中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
阅读理解专项提升
解题步骤
1.先读问题，弄清考查要点，以便能带着问题看文章，这样会心中有数。 在读题的时候划出题目的关键词。
2.快速浏览全文，掌握全貌，注意发现与问题有关的信息
3.细读原文，捕捉相关信息词，掌握短文细节内容，应特别注意以下2点：
（1）抓住四个"W"和一个"H"，边读边用铅笔做些标记，把 What (事件)，When（时间），Where（地点），Why（原因），How（经过）划出来。抓住了四个“W”和一个 “H”，就抓住了文章的全貌，一些直接性的问题便可解决。
（2）抓住连接词及起关键作用的副词、代词、介词、插入语等。因为这些词具有因果，让步，递进，转折，指代，列举及承上启下等各种连接上下文的特殊功能。这对考生分清文章层次，辨明各种关系，了解人物心理，推断作者意图，进行逻辑推理等手段来分析难点，都具有举足轻重的作用。
二、常用的解题方法
① 直接解题法。即从原文中直接找出答案。
② 归纳解题法。对于不能从原文中直接找出答案的可在把握全文中心和线索的前题下进行概括、归纳得出正确答案。
③ 综合推理法。读者需统观全文，认真分析，综合推理及至计算，最后归纳出正确答案。
题干中有"suggest, conclude, conclusion, probably, reason, because, according to“等字眼时，属于推断概括型，考查内容着眼于全篇，考生应具备一定的分析归纳，推理等逻辑思维能力。
④ 捕捉关键词。在阅读时应该注意与问题相关的同义词，近义词，反义词或同位词等信息词来得出正确答案。
⑤ 同意转换法。即原文这么说，而在问题和所选项中则用另外的词去转换一种说法，但仍表示同一含义。
⑥ 排除法。根据语言，句法结构，信息词和常识，在没有把握的选项中用排除法得出正确答案。
（一）主旨题
此类题型用以考查学生对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。其中一类题型为主旨问题。
1、主旨大意题题干常见的问句形式
1）主旨句设问类型 What is the main idea of this passage What does the passage mainly talk about We can conclude / learn from the passage that ..
2）最佳标题选择类型 The best title for this passage is ……
3）作者主旨意图类型 What does the writer want to tell us Which can express the purpose of the writer according to the passage
2、主旨大意题的解题方法
主旨大意题一定要注意文章的首尾两段。如果首尾两段的主旨表达是一致的，那么文章的主旨便是两段重复表明的语句内容表达。找出选项中与归纳的主旨表达重复最多的选项即为最佳答案。如果首尾两段的主旨表达不一致，则需要观察文章的段落篇幅量是倾向于首段或是尾段，从而确定主旨段落。如果文章只有一段，则注意文章的首两句及尾句，然后用以上的方法确定主旨句。
此外，标题选择即为主旨句的压缩表达，注意抓住主旨句进行主要词汇的提炼，把一个句子提炼为几个关键词，即是对主旨大意进行概括归纳的标题。而作者意图表达必须通过归纳中心主题才能找到，通常体现为 advise , convince , present , purpose , warn 等。
（二）细节题
1、细节事实题题干常见的问句形式
1) True or NOT true 是非判断类型: Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage Which of the following statements is NOT true Which of the following is NOT considered as .. According to the passage , which of the following is NOT mentioned as one of the reasons for .....
2）特殊疑问词提问类型
How many .... What / who / when / where / how / why ...
3）排序题类型 Which of the orders is correct according to the passage
4）例证题类型 The author gives the example in ..…. paragraph in order to ......
5）表唯一细节概念题类型：… the most /~ est ..... the only ...
