中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 3 Could you please clean your room？
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知识目录
)单元小结
学习目标：家务琐事与许可，礼貌地提出要求，礼貌向别人征询许可。
语法目标：学习情态动词could表达许可。
听说目标：能听懂并谈论听家务琐事，礼貌提岀请求和征询许可的听力材料的对话。
写作目标：能够写出观点辩论Children should or shouldn’t do some chores at home小短文。
目录
知识要点一、重点单词，短语及句式
要点1invite的用法 练习
要点2 borrow lend和keep表示“借”用法区别 练习
要点3 waste 的用法 练习
要点4 depend，dependence，independent的用法 练习
要点5 句式：the +比较级，the +比较级 练习
要点6 pass 和past用法及区别 练习
要点7 drop的用法 练习
要点8 when和while的用法 练习
要点9 in order to 的用法 练习
要点10 welcome用法 练习
要点11 as…as用法及as soon as 练习
要点12 since用法 练习
要点13 provide和offer区别 练习
要点14 neither用法及拓展 练习
要点15 重点短语 15
要点16重点句式 16
知识要点二、语法
要点 情态动词could的用法 17
知识要点三、书面表达
要点1 话题分析 19
要点2 词汇短语积累 19
要点3句式积累 20
要点4实战演练 21
(
知识要点一、重点单词，短语及句式。
)
【精讲精练】
要点1 invite
invite是及物动词，意为“邀请”，常用于下列结构：
1）invite sb. 邀请某人 例如：
Do you invite the friends in Beijing 你邀请北京的朋友了吗？
2）invite sb. to some place邀请某人去某地 例如：
Why don’t you invite them to our school 为什么不邀请他们来我们学校？
3）invite sb. to dinner邀请某人吃饭 例如：
Li Lin often invites me to dinner. 李林经常邀请我吃饭。
4）invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事 例如：
We invited our parents to come to our party. 我们邀请我们的父母来参加聚会。
invitation
1）invitation作名词,意为“邀请”时,是不可数名词;意为“请柬;邀请书”时,是可数名词,常与介词to连用,其复数形式为invitations。例如:
I received an invitation to the party.我收到了参加聚会的请柬。
【典例分析】
1. Harry invited me ________ with him when his parents were out of town.
A. stay B. stayed C. staying D. to stay
2.—Have you got Kathy's __________to her concert
—Yes. I'd like to go and enjoy it.
A. invention B. instruction C. invitation D. introduction
3.我们邀请她和我们一起吃感恩节晚餐。(完成句子)
We__________ her__________ _______Thanksgiving dinner with us.
4. 我经常邀请她到我家。
I often________ _______ _______my home.
5. “I can't miss this chance！” She waved the ________ (invite).
要点2 borrow; lend和keep
borrow是“借进”，即说话人向别人借东西供自己用，常用于borrow sth. from sb. / somewhere结构
意为“从某人/某地借来某物”。例如：
He borrowed a lot of money from the bank. 他从银行借了很多钱。
lend是“借出”，即说话人把自己的东西借给别人用，常用于lend sth. to sb. 或lend sb. sth.结构中，
意为“借给某人某物”。
I don’t like to lend my TV set to Tom. 我不想把电视机借给Tom。
(3) keep 意为“保存”，是延续性动词，borrow是瞬间动词，如果与一段时间连用，要用keep代替borrow。例如：
Can I keep the book a little longer 我借这本书的时间能长点吗？
【典例分析】
1、用borrow, lend 和keep填空
（1）—Can I________ this book
—Yes, but you mustn’t ________ it to others.
（2）He a car from his friend , and went to the airport in a hurry.
（3）I have __________ the book for two weeks. I will return it to the library this afternoon.
2. Linda called to________ my bike just now and she said she would return it to me on Friday morning.
A. lend B. borrow C. fix D. store
3. —How long may I your bike
—For a week. But you mustn’t it to others.
A. borrow; lend B. keep; lend C. lend; borrow D. keep; borrow
4. —Jim, may I ________ your camera
—Sure, but you'd better not________ it to others.
A. lend; lend B. borrow; borrow
C. lend; borrow D. borrow; lend
要点3 waste
（1）waste 作不可数名词，意为“浪费，废物，垃圾”。a waste of意为“浪费……”。
例如： I hate waste. 我讨厌浪费。
It’s a waste of time. 这就是浪费时间。
（2）waste 作形容词，意为“无用的，浪费的，荒废的”。例如：
We shouldn’t throw waste paper about. 我们不应该乱扔废纸。
A factory is pouring waste water into the river. 一家工厂正在向河里倾倒废水。
（3）waste 作及物动词，意为“浪费”。 waste time / money (in)doing / on sth. 表示“在做某事上浪费时间 / 金钱”。
Don’t waste water! 不要浪费水。
【典例分析】
1. After dinner Mum asked me to throw the _______ in the bowls in the bag on the ground.
A. fly B. waste C. sand D. scarf
2.We all need a healthy environment, but we produce every day and it is harmful to our environment.
A. dreams B. trouble C. problems D. waste
3. 妈妈认为玩电脑游戏是浪费时间。
Mum thinks it __________ __________ __________ __________ to play computer games.
4. 这条河流被从工厂流出的废物严重污染。
The river was ___________ __________ __________ __________ from the factory
5. —The latest style of Huawei mobile phones will be on sale. I want to buy one.
—I think you shouldn’t ________ too much money on new mobile phones you don’t need.
A. waste B. put C. share D. give
要点4 depend
1)depend v.视……而定；决定(于)
Whether we start or not depends on the weather.
我们是否开始取决于天气。
2)常用短语depend on意为“依靠”，后接名词或代词，它的主语可以是人也可以是物，但含义不同。
人＋depend(s) on(依靠)；物＋depend(s) on(视……而定)。
The old man depends on his son. 那位老人依靠他的儿子。
Our plan depends on time. 我们的计划取决于时间。
拓展
that depends＝it all depends 那得看情况
independence (u) 独立 --- dependence 依靠
independent adj. 独立的 ---dependent 依靠的
independently adv.独立地 ---dependently 依赖地
【典例分析】
1. —Shall we go for a picnic tomorrow
—Well, it all the weather.
A. gets on B. puts on C. tries on D. depends on
2.—What do you think of the young people today
—They ________ their parents too much. They should stand on their own feet.
A. help with B. depend on C. live on D. agree with
3.We're going to take a trip to Nanjing next week, but that ______ the weather.
A. tries on B. depends on C. looks up D. picks up
4. —How can you be ________ without needing help or advice from other people.
—I believe myself I’m able to do things alone in my own way.
A. independent B. strong C. necessary D. different
要点5 The +比较级……， the +比较级
The more information, the better.（比较级倒装句辨析）
倒装句句型：The +比较级……， the +比较级……：表示“越……，就越……”
The more information, the better. = We get more information, we are better.
The more we do for people, the happier we'll be. ?我们为人民做得越多,就越幸福.?
The more , the better.多多益善.
【典例分析】
1 _______________ you are, _______________ mistakes you will make.
A. The careful; the few B. More careful; fewer
C. The more careful; the fewer D. The most careful; the fewest
2.The ________ you study at your lessons, the ________ grades you will get.
A. hard; good B. harder; good C. hard; better D. harder; better
要点6 pass 和past
pass的用法及与past区别
1.pass作动词,意为“及格;通过(考试或检查)”,指在考试或测验中过关。例如:
She was glad to pass the Chinese exam.通过了语文考试,她很高兴。
2.pass作动词,还可意为“传递;经过”。例如:
Pass the book to me, please.请把那本书递给我。
I pass the shop every day.我每天都经过那家商店。
3.pass作名词,意为“及格;入场证;通行证”。例如:
Here is your pass, Mary.玛丽,这是你的入场证。
4.常见pass短语小结:
pass away消失;去世
pass by走过;(时间)逝去
pass on继续下去
pass sth.to sb.=pass sb. sth.把某物递给某人
past
prep. 用作介词意为“超过;到另一侧;晚于;在……之后”。
adv. 经过
n. 名词“过去 往昔“
adj. 作形容词“过去的，从前的”
词组：in the past
另外希望大家能够区分pass和past，前者是动词，而后者则是介词或副词
【典例分析】
一、指出下列各句‘past’的用法
1.I walk past the farm every day on my way to work
2.I will never forget the past days.
3.We can't change the past.
4.It is half past ten.
5.She ran past with a smile.
6.In the past, life was very hard.
二、完成句子
1.他们穿过了森林。
They _________ __________ the forest.
2.他递给我一支笔。
He passed me a pen. = He passed_______ _______ ________ me.
3.当他获得这个消息时，他继续传递给别人。
When he got the message, he _________it _______ ________ others.
三、请用pass和past填空
He ran ________________ the building.
He _____________ him without a word.
四. He ________ by me but didn't notice me.
A. passes B. past C. passed D. goes past
要点7 drop
（1）作不及物动词，意为“掉下，落下，下降，减弱”。例如：
The apple dropped from the tree to the ground.
苹果从树上掉到地上。
The ball dropped out of his hand.
