中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
专题8 名词，冠词
【名词】
名词属于十大词类中的一种，主要包括普通名词和专有名词两种。纵观近几年中考对于名词的考查，主要以选择题和填空题为主，考查内容以词义理解、名词所有格及词形转换居多。在备考2024年中考时，注意掌握名词变复数的变化规则，掌握不可数名词向可数名词转化的规律，名词所有格的用法，名词的句法功能等，并做到灵活运用，以便提高综合运用能力。
中考的考向：
一、名词词义辨析；（重点考题）
二、名词的数；
三、名词所有格。
考向一：名词的辨异（重点考向）：
名词辨异有形近辨异和近义辨异。在于平时多积累。学会在语境中判断和运用。（参考专题1名词辨异）
考向二：名词的数：
可数名词是指能以数目来计算，可以分成个体的人或东西，因此它有复数形式。如cup(杯子)，cat(猫)等。
1. 可数名词可分为单数和复数。常见修饰可数名词的词或词组：
a, an, a few, many, a number of, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, some, any ... (其中 a few 表示肯定，few 表示否定，a few, many, a number of, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, some, any后都要加名词复数)
如：many people, a number of students
2. 可数名词复数形式的规则变化：
(1) 一般情况下在词尾加-s。
(2) 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，把 y 改成 i 再加es。
(3) 以 o 结尾的名词有些加-es，也有些加-s。
(4) 以s, x, sh, ch结尾的名词加-es。
(5) 以f或fe结尾的名词把f或fe改为-ves。
注意：roof的复数是roofs。
【不可数名词】
1. 不可数名词一般只有单数形式，没有复数形式，专有名词、物质名词和抽象名词一般为不可数名词，常见的不可数名词有：
food, meat, fish, medicine, music, news, beef, pork, chocolate, coffee, cotton, fruit, grass, hair, housework, homework, ice, ice cream, milk, information, money, rice, sugar, bread, water, advice, weather, wood, work, rain, English, Maths ...
2. 不可数名词没有复数形式，不能直接用a(an)或基数词one(two)等来修饰。如果要表示数量，要用 of 短语或者特定的词或短语表示，如：a piece of paper, a cup of tea, little water 等表达形式。
3. 某些名词，表示物质或抽象概念时是不可数的，而在表示个体概念时是可数的。
如：A glass is made of glass. 玻璃杯是由玻璃制成的。
句中第一个 glass 是玻璃杯，是个体名词，可数；第二个 glass 是物质名词，不可数。
如： I have already finished a paper. 我已经完成一篇论文。
句中的 paper 用作论文（试卷、报纸）可数，用作paper（纸）不可数。
4. 常见修饰不可数名词的词或词组有：
some, much, a little, little, a bit of, a great deal of, plenty of, a lot of, lots of, any ...
如：some money, a little water, a bit of coffee
考向二：名词所有格：
1. 名词所有格一般在名词后面加’s构成，意思是“……的”。主要用于表示人或有生命的东西。
如：Mike’s basketball, John’s shirt
2. 名词所有格也可以表示时间、距离、重量和某些无生命的东西。
如： fifty minutes’ bus ride(50分钟的车程)，yesterday’s newspaper
3. 除了在名词后面加’s外，名词所有格的构成还有：
(1) 以 s 结尾的复数名词的所有格，只需在词尾加’。
如：the teachers’ office, the students’ books
(2) 不以 s 结尾的复数名词，应在词尾加’s。
如：Women’s Day, children’s clothes shop(儿童服装店)
(3) 表示几个人共有的人或物，只需在最后一个名词后加 ’s。
如：Jill and Tommy’s room(吉尔和汤米的房间)
(4) 如果表示各自拥有的人或物，则每个名词后都加’s。
如：Albert’s and Mary’s fathers(阿尔伯特的爸爸和玛丽的爸爸)
4. 知识小tips:
(1) a two-metre-long desk也是名词所有格的一种形式，metre不能用复数形式。
如：a two-day holiday(两天的假期)，an eight-year-old boy(一个八岁的男孩)，
the girls’ 200-metre race(女子200米比赛 )
(2) 名词可作定语，修饰另一个名词。
如：a banana tree(一棵香蕉树)，two baby cats(两只小猫)，a paper tiger(一只纸老虎)
(3) 如果作定语的是man和woman， 其单复数就要跟着所修饰的名词变化而变化。
如：a woman worker(一个女工人)， three men doctors(三个男医生)
1.（2023·武汉）—Peter was picked out to be on the school volleyball team.
—His height gives him a big ________.
A. situation B. challenge C. achievement D. advantage
【透析】 解答此题时我们要分辨每个选项的意义，所以在平时学习中一定要掌握和积累单词，做到厚积薄发。这道考题是考查名词的辨异。明白每个选项的意义后，再根据本题这一小语境下做出正确的选择。语境：选拔排球队员和身高。可知身高在选拔中是一个优势。故答案选D
2.（2023·四川重庆）This year, the family went camping on ________ Day, June 1st.
A. Child B. Child’s C. Children D. Children’s
【答案】D
【解析】句意：今年，全家在6月1日儿童节去露营。
考查名词所有格。由语境可知，此处指“儿童节”，英文表达为“Children’s Day”。故选D。
3. （2023·长春）John Smith often looks through the news about _______ to know what’s on in the cinema.
A. films B. music C. books D. weather
【答案】A
【解析】
【解析】句意：约翰·史密斯经常浏览电影新闻，想知道电影院在上映什么。
考查名词辨析。films电影；music音乐；books书；weather天气。根据“o know what’s on in the cinema”可知想要知道电影院在上映什么，由此知道经常浏览电影新闻。故选A。
【冠词】
冠词是一种虚词，是名词的一种标志，不能独立担任任何句子成分，只能附着在一个名词上，帮助说明其词义。对于冠词的考查，往往集中于a、an的用法区别，定冠词的用法，不用冠词的情况，习惯用语中冠词的用法等几个方面。考查形式以单项选择为主，有时也会在完形填空、完成句子等类型的题目中出现。在学习过程中，不但要掌握不同类型的冠词的用法，还要注意习惯搭配中的冠词的使用情况。
中考的考向：
一、冠词的用法；
二、不用冠词的情况；
考向1 冠词的分类
分类 说明 例子
不定冠词 a 用于以辅音音素开头的单词前 a gift 一份礼物，a plane 一架飞机，a useful book 一本有用的书
an 用于以元音音素开头的单词前 an hour 一小时，an apple 一个苹果，an honest girl 一个诚实的女孩
定冠词 the 只有一种形式，一般用于特指 the pen you write with 你写字的钢笔，the Chinese movie 那部中国影片
考向2 冠词的基本用法
一、 不定冠词a、an的用法
1. a和an都用于可数名词单数前，泛指人和物。表示可数事物中的一个。但两者用法有区别：
（1）若随后的单词以辅音音素开头，用 a。如：a lot of，a good idea，a pear。
（2）若随后的单词以元音音素开头，用 an。如：an example，an orange，an apple。
二、定冠词the的用法
用法 例子
1. 用于特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。 This is the city where my grandfather once lived.
2. 用于指谈话双方知道的人或事物。 Would you mind my opening the window
3. 用于复述上文提过的人或事物（第一次提到用＂a或an＂，以后再次提到用＂the＂） Jim lives in a small village. In the village, there is an old tree.
4. 用在序数词和形容词最高级前。 Spring is the first season of a year. This is the most interesting movie I have ever seen.
5. 用于表示方向、方位的名词前。 in the east 在东方 in the front 在前面 at the back 在后面 in the bottom 在底部
6.用在世界上独一无二的事物或乐器前。 the sun, the moon, play the piano
7.用于姓氏的复数前表示“一家人”或“夫妇”。 The Turners are at breakfast table.
8.与某些形容词连用表示一类人或事物。 The young should help the old.
9.用于由普通名词构成的专有名词前。 the Great Wall, the United States
10用在西洋乐器单数可数名词前。 play the piano 弹钢琴 play the violin 拉小提琴
13. 用在某些固定的表达法。
in the morning 在早上 in the afternoon 在下午
in the evening 在晚上 go to the cinema 去看电影
in the world 在世界上 all the year round 一年到头
on the way to 在去……去的路上
三、不用冠词的情况
用法 例子
1.在专有名词或不可数名词前。 Paper is made of wood.
2.名词前有指示代词、物主代词或不定代词作定语。 Go along this road. Every student likes English in our class.
3.复数名词表示一类人或事物时。 My parents are teachers.
4.在节日、日期、月份、季节前。 Today is Children’s Day. It’s hot in summer.
5.在一日三餐、球类运动、学科的名词前。 He went to school without breakfast. Let’s play football after school.
6.在某些固定短语中。 in bed, in hospital, on foot, at school
1.（2023·广州·语法选择）But _____ last one that came out was not strong at all.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
【答案】C
【解析】句意：但是最后一只鸟出来了，并没有那么强壮。
a/an是不定冠词，表示泛指。a用在辅音音素前；an用在元音音素前。the是定冠词，表示特指。此处特指最后一只鸟，用the。故选C。
2.（2023·吉林长春）James is _______ hard-working engineer. His spirit encourages us.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
【答案】A
【解析】句意：詹姆斯是一位勤奋的工程师。他的精神鼓舞着我们。
考查冠词辨析。此处表示泛指，且hard是以辅音音素开头的，故选A。
3. （2023·江苏镇江）It is said that Panda Ya Ya will live ________ rest of her life in her hometown, China.
A. a B. an C. the D. 不填
【答案】C
【解析】句意：据说熊猫丫丫将在她的家乡中国度过余生。
考查冠词用法。live the rest of one’s life“度过余生”，固定搭配。故选C。
1. （2023·吉林） Jenny ordered a hamburger and ________ hamburger was nice.
A. a B. an C. the
2. （2023·江苏镇江）The main ________ of the cities along the Grand Canal (大运河) is history and culture.
A. attraction B. pollution C. invention D. situation
3. (2023·江苏连云港) China is ________ country with a history of more than 5,000 years.
A. the B. a C. an D. /
4. (2023·江苏南通) As a student in modern China, everybody should work hard to live ________ meaningful life.
A. a B. an C. the D. 不填
5.(2023·江苏宿迁) —Betty began to play ________ violin at the age of four.
—No wonder she plays so well.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
6.(2023·江苏宿迁) —The girl’s beautiful pronunciation caught our ________ in yesterday’s English speech competition.
—Yes, many students couldn’t help cheering for her.
A. condition B. attention C. invention D. position
7.(2023·江苏无锡) —Let’s go and get something to eat. What do you ________
—How about fish and chips
A. suggest B. imagine C. suppose D. insist
8.(2023·江苏扬州)Yangzhou is ________ city full of ________ history, culture and mouthwatering food.
A. the; a B. a; a C. the; the D. a; /
9.(2023·江苏扬州)We don’t ________ much from the kids because they can’t understand the value of this work.
