中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
专题15 阅读还原
还原句子型阅读是中考题型中比较新的题型，一般有200-250个单词左右，常见题型为5选5（广州，湖北荆州等）、6选5（深圳，成都等），7选5（山东，江苏等）。这题型实际上需要学生拓宽自己思维的深度和广度，不再只是简单地从句子层面出发理解和把 控词汇含义和语法结构，从而逐步理解篇章意思，而是从更高层次的篇章层面上，立足整体，体会句子或语段前后的衔接和连贯性，进而把握篇章大意和作者写作思路及其意图。它要求考生不但要有扎实的语言功底，而且还要有较强的逻辑思维能力，要求考生能够“既见树木又见森林”，极大的增加了考生的难度。
解题技巧
在做阅读还原题的过程中，要关注段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系（主要有并列、转折、因果关系等）及在英语阅读中常见的单词复现、代词指代，关注特殊句式。如排比句等。
在做阅读还原题时，首先要看标题读选项，预测文章大意并找出选项与文章对应的关键词；然后要读文章、找逻辑，抓过渡句和主题句。注意解题时先把握容易找出的逻辑关系，再解决有困难的题；最后，在完成所有选项后，要回读文章，核查逻辑关系。
1．通读全文，了解文章大意。
2．通读答案，找出和文章相对应的关键词。
3．根据文章整体结构、具体内容，并结合关键词，将选项填入文中。
4．将所选答案代入文中，再次通读全文，重点考查逻辑关系和关联结构，研究多余选项，确定排除理由，最终确定答案。
解题方法
（一）问题设在段中
1. 盯紧横线的前后词语
根据段落一致性原则，在原文和选项中找到相关的特征词。
2．抓住过渡词，看住上下句
看与前文是否是转折或对比关系，此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折对比的关联词，同时注意选项中 所讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立，对比关系。
看与前文是否是并列或排比关系，在这种情况下，通常是该段落要求补全说明本段主题的其他细节。 因此，通常选项中会出现表示并列或递进关系的关联词或与前文类似的句式结构，或出现同义词等其 他线索。
（二）问题设在段首
1. 通常是段落的主题句
认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找相关的词，推断出主题句。
2．与后文是并列、转折或因果关系等
着重阅读后文第一二句，锁定线索信号词，然后在选项中查找相关特征词，通常正确答案的最后一句
与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的。因此这两句之间会有某种的衔接手段。
3．段落间的过渡句
这时要瞻前顾后找启示，即阅读上一段结尾部分，通常正确答案与上一段结尾有机衔接，并结合下一 段内容，看所选的答案是否将两段内容连贯起来。
（三）问题设在段尾
1．空白前的一句或两句是重点语句，重点阅读以锁定关键词。
2．通常是结论、概括性语句
注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词：Therefore, as a result, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word, all in all, in conclusion等词语。选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。
3．所选答案是引出下一段的内容的句子
如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考虑与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接，认真阅读下一 段开头几句，看是否与选项的最后一句紧密连接起来。
4. 如果第一段的段尾是空白，要认真阅读，看此处是细节还是主题通常文章第一段要提出文章的主 题，如果在段尾提出主题，会用一些信号词如转折词引出来，正确答案应有这样的特征词。
（2023·山东济南）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
We all love spending time by the sea. Some lucky ones might live on the coast and enjoy the benefits (益处) all around the year. ____1____ Most of us would say we feel healthier by the ocean. In the past, doctors would actually suggest spending time by the sea to their patients. And research has shown that people who live on the coast are more likely to believe their health is good compared to those living in a city. So how do we benefit, exactly
Well, to start with, it’s great for our mental (心理) health. Scientists have discovered that we have something called a blue mind. They have shown that watching, listening to the waves (海浪) or being in the ocean helps our brains slow down. ____2____ This is why people who have trouble sleeping are often told to listen to recordings of the sound of waves hitting the beach to help them relax at bedtime.
____3____ We go out a lot more when we’re on holiday by the sea. We often become more active on holidays and people who live on the coast are usually more active too. ____4____ Walking on sand requires more effort than on the pavement. And the sea air is good for people with breathing problems too. There is less pollution in the air near the ocean and in autumn and winter the air is fresher. This is healthier than the dry air in homes with central heating. It has even been found that the chemicals in sea water may help us have healthy skin.
____5____ We look forward so much to having our next one!
A. Breathing the air in the city makes you more active.
B. Others usually have to wait for the next vacation.
C. Being by the sea is also good for our physical health.
D. Kids especially like to have fun by the sea in summer.
E. Naturally we often feel so great at the end of a seaside holiday.
F. The sound of them can help us relax and feel free from stress.
G. And if you take your walks on the beach, this is a lot better.
【答案】1. B 2. F 3. C 4. G 5. E
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍如何从海边受益。
1.根据“Some lucky ones might live on the coast and enjoy the benefits (益处) all around the year.”可知，一些幸运的人可能住在海边，一年四季都能享受到好处。结合选项，此处是some...others...结构，选项B“其他人通常要等到下一个假期。”符合语境，故选B。
2.根据“They have shown that watching, listening to the waves (海浪) or being in the ocean helps our brains slow down.”可知，他们已经证明，观察、倾听海浪或在海洋中可以帮助我们的大脑慢下来。此处提到帮助我们慢下来的大海的声音，选项F“它们的声音可以帮助我们放松，摆脱压力。”符合语境，故选F。
3.根据“We go out a lot more when we’re on holiday by the sea. We often become more active on holidays and people who live on the coast are usually more active too.”可知，当我们在海边度假时，我们外出的次数要多得多。我们经常在假期变得更活跃，住在海边的人通常也更活跃。此处提到在海边对人们的好处，选项C“在海边对我们的身体健康也有好处。”符合语境，故选C。
4.根据“Walking on sand requires more effort than on the pavement.”可知，在沙滩上行走比在人行道上行走更费力气。此处提到在沙滩上行走，选项G“如果你在沙滩上散步，这就好多了。”符合语境，故选G。
5.根据“We look forward so much to having our next one!”可知，我们非常期待我们的下一次，因为度假的经历很棒，所以期待下一次在海边度假。选项E“在海边度假结束时，我们自然会感觉很棒。”符合语境，故选E。
Passage 1
（2023·广州）
阅读短文及文后A~E选项，选出可以填入1-5各题空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Years ago, green was simply a color. Now it’s much more! In the 1970s, some people began to worry about what we did to mother Earth. ___1___ It is a big idea that touches governments all over the world, and a small idea that touches us all in our homes.
Architects (建筑师) and building engineers are thinking about how to make buildings greener. These days, green architecture is becoming more and more popular. ____2____
We need to be very careful about the materials (材料) we use. It is better to choose renewable materials-those that the Earth replaces quickly. ____3____ Also, for those materials that are not renewable, we need to use them as little as possible. Our mother Earth has offered us many other possibilities, such as wind and solar power.
Planners must think about the needs of those who will spend time in green buildings. In many cases, green energy is more comfortable for people. ____4____ Natural lighting is often kinder to the eyes than electric lighting. In fact, many people who live or work in green buildings report feeling happier and healthier.
____5____ For example, they might try to use as little land as possible. If a building covers a large area, there will be less space for plants and trees. They also have to think about cutting down waste and pollution while the building work is going on.
Although green buildings are more expensive to build, they are less expensive to run.
A. Or we can reuse some materials.
B. As a result, green thinking was born.
C. To understand it, we have to look at three different areas.
D. For example, natural wind brings people cleaner and fresher air.
E. Architects must consider what the building will do to the environment.
Passage 2
2023·湖北黄石）
根据短文内容，选出适当的句子补全短文，使短文意思通顺，内容完整。
Imagine this: you sit down and begin to eat a tasty tomato when, suddenly, it starts to scream (尖叫)! This thing will never really happen. ___26___
Researchers did the study. They used ultrasonic microphones (超声波麦克风) to record the sounds of tomato plants in boxes.
___27___: one group wasn’t watered for five days, another group had the stems (茎) cut off and the third group was untouched. It turned out that the first two groups made sounds 30 to 50 times per hour at a frequency (频率) of 40 to 80 kilohertz, while the untouched group only made the sound once per hour. When tomatoes are not stressed at all, they are very quiet.
___28___, but they believe the noise comes from the breaking of air bubbles (气泡) in the plants. This means the noise produced by the plants is not intentional (故意的) or a form of active communication.
There is no evidence (证据) that plants can intentionally communicate. ___29___. For example, the sound can tell a moth (蛾子) that the plant is under stress and not suitable to lay eggs on. An animal that wants to eat a plant could also use the sounds to make decisions, according to Science Focus.
After the experiment, the researchers listened to other plants such as wheat (小麦) and corn, and found that they also made more sounds when stressed. ___30___, as they can better take care of the crops (庄稼) by “hearing” how plants feel.
A Three groups of plants were listened to
B. The researchers don’t know how the sounds are made
C. Researchers said the study can benefit farmers in the future
D. But animals and insects may be “listening in” to benefit from the sound
E. But a new study showed that plants can make sounds when they are stressed
Passage 3
（2023·山东青岛）
根据短文内容，从选项中选出能填入文中空白处的最佳选项，选项中有一项为多余选项。
Enjoy Nature with Foraging (搜寻)!
Do you enjoy walking in nature Do you like learning about trees and plants ____31____. Foraging is a lot like looking for a treasure. You look around in places like forests and lakes to find different kinds of plants that you can eat.
