中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
专题10 感叹句，祈使句，疑问句
本专题复习几种特殊句式：包含倒装、反意疑问句，it构成的句式等。中考出现考题不多。只有其中感叹句和疑问句考查较多一些。疑问句主要考查疑问词的辨异。倒装句这几年中考几乎没考，就不作讲解。中考重点考向是疑问句和感叹句，请老师和同学们特别注意。
【感叹句】
考向一、感叹句
由what引导的感叹句
1. ① What + a / an+（形容词）+单数可数名词+主语+谓语！
② What+名词词组+主语+谓语！
What a fine day it is!
2. What+(形容词）+可数名词复数或不可数名词+主语+谓语!
What kind women they are!
What nice music it is!
由How引导的感叹句
（how用来修饰形容词、副词或动词。）
1. How+形容词（副词）+主语+谓语！
How hard the workers are working!
How clever the girl is!
How quickly the boy is writing!
1. (2023·广州)他们还赢得了广东省飞镖比赛冠军。多么棒的项目啊！
They won the Championship of Guangdong Darts Match, too. ________________________ project it is!
【答案】What a wonderful
【解析】根据题干可知此处是一个感叹句。中心词为可数名词project“项目”，符合结构：What+ a/an+形容词+主语+谓语。project是以辅音音素开头，应用a；wonderful“极好的”。故填What a wonderful。
2. (2023·河北) 2. fine, what, weather （连词成句）
____________________!
【答案】What fine weather
【解析】根据标点提示可知，本句是感叹句，强调的中心词是不可数名词weather，用“What+adj+不可数名词!”句型，故填What fine weather“多好的天气啊”。
3.(2023·江苏南通). ________ it was to see the main sights of the world in the World Park!
A How amazing day B. How an amazing day
C. What amazing day D. What an amazing day
【答案】D
【解析】句意：在世界公园里看到世界的主要景点是多么美妙的一天啊！
考查感叹句。句子是感叹句，中心词是可数名词单数day，用感叹句结构：What a/an adj. n.+主谓。故选D。
4.(2023·江苏宿迁). —China won all the gold medals at the 2023 World Table Tennis Championships.
—______ exciting news!
A. What a B. How a C. How D. What
【答案】D
【解析】句意：——中国包揽了2023年世乒赛的所有金牌。——多么令人兴奋的消息啊！
考查感叹句，感叹句的中心词news是不可数名词，此处用“What+形容词+不可数名词”结构。故选D。
1.(2023·辽宁营口) ________ useful knowledge the astronaut in Tiangong Classroom has taught us!
A. How B. What C. How a D. What a
2.(2023·辽宁盘锦) The cheers filled the air. ________ an exciting basketball game!
A. What B. Why C. Who D. How
3.(2023·长春) _______ good day! Why not take a walk along the sea
A. What B. What a C. How D. How a
4.(2023·) 《山行》是一首多么美的诗啊！
________ ________ beautiful poem Going up the Hill is!
5. ________ clever girl Kitty is! She can come up with some creative ways to finish the project.
A. What B. How a C. How D. What a
6. ________special classes we had! We have learned a lot about paper cutting.
A. What B. What a C. How a D. How
7.-___________wonderful the music is! What’s its name -Victory.
A. How B. How a C. What D. What a
8. ________ delicious the soup is! I’d like some more.
A. How B. How an C. What D. What an
9. —Have you heard of the news that the three astronauts have returned to the earth safely
—Of course. ________ exciting the news is!
A. What B. What an C. How D. How an
10. — ________ fine weather! Let’s fly a kite in the park, shall we
—Good idea!
A. How B. How a C. What D. What a
11. —________ sad music Abing played!
—Yeah. Every time I listen to it, I’m really moved.
A. What a B. What an C. What D. How
12. ________ important work the teachers are doing! Let’s show our respect for them.
A. How B. What a C. What an D. What
13. — ________ fine it is today! Why not go for a walk？
—That sounds good. Let’s go.
A. How B. What a C. What
14. ________ valuable advice you gave me! I’ll take action at once.
A. What B. What a C. How D. How a
15. _________ goldfish! Who bought them
A. What a pretty B. How a pretty C. What pretty D. How petty
【祈使句】
考向二、祈使句
1. 祈使句表示请求、命令、建议、劝告和号召等含义，其肯定形式是以动词原形开头，否定形式是在动词原形之前加 don’t。
2.祈使句基本结构
肯定句式有三种形式：
Do型（以动词原形开头）
Sit down! Stand up!
（2）Be型（Be+表语，如名词、形容词）
Be quiet! Be quick!
（3）Let型（Let+人称代词宾格+动词原形+其他成分）
Let me help you.
注意：为了祈使句的句式委婉、客气，常加上please一词，构成句式Please...或...，please.
Come here please. Please look after your little sister.
3.祈使句的否定结构是在动词原形前加don't
Please don't go there. Don't be late. Don't let him in.
1.(2023·江苏徐州) 4Please move your car away, sir. This is “________” area.
A. No smoking B. No parking C. No swimming D. No littering
【答案】B
【解析】句意：先生，请把您的车开走。这里是“禁止停车”区域。
考查情景交际。祈使句表示请求、命令。No smoking禁止吸烟；No parking禁止停车；No swimming禁止游泳；No littering禁止乱扔垃圾。根据“Please move your car away”可知，要把车开走，所以是禁止停车，故选B。
2.(2023·甘肃) ________ trying and do your best.
A. Keep B. Keeping C. To keep D. Kept
【答案】A
【解析】句意：继续努力，尽你最大的努力。
考查祈使句。根据“and do your best”可知句子是祈使句，以动词原形开头。故选A。
1.(2023·辽宁一模) — _______ late for school again, Tim! — Sorry, I promise that I _______.
A. Don’t; won’t B. Don’t be; won’t C. Don’t be; don’t D. Don’t; will
2. __________ your umbrella, or you’ll catch a cold on such a rainy day.
A. Take B. To take C. Taking D. Taken
3.Please . The boy is studying.
A. not noisy B. don’t noisy C. not to be noisy D. don’t be noisy
4. more books, and you will improve your reading skills.
A. Reading B. Read C . Reads D. To read
5. ________ the beef, carrots and potatoes into a pot and add some water.
A. Put B. To put C. Putting D. Puts
6. me an email before you come to Hangzhou. I’ll meet you at the airport.
A. Sending B. To send C. Sends D. Send
7. ________ be late again, Bill!
A. Not B. No C. Doesn’t D. Don’t
8. If you have any question, please ________ the teacher ________ help.
A. ask; about B. asks; for C. asks; about D. ask, for
9. —________ quiet, please! You are in the library.