A. express B. excuse C. expect D. explain
10.(2023·山东滨州) —What do you think of the guide book Lonely Planet
—Oh, it is really _________ useful one. You can always find _________ information you need while traveling.
A. a; a B. an; an C. a; the D. an; the
11.(2023·山东青岛) I watched The Wandering Earth Ⅱ last night. It is ________ wonderful film.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
12.(2023·山东青岛) Before flying a plane, a ________ must take a lot of training.
A. policeman B. musician C. nurse D. pilot
13.(2023·江西). —Kevin, could you pass me some ________ It’s so hot today. I’m really thirsty.
—OK. Here you are.
A. rice B. bread C. water D. chicken
14.(2023·天津)My mother is making ________ apple pie and I want to try ________ piece.
A. a; an B. a; 不填 C. an; a D. an; 不填
15.(2023·天津). People all over the world love pandas, and the panda has become a ________ of China.
A. festival B. poem C. guest D. symbol
16.(2023·沈阳)The spirit of Lei Feng always encourages us to give ________ hand to others.
A. a B. an C. the D. 不填
17.(2023·沈阳) Betty is crazy about music. Her dream is to be a ________.
A. scientist B. painter C. musician D. writer
18. (2023·湖北荆州) —What can you learn from Journey to the West
—I learn that we should have enough _______ to overcome the difficulties in our life.
A. danger B. success C. courage D. excitement
19. (2023·湖北黄石) —Could you tell me the ________ of making such tasty dumplings
—Well, I just follow the steps on Tiktok.
A. cost B. method C. time D. menu
20. (2023·江苏扬州)—What places of interest are there in Yangzhou
—I recommend the Slender West Lake. A boat tour is a wonderful ________!
A. movement B. attraction C. experience D. research
21. (2023·安徽)The proper ________ of your spare time will make your life colorful.
A. date B. use C. name D. cause
22. (2023·长春)John Smith often looks through the news about _______ to know what’s on in the cinema.
A. films B. music C. books D. weather
23. (2023·山东滨州) —What’s your secret of writing so well
—I read a lot, and the works of Lu Xun had a strong ________ on me as a child.
A. difference B. attention C. situation D. influence
24. (2023·江苏南通) —________ are easily made, but not easily kept.
—That’s true. Once you make one, be sure to keep it.
A. Speeches B. Decisions C. Promises D. Suggestions
25. (2023·襄樊) —Mr. Fan runs at least half an hour every day.
—What a good ________! No wonder he looks healthy.
A. habit B. question C. article D. prediction
26.— It’s said that the two _________ doctors have just come back from Wuhan.
— Yeah, I know them. They are both already in their _________.
A. woman；sixty B. women；sixtieth C. women；sixties D. woman；sixties
27. All ________ received fresh flowers on Women’s Day.
A. woman teacher B. woman teachers C. women teachers D. women teacher
28. ________ father is a pilot. He has been to many countries around the world.
A. Tony and Peter’s B. Tony’s and Peter C. Tony’s and Peter’s
29.—The girl’s beautiful pronunciation caught our ________ in yesterday’s English speech competition.
—Yes, many students couldn’t help cheering for her.
A. condition B. attention C. invention D. position
30. —What do you think of Sophia and her work performance
—I think she is really able and friendly. It is a great ________ to work with her.
A. courage B. pleasure C. treasure D. worth
31. — Hello, Lucy, please give me some ________ on how to improve my English!
— You’d better keep ________ more English books.
A. advices; read B. advice; read C. advice; reading
32. I often have some ________ and ________ for dinner.
A. potatoes; meat B. potatoes; meats C. potato; meat D. potatos; meats
33. —Can I help you
—I’d like ________ for my friends.
A. two cup of yogurt B. two cups of yogurts C. two cups yogurt D. two cups of yogurt
34. —Tom, do you have a ________
—Yes. Here you are.
A. banana B. milk C. bread D. orange
35. Tom has many ________ for breakfast this morning.
A. chicken B. bread C. fruit D. carrots
36. I don’t know ________ about the air crash at the meeting. Could you please give some ________
A. what to talk, advice B. what to say, advice C. how to talk, advices D. how to say, advices
37. I don’t want to use your pen. I want to use ________.
A. somebody else’s B. somebody’s else C. somebody else D. somebody’s else’s
38. Nobody thought it is easy to finish so much work in _________.
A. two days’ time B. two-days time C. two day’s time D. two days time
39. —________ is it from our school to the subway station
—It’s about ________ walk.
A. How far; ten minutes B. How far; ten minutes’ C. How long; ten minutes D. How long; ten minutes’
40. Mary’s English is much better than __________ in the class.
A. any student’s B. any other student C. anyone else D. any other student’s
41. —Whose bikes are these
—They are ________.
A. Lily and Lucy B. Lily’s and Lucy’s C. Lily and Lucy’s D. Lily’s and Lucy
42. —I hear some ________ will go to your school.
—Yes. Some teachers from ________ will get here this afternoon.
A. Germans; Germany B. Germen; Germany C. Germans; German
43. —I want to buy ________ piano for my best friend. She is good at playing ________ piano.
—What do you think of ________ black one
A. a; the; an B. a; /; the C. a; the; the D. the; /; a
44. —Who is the girl________ red over there
—It’s my sister. She often plays________ ping pong after class.
A. in; / B. in; the C. on; / D. on; a
45. —Mom, why do we buy ______ apartment in the countryside
—Because there is ______ serious pollution in the city.
A. a; an B. an; / C. the; a D. /; the
46. China is ________ eastern country and it lies in ________ east of Asia.
A. an; / B. a ; an C. /; an D. an; the
47. Elliot is ________ 8-year-old boy. He is going to be ________ break dancer when he grows up.
A. an; a B. a; an C. the; a D. an; the
48. Tina is ________ American girl, but now she is studying in ________ university in China.
A. an; the B. a; the C. a; an D. an; a
49. Look! There is ________ football under the table. Let’s play ________ football.
A. a; a B. the; the C. the; / D. a; /
50. —The volunteers are picking up rubbish in our community.
—Yes. They’re making ______ effort to keep ______ community clean.
A. the; a B. an; a C. a; a D. an; the
51. —Do you know ________ girl in yellow
—Yes, she is a student of ________ university.
A. /; an B. the; a C. a; an D. an; /
52. Mr. Brown is from ________ European country, he considers the dog to be ________ honest friend.
A. an；a B. the；the C. a；an D. an；the
53. —Could you please tell me how to get to _______ nearest hospital
—Sure. Just go along Taihe Road until you pass a bookstore. Then turn _______ left and you can see it.
A. a; a B. a; / C. the; the D. the; /
54. —What do you want to be when you grow up
—I want to be ________ engineer and I am studying harder to go into ________ university in Beijing.
A. an; an B. a; a C. an; a D. a; an
55. — What ________ unusual journey we had!
— Well, life is always full of ________ surprises.
A. an; a B. an; the C. a; / D. an; /
56. Once upon a time, there was ________ emperor in Europe. ________ emperor was very stupid.
A. an, The B. a, the C. an, an D. The, an
57. Mary is studying in ________ university in Beijing now. She watched ________ educational film with her classmates yesterday.
A. a; an B. an; the C. an; an D. an; a
58. ______ second Sunday in May is Mother’s Day. It’s _____ special day for children to show their love to their mothers.
A. A; the B. The; a C. /; a D. /; the
59. Our English teacher tells us ________ interesting story and ________ story is about Thomas Edison.
A. an; a B. the; the C. a; the D. an; the
60. —Have you watched the Chinese film Return to Dust
—Sure. It’s ________ excellent film with ________ sad ending.
A. an; a B. an; an C. the; a D. the; an
61. The talent show gave people a chance to show their special ________.
A. abilities B. speed C. education D. sentences
62. —Sally spent most of the morning making phone calls and chatting with her friends. It made the boss really mad.
—I think she needs to get down to ________ and finish the project now.
A. trick B. ground C. deal D. business
63. If you want to work out the problem of stress, you need to find out the ______ first.
A. method B. suggestion C. thought D. cause
64. —Will you attend the meeting in person
—I decided to go there as a (n) _________ of support.
A. expression B. conversation C. pronunciation D. attention
65. — How can I get some ________ about the COVID-19 in China now
— Oh, why not watch the news on TV
A. information B. differences C. results D. reasons
66. If you are interested in something, it’s easy for you to pay ________ to it for a long time.
A. ability B. attention C. direction D. doubt
67. This is the most popular room of the whole museum because you can do lots of physics _________.
A. experiences B. expressions C. experiments D. exhibitions
68. The Three Gorges Dam produces ________ for millions of people in China.
A. operations B. electricity C. experiments D. chemistry
69. Parents shouldn’t do all the things for their children because too much ________ stops children’s development.
A. protection B. pollution C. introduction D. application
70. There’s nothing wrong with my eyes. But I must follow the doctor’s ___ to take a rest after using them for a long time.
A. invitations B. introductions C. instructions D. applications
71. —Have you decided whether to take the family trip to Xinghua Cauliflower
—No. It depends on the ________ we’ll come to at tonight’s family meeting.
A. conclusion B. conversation C. communication D. competition
72. —We can always find something good in a bad ________ if we look for it.
—-I can’t agree more. Let’s make full use of what comes.
A. situation B. competition C. direction D. instruction
73. The first settlers(移民) from England were in a hard ________ when they arrived in America because it was a cold winter and they had ________ food.
A. condition; little B. situation; little C. condition; a little D. situation; a little
75. The satellite(卫星) will build a ________ bridge between controllers on the Earth and the far side of the Moon.
A. situation B. communication C. celebration D. competition
76. — Why did he make no ________ to be understood or liked
— He didn’t care what others think of him.
A. risk B. effort C. suggestion D. balance
77. The core（核心）of your ________ is that you and your work partner will always be there to help each other in a team.
A. friendship B. membership C. relationship D. leadership
78. —Jack is the person who never gives up his dream even though he is in a difficult situation.
—I agree with you. We all admire(仰慕) him for his strong ________.
A. body B. opinion C. decision D. spirit
79. At weekends, ________ doctors like going to ________.
A. woman; shoe shops B. women; flowers shops C. woman; sport shops D. women; clothes shops
80. To learn a language is not just learning new words and grammar. We should also learn about the ________ behind it.
A. science B. culture C. examples D. problems
81. Chinese player Su Bingtian made history this summer in the 100-meter running _______ at the Tokyo Olympic Games.
A. discussion B. vacation C. competition D. instruction
82. My driving coach is a teacher with ________ experience and we can learn ________ from him.
A. a great deal of; a great deal B. a great deal; a great deal of
C. a great number of; a great deal D. plenty of; a great deal of
83. Mr. Byers built a private library for enjoying the ________ of being able to lift a hand and touch the world.
A. loneliness B. sadness C. happiness D. fairness
84. Teachers sometimes work as a(n) ________ to help you out and lead your life to be right way.
A. officer B. musician C. engineer D. guide
85. —Have you decided what to do next
—No, it depends on what ________ we’ll make from this discussion.