Foraging is a lot of fun. ____32____. Some of these plants are dangerous. Some of them are good to eat. You can spend many relaxing hours walking around in the wild, looking for good plants to eat.
____33____. It is exciting and challenging to find plants that you can eat, but do not eat them until you are very sure of what they are. Before you go foraging, take a class about it. Learn how the different kinds of plants that you can eat look in the wild. Practice finding them with your foraging teacher. Then join a group of foragers. ____34____. Never eat anything until you are 100% sure of what it is. Some people have become sick by accident because they ate a wild plant that was dangerous.
Foragers follow some important rules. They do not collect all of the plants in one area. If you take all the plants from one area, no more will grow there. ____35____, like by a road or parking lot. If the area is very dirty, the plants there will not be good to eat and may make you very sick.
A. Your answer is yes
B. You may like foraging
C. Look for wild plants together
D. Do not look for plants in areas with a lot of cars
E. While foraging is a lot of fun, you still have to be careful
F. When you walk in the forest, you can find many kinds of plants
Passage 4
（2023·湖北荆门）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
It is believed that a good memory comes naturally, while a bad memory cannot be changed. ____16____ Here is some advice for you.
▲ Take an interest.
____17____ This can explain the reason why schoolboys remember football results clearly but have trouble with dates from their history lessons.
▲ Repeat things in chunks（块）.
Repeating things in chunks is the best way to remember things for a short time. ____18____ The following numbers would be impossible for most of us to remember: 1492178919318483. But look at them in groups or chunks repeatedly and it becomes much easier: 149 217 8919 318 483.
▲____19____
To remember long lists, try inventing a story which includes all the things you want to remember. In experiments（实验）, people were asked to remember up to 120 words using this way. When tested later, they could remember about 90% of them. The test result was really amazing.
▲ Take physical exercise.
Physical exercise is important for your memory, because it sends more oxygen（氧气） to your brain, and that makes your memory work better. ____20____ As we know, too much pressure is very bad for the memory.
A. Invent a story.
B. Putting numbers in groups may help you remember them.
C. Remember a list.
D. Exercise also makes you less stressed.
E. Boys always do better than girls in school.
F. In fact, you can do a lot to improve your memory.
G. We all remember interesting things and always forget boring ones.
Passage 5
（2023·湖北黄石）
根据短文内容，选出适当的句子补全短文，使短文意思通顺，内容完整。
Imagine this: you sit down and begin to eat a tasty tomato when, suddenly, it starts to scream (尖叫)! This thing will never really happen. ___26___
Researchers did the study. They used ultrasonic microphones (超声波麦克风) to record the sounds of tomato plants in boxes.
___27___: one group wasn’t watered for five days, another group had the stems (茎) cut off and the third group was untouched. It turned out that the first two groups made sounds 30 to 50 times per hour at a frequency (频率) of 40 to 80 kilohertz, while the untouched group only made the sound once per hour. When tomatoes are not stressed at all, they are very quiet.
___28___, but they believe the noise comes from the breaking of air bubbles (气泡) in the plants. This means the noise produced by the plants is not intentional (故意的) or a form of active communication.
There is no evidence (证据) that plants can intentionally communicate. ___29___. For example, the sound can tell a moth (蛾子) that the plant is under stress and not suitable to lay eggs on. An animal that wants to eat a plant could also use the sounds to make decisions, according to Science Focus.
After the experiment, the researchers listened to other plants such as wheat (小麦) and corn, and found that they also made more sounds when stressed. ___30___, as they can better take care of the crops (庄稼) by “hearing” how plants feel.
A Three groups of plants were listened to
B. The researchers don’t know how the sounds are made
C. Researchers said the study can benefit farmers in the future
D. But animals and insects may be “listening in” to benefit from the sound
E. But a new study showed that plants can make sounds when they are stressed
Passage 6
(2023·湖南长沙）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。每个选项仅使用一次。
How to Improve Your Reading
Learning how to read well in English might not be an easy task. ____1___ Reading well in English is useful for many reasons, not only for taking tests. If you want to improve your reading in English, the following are just for you!
Choose right reading materials (材料).
There are so many choices! There are textbooks and graded readers, but there are also a lot more books you can read. ____2____ Here is a good rule to follow: choose reading materials where you understand at least 80% of the content (内容).
Be intentional (意图明确的).
Being intentional means doing something on purpose with a reason in mind. With reading, you need to be intentional by setting a reading aim. Decide on a certain number of pages you want to read each day. ____3____ To make sure your daily practice gets done, spare some time and put it in your study plan!
____4____
Reading can both introduce you to new vocabulary (词汇) and teach you how to use them. Many words in English are often used together in a consistent (相互连贯的) way. Reading groups of words, or words that go together, will help you better understand how to use your new vocabulary.
Don’t try to understand everything.
As you’re practicing your reading you need to accept the fact that you might not understand every single word, and that’s OK! Your brain can’t learn so many new things at one time. It’s more important to get the big picture of what you are reading. ___5____
A. Read word groups.
B. Don’t choose a book that is too easy or too difficult.
C. You could also be intentional with planning a time to read.
D. But it’s something you’ll have to do on your language learning journey.
E. And you can go back to check the new things you don’t understand later.
Passage 7
（2023·江苏苏州）
请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
I once gave a lesson to a group of primary school students for a TV program.
I suggested that we create small gardens.
First, I asked the students to look for their favorite place in the school. ____26____ Then I had each of them describe their experiences of nature in a small garden.
In a box of about one and a half by two feet, they were free to organize—soil, stones, leaves and grass. Even as an active garden designer, I was impressed with their imagination. ____27____
One child created “water” that flowed into a “lake”; another child put grass in a way to represent “wind”; and yet another child tried hard to create shade... ____28____ That was why they took great interest when they created their small gardens. They spent a wonderful time together with nature.
____29____ If you notice a stone lying on the ground, pick it up and hold it. When you see beautiful flowers by the side of the road, stop and enjoy the pleasant smell.
Then, inside your mind, create a small garden of your own. ____30____
A. It will relax you.
B. Flowers like these are all around you.
C. The gardens were built many years ago.
D. Try spending time with nature yourself.
E. The gardens they made were really creative.
F. Once there, I let them try hard to empty their minds.
G. These children were often busy doing their schoolwork.
Passage 8
（2023·广州越秀一模）
Have you heard of the APP ChatGPT ____41____ It offers private and group chats, emojis, stickers, images, and videos, and makes conversations more interesting and attractive. The dialogue format makes it possible for ChatGPT to answer questions, admit its mistakes and refuse improper requirements. ____42____ However, an APP named GPTZero can help to prevent that.
Edward Tian is a computer science student at Princeton University. The 22-year- old created GPTZero in response to（作为回应） the widespread use of ChatGPT. According to the student, the software is able to respond quickly and correctly. In only a few seconds, it can tell you if a given text is written by AI or a human.
____43____ These texts help it to find out whether an article is the work of AI or not. To examine one article, the APP will check how familiar it is with the given article based on the texts he has seen during training. The less familiar it is, the more likely it is to be the work of a human. GPTZero then scans the article to see how different it is. A human-written article usually differs a lot. ____44____
Mr. Tian is an AI supporter. ____45____ He says that ChatGPT is useful in helping him to write computer code and solve other problems. At the same time, he adds, it is important to develop safeguards （防护措施） for new technologies.
A. After these two steps, it will give a final score.
B. GPTZero has been trained with different texts.
C. It is a free online chatbot that can perfectly write almost anything.
D. He believes that AI will surely be a great help to life and work if used properly.
E. Since its launch, it has been used by students and workers to cheat by creating written work for them.
Passage 9
（2023·天河区统考）
The winter holiday is coming. Don’t know what to do Well, here are some books for you! 41
The Cop and the Anthem by O. Henry （American）
You can read a story about Soapy, a homeless man in New York City. At first, he wants to be caught by the policeman so that he can have somewhere warm to stay instead of sleeping out in the cold winter. 42 However, when he wants to change himself and decides to be a better man, he is sent to prison.
The Million Pound Note by Mark Twain （American）
You can know the experience of a poor young man Henry Adams. 43 They make a bet（打赌）to see what will happen to Henry Adams with so much money. To their surprise, he isn’t caught by the police. Instead, he lives a happy life because of the one-million bank note.
The Diamond Necklace by Maupassant （French）
44 Her husband asks her to go to a party, so she borrows a diamond necklace（项链）from her rich friend to show off her beauty. But she loses the necklace. 45 At the end of the story, she gets to know that the necklace is actually not made of real diamond. The necklace changes her whole life.
A．It takes her ten years of hard work to pay for it.
B．Just pick one of them, and you are sure to enjoy it!
C．He gets a one-million bank note from two rich men.
D．It’s a story about a woman who is beautiful but poor.
E．He tries hard, but the police doesn’t send him to prison.
Passage 10
（2023·深圳多校联考2模）
旨大意题。通读全文可知，这篇文章主要是关于通过加入社区服务项目所能学到的东西，故选C。
请阅读下面的短文，并从下列的六个句子中选择五个还原到原文中，使原文的意思完整、连贯。
Walking in the city is very different from walking in the park. A small psychology study suggests urban environments can slow your step and possibly increase your mental load. ____26____ It can ease your mind and quicken your pace. The findings show that natural settings may potentially (潜在地) reduce cognitive (认知的) tiredness and improve reaction times straight away. ____27____
The first of the two experiments in the new study focused on people’s way of walking and cognitive load. During this trial, participants were fitted with sensors and a dozen motion control cameras were set up to watch them repeatedly walk down a 15-metre room at their natural speed. The wall opposite them showed an image of either a nature scene or a city scene. ____28____ On the whole, when walking in city settings, people reported that they felt more uncomfortable and they walked at a slower pace, indicating a higher cognitive load.