球从他手里掉了下来。
Prices dropped. 物价下跌了。
（2）作及物动词，意为“使掉下，使落下”。例如：
Mary dropped the vase on the floor. 玛丽失手把花瓶掉在地板上。
（3） 作及物动词，意为“放弃”。例如：
You must drop smoking (the bad habit). 你必须戒烟(戒除这个坏习惯)。
【拓展】
drop in /around探望，串门。例如：
Please drop in to see us if you are in Bradford.
如果你到布拉福特，请顺便来看看我们。
【注意】
drop in(顺便拜访)是不及物动词短语，其后不能接宾语。若语义上需要接宾语，根据情况可用on(针对人)或at(针对地方)。例如：
I thought I’d drop in on you while I was passing.
我曾想路过时就来看看你。
要点8 while 和when
while 连词，意思是“当……的时候”，引导时间状语从句。如：
While she was sleeping , someone knocked at the door. 当她睡觉时，有人敲门。
when 和while 都表示“当……的时候”。when 引导的时间状语从句中，谓语动词可以是延续性动词，也可以是终止性动词，表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生或先后发生。
While引导的时间状语从句中，谓语动词必须是延续性动词，常用进行时态，表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生。When后动词一般用过去式，while后动词一般用过去进行时。
【典例分析】
1.John fell asleep _____ he was listening to the radio.
A. after B. before C. while D. as soon as
2. While we _______ the picnic, it _______ to rain.
A. are having; started B. have; is starting
C. were having; started D. were having; was starting
3. He ______ in Italy when he _______ the accident.
A. travelled; had B. was travelling; had
C. was travelling; was having D. travelled; was having
要点9
in order to 为了，后面加动词原形，表示目的。
We get up early in order to catch the early bus. 我们早起是为了赶上早班车。
in order that 为了，后接从句，作目的状语。
I get up early in order that I can catch the early bus. 我早起是为了赶上早班车。
【典例分析】
1. A lot of famous doctors gathered in Harbin______save “China's most beautiful teacher”
A. so that B. in order to C. in order that D. as a result
2. ________ stop more accidents, we should slow down the driving speed.
A. In order that B. In order to C. Thanks for D. Thanks to
要点10 welcome
welcome词意及用法辨析
(1). welcome：名词“欢迎”，常搭配：give sb a (warm) welcome = give a (warm) welcome to sb
(2). welcome：动词“欢迎”，常搭配：welcome sb to sp欢迎某人来某地
(3). welcome：形容词“受欢迎的”，常搭配：Sth be very welcome.
1. Chinese food is always ___________________ in western countries.
A. interesting B. expensive C. welcome D. awful
2. Lao She Teahouse ___________________ everyone from all over the world.
A. welcome to B. gives a warm welcome C. invite to D. would like
要点11 as…as 和……一样 as soon as
as...as 可用于肯定句和否定句中。as...as 之间只能用形容词或副词的原级。
The boy is as tall as me. 这个男孩和我一样高。
so...as只能用于否定句中。
as soon as的用法
as soon as意为 “一……就……”，引导时间状语从句，如果主句是一般将来时则从句用一般现在时表将来；如果主句是一般过去时则从句也用一般过去时。
【典例分析】
1.Wang Wei speaks English as _____ as Yang Lan. They both study English hard.
good B. well C. better D. best
2. —I wonder whether Brazil will win the match later tonight.
—Go to bed first. I will wake you up as soon as the match ______.
A. starts B. started C. will start D. is starting
3. I’ll go to visit my aunt in England _______ the summer holiday starts.
A. while B. since C. until D. as soon as
要点12 since的用法
（1）作为连词，还可译为“由于；既然”，引导原因状语从句，表示很明显的原因。
1.The young man hasn’t done much exercise since he got a mobile phone.
年青人自从买手机以来，就不做大量运动了。
2. Since everybody is here, let’s begin the meeting.
既然人都齐了，我们就开会吧。
（2）作为介词，意为“自……以来”，后接时间点作时间状语，常用于现在完成时，可以和“for + 时间段”互换。
I have known him since 10 years ago.自从10年前我就认识他了。
= I have known him for 10 years.我认识他已经有10年了。
（2）作为连词，意为“自……以来”,引导时间状语从句，主句常用现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时。
【典例分析】
1.It’s almost eight years we saw each other last time.
A since B. before C. after D. when
2.—How long have you lived here
—________ about 5 years ________ my family moved to the city.
Since; for B. For; since C. For; for D. Since; since
3. The Smiths have lived in the city of Qingdao since________.
A. ten years B. last summer C. they buy a flat D. five months later
4. ______ you’re tired, you’d better stay at home and have a rest.
A. Since B. Or C. Though D. Till
5. — Why didn’t you go to the party — ______ I wasn’t invited.
A. As B. Since C. Because D. So
要点13 provide
provide为及物动词，意为“提供”。provide常与介词with或for连用，provide sb. with sth.表示“为某人提供某物”，其同意表达为 provide sth. for sb.。例如：
Sheep provide us with wool. =Sheep provide wool for us.羊供给我们羊毛。
The Sun provides us with light and heat.太阳给我们提供光和热。
辨析：offer，provide与supply
offer 1）给予，提供(有主观上愿意供给的意思)。 He offered me a glass of wine. 他端给我一杯酒。 2）愿意，试图(做某事)；提议[+to do] They offered to help me. 他们表示愿意帮助我。 3）offer还有“出价，给工资”的意思。 We offered him the calculator for $50. 这计算器我们向他开价五十美元。
provide 1）作及物动词，“提供装备，供给”。 provide sb. with sth.= provide sth. for sb.为某人提供某物 She managed to provide her children with food and clothing. 她设法使她的孩子有饭吃，有衣穿。 2）作不及物动词，“抚养，赡养”(+for) He tried to earn more money to provide for a large family. 他设法多挣钱以供养一个大家庭。
supply 作及物动词，“供给，供应；补充，满足”，其后常用介词to，for和with。 We supply power to the three nearby towns. 我们给附近的三个城镇提供电力。 Our farm supplies the market with fruits. 我们的农场为这家市场提供水果。
【典例分析】
1. 他为他的家人提供食物和衣服。
He provided food and clothes for his family.
＝ He _________his family ________food and clothes.
2. They didn’t provide me food, so I had to find something to eat.
A. for B. to C. about D. with
3. The little boy ______ his seat to an old lady on the crowded bus.
A. lent B. offered C. took D. brought
3. The newly-opened company ________ the local people with more chances to work.
A. gives B. provides C. offers D. shows
4. —In the past five years, China has played an important role in the Belt and Road.
—It has _____ many nations a great chance to communicate.
A. offered B. supported C. included D. provided
6.他主动要把他的词典借给我
He________ _________ ________ me his dictionary.。
7.校长要把她的雨衣借给我。
The headmaster___________ ___________ her raincoat.
= The headmaster___________ her raincoat__________ ___________.
8.感谢你主动帮忙。
Thank you for__________ ___________of help.
9. When I’m in trouble, my sister always _________________.
A. offers helping me B. offers to help me C. asks me to help D. asks me at help
10.A lot of heroes ______________ their lives _____________ our country during the earthquake in Sichuan.
A. offer ; to B. offer ; for C. offered ; to D. offered ; /
要点14 neither
(1) neither作数量词，常与of连用，表示（两者）都不，其后谓语动词用单数。
我的父母都不在家。Neither of my parents is at home.
(2) neither作代词，（两者）都不
你喜欢这个红T恤还是黑色的？ 两个都不喜欢，我喜欢白色的。
--- Would you like the red shirt or the black one
--- Neither, I’d like the white one.
(3) neither 作限定词，（两者）都不，与名词单数连用
两个答案都不对。Neither answer is right.
(4) neither 用作连词
neither … nor … “既不……也不…… ”
这个房间既不大也不亮。
The room is neither big nor bright.
你和我都不对。 Neither you nor I am right.
neither … nor …做主语时，就近一致原则
also, too, either, neither的用法
1. also 是比较正式的用语，语气较庄重。它通常放在句中，位于行为动词之前，连系动词之后; 如有助动词或情态动词，一般放在助动词或情态动词之后。
Peter also has two brothers. 彼得也有两个兄弟。
I am also a student. 我也是一名学生。
2. too 是普通用词，多用于口语，语气较随便。一般用在肯定 句中，放在句末。
I’m in Row 1, too. 我也在第一排。
3. either 表示“也”时，一般只用于否定句，且置于句末。
If you don’t go there, he won’t go there, either.
如果你不去那儿，他也不会去那儿。
4. neither 表示“两个都不”，它作主语时，谓语动词常用单数
Neither of you can do it. 你们两个都不能做这件事。
辨析neither...nor...；both…and…；either…or…
这三个词组都可用作连词，但搭配和意义各不相同。总的说来，要注意它们应连接两个平行对等的句子成分(即同为两个主语、谓语、宾语、状语等)。
（1）both…and…表示两者兼有。例如：
She was both tired and hungry.
她又累又饿。
He speaks both English and French.
他既说英语又说法语。
（2）either…or…表示两者或两种可能性中任择其一。例如：
He must be either mad or drunk.
他不是疯了就是醉了。
（3）not only…..but also
★not only … but also连接两个分句时，not only可用于句首，第一个从句主谓要倒装。
Not only is he clever, but also he is hard working.