— I’m sorry, sir.
A. Keep B. To keep C. Keeping D. Keeps
10. Don’t watch too much TV, _______
A. will you B. won’t you C. shall we D. do you
【疑问句】
疑问句
疑 问 句 一般疑问句 询问一件事或情况是否属实 Is this your schoolbag
特殊疑问句 针对句子某一具体成分提问 What does your father do
选择疑问句 提供两种或两种以上的情况供对方选择 —Is your friend a boy or a girl —He is a boy.
反意疑问句 由陈述句+简短问句组成，问话者欲对陈述句部分的内容做进一步证实 —There is a book on the desk, isn’t there —Yes, there is./ No, there isn’t.
常用的特殊疑问词有:who，whom，whose，which，what，when，where，why，how以及how引出的词组how many，how long，how often，how soon, how far等。在这里重点讲讲how引出的词组的辨析。
考向三、疑问词的区别
辨析：how引出的疑问词组
how often 意为“多久一次”，提问频率。
表示频率的副词有always(总是), usually(通常), often(常常), sometimes/at times(有时), seldom(很少、不常), hardly(几乎不), never(决不、从来不)等；
how long 有两种用法
①how long意为“多长时间、多久”，提问一段时间，这是其主要用法。
表示一段时间的短语有：“for+一段时间” 意为“长达……”，如for four days(长达四天)；“since+时间点或时间状语从句” 意为“自从……以来”，如since yesterday/two days ago(自从昨天/两天前以来)等。
②how long意为“多长”，提问事物的长度。
how soon 意为“多久以后”，对“in+一段时间”提问，意为“……之后(内)”，表示从现在到将来动作发生时为止的一段时间，常与一般将来时态连用。 如in some weeks(数周后)。
how far 意为“多远”，提问两地之间的距离。
表示两地间距离的短语常见的有five kilometers(五千米), a few miles(数英里), ten minutes’ walk(十分钟的步行路程), three hours’ ride(三小时的车程)等
how much 有两种用法
①“多少钱”，对价格或价钱提问，相当于“What’s the price of sth.？” 意为“某物多少钱？”。
—How much is the bike
=What’s the price of the bike 自行车的价格是多少？ —50. 五十美元。
②“多少”，对不可数名词的数量提问，有时how much接的不可数名词可省略。
—How much bread would you like 你要多少面包？ —Five kilos of bread. 五公斤。
how many “多少”，对复数名词的数量提问，有时how many接的复数名词可省略。
—How many watches do you want 你要几块手表？
—Two watches. 两块。
考向四、反意疑问句
反意疑问句由一个陈述句和一个简略式的疑问句构成。若陈述句部分为肯定式，疑问部分一般用否定式；若陈述句部分为否定式，则疑问部分一般用肯定式。陈述句部分如果有动词be、助动词或情态动词时，疑问部分要重复这些词。疑问部分的主语一般要用代词形式。如：
Mike was a singer, wasn’t he 迈克是个歌手，是不是？
Lily came home late, didn’t she 莉莉很晚到家，是不是？
Ann and Mary won’t come, will they 安和玛丽不会来了，是吗？
You can’t work out the problem, can you 你做不出这道题，是吗？
特殊变化的反意疑问句：
1 陈述句部分若是I am，疑问部分要用aren’t I。如：
I am very happy, aren’t I 我很开心，不是吗？
2 陈述句部分主语是everybody, everyone, somebody或these, those时，疑问部分用they作代词；陈述句部分主语
是everything, nothing, something或this, that时，疑问部分用it作代词。如：
Everybody is here, aren’t they 大家都到齐了，是吗？
Everything is ready, isn’t it 一切都准备好了，是吗？
3 当陈述句部分含有no, never, little, few, hardly, seldom等否定意义的词时，疑问部分用肯定形式。如：
No one knows you at the university, do they
这个大学没人认识你，是吗？
She has never been to Australia, has she
她从未去过澳大利亚，是吗？
4 陈述句部分是“I don’t think / believe + 从句”时，疑问部分用肯定形式且对从句提问。如：
I don’t think you are a teacher, are you
我认为你不是个教师，对不对？
5 当领先的句子为祈使句时，疑问部分一般用will you，有时也用could / would you。如：
Please open the window, will you 请开窗，好吗？
Don’t open the window, will you 别开窗，好吗？
6 以Let’s开头的句子，疑问部分用shall we。如：
Let’s do it right now, shall we 咱们现在就开始，好吗？
1. (2023·连云港) —________ have you been a member of the Youth League
—For three years.
A. How long B. How many C. How often D. How far
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——你成为共青团员有多长时间了？——三年了。
考查特殊疑问句。How long多久，多长；How many多少；How often多久一次；How far多远。根据答句“For three years.”可知询问时长应用how long来提问。故选A。
2. (2023·江苏南通). —Excuse me, ________ is the Gengsu Theatre from this hotel
—It’s about ten minutes if you take a taxi.
A. how far B. how long C. how soon D. how much
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——对不起，庚戌剧院离这家旅馆有多远？——如果你坐出租车大约需要十分钟。
考查特殊疑问句。how far多远；how long多长时间；how soon多久之后；how much多少钱。根据“It’s about ten minutes if you take a taxi.”可知此处询问距离，疑问词用how far。故选A。
3. (2023·甘肃) —________ do you learn these words by heart
—By using them in different ways.
A. When B. How C. Why D. Where
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——你是怎么把这些单词背下来的？——通过以不同的方式使用它们。
考查特殊疑问句。when什么时候；how如何；why为什么；where哪里。根据“By using them...”可知此处询问方式，疑问词用how。故选B。
1.(2023·江苏无锡) ________ is your hometown I can’t find it anywhere on the map.
A. What B. Which C. When D. Where
2.(2023·辽宁抚顺) — ________ have you been a member of the football team
—For two years.
A. How much B. How often C. How many D. How long
3.(2023·吉林长春) — _______ do you visit your grandparents
— Once a week. I play chess with them every Sunday evening.
A. How often B. How much C. How long D. How far
4. (2023·吉林长春)— Which season do you like better in Changchun, winter or autumn
— _______. I like playing with snow.
A. Yes, I do B. No, I don’t C. Winter D. Autumn
5. —________ Lily have long ________ short hair
—She has long hair.