____29____ In the trial, participants were asked to distinguish (区别) between basic visual shapes on the computer while also in the presence of a natural or urban image (the same ones from the first experiment). Measuring reaction times in both natural and urban settings, the team found results to support their idea. In urban environments, participants were slower in distinguishing between simple shapes. ____30____ Our brains take longer to process. However, more research is needed to prove that idea.
A. A walk through nature does the opposite, though.
B. They said they couldn’t concentrate properly after walking.
C. After each, participants were asked to rate their discomfort.
D. The reason is that urban environments are more distracting.
E. The second dug into some higher-level cognitive processes.
F. The study includes two experiments with two different approaches.
Passage 11
（2023·湖北黄冈）
阅读下面的短文，根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入文中空白处的最佳选项。（每个选项只用一次，选项中有一项为多余选项）
Sometimes we may forget something easily. Don’t worry. If you want to have a good memory, please follow me. ____1____
My first advice is that if you want to remember something well, you have to review it regularly (有规律地). After you learn the material, you need to review it right away, then two days later, then a week later, then two weeks later, and then a month later. ____2____
My second advice is to mark the important parts of your book. This will help you in two ways. On the one hand, it will help you concentrate on (专注于) the most important parts. It is always easier to remember only the key points. ____3____ When you open your book, the colored parts will show you the most important parts at once. In this way, you needn’t read every word again.
____4___ One good time for memorizing information is in the evening. Review what you have learnt before going to bed. It will be kept in your mind deeply. The other good time is in the morning because you have just rested and your brain is fresh and clear. ___5____
Remember all the advice above, and your memory will be better and better.
A. On the other hand, this will make reviewing easier.
B. Here is some advice to help improve your memory.
C. Another piece of advice is to review at a proper time.
D. You have to read the whole book from the beginning to the end.
E. So it’s easy to memorize the important information in the morning.
F. After a month, you will find that you can remember the material easily.
Passage 12
（2023·济南一模）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Tips to stop feeling tired at school
Sleep is very important. While we are resting, our brain processes what we have done and seen all day, and our body repairs itself. Scientists have found that sleeping is necessary for our physical and mental health(身心健康). ____71____ If we don’t sleep enough, we have less energy and we lose the ability to think clearly.
____72____ It is harder to get to sleep at night if you still have lots of energy, so you should exercise daily. Try going for a walk or a run, and do some sports as often as you can.
____73____ Try not to do your homework at the last minute, don’t exercise late in the day and don’t drink anything with lots of sugar. If you find it difficult to calm down at night, take a cool shower, read or drink a glass of water slowly.
It can be hard to stick to a routine, but your body will thank you for it. Try to go to bed at the same time each night and wake up at the same time each morning. ____74____ Many of us like to relax by playing computer games, going on social media or checking for text messages. These are great ways to relax during the day. ____75____ We should not look at our phones right before bedtime.
A. Sleeping changes how we think and feel.
B. It isn’t easy to sleep when your brain is working.
C. If you don’t feel very well, you should sleep more.
D. However, the lights from screens can keep us awake.
E. A good night’s sleep starts with what you do during the day.
F. You don’t need to sleep more if you are a person with lots of energy.
G. Everything becomes regular if you sleep the same number of hours each night.
Passage 13
（2023·深圳一模）
以下是一则短文, 请阅读短文, 并从下列六个句子中选择五个还原到原文中, 使原文的意思完整、连贯。并在答题卡上将相应的字母编号涂黑。（共5 小题, 每小题1分）
There is good reason to believe that people who learn to be grateful are happier and healthier than those who don’t. Grateful people feel pleased with what they have instead of complaining about what they lack. They see each day as a new opportunity for happiness, rather than another challenge to take on. ____26____
Take a minute to be thankful for your life.
____27____ At school, step outside for a short walk to breathe the fresh air and think about how thankful you are for the chance to take a break and feel the sun. At home, the things you’re thankful for can be your morning cup of milk or the soft pillow you sleep on at night.
____28____
Life gets so busy that you often forget to tell people how much they matter (要紧) to you. Expressing your thanks to others will create an atmosphere of thankfulness that can spread out gradually. For example, if your mother packs your lunch for you, say something like “Mum, thank you for your effort to make my day less busy.”
Talk about gratitude with family.
Find the time to talk about the things you are grateful for every day. ____29____ For example, instead of saying “I’m thankful for all of you being there for me,” you could say “I’m thankful that you all help me care for the garden every weekend.”
Learning to be thankful doesn’t mean bad things won’t happen, or that you won’t be affected by the things that do happens. ____30____
A. Tell someone you appreciate (感激) them.
B. Let each family member have a turn for discussion and try to be as specific (具体的) as possible.
C. Sometimes it can be really hard to be thankful in your life.
D. Here is some advice for you to be more grateful (感激的).
E. It can simply help to make those things easier to deal with and make you feel better.
F. Sometimes a good way to feel better is to take a break and find something that you are grateful for.
Passage 14
（2023·广州天河区一模试题）
阅读短文及文后A~E选项，选出可以填入1~5各题空白处的最佳选项。
Paying for bus rides with plastic usually makes people think of plastic bus cards. But one Indonesian city has decided to accept recyclable plastic waste in place of money for city buses.
Surabaya, Indonesia’s second largest city, made this decision in April, 2018. ___1___ A two-hour bus ride costs 10 plastic cups or 5 bottles.
Indonesia is the second largest ocean plastic polluter, producing up to 2.4 million tons of plastic waste into the oceans every year. ___2___ That’s why the city made this decision. It hopes to raise public awareness about environment, especially about plastic waste.
Each city bus can collect up to 550 pounds of plastic bottles and cups every day. The collected bottles are sold to recycling companies, and the money made from it goes towards running the bus companies and providing money for green space in the city. ___3___
The decision is part of the city’s purpose—to become plastic waste-free by 2020. ___4___ The new buses are air-conditioned, comfortable and easy for elderly and disabled passengers to get on and off.
The programme is well received. People in Surabaya said, “___5___ It is a win-win situation.” This type of programme can be a model for other cities worldwide and encourage citizens to recycle their plastic waste.
A. This is certainly turning rubbish into a national treasure.
B. In Surabaya only, nearly 400 tons of plastic waste is produced every day.
C. We can reduce waste, so it doesn’t pile up at home because we can make good use of it
D. In order to encourage local people to take buses, the city also added the new Suroboyo buses.
E. Now, locals can pay for their bus rides by putting plastic cups or bottles directly on the bus.
Passage 15
（2023·深圳中学一模试题）
请阅读下面的短文，并从文后的六个选项中选择五个还原到原文中，使原文的意思完整、连贯。
It is important for each child to get enough sleep every day. So let’s learn more about that.
____1____
It usually depends on their age. Newborns (新生儿) of 0 to 3 months should sleep for about 18 hours a day. Babies of 4 to 11 months should start to sleep through the night, for 9 to 12 hours at a time. ____2___ Children of 3 to 5 years should get 11 to 13 hours a day. Children of 6 to 13 need 9 to 11 hours of sleep. Teenagers of 14 and up need 8 to 10 hours of sleep.
____3___
Set a strict nap timetable (小睡时间表). Younger children should take a short sleep during the day. Even older children can benefit (得益于) from late-afternoon naps if they don’t get enough sleep at night. ____4___
Pay attention to screen time. Remember to ask children to turn off the television and the computer an hour before they go to bed. If possible, get them out of their bedrooms since the light from the screens can make sleep a difficult job.
Get children moving. ____5____
Running around and playing sports are great, but children can move in other ways, too. They can take a dog for a walk or go to the park—just get them out of the house and get them moving.