【注意】
以上连词连接主语时，both…and…一般只与复数谓语连用，either…or…和neither…nor…则通常根据就近原则，要求谓语动词与最邻近主语的人称、数保持一致。例如：
Either you or I am wrong. 不是你错就是我错。
Neither he nor she was at home. 他和她都不在家。
Both New York and London have traffic problems. 纽约和伦敦都存在交通问题。
【典例分析】
1. —Would you like some crisps or a piece of chocolate cake, Judy
—________. I never have anything before going to bed.
A. None B. Neither C. Both D. Either
2. —Which do you like better, bananas or pears
—________. I want apples. Remember, one apple a day keeps the doctor away.
A. Both B. Neither C. Either D. None
3. Lin Tao doesn’t like running. Jim doesn’t, ________.
A. either B. too C. also D. neither
4.—To go abroad or not to go after graduation, it’s a question.
—You may take ________ of the roads. But being home in the end matters.
A．neither B．either C．both D．none
5 Lingling and Lucy not only do well in English but also study hard. We hope ________ of them can be a member of the English Club.
A. neither B. both C. all D. none
6. Mike doesn’t know French. And ________.
A. so do I B. so am I C. neither do I D. neither am I
7. —Will you go to Peter’s party this Saturday evening
—I haven’t decided yet. If you don’t go, ________.
A. so do I B. neither do I C. so will I D. neither will I
8. —Which show do you prefer, Running Man or The Reader
—The Reader, of course. ________ I ________ my brother likes it.
A. Both; and B. Neither; nor C. Either; or D. Not only; but also
9.—How do you like the two pairs of shoes
—They don't fit me. They are ________too big ________too small.
A. not only…but also… B. neither…nor… C. either…or… D. prefer…to…
10. He speaks _________English _______French. Instead, he speaks German.
A. either; or B. not only ; but also C. both; and D. neither; nor
11．—Don’t be angry with your kids when they make mistakes again, will you
—No, I won’t. I know that ________ of us is perfect （完美的）.
A．none B．neither C．each D．every
【重点词组】
go out for dinner 出去吃晚饭
stay out late/until nine 呆到很晚
stay up (late) 熬夜
go to the movies 去看电影
get a ride 搭车
give me a ride to town送我到镇上
do the dishes=wash the dishes洗餐具
take out the rubbish 倒垃圾
fold your/the clothes 叠衣服
sweep the floor 扫地
make your/the bed 整理床铺
clean the living room 打扫客厅
help out with a few things帮助做些事
take sb. for a walk 带某人去散步
take the dog for a walk= walk dog遛狗
hang out with sb. 与某人闲逛
invite sb. to a party 邀请某人参加聚会
do chores 做杂务
take a walk= go for a walk散步
【重点句式】
1.I think two hours of TV is enough for you.我认为两个小时对你已足够。
2.She won’t be happy if she sees this mess.假如她看到这乱糟糟一团定会不高兴。
3.I’m just as tired as you are!我也和你一样的累。
4.She did not do any housework and neither did I.她没有做任何家务活，我也没有。
5.I could not find a clean dish or a clean shirt.我没有发现一个干净的碗碟，一件干净的衬衫。
6.I’ll finish my homework while you help me with the dishes.
在你帮助我洗碗碟的时候，我将完成我的家庭作业。
7.I do not understand why some parents make their kids help with housework and chores at home.
我不理解为什么有些父母让他们的孩子在家帮助做家务。
8.It is the parents’ job to provide a clean and comfortable environment at home for their children.
在家给孩子们提供一个干净而舒服的环境是家长们的工作。
9.It is important for children to learn how to do chores and help their parents with housework.
对于孩子们来说，学会怎样做家务和帮助父母亲做家务是很重要的。
10.The earlier kids learn to be independent, the better it is for their future.
孩子们越早独立，对他们的未来就更好。
There is no need for somebody to do something对于某人来说没必要做……
12. He has no idea how to take care of himself他不知道怎样照料自己
13. It’s fair for children to do something对于孩子来说，做……是公平的。
14. Could you please do… （礼貌请求）你可以做……吗？
15. Could I please do… （征求意见）我可以做……吗？
(
知识要点二：语法
)
情态动词could
情态动词could 可用于有礼貌地向对方提出请求或请求对方的许可,用于疑问句中,可代替can,在时间上与can没有区别,但语气要比can委婉、有礼貌。其答语没有固定的形式,但要符合上下文的语境。
表示委婉地请求别人做某事
常用句型Could you (please) do sth.
肯定答语：
Yes, sure. / Yes, I can. /Of course, I cam. /No problem. /With pleasure.
否定答语 （可先拒绝，再说明理由）：
Sorry, I can’t. I have to... / Sorry, I'm going to...
I'm afraid I can't. I have to.../
例句：
-Could you please make your bed 请你整理一下你的床铺好吗
-Yes, sure.好的,当然可以。
-Could you water the flowers 你浇浇花好吗
-Sorry, I can't. I have to do my homework.抱歉，我不行。我要做作业。
② 表示委婉地请求别人允许自己做某事
常用句型：Could I do sth.
肯定答语：Yes, you can./ Yes, please.等
否定答语：Sorry; you can't./I'm afraid you can’t.(然后说明理由)等
例句：-Could I sit here 我可以坐在这儿吗
-Yes, you can是的,你可以。
-Could I use your computer 我可以用你的电脑吗
-Sorry, you can't. I'm going to work on it.抱歉,你不能。我要用它工作。
③.Could you please do sth 的否定形式为“Could you please not do sth. ”,表示委婉地批评对方,意为“请不要某事好吗 ”。
例句：-Could you please not put your bike here
-Sorry, I'll take it away at once. 对不起,我马上把它推走。
【注】(1)“Could you (please)do sth. ”和“Could I do sth.”这两个句型的答语中一般都避免使用could，可以替换成can。
(2)句中could都可换成can,
(3)句中please还可放在句尾,其前用逗号和前面内容隔开。
【拓展】could 的其他用法:
could为can的过去式,表示能力。
She could swim at the age of seven.她7岁时就会游泳。
表示惊讶、怀疑、不相信等态度,主要用于否定句或疑问句,此时could与can无时间上的区别,但语气比 can要弱。
He couldn't /cant be over fifty.他不可能超过五十岁。
Can/Could he be serious 难道他会当真吗
表示可能性,指对将来、现在或过去某种可能的推测。
The book could be Mike's. He likes reading science books.
这本书可能是迈克的,他喜欢看科学书籍。
表示建议。
You could get your sister a scarf as her birthday present.
你可以给你妹妹买条围巾作为她的生日礼物。
【典例分析】
1．—________ you please give me a hand I can’t move the box by myself.
—No problem.
A．Could B．May C．Should D．Must
2．—Mum, could I play with my classmates for a while after I finish my homework
— ________. But you must come back before supper and keep safe.
A．Yes, you can B．Of course, you can’t C．Yes, you could
3．—Helen, could you please water the flowers in my garden
—________. I cut my finger and I’m trying not to get it wet.
A．That’s too bad B．With pleasure C．You’re welcome D．I’m afraid not
4．— Gina, could you please help me do the dishes
— ________. I will do it right now.
A．No, thanks B．Yes, sure C．You’re welcome D．Sorry, I don’t know
5. Would you please __________ the children __________ with snake
A. to ask; not to play B. ask; not to play C. to ask; not play D. ask; don’t play
6.Sir, could you please put out your cigarette This is a smoke-free(无烟的)school.
—__________________.
