析】这里强调从说话者带走。故选take。
【重点词组】
1.clean up 打扫（或清除）干净
2.cheer up （使）变得更高兴；振奋起来
3.give out 分发；散发
4.used to 曾经....；过去......
5.give away 赠送；捐赠
6.set up 建起；设立
7.make a difference 影响；有作用 make a difference to对......产生影响 to 为介词）
make no difference to “对......没有影响” （to 为介词）
8.come up with 想出；提出
9.put off 推迟
10.put up 张贴；搭建；举起
11.call up 打电话给（某人）；征召
12.help out 帮助......摆脱困境
13.care for 照顾；非常喜欢
14.try out 参加......选拔；试用
e true 实现
16.take after（外貌或行为）像
17.fix up 修理；装饰
18.be similar to 与......相似
19.be strong in 擅长
20.work out fine 奏效
21.a dream come true 梦想成真
22.at the same time 同时（一定有the)
23.raise money for “为......筹钱”
24.be excited about 对.....感到兴奋、激动
25.make plans to do sth.制订计划做某事
26.help sb. out “帮助某人摆脱困境；帮助某人解决难题”
27.make it possible for sb. to do 使得做某事对某人来说成为可能
28.hope to do sth. 希望做某事
【重点句式】
1.The girl could visit the sick kids in the hospital to cheer them up.
这个女孩在医院看望了患病的孩子们
2.The girl could volunteer in an after school study program to teach kids.
这个女孩能自愿加入课后计划组织去教孩子们。
3.We need to come up with a plan to tell people about the city park clean-up.
我们需要制定一个计划去告诉人们有关市公园清洁日。need to do sth需要干什么
4.Clean-Up Day is only two weeks from now. We can’t put off making a plan.
清洁日距现在只有两周，我们不能推迟计划。
5.We could put up signs.我们可以张贴标语。
6.Let’s make some notices, too. Then I’ll hand them out after school.
让咱们制作一些通知。然后放学后分发它们。
7.We could each call up 10 students and ask them to come.
我们每人可以给10个同学打电话并叫他们来。
8.I’m making some plans to work in an old people’s home this summer.
这个夏天我正制定计划去敬老院工作。
9.What did they ask you to help out with 他们叫你帮助什么？
10.but I want to learn more about how to care for animals.
我想了解更多照料动物的知识。（特殊疑问词how + to do作about宾语）
11.I get such a strong feeling of satisfaction when I see the animals get better and the look of joy on their owners’ faces.当我看到动物更健康和主人脸上高兴的笑容时，我就有这样一种强烈的满足感。
12.She could read by herself at the age of four.=when she was four years old.
当她四岁时就独自会看书了。
13.she decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program.
她决定参加课后阅读计划自愿者竞赛。
14.The kids are sitting in the library, but you can see in their eyes that they’re going on a different journey with each new book.
孩子们虽然坐在图书馆里，但是从他们的眼神中你能明白他们将在每本新书中不同的旅行。
15.Volunteering here is a dream come true for me.
这儿的自愿服务工作多我来说已是梦想成真。
16.I can do what I love to do and help others at the same time.
我干我热爱干的工作同时帮助别人。
17.You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky.
你帮助拥有幸运儿对我来说成为可能。
18.Lucky makes a big difference to my life.
幸运儿对我的生活起重要作用
19.I love animals and I was excited about the idea of having a dog.
我喜欢动物并且因过去拥有狗的想法而感到激动。
20.The ideas that he came up with worked out fine.
他提出的办法效果不错。（that定语从句） （结果，效果；算出，制定出）
(
知识要点二：语法
)
动词不定式 to do(动词原形),其否定形式是not to do(动词原形)，在句中可以作主语，宾语，宾语补足语，表语，定语及状语等成分。
作主语
To sweep the floor is my duty.打扫地板是我的职责。
如果动词不定式太长，常用it做形式主语，构成结构：It is + adj. for sb to do sth.
作宾语
能接不定式作宾语的动词有：ask, agree, decide, hope, plan, refuse 等词。
动词不定式与名词等词构成复合宾语时，通常要用it作形式宾语，而不定式放后面，如：
I found it easy to learn English.我发现学英语很简单。
作宾语补足语
某些动词在主动式中后接不定式作宾语补足语，这些动词有consider, expect, tell, ask, want, invite等词。They told them to leave the room as soon as possible.
作状语
动词不定式作状语可表示目的，原因及结果等。例如：Come to see me again soon.尽快再来看我。
作表语
动词不定式往往放在系动词后面作表语，例如：
My dream is to be a singer.我的梦想是成为一名歌手。
作定语 动词不定式在名词或不定代词后面作后置定语。
Do you have anything to do tonight 你今晚有什么事情要做吗？
和特殊疑问词连用
不定式前可用what, when, how, where, why, which等疑问词构成不定式短语。
When to start is a problem.什么时候开始时一个问题。
省略to的动词 使役动词let, make, have sb.do sth.
感官动词feel, notice, hear, find, see sb do sth.
【典例分析】
一、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. The man wishes _________ (travel) around the world.