A. Does; and B. Does; or C. Is; or D. Is; and
6. There used to be few houses here, ________
A. did it B. didn’t there C. did there D. was there
7. There were few new words in the English competition for your daughter, ________
A. were there B. weren’t there C. didn’t they D. did they
8. He’s never been late for school, ________
A. has he B. hasn’t he C. is he D. isn’t he
9. They’ve visited more than ten European countries these years , ________
A. didn’t they B. did they C. haven’t they D. have they
10. Everybody knows the answer, ________
A. does he B. doesn’t it C. do they D. don’t they
11. He hardly watches TV, ________
A. does he B. doesn’t he C. do he D. don’t he
12. They can’t finish the work on time, ______
could they B. couldn’t they C. can they D. can’t they
13.They have to wash their clothes by themselves, ______
A haven’t they B. mustn’t they C. won’t they D. don’t they
14.Don’t forget to lock the door, _______
A. do you B. don’t you C. will you D. won’t you
15. Let’s go swimming, _______
A. will you B. shall we C. won’t you D. can we
16. —______ is a ticket for a kid (儿童票)
—It’s free for kids under three.
A. How long B. How old C. How much D. How many
17. —How much do you need
—________.
A. Twenty dollars for a pair B. Once a week C. A spoon of honey D . Three apples
18. —________ do you celebrate the Double Ninth Festival (重阳节)
—We usually climb hills, bring some presents and visit the old people.
A. How B. Why C. What D. When
19. —________ butter do we need to make a sandwich
—One spoon is enough.
A. How many B. How much C. How far D. What
20. —I wonder ________ you can finish the work. —In two weeks.
A. how soon B. how long C. how often D. how about
21. —What does his mother look like
—________.
A. She’s thin B. She’s a doctor C. She’s forty D. She’s shy
22 — ________ is it today
— It’s Monday.
A. What day B. What about C. What time D. What color
23. —________ do you take an English exam
—Once a month.
A. How long B. How soon C. How often D. How much
24. —________ will you stay with your grandparents
—For one week.
A. How often B. How long C. How far D. How many
25. —________ the population of our city
—More than 9 million.
A. How many is B. How much is C. What’s D. What’re
26. —________ ruler is this
—It’s ________.
A. Who; hers B. Whose; him C. Whose; mine
27. — ________ is the English test
—It’s next month.
A. Who B. Where C. What D. When
28. —________ have you stayed in this hotel
—Not long, just ________ this Wednesday.
A. How soon; since B. How long; since C. How soon; from D. How long; from
29. Badminton, table tennis...Hmm, ________ do you like to play
A. what other B. what else C. how many other D. how many else
30. —________
—It’s Thursday the 7th
A. What’s today B. What time is it now C. What’s the date today D. What day is it today
【it的基本用法】
考向四、it的基本用法
it的基本用法包括：指事物，指动物或婴儿，指上文提到的情况，指身份不明的人，指时间、距离、环境、天气等自然现象，等。
It's still raining. 还在下雨。
It's two miles to the beach. 到海边有两英里。
It was very quiet in the cafe. 咖啡馆里很安静。
They got a baby and it was very lovely. 他们生了个孩子，很可爱。
1. 形式主语：当不定式、动名词、从句等用作主语时，句首使用形式主语it，而把真正的主语放在句子末尾。
It's no use saying any more about it. 再谈这事没有用了。
It's not known where she went. 她到哪里去了没人知道。
2. 形式宾语：当不定式、动名词、从句等用作宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语时，就应在宾语补足语前使用形式宾语，而将真正的宾语移至句末。如：
I find it easy to get on with her. 我发现她很容易相处。
3. 用于以下特殊句型中：
It doesn't matter (if)... ……没关系
It seems (appears) that (as if)... （看起来）似乎……
It happens that... 碰巧……
It's... since... 自……以来有多久了。
1. ________ is necessary ________ it to yourself when someone tells you something personal.
A. It；to make B. That；making C. It；to keep D. That；keeping
2. If you don’t work hard in Grade 7, you’ ll find ________ difficult to study English well in Grade 9.
A. it B. its C. that D. itself
3. It takes us 2 hours _________ to Huai’an by taking the Nanjing-Huai’an high-speed railway.
A. to get B. getting C. get D. gets
4. AI technology has made ________ easier to deliver parcels.
A. it B. this C. that D. what
5. —What is the time now？
—_______ is two o'clock.
A. This B. That C. It D. He
6. —What is the weather like？
—_______ is windy.
A. That B. This C. It D. He
7. —How long is the river？
—_______ is two hundred kilometers.
A. It B. That C. This D. He
8. I can’t find my ticket. I think I must have lost ______.
A. it B. one C. this D. them
9. — I often have hamburgers for lunch.
— You’d better not. It’s bad for you _______ too much junk food.
A. eat B. to eat C. eating D. ate
10. It is very important for us _______ English well.
A. learn B. learning C. to learn D. learned
11. — Nick, I lost my pen and I couldn’t find ________ anywhere.
— There are many pens in that box. Just take________ .
A. it; it B. it; one C. one; it D. one; one
11. The official made ______ clear that he would do everything possible to solve the problem.
A. it B. this C. that D. him
12. I bought the pen three years ago and I’m still using _____ now.
A. one B. ones C. it D. this
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专题10 感叹句，祈使句，疑问句
本专题复习几种特殊句式：包含倒装、反意疑问句，it构成的句式等。中考出现考题不多。只有其中感叹句和疑问句考查较多一些。疑问句主要考查疑问词的辨异。倒装句这几年中考几乎没考，就不作讲解。中考重点考向是疑问句和感叹句，请老师和同学们特别注意。
【感叹句】
考向一、感叹句
由what引导的感叹句
1. ① What + a / an+（形容词）+单数可数名词+主语+谓语！
② What+名词词组+主语+谓语！
What a fine day it is!
2. What+(形容词）+可数名词复数或不可数名词+主语+谓语!
What kind women they are!
What nice music it is!
由How引导的感叹句
（how用来修饰形容词、副词或动词。）
1. How+形容词（副词）+主语+谓语！
How hard the workers are working!
How clever the girl is!
How quickly the boy is writing!
1. (2023·广州)他们还赢得了广东省飞镖比赛冠军。多么棒的项目啊！
They won the Championship of Guangdong Darts Match, too. ________________________ project it is!
【答案】What a wonderful
【解析】根据题干可知此处是一个感叹句。中心词为可数名词project“项目”，符合结构：What+ a/an+形容词+主语+谓语。project是以辅音音素开头，应用a；wonderful“极好的”。故填What a wonderful。
2. (2023·河北) 2. fine, what, weather （连词成句）
____________________!
【答案】What fine weather
【解析】根据标点提示可知，本句是感叹句，强调的中心词是不可数名词weather，用“What+adj+不可数名词!”句型，故填What fine weather“多好的天气啊”。
3.(2023·江苏南通). ________ it was to see the main sights of the world in the World Park!