A. I’m sorry about this. B. Not at all. C. Sure. I’d love to. D. Never mind.
(
知识要点三：书面表达
)
【话题分析】
本单元的话题是"家务琐事与许可"。与该话题相关的常见写作有：描述自己做过的家务劳动，写一篇介绍同学做家务情况的报告并表达自己的观点或看法等。
【短语积累】
A 家庭琐事短语
do the dishes=wash the dishes洗餐具
take out the rubbish 倒垃圾
fold your/the clothes 叠衣服
sweep the floor 扫地
make your/the bed 整理床铺
clean the living room 打扫客厅
take sb. for a walk 带某人去散步
do chores 做杂务
go to the store 购物
take the dog for a walk 遛狗
B 翻译短语
1. 为了上一所好大学___________________________________
2. 过多地依靠我们父母亲______________________________
3. 花费他们的时间做功课______________________________
4. 发展孩子们的独立性________________________________
5. 尽他们的责任保持房间整洁__________________________
6. 理解公平的想法_____________________________________
7. 提供某物给某人_____________________________________
8. 浪费时间___________________________________________
9. 没有必要担心他_____________________________________
10. 你越就越早学会独立，对你的将来越好______________________________
11.仅仅取得好成绩是不够的_____________________________________________
12.不介意做家务_______________________________________
13.有太多的学习压力___________________________________
【句型积累】
翻译下面句子
14.我认为没有必要让孩子了解这件事。
_________________________________________________________________________________
15.做家务帮助培养孩子们的独立性，教会他们如何照顾自己。
_________________________________________________________________________________
16.大家都应该尽一份力来保持教室每天干净、整洁。_________________________________________________________________________________
17.孩子们越早学会独立，对他们的将来越有好处。_________________________________________________________________________________
18.我们为什么应该做家务的原因是它可以发展我们的独立性。
_________________________________________________________________________________
19.我认为分担家务来保持房间的干净、整洁是我们的责任。
_________________________________________________________________________________
20. 我帮父母做我力所能及的事情。我从做家务中学到很多。
_________________________________________________________________________________
【实战演练】
Sally邀请Jim周日去她家玩, 但是Jim这个周日很忙。上午近来, 学生是否应该做家务的问题引起了一片热议。对于这个问题不同的人有不同的看法。有些人认为学生就应该把精力放在学习上, 没必要做家务活; 而有些人则认为学生应该帮忙做家务,这有助于培养他们的公平意识。作为一名初中生, 你认为学生们应该帮助父母做家务吗 请根据提示写一篇80词左右的短文 (短文开头已给出, 不计入总词数)。
要点提示:
1.学习压力太大,做家务是一种放松的方式;
2.上学坐着的时间太长,做家务有利于身体健康;
3.父母上班也很辛苦,与他们分担家务有利于增进我们和他们之间的关系。
Should students do housework
Should students do housework Different people have different ideas about this problem.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 3 Could you please clean your room？
(
知识目录
)单元小结
学习目标：家务琐事与许可，礼貌地提出要求，礼貌向别人征询许可。
语法目标：学习情态动词could表达许可。
听说目标：能听懂并谈论听家务琐事，礼貌提岀请求和征询许可的听力材料的对话。
写作目标：能够写出观点辩论Children should or shouldn’t do some chores at home小短文。
目录
知识要点一、重点单词，短语及句式
要点1invite的用法 练习
要点2 borrow lend和keep表示“借”用法区别 练习
要点3 waste 的用法 练习
要点4 depend，dependence，independent的用法 练习
要点5 句式：the +比较级，the +比较级 练习
要点6 pass 和past用法及区别 练习
要点7 drop的用法 练习
要点8 when和while的用法 练习
要点9 in order to 的用法 练习
要点10 welcome用法 练习
要点11 as…as用法及as soon as 练习
要点12 since用法 练习
要点13 provide和offer区别 练习
要点14 neither用法及拓展 练习
要点15 重点短语 22
要点16重点句式 22
知识要点二、语法
要点 情态动词could的用法 23
知识要点三、书面表达
要点1 话题分析 26
要点2 词汇短语积累 27
要点3句式积累 28
要点4实战演练 29
(
知识要点一、重点单词，短语及句式。
)
【精讲精练】
要点1 invite
invite是及物动词，意为“邀请”，常用于下列结构：
1）invite sb. 邀请某人 例如：
Do you invite the friends in Beijing 你邀请北京的朋友了吗？
2）invite sb. to some place邀请某人去某地 例如：
Why don’t you invite them to our school 为什么不邀请他们来我们学校？
3）invite sb. to dinner邀请某人吃饭 例如：
Li Lin often invites me to dinner. 李林经常邀请我吃饭。
4）invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事 例如：
We invited our parents to come to our party. 我们邀请我们的父母来参加聚会。
invitation
1）invitation作名词,意为“邀请”时,是不可数名词;意为“请柬;邀请书”时,是可数名词,常与介词to连用,其复数形式为invitations。例如:
I received an invitation to the party.我收到了参加聚会的请柬。
【典例分析】
1. Harry invited me ________ with him when his parents were out of town.
A. stay B. stayed C. staying D. to stay
【答案】D
【解析】固定搭配法。invite sb.to do sth.是固定用法，意为“邀请某人做某事”。
2.—Have you got Kathy's __________to her concert
—Yes. I'd like to go and enjoy it.
A. invention B. instruction C. invitation D. introduction
【答案】C
【解析】问句句意:你收到Kathy音乐会的邀请了吗 invention"发明";instruction"用法说明";invitation"邀请";introduction"介绍"。根据空后内容及答语可知选C。
3.我们邀请她和我们一起吃感恩节晚餐。(完成句子)
We__________ her__________ _______Thanksgiving dinner with us.
【答案】invite to have
4. 我经常邀请她到我家。
I often________ _______ _______my home.
【答案】invite her to
5. “I can't miss this chance！” She waved the ________ (invite).
【答案】invitation
要点2 borrow; lend和keep
borrow是“借进”，即说话人向别人借东西供自己用，常用于borrow sth. from sb. / somewhere结构
意为“从某人/某地借来某物”。例如：
He borrowed a lot of money from the bank. 他从银行借了很多钱。
lend是“借出”，即说话人把自己的东西借给别人用，常用于lend sth. to sb. 或lend sb. sth.结构中，
意为“借给某人某物”。
I don’t like to lend my TV set to Tom. 我不想把电视机借给Tom。
(3) keep 意为“保存”，是延续性动词，borrow是瞬间动词，如果与一段时间连用，要用keep代替borrow。例如：
Can I keep the book a little longer 我借这本书的时间能长点吗？
【典例分析】
1、用borrow, lend 和keep填空
（1）—Can I________ this book
—Yes, but you mustn’t ________ it to others.
（2）He a car from his friend , and went to the airport in a hurry.
（3）I have __________ the book for two weeks. I will return it to the library this afternoon.
【点拨】(1)borrow 借入 lend 借出。 （2）borrowed （3）kept 借多久。用keep
2. Linda called to________ my bike just now and she said she would return it to me on Friday morning.
A. lend B. borrow C. fix D. store
【点拨】B句意：琳达刚才打电话借我的自行车，她说星期五上午还给我。
考查动词辨析。A. lend 借（主语借出）； B. borrow借（主语借入）；C. fix 修理； D. store储藏；根据she said she would return it to me on Friday morning这里提到了归还，所以空格处应该是借。故选B。
3. —How long may I your bike
—For a week. But you mustn’t it to others.
A. borrow; lend B. keep; lend C. lend; borrow D. keep; borrow
【点拨】B
【解析】考查词语辨析。borrow意为“借入”;lend意为“借出”,lend sth.to sb.意为“把某物借给某人”;“借多长时间”用keep,为延续性动词。how long和延续性动词连用,故第一空为keep;由答语第二句句意“但是你不能把它借给别人”可知,第二空为lend。故选B。
4. —Jim, may I ________ your camera
—Sure, but you'd better not________ it to others.
A. lend; lend B. borrow; borrow
C. lend; borrow D. borrow; lend
【点拨】D
【解析】句意：Jim,我可以借你的相机吗？——当然了，但是你最好不要把它借给别人。本题考查动词词义。borrow的意思是“借入”，常用短语是borrow···from···；lend的意思是“借出”，常用短语是lend···to···，结合语境及句意知答案选D。
要点3 waste
（1）waste 作不可数名词，意为“浪费，废物，垃圾”。a waste of意为“浪费……”。
例如： I hate waste. 我讨厌浪费。
It’s a waste of time. 这就是浪费时间。
（2）waste 作形容词，意为“无用的，浪费的，荒废的”。例如：
We shouldn’t throw waste paper about. 我们不应该乱扔废纸。
A factory is pouring waste water into the river. 一家工厂正在向河里倾倒废水。
（3）waste 作及物动词，意为“浪费”。 waste time / money (in)doing / on sth. 表示“在做某事上浪费时间 / 金钱”。
Don’t waste water! 不要浪费水。
【典例分析】
1. After dinner Mum asked me to throw the _______ in the bowls in the bag on the ground.
A. fly B. waste C. sand D. scarf
【答案】B。
【解析】本题考查名词辨析。fly意为“苍蝇”，waste意为“废料；废弃物”，sand 意为“沙；沙子”，scarf
意为“围巾”，结合语境可知应选B。
2.We all need a healthy environment, but we produce every day and it is harmful to our environment.
A. dreams B. trouble C. problems D. waste
【答案】 D
【解析】本题考查名词辨析。句意:我们都需要一个健康的环境,但是我们每天产生垃圾,它对我们的环境有害。dream梦想;trouble麻烦;problem问题;waste垃圾。根据“它对我们的环境有害”可知选D。
3. 妈妈认为玩电脑游戏是浪费时间。
Mum thinks it __________ __________ __________ __________ to play computer games.
【答案】a waste of time
4. 这条河流被从工厂流出的废物严重污染。
The river was ___________ __________ __________ __________ from the factory
【答案】badly polluted by waste
5. —The latest style of Huawei mobile phones will be on sale. I want to buy one.
—I think you shouldn’t ________ too much money on new mobile phones you don’t need.
A. waste B. put C. share D. give
【答案】A
【解析】词义辨析法。A浪费; B放; C分享; D给。结合句意“—最新款式的华为手机即将上市, 我想买一个。—我认为你不应该______太多的钱在你不需要的新手机上。”可知, 应该是“浪费”。故选A。
要点4 depend
1)depend v.视……而定；决定(于)
Whether we start or not depends on the weather.
我们是否开始取决于天气。
2)常用短语depend on意为“依靠”，后接名词或代词，它的主语可以是人也可以是物，但含义不同。
人＋depend(s) on(依靠)；物＋depend(s) on(视……而定)。
The old man depends on his son. 那位老人依靠他的儿子。
Our plan depends on time. 我们的计划取决于时间。
拓展
that depends＝it all depends 那得看情况
independence (u) 独立 --- dependence 依靠
independent adj. 独立的 ---dependent 依靠的
independently adv.独立地 ---dependently 依赖地
【典例分析】
1. —Shall we go for a picnic tomorrow
—Well, it all the weather.