A. conclusion B. conversation C. condition D. competition
86. Yuan Longping and his team developed a kind of hybrid rice which has many ________ over other kinds of rice.
A. advantages B. activities C. agreement D. advice
87. —Do you know the Chinese idiom (成语) “Mengzi’s mother makes three moves”
—Yes. It tells of a mother who did all she could to provide better ________ for her child.
A. experience B. instruction C. environment D. information
88. — These days teenagers often have to do what they are told to do.
— It’s not good for their ________. They need to think by themselves.
A. habit B. independence C. interest D. behavior
89. The number of the ________ using Huawei is getting larger and larger.
A. cultures B. customers C. products D. histories
90. —Amy is the most confident girl I have ever seen.
—I guess her confidence is a __________ of her happy childhood.
A. product B. direction C. background D. expression
91. My sister has three pen friends. One is _________ , and the other two are _________.
A. Japanese; America B. Russian; Germany C. Canada; Australian D. English; Frenchmen
92. —More and more tourists from all over the world come to visit the Three Gorges（三峡）in Chongqing.
—That’s true. It has become the ________ of Chongqing.
A. effort B. praise C. courage D. pride
93. —Nantong has improved the working ________ of workers recently.
—That’s why they seem satisfied (满意的) with their factories.
A. habits B. knowledge C. communication D. conditions
94. — Although the double reduction policy（双减政策）has been carried out, I am still certain that there is little ________ that Senior high school entrance examination will be cancelled（取消）.
— I can’t agree more. It’s the most important method to pick high-quality talents.
A. change B. chance C. cause D. challenge
95. Though Bill is very young, he has a lot of ________ about Chinese history.
A. expressions B. knowledge C. attention D. experience
96. —Kids from happy families are more confident.
— That’s true. A happy family provides a loving __________ for its children.
A. environment B. activity C. expression D. development
97. Decide what you want, then set a ________ and keep on racing until you finish it.
A. rule B. goal C. record D. line
98. The movie Watergate Bridge （水门桥）that drew a lot of ________ and praise has been a hot topic on the Internet.
A. attention B. wisdom C. education D. wealth
99 ________ can make students happy and want to make more progress in their study.
A. Shame B. Praise C. Doubt D. Strictness
100. All the soldiers arrived at 6:00 in the morning because it’s a (an) ________ for them.
A. order B. wonder C. deal D. reason
101. The Chinese medicine is the ________ in China and it makes a great difference to health care of Chinese people.
A. spirit B. tradition C. treasure D. business
102. Steve is always full of ____. He not only takes all kinds of activities at school, but also helps with housework at home.
A. fun B. pride C. energy D. hope
103. Having dinner together on New Year’s Eve has always been a big deal for my family and it gives us lots of ________.
A. pleasure B. ability C. spirit D. time
104. Our teachers tell us that knowledge will give us want to leave.
A. wings B. hope C. energy D. choices
105. After having a long talk, George made a ________ to his head teacher that he would work hard.
A. promise B. chance C. treat D. trick
106. —How did ancient people tell the time
—They did that from the ______ of the sun.
A. tradition B. condition C. position D. situation
107. After having a long talk, George made a ________ to his head teacher that he would work hard.
A promise B. chance C. treat D. trick
108. In the camera, these photos record my mom’s bright and unforgettable ________ at an early age.
A. points B. moments C. goals D. steps
109. Since the dumpling is in the ________ of an ancient Chinese gold ingot (锭), it stands for wealth in our culture.
A. taste B. weight C. price D. shape
110. Thanks to the team spirit, we got the ________ in the end and all of us will value this experience.
A. courage B. knowledge C. victory D. pleasure
111. Teenagers shouldn’t sit there for daydreaming. No one can achieve anything without _________.
A. effort B. standard C. ability D. pride
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专题8 名词，冠词
【名词】
名词属于十大词类中的一种，主要包括普通名词和专有名词两种。纵观近几年中考对于名词的考查，主要以选择题和填空题为主，考查内容以词义理解、名词所有格及词形转换居多。在备考2024年中考时，注意掌握名词变复数的变化规则，掌握不可数名词向可数名词转化的规律，名词所有格的用法，名词的句法功能等，并做到灵活运用，以便提高综合运用能力。
中考的考向：
一、名词词义辨析；（重点考题）
二、名词的数；
三、名词所有格。
考向一：名词的辨异（重点考向）：
名词辨异有形近辨异和近义辨异。在于平时多积累。学会在语境中判断和运用。（参考专题1名词辨异）
考向二：名词的数：
可数名词是指能以数目来计算，可以分成个体的人或东西，因此它有复数形式。如cup(杯子)，cat(猫)等。
1. 可数名词可分为单数和复数。常见修饰可数名词的词或词组：
a, an, a few, many, a number of, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, some, any ... (其中 a few 表示肯定，few 表示否定，a few, many, a number of, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, some, any后都要加名词复数)
如：many people, a number of students
2. 可数名词复数形式的规则变化：
(1) 一般情况下在词尾加-s。
(2) 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，把 y 改成 i 再加es。
(3) 以 o 结尾的名词有些加-es，也有些加-s。
(4) 以s, x, sh, ch结尾的名词加-es。
(5) 以f或fe结尾的名词把f或fe改为-ves。
注意：roof的复数是roofs。
【不可数名词】
1. 不可数名词一般只有单数形式，没有复数形式，专有名词、物质名词和抽象名词一般为不可数名词，常见的不可数名词有：
food, meat, fish, medicine, music, news, beef, pork, chocolate, coffee, cotton, fruit, grass, hair, housework, homework, ice, ice cream, milk, information, money, rice, sugar, bread, water, advice, weather, wood, work, rain, English, Maths ...
2. 不可数名词没有复数形式，不能直接用a(an)或基数词one(two)等来修饰。如果要表示数量，要用 of 短语或者特定的词或短语表示，如：a piece of paper, a cup of tea, little water 等表达形式。
3. 某些名词，表示物质或抽象概念时是不可数的，而在表示个体概念时是可数的。
如：A glass is made of glass. 玻璃杯是由玻璃制成的。
句中第一个 glass 是玻璃杯，是个体名词，可数；第二个 glass 是物质名词，不可数。
如： I have already finished a paper. 我已经完成一篇论文。
句中的 paper 用作论文（试卷、报纸）可数，用作paper（纸）不可数。
4. 常见修饰不可数名词的词或词组有：
some, much, a little, little, a bit of, a great deal of, plenty of, a lot of, lots of, any ...
如：some money, a little water, a bit of coffee
考向二：名词所有格：
1. 名词所有格一般在名词后面加’s构成，意思是“……的”。主要用于表示人或有生命的东西。
如：Mike’s basketball, John’s shirt
2. 名词所有格也可以表示时间、距离、重量和某些无生命的东西。
如： fifty minutes’ bus ride(50分钟的车程)，yesterday’s newspaper
3. 除了在名词后面加’s外，名词所有格的构成还有：
(1) 以 s 结尾的复数名词的所有格，只需在词尾加’。
如：the teachers’ office, the students’ books
(2) 不以 s 结尾的复数名词，应在词尾加’s。
如：Women’s Day, children’s clothes shop(儿童服装店)
(3) 表示几个人共有的人或物，只需在最后一个名词后加 ’s。
如：Jill and Tommy’s room(吉尔和汤米的房间)
(4) 如果表示各自拥有的人或物，则每个名词后都加’s。
如：Albert’s and Mary’s fathers(阿尔伯特的爸爸和玛丽的爸爸)
4. 知识小tips:
(1) a two-metre-long desk也是名词所有格的一种形式，metre不能用复数形式。
如：a two-day holiday(两天的假期)，an eight-year-old boy(一个八岁的男孩)，
the girls’ 200-metre race(女子200米比赛 )
(2) 名词可作定语，修饰另一个名词。
如：a banana tree(一棵香蕉树)，two baby cats(两只小猫)，a paper tiger(一只纸老虎)
(3) 如果作定语的是man和woman， 其单复数就要跟着所修饰的名词变化而变化。
如：a woman worker(一个女工人)， three men doctors(三个男医生)
1.（2023·武汉）—Peter was picked out to be on the school volleyball team.
—His height gives him a big ________.
A. situation B. challenge C. achievement D. advantage
【透析】 解答此题时我们要分辨每个选项的意义，所以在平时学习中一定要掌握和积累单词，做到厚积薄发。这道考题是考查名词的辨异。明白每个选项的意义后，再根据本题这一小语境下做出正确的选择。语境：选拔排球队员和身高。可知身高在选拔中是一个优势。故答案选D
2.（2023·四川重庆）This year, the family went camping on ________ Day, June 1st.
A. Child B. Child’s C. Children D. Children’s
【答案】D
【解析】句意：今年，全家在6月1日儿童节去露营。
考查名词所有格。由语境可知，此处指“儿童节”，英文表达为“Children’s Day”。故选D。
3. （2023·长春）John Smith often looks through the news about _______ to know what’s on in the cinema.
A. films B. music C. books D. weather
【答案】A
【解析】
【解析】句意：约翰·史密斯经常浏览电影新闻，想知道电影院在上映什么。
考查名词辨析。films电影；music音乐；books书；weather天气。根据“o know what’s on in the cinema”可知想要知道电影院在上映什么，由此知道经常浏览电影新闻。故选A。
【冠词】
冠词是一种虚词，是名词的一种标志，不能独立担任任何句子成分，只能附着在一个名词上，帮助说明其词义。对于冠词的考查，往往集中于a、an的用法区别，定冠词的用法，不用冠词的情况，习惯用语中冠词的用法等几个方面。考查形式以单项选择为主，有时也会在完形填空、完成句子等类型的题目中出现。在学习过程中，不但要掌握不同类型的冠词的用法，还要注意习惯搭配中的冠词的使用情况。
中考的考向：
一、冠词的用法；
二、不用冠词的情况；
考向1 冠词的分类
分类 说明 例子
不定冠词 a 用于以辅音音素开头的单词前 a gift 一份礼物，a plane 一架飞机，a useful book 一本有用的书
an 用于以元音音素开头的单词前 an hour 一小时，an apple 一个苹果，an honest girl 一个诚实的女孩
定冠词 the 只有一种形式，一般用于特指 the pen you write with 你写字的钢笔，the Chinese movie 那部中国影片
考向2 冠词的基本用法
一、 不定冠词a、an的用法
1. a和an都用于可数名词单数前，泛指人和物。表示可数事物中的一个。但两者用法有区别：
（1）若随后的单词以辅音音素开头，用 a。如：a lot of，a good idea，a pear。
（2）若随后的单词以元音音素开头，用 an。如：an example，an orange，an apple。
二、定冠词the的用法
用法 例子
1. 用于特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。 This is the city where my grandfather once lived.
2. 用于指谈话双方知道的人或事物。 Would you mind my opening the window
3. 用于复述上文提过的人或事物（第一次提到用＂a或an＂，以后再次提到用＂the＂） Jim lives in a small village. In the village, there is an old tree.