2. Would you like _________ (visit) the Science Museum
3. Please let me _________ (finish) the report first.
4. Why not offer _______ (help) your mother with some housework
5. You can ask Mary ___________ (organize) the party.
6. Nobody wants __________ (suffer) from this disease.
7. They decided _________ (pay) nothing for the terrible meal.
8. We’ll learn __________ (sing) a beautiful English song tomorrow.
9. Who made Little Tom _____ (do) so much work
10. Our Chinese teacher always encourages us ________ (read) more books.
【答案】1.to travel 2.to visit 3.finish 4.to help 5.to organize 6.to suffer 7.to play 8.to sing 9.do 10.to read
(
知识要点三：书面表达
)
【话题分析】
本单元的话题是“提供帮助和做志愿者”，应用文体裁居多，该话题属于中考常考话题之一。主要是叙述自己参与的志愿者活动，提供给别人的帮助，包括应聘到某处做志愿者，会做的志愿者活动，能为别人或者机构提供的帮助等内容。重点考查学生以下能力：
1.掌握并熟练使用表达出活动的要点；
2.会写一些简单的应聘信；
3.清晰表达自己的能力。
【词汇积累】
1.帮助做..... _________________________ 2.打扫_________________________
3.使高兴起来 ________________________ 4.分发食物________________________
5.(外貌或行为)像________________________ 6.制定计划________________________
7.想出...... ________________________ 8.在敬老院上班________________________
9.想办法解决______________________ 10.照顾________________________
11.放弃 ________________________ 12.在.....岁时_____________________
13．参加.....选拔 ______________________ 14.实现________________________
15.对......感兴趣________________________ 16.同时________________________
17.自愿去做..... ________________________ 18.张贴________________________
19.捐赠 ________________________ 20....因......而感谢________________________
21.用光钱 __________________ 22.修理破自行车_________________
23.为无家可归的人筹钱__________________ 24.为帮助残疾人而建立 __________________
25.使得做某事成为可能 ________________ 26.对我的生活产生了影响 _____________________
27.一只经过特殊训练的狗 ________________ 28.对……感到激动 __________________
29.为拥有它而感到幸运__________________ 30.因为你的善良___________________
【答案】1.help to do... 2. clean up 3. cheer up 4.give out food 5.take after 6.make a plan
7. come up with 8. work in an old people’s home 9. help out with 10.care for
11. give up 12.at the age of 13.try out e true 15. be interested in
16.at the same time 17. volunteer to do 18.put up 19. give away 20. thank you for...
21.run out of money 22.repair the broken bike/fix up the broken bike 23.raise money for homeless people 24.be set up to help disabled people 25.make it possible to do sth. 26.make a difference to my life 27.a special trained dog 28.be excited about29.feel lucky to have it 30.because of your kindness
【句型积累】翻译下面句子
1.我想去帮忙打扫市里的公园。
2.我会教孩子们学英语。
3.咱们做些通知吧。
4.我想在敬老院做志愿者。
5.我喜欢读报给他们听。
6.我们应该倾听他们并且照顾他们。
7.我喜欢小动物想成为一名兽医。
8.我得到强烈的满足感当我看见他们主人脸上的喜悦感。
9.能在这做志愿者，我的梦想实现了。
10.我可以做我喜欢做得去帮助别人。
11.帮助别人能给我们带来快乐。
12.我觉得我们最好....
13.在业余时间我喜欢做所以我觉得我擅长这项工作。
14.我强烈想加入....
15.我想在你们的团队里做一名志愿者。
【答案】
1.I’d like to help to clean up the city parks.
2.I can teach kids to learn English.
3.Let’s make some notices.
4.I want to be a volunteer in an old people’s home.
5.I like reading newspaper to them.
6.We should listen to them and care for them.
7.I love animals and want to be an animal doctor.
8.I get such a strong feeling of satisfaction when I see the animals get better and the look of joy on their owners’ faces.
9.Volunteering here is a dream come true.
10.I can do what I love to do and help others at the same time.
11.Helping others can bring us happiness.
12.I think we’d better....
13.In my free time I like to...so I think I’d be good at this job.
14.I’m strong in....
15.I want to help out as a volunteer in your group.
【实战演练】
如今,越来越多的人加入了周末的志愿者队伍,学生是否应该做志愿者工作呢 为此,上周五我对我们班的学生进行了调查,结果如下。请你代写一篇不少于100词的调查报告。
Pros 60% ①一种很好的体验,帮助得到梦想的工作 ②消磨空余时间的好方法,以便于不会花时间做一些无聊的事,如:玩电脑游戏
Cons 40% ①浪费时间,影响学习 ②家长担心结交一些不良朋友 ③年龄小,容易累
我 ……
【答案】
Should students do volunteer work on weekends We did a survey in our class meeting last Friday. Here are the results.
60% of the students think students should do volunteer work on weekends. It is a good experience and it can help students get their dream jobs. Doing volunteer work is a good way to spend their free time so that they won’t spend their time doing some boring things, such as playing computer games. However, others disagree. They think it wastes their time and influences their studies. Some parents also worry that students will make some bad friends. What’s more, students are too young. They may get tired easily.
I think doing volunteer work can open our eyes to the outside world. We can also improve our living skills. It’s good for our future.(135 words)
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the city park.
单元小结
(
知识目录
)
学习目标：提供帮助。能学会提供帮助的一些用语和参加志愿者活动的一些用语，能够读懂
有关志愿者参加志愿服务的语篇。
语法目标：学习不定式的用法。
听说目标：能听懂并谈论提供帮助及志愿者活动的一些用语。
写作目标：能够写出关于提供帮助和志愿者活动的短文。
目录
知识要点一、重点单词，短语及句式
要点1 volunteer的用法 2
要点2 care的用法 3
要点3 own的用法 5
要点4 try，try out 6
要点5 alone和lonely的区别 7
要点6 run out和run out of 8
要点7 give out和give away 9
要点8 notice的用法 11
要点9 similar,take after, look like 12
要点10 put off/put up 14
要点11 such 和so 16
要点12 cheer 17
要点13 satisfaction和satisfy 18
要点14 come true 19
要点15 stop doing和stop to do 20
要点16 raise的用法 22
要点17 homeless构词法 24
要点18 feeling 25
要点19 difficulty 26
要点20 broken的用法 27
要点21 use to do和be used to doing 28
要点22 interest和interested 29
要点23 carry， get， bring，take 30
要点24 重点短语 33
要点25 重点句式 34
知识要点二、语法
要点1 不定式用法 35
知识要点三、书面表达
要点1 话题分析 37
要点2 词汇短语积累 37
要点3句式积累 38
要点4实战演练 39
(
知识要点一、重点单词，短语及句式。
)
【精讲精练】
要点1 volunteer
volunteer n.志愿者 v.（自愿）做
（1）volunteer（vi）for "自愿做，义务做" 后常跟介词in, for
They volunteer for the work in the club.
他们自愿地俱乐部里参加这项工作
（2）volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事
He volunteered to clean up the room after the party.