A. gets on B. puts on C. tries on D. depends on
【答案】D
【解析】句意：——我们明天去野餐好吗？——哦，这得看天气。A. gets on上车；B. puts on穿上；C. tries on试穿；D. depends on取决于。结合本题语境可知，D选项符合题意，故答案选D。
2.—What do you think of the young people today
—They ________ their parents too much. They should stand on their own feet.
A. help with B. depend on C. live on D. agree with
【答案】B
【解析】 help with 帮忙; depend on依靠; live on以……为食; agree with同意。根据“They should stand on their own feet. 他们应该自力更生”可知“他们太依赖父母了”, 故选B。
3.We're going to take a trip to Nanjing next week, but that ______ the weather.
A. tries on B. depends on C. looks up D. picks up
【答案】B
【解析】考查短语辨析。句意：我们下周打算去南京旅行，但是那取决于天气。A试穿，B依靠，取决于，C向上看，查阅，D捡起，接。故选B。
4. —How can you be ________ without needing help or advice from other people.
—I believe myself I’m able to do things alone in my own way.
A. independent B. strong C. necessary D. different
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——如果不需要别人的帮助或建议，你怎么能独立呢？——我相信我自己，我可以用自己的方式独自完成事情。
考查形容词辨析。independent独立的；strong强壮的；necessary有必要的；different不同的。根据“I believe myself I’m able to do things alone in my own way.”可知，此处表达的是“独立”。故选A。
要点5 The +比较级……， the +比较级
The more information, the better.（比较级倒装句辨析）
倒装句句型：The +比较级……， the +比较级……：表示“越……，就越……”
The more information, the better. = We get more information, we are better.
The more we do for people, the happier we'll be. ?我们为人民做得越多,就越幸福.?
The more , the better.多多益善.
【典例分析】
1 _______________ you are, _______________ mistakes you will make.
A. The careful; the few B. More careful; fewer
C. The more careful; the fewer D. The most careful; the fewest
【点拨】C句意：你越努力，你就会犯的错误越少。考查比较级形式用法。根据倒装句句型，比较级的倒装句，通常比较级形式之前要加定冠词the连用。故选C。
2.The ________ you study at your lessons, the ________ grades you will get.
A. hard; good B. harder; good C. hard; better D. harder; better
【点拨】D句意：你在你的功课上更努力，你就会取得更好的成绩。The+比较级……；the+比较级……表示越……就越……。study harder表示越努力；the better grades表示更好的成绩。根据题意，故选D。
要点6 pass 和past
pass的用法及与past区别
1.pass作动词,意为“及格;通过(考试或检查)”,指在考试或测验中过关。例如:
She was glad to pass the Chinese exam.通过了语文考试,她很高兴。
2.pass作动词,还可意为“传递;经过”。例如:
Pass the book to me, please.请把那本书递给我。
I pass the shop every day.我每天都经过那家商店。
3.pass作名词,意为“及格;入场证;通行证”。例如:
Here is your pass, Mary.玛丽,这是你的入场证。
4.常见pass短语小结:
pass away消失;去世
pass by走过;(时间)逝去
pass on继续下去
pass sth.to sb.=pass sb. sth.把某物递给某人
past
prep. 用作介词意为“超过;到另一侧;晚于;在……之后”。
adv. 经过
n. 名词“过去 往昔“
adj. 作形容词“过去的，从前的”
词组：in the past
另外希望大家能够区分pass和past，前者是动词，而后者则是介词或副词
【典例分析】
一、指出下列各句‘past’的用法
1.I walk past the farm every day on my way to work
【点拨】句意：我每天在上班的路上经过农场。past adv. 经过
2.I will never forget the past days.
【点拨】句意：我永远不会忘记过去的日子。past adj. 作形容词“过去的，从前的”
3.We can't change the past.
【点拨】句意：我们不能改变过去。past n.名词“过去 往昔“
4.It is half past ten.
【点拨】句意：现在是十点半。past 用作介词意为“超过”
5.She ran past with a smile.
【点拨】句意：她微笑着跑了过去。past adv. 经过
6.In the past, life was very hard.
【点拨】句意：过去，生活很艰难。past n. 名词“过去 往昔“
二、完成句子
1.他们穿过了森林。
They _________ __________ the forest.
【点拨】passed through. Pass 通过，常与“by ，through”连用
2.他递给我一支笔。
He passed me a pen. = He passed_______ _______ ________ me.
【点拨】pass 传递。双宾结构。 Pass sb. sth =pass sth. to sb.
3.当他获得这个消息时，他继续传递给别人。
When he got the message, he _________it _______ ________ others.
【点拨】passed on to 传递。
三、请用pass和past填空
He ran ________________ the building.
He _____________ him without a word.
【点拨】past passed
四. He ________ by me but didn't notice me.
A. passes B. past C. passed D. goes past
【点拨】C此题用分析句子结构法。空格处为谓语，应用动词pass，past 介词，“通过，穿过”。如I go past the hospital every day.再由后半句可知前面的时态应为一般过去时，故选C。
要点7 drop
（1）作不及物动词，意为“掉下，落下，下降，减弱”。例如：
The apple dropped from the tree to the ground.
苹果从树上掉到地上。
The ball dropped out of his hand.
球从他手里掉了下来。
Prices dropped. 物价下跌了。
（2）作及物动词，意为“使掉下，使落下”。例如：
Mary dropped the vase on the floor. 玛丽失手把花瓶掉在地板上。
（3） 作及物动词，意为“放弃”。例如：
You must drop smoking (the bad habit). 你必须戒烟(戒除这个坏习惯)。
【拓展】
drop in /around探望，串门。例如：
Please drop in to see us if you are in Bradford.
如果你到布拉福特，请顺便来看看我们。
【注意】
drop in(顺便拜访)是不及物动词短语，其后不能接宾语。若语义上需要接宾语，根据情况可用on(针对人)或at(针对地方)。例如：
I thought I’d drop in on you while I was passing.
我曾想路过时就来看看你。
要点8 while 和when
while 连词，意思是“当……的时候”，引导时间状语从句。如：
While she was sleeping , someone knocked at the door. 当她睡觉时，有人敲门。
when 和while 都表示“当……的时候”。when 引导的时间状语从句中，谓语动词可以是延续性动词，也可以是终止性动词，表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生或先后发生。
While引导的时间状语从句中，谓语动词必须是延续性动词，常用进行时态，表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生。When后动词一般用过去式，while后动词一般用过去进行时。
【典例分析】
1.John fell asleep _____ he was listening to the radio.
A. after B. before C. while D. as soon as
【点拨】当John听广播的时候，睡着了。 While 当。。。时候。While引导的时间状语从句中，谓语动词必须是延续性动词，常用进行时态。
2. While we _______ the picnic, it _______ to rain.
A. are having; started B. have; is starting
C. were having; started D. were having; was starting
【点拨】C句意：当我们在野餐时，下雨了。考查时态。过去进行时表示在过去某一个动作发生时，
另一个动作正在发生。故答案选C
3. He ______ in Italy when he _______ the accident.
A. travelled; had B. was travelling; had
C. was travelling; was having D. travelled; was having
【点拨】B表示过去某个动作正在进行时，另一个动作发生了。此时通常用when连接。
要点9
in order to 为了，后面加动词原形，表示目的。
We get up early in order to catch the early bus. 我们早起是为了赶上早班车。
in order that 为了，后接从句，作目的状语。
I get up early in order that I can catch the early bus. 我早起是为了赶上早班车。
【典例分析】
1. A lot of famous doctors gathered in Harbin______save “China's most beautiful teacher”
A. so that B. in order to C. in order that D. as a result
【点拨】B in order to 为了，后面加动词原形，表示目的。故答案选B。so that 后面接表示目的的句子。
2. ________ stop more accidents, we should slow down the driving speed.
A. In order that B. In order to C. Thanks for D. Thanks to
【点拨】B。in order to 为了，后面加动词原形，表示目的。
要点10 welcome
welcome词意及用法辨析
(1). welcome：名词“欢迎”，常搭配：give sb a (warm) welcome = give a (warm) welcome to sb
(2). welcome：动词“欢迎”，常搭配：welcome sb to sp欢迎某人来某地
(3). welcome：形容词“受欢迎的”，常搭配：Sth be very welcome.
1. Chinese food is always ___________________ in western countries.
A. interesting B. expensive C. welcome D. awful
【答案】C
【解析】句意：中餐在西方国家总是很受欢迎的。考查形容词词意辨析。interesting有趣的，expensive昂贵的，welcome受欢迎的，awful糟糕的；根据句意搭配。故选C。
2. Lao She Teahouse ___________________ everyone from all over the world.
A. welcome to B. gives a warm welcome C. invite to D. would like
【答案】B
【解析】句意：老舍茶馆热烈欢迎来自世界的每一个人。考查动词及短语辨析。welcome to欢迎来到某地，give sb a warm welcome热烈欢迎某人，invite to邀请某人来某地，would like想要。根据句意搭配热烈欢迎某人。故选B。
要点11 as…as 和……一样 as soon as
as...as 可用于肯定句和否定句中。as...as 之间只能用形容词或副词的原级。
The boy is as tall as me. 这个男孩和我一样高。
so...as只能用于否定句中。
as soon as的用法
as soon as意为 “一……就……”，引导时间状语从句，如果主句是一般将来时则从句用一般现在时表将来；如果主句是一般过去时则从句也用一般过去时。
【典例分析】
1.Wang Wei speaks English as _____ as Yang Lan. They both study English hard.
good B. well C. better D. best
【解析】句意：王伟的英语讲的和杨澜的一样好。他们学习英语都努力。A为形容词 原级；B为副词的原级；C为比较级；D为最高级。本题考查同级的比较。as…as中间用形容词或副词的原级，排除C/D；此
2. —I wonder whether Brazil will win the match later tonight.