4. 用在序数词和形容词最高级前。 Spring is the first season of a year. This is the most interesting movie I have ever seen.
5. 用于表示方向、方位的名词前。 in the east 在东方 in the front 在前面 at the back 在后面 in the bottom 在底部
6.用在世界上独一无二的事物或乐器前。 the sun, the moon, play the piano
7.用于姓氏的复数前表示“一家人”或“夫妇”。 The Turners are at breakfast table.
8.与某些形容词连用表示一类人或事物。 The young should help the old.
9.用于由普通名词构成的专有名词前。 the Great Wall, the United States
10用在西洋乐器单数可数名词前。 play the piano 弹钢琴 play the violin 拉小提琴
13. 用在某些固定的表达法。
in the morning 在早上 in the afternoon 在下午
in the evening 在晚上 go to the cinema 去看电影
in the world 在世界上 all the year round 一年到头
on the way to 在去……去的路上
三、不用冠词的情况
用法 例子
1.在专有名词或不可数名词前。 Paper is made of wood.
2.名词前有指示代词、物主代词或不定代词作定语。 Go along this road. Every student likes English in our class.
3.复数名词表示一类人或事物时。 My parents are teachers.
4.在节日、日期、月份、季节前。 Today is Children’s Day. It’s hot in summer.
5.在一日三餐、球类运动、学科的名词前。 He went to school without breakfast. Let’s play football after school.
6.在某些固定短语中。 in bed, in hospital, on foot, at school
1.（2023·广州·语法选择）But _____ last one that came out was not strong at all.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
【答案】C
【解析】句意：但是最后一只鸟出来了，并没有那么强壮。
a/an是不定冠词，表示泛指。a用在辅音音素前；an用在元音音素前。the是定冠词，表示特指。此处特指最后一只鸟，用the。故选C。
2.（2023·吉林长春）James is _______ hard-working engineer. His spirit encourages us.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
【答案】A
【解析】句意：詹姆斯是一位勤奋的工程师。他的精神鼓舞着我们。
考查冠词辨析。此处表示泛指，且hard是以辅音音素开头的，故选A。
3. （2023·江苏镇江）It is said that Panda Ya Ya will live ________ rest of her life in her hometown, China.
A. a B. an C. the D. 不填
【答案】C
【解析】句意：据说熊猫丫丫将在她的家乡中国度过余生。
考查冠词用法。live the rest of one’s life“度过余生”，固定搭配。故选C。
1. （2023·吉林） Jenny ordered a hamburger and ________ hamburger was nice.
A. a B. an C. the
【答案】C
【解析】句意：珍妮点了一个汉堡包，汉堡包很好吃。
考查冠词的用法。此处特指珍妮点的那个汉堡，用定冠词the。故选C。
2. （2023·江苏镇江）The main ________ of the cities along the Grand Canal (大运河) is history and culture.
A. attraction B. pollution C. invention D. situation
【答案】A
【解析】句意：大运河沿岸城市最吸引人的地方是历史和文化。
考查名词辨析。attraction有吸引力的特征；pollution污染；invention发明；situation情况。根据“the Grand Canal (大运河) is history and culture.”可知，是指大运河沿岸城市的历史和文化很吸引人，故选A。
3. (2023·江苏连云港) China is ________ country with a history of more than 5,000 years.
A. the B. a C. an D. /
【答案】B
【解析】句意：中国是一个有着五千多年历史的国家。
考查不定冠词表泛指。the表特指；a一，用于辅音音素开头的单词前；an一，用于元音音素开头的单词前；/不用冠词。根据“country”可知应用不定冠词泛指“一个国家”，且其为辅音音素开头的单词，因此不定冠词用a。故选B。
4. (2023·江苏南通) As a student in modern China, everybody should work hard to live ________ meaningful life.
A. a B. an C. the D. 不填
【答案】A
【解析】句意：作为现代中国的学生，每个人都应该努力工作，过有意义的生活。
考查冠词。此处用live a/an ... life表示“过着……的生活”，meaningful以辅音音素开头，其前用不定冠词a。故选A。
5.(2023·江苏宿迁) —Betty began to play ________ violin at the age of four.
—No wonder she plays so well.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
【答案】C
【解析】句意：——贝蒂四岁开始拉小提琴。——怪不得她拉得这么好。
考查冠词。a不定冠词，表泛指，后接以辅音音素开头的单词；an不定冠词，表泛指，后接以元音音素开头的单词；the定冠词；/零冠词。violin是乐器，乐器前应加定冠词the。play the violin“拉小提琴”。故选C。
6.(2023·江苏宿迁) —The girl’s beautiful pronunciation caught our ________ in yesterday’s English speech competition.
—Yes, many students couldn’t help cheering for her.
A. condition B. attention C. invention D. position
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——在昨天的英语演讲比赛中，这个女孩优美的发音引起了我们的注意。——是的，许多学生忍不住为她欢呼。
考查名词辨析。condition条件；attention注意；invention发明；position位置。根据“Yes, many students couldn’t help cheering for her.”可知引起了大家的注意。故选B。
7.(2023·江苏无锡) —Let’s go and get something to eat. What do you ________
—How about fish and chips
A. suggest B. imagine C. suppose D. insist
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——我们去吃点东西吧。你有什么建议？——鱼和薯条怎么样？
考查动词辨析。suggest建议；imagine想象；suppose设想；insist坚持。根据“How about fish and chips”可知，询问对方的建议，故选A。
8.(2023·江苏扬州)Yangzhou is ________ city full of ________ history, culture and mouthwatering food.
A. the; a B. a; a C. the; the D. a; /
【答案】D
【解析】句意：扬州是一座充满历史、文化和令人垂涎的美食的城市。
考查冠词。第一个空泛指“一个城市”，city以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a，排除AC；根据“full of...history, culture...”可知此处指充满历史、文化等的城市，此处history是不可数名词，排除B。故选D。
9.(2023·江苏扬州)We don’t ________ much from the kids because they can’t understand the value of this work.
A. express B. excuse C. expect D. explain
【答案】C
【解析】句意：我们对孩子们期望不高，因为他们无法理解这项工作的价值。
考查动词辨析。express表达；excuse原谅；expect要求，指望；explain解释。根据“because they can’t understand the value of this work.”可知，不能对孩子有太高的期望，故选C。
10.(2023·山东滨州) —What do you think of the guide book Lonely Planet
—Oh, it is really _________ useful one. You can always find _________ information you need while traveling.
A. a; a B. an; an C. a; the D. an; the
【答案】C
【解析】句意：——你觉得指南书《Lonely Planet》怎么样？——哦，它真的很有用。旅行时你总能找到你需要的信息。
考查冠词。第一个空泛指“一本有用的书”，useful以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a，排除BD；第二个空特指“你需要的信息”，用定冠词the。故选C。
11.(2023·山东青岛) I watched The Wandering Earth Ⅱ last night. It is ________ wonderful film.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
【答案】A
【解析】句意：我昨晚看了《流浪地球Ⅱ》。这是一部精彩的电影。
考查冠词的用法。此处泛指一部电影，“wonderful”首字母发辅音音素，故选A。
12.(2023·山东青岛) Before flying a plane, a ________ must take a lot of training.
A. policeman B. musician C. nurse D. pilot
【答案】D
【解析】句意：在驾驶飞机之前，飞行员必须接受大量的训练。
考查名词辨析。policeman警察；musician音乐家；nurse护士；pilot飞行员。根据“Before flying a plane”可知驾驶飞机的是飞行员。故选D。
13.(2023·江西). —Kevin, could you pass me some ________ It’s so hot today. I’m really thirsty.
—OK. Here you are.
A. rice B. bread C. water D. chicken
【答案】C
【解析】句意：——凯文，你能递给我一些水吗？今天很热。我真的很渴。——好的。给你。
考查名词辨析。rice米；bread面包；water水；chicken鸡肉。根据“I’m really thirsty.”可知口渴要喝水。故选C。
14.(2023·天津)My mother is making ________ apple pie and I want to try ________ piece.
A. a; an B. a; 不填 C. an; a D. an; 不填
【答案】C
【解析】句意：我妈妈正做一个苹果派，我想尝一口。
考查冠词用法。空一处泛指“一个苹果派”，且apple是以元音音素开头，需用不定冠词an，可排除AB选项；空二是指“尝一块”，try a piece表示“尝一块”。故选C。
15.(2023·天津). People all over the world love pandas, and the panda has become a ________ of China.
A. festival B. poem C. guest D. symbol
【答案】D
【解析】句意：全世界的人都喜欢熊猫，熊猫已经成为中国的象征。
考查名词辨析。festival节日；poem诗；guest客人；symbol象征。根据“panda”以及常识可知熊猫是中国的象征，故选D。
16.(2023·沈阳)The spirit of Lei Feng always encourages us to give ________ hand to others.
A. a B. an C. the D. 不填
【答案】A
【解析】句意：雷锋精神总是鼓励我们去帮助别人。
考查冠词。give a hand to sb.“帮某人一把”，是固定搭配。故选A。
17.(2023·沈阳) Betty is crazy about music. Her dream is to be a ________.
A. scientist B. painter C. musician D. writer
【答案】C
【解析】句意：贝蒂对音乐很着迷。她的梦想是成为一名音乐家。
考查名词辨析。scientist科学家；painter画家；musician音乐家；writer作家。根据“Betty is crazy about music.”可知痴迷于音乐，想要成为音乐家。故选C。
18. (2023·湖北荆州) —What can you learn from Journey to the West
—I learn that we should have enough _______ to overcome the difficulties in our life.
A. danger B. success C. courage D. excitement
【答案】C
【解析】句意：——从《西游记》中你能从中学到什么？——我学会了我们应该有足够的勇气去克服生活中的困难。
考查名词辨析。danger危险；success成功；courage勇气；excitement兴奋。根据“we should have enough…to overcome the difficulties in our life.”可知，克服生活中的困难需要足够的勇气。故选C。
19. (2023·湖北黄石) —Could you tell me the ________ of making such tasty dumplings
—Well, I just follow the steps on Tiktok.
A. cost B. method C. time D. menu
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——你能告诉我做这么好吃的饺子的方法吗？——嗯，我只是按照抖音上的步骤。
考查名词辨析。cost费用；method方法；time时间；menu菜单。根据“Could you tell me the...of making such tasty dumplings ”可知，询问做饺子的方法，故选B。
20. (2023·江苏扬州)—What places of interest are there in Yangzhou
—I recommend the Slender West Lake. A boat tour is a wonderful ________!
A. movement B. attraction C. experience D. research
【答案】C
【解析】句意：——扬州有哪些名胜古迹？——我推荐瘦西湖。乘船游览是一种美妙的体验！
考查名词辨析。movement移动，转移；attraction有吸引力的事物；experience经历；research研究。根据“A boat tour is a wonderful”可知，此处说的是一种体验/经历，故选C。
21. (2023·安徽)The proper ________ of your spare time will make your life colorful.