A How amazing day B. How an amazing day
C. What amazing day D. What an amazing day
【答案】D
【解析】句意：在世界公园里看到世界的主要景点是多么美妙的一天啊！
考查感叹句。句子是感叹句，中心词是可数名词单数day，用感叹句结构：What a/an adj. n.+主谓。故选D。
4.(2023·江苏宿迁). —China won all the gold medals at the 2023 World Table Tennis Championships.
—______ exciting news!
A. What a B. How a C. How D. What
【答案】D
【解析】句意：——中国包揽了2023年世乒赛的所有金牌。——多么令人兴奋的消息啊！
考查感叹句，感叹句的中心词news是不可数名词，此处用“What+形容词+不可数名词”结构。故选D。
1.(2023·辽宁营口) ________ useful knowledge the astronaut in Tiangong Classroom has taught us!
A. How B. What C. How a D. What a
【答案】B
【解析】句意：在天宫课堂上，宇航员教了我们多么有用的知识！
考查感叹句。句子中心词是不可数名词knowledge，此处符合“What+adj+不可数名词+主谓！”的结构，应用what引导感叹句，故选B。
2.(2023·辽宁盘锦) The cheers filled the air. ________ an exciting basketball game!
A. What B. Why C. Who D. How
【答案】A
【解析】句意：空气中弥漫着欢呼声。多么激动人心的篮球比赛啊！
考查感叹句。What什么；Why为什么；Who谁；How怎样。句子是感叹句，中心词是可数名词单数，用感叹句结构what+ a /an+名词单数+主语+谓语!。故选A。
3.(2023·长春) _______ good day! Why not take a walk along the sea
A. What B. What a C. How D. How a
【答案】B
【解析】句意：多好的一天啊！为什么不去海边散步呢？
考查感叹句。中心词day是可数名词的单数形式，用what引导的感叹句结构：what+a/an+形容词+可数名词的单数形式+主谓，故选B。
4.(2023·) 《山行》是一首多么美的诗啊！
________ ________ beautiful poem Going up the Hill is!
【答案】 ①. What ②. a
【解析】本句强调的中心词是可数名词单数poem，用“What+ a/an + adj+可数名词单数+主谓”句型，beautiful首字母发辅音音素。故填What；a。
5. ________ clever girl Kitty is! She can come up with some creative ways to finish the project.
A. What B. How a C. How D. What a
【答案】D
【解析】句意：基蒂是一个多么聪明的女孩啊！她可以想出一些有创意的方法来完成这个项目。
考查感叹句。句子是感叹句，中心词是单数可数名词girl，符合结构“What+ a/ an+ adj+单数名词+主谓!”。故选D。
6. ________special classes we had! We have learned a lot about paper cutting.
A. What B. What a C. How a D. How
【答案】A
【解析】句意：我们上的课多么不寻常啊！我们学到了很多剪纸的知识。感叹句的基本结构：How＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语+其他! What+（a/an）＋(形容词)＋名词＋主语+谓语+其他！题干中的中心词classess是可数名词复数，符合“What＋形容词＋可数名词复数＋（主语+谓语+其他）！”，故答案选A。
注意：判断感叹句是由what还是how引导的方法：首先，断句。从句子后面向前看，找到“主语+谓语+其他”部分，把句子断开；其次，观察。观察句子前面剩余部分为名词（词组），还是形容词或副词；若是名词（词组），那么本句是由what（a/an）引导；若是形容词或副词，那么本句就由how 引导。
7.-___________wonderful the music is! What’s its name -Victory.
A. How B. How a C. What D. What a
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——多么美妙的音乐啊!它的名字是什么 ——Victory。考查感叹句。how和what都可用于引导感叹句：how修饰形容词或副词，what修饰名词或名词性短语。本句wonderful（美妙的）是形容词，需用how引导。根据句意结构，可知选A。
注意：表达欢喜、悲伤、惊讶等感情的句子称为感叹句。一般以疑问词what或how起始，而以惊叹号终结。感叹句通常有以下形式：一、How+形容词〔或副词〕+S+V…! 二、What a [an] +形容词+名词+S+V…! 若名词为不可数或复数的话，就不能用不定冠词。例如：What bad weather we’re having! 多讨厌的天气!三、How+形容词+ a [an] +名词+S+V…!
8. ________ delicious the soup is! I’d like some more.
A. How B. How an C. What D. What an
【答案】A
【解析】符合How＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语+其他! What+（a/an）＋(形容词)＋名词＋主语+谓语+其他！这一感叹句句式。故选A
9. —Have you heard of the news that the three astronauts have returned to the earth safely
—Of course. ________ exciting the news is!
A. What B. What an C. How D. How an
【答案】C
【解析】句意：——你听说三名宇航员安全返回地球的消息了吗？ ——当然。这消息真令人兴奋！
考查感叹句。根据“…exciting the news is!”可知，此句为感叹句，中心词为exciting“令人兴奋的”，形容词，the news为主语，is系动词，应该用how引导感叹句，结构为How+形容词+主语+谓语，故选C。
10. — ________ fine weather! Let’s fly a kite in the park, shall we
—Good idea!
A. How B. How a C. What D. What a
【答案】C
【解析】句意：——多好的天气啊！让我们在公园里放风筝，好吗？——好主意！
考查感叹句。fine weather是不可数名词短语，故用What引导感叹句，“What+形容词+不可数名词（+主谓）”是感叹句句型之一。故选C。
11. —________ sad music Abing played!
—Yeah. Every time I listen to it, I’m really moved.
A. What a B. What an C. What D. How
【答案】C
【解析】句意：——阿炳演奏了多么悲伤的音乐！——是的。每次我听它，我都很感动。
考查感叹句。该句是感叹句，music是不可数名词，因此不可数名词用“what+形容词+不可数名词+主+谓”。故选C。
12. ________ important work the teachers are doing! Let’s show our respect for them.
A. How B. What a C. What an D. What
【答案】D
【解析】句意：老师们正在做多么重要的工作啊！让我们对他们表示尊敬吧。
考查感叹句。在感叹句中，what修饰名词，how修饰形容词或副词，根据“important work the teachers are doing”可知，important是形容词，work是不可数名词，the teachers是主语，are doing是谓语，句型结构为：What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语动词！故选D。
13. — ________ fine it is today! Why not go for a walk？
—That sounds good. Let’s go.
A. How B. What a C. What
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——今天天气真好！为什么不去散散步呢 ——听起来不错。我们走吧。
考查感叹句。根据感叹句句型“How+形容词 +主语+谓语!”以及结合fine是形容词，意为“好的”，可知这里填how，构成感叹句。故选A。
14. ________ valuable advice you gave me! I’ll take action at once.