2、细节事实题的解题方法：
做这类题的一般方法是先要找出题干或是选项中的关键字，一般为数字、大写或人名地名，再通过快速确定该细节在文中的出处（信息源），仔细对照题干要求，排除或选择。命题者在出这类题时惯用"偷梁换柱、张冠李戴"的手法来迷惑考生，即对原句细微处做改动，截取原文词语或结构进行改造，因果倒置，把 A 的观点说成 B 的观点等。所以正确理解题干和信息句的意义是关键。细节事实题还要十分注意句子的非主干成分，如定语、状语、补语等，这些成分都是出题者常进行误导的落脚点。
例证题一定要注意以 for example ..., such as ……等关键入手处，找出细节出处。排序题要先仔细观察选项，找出首尾相同的选项分组，进而通过具体细节信息比较进行排除和选择。唯一细节题一定要仔细审题，弄清题干所需。特别需要提醒的是，选项中出现有 most （最高级）、 the only （唯一）、 all （所有）、 none （全否）修饰的细节，都具有绝对性，选择判断时要慎选。
（三）推断题
此类题的关键是要注意原文出现的语句不是我们做出的推理判断，而是原文给出的细节信息，所以原文语句不能选。判断时对已知的事实仔细评价后做出的合理决定并非唯一决定，要对事实进行合乎情理的判断，有时还需借助常识进行判断。
推理判断题分两种，即对细节的推理和对主旨的推理。主要以 We can infer / imply / learn from this passage that ……等进行提问。解决此类题要注意，一是与原文相同的细节不能选，二是文中没有出现的细节不能跳出文章做推断。解题过程中只要注意上述两点，再结合做细节和主旨的方法，即可以做出推理判断题。
（四）猜测词义题
一般情况下，推断词义的题目中所出现的单词，大多数是学生未曾见过的生词，学生需要在该词出现的上下文中去寻找线索，通过阅读上下文，断定该词的真正含义，然后将这个释义代入文中，检查是否贴切，仔细比较直到得出该词的确切的含义。
1．通过因果关系猜词
通过因果关系猜词，首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系，然后才能猜词。有时文章借助关联词（如 because , as , since , for , so , thus , as a result , of course , therefore 等等）表示前因后果。例如：
You shouldn’t have blamed him for that , for it wasn’t his fault .句子所表示的原因（那不是他的错），可猜出 blame 的词义是"责备"。
2．通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词
通过同义词猜词，一是要看由 and 或 or 连接的同义词词组，如 happy and glad ，即使我们不认识 glad这个词，也可以知道它是愉快的意思；二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词，如 Man has known something about the planets Venus , Mars , and Jupiter with the help of spaceships ．此句中的 Venus （金星）、 Mars （火星）、 Jupiter （木星）均为生词，但只要知道 planets 就可猜出这几个词都属于"行星"这一义域。通过反义词猜词，一是看表转折关系的连词或副词，如 but , while , however 等；二是看与 not 搭配的或表示否定意义的词语，如： He is so homely , not at all as handsome as his brother ．根据 not at all ... handsome 我们不难推测出 homely 的意思，即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。
3．通过构词法猜词
在阅读文章时，我们总会遇上一些新词汇，有时很难根据上下文来推断其词意，而它们对文章的理解又有着举足轻重的作用，此时，如掌握了一些常用的词根、前缀、后缀等语法知识，这些问题便不难解决了。
4．通过描述猜词
描述即作者为帮助读者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而对该人或该物作出的外在相貌或内在特征的描写。例如： The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole . It is fat and walks in a funny way . Although it cannot fly , it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish ．从例句的描述中可以得知 penguin 是一种生活在南极的鸟类。后面更详尽地描述了该鸟类的生活习性。
习题专练一【2022-2023学年四川省泸州市江阳区八年级（上）期末英语试卷】
A
How are you？I'm Linda.My English teacher told me about you.I asked her for your email address（地址）.I hope we can become good friends.
We really have a lot in common.For a start，we were born on the same day﹣October 17th!Isn't that amazing（令人惊奇的）？Also，just like you I have two older sisters!They are both great.One is studying medicine in a university and the other is studying in a high school.We love each other but sometimes we fight with each other.What about you？
My mom and dad are cool.My mom is a college teacher.She is very strict.My dad is an engineer.He is always very busy.What do your parents do？
The things that I like doing most are gymnastics（体操）and listening to music.I do gymnastics five times a week and I practice really hard.I hope to win a prize in our school's gymnastics competition this year.
Well，that's all for now.Write soon.I'm hungry for news about you!
（44）Linda heard about Nina from .
A．the Internet B．her English teacher C．her school newspaper
（45）When was their birthday？
A．November 7th B．December 27th C．October 17th
（46）Which of the following about Linda's family is TRUE？
A．Linda's mom is very busy. B．Linda's dad is an engineer
C．One of Linda's sisters is a university teacher.
（47）From the email，we can know that .
A．Linda practices gymnastics very hard
B．Linda is studying medicine in a college
C．Linda and Nina both have three sisters
（48）Linda wrote this email mainly to .
A．say hello to Nina B．ask Nina for help C．say thank you to Nina
B
My name is Mary Taylor.I'm a 14﹣year﹣old girl.I want to be a pilot.I spend hours watching the planes take off（起飞）from the airport.I love traveling to new places by plane.