A. date B. use C. name D. cause
【答案】B
【解析】句意：恰当地使用空闲时间会使你的生活丰富多彩。
考查名词辨析。date日期；use使用；name名字；cause原因。根据“…will make your life colorful.”可知，想让生活丰富多彩，就要利用好空闲时间。故选B。
22. (2023·长春)John Smith often looks through the news about _______ to know what’s on in the cinema.
A. films B. music C. books D. weather
【答案】A
【解析】句意：约翰·史密斯经常浏览电影新闻，想知道电影院在上映什么。
考查名词辨析。films电影；music音乐；books书；weather天气。根据“o know what’s on in the cinema”可知想要知道电影院在上映什么，由此知道经常浏览电影新闻。故选A。
23. (2023·山东滨州) —What’s your secret of writing so well
—I read a lot, and the works of Lu Xun had a strong ________ on me as a child.
A. difference B. attention C. situation D. influence
【答案】D
【解析】句意：——你写得这么好的秘诀是什么？——我读了很多书，鲁迅的作品对我小时候有很大的影响。
考查名词辨析。difference不同；attention关注；situation情况；influence影响。根据“the works of Lu Xun had a strong...on me”可知鲁迅的作品对我有影响。故选D。
24. (2023·江苏南通) —________ are easily made, but not easily kept.
—That’s true. Once you make one, be sure to keep it.
A. Speeches B. Decisions C. Promises D. Suggestions
【答案】C
【解析】句意：——承诺容易许下，遵守却不容易。——这是真的。一旦你做出了决定，一定要守诺。
考查名词辨析。Speeches演讲；Decisions决定；Promises承诺；Suggestions建议。根据“... are easily made, but not easily kept.”结合常识可知容易许下却不易遵守的是承诺。故选C。
25. (2023·襄樊) —Mr. Fan runs at least half an hour every day.
—What a good ________! No wonder he looks healthy.
A. habit B. question C. article D. prediction
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——范先生每天至少跑步半个小时。——多么好的习惯！难怪他看起来健康。
考查名词辨析。habit习惯；question问题；article文章；prediction预测。根据“Mr. Fan runs at least half an hour every day.”可知每天跑步是一个好习惯。故选A。
26.— It’s said that the two _________ doctors have just come back from Wuhan.
— Yeah, I know them. They are both already in their _________.
A. woman；sixty B. women；sixtieth C. women；sixties D. woman；sixties
【答案】C
【解析】句意：——听说这两位女医生刚从武汉回来。——是的，我认识她们。她们都已经六十多岁了。
考查名词复数和年龄段表达。根据英语语法，以man、woman修饰的职业名称变复数时，man、woman也要变成复数，第一空后名词doctors为复数，故woman应用复数形式women，A、D选项可排除；“in one’s +基数词复数”为固定搭配，意为“在某人几十岁时”，第二空应填sixty的复数形式sixties，故选C。
27. All ________ received fresh flowers on Women’s Day.
A. woman teacher B. woman teachers C. women teachers D. women teacher
【答案】C
【解析】句意：所有的女老师们都在妇女节这一天收到了鲜花。
考查复合名词复数的用法。“女教师”由woman teacher来表示，而由句中的“女教师们”可知这里应用复合名词的复数形式，其变化规则为两个名词都应变成其复数形式，为women teachers。故选C。
28. ________ father is a pilot. He has been to many countries around the world.
A. Tony and Peter’s B. Tony’s and Peter C. Tony’s and Peter’s
【答案】A
【解析】句意：托尼和彼得的爸爸是飞行员。他去过世界上许多国家。
考查名词所有格。根据“father”可知，此处指两个人共有的爸爸，在后一个人名后加’s，故选A。
29.—The girl’s beautiful pronunciation caught our ________ in yesterday’s English speech competition.
—Yes, many students couldn’t help cheering for her.
A. condition B. attention C. invention D. position
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——在昨天的英语演讲比赛中，这个女孩优美的发音引起了我们的注意。——是的，许多学生忍不住为她欢呼。
考查名词辨析。condition条件；attention注意；invention发明；position位置。根据“Yes, many students couldn’t help cheering for her.”可知引起了大家的注意。故选B。
30. —What do you think of Sophia and her work performance
—I think she is really able and friendly. It is a great ________ to work with her.
A. courage B. pleasure C. treasure D. worth
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——你觉得Sophia和她的工作表现怎么样？——我认为她真的很能干而且很友好。很高兴能和她一起工作。
考查名词辨析。courage勇气；pleasure高兴；treasure财富；worth值得。根据“I think she is really able and friendly”可知她很友好，所以很高兴能和她一起工作，故选B。
31. — Hello, Lucy, please give me some ________ on how to improve my English!
— You’d better keep ________ more English books.
A. advices; read B. advice; read C. advice; reading
【答案】C
【解析】句意：——你好，露西，请给我一些如何提高英语的建议！——你最好继续多读英语书。
考查不可数名词的用法以及非谓语动词。advice是不可数名词，不能加s，排除A；keep doing sth.“继续做某事”，动名词作宾语。故选C。
32. I often have some ________ and ________ for dinner.
A. potatoes; meat B. potatoes; meats C. potato; meat D. potatos; meats
【答案】A
【解析】句意：我晚餐经常吃一些土豆和肉。
考查名词的用法。some修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词，potato的复数是potatoes，meat是不可数名词。故选A。
33. —Can I help you
—I’d like ________ for my friends.
A. two cup of yogurt B. two cups of yogurts C. two cups yogurt D. two cups of yogurt
【答案】D
【解析】句意：——我能帮助你吗？——我想要为我朋友买两杯酸奶。
考查名词量的表达。数词+量词+of+不可数名词。two cup of yogurt错误写法；two cups of yogurts 错误写法；two cups yogurt错误写法；two cups of yogurt两杯酸奶。故选D。
34. —Tom, do you have a ________
—Yes. Here you are.
A. banana B. milk C. bread D. orange
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——汤姆，你有一个香蕉吗？——有，给你。
考查名词。banana香蕉，可数名词；milk牛奶，不可数；bread面包，不可数； orange橙子，可数。根据不定冠词“a”可知，此空填可数名词单数，且该单词是以辅音音素开头的单词。故选A。
35. Tom has many ________ for breakfast this morning.
A. chicken B. bread C. fruit D. carrots
【答案】D
【解析】句意：汤姆今天早餐吃了很多胡萝卜。
考查名词辨析。chicken鸡肉，不可数名词；bread面包，不可数名词；fruit水果，不可数名词；carrots胡萝卜，复数名词。根据“many”后接复数名词可知，只有carrots符合题意。故选D。
36. I don’t know ________ about the air crash at the meeting. Could you please give some ________
A. what to talk, advice B. what to say, advice C. how to talk, advices D. how to say, advices
【答案】B
【解析】句意：我不知道该在会上关于空难该说些什么。你能给我一些建议吗？
考查疑问词+动词不定式的结构和不可数名词。根据“I don’t know…about the air crash at the meeting. ”可知此句是宾语从句，“the air crash at the meeting”是“说”的内容，应用动词say，排除选项A和C；advice“意为建议”，是不可数名词， give some advice意为“给一些建议”，排除选项D。故选B。
37. I don’t want to use your pen. I want to use ________.
A. somebody else’s B. somebody’s else C. somebody else D. somebody’s else’s
【答案】A
【解析】句意：我不想要用你的钢笔。我想要其他人的。
考查名词所有格。somebody else’s其他人的；somebody’s else错误表达；somebody else其他人；somebody’s else’s错误表达。空处需要填写名词所有格，表示“其他人的钢笔”，somebody else“其他人”，表示名词所有格使用somebody else’s，故选A。
38. Nobody thought it is easy to finish so much work in _________.
A. two days’ time B. two-days time C. two day’s time D. two days time
【答案】A
【解析】句意：没有人认为在两天内完成这么多工作是容易的。
考查名词所有格。根据语境可知，此处指“两天的时间”，可用“基数词+复数名词的所有格+名词”；也可以用复合名词，基数词和名词之间要有连字符隔开，且名词只能用单数形式；据此，排除选项BCD；这里表示“两天的时间”用two days’ time，故选A。
39. —________ is it from our school to the subway station
—It’s about ________ walk.
A. How far; ten minutes B. How far; ten minutes’ C. How long; ten minutes D. How long; ten minutes’
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——从我们学校到地铁站有多远？ ——步行大约十分钟。
考查特殊疑问句。how far多远，提问距离；how long多长时间，提问时间。ten minutes十分钟； ten minutes’十分钟的。根据答语可知，第一个空问从我们学校到地铁站有多远，用how far提问；第二个空修饰名词walk用名词所有格形式。故选B。
40. Mary’s English is much better than __________ in the class.
A. any student’s B. any other student C. anyone else D. any other student’s
【答案】D
【解析】句意：玛丽的英语比班上其他任何学生都要好得多。
考查所有格。any student’s任何学生的；any other student其他任何学生；anyone else其他任何人any other student’s其他任何学生的；any other指在同一范围内除了某人或某物以外的其他人或物。这里比较的对象是英语成绩，故用名词所有格any other student’s。故选D。
41. —Whose bikes are these
—They are ________.
A. Lily and Lucy B. Lily’s and Lucy’s C. Lily and Lucy’s D. Lily’s and Lucy
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——这些是谁的自行车？——它们是莉莉和露西的。
考查名词所有格。由提示词are判断，这里应该是莉莉和露西都有自行车，因此应该是在每个人名后都加’s。也就是Lily’s and Lucy’s的表达。选项C是两个人共用一辆自行车，不符合语境，排除。故选B。
42. —I hear some ________ will go to your school.
—Yes. Some teachers from ________ will get here this afternoon.
A. Germans; Germany B. Germen; Germany C. Germans; German
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——我听说一些德国人将要去你们学校。——是的。一些来自德国的老师今天下午将会到这里。
考查词义辨析。German德国人，复数形式是Germans；Germany德国。根据“some...will go to your school”并结合选项可知，第一空使用Germans，表示一些德国人来学校；根据“Some teachers from”可知，第二空使用Germany，表示来自德国的老师。故选A。
43. —I want to buy ________ piano for my best friend. She is good at playing ________ piano.
—What do you think of ________ black one
A. a; the; an B. a; /; the C. a; the; the D. the; /; a
【答案】C
【解析】句意：——我想给我最好的朋友买一架钢琴。她擅长弹钢琴。——你觉得那个黑色的怎么样？
考查冠词。第一个空泛指“一架钢琴”，piano以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a；play the piano“弹钢琴”，表示弹奏的乐器前加定冠词the；根据“black one”可知此处特指黑色的那个，用定冠词the。故选C。
44. —Who is the girl________ red over there
—It’s my sister. She often plays________ ping pong after class.