A. Exercise during the day can help children sleep better at night.
B. Here are tips for you to get enough sleep.
C. What can parents do
D. How much sleep does a child need
E. Children of 1 to 2 years need about 11 to 14 hours a day.
F. But keep them short—30 minutes at most.
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
专题15 阅读还原
还原句子型阅读是中考题型中比较新的题型，一般有200-250个单词左右，常见题型为5选5（广州，湖北荆州等）、6选5（深圳，成都等），7选5（山东，江苏等）。这题型实际上需要学生拓宽自己思维的深度和广度，不再只是简单地从句子层面出发理解和把 控词汇含义和语法结构，从而逐步理解篇章意思，而是从更高层次的篇章层面上，立足整体，体会句子或语段前后的衔接和连贯性，进而把握篇章大意和作者写作思路及其意图。它要求考生不但要有扎实的语言功底，而且还要有较强的逻辑思维能力，要求考生能够“既见树木又见森林”，极大的增加了考生的难度。
解题技巧
在做阅读还原题的过程中，要关注段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系（主要有并列、转折、因果关系等）及在英语阅读中常见的单词复现、代词指代，关注特殊句式。如排比句等。
在做阅读还原题时，首先要看标题读选项，预测文章大意并找出选项与文章对应的关键词；然后要读文章、找逻辑，抓过渡句和主题句。注意解题时先把握容易找出的逻辑关系，再解决有困难的题；最后，在完成所有选项后，要回读文章，核查逻辑关系。
1．通读全文，了解文章大意。
2．通读答案，找出和文章相对应的关键词。
3．根据文章整体结构、具体内容，并结合关键词，将选项填入文中。
4．将所选答案代入文中，再次通读全文，重点考查逻辑关系和关联结构，研究多余选项，确定排除理由，最终确定答案。
解题方法
（一）问题设在段中
1. 盯紧横线的前后词语
根据段落一致性原则，在原文和选项中找到相关的特征词。
2．抓住过渡词，看住上下句
看与前文是否是转折或对比关系，此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折对比的关联词，同时注意选项中 所讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立，对比关系。
看与前文是否是并列或排比关系，在这种情况下，通常是该段落要求补全说明本段主题的其他细节。 因此，通常选项中会出现表示并列或递进关系的关联词或与前文类似的句式结构，或出现同义词等其 他线索。
（二）问题设在段首
1. 通常是段落的主题句
认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找相关的词，推断出主题句。
2．与后文是并列、转折或因果关系等
着重阅读后文第一二句，锁定线索信号词，然后在选项中查找相关特征词，通常正确答案的最后一句
与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的。因此这两句之间会有某种的衔接手段。
3．段落间的过渡句
这时要瞻前顾后找启示，即阅读上一段结尾部分，通常正确答案与上一段结尾有机衔接，并结合下一 段内容，看所选的答案是否将两段内容连贯起来。
（三）问题设在段尾
1．空白前的一句或两句是重点语句，重点阅读以锁定关键词。
2．通常是结论、概括性语句
注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词：Therefore, as a result, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word, all in all, in conclusion等词语。选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。
3．所选答案是引出下一段的内容的句子
如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考虑与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接，认真阅读下一 段开头几句，看是否与选项的最后一句紧密连接起来。
4. 如果第一段的段尾是空白，要认真阅读，看此处是细节还是主题通常文章第一段要提出文章的主 题，如果在段尾提出主题，会用一些信号词如转折词引出来，正确答案应有这样的特征词。
（2023·山东济南）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
We all love spending time by the sea. Some lucky ones might live on the coast and enjoy the benefits (益处) all around the year. ____1____ Most of us would say we feel healthier by the ocean. In the past, doctors would actually suggest spending time by the sea to their patients. And research has shown that people who live on the coast are more likely to believe their health is good compared to those living in a city. So how do we benefit, exactly
Well, to start with, it’s great for our mental (心理) health. Scientists have discovered that we have something called a blue mind. They have shown that watching, listening to the waves (海浪) or being in the ocean helps our brains slow down. ____2____ This is why people who have trouble sleeping are often told to listen to recordings of the sound of waves hitting the beach to help them relax at bedtime.
____3____ We go out a lot more when we’re on holiday by the sea. We often become more active on holidays and people who live on the coast are usually more active too. ____4____ Walking on sand requires more effort than on the pavement. And the sea air is good for people with breathing problems too. There is less pollution in the air near the ocean and in autumn and winter the air is fresher. This is healthier than the dry air in homes with central heating. It has even been found that the chemicals in sea water may help us have healthy skin.
____5____ We look forward so much to having our next one!
A. Breathing the air in the city makes you more active.
B. Others usually have to wait for the next vacation.
C. Being by the sea is also good for our physical health.
D. Kids especially like to have fun by the sea in summer.
E. Naturally we often feel so great at the end of a seaside holiday.
F. The sound of them can help us relax and feel free from stress.
G. And if you take your walks on the beach, this is a lot better.
【答案】1. B 2. F 3. C 4. G 5. E
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍如何从海边受益。
1.根据“Some lucky ones might live on the coast and enjoy the benefits (益处) all around the year.”可知，一些幸运的人可能住在海边，一年四季都能享受到好处。结合选项，此处是some...others...结构，选项B“其他人通常要等到下一个假期。”符合语境，故选B。
2.根据“They have shown that watching, listening to the waves (海浪) or being in the ocean helps our brains slow down.”可知，他们已经证明，观察、倾听海浪或在海洋中可以帮助我们的大脑慢下来。此处提到帮助我们慢下来的大海的声音，选项F“它们的声音可以帮助我们放松，摆脱压力。”符合语境，故选F。
3.根据“We go out a lot more when we’re on holiday by the sea. We often become more active on holidays and people who live on the coast are usually more active too.”可知，当我们在海边度假时，我们外出的次数要多得多。我们经常在假期变得更活跃，住在海边的人通常也更活跃。此处提到在海边对人们的好处，选项C“在海边对我们的身体健康也有好处。”符合语境，故选C。
4.根据“Walking on sand requires more effort than on the pavement.”可知，在沙滩上行走比在人行道上行走更费力气。此处提到在沙滩上行走，选项G“如果你在沙滩上散步，这就好多了。”符合语境，故选G。
5.根据“We look forward so much to having our next one!”可知，我们非常期待我们的下一次，因为度假的经历很棒，所以期待下一次在海边度假。选项E“在海边度假结束时，我们自然会感觉很棒。”符合语境，故选E。
Passage 1
（2023·广州）
阅读短文及文后A~E选项，选出可以填入1-5各题空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Years ago, green was simply a color. Now it’s much more! In the 1970s, some people began to worry about what we did to mother Earth. ___1___ It is a big idea that touches governments all over the world, and a small idea that touches us all in our homes.
Architects (建筑师) and building engineers are thinking about how to make buildings greener. These days, green architecture is becoming more and more popular. ____2____
We need to be very careful about the materials (材料) we use. It is better to choose renewable materials-those that the Earth replaces quickly. ____3____ Also, for those materials that are not renewable, we need to use them as little as possible. Our mother Earth has offered us many other possibilities, such as wind and solar power.
Planners must think about the needs of those who will spend time in green buildings. In many cases, green energy is more comfortable for people. ____4____ Natural lighting is often kinder to the eyes than electric lighting. In fact, many people who live or work in green buildings report feeling happier and healthier.
____5____ For example, they might try to use as little land as possible. If a building covers a large area, there will be less space for plants and trees. They also have to think about cutting down waste and pollution while the building work is going on.
Although green buildings are more expensive to build, they are less expensive to run.
A. Or we can reuse some materials.
B. As a result, green thinking was born.
C. To understand it, we have to look at three different areas.
D. For example, natural wind brings people cleaner and fresher air.
E. Architects must consider what the building will do to the environment.
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. E
【解析】本文主要介绍绿色建筑。
1.根据“It is a big idea that touches governments all over the world, and a small idea that touches us all in our homes.”可知此处介绍了一个想法，大到影响全世界的政府，小到影响我们每个人的家，结合下文可知与绿色相关。故选项B“因此，绿色思维诞生了”符合语境，故选B。
2.根据“We need to be very careful about the materials (材料) we use.”及下文可知此处介绍了绿色建筑需要考虑的事情，如使用的材料等。故选项C“为了理解它，我们不得不看到三个区域”符合语境，故选C。
3.根据“It is better to choose renewable materials-those that the Earth replaces quickly. ”可知此处介绍的是可再生的材料，接下来也应是类似的绿色材料。故选项A“或者我们可以重复使用一些材料”符合语境，故选A。
4.根据“In many cases, green energy is more comfortable for people.”可知此处介绍的是绿色能源，故选项D“例如，自然风带给人们更干净和更清新的空气”符合语境，故选D。
5.根据“For example, they might try to use as little land as possible. If a building covers a large area, there will be less space for plants and trees. They also have to think about cutting down waste and pollution while the building work is going on.”可知此处介绍的是绿色建筑对环境方面的考虑，故选项E“建筑师必须考虑建筑对环境的影响”符合语境，故选E。
Passage 2
2023·湖北黄石）
根据短文内容，选出适当的句子补全短文，使短文意思通顺，内容完整。
Imagine this: you sit down and begin to eat a tasty tomato when, suddenly, it starts to scream (尖叫)! This thing will never really happen. ___26___
Researchers did the study. They used ultrasonic microphones (超声波麦克风) to record the sounds of tomato plants in boxes.
___27___: one group wasn’t watered for five days, another group had the stems (茎) cut off and the third group was untouched. It turned out that the first two groups made sounds 30 to 50 times per hour at a frequency (频率) of 40 to 80 kilohertz, while the untouched group only made the sound once per hour. When tomatoes are not stressed at all, they are very quiet.
___28___, but they believe the noise comes from the breaking of air bubbles (气泡) in the plants. This means the noise produced by the plants is not intentional (故意的) or a form of active communication.
There is no evidence (证据) that plants can intentionally communicate. ___29___. For example, the sound can tell a moth (蛾子) that the plant is under stress and not suitable to lay eggs on. An animal that wants to eat a plant could also use the sounds to make decisions, according to Science Focus.
After the experiment, the researchers listened to other plants such as wheat (小麦) and corn, and found that they also made more sounds when stressed. ___30___, as they can better take care of the crops (庄稼) by “hearing” how plants feel.