I'm not sure whether（是否）it's the right job for me.I want to decide soon.I hope to start training（训练）early.I want to be young when I'm flying a Boeing 737 or even an A380.
I have so many questions about the job﹣do a pilot get paid well？I want to make lots of money because I want to have a big family and a big house.Is it fun？Is it safer than being a doctor，a policewoman，etc.？Is it really hard？I'm a girl，so will I be discriminated against（被歧视）？If I decide to become a pilot，where and when should I start training？My only brother also says if I want to be a pilot，I have to be really good at math，but I'm only OK at math.
Being a pilot looks like one of the coolest jobs in the world.
（49）What does Mary want to be？ .
A．A doctor B．A pilot C．A race car diver
（50）How does Mary like traveling to new places？ .
A．By car B．By bus C．By plane
（51）Boeing 737 and A380 are .
A．two kinds of planes B．two rooms in Mary's school C．Mary's favorite radio stations
（52）What can we know from Paragraph 3？
A．Mary wants a big house. B．Mary decides to be a pilot. C．Mary is really good at math.
（53）Mary thinks being a pilot is .
A．Dangerous B．Cool C．Relaxing
词汇积累
单词 意思 单词 意思 单词 意思
习题专练二
A【2023-2024学年四川省成都七中八年级（上）期中英语试卷】
Leonardo da Vinci（达芬奇），born in Italy，began painting the Mona Lisa，one of the most famous paintings of all time，in 1503.He was working on a special painting for a church at the time，but it was not going well.It is said that an Italian businessman asked him to paint a portrait（自画像）of his wife named Madonna Lisa del Giocondo.People thought she was the woman in the Mona Lisa.
The painting is only 77 cm by 53 cm and da Vinci painted it with oil on wood.After da Vinci finished the painting in1506，the French King told him to visit France，and he took the painting with him.
Today the Mona Lisa is kept in the Louvre，an art museum in Paris，and about six million visitors go there to take a look every year.Visitors come to look carefully at her smile and her eyes.They try to find out what she was thinking about as she posed.Artists look closely to see what special skills Leonardo used to make her hands look so natural.How did he create the shadowy background behind her？
On August 22，1911，an artist named Louis came to the Louvre Museum to study and copy the Mona Lisa，as artists and students could do it.It was a Tuesday，which is important because on Monday the museum was closed.Louis came into the room but the painting wasn't there.Did someone move it？He waited for a while.Then he asked a guard about it.When the guard came back，he had very bad news.The Mona Lisa was missing.In fact，Vincenzo Peruggia，a worker at the Louvre，took the painting away.He took it out of the museum by hiding it under his coat.Two years later，police officers found the painting under his bed after he tried to sell it.
In 1962，the Mona Lisa was taken to Washington and New York on show.For the journey，to keep the painting safe，the insurance company（保险公司）set the price of it at 100 million dollars，making it the most expensive painting!Today，the painting would be over 700 million dollars.In fact，what makes it the most expensive painting is that it's priceless.
（51）How long did it take Leonardo da Vinci to finish the work？
A．For about 4 years .B．For about 8 years. C．For more than 4 years.
（52）Where is the Mona Lisa now？
A．In Italy. B．In the US. C．In France.
（53）Which statement about the Mona Lisa is true？
A．It is a woman's real name. B．It was once lost. C．It was for sale in 1962.
（54）What are people interested in the Mona Lisa，according to the article？
A．How did da Vinci paint it？
B．Who was the woman in the painting？
C．Where was it in 1911？
（55）Which word can describe the Mona Lisa？
A．Big. B．Famous. C．Educational.
B
I wanted to learn skills I had never picked up before，so I took up skating.Over the past two weeks，I had done better and better in skating.And I would like to share the sport with my kid.But my daughter became interested in skating herself before I had the chance to ask her to enjoy the sport with me.
This isn't my first day as a parent，and I know she always cares about what her friends think.She talked about her desired skates（滑冰鞋）a few times before.But every time she tried on a pair of her friend's skates，her friend would laugh，so she gave up.
My daughter's school would hold a skating competition.It was a perfect motivation for us.So I bought her a pair and we went to the park to practise.At first she was afraid，holding my hand as she went on.Every 15 minutes or so，she'd rest，and I'd let go of her hand to skate around，practising my own moves."You're really good，Mum，"she said.
After more practice，we were in the skating field with all her friends.She was not afraid any more and excited to skate，while I was free to move around at high speed among the other slow﹣moving kids and parents.