A. in; / B. in; the C. on; / D. on; a
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——那边穿红衣服的女孩是谁？——是我姐姐。她经常在课后打乒乓球。
考查介词和冠词的用法。in+颜色表示“穿着什么颜色的衣服”；on表示“在……上面”；/是零冠词，一般用在球类和三餐前；the是定冠词，表示特指；a是不定冠词，表泛指，用于以辅音音素开头的单词前。red是指颜色，故第一空用in；ping pong是球类，前不用冠词。故选A。
45. —Mom, why do we buy ______ apartment in the countryside
—Because there is ______ serious pollution in the city.
A. a; an B. an; / C. the; a D. /; the
【答案】B
【解析】——妈妈，我们为什么要在乡下买一个公寓？——因为城市里有严重的污染。
考查冠词的用法。根据“why do we buy…apartment in the countryside”可知，此处“apartment”为泛指，又因“apartment”为以元音音素开头的可数名词，所以，第一空需填入an；根据“Because there is…serious pollution in the city.”可知，此处“pollution”也为泛指，又因它为不可数名词，所以，前面无需用冠词。故选B。
46. China is ________ eastern country and it lies in ________ east of Asia.
A. an; / B. a ; an C. /; an D. an; the
【答案】D
【解析】句意：中国是一个发展中国家，它位于亚洲的东部。
考查冠词。a不定冠词，表泛指，用于辅音音素开头的词前；an不定冠词，表泛指，用于元音音素开头的词前；the定冠词，表特指；/零冠词，不用冠词。根据语境可知，第一空泛指“一个”，并且eastern以元音音素开头，故用不定冠词an；第二空由“east of Asia”可知，表示方位的名词前应用冠词the。故选D。
47. Elliot is ________ 8-year-old boy. He is going to be ________ break dancer when he grows up.
A. an; a B. a; an C. the; a D. an; the
【答案】A
【解析】句意：Elliot是一个8岁的男孩。他长大后要当霹雳舞演员。
考查冠词。分析题干可知，第一空泛指一个8岁的男孩，8(eight)是以元音音素开头，应用an；第二空泛指一名霹雳舞演员，break以辅音音素开头，应用a。故选A。
48. Tina is ________ American girl, but now she is studying in ________ university in China.
A. an; the B. a; the C. a; an D. an; a
【答案】D
【解析】句意：蒂娜是一个美国女孩，但现在她在中国的一所大学学习。
考查冠词。a一个，修饰以辅音音素开头的单词；an一个，修饰以元音音素开头的单词；the表示特指。第一个空，泛指一个美国女孩。American是以元音音素开头，用an修饰。第二个空，泛指一所大学。university是以辅音音素开头，用a修饰。故选D。
49. Look! There is ________ football under the table. Let’s play ________ football.
A. a; a B. the; the C. the; / D. a; /
【答案】D
【解析】句意：看！桌子底下有一个足球。我们一起踢足球吧。
考查冠词。a一个，不定冠词，表泛指，表示数量，用在以辅音音素开头的单词前；the这个/这些，定冠词，表特指；/表示不填，零冠词。分析句子可知，第一空表泛指，表示数量，应使用不定冠词，且football是以辅音音素开头的单词，其前应使用不定冠词a修饰；第二空不填，零冠词，英文中play与球类连用，球类前是零冠词，play football“踢足球”。 故选D。
50. —The volunteers are picking up rubbish in our community.
—Yes. They’re making ______ effort to keep ______ community clean.
A. the; a B. an; a C. a; a D. an; the
【答案】D
【解析】句意：——志愿者们正在我们社区捡垃圾。——是的。他们正在努力保持社区清洁。
考查冠词辨析。the这个，定冠词，表特指；a一个，不定冠词，表泛指，常用于以辅音音素开头的单词前；an一个，不定冠词，表泛指，常用于以元音音素开头的单词前。根据“They’re making…effort to keep…community clean.”可知，make an effort to do sth.“努力做某事”，为动词短语，第一个空应填不定冠词an；keep the community clean“保持社区清洁”，为动词短语，第二个空应填定冠词the。故选D。
51. —Do you know ________ girl in yellow
—Yes, she is a student of ________ university.
A. /; an B. the; a C. a; an D. an; /
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——你认识那个穿黄色衣服的女孩吗 ？——是的，她是一所大学的学生。
考查冠词。第一空特指穿黄色衣服的女孩，应用定冠词the；第二空泛指一所大学的学生，应用不定冠词，university以辅音音素开头，应用a。故选B。
52. Mr. Brown is from ________ European country, he considers the dog to be ________ honest friend.
A. an；a B. the；the C. a；an D. an；the
【答案】C
【解析】句意：Brown先生来自一个欧洲国家，他认为狗是忠实的朋友。
考查冠词。根据句意“一个欧洲国家”“忠实的朋友”可知这里两个空表示泛指，因此用不定冠词修饰，且European虽然以元音字母开头，但是它的发音是辅音，是以辅音音素开头的单词，这里用a；honest虽然以辅音字母开头，但是它的发音是元音，是以元音音素开头的单词，用an。故选C。
53. —Could you please tell me how to get to _______ nearest hospital
—Sure. Just go along Taihe Road until you pass a bookstore. Then turn _______ left and you can see it.
A. a; a B. a; / C. the; the D. the; /
【答案】D
【解析】句意：——你能告诉我怎么去最近的医院吗？——当然。沿着太和路一直走，直到你经过一家书店。然后左转，你就能看到了。
考查定冠词与零冠词。a不定冠词表泛指，用于辅音音素开头的单词前；the定冠词表特指，可用于最高级前；/零冠词。根据“nearest”可知，第一个空后为形容词的最高级，因此前用定冠词the；根据“turn…left”可知，第二个空表示左转，因此用零冠词。故选D。
54. —What do you want to be when you grow up
—I want to be ________ engineer and I am studying harder to go into ________ university in Beijing.
A. an; an B. a; a C. an; a D. a; an
【答案】C
【解析】句意：——你长大后想做什么？——我想成为一名工程师，并且我正在努力学习为了进入北京的一所大学。
考查冠词的用法。an一个，泛指，用于开头发音为元音音素的单词前；a一个，泛指，用于开头发音为辅音音素的单词前。根据“I want to be ... engineer”可知，第一空泛指“一名”工程师，且“engineer”以元音音素开头，不定冠词用an；再根据“... university in Beijing”可知，第二空泛指北京的“一所”大学，且“university”以辅音音素开头，不定冠词用a。故选C。
55. — What ________ unusual journey we had!
— Well, life is always full of ________ surprises.
A. an; a B. an; the C. a; / D. an; /
【答案】D
【解析】句意：——我们的旅行真不寻常！——哦，生活总是充满了惊喜。
考查冠词用法。an不定冠词，用于以元音音素开头的单数名词前，表示泛指；a不定冠词，用于以辅音音素开头的单数名词前，表示泛指；the定冠词，表示特指。根据“journey”为单数名词，并且“unusual”以元音音素开头可知，此处表示泛指，一次不寻常的旅行，用不定冠词an；又由“surprises”意为“惊喜”，可数名词复数，结合语境可知，此处不需要用冠词。故选D。
56. Once upon a time, there was ________ emperor in Europe. ________ emperor was very stupid.
A. an, The B. a, the C. an, an D. The, an
【答案】A
【解析】句意：从前，欧洲有一位皇帝。皇帝非常愚蠢。
考查冠词。根据“there was...emperor in Europe”可知，此处指有一个皇帝，表泛指，emperor以元音音素开头，故填an；根据“...emperor was very stupid.”可知，此处特指上文提到过的那个皇帝，故填定冠词the。故选A。
57. Mary is studying in ________ university in Beijing now. She watched ________ educational film with her classmates yesterday.
A. a; an B. an; the C. an; an D. an; a
【答案】A
【解析】句意：玛丽现在在北京的一所大学学习。昨天她和同学们一起看了一部教育片。
考查冠词。冠词a一个，表泛指，放在辅音音素开头的单词前面；an一个，表泛指，放在元音音素开头的单词前面；the这个，表特指。第一空，根据university表泛指，辅音音素开头，应用a修饰；第二空，educational film表泛指，元音音素开头，应用an修饰。故选A。
58. ______ second Sunday in May is Mother’s Day. It’s _____ special day for children to show their love to their mothers.
A. A; the B. The; a C. /; a D. /; the
【答案】B
【解析】句意：五月份的第二个星期天是母亲节，对于孩子们而言，那是一个向母亲表达爱意的特殊日子。
考查冠词。a一（用于以辅音音素发音开头的单词前，表泛指）；the这个（表特指）；/不填。根据“...second Sunday in May is Mother’s Day.”，可知此处“...second Sunday in May”特指五月份的第二个星期天，此空应是定冠词the；“...special day”则是泛指一个特殊的日子，此空应是不定冠词a。故选B。
59. Our English teacher tells us ________ interesting story and ________ story is about Thomas Edison.
A. an; a B. the; the C. a; the D. an; the
【答案】D
【解析】句意：我们的英语老师给我们讲了一个有趣的故事，这个故事是关于托马斯·爱迪生的。
考查冠词。an一个（用在以元音音素开头的单词前）；a一个（用在以辅音音素开头的单词前）；the这个，那个。第一空是第一次提到某事或某物，用不定冠词，interesting发音是以元音音素开头，前面用不定冠词an表示泛指；第一次提到某物用a或an表示泛指，后面再次提到时用the。故选D。
60. —Have you watched the Chinese film Return to Dust
—Sure. It’s ________ excellent film with ________ sad ending.
A. an; a B. an; an C. the; a D. the; an
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——你看过中国电影《隐入尘烟》吗？——当然。这是一部结局悲惨的优秀电影。
考查冠词。第一空泛指一部优秀电影，excellent以元音音素开头，应用an；第二空泛指一个悲惨的结局，sad以辅音音素开头，应用a。故选A。
61. The talent show gave people a chance to show their special ________.
A. abilities B. speed C. education D. sentences
【答案】A
【解析】句意：才艺表演给了人们展示自己特殊才能的机会。
考查名词辨析。abilities能力；speed速度；education教育；sentences句子。根据“talent show”可知，才艺表演需要人们展示他们的才能。故选A。
62. —Sally spent most of the morning making phone calls and chatting with her friends. It made the boss really mad.
—I think she needs to get down to ________ and finish the project now.
A. trick B. ground C. deal D. business
【答案】D
【解析】句意：——Sally上午大部分时间都在打电话，和朋友聊天。这让老板很生气。——我认为她现在需要干正事，完成这个项目。
考查名词辨析。trick诡计；ground地面；deal交易；business商业。根据“Sally spent most of the morning making phone calls and chatting with her friends. It made the boss really mad.”可知，Sally整个上午大部分时间都在打电话，和朋友聊天，这是不对的，她现在应该认真工作，并完成项目；get down to business表示“干正事，认真工作”。故选D。
63. If you want to work out the problem of stress, you need to find out the ______ first.
A. method B. suggestion C. thought D. cause
【答案】D
【解析】句意：如果你想解决压力的问题，你需要先找出原因。
考查名词辨析。method方法；suggestion建议；though想法；cause原因。由“work out the problem”可知，此处表示“解决问题”，则首先需要找出原因。故选D。
64. —Will you attend the meeting in person
—I decided to go there as a (n) _________ of support.