A Three groups of plants were listened to
B. The researchers don’t know how the sounds are made
C. Researchers said the study can benefit farmers in the future
D. But animals and insects may be “listening in” to benefit from the sound
E. But a new study showed that plants can make sounds when they are stressed
【答案】26. E 27. A 28. B 29. D 30. C
【解析】本文介绍了一个研究，研究表明，植物在受到压力时会发出声音，这项研究有助于农民更好地照顾作物。
26.根据“This thing will never really happen.”以及“Researchers did the study. They used ultrasonic microphones (超声波麦克风) to record the sounds of tomato plants in boxes.”可知此处表明进行了一个研究，选项E“但一项新的研究表明，植物在受到压力时会发出声音”符合语境。故选E。
27.根据“one group wasn’t watered for five days, another group had the stems (茎) cut off and the third group was untouched”可知是有三组植物，选项A“有三组植物被倾听”符合语境。故选A。
28.根据“but they believe the noise comes from the breaking of air bubbles (气泡) in the plants”可知他们认为噪音来自植物里气泡的破裂，由此可推知转折词前表示研究人员不知道声音是如何产生的，选项B“研究人员不知道这些声音是如何发出的”符合语境。故选B。
29.根据“For example, the sound can tell a moth (蛾子) that the plant is under stress and not suitable to lay eggs on.”可知此处介绍的是声音的好处，选项D“但动物和昆虫可能正在‘倾听’以从声音中受益”符合语境。故选D。
30.根据“as they can better take care of the crops (庄稼) by ‘hearing’ how plants feel.”可知他们可以通过“倾听”植物的感受来更好地照顾作物，所以农民可以因此获益，选项C“研究人员表示，这项研究可以使农民在未来受益”符合语境。故选C。
Passage 3
（2023·山东青岛）
根据短文内容，从选项中选出能填入文中空白处的最佳选项，选项中有一项为多余选项。
Enjoy Nature with Foraging (搜寻)!
Do you enjoy walking in nature Do you like learning about trees and plants ____31____. Foraging is a lot like looking for a treasure. You look around in places like forests and lakes to find different kinds of plants that you can eat.
Foraging is a lot of fun. ____32____. Some of these plants are dangerous. Some of them are good to eat. You can spend many relaxing hours walking around in the wild, looking for good plants to eat.
____33____. It is exciting and challenging to find plants that you can eat, but do not eat them until you are very sure of what they are. Before you go foraging, take a class about it. Learn how the different kinds of plants that you can eat look in the wild. Practice finding them with your foraging teacher. Then join a group of foragers. ____34____. Never eat anything until you are 100% sure of what it is. Some people have become sick by accident because they ate a wild plant that was dangerous.
Foragers follow some important rules. They do not collect all of the plants in one area. If you take all the plants from one area, no more will grow there. ____35____, like by a road or parking lot. If the area is very dirty, the plants there will not be good to eat and may make you very sick.
A. Your answer is yes
B. You may like foraging
C. Look for wild plants together
D. Do not look for plants in areas with a lot of cars
E. While foraging is a lot of fun, you still have to be careful
F. When you walk in the forest, you can find many kinds of plants
【答案】1. B 2. F 3. E 4. C 5. D
【解析】本文主要讲在搜寻中享受大自然。
1.根据“Foraging is a lot like looking for a treasure.”可知此处提到了可能喜欢搜寻，B项“你可能喜欢搜寻”符合语境。故选B。
2.根据“Some of these plants are dangerous. Some of them are good to eat.”可知搜寻中发现了植物，F项“当你在森林里散步时，你可以发现许多种类的植物”符合语境。故选F。
3.根据“It is exciting and challenging to find plants that you can eat, but do not eat them until you are very sure of what they are.”可知要小心，不能随便吃，E项“虽然搜寻很有趣，但你还是要小心”符合语境。故选E。
4.根据“Then join a group of foragers.”可知可以加入团队一起搜寻，C项“一起寻找野生植物”符合语境。故选C。
5.根据“like by a road or parking lot”可知路边或停车场汽车多，D项“不要在有很多汽车的地区寻找植物”符合语境。故选D
Passage 4
（2023·湖北荆门）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
It is believed that a good memory comes naturally, while a bad memory cannot be changed. ____16____ Here is some advice for you.
▲ Take an interest.
____17____ This can explain the reason why schoolboys remember football results clearly but have trouble with dates from their history lessons.
▲ Repeat things in chunks（块）.
Repeating things in chunks is the best way to remember things for a short time. ____18____ The following numbers would be impossible for most of us to remember: 1492178919318483. But look at them in groups or chunks repeatedly and it becomes much easier: 149 217 8919 318 483.
▲____19____
To remember long lists, try inventing a story which includes all the things you want to remember. In experiments（实验）, people were asked to remember up to 120 words using this way. When tested later, they could remember about 90% of them. The test result was really amazing.
▲ Take physical exercise.
Physical exercise is important for your memory, because it sends more oxygen（氧气） to your brain, and that makes your memory work better. ____20____ As we know, too much pressure is very bad for the memory.
A. Invent a story.
B. Putting numbers in groups may help you remember them.
C. Remember a list.
D. Exercise also makes you less stressed.
E. Boys always do better than girls in school.
F. In fact, you can do a lot to improve your memory.
G. We all remember interesting things and always forget boring ones.
【答案】16. F 17. G 18. B 19. A 20. D
【解析】本文介绍了一些帮助记忆的好方法。
16.根据“Here is some advice for you.”可知此处是引出下文提高记忆力的建议。选项F“事实上，你可以做很多事情来提高你的记忆力。”符合语境，故选F。
17.根据“Take an interest.”可知此处是和兴趣有关。选项G“我们都记得有趣的事情，总是忘记无聊的事情。”符合语境，故选G。
18.根据“Repeating things in chunks is the best way to remember things for a short time. ”可知分块重复是短时记忆的最好方法。选项B“把数字分组可以帮助你记住它们。”符合语境，故选B。
19.根据“To remember long lists, try inventing a story which includes all the things you want to remember.”可知要记住长长的清单，试着编一个故事。选项A“编一个故事。”符合语境，故选A。
20.根据“Physical exercise is important for your memory, because it sends more oxygen（氧气） to your brain, and that makes your memory work better”可知体育锻炼对你的记忆力很重要。选项D“锻炼也能减轻你的压力。”符合语境，故选D。
Passage 5
（2023·湖北黄石）
根据短文内容，选出适当的句子补全短文，使短文意思通顺，内容完整。
Imagine this: you sit down and begin to eat a tasty tomato when, suddenly, it starts to scream (尖叫)! This thing will never really happen. ___26___
Researchers did the study. They used ultrasonic microphones (超声波麦克风) to record the sounds of tomato plants in boxes.
___27___: one group wasn’t watered for five days, another group had the stems (茎) cut off and the third group was untouched. It turned out that the first two groups made sounds 30 to 50 times per hour at a frequency (频率) of 40 to 80 kilohertz, while the untouched group only made the sound once per hour. When tomatoes are not stressed at all, they are very quiet.
___28___, but they believe the noise comes from the breaking of air bubbles (气泡) in the plants. This means the noise produced by the plants is not intentional (故意的) or a form of active communication.
There is no evidence (证据) that plants can intentionally communicate. ___29___. For example, the sound can tell a moth (蛾子) that the plant is under stress and not suitable to lay eggs on. An animal that wants to eat a plant could also use the sounds to make decisions, according to Science Focus.
After the experiment, the researchers listened to other plants such as wheat (小麦) and corn, and found that they also made more sounds when stressed. ___30___, as they can better take care of the crops (庄稼) by “hearing” how plants feel.
A Three groups of plants were listened to
B. The researchers don’t know how the sounds are made
C. Researchers said the study can benefit farmers in the future
D. But animals and insects may be “listening in” to benefit from the sound
E. But a new study showed that plants can make sounds when they are stressed
【答案】26. E 27. A 28. B 29. D 30. C
【解析】本文介绍了一个研究，研究表明，植物在受到压力时会发出声音，这项研究有助于农民更好地照顾作物。
26.根据“This thing will never really happen.”以及“Researchers did the study. They used ultrasonic microphones (超声波麦克风) to record the sounds of tomato plants in boxes.”可知此处表明进行了一个研究，选项E“但一项新的研究表明，植物在受到压力时会发出声音”符合语境。故选E。
27.根据“one group wasn’t watered for five days, another group had the stems (茎) cut off and the third group was untouched”可知是有三组植物，选项A“有三组植物被倾听”符合语境。故选A。
28.根据“but they believe the noise comes from the breaking of air bubbles (气泡) in the plants”可知他们认为噪音来自植物里气泡的破裂，由此可推知转折词前表示研究人员不知道声音是如何产生的，选项B“研究人员不知道这些声音是如何发出的”符合语境。故选B。
29.根据“For example, the sound can tell a moth (蛾子) that the plant is under stress and not suitable to lay eggs on.”可知此处介绍的是声音的好处，选项D“但动物和昆虫可能正在‘倾听’以从声音中受益”符合语境。故选D。
30.根据“as they can better take care of the crops (庄稼) by ‘hearing’ how plants feel.”可知他们可以通过“倾听”植物的感受来更好地照顾作物，所以农民可以因此获益，选项C“研究人员表示，这项研究可以使农民在未来受益”符合语境。故选C。
Passage 6
(2023·湖南长沙）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。每个选项仅使用一次。
How to Improve Your Reading
Learning how to read well in English might not be an easy task. ____1___ Reading well in English is useful for many reasons, not only for taking tests. If you want to improve your reading in English, the following are just for you!
Choose right reading materials (材料).
There are so many choices! There are textbooks and graded readers, but there are also a lot more books you can read. ____2____ Here is a good rule to follow: choose reading materials where you understand at least 80% of the content (内容).
Be intentional (意图明确的).
Being intentional means doing something on purpose with a reason in mind. With reading, you need to be intentional by setting a reading aim. Decide on a certain number of pages you want to read each day. ____3____ To make sure your daily practice gets done, spare some time and put it in your study plan!