（3）volunteer n. 志愿者
I want to be a volunteer in the city.
【典例分析】
1. Some ________________ are ________________ their time to help the poor in underdeveloped countries.
A. volunteer; volunteer B. volunteers; volunteering
C. volunteering; volunteers D. volunteers; volunteers
2. My friend Tom volunteered ______________ in the countryside two years ago.
A. to work B. work C. working D. works
要点2 care
care v.关心；担忧；照顾；喜爱；在乎 n.小心；注意；照料
（1）care for "照顾，照料"=look after=take care of
（2） care for 还可意为“非常喜欢”，通常用于否定句或疑问句中
I don't care for basketball.
（3）care about “关心；在意”
Your father truly cares about you.
Careful 和careless
careful是形容词,可用在系动词后作表语,也可用在名词前作定语。口语中提醒别人要小心时常用be careful,意为"当心;小心"。
Be careful--the floor's slippery.小心地板很滑。
careless adj.“粗心的；不小心的”，反义词为careful
固定搭配
be careful about/of...对.....小心
②be careful to do sth,小心做某事
【典例分析】
1. When Bob had the flu, his mother ________ him day and night.
A. found out B. took up
C. cared for D. took away
2. Some students are so _______________ that they often make mistakes in their homework.
A. surprised B. careless C. upset D. excited
3. He often makes _______________ mistakes, because he doesn’t read _______________.
A. careful; carefully B. careless; careful C. careless; carefully D. careful; carelessly
4.注意你的健康 / 请多保重。
_________________your health.
5.她过分讲究衣着。
She ______________her dress.
6.小心！ 那个男人带着一把刀。
___________! The man has a knife.
7.吉姆，小心那条狗。它有时候咬人。
Jim, ________ ________ ________ that dog. It sometimes bites people.
要点3 own
own的用法
（1）作为形容词，意为“自己的”。
He had his own company by 25.他25岁时就有了自己的公司。
（2）作为动词，意为“拥有”。
I want to own a big house with three bedroom.
我想拥有一套三居室的大房子。
（3）其名词为owner,意为“所有权人；主人”。
The wallet must be returned to its owner.
钱包必须归还给它的主人。
辨析of one's own与on one's own
of one's own 意为“（某人）自己的”，一般用作定语。
on one's own 意为“独自”，一般用作状语，相当于by oneself。
【典例分析】
1.他有一座自己的房子，这座房子是去年他独自建的，所以他是该房子的主人。
He has a house __________，and the house was built __________last year，so he is the_________ of the house.
2.It's dangerous for you to go out for a walk in the forest _______at night.
A. on business B.by the way C. on your own D. on the top
3.It’s against the law for him to rush into ________ house without permission.
A.my own private B .him own private
C. his own D. own his private
要点4 try/ try out
try v.试验；尝试；设法；努力 n.尝试
try out “参加......选拔；试用”，当意为“参加......选拔”时常与介词for连用
I'm trying out a new computer.我正在试用一台新电脑
（2）和try有关的短语有：
①try on 意为“试穿”，为“动词+副词”型短语。
②try doing sth. 意为“尝试去做某事”。
③try one’s best to do sth. 意为“尽某人最大努力去做某事”
④have a try 意为“试一试”，其中，try为名词。
【典例分析】
1. ---- Oh, it’s bad. The radio doesn’t work. ---- Didn’t you the radio before you bought it
A. count down B. try out C. tidy up D. point out
2.If you want to buy this dress, you’d better ______ first to make sure it fits you.
A. try it out B. take it off C. tidy it up D. try it on
3.— Do you prepare to _____ for the volunteer job in the hospital
— Yes, I'm ready.
A. hand out B. try out C. put up D. give up
4.我可以试穿一下这件裙子吗？
May I _________ _________ _________ _________
5.让我们尝试着换一种方式解决问题吧。
Let’s_________ ________ the problem in another way.
6.本学期我会尽力学好物理。
I’ll ________ __________ _________ ________ learn physics well this term.
= I’ll ___________ ___________learn physics well this term.
7.去尝试一下，不要害羞。
Just ________ ________ __________ Don’t be shy.
8.我刚才买了一部新手机，我正在试用它。
I bought a new mobile phone just now. I am_________ ________ __________.
要点5 alone与lonely的区别：
(1) alone既可作形容词，又可作副词,意为“单独的/地，独自的/地”，没有感彩。
(2) lonely只作为形容词，意为“孤独的，寂寞的”，具有感彩。
He lived alone after his wife left，so he was very lonely .
他妻子离开后，他一个人生活，所以他很孤独。
alone & lonely
Alone 作为形容词，意为“单独的；独自的”，在句中常作表语。作为副词，意为“单独；独自”。 Kevin is alone at home. 凯文独自在家。
Lonely 作为形容词，意为“孤独的；荒凉的”，常用来描述人的内心状态。 一言辨异： Although the old man lives alone, he never feels lonely. 虽然老人独自一人生活，但是从来不感到孤独。
【典例分析】
1．The old man lives ______，but he doesn't feel ______．
A．lonely；lonely B．alone；alone C．lonely；alone D．alone；lonely
2. Her grandparents live in a big house, but they don’t feel .
A. lonely; alone B. alone; lonely C. lonely; lonely D. alone; alone
3.Though the old man lived______, he didn’t feel______.
A. alone; alone B. lonely; lonely
C. alone; lonely D. lonely; alone
4.The old man lives in a ____________place ____________. He feels ___________ because he doesn’t have any sons or daughters.（用alone，lonely填空）
5. His grandparents live ________ in a small house, but they don't feel ________.
A. lonely; alone B. alone; lonely C. lonely; lonely D. alone; alone
要点6 run
run out of 主语通常是“人”的名词，也可用于某种能消耗物品的机器，意为“用完....”相当use up
（1）run out of 也可表示“从......跑出来"
The dog ran out of the room.
（2）run out 意为“用尽，耗尽”，其主语通常是被使用的事物，其后不接宾语。
His water soon ran out.
【典例分析】
1. —Jack, I think we need to buy a new car.