Skating with my kid took my mind off my work.In this way，I not only made better use of my time but also had a wonderful family time with my daughter.I'll keep up with it.
（30）Why didn't the writer's daughter buy a pair of skates before？
A．Because she couldn't find her desired skates.
B．Because she hardly wanted to learn to skate.
C．Because she cared about her friends' ideas too much.
D．Because she often borrowed her friend's skates to practice.
（31）What does the underlined word " motivation" mean in Chinese？
A．经历 B．动机 C．锻炼 D．成就
（32）Going skating is helpful to the writer in some ways EXCEPT（除了）that .
A．she can relax herself from work
B．she can use her time in a better way
C．she can make friends with her daughter's friends
D．she can have great fun spending time with her daughter
（33）What is the best title for the passage？
A．My Kid Fell in Love with Skating B．Skating with My Kid
C．Practice Makes Perfect D．Parents' Love
词汇积累
单词 意思 单词 意思 单词 意思
习题专练三
A
Everyone needs friends. There is an old saying, “Friends are God’s way of taking care of us.” But how do you find real friendship and keep it
The American writer Sally Seamans tells young students some smart ways to find friends. Sally says finding friendship is just like planting a tree. You plant the seed(种子) and take care of it to make it grow.
First, you should choose a friend. What makes a good friend It is not because a person has money or good looks. A good friend should be kind and patient. For example, if you have a bad day, a good friend should listen to your complaints(抱怨)and do his or her best to help. To make a friend, you cannot be too shy. You should make each other happy and share your lives.
But things cannot always be happy. Even the best friends have fights. What should you do when you have a fight with your friend You have to talk to him or her. When there is no one around, have an honest talk. If he or she doesn’t want to talk, you could write a letter.
There are some steps(步骤) to being friends again:
Tell him or her how you are feeling;
Say what your friend has done wrong and explain why you did this or that;
Remember that friendship is the most important thing in your life.
( )1. Sally wants to tell students the ways to ___________.
A. find friends B. plant trees C. get happy D. keep fit
( )2. What makes good friends A good friend should __________________.
A. be lovely and cool B. be kind and patient C. have lots of money D. have good looks
( )3. According to the text, you can __________ your friend after a fight.
A. buy a present for B. never say a word to
C. have dinner with D. write a letter to
( )4. How many steps are there to being friends again
A. only one B. two C. three D. four
( )5. What is the best title for the text
A. Teenagers and friendship B. The good friends around you
C. The trouble of growing up D. The care and keeping of friends
B
If a friend gives us a big help, it's a good idea to write them a thank-you note. But how many of us can sit down to do this
“People don't seem to give thanks to people quite often," Amit Kumar from University of Texas said.Why are people uncertain about sending thank-you notes And how do people feel when they receive(收到)one
Kumar and his team asked some students to send a thank-you note to another person by email.Then,they asked both the writer and the recipient how sending or receiving these notes made them feel.
They found that the students didn't like to write the notes because they had to think too much about them. They worried about what to say and how to say it. The receiver,however, enjoyed the notes. "When you are a receiver you can feel the warmth of the note," one of the receivers said.
The writers also thought it might be awkward (尴尬的) for the receiver to receive a thank-you note, but this was not true."The receivers feel quite happy," Kumar says"They don't really feel awkward at all."
“If people knew that writing a thank-you note could have such a big influence(影响) on others, they would do it more often," Kumar says.
“Simple small changes in our everyday lives can make a big difference in how we treat (对待)other people so start from writing the thank-you note," Kumar says.
36 . From Amit Kumar, we can know that people __________.
A . like to say thank you when they get help B . feel happy writing thank-you letters
C . don't often write thank-you notes
D . feel awkward when receiving a thank-you letter
37.What does the word "recipient" in Paragraph 3 mean in Chinese
A.收信者 B.写信者 C.劳动者 D.求助者
38 .People don't like to write thank-you notes because _______________.
A . they think it takes too much time B . they don't want to say thank you
C . they worry about what to write D . they have few friends to write
39.Kumar found that when a person receives a thank-you note, he will feel __________.
A. worried B.warm C.awkward D.unhappy
40 . The best title of the passage is_______________.