____4____
Reading can both introduce you to new vocabulary (词汇) and teach you how to use them. Many words in English are often used together in a consistent (相互连贯的) way. Reading groups of words, or words that go together, will help you better understand how to use your new vocabulary.
Don’t try to understand everything.
As you’re practicing your reading you need to accept the fact that you might not understand every single word, and that’s OK! Your brain can’t learn so many new things at one time. It’s more important to get the big picture of what you are reading. ___5____
A. Read word groups.
B. Don’t choose a book that is too easy or too difficult.
C. You could also be intentional with planning a time to read.
D. But it’s something you’ll have to do on your language learning journey.
E. And you can go back to check the new things you don’t understand later.
【答案】1. D 2 B 3 C 4. A 5. E
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍如何提高你的阅读。
1.根据“Learning how to read well in English might not be an easy task.”可知，学习如何用英语阅读可能不是一件容易的事，但确是必做的事。选项D“但这是你在学习语言的过程中必须要做的。”符合语境，故选D。
2.根据“Choose right reading materials.”和“choose reading materials where you understand at least 80% of the content”可知，本段就选择正确的阅读材料给出建议，建议选择至少理解80%内容的阅读材料，选项B“不要选择太容易或太难的书。”符合语境，故选B。
3.根据“Decide on a certain number of pages you want to read each day.”可知，确定你每天要读的页数，此处与计划相关，选项C“你也可以有意识地计划一个阅读时间。”符合语境，故选C。
4.根据“Reading can both introduce you to new vocabulary and teach you how to use them.”可知，阅读既可以向你介绍新词汇，也可以教你如何使用它们。本段与新词汇相关，选项A“阅读词组。”符合语境，故选A。
5.根据“As you’re practicing your reading, you need to accept the fact that you might not understand every single word, and that’s OK!”可知，当你在练习阅读时，你需要接受你可能不理解每个单词的事实，这没关系！可以读完再回头检查不理解的部分，选项E“你可以回头检查你不理解的新东西。”符合语境，故选E。
Passage 7
（2023·江苏苏州）
请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
I once gave a lesson to a group of primary school students for a TV program.
I suggested that we create small gardens.
First, I asked the students to look for their favorite place in the school. ____26____ Then I had each of them describe their experiences of nature in a small garden.
In a box of about one and a half by two feet, they were free to organize—soil, stones, leaves and grass. Even as an active garden designer, I was impressed with their imagination. ____27____
One child created “water” that flowed into a “lake”; another child put grass in a way to represent “wind”; and yet another child tried hard to create shade... ____28____ That was why they took great interest when they created their small gardens. They spent a wonderful time together with nature.
____29____ If you notice a stone lying on the ground, pick it up and hold it. When you see beautiful flowers by the side of the road, stop and enjoy the pleasant smell.
Then, inside your mind, create a small garden of your own. ____30____
A. It will relax you.
B. Flowers like these are all around you.
C. The gardens were built many years ago.
D. Try spending time with nature yourself.
E. The gardens they made were really creative.
F. Once there, I let them try hard to empty their minds.
G. These children were often busy doing their schoolwork.
【答案】26. F 27. E 28. G 29. D 30. A
【解析】本文讲述了作者曾经给一群小学生上课，让他们创建小花园，借此希望大家都可以去亲近大自然，放松自己。
26.根据“First, I asked the students to look for their favorite place in the school...Then I had each of them describe their experiences of nature in a small garden.”可知此处是作者让学生们做的事情，选项F“一到那里，我就让他们努力清空他们的大脑。”符合语境，故选F。
27.根据“Even as an active garden designer, I was impressed with their imagination.”可知学生们创造的小花园给作者留下了很深的印象，选项E“他们做的花园真的很有创意。”符合语境，故选E。
28.根据“That was why they took great interest when they created their small gardens. They spent a wonderful time together with nature.”可知应该介绍孩子们在创建自己的小花园时产生了极大的兴趣的原因，选项G“这些孩子经常忙着做功课。”符合语境，故选G。
29.根据“If you notice a stone lying on the ground, pick it up and hold it. When you see beautiful flowers by the side of the road, stop and enjoy the pleasant smell.”（如果你注意到地上有一块石头，就把它捡起来拿起来。当你在路边看到美丽的花朵时，停下来享受宜人的气味。）可知此处作者建议大家要亲近自然，选项D“试着自己花点时间亲近大自然。”符合语境，故选D。
30.根据“Then, inside your mind, create a small garden of your own.”可知此处应介绍在自己的脑海里，创造一个属于自己的小花园的好处，选项“它会让你放松。”符合语境，故选A。
Passage 8
（2023·广州越秀一模）
Have you heard of the APP ChatGPT ____41____ It offers private and group chats, emojis, stickers, images, and videos, and makes conversations more interesting and attractive. The dialogue format makes it possible for ChatGPT to answer questions, admit its mistakes and refuse improper requirements. ____42____ However, an APP named GPTZero can help to prevent that.
Edward Tian is a computer science student at Princeton University. The 22-year- old created GPTZero in response to（作为回应） the widespread use of ChatGPT. According to the student, the software is able to respond quickly and correctly. In only a few seconds, it can tell you if a given text is written by AI or a human.
____43____ These texts help it to find out whether an article is the work of AI or not. To examine one article, the APP will check how familiar it is with the given article based on the texts he has seen during training. The less familiar it is, the more likely it is to be the work of a human. GPTZero then scans the article to see how different it is. A human-written article usually differs a lot. ____44____
Mr. Tian is an AI supporter. ____45____ He says that ChatGPT is useful in helping him to write computer code and solve other problems. At the same time, he adds, it is important to develop safeguards （防护措施） for new technologies.
A. After these two steps, it will give a final score.
B. GPTZero has been trained with different texts.
C. It is a free online chatbot that can perfectly write almost anything.
D. He believes that AI will surely be a great help to life and work if used properly.
E. Since its launch, it has been used by students and workers to cheat by creating written work for them.
【答案】41. C 42. E 43. B 44. A 45. D
【解析】本文主要介绍了人工智能ChatGPT的好处以及弊端，以及GPTZero是如何运作的。
41.根据“Have you heard of the APP ChatGPT”可知，此处应介绍ChatGPT是什么，C选项“它是一个免费的在线聊天机器人，几乎可以完美地写任何东西”符合，故选C。
42.根据“The dialogue format makes it possible for ChatGPT to answer questions, admit its mistakes and refuse improper requirements”可知，此处应介绍有哪些不适当的请求，E选项“自推出以来，它一直被学生和工人用来通过为他们创作书面作业来作弊”符合，故选E。
43.根据“These texts help it to find out whether an article is the work of AI or not”可知，此处提到了text，B选项“GPTZero已经接受过不同文本的训练”符合，故选B。
44.根据“ To examine one article…GPTZero then scans the article to see how different it is”可知，经过这些步骤之后，GPTZero会做出判断，A选项“在这两步之后，它将给出一个最终的分数”符合，故选A。
45.根据“He says that ChatGPT is useful in helping him to write computer code and solve other problems”可知，此处是他对这项人工智能的判断和评价，D选项“他认为，如果使用得当，人工智能肯定会对生活和工作有很大的帮助”符合，故选D。
Passage 9
（2023·天河区统考）
The winter holiday is coming. Don’t know what to do Well, here are some books for you! 41
The Cop and the Anthem by O. Henry （American）
You can read a story about Soapy, a homeless man in New York City. At first, he wants to be caught by the policeman so that he can have somewhere warm to stay instead of sleeping out in the cold winter. 42 However, when he wants to change himself and decides to be a better man, he is sent to prison.
The Million Pound Note by Mark Twain （American）
You can know the experience of a poor young man Henry Adams. 43 They make a bet（打赌）to see what will happen to Henry Adams with so much money. To their surprise, he isn’t caught by the police. Instead, he lives a happy life because of the one-million bank note.
The Diamond Necklace by Maupassant （French）
44 Her husband asks her to go to a party, so she borrows a diamond necklace（项链）from her rich friend to show off her beauty. But she loses the necklace. 45 At the end of the story, she gets to know that the necklace is actually not made of real diamond. The necklace changes her whole life.
A．It takes her ten years of hard work to pay for it.
B．Just pick one of them, and you are sure to enjoy it!
C．He gets a one-million bank note from two rich men.
D．It’s a story about a woman who is beautiful but poor.
E．He tries hard, but the police doesn’t send him to prison.