—Oh, no! We are ________________ out of money, you know
A. trying B. going C. getting D. running
2. 他的钱用完了。
His money ________ _________.
3. 他用完了他的钱。
He __________ ________ ________ his money.
要点7 give out/ give away/hand out
give out =hand out分发(v. +adv) give out sth to sb. 分….给某人
give out 发出（光，热，声音等）/用完，耗尽
The sun gives out light and heat.
Our supplies are giving out.
give away意为“赠送;捐赠”，动副短语
The old man gives away some books to the poor children every year.
Give 构成的短语
give in 屈服 give back=return 归还
give a speech 发表讲话 give a report作报告
give sb. a call 给……打电话 give away to赠送给
give off发出（气体、热量、气味等） give sb. a hand =help sb. 帮助某人
give up放弃 give sb. sth = give sth to sb. 给某人某物
【典例分析】
1.—Do you think it’s popular to ________ red envelopes（红包）on Wechat during festivals
—Yes. But I prefer giving gifts to my family member.
A．give out B．give away C．give back D．give up
2.—Can you help ________ the exercise books to the class, Jack
—Sure, I’ll do it.
A．care for B．give up C．put on D．hand out
4. —What are you packing so many books for, Grandma
—I’ll ______ to the kids in West China.
A. give them up B. give them away
C. give them off D. give them in
5. —It’s too hard for me to be a trail walker.
—Never______. Believe in yourself!
A. put up B. give up C. hurry up D. look up
6 In the song I Bet My Life, the US rock band Imagine Dragon tells people never to ______ catching their dreams.
A. give up B. give out C. give in D. give off
7.我弟弟已经决定放弃跳舞。
My brother has decided to __________ ___________ _____________.
要点8 notice
Notice n.注意；布告 v．注意
【重点】notice的用法
notice sb./sth. 注意到某人/某物 eg：I noticed a big hole on the floor. 我发现地板上有个大洞。
notice＋that从句 注意…… eg：I notice that you like reading. 我注意到你喜欢读书。
notice sb. do sth. 注意到某人做了某事 I noticed him enter the teacher's office.
notice sb. doing sth. 注意到某人正在做某事 I noticed that boy copying others' homework.
【拓展】notice作名词时，意为“布告，通告”。
例：There is a notice about our school in front of the classroom building.
在教学楼前有一则关于我们学校的通知。
【典例分析】
1.—Did you notice someone ________ the meeting room just now
—Sorry, I was making a phone call.
A．to leave B．leaves C．left D．leave
2.—Last night at 7 the little boy noticed a thief ________ in the supermarket.
A．steal B．to steal C．steal D．stealing
3.He saw his mother___________(do)housework when he got up earlier.
4. I often see her ____________(dance) in the park.
5. Did you see them _________ TV just now
A. to watch B. watching C. watched D. watches
要点9 similar /take after/ look like
similar作形容词，意为“相似的”。be similar to…意为“与……相似，接近”，一般用在相近似的物
品和情境的对比上。例如：
His problem is similar to yours. 他的问题和你的相似。
I guess it may be similar to the Hindu culture. 我猜想，这可能接近于印度文化。
【拓展】
（1）look like意为“看起来像……” 。应用范围最广，除了描述人、物之外，也能抽象表达事件或现象。例如：
He looks like a famous movie star. 他看起来像一个电影明星。
It looks like it’s going to rain soon. 天看起来要下雨。
（2）take after 最常见的是用在有血缘关系的亲子之间，外貌用的最多，也能够用在性格脾气这些内在特质上。例如：
She took after her mother almost in everything. 她几乎与她母亲一模一样。
Adam was my grandfather and I took after him. 亚当是我的祖父，我和他很相像。
【典例分析】
1.—Can you tell the difference between these two pictures
—The difference Oh, no. They look quite .
A. similar B. different C. strange D. interesting
2. Dona is ________ to her mother in many ways. For example, they are both tall and thin.
A. different B. kind C. friendly D. similar
3. Alice has the same taste of clothes as I and her clothes are __________________ mine.
A. interested in B. similar to
C. popular with D. different from
4.他长得像他父亲
He__________ _______ his father
5. 他看起来像他父亲
He__________ _______ his father
要点10
put off doing sth. 推迟做某事
Don’t put off till tomorrow what should be done today.
（1）put up 是由“动词+副词”构成的动词短语，意为“张贴；公布”。例如:
The principal put up the exam result. 校长公布了这次考试的结果。
（2）put up 意为“提高；增加；抬高(租金、价格等)”。例如 ：
My landlord was threatening to put the rent up by 10 dollars a week.
我房东要挟说要把每周房租提高10美元。
Put构成的短语
put up挂；张贴；公布；举起；搭起；
put off 推迟 put away 收起来
put on 穿上；戴上；体重上升 put down 放下
put up with 忍受 put out 扑灭；熄灭
【典例分析】
1.—Jason, would you please this notice
—With pleasure.
put on B. put off C. put up D. put out
2. Tony bought a photo of his favourite sports star and________ on his bedroom wall.
A. gave it up B. found it out
C. looked it through D. put it up
3. — How heavily it is raining!
— What a pity! We have to ________ our sports meeting.
A. put off B. put out C. put on D. put up
4.The exam is over and results will be on Friday afternoon.
A. put down B. put off C. put up D. put away
5. You needn’t go to the guitar lesson tomorrow. The teacher ________.
A. put off it B. put it off
C. fixed up it D. fixed it up
要点11 Such与so
二者都表示程度，意为“如此;这样”，其区别为
词条 词性 用法 常用结构
such 形容词 修饰名词 such a/an +形容词+可数名词单数 no/any/ some/ all/ many 等+such+名词 such+形容词+可数名词复数 such +形容词+ 不可数名词
so 程度 副词 修饰形容词或副词 so+ 形容词+a/an + 可数名词复数 so+ many/few +可数名词复数 so+ much/little+不可数名词
【典例分析】
3.Santaishan Forest Park is __________ beautiful that it has become a hot tourist attraction.