A. expression B. conversation C. pronunciation D. attention
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——你会亲自去参加会议吗？——我决定去参加会议以表示支持。
考查名词辨析。expression表达；conversation交谈；pronunciation发音；attention注意力。expression of support“表达支持”，符合语境。故选A。
65. — How can I get some ________ about the COVID-19 in China now
— Oh, why not watch the news on TV
A. information B. differences C. results D. reasons
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——我现在如何获取中国新冠肺炎疫情的相关信息？——哦，为什么不看电视新闻呢？
考查名词辨析。information信息；differences差异；results结果；reasons原因。根据回答“why not watch the news on TV ”可知，这里是说对方想知道中国COVID-19的信息，故选A。
66. If you are interested in something, it’s easy for you to pay ________ to it for a long time.
A. ability B. attention C. direction D. doubt
【答案】B
【解析】句意：如果你对某件事感兴趣，你很容易长时间地关注它。
考查名词词义辨析。ability能力；attention注意力；direction方向，doubt疑问。由“for a long time”可知，此处表示“长时间”，pay attention to表示“关注”。故选B。
67. This is the most popular room of the whole museum because you can do lots of physics _________.
A. experiences B. expressions C. experiments D. exhibitions
【答案】C
【解析】句意：这是整个博物馆最受欢迎的房间，因为你可以做很多物理实验。
考查名词词义辨析。experiences经历；expressions表达、表情；experiments实验；exhibitions展览。根据“do lots of physics...”可知，在博物馆的这个厅可以做实验，此处应用experiments“实验”。故选C。
68. The Three Gorges Dam produces ________ for millions of people in China.
A. operations B. electricity C. experiments D. chemistry
【答案】B
【解析】句意：三峡大坝为中国数百万人提供电力。
考查名词辨析。operations操作；electricity电；experiments实验；chemistry化学。根据“The Three Gorges Dam produces...for millions of people in China.”可知，三峡大坝提供电力，故选B。
69. Parents shouldn’t do all the things for their children because too much ________ stops children’s development.
A. protection B. pollution C. introduction D. application
【答案】A
【解析】句意：父母不应该为孩子做所有的事情，因为过多的保护会阻碍孩子的发展。
考查名词辨析。protection保护；pollution污染；introduction介绍；application申请书。根据“Parents shouldn’t do all the things for their children because too much … stops children’s development”可知，如果家长为孩子做所有的事情，那么过多的保护会阻碍孩子的发展，故选A。
70. There’s nothing wrong with my eyes. But I must follow the doctor’s ___ to take a rest after using them for a long time.
A. invitations B. introductions C. instructions D. applications
【答案】C
【解析】句意：我的眼睛没有毛病。但我必须按照医生的说明，长时间用眼后休息一下。
考查名词辨析。invitations邀请函；introductions介绍；instructions说明；applications应用，申请。根据“to take a rest after using them for a long time.”可知，是遵照医生的说明。故选C。
71. —Have you decided whether to take the family trip to Xinghua Cauliflower
—No. It depends on the ________ we’ll come to at tonight’s family meeting.
A. conclusion B. conversation C. communication D. competition
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——你决定全家去兴化菜花节旅游了吗？——不。这取决于我们在今晚的家庭会议上得出的结论。
考查名词辨析。conclusion结论；conversation谈话；communication交流；competition比赛。根据“Have you decided whether to take the family trip to Xinghua Cauliflower ”可知是否去兴化菜花节取决于家庭会议的结论。故选A。
72. —We can always find something good in a bad ________ if we look for it.
—-I can’t agree more. Let’s make full use of what comes.
A. situation B. competition C. direction D. instruction
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——如果我们去寻找，我们总能在糟糕的情况下找到好的事情。——我非常同意。让我们充分利用发生的事情吧。
考查名词。situation情况；competition竞争；direction方向；instruction指示。根据“We can always find something good in a bad______” 和“Let’s make full use of what comes.”可知situation符合语境，故选A。
73. The first settlers(移民) from England were in a hard ________ when they arrived in America because it was a cold winter and they had ________ food.
A. condition; little B. situation; little C. condition; a little D. situation; a little
【答案】A
【解析】句意：第一批来自英国的移民抵达美国时处境艰难，因为那是一个寒冷的冬天，他们几乎没有食物。
考查词义辨析。condition状况，指一种环境或生活条件；situation情况，一种状态或局面。根据“because it was a cold winter”可知，第一空表示移民者的生活环境很差，用condition。little很少，表否定；a little一点儿，表肯定。根据“in a hard condition”可知，他们的食物很少，第二空用little。故选A。
75. The satellite(卫星) will build a ________ bridge between controllers on the Earth and the far side of the Moon.
A. situation B. communication C. celebration D. competition
【答案】B
【解析】句意：这颗卫星将在地球上的控制器和月球远端的控制器之间架起一座沟通桥梁。
考查名词辨析。situation情形；communication沟通；celebration庆祝；competition比赛。分析句子可知，此处表示“地球和月球远端的控制器的沟通桥梁”，强调“沟通”。故选B。
76. — Why did he make no ________ to be understood or liked
— He didn’t care what others think of him.
A. risk B. effort C. suggestion D. balance
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——为什么他没有努力让别人理解或喜欢他？——他不在乎别人怎么看他。
考查名词词义辨析。risk风险；effort努力；suggestion建议；balance平衡。make an effort to do sth.意为“努力做某事”；此处表示“不努力做某事”，用make no effort to do sth.，故选B。
77. The core（核心）of your ________ is that you and your work partner will always be there to help each other in a team.
A. friendship B. membership C. relationship D. leadership
【答案】C
【解析】句意：你们关系的核心是你和你的工作伙伴总是会在一个团队中帮助彼此。
考查名词辨析。friendship友谊；membership会员，会员资格；relationship关系，联系；leadership领导，领导地位。根据“that you and your work partner will always be there to help each other in a team”可知，此处应该表示你和你的工作伙伴的关系，故选C。
78. —Jack is the person who never gives up his dream even though he is in a difficult situation.
—I agree with you. We all admire(仰慕) him for his strong ________.
A. body B. opinion C. decision D. spirit
【答案】D
【解析】句意：——杰克是一个即使身处困境也从不放弃梦想的人。——我同意你的观点。我们都钦佩他坚强的意志。
考查名词辨析。body身体；opinion观点；decision决定；spirit意志。根据“Jack is the person who never gives up his dream even though he is in a difficult situation”及“ admire(仰慕) him for his strong”可知，钦佩他不放弃的坚强意志，故选D。
79. At weekends, ________ doctors like going to ________.
A. woman; shoe shops B. women; flowers shops C. woman; sport shops D. women; clothes shops
【答案】D
【解析】句意：在周末，女医生喜欢去服装店。
考查名词作定语。woman女人，可数名词单数；women女人，可数名词复数；shoe shops鞋店；flowers shops形式错误；sport shops运动商店；clothes shops服装店。woman作定语时，变复数要两个名词都变，第一个空应是women doctors“女医生”，排除A和C选项。名词作定语要通常用单数形式，排除B选项，第二个空应是clothes shops“服装店”。故选D。
80. To learn a language is not just learning new words and grammar. We should also learn about the ________ behind it.
A. science B. culture C. examples D. problems
【答案】B
【解析】句意：学习一门语言不仅仅是学习新单词和语法。我们也应该了解它背后的文化。
考查名词辨析。science科学；culture文化；examples例子；problems问题。根据“We should also learn about the … behind it”可知，理解某种语言背后的文化，故选B。
81. Chinese player Su Bingtian made history this summer in the 100-meter running _______ at the Tokyo Olympic Games.
A. discussion B. vacation C. competition D. instruction
【答案】C
【解析】句意：今年夏天，中国选手苏炳添在东京奥运会的100米跑比赛中创造了历史。
考查名词辨析。discussion讨论；vacation假期；competition比赛；instruction指导。根据“in the 100-meter running...at the Tokyo Olympic Games”可知，是100米跑比赛，故选C。
82. My driving coach is a teacher with ________ experience and we can learn ________ from him.
A. a great deal of; a great deal B. a great deal; a great deal of
C. a great number of; a great deal D. plenty of; a great deal of
【答案】A
【解析】句意：我的驾驶教练是一位非常有经验的老师，我们能从他身上学到很多。
考查表示数量的形容词短语的用法。a great deal of修饰不可数名词，译为“大量的，很多”；a great number of修饰可数名词复数，译为“许多，大量”；plenty of既可修饰可数名词，又可修饰不可数名词，译为“大量的”；a great deal译为“很多”，可作状语。第一空后的“experience”译为“经验”，是不可数名词，排除选项B和C；第二空后没有名词，修饰learn，作状语，因此用a great deal。故选A。
83. Mr. Byers built a private library for enjoying the ________ of being able to lift a hand and touch the world.
A. loneliness B. sadness C. happiness D. fairness
【答案】C
【解析】句意：拜尔斯先生建造了一个私人图书馆，以享受举手就能触摸世界的快乐。
考查名词辨析。loneliness孤单；sadness难过；happiness快乐；fairness公平。根据“of being able to lift a hand and touch the world.”可知，是享受举手就能触摸世界的快乐，故选C。
84. Teachers sometimes work as a(n) ________ to help you out and lead your life to be right way.
A. officer B. musician C. engineer D. guide
【答案】D
【解析】句意：老师有时充当向导，帮助你走出困境，引导你走上正确的生活道路。
考查名词辨析。officer军官；musician音乐家；engineer工程师；guide向导。根据“to help you out and lead your life the right way.”可知，像向导一样，带领你走出困境，故选D。
85. —Have you decided what to do next
—No, it depends on what ________ we’ll make from this discussion.
A. conclusion B. conversation C. condition D. competition
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——你决定下一步做什么了吗 ——不，这取决于我们从这次讨论中得出什么结论。
考查名词辨析。conclusion结论；conversation谈话；condition条件；competition竞争。根据“from this discussion”可知应该是从这次讨论中得出什么结论，故选A。
86. Yuan Longping and his team developed a kind of hybrid rice which has many ________ over other kinds of rice.
A. advantages B. activities C. agreement D. advice
【答案】A
【解析】句意：袁隆平和他的团队开发了一种杂交水稻，这种水稻比其他品种有很多优势。
考查名词辨析。advantages优势；activities活动；agreement同意；advice建议。many修饰可数名词的复数形式，agreement是单数，排除C。advice是不可数名词，排除D。根据“developed a kind of hybrid rice which has many … over other kinds of rice”可知，这种杂交水稻比其他品种有很多优势，故选A。
87. —Do you know the Chinese idiom (成语) “Mengzi’s mother makes three moves”
—Yes. It tells of a mother who did all she could to provide better ________ for her child.