【答案】41．B 42．E 43．C 44．D 45．A
【解析】本文主要介绍了寒假要读的三本书，以及作者和故事梗概。
41．根据“Don’t know what to do Well, here are some books for you!”及下文的内容可知，介绍了寒假要读的三本书，所以此处应是承上启下的一句话，B选项“随便挑一个，你一定会喜欢的”符合，故选B。
42．根据“At first, he wants to be caught by the policeman so that he can have somewhere warm to stay instead of sleeping out in the cold winter.”以及“However, when he wants to change himself and decides to be a better man, he is sent to prison.”可知，起初想被警察抓到监狱里，但是没有成功，反而最后想成为一名好人时被送进了监狱，E选项“他很努力，但警察没有把他送进监狱”符合，故选E。
43．根据“so much money”可知，此处应提到他得到了一笔财富，C选项“他从两个富人那里得到一张一百万美元的钞票”符合，故选C。
44．根据“Her husband asks her to go to a party”可知，故事开头应提到一个女人，D选项“这是一个关于一个美丽但贫穷的女人的故事”符合，故选D。
45．根据“But she loses the necklace.”可知，弄丢了项链，所以要赚钱赔付这个项链，A选项“她辛苦工作了十年才付得起这笔钱”符合，故选A。
Passage 10
（2023·深圳多校联考2模）
旨大意题。通读全文可知，这篇文章主要是关于通过加入社区服务项目所能学到的东西，故选C。
请阅读下面的短文，并从下列的六个句子中选择五个还原到原文中，使原文的意思完整、连贯。
Walking in the city is very different from walking in the park. A small psychology study suggests urban environments can slow your step and possibly increase your mental load. ____26____ It can ease your mind and quicken your pace. The findings show that natural settings may potentially (潜在地) reduce cognitive (认知的) tiredness and improve reaction times straight away. ____27____
The first of the two experiments in the new study focused on people’s way of walking and cognitive load. During this trial, participants were fitted with sensors and a dozen motion control cameras were set up to watch them repeatedly walk down a 15-metre room at their natural speed. The wall opposite them showed an image of either a nature scene or a city scene. ____28____ On the whole, when walking in city settings, people reported that they felt more uncomfortable and they walked at a slower pace, indicating a higher cognitive load.
____29____ In the trial, participants were asked to distinguish (区别) between basic visual shapes on the computer while also in the presence of a natural or urban image (the same ones from the first experiment). Measuring reaction times in both natural and urban settings, the team found results to support their idea. In urban environments, participants were slower in distinguishing between simple shapes. ____30____ Our brains take longer to process. However, more research is needed to prove that idea.
A. A walk through nature does the opposite, though.
B. They said they couldn’t concentrate properly after walking.
C. After each, participants were asked to rate their discomfort.
D. The reason is that urban environments are more distracting.
E. The second dug into some higher-level cognitive processes.
F. The study includes two experiments with two different approaches.
【答案】26. A 27. F 28. C 29. E 30. D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。一项心理学研究表明，城市环境会放慢你的脚步，并可能增加你的精神负荷，文章详细说明了研究开展的过程以及研究发现。
26.根据上文“A small psychology study suggests urban environments can slow your step and possibly increase your mental load.”一项小型心理学研究表明，城市环境会放慢你的脚步，并可能增加你的精神负荷，以及后文“It can ease your mind and quicken your pace.”可以放松你的心灵，加快你的步伐。可知，本句与上文构成转折，指出在自然环境中散步不会像在城市环境里散步那样，增加精神负荷。A 选项“然而，在大自然中漫步却会产生相反的效果”符合语境，故选 A 。
27.根据下一段中“The first of the two experiments in the new study focused on people’s way of walking and cognitive load.”这项新研究的两个实验中的第一个集中在人们的走路方式和认知负荷上，可知下一段说明了实验的开展过程，且提到了是两个实验中的一个，推测本句起到引出下文的作用，旨在指出实验采用了不同的方法。F选项“该研究包括使用两种不同方法的两个实验。”符合语境，故选F。
28.根据上文“During this trial... a nature scene or a city scene. ”上文说明了参与者被要求观看一幅自然景色或城市景色的图像，可知本句是在说明观看图像之后的实验过程，C选项“每一次之后，参与者被要求评估他的不舒服程度”符合语境，故选C。
29.根据后文“In the trial, participants were asked to distinguish (区别) between basic visual shapes on the computer while also in the presence of a natural or urban image (the same ones from the first experiment). ”可知，后文提到这一实验也要求和第一个实验一样观看自然图像或城市图像，不同的是参与者被要求区分电脑上的基本视觉形状，可知本段是在说明第二项研究的关注点：更高层次的认知过程，E 选项“第二项研究深入到一些更高层次的认知过程”符合语境，故选E。
30.根据上文“In urban environments, participants were slower in distinguishing between simple shapes.”以及后文“Our brains take longer to process.”可知，上文提到参与者在城市环境中，辨别简单形状的速度较慢，可知本句是在说明产生这一情况的原因：城市环境更容易让人分心。D 选项“原因是城市环境更容易让人分心”符合语境，故选D。
Passage 11
（2023·湖北黄冈）
阅读下面的短文，根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入文中空白处的最佳选项。（每个选项只用一次，选项中有一项为多余选项）
Sometimes we may forget something easily. Don’t worry. If you want to have a good memory, please follow me. ____1____
My first advice is that if you want to remember something well, you have to review it regularly (有规律地). After you learn the material, you need to review it right away, then two days later, then a week later, then two weeks later, and then a month later. ____2____
My second advice is to mark the important parts of your book. This will help you in two ways. On the one hand, it will help you concentrate on (专注于) the most important parts. It is always easier to remember only the key points. ____3____ When you open your book, the colored parts will show you the most important parts at once. In this way, you needn’t read every word again.
____4___ One good time for memorizing information is in the evening. Review what you have learnt before going to bed. It will be kept in your mind deeply. The other good time is in the morning because you have just rested and your brain is fresh and clear. ___5____
Remember all the advice above, and your memory will be better and better.
A. On the other hand, this will make reviewing easier.
B. Here is some advice to help improve your memory.
C. Another piece of advice is to review at a proper time.
D. You have to read the whole book from the beginning to the end.
E. So it’s easy to memorize the important information in the morning.
F. After a month, you will find that you can remember the material easily.
【答案】1. B 2. F 3. A 4. C 5. E
【解析】本文主要介绍了几个可以帮助提高记忆力的建议。
1.根据“If you want to have a good memory, please follow me. ”以及“My first advice...”“My second advice is to...”可知下文主要介绍了几个提高记忆力的建议，选项B“这里有一些建议可以帮助你提高记忆力”符合语境。故选B。
2.根据“After you learn the material, you need to review it right away, then two days later, then a week later, then two weeks later, and then a month later.”可知在一个月复习之后，会记住这些东西，选项F“一个月后，你会发现你很容易记住材料”符合语境。故选F。
3.根据“On the one hand, it will help you concentrate on (专注于) the most important parts. It is always easier to remember only the key points”可知此处说明做标记的另一个好处，选项A“另一方面，这将使复习更容易”符合语境。故选A。
4.根据“One good time for memorizing information is in the evening”可知本段介绍的建议和复习时间有关，选项C“另一个建议是在适当的时候复习”符合语境。故选C。
5.根据“The other good time is in the morning because you have just rested and your brain is fresh and clear”可知早上的时候，大脑非常清晰，所以早上也是记忆的好时间，选项E“所以早上很容易记住重要的信息”符合语境。故选E。
Passage 12
（2023·济南一模）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Tips to stop feeling tired at school
Sleep is very important. While we are resting, our brain processes what we have done and seen all day, and our body repairs itself. Scientists have found that sleeping is necessary for our physical and mental health(身心健康). ____71____ If we don’t sleep enough, we have less energy and we lose the ability to think clearly.
____72____ It is harder to get to sleep at night if you still have lots of energy, so you should exercise daily. Try going for a walk or a run, and do some sports as often as you can.
____73____ Try not to do your homework at the last minute, don’t exercise late in the day and don’t drink anything with lots of sugar. If you find it difficult to calm down at night, take a cool shower, read or drink a glass of water slowly.
It can be hard to stick to a routine, but your body will thank you for it. Try to go to bed at the same time each night and wake up at the same time each morning. ____74____ Many of us like to relax by playing computer games, going on social media or checking for text messages. These are great ways to relax during the day. ____75____ We should not look at our phones right before bedtime.
A. Sleeping changes how we think and feel.
B. It isn’t easy to sleep when your brain is working.
C. If you don’t feel very well, you should sleep more.
D. However, the lights from screens can keep us awake.
E. A good night’s sleep starts with what you do during the day.
F. You don’t need to sleep more if you are a person with lots of energy.
G. Everything becomes regular if you sleep the same number of hours each night.
【答案】71. A 72. E 73. B 74. G 75. D
【解析】本文主要讲述了睡眠可以防止在学校感到疲劳，以及如何才能拥有好的睡眠。
71.根据“Scientists have found that sleeping is necessary for our physical and mental health(身心健康)”可知，空处应是介绍睡眠充足的好处，A项“睡眠会改变我们的思维和感觉”符合语境，故选A。
72.根据“It is harder to get to sleep at night if you still have lots of energy, so you should exercise daily. ”可知，这里说的是晚上的睡眠和白天的活动情况有关，E项“一个好的睡眠从你白天做的事情开始”符合语境，故选E。
73.根据“Try not to do your homework at the last minute, don’t exercise late in the day and don’t drink anything with lots of sugar. If you find it difficult to calm down at night, take a cool shower, read or drink a glass of water slowly.”可知，本段讲的是晚上应该让大脑平静下来，B项“当你的大脑在工作时，入睡并不容易”符合语境，故选B。
74.根据“It can be hard to stick to a routine, but your body will thank you for it. Try to go to bed at the same time each night and wake up at the same time each morning”可知，此处讲的是睡眠的规律性，G项“如果你每晚的睡眠时间相同，一切都变得规律起来”符合语境，故选G。
75.根据“Many of us like to relax by playing computer games, going on social media or checking for text messages.”和“We should not look at our phones right before bedtime.”可知，空处应是说睡前不看手机的原因，D项“然而，屏幕上的灯光会让我们保持清醒。”符合语境，故选D。
Passage 13
（2023·深圳一模）
以下是一则短文, 请阅读短文, 并从下列六个句子中选择五个还原到原文中, 使原文的意思完整、连贯。并在答题卡上将相应的字母编号涂黑。（共5 小题, 每小题1分）
There is good reason to believe that people who learn to be grateful are happier and healthier than those who don’t. Grateful people feel pleased with what they have instead of complaining about what they lack. They see each day as a new opportunity for happiness, rather than another challenge to take on. ____26____
Take a minute to be thankful for your life.