A. so B. very C. such D. quite
4. I’ve had _______ many falls that I am black and blue all over.
A. so B. such C. too D. very
4. I don’t think I can finish the work in ________ a short time.
A. so B. such C. very D. too
5. The camera is _______ expensive _______ I can’t afford it.
A. so; that B. such; that C. too; to D. enough; to
6. It was ______ yesterday that they went out for a picnic.
a such fine day B. such a fine day C. so a fine day D. a so fine day
要点12 cheer
（1）cheer 作不及物动词，意为“欢呼；喝彩”。例如：
We couldn’t help cheering when we won the final.
当我们赢得决赛时我们不禁欢呼起来。
（2）cheer...up 意为“使……高兴起来；使……振奋起来”。例如：
The whole audience stood up and cheered them up.
所有的观众全部起立并大声欢呼。
Let’s cheer him up.让我们使他振奋起来。
（3）cheer on意为“为……加油；为……打气”。
We all cheered them on loudly. 我们大声地为他们加油。
【典例分析】
1. ! It's not the end of the world. Let's try again.
A. Put up B. Set up C. Cheer up D. Pick up
2.—My best friend went abroad. I miss her and feel down today.
—Don’t be sad. Here is good news for you .
cheer up B. cheering up C. cheered up D.to cheer up
3. Dave failed in the singing competition. He’s very sad now. Let’s go to ________.
A．wake him up B．cheer him up C．pick him up D．take him up
4. —I find that I am unlucky today.
—______________________. Everything will be OK.
A. What’s wrong B. It’s bad. C. Cheer up! D. What would you do
要点13 satisfaction 和satisfy
satisfaction用作不可数名词，意为“满意;满足”。
She smiled in satisfaction.
Satisfy v.使满意；满足
Your plan will not satisfy everyone. 你的计划不会让每个人都满意。
satisfy为动词，后接名词或代词作宾语。satisfy sb.意为“使某人满意”。
His homework satisfies the teacher. 他的作业让老师很满意。
形容词：satisfied和satisfying
be satisfied with... 意为“对……感到满意”与be happy with， be pleased with 同义。
I am satisfied with your explanation．我对你的解释感到满意。
satisfied 形容词 满足的 常用来修饰或描述人
satisfying 形容词 令人满足的 常用来修饰或描述事物
【典例分析】
1.得知彼得找到了一份令人满意的工作，他的父母感到很满意。
Peter's parents are ___________ to know that he has found a ____________job.
2.Mr. Green is very happy because he is satisfied with his students' work today. (同义改写)
= Mr. Green is very happy because he his students' work today
= Mr. Green is very happy because he his students' work today
3.They are very ________ with the results of the survey.
A. satisfy B. satisfies C. satisfied D. to satisfy
4.If something you, it gives you what you want or need to make you happy.
A. leaves B. counts C. forgets D. satisfies
5. Linda gets great ________ from helping others, so she’s always ready to give others a helping hand.
A. discussion B. satisfaction
C. preparation D. prediction
要点14
come true意为“实现;成为现实”，其主语常为梦想、愿望或目标等。
I've always wanted to visit Beijing, so going there on vacation next week will be a dream come true for me.
His dream of becoming a teacher came true.
是否接宾语 用法
achieve 是 主语一般为“人”
come true 否 主语一般是“梦想；理想”
【典例分析】
1. If we Chinese work hard together, China Dream will ________.
A. come out B. come true C. achieve D. come on
2. He wants to be a pilot. I think his dream will _____ in the future.
A. come in B. come out C. come over D. come true
2.恐怕他的愿望很难实现。
I’m afraid his wish won’t __________ __________easily.
I’m afraid he won’t ___________ __________ _________easily.
3. Even a small success can give you a sense of ______________ (achieve) .
要点15
stop的后面可以用动词不定式也可以用动名词作宾语。stop doing表示“停止正在做的事情”；stop to do表示“停下来开始做”的意思。例如：
Now let’s stop reading. 现在咱们停止读书。
Our teacher stopped to look at the boy. 老师停下来看了看那个男孩。
（2）stop还可以构成短语stop somebody/something from doing something表示“阻止某人做某事或者阻止某事发生”。例如：
The trees and grasses can stop the wind from blowing the earth away.
树和草可以阻止风把土吹走。
【典例分析】
1.那场大雪使他未能来我们的聚会。
The heavy snow _____________ __________ __________ __________ to our party.
2.The heavy rain stopped them _______ home on time.
A. return B. returning C. returned D. to return
3. You look tired, you must________.
A. stops to work B. stopped working C. stop to work D. stop working
4. In the end, we felt tired, so we stopped ______ a rest.
A. having B. to have C. had D. have
5.请停止说话，咱们开始上课。
Please _________ _____________. Let’s start the lesson.
6大雨使我们踢不了球。
The heavy rain ___________ us ___________ ___________ football.
7.我们必须阻止人们砍伐树林。
We must ___________people _____________ ____________ down trees.
要点16 raise
1）raise是及物动词，意为“举起,抬起”。例如：
He raised his glass and said，“Your health, Carl.”
他举起了杯子说道：“祝你健康,卡尔” 。
If you want to ask a question, first raise your hand.
如果你要问问题，请先举手。
（2）raise还表示“招募，筹集”。例如：
They are going to raise funds for the school buildings.
他们将为盖校舍筹集资金。
The foolish prince raised an army against his father.
那个愚蠢的王子招募军队反对他的父亲。
（3）raise还表示“提高（音量、某种水平）” 提出，养育。例如：
The ticket price was raised to 30 yuan. 票价上升到了30元。
The speaker raised his voice so that we could hear him.
演讲者提高了声音，以便我们都能听到。
搭配
raise crops 种庄稼
raise a building 造起一座房子
raise a cloud of dust 扬起一片尘土
raise one's voice 提高嗓音
raise funds 筹集资金
raise a question 提出问题
raise the flag 升旗
【重难点】辨析raise与rise
rise 不及物动词，主要指自然物的升高，比如：太阳的升起、涨水、月亮的升起、价格的上涨等 In summer，the temperature sometimes rises as high as 39°C.在夏天，气温有时高达39°C。
raise 及物动词，主要指举起，抬高 She raised her hand before answering the question.回答问题前，她举起了手。
【典例分析】
1. 用raise, rise的正确形式完成下列句子。
（1）He __________ and walked to the window.