A. What B. What a C. How D. How a
【答案】A
【解析】句意：你给我的建议多么宝贵呀！我马上采取行动。
考查感叹句的用法。在感叹句中，what修饰名词，how修饰形容词或副词，根据“valuable advice”可知用what，排除选项C和D；advice为不可数名词，排除选项B。故选A。
15. _________ goldfish! Who bought them
A. What a pretty B. How a pretty C. What pretty D. How petty
【答案】C
【解析】句意：多么漂亮的金鱼呀！谁买的它们？
考查感叹句结构。句子的中心词goldfish，且根据them“它们”可知goldfish“金鱼”为可数名词复数，本句符合感叹句结构“What+ adj.+n.+主谓”。故选C。
【祈使句】
考向二、祈使句
1. 祈使句表示请求、命令、建议、劝告和号召等含义，其肯定形式是以动词原形开头，否定形式是在动词原形之前加 don’t。
2.祈使句基本结构
肯定句式有三种形式：
Do型（以动词原形开头）
Sit down! Stand up!
（2）Be型（Be+表语，如名词、形容词）
Be quiet! Be quick!
（3）Let型（Let+人称代词宾格+动词原形+其他成分）
Let me help you.
注意：为了祈使句的句式委婉、客气，常加上please一词，构成句式Please...或...，please.
Come here please. Please look after your little sister.
3.祈使句的否定结构是在动词原形前加don't
Please don't go there. Don't be late. Don't let him in.
1.(2023·江苏徐州) 4Please move your car away, sir. This is “________” area.
A. No smoking B. No parking C. No swimming D. No littering
【答案】B
【解析】句意：先生，请把您的车开走。这里是“禁止停车”区域。
考查情景交际。祈使句表示请求、命令。No smoking禁止吸烟；No parking禁止停车；No swimming禁止游泳；No littering禁止乱扔垃圾。根据“Please move your car away”可知，要把车开走，所以是禁止停车，故选B。
2.(2023·甘肃) ________ trying and do your best.
A. Keep B. Keeping C. To keep D. Kept
【答案】A
【解析】句意：继续努力，尽你最大的努力。
考查祈使句。根据“and do your best”可知句子是祈使句，以动词原形开头。故选A。
1.(2023·辽宁一模) — _______ late for school again, Tim! — Sorry, I promise that I _______.
A. Don’t; won’t B. Don’t be; won’t C. Don’t be; don’t D. Don’t; will
【答案】A
【解析】祈使句：Be +表语（名词或形容词）+其他成分。答案选A
2. __________ your umbrella, or you’ll catch a cold on such a rainy day.
A. Take B. To take C. Taking D. Taken
【答案】A
【解析】句意：带上你的雨伞，否则在这样的雨天你会感冒的。这是一个祈使句，动词用原形。
3.Please . The boy is studying.
A. not noisy B. don’t noisy C. not to be noisy D. don’t be noisy
【答案】D
【解析】祈使句否定句。Don’t +动词原形。或Don’t / Never +be+表语（名词或形容词）+其他成分。故答案选D
4. more books, and you will improve your reading skills.
A. Reading B. Read C . Reads D. To read
【答案】B
【解析】句意:多读书,你就会提高你的阅读技能。前半句是表示建议、劝告的祈使句。肯定祈使句以动词原形开头。故选B。
5. ________ the beef, carrots and potatoes into a pot and add some water.
A. Put B. To put C. Putting D. Puts
【答案】A
【解析】句意：将牛肉、胡萝卜和土豆放入锅中，加入一些水。
考查祈使句。Put放（动词原形）；To put放（不定式）；Putting放（动名词/现在分词）；Puts放（动词三单）。分析句子，结合句意可知，此句为祈使句的肯定形式，省略主语，应用动词原形开头。故选A。
6. me an email before you come to Hangzhou. I’ll meet you at the airport.
A. Sending B. To send C. Sends D. Send
【答案】D
【解析】句意：在你来到杭州之前给我发封电子邮件。我会在机场接你。
考查祈使句。根据“...me an email before you come to Hangzhou.”可知，句子为一个祈使句，应是用动词原形引导。故选D。
7. ________ be late again, Bill!
A. Not B. No C. Doesn’t D. Don’t
【答案】D
【解析】句意：比尔，别再迟到了！
考查祈使句的否定形式。根据“...be late again, Bill”可知，此处为祈使句的否定形式，其结构为“Don’t+动词原形+其他”。故选D。
8. If you have any question, please ________ the teacher ________ help.
A. ask; about B. asks; for C. asks; about D. ask, for
【答案】D
【解析】句意：如果你有任何问题，请向老师寻求帮助。
考查动词短语辨析以及祈使句。ask sb about sth询问某人关于某事；ask sb for sth向某人要某物。根据“ the teacher … help”可知，此处用ask sb for help表示“向某人寻求帮助”，此处是祈使句的肯定形式，第一空应填动词原形，故选D。
9. —________ quiet, please! You are in the library.
— I’m sorry, sir.
A. Keep B. To keep C. Keeping D. Keeps
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——请保持安静！你是在图书馆。——对不起，先生。
考查祈使句。根据“...quiet, please!”可知，此句为祈使句的肯定形式，用动词原形。故选A。
10. Don’t watch too much TV, _______
A. will you B. won’t you C. shall we D. do you
【答案】A
【解析】句意：不要看太多电视，好吗？
考查祈使句的反意疑问句。“Don’t watch too much TV.”是否定的祈使句，但不管是肯定还是否定句，都用will you。故选A。
【疑问句】
疑问句
疑 问 句 一般疑问句 询问一件事或情况是否属实 Is this your schoolbag
特殊疑问句 针对句子某一具体成分提问 What does your father do
选择疑问句 提供两种或两种以上的情况供对方选择 —Is your friend a boy or a girl —He is a boy.
反意疑问句 由陈述句+简短问句组成，问话者欲对陈述句部分的内容做进一步证实 —There is a book on the desk, isn’t there —Yes, there is./ No, there isn’t.