____27____ At school, step outside for a short walk to breathe the fresh air and think about how thankful you are for the chance to take a break and feel the sun. At home, the things you’re thankful for can be your morning cup of milk or the soft pillow you sleep on at night.
____28____
Life gets so busy that you often forget to tell people how much they matter (要紧) to you. Expressing your thanks to others will create an atmosphere of thankfulness that can spread out gradually. For example, if your mother packs your lunch for you, say something like “Mum, thank you for your effort to make my day less busy.”
Talk about gratitude with family.
Find the time to talk about the things you are grateful for every day. ____29____ For example, instead of saying “I’m thankful for all of you being there for me,” you could say “I’m thankful that you all help me care for the garden every weekend.”
Learning to be thankful doesn’t mean bad things won’t happen, or that you won’t be affected by the things that do happens. ____30____
A. Tell someone you appreciate (感激) them.
B. Let each family member have a turn for discussion and try to be as specific (具体的) as possible.
C. Sometimes it can be really hard to be thankful in your life.
D. Here is some advice for you to be more grateful (感激的).
E. It can simply help to make those things easier to deal with and make you feel better.
F. Sometimes a good way to feel better is to take a break and find something that you are grateful for.
【答案】26. D 27. F 28. A 29. B 30. E
【解析】本文主要介绍了一些学会感恩的建议。
26.根据空后的“They see each day as a new opportunity for happiness, rather than another challenge to take on”和后文的内容可知，空缺处应该说的是建议，选项D“这里有一些让你学会感恩的建议”最符合语境，故选D。
27.根据空后的“At school, step outside for a short walk to breathe the fresh air and think about how thankful you are for the chance to take a break and feel the sun”可知，空缺处应该填的是和休息相关的内容，选项F“有时让自己感觉更好的一个好方法是休息一下”最符合语境，故选F。
28.根据空后的“Life gets so busy that you often forget to tell people how much they matter (要紧) to you”可知，空缺处应该填的是和感激别人相关的内容，选项A“告诉别人你感激他们”最符合语境，故选A。
29.根据“Talk about gratitude with family”可知，空缺处应该填的是和家人讨论相关的内容，选项B“让每个家庭成员轮流讨论，并尽量具体”最符合语境，故选B。
30.根据空前的“Learning to be thankful doesn’t mean bad things won’t happen, or that you won’t be affected by the things that do happens”可知，空缺处应该填的是学会感恩的好处，选项E“它可以帮助你更容易地处理这些事情，让你感觉更好”最符合语境，故选E。
Passage 14
（2023·广州天河区一模试题）
阅读短文及文后A~E选项，选出可以填入1~5各题空白处的最佳选项。
Paying for bus rides with plastic usually makes people think of plastic bus cards. But one Indonesian city has decided to accept recyclable plastic waste in place of money for city buses.
Surabaya, Indonesia’s second largest city, made this decision in April, 2018. ___1___ A two-hour bus ride costs 10 plastic cups or 5 bottles.
Indonesia is the second largest ocean plastic polluter, producing up to 2.4 million tons of plastic waste into the oceans every year. ___2___ That’s why the city made this decision. It hopes to raise public awareness about environment, especially about plastic waste.
Each city bus can collect up to 550 pounds of plastic bottles and cups every day. The collected bottles are sold to recycling companies, and the money made from it goes towards running the bus companies and providing money for green space in the city. ___3___
The decision is part of the city’s purpose—to become plastic waste-free by 2020. ___4___ The new buses are air-conditioned, comfortable and easy for elderly and disabled passengers to get on and off.
The programme is well received. People in Surabaya said, “___5___ It is a win-win situation.” This type of programme can be a model for other cities worldwide and encourage citizens to recycle their plastic waste.
A. This is certainly turning rubbish into a national treasure.
B. In Surabaya only, nearly 400 tons of plastic waste is produced every day.
C. We can reduce waste, so it doesn’t pile up at home because we can make good use of it
D. In order to encourage local people to take buses, the city also added the new Suroboyo buses.
E. Now, locals can pay for their bus rides by putting plastic cups or bottles directly on the bus.
【答案】1. E 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. C
【解析】本文主要介绍了印尼的第二大城市Surabaya采用可回收的塑料支付公交车的费用，这个举措提高了公众的环境意识，尤其使人们对塑料垃圾的认识。
1.根据“A two-hour bus ride costs 10 plastic cups or 5 bottles.”乘坐两个小时的公交车需要10个塑料杯或5个瓶子。可知此处说的应是人们可以用塑料支付公交车的费用。选项E“现在，当地人可以直接在公交车上放塑料杯或塑料瓶来支付乘坐公交车的费用”，符合语境。故选E。
2.根据“Indonesia is the second largest ocean plastic polluter, producing up to 2.4 million tons of plastic waste into the oceans every year.”印度尼西亚是第二大海洋塑料污染国，每年向海洋产生多达240万吨塑料垃圾，以及“That’s why the city made this decision.”这就是该市做出这一决定的原因。可知此处应该说的是这个城市塑料污染的情况。选项B“仅在Surabaya，每天就产生近400吨塑料垃圾”，符合语境，故选B。
3.根据“The collected bottles are sold to recycling companies, and the money made from it goes towards running the bus companies and providing money for green space in the city.”收集到的瓶子被卖给回收公司，从中赚的钱用于运营公交公司和为城市绿地提供资金。可知此处说的应是这项决定的好处。选项A“这无疑是在把垃圾变成国家财富”，符合语境。故选A。
4.根据“The new buses are air-conditioned, comfortable and easy for elderly and disabled passengers to get on and off.”新巴士装有空调，舒适，方便老年人和残疾乘客上下车。可知此处应该说的是新的公交车。选项D“为了鼓励当地人乘坐公交车，该市还增加了新的Suroboyo公交车”，符合语境。故选D。
5.根据“This type of programme can be a model for other cities worldwide and encourage citizens to recycle their plastic waste.”这类计划可以成为世界其他城市的典范，鼓励市民回收塑料垃圾。可知此处说的应是塑料垃圾的回收利用。选项C“我们可以减少浪费，这样它就不会堆积在家里，因为我们可以很好地利用它”，符合语境。故选C。
Passage 15
（2023·深圳中学一模试题）
请阅读下面的短文，并从文后的六个选项中选择五个还原到原文中，使原文的意思完整、连贯。
It is important for each child to get enough sleep every day. So let’s learn more about that.
____1____
It usually depends on their age. Newborns (新生儿) of 0 to 3 months should sleep for about 18 hours a day. Babies of 4 to 11 months should start to sleep through the night, for 9 to 12 hours at a time. ____2___ Children of 3 to 5 years should get 11 to 13 hours a day. Children of 6 to 13 need 9 to 11 hours of sleep. Teenagers of 14 and up need 8 to 10 hours of sleep.
____3___
Set a strict nap timetable (小睡时间表). Younger children should take a short sleep during the day. Even older children can benefit (得益于) from late-afternoon naps if they don’t get enough sleep at night. ____4___
Pay attention to screen time. Remember to ask children to turn off the television and the computer an hour before they go to bed. If possible, get them out of their bedrooms since the light from the screens can make sleep a difficult job.
Get children moving. ____5____
Running around and playing sports are great, but children can move in other ways, too. They can take a dog for a walk or go to the park—just get them out of the house and get them moving.
A. Exercise during the day can help children sleep better at night.
B. Here are tips for you to get enough sleep.
C. What can parents do
D. How much sleep does a child need
E. Children of 1 to 2 years need about 11 to 14 hours a day.
F. But keep them short—30 minutes at most.
【答案】1. D 2. E 3. C 4. F 5. A
【解析】本文讲述每天足够的睡眠对孩子是重要的，不同年龄段的孩子需要的睡眠时间长短不一样，并介绍了怎么让孩子有一个好的睡眠的方法。
1.根据“It usually depends on their age. Newborns (新生儿) of 0 to 3 months should sleep for about 18 hours a day”可知此处是介绍一个孩子需要的睡眠时间，选项D“一个孩子需要多少睡眠？”符合语境，故选D。
2.根据“Babies of 4 to 11 months should start to sleep through the night, for 9 to 12 hours at a time...Children of 3 to 5 years should get 11 to 13 hours a day.”可知此处是介绍不同年龄段的孩子需要的睡眠时间，选项E“1到2岁的孩子每天需要11到14个小时。”符合语境，故选E。
3.根据“Set a strict nap timetable (小睡时间表). Younger children should take a short sleep during the day. ”可知此处是建议父母为孩子做的事情，选项C“父母该怎么办呢？”符合语境，故选C。
4.根据“Even older children can benefit (得益于) from late-afternoon naps if they don’t get enough sleep at night.”可知即使是年龄较大的孩子，如果晚上睡眠不足，也可以从下午晚些时候的小睡中受益。选项F“但是不要超过30分钟。”符合语境，故选F。
5.根据“Get children moving”以及“Running around and playing sports are great, but children can move in other ways, too”可知此处讲述的是孩子的锻炼，选项A“白天锻炼可以帮助孩子们在晚上睡得更好。”符合语境，故选A。
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