（2）He ______ his hat to me as a sign of respect.
（3）The people’s living standard has greatly been ______.
（4）Her temperature is still ______.
2根据汉语意思完成句子
（1）月亮已经从山上升起。
The moon ________ ________ above the hills.
（2）老板答应要给她加薪水。
The boss promised ________ _________her salary.
3.As the curtain________， the famous singer came out. The fans________ and screamed with excitement.
A．was raised; rose B．had been raised; were raised
C．rose; were raised D．had risen; raised
4.Many people complain that some of KFCs in China ________ the price of a hamburger by one yuan.
A．rose B．raised C．dropped D．controlled
5. They the glasses between two peoples last year.
A. rise B. raise C. rose D. raised
6.-How did your class raise money for the poor old man in hospital
-We organized a book fair on the playground and sold some books and CDs .(同义句替换)
A. collect B. put up C. spend
7. 太阳从东边升起，从西边落下。
要点17 homeless
homeless用作形容词，意为“无家可归的”，是由“名词 home+-less构成的。英语中，后缀-less
表示否定意义，意为“没有;无”，“某些名词+less构成形容词，是英语中的一种构词法。
hope希望→ hopeless无望的
use用处→ useless无用的
meaning意义→ meaningless毫无意义的
care谨慎→ careless粗心的
【知识链接】
-less是最常见的含否定意义的英语后缀之一，它附在名词或动词之后主要构成形容词，有时也构成副词。
homeless 无家可归的 helpless 无助的 useless 没用的
nameless 莫名的 voiceless 无声的 endless 无尽的 colorless 暗淡的
【典例分析】
1. Jack failed the maths exam again. He felt ________ and wanted to give up.
A. helpful B. successful C. careless D. hopeless
2. He failed his job interview again, and he felt really ________ ( with no hope) about the future.
3.We tried to stop the fire from spreading，but we knew it was ．（help）
要点18 feeling
1.feeling n. 意为“感觉; 直觉; 看法”。
拓展： feelings作名词, 还意为“情感; 感情”, 常用复数形式。
常用短语：hurt one’s feelings 伤害某人感情;
consider the feelings of… 考虑……的感情。
2.feel用作连系动词，意为“感到，感觉”，后跟sorry，tired，afraid，happy，excited等形容词。
I feel very tired today. 今天我感到非常累。
【典例分析】
1.I've lost all ________ in my legs.
A．head B．thought C．words D．feeling
2.—How do you feel when you see these pictures
—Well, I have a strange ________.
A. skill B. feeling C. dream D. relationship
3. —I got a ______ that the other classmates don't like me.
—It's not what you think. They are just too busy to talk with you.
A. feeling B. decision C. difficulty D. satisfaction
要点19
difficulty n. 意为“困难; 困境; 难事”。
difficulty 作抽象的“困难”讲时，是不可数名词；表示具体意义的“困难(如难事、难题)” 时，是可数名词。
difficult，形容词。困难的
常用短语： have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth. 在做某事方面有困难。
have difficulty with sth 在某方面有困难
【典例分析】
1. Mr. Li says we can ask him for help if we have any ________.
A. excuses B. difficulty C. information D. programmes
2.I had great difficulty the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.
A. find B. found C. to find D. finding
3. — I have some __________________ in learning English. Could you help me with it
—Sure, I’d love to.
A. differences B. interest C. kindness D. difficulties
4.我们费了好大劲才找到你的房子。
We had a lot of _______________ in __________ your house
要点20 broken
broken是形容词，意为“打破的；碎了的；坏了的”。例如：
The room whose window is broken is our classroom.
那个窗户坏了的房间是我们的教室。
broken还可作为动词break的过去分词，break的过去式为broke。例如：
Be careful, or you’ll break the cup.小心，否则你会打碎杯子。
A thief had broken the window of my uncle’s house before we got there.
在我们到达之前一个小偷已经打破了我叔叔家的窗户。
【拓展】break的相关固定搭配：
（1）break down 意为“(机器)坏了；（计划、谈判）失败；（谈话、通讯）中断等”。
We are sorry to arrive late, because the car broke down.
很抱歉我们来晚了，由于车坏了。
Negotiations between the two sides have broken down. 双方的谈判已经破裂。
（2）break into 表示“破门而入；打断（谈话）”。
I caught two men trying to break into the office. 我瞧见两个人想闯入我的办公室。
（3）break out 表示“（战争、瘟疫、火灾等）爆发 ”。
World War II broke out in September 1939. 第二次世界大战爆发于1939年9月。
【典例分析】
1. —Does Jimmy often volunteer in his free time
—Yes. He often fixes up __________________computers for others.
A. sick B. fallen C. broken D. weak
2. His race car ________ halfway. He had to give up the race.
A．broke out B．broke into C．broke up D．broke down
3.There are lots of ________ bottles on the road.
A．break B．broke C．broken D．breaking
要点21
used to do sth. 过去常常做某事，意思是现在不做了，主语常是人，当然也可以是能实施动作的动物等。 I used to get up early and took an hour's walk before breakfast. 我过去常常起床很早并且在早餐前散步一小时。
be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事，主语也通常是人，但是也可以是能实施动作的动物等。“get used to doing sth.”相当于“be used to doing sth.”。 He is/gets used to living like this. 他习惯了这样生活。
be used for doing sth. 被用于做某
be used to do sth. 被用于做某事
【典例分析】
1. My grandparents used to__________ in a small village, and now they aren’t used to_________ in the big city.
A. live; living B. live; live C. living; live D. living; living
2.John _________with a knife but now he _________with chopsticks after living in Beijing for several months.