常用的特殊疑问词有:who，whom，whose，which，what，when，where，why，how以及how引出的词组how many，how long，how often，how soon, how far等。在这里重点讲讲how引出的词组的辨析。
考向三、疑问词的区别
辨析：how引出的疑问词组
how often 意为“多久一次”，提问频率。
表示频率的副词有always(总是), usually(通常), often(常常), sometimes/at times(有时), seldom(很少、不常), hardly(几乎不), never(决不、从来不)等；
how long 有两种用法
①how long意为“多长时间、多久”，提问一段时间，这是其主要用法。
表示一段时间的短语有：“for+一段时间” 意为“长达……”，如for four days(长达四天)；“since+时间点或时间状语从句” 意为“自从……以来”，如since yesterday/two days ago(自从昨天/两天前以来)等。
②how long意为“多长”，提问事物的长度。
how soon 意为“多久以后”，对“in+一段时间”提问，意为“……之后(内)”，表示从现在到将来动作发生时为止的一段时间，常与一般将来时态连用。 如in some weeks(数周后)。
how far 意为“多远”，提问两地之间的距离。
表示两地间距离的短语常见的有five kilometers(五千米), a few miles(数英里), ten minutes’ walk(十分钟的步行路程), three hours’ ride(三小时的车程)等
how much 有两种用法
①“多少钱”，对价格或价钱提问，相当于“What’s the price of sth.？” 意为“某物多少钱？”。
—How much is the bike
=What’s the price of the bike 自行车的价格是多少？ —50. 五十美元。
②“多少”，对不可数名词的数量提问，有时how much接的不可数名词可省略。
—How much bread would you like 你要多少面包？ —Five kilos of bread. 五公斤。
how many “多少”，对复数名词的数量提问，有时how many接的复数名词可省略。
—How many watches do you want 你要几块手表？
—Two watches. 两块。
考向四、反意疑问句
反意疑问句由一个陈述句和一个简略式的疑问句构成。若陈述句部分为肯定式，疑问部分一般用否定式；若陈述句部分为否定式，则疑问部分一般用肯定式。陈述句部分如果有动词be、助动词或情态动词时，疑问部分要重复这些词。疑问部分的主语一般要用代词形式。如：
Mike was a singer, wasn’t he 迈克是个歌手，是不是？
Lily came home late, didn’t she 莉莉很晚到家，是不是？
Ann and Mary won’t come, will they 安和玛丽不会来了，是吗？
You can’t work out the problem, can you 你做不出这道题，是吗？
特殊变化的反意疑问句：
1 陈述句部分若是I am，疑问部分要用aren’t I。如：
I am very happy, aren’t I 我很开心，不是吗？
2 陈述句部分主语是everybody, everyone, somebody或these, those时，疑问部分用they作代词；陈述句部分主语
是everything, nothing, something或this, that时，疑问部分用it作代词。如：
Everybody is here, aren’t they 大家都到齐了，是吗？
Everything is ready, isn’t it 一切都准备好了，是吗？
3 当陈述句部分含有no, never, little, few, hardly, seldom等否定意义的词时，疑问部分用肯定形式。如：
No one knows you at the university, do they
这个大学没人认识你，是吗？
She has never been to Australia, has she
她从未去过澳大利亚，是吗？
4 陈述句部分是“I don’t think / believe + 从句”时，疑问部分用肯定形式且对从句提问。如：
I don’t think you are a teacher, are you
我认为你不是个教师，对不对？
5 当领先的句子为祈使句时，疑问部分一般用will you，有时也用could / would you。如：
Please open the window, will you 请开窗，好吗？
Don’t open the window, will you 别开窗，好吗？
6 以Let’s开头的句子，疑问部分用shall we。如：
Let’s do it right now, shall we 咱们现在就开始，好吗？
1. (2023·连云港) —________ have you been a member of the Youth League
—For three years.
A. How long B. How many C. How often D. How far
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——你成为共青团员有多长时间了？——三年了。
考查特殊疑问句。How long多久，多长；How many多少；How often多久一次；How far多远。根据答句“For three years.”可知询问时长应用how long来提问。故选A。
2. (2023·江苏南通). —Excuse me, ________ is the Gengsu Theatre from this hotel
—It’s about ten minutes if you take a taxi.
A. how far B. how long C. how soon D. how much
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——对不起，庚戌剧院离这家旅馆有多远？——如果你坐出租车大约需要十分钟。
考查特殊疑问句。how far多远；how long多长时间；how soon多久之后；how much多少钱。根据“It’s about ten minutes if you take a taxi.”可知此处询问距离，疑问词用how far。故选A。
3. (2023·甘肃) —________ do you learn these words by heart
—By using them in different ways.
A. When B. How C. Why D. Where
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——你是怎么把这些单词背下来的？——通过以不同的方式使用它们。
考查特殊疑问句。when什么时候；how如何；why为什么；where哪里。根据“By using them...”可知此处询问方式，疑问词用how。故选B。
1.(2023·江苏无锡) ________ is your hometown I can’t find it anywhere on the map.
A. What B. Which C. When D. Where
【答案】D
【解析】句意：你的家乡在哪里？我在地图上找不到它。
考查特殊疑问句。What什么；Which哪一个；When什么时候；Where哪里。根据“I can’t find it anywhere on the map.”可知，此处指询问家乡的位置，应用where提问。故选D。
2.(2023·辽宁抚顺) — ________ have you been a member of the football team
—For two years.
A. How much B. How often C. How many D. How long
【答案】D
【解析】句意：——你当足球队队员多久了？——两年了。
考查特殊疑问句。How much多少钱；How often多久一次；How many多少；How long多久。根据答语“For two years.”可知，对时长提问，故选D。
3.(2023·吉林长春) — _______ do you visit your grandparents
— Once a week. I play chess with them every Sunday evening.
A. How often B. How much C. How long D. How far
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——你多久拜访你的爷爷奶奶一次？——一周一次。我每个星期天晚上都和他们下棋。
考查疑问词组。How often多久一次；How much多少（钱）；How long多久；How far多远。根据“Once a week.”可知对频率提问，用How often。故选A。
4. (2023·吉林长春)— Which season do you like better in Changchun, winter or autumn
— _______. I like playing with snow.
A. Yes, I do B. No, I don’t C. Winter D. Autumn
【答案】C
【解析】句意：——你更喜欢长春的哪个季节，冬天还是秋天？——冬天。我喜欢玩雪。
考查疑问句。Yes, I do是的，我喜欢；No, I don’t不，我不喜欢；Winter冬天；Autumn秋天。根据“winter or autumn”可知，这是在两者中选择，直接回答自己的选择。结合“I like playing with snow”可知，应是喜欢在冬天玩雪，故选C。
5. —________ Lily have long ________ short hair
—She has long hair.