A. experience B. instruction C. environment D. information
【答案】C
【解析】句意：——你知道中国成语“孟母三迁”吗？——知道。 它讲述了一位母亲尽己所能为孩子提供更好的环境的故事。
考查名词辨析。experience经历；instruction说明；environment环境；information信息。根据“Mengzi’s mother makes three moves”及常识可知，“孟母三迁”讲的是母亲为给孩子提供最好的环境三次搬家的故事，故选C。
88. — These days teenagers often have to do what they are told to do.
— It’s not good for their ________. They need to think by themselves.
A. habit B. independence C. interest D. behavior
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——现在的青少年经常不得不做他们被告知要做的事。——这不利于他们的独立性。他们需要自己思考。
考查名词辨析。habit习惯；independence独立；interest兴趣；behavior行为。根据“These days teenagers often have to do what they are told to do”可知，总是被告知要去做什么事，不利于他们独立，故选B。
89. The number of the ________ using Huawei is getting larger and larger.
A. cultures B. customers C. products D. histories
【答案】B
【解析】句意：使用华为的客户越来越多。
考查名词辨析。cultures文化；customers顾客；products产品； histories历史。根据“is getting larger and larger”可知，此处是客户越来越多，故选B。
90. —Amy is the most confident girl I have ever seen.
—I guess her confidence is a __________ of her happy childhood.
A. product B. direction C. background D. expression
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——艾米是我见过的最自信的女孩。——我想她的自信来自于她快乐的童年。
考查名词辨析。product产物，结果；direction方向；background背景；expression表达。根据“I guess her confidence is a ... of her happy childhood.”可知自信源于她的快乐童年，是快乐童年造成的结果。故选A。
91. My sister has three pen friends. One is _________ , and the other two are _________.
A. Japanese; America B. Russian; Germany C. Canada; Australian D. English; Frenchmen
【答案】D
【解析】句意：我妹妹有三个笔友。一个是英国人，另外两个是法国人。
考查名词辨析。Japanese日本人；America美国；Russian俄罗斯人；Germany德国；Canada加拿大；Australian澳大利亚人；English英国的；Frenchmen法国人。根据“One is ... , and the other two are ...”可知，两个空处是表示某国家的人，America、Germany和Canada表示国家，排除ABC；第一空is后用English表示“英国的”，形容词作表语；第二空用Frenchmen表示“另外两个是法国人”。故选D。
92. —More and more tourists from all over the world come to visit the Three Gorges（三峡）in Chongqing.
—That’s true. It has become the ________ of Chongqing.
A. effort B. praise C. courage D. pride
【答案】D
【解析】句意：——越来越多的来自世界各地的游客来重庆参观三峡。——这是真的。它已经成为重庆的骄傲。
考查名词辨析。effort努力；praise赞扬；courage勇气；pride骄傲。根据“More and more tourists from all over the world come to visit the Three Gorges（三峡）in Chongqing”可知，越来越多的游客参观三峡，说明它已经成为重庆的骄傲了，故选D。
93. —Nantong has improved the working ________ of workers recently.
—That’s why they seem satisfied (满意的) with their factories.
A. habits B. knowledge C. communication D. conditions
【答案】D
【解析】句意：——南通最近改善了工人的工作条件。——这就是为什么他们似乎对他们的工厂很满意。
考查名词辨析。habits习惯；knowledge知识；communication交流；conditions条件。根据“Nantong has improved the working … of workers recently”可知，提高了工人的工作条件，故选D。
94. — Although the double reduction policy（双减政策）has been carried out, I am still certain that there is little ________ that Senior high school entrance examination will be cancelled（取消）.
— I can’t agree more. It’s the most important method to pick high-quality talents.
A. change B. chance C. cause D. challenge
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——虽然双减政策已经实施，但我仍然确信取消高中入学考试的可能性很小。——我完全同意。这是选拔高素质人才最重要的方法。
考查名词辨析。change改变；chance机会，可能性；cause原因；challenge挑战。答语意思是高中入学考试很重要，所以是取消考试的机会比较小，故选B。
95. Though Bill is very young, he has a lot of ________ about Chinese history.
A. expressions B. knowledge C. attention D. experience
【答案】B
【解析】句意：虽然比尔很年轻，但他对中国历史有很多知识。
考查名词辨析。expressions表情；knowledge知识；attention注意力；experience经验。根据“Though Bill is very young, he has a lot of … about Chinese history”可知，后半句的句意与前半句是转折的关系，尽管年轻，但是对于中国历史已经有很多的知识，故选B。
96. —Kids from happy families are more confident.
— That’s true. A happy family provides a loving __________ for its children.
A. environment B. activity C. expression D. development
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——来自幸福家庭的孩子更自信。——这是真的。幸福的家庭为孩子们提供了一个充满爱的环境。
考查名词辨析。environment环境；activity活动；expression表达；development发展。根据“A happy family provides a loving...for its children.”可知幸福的家庭给孩子提供了爱的环境，故选A。
97. Decide what you want, then set a ________ and keep on racing until you finish it.
A. rule B. goal C. record D. line
【答案】B
【解析】句意：决定你想要什么，然后设定一个目标，继续前进，直到你完成它。
考查名词辨析。rule规则；goal目标；record记录；line线。根据“Decide what you want”可知要设定一个目标。故选B。
98. The movie Watergate Bridge （水门桥）that drew a lot of ________ and praise has been a hot topic on the Internet.
A. attention B. wisdom C. education D. wealth
【答案】A
【解析】句意：电影《水门桥》吸引了大量的关注和赞扬，它一直是互联网上的一个热门话题。
考查名词辨析。attention注意；wisdom智慧；education教育；wealth财富。根据“a hot topic on the Internet”可知，这部电影吸引了大量关注，一直是热门话题。故选A。
99 ________ can make students happy and want to make more progress in their study.
A. Shame B. Praise C. Doubt D. Strictness
【答案】B
【解析】句意：表扬可以使学生高兴，并希望在学习上取得更大的进步。
考查名词。Shame羞愧；Praise表扬；Doubt怀疑；Strictness严格。根据“can make students happy”可知，能让学生高兴的事，应是对他们的表扬，故选B。
100. All the soldiers arrived at 6:00 in the morning because it’s a (an) ________ for them.
A. order B. wonder C. deal D. reason
【答案】A
【解析】句意：所有士兵早上6点就到了，因为这是给他们的命令。
考查名词辨析。order命令；wonder惊叹，奇迹；deal交易；reason原因；根据“All the soldiers arrived at 6:00 in the morning”可知，这是给士兵们的命令，故选A。
101. The Chinese medicine is the ________ in China and it makes a great difference to health care of Chinese people.
A. spirit B. tradition C. treasure D. business
【答案】C
【解析】句意：中医是中国的瑰宝，它对中国人民的医疗保健有很大的影响。
考查名词辨析。spirit精神；tradition传统；treasure珍宝；business生意。根据“The Chinese medicine is the...in China”可知中医是中国的瑰宝。故选C。
102. Steve is always full of ____. He not only takes all kinds of activities at school, but also helps with housework at home.
A. fun B. pride C. energy D. hope
【答案】C
【解析】句意：史蒂夫总是精力充沛。他不仅在学校参加各种活动，而且在家里也帮忙做家务。
考查名词辨析。fun乐趣；pride骄傲；energy精力；hope希望。根据“He not only takes all kinds of activities at school, but also helps with housework at home”可知，他精力充沛，故选C。
103. Having dinner together on New Year’s Eve has always been a big deal for my family and it gives us lots of ________.
A. pleasure B. ability C. spirit D. time
【答案】A
【解析】句意：除夕聚在一起吃一顿丰盛的晚餐是非常重要的事情，会给我们带来很多的乐趣。
考查名词辨析。pleasure乐趣；ability能力；spirit精神；time时间。由语境和常识可知，此处表示除夕夜的聚餐会给我们带来乐趣。故选A。
104. Our teachers tell us that knowledge will give us want to leave.
A. wings B. hope C. energy D. choices
【答案】A
【解析】句意：我们的老师告诉我们，知识会给我们离开的翅膀。
考查名词辨析。wings翅膀；hope希望；energy精力；choices选择。根据后面的want to leave想离开，结合选项，可知wings翅膀，可以帮助我们飞翔离开，符合题意，故答案选A。
105. After having a long talk, George made a ________ to his head teacher that he would work hard.
A. promise B. chance C. treat D. trick
【答案】A
【解析】句意：长谈之后，George向班主任保证他会努力学习。
考查名词辨析。promise承诺；chance机会；treat款待；trick诡计。根据“he would work hard”可知他向班主任老师保证他会努力学习。make a promise表示“许诺，保证”。故选A。
106. —How did ancient people tell the time
—They did that from the ______ of the sun.
A. tradition B. condition C. position D. situation
【答案】C
【解析】句意：——古人是如何分辨时间的？——他们根据太阳的位置来分辨。
考查名词辨析。tradition传统；condition环境；position位置；situation情况。根据“…of the sun”和常识可知，是根据太阳的位置分辨时间，故选C。
107. After having a long talk, George made a ________ to his head teacher that he would work hard.
A promise B. chance C. treat D. trick
【答案】A
【解析】句意：长谈之后，George向班主任保证他会努力学习。
考查名词辨析。promise承诺；chance机会；treat款待；trick诡计。根据“he would work hard”可知他向班主任老师保证他会努力学习。make a promise表示“许诺，保证”。故选A。
108. In the camera, these photos record my mom’s bright and unforgettable ________ at an early age.
A. points B. moments C. goals D. steps
【答案】B
【解析】句意：在相机里，这些照片记录了我妈妈小时候的灿烂和难忘的时刻。
考查名词辨析。points点；moments时刻；goals目标；steps步骤。根据”In the camera, these photos record my mom’s bright and unforgettable...“可知，此处指灿烂和难忘的时刻，故选B。
109. Since the dumpling is in the ________ of an ancient Chinese gold ingot (锭), it stands for wealth in our culture.
A. taste B. weight C. price D. shape
【答案】D
【解析】句意：由于饺子是中国古代金锭的形状，它在我们的文化中代表着财富。
考查名词辨析。taste味道；weight 重量；price价格；shape形状。根据“ it stands for wealth in our culture”可知此处指“饺子形似中国古代金锭，代表着财富”。故选D。
110. Thanks to the team spirit, we got the ________ in the end and all of us will value this experience.
A. courage B. knowledge C. victory D. pleasure
【答案】C
【解析】句意：多亏了团队精神，我们最终取得了胜利，我们所有人都会珍惜这次经历。
考查名词词义辨析。courage信心；knowledge知识；victory胜利；pleasure快乐。根据题干中提到“thanks to the team spirit” 和“value this experience” 可推断他们取得了胜利。故选C。
111. Teenagers shouldn’t sit there for daydreaming. No one can achieve anything without _________.
A. effort B. standard C. ability D. pride
【答案】A
【解析】句意：青少年不应该坐在那里做白日梦。没有人不努力就能做成任何事。
考查名词辨析。effort努力；standard标准；ability能力；pride自豪。根据“No one can achieve anything without…”可知，不努力的话不会做成任何事。故选A。
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