A. used to eat; is used to eat B. used to eating; gets used to eat
C. used to eat; is used to eating D. was used to eating; is used to eat
2.用 used to 和 be used to 的适当形式填空。
1. My uncle _____________ live in a big city， but he _________________ living in a village now.
2. I _________________ get up late when I was in the middle school.
3. The child _________________ watch too much TV at night. So he has poor eyesight now.
4. We students ___________________ doing morning exercises every day.
5. There _______________ be a beautiful park.
要点22 interested/interest
interest的用法
（1）作为名词，意为“兴趣；爱好”。其同义词为hobby。
Different people have different interests.
不同的人有着不同的兴趣爱好。
（2）作为及物动词，意为“使感兴趣”，主语通常是人。
The novel interests me a lot.这本小说让我很感兴趣。
（3）拓展：常用于以下固定搭配中
① have/show (great/much) interest in... 意为“对……有着/表现出(浓厚的)兴趣”
The boy showed much interest in science when he was five.
男孩儿五岁时就对科学产生了浓厚的兴趣。
②with interest 意为“感兴趣地”
The students were watching the little animals with interest.
学生们饶有兴致地看着那些小动物。
③ be interested in (doing) sth. 意为“对（做）某事感兴趣”
Almost everyone is interested in stories.
几乎所有人都对故事感兴趣。
interest 可以作名词,意为“兴趣;爱好”,也可以作动词,意为“使感兴趣”
interesting 作形容词,意为“有趣的;令人感兴趣的”,常用来修饰事或物
interested 作形容词,意为“感兴趣的”,常用来修饰人。be/become/get interested
in...意为“对……感兴趣”
【典例分析】
1．My friend Jack has an _______ hobby．He is _______ in old newspapers．
A．interesting；interesting B．interested；interested
C．interesting；interested D．interested；interesting
2 The________ show on Zhejiang TV, Running Man, makes lots of people ________.
A. interesting；relaxing B. interesting；relaxed
C. interested；relaxed D. interest；relax
3.David visited lots of_________ in the world.
A. places of interesting B. places of interest C. place of interests D. place of interesting
4.National Treasure quickly rose to the top rating ranks after it was aired on CCTV. It means a growing ________ in traditional culture among China’s youth.
A. interest B. direction C. habit D. dream
5.我对学英语不感兴趣。
I_________ ________ ________ _________ ________English.
= I_________ ________ ________ _________ ________English.
要点23 carry的用法
carry意为“提、扛、搬、携带”，意思较多，但没有方向性
辨析get, bring, take与carry
（1）get意为“去拿来”，强调“来回过程”
（2）take意为“带走”，指把某物或某人从说话的地方带到另一个地方去，也可以说是“由近及远”，常和介词to构成搭配。例如：
You can take this book home. 你可以把这本书带回家。
Can you help me take the books to the classroom
你能帮我把这些书带到教室去吗？
（3）bring意为“带来，拿来”，指把某物或某人从另一个地方带到说话的地方来，也可以说是“由远及近”。 例如：
Bring me your dictionary tomorrow. 明天把你的词典给我拿来。
get 有一个过程，表示“去拿”
bring 靠近说话地点，意为“拿来；带来”
take 远离说话地点，意为“拿走；带走”
carry 表示携带的动作，不说明方向，意为“搬；扛；提”
【典例分析】
1.用get take bring或carry的适当形式填空
(1)My teacher asked me to go to her office to ________ the notebooks for her.
(2) I asked Lily to _________me an English book, but she brought me a Chinese book, so I asked her to ________ it back to the teacher's office.
(3)Will you please ______ the child to his mother
(4). Next time don’t forget to ______ me a copy of your work.
(5). Please ______ the letter to the post office.
(6). The box is too heavy for Joe to ______.
2．—I don't know where Xingfu Restaurant is.
—There's a map in my car over there. Let me________ it for you.
A．take B．bring C．get D．carry
3.Could you__________ me some water I need it to water these flowers.
A. get B. carry C. take D. bring
4.Could you ______ these books to the classroom
A. put B. take C. bring D. make
【重点词组】
1.clean up 打扫（或清除）干净
2.cheer up （使）变得更高兴；振奋起来
3.give out 分发；散发
4.used to 曾经....；过去......
5.give away 赠送；捐赠
6.set up 建起；设立
7.make a difference 影响；有作用 make a difference to对......产生影响 to 为介词）
make no difference to “对......没有影响” （to 为介词）
8.come up with 想出；提出
9.put off 推迟
10.put up 张贴；搭建；举起
11.call up 打电话给（某人）；征召
12.help out 帮助......摆脱困境
13.care for 照顾；非常喜欢
14.try out 参加......选拔；试用
e true 实现
16.take after（外貌或行为）像
17.fix up 修理；装饰
18.be similar to 与......相似
19.be strong in 擅长
20.work out fine 奏效
21.a dream come true 梦想成真
22.at the same time 同时（一定有the)
23.raise money for “为......筹钱”
24.be excited about 对.....感到兴奋、激动
25.make plans to do sth.制订计划做某事
26.help sb. out “帮助某人摆脱困境；帮助某人解决难题”
27.make it possible for sb. to do 使得做某事对某人来说成为可能
28.hope to do sth. 希望做某事
【重点句式】
1.The girl could visit the sick kids in the hospital to cheer them up.
这个女孩在医院看望了患病的孩子们
2.The girl could volunteer in an after school study program to teach kids.
这个女孩能自愿加入课后计划组织去教孩子们。
3.We need to come up with a plan to tell people about the city park clean-up.
我们需要制定一个计划去告诉人们有关市公园清洁日。need to do sth需要干什么
4.Clean-Up Day is only two weeks from now. We can’t put off making a plan.
清洁日距现在只有两周，我们不能推迟计划。
5.We could put up signs.我们可以张贴标语。
6.Let’s make some notices, too. Then I’ll hand them out after school.
让咱们制作一些通知。然后放学后分发它们。
7.We could each call up 10 students and ask them to come.
我们每人可以给10个同学打电话并叫他们来。
8.I’m making some plans to work in an old people’s home this summer.
这个夏天我正制定计划去敬老院工作。
9.What did they ask you to help out with 他们叫你帮助什么？
10.but I want to learn more about how to care for animals.