—Go to bed first. I will wake you up as soon as the match ______.
A. starts B. started C. will start D. is starting
【答案】A
【解析】如果主句是一般将来时则从句用一般现在时表将来。
3. I’ll go to visit my aunt in England _______ the summer holiday starts.
A. while B. since C. until D. as soon as
【答案】D
【解析】句意：暑假一开始，我就要去看望我在英国的姑姑。A. while正当……的时候，B. since因为， C. until 直到， D. as soon as一……就…… 据题意，故选D。
要点12 since的用法
（1）作为连词，还可译为“由于；既然”，引导原因状语从句，表示很明显的原因。
1.The young man hasn’t done much exercise since he got a mobile phone.
年青人自从买手机以来，就不做大量运动了。
2. Since everybody is here, let’s begin the meeting.
既然人都齐了，我们就开会吧。
（2）作为介词，意为“自……以来”，后接时间点作时间状语，常用于现在完成时，可以和“for + 时间段”互换。
I have known him since 10 years ago.自从10年前我就认识他了。
= I have known him for 10 years.我认识他已经有10年了。
（2）作为连词，意为“自……以来”,引导时间状语从句，主句常用现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时。
【典例分析】
1.It’s almost eight years we saw each other last time.
A since B. before C. after D. when
【答案】A
【解析】句意：自从我们上次见面以来已经快八年了。
考查连词辨析。A. since自从……以来；B. before在……之前；C. after在……之后；D. when当……时候。本句为固定用法，即It’is +一段时间 +since +一般过去时态的句子。故选A。
2.—How long have you lived here
—________ about 5 years ________ my family moved to the city.
Since; for B. For; since C. For; for D. Since; since
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——你住在这里有多长时间了？——自从我家搬到这座城市有五年了。
考查介词、连词辨析。since自从，可以作介词或者连词，引导时间状语从句；for介词，后面可跟一段时间。作连词时可以引导原因状语从句。第一个空后about 5 years是名词短语，表示一段时间，故用介词For；第二个空后是一个从句，表示时间，应用since引导。故选B。
3. The Smiths have lived in the city of Qingdao since________.
A. ten years B. last summer C. they buy a flat D. five months later
【答案】B
【解析】考查since的用法。since作介词时, 后跟时间点作时间状语; 作连词时, 连接时间状语从句, 从句一般用过去式。句意: 史密斯一家人自去年夏天就住在青岛。故选B。
4. ______ you’re tired, you’d better stay at home and have a rest.
A. Since B. Or C. Though D. Till
【答案】A
【解析】句意：既然你累了，你最好呆在家里休息一下。since ，从句表示明显的或已为人所知的理由，常译为“因为；既然”
5. — Why didn’t you go to the party — ______ I wasn’t invited.
A. As B. Since C. Because D. So
【答案】C
【解析】回答why的句子只能用because。because 表示直接原因，着重点在从句，它所指的原因通常是听话人所不知道的，语气最强。常用来回答why 的提问.这里就不能用since和as
要点13 provide
provide为及物动词，意为“提供”。provide常与介词with或for连用，provide sb. with sth.表示“为某人提供某物”，其同意表达为 provide sth. for sb.。例如：
Sheep provide us with wool. =Sheep provide wool for us.羊供给我们羊毛。
The Sun provides us with light and heat.太阳给我们提供光和热。
辨析：offer，provide与supply
offer 1）给予，提供(有主观上愿意供给的意思)。 He offered me a glass of wine. 他端给我一杯酒。 2）愿意，试图(做某事)；提议[+to do] They offered to help me. 他们表示愿意帮助我。 3）offer还有“出价，给工资”的意思。 We offered him the calculator for $50. 这计算器我们向他开价五十美元。
provide 1）作及物动词，“提供装备，供给”。 provide sb. with sth.= provide sth. for sb.为某人提供某物 She managed to provide her children with food and clothing. 她设法使她的孩子有饭吃，有衣穿。 2）作不及物动词，“抚养，赡养”(+for) He tried to earn more money to provide for a large family. 他设法多挣钱以供养一个大家庭。
supply 作及物动词，“供给，供应；补充，满足”，其后常用介词to，for和with。 We supply power to the three nearby towns. 我们给附近的三个城镇提供电力。 Our farm supplies the market with fruits. 我们的农场为这家市场提供水果。
【典例分析】
1. 他为他的家人提供食物和衣服。
He provided food and clothes for his family.
＝ He _________his family ________food and clothes.
【答案】provided with
2. They didn’t provide me food, so I had to find something to eat.
A. for B. to C. about D. with
【答案】D
【解析】句意：他们没有给我提供食物，于是我不得不找东西吃。provide sb. with sth. 相当于provide sth. for sb. 为某人提供某物。故选D。
3. The little boy ______ his seat to an old lady on the crowded bus.
A. lent B. offered C. took D. brought
【答案】B
【解析】句意为：在拥挤的公共汽车上这个小男孩把他的座位让给了一个老奶奶。lent借；offered提供；took 带去；brought带来。根据语境可知应选B。
3. The newly-opened company ________ the local people with more chances to work.
A. gives B. provides C. offers D. shows
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词辨析。句意为“这家新开业的公司给当地人提供了更多的就业机会”。provide sb. with sth. 为某人提供某物。
4. —In the past five years, China has played an important role in the Belt and Road.
—It has _____ many nations a great chance to communicate.
A. offered B. supported C. included D. provided
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意为“—在过去的五年中, 中国在一带一路中发挥了重要作用。—它为很多国家提供了一个交流的好机会”。offer提供; support支持; include包括; provide提供。offer sb. sth. offer sth. to Sb. 提供某人某物。 Provide sb. with sth.= provide sth. for sb. 故答案选A
6.他主动要把他的词典借给我
He________ _________ ________ me his dictionary.。
【点拨】offered to lend offer作动词，后接不定式，表示主动提出做某事。
7.校长要把她的雨衣借给我。
The headmaster___________ ___________ her raincoat.
= The headmaster___________ her raincoat__________ ___________.
【点拨】offered me offered to me offer作动词，后面可接双宾语，表示主动提出给与某人某物时。
8.感谢你主动帮忙。
Thank you for__________ ___________of help.
【点拨】your offer offer用作名词，意为提议；提供；出价。
9. When I’m in trouble, my sister always _________________.
A. offers helping me B. offers to help me C. asks me to help D. asks me at help
【点拨】B句意：每当我遇到麻烦，我的姐姐总是会主动帮助我。考查动词短语辨析：offer to do sth主动提出做某事；ask sb to do sth要求某人去做某事；根据句意为主动做某事。故选B。
10.A lot of heroes ______________ their lives _____________ our country during the earthquake in Sichuan.
A. offer ; to B. offer ; for C. offered ; to D. offered ; /
【点拨】C句意：在四川地震期间许多的英雄都主动把生命奉献给了我们的祖国。考查动词短语搭配辨析。根据动词offer判断短语搭配为offer sb sth = offer sth to sb；再结合句意判断为过去时。故选C。
要点14 neither
(1) neither作数量词，常与of连用，表示（两者）都不，其后谓语动词用单数。
我的父母都不在家。Neither of my parents is at home.
(2) neither作代词，（两者）都不
你喜欢这个红T恤还是黑色的？ 两个都不喜欢，我喜欢白色的。
--- Would you like the red shirt or the black one
--- Neither, I’d like the white one.
(3) neither 作限定词，（两者）都不，与名词单数连用
两个答案都不对。Neither answer is right.
(4) neither 用作连词
neither … nor … “既不……也不…… ”
这个房间既不大也不亮。
The room is neither big nor bright.
你和我都不对。 Neither you nor I am right.
neither … nor …做主语时，就近一致原则
also, too, either, neither的用法
1. also 是比较正式的用语，语气较庄重。它通常放在句中，位于行为动词之前，连系动词之后; 如有助动词或情态动词，一般放在助动词或情态动词之后。
Peter also has two brothers. 彼得也有两个兄弟。
I am also a student. 我也是一名学生。
2. too 是普通用词，多用于口语，语气较随便。一般用在肯定 句中，放在句末。
I’m in Row 1, too. 我也在第一排。
3. either 表示“也”时，一般只用于否定句，且置于句末。
If you don’t go there, he won’t go there, either.
如果你不去那儿，他也不会去那儿。
4. neither 表示“两个都不”，它作主语时，谓语动词常用单数
Neither of you can do it. 你们两个都不能做这件事。
辨析neither...nor...；both…and…；either…or…
这三个词组都可用作连词，但搭配和意义各不相同。总的说来，要注意它们应连接两个平行对等的句子成分(即同为两个主语、谓语、宾语、状语等)。
（1）both…and…表示两者兼有。例如：
She was both tired and hungry.