A. Does; and B. Does; or C. Is; or D. Is; and
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——莉莉留着长发还是短发？——她留着长发。
考查选择疑问句的用法。问句的结构为“一般疑问句+被选择的两个并列成分”。句中的“have”是实义动词，变一般疑问句要添加助动词，主语“Lily”是单数，助动词用does；and意为“和”，or意为“或者”，选择疑问句中用or表示选择。故选B。
6. There used to be few houses here, ________
A. did it B. didn’t there C. did there D. was there
【答案】C
【解析】句意：以前这里很少有房子，是吗？
考查反意疑问句。根据反意疑问句“前否后肯”的原则，及few是否定意义的词可知，疑问句部分用肯定式，排除B；used to be是过去时态，助动词用did来反问，后跟there。故选C。
7. There were few new words in the English competition for your daughter, ________
A. were there B. weren’t there C. didn’t they D. did they
【答案】A
【解析】句意：对你女儿来说，在这次英语比赛中几乎没有新单词，对吗？
考查反意疑问句。There be句型的反意疑问句需用“be(not) there”的形式；又因“few”为否定词，根据反意疑问句的规则——“前肯后否，前否后肯”可知，反意疑问句应写为“were there”的形式。故选A。
8. He’s never been late for school, ________
A. has he B. hasn’t he C. is he D. isn’t he
【答案】A
【解析】句意：他从来不迟到。分析句式，根据语境及题干关键信息never可知， 题干是前否后肯形式的反意疑问句，因此疑问部分应用肯定形式，且题干谓语是现在完成时态has been，故选A。
9. They’ve visited more than ten European countries these years , ________
A. didn’t they B. did they C. haven’t they D. have they
【答案】C
【解析】句意：这些年来，他们访问了十多个欧洲国家，不是吗？
考查反意疑问句。反意疑问句的特点是“前肯后否，前否后肯”，前句是肯定句，后句应用否定形式，排除B/D选项，前句是现在完成时，后句要用现在完成时的助动词，故选C。
10. Everybody knows the answer, ________
A. does he B. doesn’t it C. do they D. don’t they
【答案】D
【解析】句意：每个人都知道答案，不是吗？
考查反意疑问句。反意疑问句遵循“前肯后否，前否后肯”，根据“Everybody knows...”可知疑问部分用否定形式，排除AC；且主语用they，助动词用don’t。故选D。
11. He hardly watches TV, ________
A. does he B. doesn’t he C. do he D. don’t he
【答案】A
【解析】句意：他几乎不看电视，是吗？
考查反义疑问句。根据“He hardly watches TV, ...”可知，陈述部分含有否定意义的词“hardly”，故疑问部分应用肯定形式，排除BD选项；再根据主语为“He”，时态是一般现在时，故助动词应用does。故选A。
12. They can’t finish the work on time, ______
could they B. couldn’t they C. can they D. can’t they
【答案】C
【解析】前否后肯。 句中有情态动词。
13.They have to wash their clothes by themselves, ______
A haven’t they B. mustn’t they C. won’t they D. don’t they
【答案】D
【解析】have to 看成与实义动词一样。故借助助动词don’t。
14.Don’t forget to lock the door, _______
A. do you B. don’t you C. will you D. won’t you
【答案】C
【解析】祈使句反义疑问句用will you
15. Let’s go swimming, _______
A. will you B. shall we C. won’t you D. can we
【答案】B
【解析】 let’s 。。。的句子反义疑问句用shall we？
16. —______ is a ticket for a kid (儿童票)
—It’s free for kids under three.
A. How long B. How old C. How much D. How many
【答案】C
【解析】句意：——一张儿童票多少钱？——三岁以下儿童免费。
考查特殊疑问句。How long多久，多长；How old多少岁；How much多少钱；How many多少。根据“It’s free for kids under three.”可知，三岁以下儿童免费，此处应是询问儿童票的价格，应用How much。故选C。
17. —How much do you need
—________.
A. Twenty dollars for a pair B. Once a week C. A spoon of honey D . Three apples
【答案】C
【解析】句意：——你需要多少？——一勺蜂蜜。
考查how much的答语。问句how much用来提问价格或不可数名词的数量，根据need“需要”可知，此处是提问不可数名词的数量。故选C。
18. —________ do you celebrate the Double Ninth Festival (重阳节)
—We usually climb hills, bring some presents and visit the old people.
A. How B. Why C. What D. When
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——你们如何庆祝重阳节？——我们通常爬山，带礼物，看望老人。
考查疑问词的用法。How怎样，如何；Why为什么；What什么；When什么时候。“We usually climb hills, bring some presents and visit the old people.”可知这是在讲庆祝的方式和内容，故选A。
19. —________ butter do we need to make a sandwich
—One spoon is enough.
A. How many B. How much C. How far D. What
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——我们做三明治需要多少黄油？——一勺就够了。
考查特殊疑问句。How many多少， 修饰可数名词复数；How much多少， 修饰不可数名词；How far多远；What什么。根据“One spoon is enough.”可知， 这里对数量提问， 且修饰不可数名词butter“黄油”，用How much。故选B。
20. —I wonder ________ you can finish the work. —In two weeks.
A. how soon B. how long C. how often D. how about
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——我想知道你多久能完成这项工作。——两周后。
考查疑问词辨析。how soon多快，多久以后，询问将来动作发生的时间；how long多长，询问物体或时间的长度；how often多久一次，询问频率；how about怎么样。根据“In two weeks.”可知，设空处询问“完成工作”这个将来动作的发生时间。故选A。
21. —What does his mother look like
—________.
A. She’s thin B. She’s a doctor C. She’s forty D. She’s shy
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——他妈妈长什么样？——她很瘦。
考查特殊疑问句的回答。根据“What does his mother look like ”可知，问句是针对长相提问，所以，答句需是针对长相作答，结合选项可知，A符合题意。故选A。
22 — ________ is it today
— It’s Monday.
A. What day B. What about C. What time D. What color
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——今天星期几？——今天是星期一。
考查特殊疑问句。What day哪一天；What about怎么样；What time几点；What color什么颜色。根据答语“It’s Monday.”可知，此处应询问今天星期几，应用what day。故选A。
23. —________ do you take an English exam
—Once a month.
A. How long B. How soon C. How often D. How much
【答案】C
【解析】句意：——你多久考一次英语？——一月一次。
考查特殊疑问句。How long多长时间；How soon多久以后；How often多久一次；How much多少钱。根据“Once a month”可知是对频率进行提问，用how often。故选C。
24. —________ will you stay with your grandparents
—For one week.
A. How often B. How long C. How far D. How many
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——你要和爷爷奶奶在一起多久？——一周。
考查特殊疑问句。how often多久一次；how long多长时间；how far多远；how many多少。根据“For one week”可知此处询问时间段，疑问词用how long。故选B。
25. —________ the population of our city
—More than 9 million.
A. How many is B. How much is C. What’s D. What’re
【答案】C
【解析】句意：——我们城市的人口是多少？——超过900万。
考查特殊疑问。根据“the population of”可知，此处提问人口的数量，使用what’s the population of...“……人口的数量是多少”。故选C。
26. —________ ruler is this
—It’s ________.