我想了解更多照料动物的知识。（特殊疑问词how + to do作about宾语）
11.I get such a strong feeling of satisfaction when I see the animals get better and the look of joy on their owners’ faces.当我看到动物更健康和主人脸上高兴的笑容时，我就有这样一种强烈的满足感。
12.She could read by herself at the age of four.=when she was four years old.
当她四岁时就独自会看书了。
13.she decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program.
她决定参加课后阅读计划自愿者竞赛。
14.The kids are sitting in the library, but you can see in their eyes that they’re going on a different journey with each new book.
孩子们虽然坐在图书馆里，但是从他们的眼神中你能明白他们将在每本新书中不同的旅行。
15.Volunteering here is a dream come true for me.
这儿的自愿服务工作多我来说已是梦想成真。
16.I can do what I love to do and help others at the same time.
我干我热爱干的工作同时帮助别人。
17.You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky.
你帮助拥有幸运儿对我来说成为可能。
18.Lucky makes a big difference to my life.
幸运儿对我的生活起重要作用
19.I love animals and I was excited about the idea of having a dog.
我喜欢动物并且因过去拥有狗的想法而感到激动。
20.The ideas that he came up with worked out fine.
他提出的办法效果不错。（that定语从句） （结果，效果；算出，制定出）
(
知识要点二：语法
)
动词不定式 to do(动词原形),其否定形式是not to do(动词原形)，在句中可以作主语，宾语，宾语补足语，表语，定语及状语等成分。
作主语
To sweep the floor is my duty.打扫地板是我的职责。
如果动词不定式太长，常用it做形式主语，构成结构：It is + adj. for sb to do sth.
作宾语
能接不定式作宾语的动词有：ask, agree, decide, hope, plan, refuse 等词。
动词不定式与名词等词构成复合宾语时，通常要用it作形式宾语，而不定式放后面，如：
I found it easy to learn English.我发现学英语很简单。
作宾语补足语
某些动词在主动式中后接不定式作宾语补足语，这些动词有consider, expect, tell, ask, want, invite等词。They told them to leave the room as soon as possible.
作状语
动词不定式作状语可表示目的，原因及结果等。例如：Come to see me again soon.尽快再来看我。
作表语
动词不定式往往放在系动词后面作表语，例如：
My dream is to be a singer.我的梦想是成为一名歌手。
作定语 动词不定式在名词或不定代词后面作后置定语。
Do you have anything to do tonight 你今晚有什么事情要做吗？
和特殊疑问词连用
不定式前可用what, when, how, where, why, which等疑问词构成不定式短语。
When to start is a problem.什么时候开始时一个问题。
省略to的动词 使役动词let, make, have sb.do sth.
感官动词feel, notice, hear, find, see sb do sth.
【典例分析】
一、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. The man wishes _________ (travel) around the world.
2. Would you like _________ (visit) the Science Museum
3. Please let me _________ (finish) the report first.
4. Why not offer _______ (help) your mother with some housework
5. You can ask Mary ___________ (organize) the party.
6. Nobody wants __________ (suffer) from this disease.
7. They decided _________ (pay) nothing for the terrible meal.
8. We’ll learn __________ (sing) a beautiful English song tomorrow.
9. Who made Little Tom _____ (do) so much work
10. Our Chinese teacher always encourages us ________ (read) more books.
(
知识要点三：书面表达
)
【话题分析】
本单元的话题是“提供帮助和做志愿者”，应用文体裁居多，该话题属于中考常考话题之一。主要是叙述自己参与的志愿者活动，提供给别人的帮助，包括应聘到某处做志愿者，会做的志愿者活动，能为别人或者机构提供的帮助等内容。重点考查学生以下能力：
1.掌握并熟练使用表达出活动的要点；
2.会写一些简单的应聘信；
3.清晰表达自己的能力。
【词汇积累】
1.帮助做..... _________________________ 2.打扫_________________________
3.使高兴起来 ________________________ 4.分发食物________________________
5.(外貌或行为)像________________________ 6.制定计划________________________
7.想出...... ________________________ 8.在敬老院上班________________________
9.想办法解决______________________ 10.照顾________________________
11.放弃 ________________________ 12.在.....岁时_____________________
13．参加.....选拔 ______________________ 14.实现________________________
15.对......感兴趣________________________ 16.同时________________________
17.自愿去做..... ________________________ 18.张贴________________________
19.捐赠 ________________________ 20....因......而感谢________________________
21.用光钱 __________________ 22.修理破自行车_________________
23.为无家可归的人筹钱__________________ 24.为帮助残疾人而建立 __________________
25.使得做某事成为可能 ________________ 26.对我的生活产生了影响 _____________________
27.一只经过特殊训练的狗 ________________ 28.对……感到激动 __________________
29.为拥有它而感到幸运__________________ 30.因为你的善良___________________
【句型积累】翻译下面句子
1.我想去帮忙打扫市里的公园。
2.我会教孩子们学英语。
3.咱们做些通知吧。
4.我想在敬老院做志愿者。
5.我喜欢读报给他们听。
6.我们应该倾听他们并且照顾他们。
7.我喜欢小动物想成为一名兽医。
8.我得到强烈的满足感当我看见他们主人脸上的喜悦感。
9.能在这做志愿者，我的梦想实现了。
10.我可以做我喜欢做得去帮助别人。
11.帮助别人能给我们带来快乐。
12.我觉得我们最好....
13.在业余时间我喜欢做所以我觉得我擅长这项工作。
14.我强烈想加入....
15.我想在你们的团队里做一名志愿者。
【实战演练】
如今,越来越多的人加入了周末的志愿者队伍,学生是否应该做志愿者工作呢 为此,上周五我对我们班的学生进行了调查,结果如下。请你代写一篇不少于100词的调查报告。
Pros 60% ①一种很好的体验,帮助得到梦想的工作 ②消磨空余时间的好方法,以便于不会花时间做一些无聊的事,如:玩电脑游戏
Cons 40% ①浪费时间,影响学习 ②家长担心结交一些不良朋友 ③年龄小,容易累
我 ……
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
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