她又累又饿。
He speaks both English and French.
他既说英语又说法语。
（2）either…or…表示两者或两种可能性中任择其一。例如：
He must be either mad or drunk.
他不是疯了就是醉了。
（3）not only…..but also
★not only … but also连接两个分句时，not only可用于句首，第一个从句主谓要倒装。
Not only is he clever, but also he is hard working.
【注意】
以上连词连接主语时，both…and…一般只与复数谓语连用，either…or…和neither…nor…则通常根据就近原则，要求谓语动词与最邻近主语的人称、数保持一致。例如：
Either you or I am wrong. 不是你错就是我错。
Neither he nor she was at home. 他和她都不在家。
Both New York and London have traffic problems. 纽约和伦敦都存在交通问题。
【典例分析】
1. —Would you like some crisps or a piece of chocolate cake, Judy
—________. I never have anything before going to bed.
A. None B. Neither C. Both D. Either
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——朱迪，你想要一些薯片还是一块巧克力蛋糕？——两个都不要。我睡觉前从来不吃任何东西。
考查不定代词辨析。None三者或三者以上一个也没有；Neither表两者都不；Both用于两者都；Either指两者中任何一个。根据下文“I never have anything before going to bed.”可知，薯片或巧克力蛋糕这两种食物都不吃，故选B。
2. —Which do you like better, bananas or pears
—________. I want apples. Remember, one apple a day keeps the doctor away.
A. Both B. Neither C. Either D. None
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——香蕉和梨，你更喜欢哪一个？ ——都不喜欢。我想要苹果。记住，一天一苹果，医生远离我。
考查不定代词辨析。Both两者都；Neither两者都不；Either两者中的任何一个；None三者或以上都不。根据“I want apples.”可知，既不喜欢香蕉也不喜欢梨子，只想要苹果。故选B。
3. Lin Tao doesn’t like running. Jim doesn’t, ________.
A. either B. too C. also D. neither
【答案】A
【解析】句意：林涛不喜欢跑步。吉姆也不喜欢。
考查副词辨析。either也，用于否定句末；too也，用于肯定句末；also也，用于肯定句中；neither也不。根据“Jim doesn’t,”可知，此处指吉姆也不喜欢跑步，否定句末用either。故选A。
4.—To go abroad or not to go after graduation, it’s a question.
—You may take ________ of the roads. But being home in the end matters.
A．neither B．either C．both D．none
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——毕业后出国还是不出国，这是个问题。——你可以走这两条路中的任何一条。但最终能回家还是很重要的。
考查代词辨析。neither两者都不；either两者中的任何一个；both两者都；none三者或三者以上都不。根据“But being home in the end matters.”可知，此处是指走哪条路都可以，用either表示“两者中的任何一个”。故选B。
5 Lingling and Lucy not only do well in English but also study hard. We hope ________ of them can be a member of the English Club.
A. neither B. both C. all D. none
【答案】B
【解析】句意：玲玲和露西不仅英语学得好而且学习也很努力。我们希望他们两个都能成为英语俱乐部的一员。
考查代词辨析。neither两者都不；both两者都；all所有；none没有一个。根据“Lingling and Lucy not only do well in English but also study hard.”可知，玲玲和露西都很优秀，所以我们希望二人都能加入英语俱乐部。故选B。
6. Mike doesn’t know French. And ________.
A. so do I B. so am I C. neither do I D. neither am I
【答案】C
【解析】句意：Mike不知道法语。并且我也不知道。
考查so和neither引导倒装句的辨析。so+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语，表示“也”，即表示和上句表达的肯定内容是一样的情况；neither+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语，表示“也不”，即表示和上句表达的否定内容是一样的情况。根据“Mike doesn’t know French.”可知此处应表达“也不”，而由“doesn’t”可知此处应用助动词，故选C。
7. —Will you go to Peter’s party this Saturday evening
—I haven’t decided yet. If you don’t go, ________.
A. so do I B. neither do I C. so will I D. neither will I
【答案】D
【解析】句意：——这个星期六晚上你会去彼得的聚会吗？——我还没决定。如果你不去，我也不去。
考查倒装句。so/neither/nor 表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者时，用“so/neither/nor + be/助动词/情态动词+主语”这样的倒装句式。“so+ be/助动词/情态动词+主语”表示前句所述的肯定情况也适用于另外一个人或物，如果前面的陈述句是否定形式，这一结构的否定式是“neither/nor+ be/助动词/情态动词+主语”。根据上文“I haven’t decided yet. If you don’t go”可知，前面所说的情况也适用于后者，即“我也不去”需用neither的倒装结构，可排除AC两项；结合if条件句遵循主将从现，助动词需用will，故选D。
8. —Which show do you prefer, Running Man or The Reader
—The Reader, of course. ________ I ________ my brother likes it.
A. Both; and B. Neither; nor C. Either; or D. Not only; but also
【答案】D
【解析】 both...and……和……都；neither...nor既不……也不；either...or或者……或者；not only...but also不但……而且。根据句意推断A和D项都符合句意，both...and连接并列主语时，谓语动词用复数；not only...but also连接并列主语时，谓语动词形式遵循“就近原则”，根据句中likes推断选D。
9.—How do you like the two pairs of shoes
—They don't fit me. They are ________too big ________too small.
A. not only…but also… B. neither…nor… C. either…or… D. prefer…to…
【答案】C
【解析】句意： ——你认为这两双鞋怎样？——他们不适合我。他们要么太大要么太小。
考查并列连词。not only…but also不但……而且；neither…nor 既不……也不；either…or或者……或者；prefer…to…比起……更喜欢……。根据回答“They don’t fit me.”可知，它们不适合我，因此“或者太大了，或者太小”符合语境。故选C。
10. He speaks _________English _______French. Instead, he speaks German.
A. either; or B. not only ; but also C. both; and D. neither; nor
【答案】D
【解析】试题分析：句意:他既不说英语也不说法语，相反地，他说德语。neither …nor 既不……也不……；not only…but also…不仅……而且……；both…and………和……两者都；either…or 或者……或者……。根据句意可知，他说的是德语，不是英语，也不是法语。故选D。
11．—Don’t be angry with your kids when they make mistakes again, will you
—No, I won’t. I know that ________ of us is perfect （完美的）.
A．none B．neither C．each D．every
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——当你的孩子再犯错误时，不要生他们的气，好吗？——好的，我不会了。我知道我们中没有一个人是完美的。
考查不定代词辨析。none没有一个（三者或三者以上）；neither两者都不；each每一个（两者及以上）；every（与单数名词连用，指政体中的）每一个。根据“of us”可知，此处的范围是三者及以上，且结合回答“No, I won’t.”可知，不会生孩子们的气，因为没有人是完美的，此处表示否定，用none。故选A。
【重点词组】
go out for dinner 出去吃晚饭
stay out late/until nine 呆到很晚
stay up (late) 熬夜
go to the movies 去看电影
get a ride 搭车
give me a ride to town送我到镇上
do the dishes=wash the dishes洗餐具
take out the rubbish 倒垃圾
fold your/the clothes 叠衣服
sweep the floor 扫地
make your/the bed 整理床铺
clean the living room 打扫客厅
help out with a few things帮助做些事
take sb. for a walk 带某人去散步
take the dog for a walk= walk dog遛狗
hang out with sb. 与某人闲逛
invite sb. to a party 邀请某人参加聚会
do chores 做杂务
take a walk= go for a walk散步
【重点句式】
1.I think two hours of TV is enough for you.我认为两个小时对你已足够。
2.She won’t be happy if she sees this mess.假如她看到这乱糟糟一团定会不高兴。
3.I’m just as tired as you are!我也和你一样的累。
4.She did not do any housework and neither did I.她没有做任何家务活，我也没有。
5.I could not find a clean dish or a clean shirt.我没有发现一个干净的碗碟，一件干净的衬衫。
6.I’ll finish my homework while you help me with the dishes.
在你帮助我洗碗碟的时候，我将完成我的家庭作业。
7.I do not understand why some parents make their kids help with housework and chores at home.
我不理解为什么有些父母让他们的孩子在家帮助做家务。
8.It is the parents’ job to provide a clean and comfortable environment at home for their children.
在家给孩子们提供一个干净而舒服的环境是家长们的工作。
9.It is important for children to learn how to do chores and help their parents with housework.
对于孩子们来说，学会怎样做家务和帮助父母亲做家务是很重要的。
10.The earlier kids learn to be independent, the better it is for their future.
孩子们越早独立，对他们的未来就更好。
There is no need for somebody to do something对于某人来说没必要做……
12. He has no idea how to take care of himself他不知道怎样照料自己
13. It’s fair for children to do something对于孩子来说，做……是公平的。
14. Could you please do… （礼貌请求）你可以做……吗？
15. Could I please do… （征求意见）我可以做……吗？
(
知识要点二：语法
)
情态动词could
情态动词could 可用于有礼貌地向对方提出请求或请求对方的许可,用于疑问句中,可代替can,在时间上与can没有区别,但语气要比can委婉、有礼貌。其答语没有固定的形式,但要符合上下文的语境。
表示委婉地请求别人做某事
常用句型Could you (please) do sth.