A. Who; hers B. Whose; him C. Whose; mine
【答案】C
【解析】句意：——这是谁的尺子？——它是我的。
考查特殊疑问句和代词。Who谁；Whose谁的；hers她的（东西）；him他；mine我的（东西）。第一空修饰名词ruler，用形容词whose，排除A项。第二空回答是某人的，因此用代词mine，故选C。
27. — ________ is the English test
—It’s next month.
A. Who B. Where C. What D. When
【答案】D
【解析】句意：——英语考试是什么时候？——下个月。
考查特殊疑问句。Who谁；Where哪里；What什么；When什么时候。根据回答“It’s next month.”可知，此处问的是考试时间，应用when提问，故选D。
28. —________ have you stayed in this hotel
—Not long, just ________ this Wednesday.
A. How soon; since B. How long; since C. How soon; from D. How long; from
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——你在旅馆待了多长时间了？——不长时间，就从这周三开始的。
考查特殊疑问句和词义辨析。how soon用来询问多久之后，常用于将来时；how long用来询问多长时间；since自从；from从。根据“Not long（不长时间）”可知，这是在描述做某事用了多久，因此特殊疑问词应用how long；又知答语应为一段时间，所以所缺部分应与this Wednesday构成时间段，how long提问，答语常为for+一段时间或since+时间点，而且this Wednesday“这周三”为一个时间点，所以用since。故选B。
29. Badminton, table tennis...Hmm, ________ do you like to play
A. what other B. what else C. how many other D. how many else
【答案】B
【解析】句意：羽毛球、乒乓球……。嗯，你还喜欢玩什么？
考查特殊疑问句。what other错误用法，other后缺少名词；what else其他的什么；how many other错误用法；how many else错误用法。“其他的什么东西”用what else表示。故选B。
30. —________
—It’s Thursday the 7th
A. What’s today B. What time is it now C. What’s the date today D. What day is it today
【答案】A
【解析】——今天是几号、星期几？——今天星期四，7号。
考查特殊疑问句。What’s today今天几号、星期几；What time is it now现在几点；What’s the date today今天几号；What day is it today今天星期几。根据回答“今天星期四，7号”可知，空处提问星期几和几号。故选A。
【it的基本用法】
考向四、it的基本用法
it的基本用法包括：指事物，指动物或婴儿，指上文提到的情况，指身份不明的人，指时间、距离、环境、天气等自然现象，等。
It's still raining. 还在下雨。
It's two miles to the beach. 到海边有两英里。
It was very quiet in the cafe. 咖啡馆里很安静。
They got a baby and it was very lovely. 他们生了个孩子，很可爱。
1. 形式主语：当不定式、动名词、从句等用作主语时，句首使用形式主语it，而把真正的主语放在句子末尾。
It's no use saying any more about it. 再谈这事没有用了。
It's not known where she went. 她到哪里去了没人知道。
2. 形式宾语：当不定式、动名词、从句等用作宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语时，就应在宾语补足语前使用形式宾语，而将真正的宾语移至句末。如：
I find it easy to get on with her. 我发现她很容易相处。
3. 用于以下特殊句型中：
It doesn't matter (if)... ……没关系
It seems (appears) that (as if)... （看起来）似乎……
It happens that... 碰巧……
It's... since... 自……以来有多久了。
1. ________ is necessary ________ it to yourself when someone tells you something personal.
A. It；to make B. That；making C. It；to keep D. That；keeping
【答案】C
【解析】句意：当别人告诉你一些私人的事情时，你有必要保守秘密。
考查it固定句型和动词短语。根据“is necessary ... it to yourself”可知，此处是固定句型It is+形容词+to do sth“做某事是……的”，空一处用it作形式主语，排除B、D选项；空二处是固定短语keep ... to oneself“保守秘密”。故选C。
2. If you don’t work hard in Grade 7, you’ ll find ________ difficult to study English well in Grade 9.
A. it B. its C. that D. itself
【答案】A
【解析】句意：如果你在七年级不努力学习，你就很难在九年级学好英语。
考查代词。it它；its它的；that那个；itself它自己。此空是形式宾语，指代后文在九年级学好英语。故用it。故选A。
3. It takes us 2 hours _________ to Huai’an by taking the Nanjing-Huai’an high-speed railway.
A. to get B. getting C. get D. gets
【答案】A
【解析】句意：坐南京至淮安高速铁路到淮安需要两个小时。
考查非谓语动词。此处是句型It takes sb. some time to do sth.“花费某人多长时间干某事”，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式。故选A。
4. AI technology has made ________ easier to deliver parcels.
A. it B. this C. that D. what
【答案】A
【解析】句意：人工智能技术使投递包裹变得更容易。
考查it作形式宾语和代词辨析。it它；this这，这个；that那，那个；what什么。分析句子结构可知，本句的句子结构为：“主语+谓语+it+形容词+（for sb.）+to do sth.+其他”，其中it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式to deliver parcels。故选A。
5. —What is the time now？
—_______ is two o'clock.
A. This B. That C. It D. He
【答案】C
【解析】it指时间、季节、天气、距离等.这里it指“时间。”
6. —What is the weather like？
—_______ is windy.
A. That B. This C. It D. He
【答案】C
【解析】it指时间、季节、天气、距离等.这里it指“天气。”
7. —How long is the river？
—_______ is two hundred kilometers.
A. It B. That C. This D. He
【答案】A
【解析】it指时间、季节、天气、距离等.这里it指“距离”
8. I can’t find my ticket. I think I must have lost ______.
A. it B. one C. this D. them
【答案】A
【解析】it用作代词，指代物，指前面提到过的同一事物。
9. — I often have hamburgers for lunch.
— You’d better not. It’s bad for you _______ too much junk food.
A. eat B. to eat C. eating D. ate
【答案】B
【解析】用于固定句型It is/was/will be+形容词+（for/of sb.）+to do sth.。不定式作主语，it作形式主语。
10. It is very important for us _______ English well.
A. learn B. learning C. to learn D. learned
【答案】C
【解析】用于固定句型It is/was/will be+形容词+（for/of sb.）+to do sth.。不定式作主语，it作形式主语。
11. — Nick, I lost my pen and I couldn’t find ________ anywhere.
— There are many pens in that box. Just take________ .
A. it; it B. it; one C. one; it D. one; one
【答案】B
【解析】it用作代词，指代物，指前面提到过的事物本身。One代词指代前面同种类物品中的一个。
11. The official made ______ clear that he would do everything possible to solve the problem.
A. it B. this C. that D. him
【答案】A
【解析】it在这里作形式宾语。真正宾语是后面that引导的宾语从句。
12. I bought the pen three years ago and I’m still using _____ now.
A. one B. ones C. it D. this
【答案】C
【解析】it用作代词，指代物，指前面提到过的同一事物
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