肯定答语：
Yes, sure. / Yes, I can. /Of course, I cam. /No problem. /With pleasure.
否定答语 （可先拒绝，再说明理由）：
Sorry, I can’t. I have to... / Sorry, I'm going to...
I'm afraid I can't. I have to.../
例句：
-Could you please make your bed 请你整理一下你的床铺好吗
-Yes, sure.好的,当然可以。
-Could you water the flowers 你浇浇花好吗
-Sorry, I can't. I have to do my homework.抱歉，我不行。我要做作业。
② 表示委婉地请求别人允许自己做某事
常用句型：Could I do sth.
肯定答语：Yes, you can./ Yes, please.等
否定答语：Sorry; you can't./I'm afraid you can’t.(然后说明理由)等
例句：-Could I sit here 我可以坐在这儿吗
-Yes, you can是的,你可以。
-Could I use your computer 我可以用你的电脑吗
-Sorry, you can't. I'm going to work on it.抱歉,你不能。我要用它工作。
③.Could you please do sth 的否定形式为“Could you please not do sth. ”,表示委婉地批评对方,意为“请不要某事好吗 ”。
例句：-Could you please not put your bike here
-Sorry, I'll take it away at once. 对不起,我马上把它推走。
【注】(1)“Could you (please)do sth. ”和“Could I do sth.”这两个句型的答语中一般都避免使用could，可以替换成can。
(2)句中could都可换成can,
(3)句中please还可放在句尾,其前用逗号和前面内容隔开。
【拓展】could 的其他用法:
could为can的过去式,表示能力。
She could swim at the age of seven.她7岁时就会游泳。
表示惊讶、怀疑、不相信等态度,主要用于否定句或疑问句,此时could与can无时间上的区别,但语气比 can要弱。
He couldn't /cant be over fifty.他不可能超过五十岁。
Can/Could he be serious 难道他会当真吗
表示可能性,指对将来、现在或过去某种可能的推测。
The book could be Mike's. He likes reading science books.
这本书可能是迈克的,他喜欢看科学书籍。
表示建议。
You could get your sister a scarf as her birthday present.
你可以给你妹妹买条围巾作为她的生日礼物。
【典例分析】
1．—________ you please give me a hand I can’t move the box by myself.
—No problem.
A．Could B．May C．Should D．Must
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——你能帮我一下吗？我自己搬不动这个箱子。——没问题。
考查情态动词辨析。Could能；May可能；Should应该；Must必须。根据“I can’t move the box by myself.”可知，我自己搬不动这个箱子，因此请求别人帮助，Could you do sth “你能做某事吗？”，表示委婉地请求。故选A。
2．—Mum, could I play with my classmates for a while after I finish my homework
— ________. But you must come back before supper and keep safe.
A．Yes, you can B．Of course, you can’t C．Yes, you could
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——妈妈，我做完作业可以和我的同学玩一会儿吗？——可以。但是你必须在晚饭之前回来并且保证安全。
考查情态动词和情景交际。根据“But you must come back before supper and keep safe.”可知此处应回答可以出去，can表示许可，因此用“Yes, you can”。故选A。
3．—Helen, could you please water the flowers in my garden
—________. I cut my finger and I’m trying not to get it wet.
A．That’s too bad B．With pleasure C．You’re welcome D．I’m afraid not
【答案】D
【解析】句意：——Helen，你能给我花园里的花浇水吗？——我恐怕不能。我割伤了手指，我在努力不让它弄湿。
考查情景交际。That’s too bad那太糟糕了；With pleasure我很愿意；You’re welcome不客气；I’m afraid not我恐怕不能。根据“I cut my finger and I’m trying not to get it wet”可知，手指受伤了，所以不能帮忙浇水，故选D。
4．— Gina, could you please help me do the dishes
— ________. I will do it right now.
A．No, thanks B．Yes, sure C．You’re welcome D．Sorry, I don’t know
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——Gina，你能帮我洗碗吗？——当然可以。我立刻去做。
考查情景交际。No, thanks不，谢谢；Yes, sure当然可以；You’re welcome不客气；Sorry, I don’t know抱歉，我不知道，根据“Gina, could you please help me do the dishes ”和“I will do it right now”可知，应该是肯定回答，Yes, sure 最符合语境，故选B。
5. Would you please __________ the children __________ with snake
A. to ask; not to play B. ask; not to play C. to ask; not play D. ask; don’t play
【答案】B
【解析】考查表请求的固定句型及非谓语动词。句意：请你让孩子们不要玩蛇好吗？句型Would you please do… 意为：请你做某事好吗？动词短语ask sb not to do意为：让某人不要做某事。根据句式及短语结构可知，应选B。
6.Sir, could you please put out your cigarette This is a smoke-free(无烟的)school.
—__________________.
A. I’m sorry about this. B. Not at all. C. Sure. I’d love to. D. Never mind.
【答案】A
【解析】考查情景交际用语。句意：——先生，你能把烟灭了吗 这是一个无烟学校。——对此我很抱歉。根据常识可知，对于做错的事情应该表示歉意。故选择A。
(
知识要点三：书面表达
)
【话题分析】
本单元的话题是"家务琐事与许可"。与该话题相关的常见写作有：描述自己做过的家务劳动，写一篇介绍同学做家务情况的报告并表达自己的观点或看法等。
【短语积累】
A 家庭琐事短语
do the dishes=wash the dishes洗餐具
take out the rubbish 倒垃圾
fold your/the clothes 叠衣服
sweep the floor 扫地
make your/the bed 整理床铺
clean the living room 打扫客厅
take sb. for a walk 带某人去散步
do chores 做杂务
go to the store 购物
take the dog for a walk 遛狗
B 翻译短语
1. 为了上一所好大学___________________________________
2. 过多地依靠我们父母亲______________________________
3. 花费他们的时间做功课______________________________
4. 发展孩子们的独立性________________________________
5. 尽他们的责任保持房间整洁__________________________
6. 理解公平的想法_____________________________________
7. 提供某物给某人_____________________________________
8. 浪费时间___________________________________________
9. 没有必要担心他_____________________________________
10. 你越就越早学会独立，对你的将来越好______________________________
11.仅仅取得好成绩是不够的_____________________________________________
12.不介意做家务_______________________________________
13.有太多的学习压力___________________________________
1. in order to get into a good university
2.depend on our patents too much
3.spend their time on/doing schoolwork
4.develop children’s independence
5. do their part in keeping the room tidy
6. understand the idea of fairness.
7.provide sth. For sb./ provide sb. with sth.
8. a waste of time
9.There is no need to worry about him.
10. The earlier you learn to be independent, the better it is for your future.
11.It’s not enough to just get good grades.
12.don’t mind doing chores
13.have too much stress from school
【句型积累】
翻译下面句子
14.我认为没有必要让孩子了解这件事。
_________________________________________________________________________________
15.做家务帮助培养孩子们的独立性，教会他们如何照顾自己。
_________________________________________________________________________________
16.大家都应该尽一份力来保持教室每天干净、整洁。_________________________________________________________________________________
17.孩子们越早学会独立，对他们的将来越有好处。_________________________________________________________________________________
18.我们为什么应该做家务的原因是它可以发展我们的独立性。
_________________________________________________________________________________
19.我认为分担家务来保持房间的干净、整洁是我们的责任。
_________________________________________________________________________________
20. 我帮父母做我力所能及的事情。我从做家务中学到很多。
_________________________________________________________________________________
14.I think there is no need for children to know about it .
15. Doing chores helps to develop Children’s independence, and teaches them how to look after themselves.
16.Everyone should do their part in keeping our classroom clean and tidy every day.
17.The earlier kids learn to be independent, the better it is for their future,
18. The reason why we should do chores is that doing housework can develop our independence.
19. I think it’s our duty to share housework to keep the house clean and tidy.
20. I do what I can to help my parents.I have learned a lot from doing housework.
【实战演练】
Sally邀请Jim周日去她家玩, 但是Jim这个周日很忙。上午近来, 学生是否应该做家务的问题引起了一片热议。对于这个问题不同的人有不同的看法。有些人认为学生就应该把精力放在学习上, 没必要做家务活; 而有些人则认为学生应该帮忙做家务,这有助于培养他们的公平意识。作为一名初中生, 你认为学生们应该帮助父母做家务吗 请根据提示写一篇80词左右的短文 (短文开头已给出, 不计入总词数)。
要点提示:
1.学习压力太大,做家务是一种放松的方式;
2.上学坐着的时间太长,做家务有利于身体健康;
3.父母上班也很辛苦,与他们分担家务有利于增进我们和他们之间的关系。
Should students do housework
Should students do housework Different people have different ideas about this problem.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Should students do housework
Should students do housework Different people have different ideas about this problem.
Some people think students should pay attention to their study. It's unnecessary for them to do housework. While other people think students should help out with housework because it can help them understand the idea of fairness.
As a middle school student, I think we should share housework with our parents. First, we have too much pressure at school. Doing housework is a good way to relax ourselves. Second, we always sit too long. Doing housework is good for our health. Finally, our parents are tired after work. Sharing housework can improve our relationship with them.
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