A．Be Ready to Help Others B．Try to Make a Big Surprise
C．The Way to Write a Thank-you Note D．Take Time to Thank
词汇积累
单词 意思 单词 意思 单词 意思
习题专练四
B【2021-2022学年四川省泸州市龙马潭区八年级（下）第二次月考】
In 1993，Rebecca left her job and her family and travelled to Asia with some other climbers.She found that life on Qomolangma is hard. " You must carry everything on your back，" she said， " So you can only take things that you will need.You can't wash on the mountain，and in the end I didn't even take a toothbrush.I am usually a clean person but there is no water，only snow.Water is very heavy so you only take enough to drink!"
When Rebecca reached the top of Mount Qomolangma on May 17，1993.It was the best moment of her life.Suddenly she became famous.
Now she has written a book about the trip and people often ask her to talk about it.She has a new job，too，on a science programme on television.
Rebecca is well known today and she has more money，but she still lives in the little flat in South London.
（38）Before Rebecca climbed Qomolangma，she was a .
A．Climber B．Scientist C．Journalist D．guide
（39）In 1993，Rebecca .
A．left her job B．left her family C．travelled to Asia D．did all of the above
（40）After May 17，1993，Rebecca .
A．became a journalist B．had a new job
C．got a little money D．lived in a better flat
（41）Rebecca became famous for .
A．her science programme B．her pictures and books
C．having much money D．reaching the top of Mount Qomolangma
（42）Which one is false according to the passage？
A．Rebecca was the first British woman to climb Mountain Qomolangma.
B．Rebecca didn't wash anything on the mountain.
C．Rebecca carried everything on her back by herself.
D．Rebecca was the first woman to climb Mountain Qomolangma.
词汇积累
单词 意思 单词 意思 单词 意思
习题专练五
A【2022-2023学年四川省泸州市泸县一中八年级（下）期末英语试卷】
The summer vacation（假期） is coming.It will be an exciting holiday for me.
First I will fly to Hainan with my aunt.We'll go to the beach.My cousin works in a restaurant near the beach，so he'll show us around.In the daytime，we can enjoy the beautiful sunshine（阳光），play beach volleyball and swim.In the evening，we can go to the parties in the restaurant.Isn't it fun？
Then after we come back，we'll go to Beijing.My aunt is a good driver and we'll go there by car.We'll stay there for a week.We're going to visit the Palace Museum，the Great Wall and other famous places in Beijing.We'll take lots of photos.We also plan to visit Beijing Zoo because we both love giraffes.We'll go shopping at the end of the trip.We are going to buy some wonderful presents for our family.
（31）What does the writer think of his summer vacation？
A．It will be boring. B．It will be surprising.C．It will be exciting. D．It will be moving.
（32） will show them around in Hainan.
A．No one B．His cousin C．His aunt D．A guide
（33）How will they go to Beijing？
A．By car. B．By plane. C．By bus. D．By train.
（34）How long will they stay in Beijing？
A．For four days. B．For five days. C．For six days. D．For seven days.
（35）What's the passage mainly about？
A．A trip to Hainan. B．A visit to Beijing.
C．A plan to enjoy the beach. D．A plan for the summer vacation.
B
Every country has its own way of cooking. American people also have their way of cooking, don’t they
Most people in the United States like fast food, but if you think that American people don’t like cooking, you are wrong. It’s true that most Americans eat fast food for their breakfast and lunch, but they also think cooking is interesting. Parents see the importance of teaching their children how to cook, and most Americans say that home-cooked meals are the best.
Americans have their own way of cooking. For example, baking (烘烤) is the most popular way of cooking in America. Most American families have ovens. American cooks pay attention to (注意) the balance of food. In planning a big meal, they try to cook meat, a few vegetables, some bread and often some sweet food. They also like to make the dishes look beautiful. There are many kinds of food of different colors, so the meal is healthy and looks beautiful, too.
32．Most Americans __________.
A．don’t like cooking B．cook food in the morning
C．eat fast food D．like having a picnic
33．Most Americans __________.
A．don’t eat fast food for their breakfast or lunch B．have fast food for their breakfast and lunch
C．like to eat fast food for supper D．don’t have breakfast or lunch
34．__________ is the most popular way of cooking in the USA．
A．Baking B．Cutting C．Frying D．Boiling
35．How do American cooks balance different kinds of food
A．They cook a lot of meat.
B．They cook meat, vegetables, bread and sweet food for a big meal.
C．They make the food delicious.
D．They cook a lot of vegetables.
36．Which is TRUE according to the passage
A．The meal looks beautiful because the food is in different colors.
B．American people do not like to cook food at home.
C．American parents do not like to teach their children to cook.
D．Most people in the United States don't like fast food at all.
词汇积累
单词 意思 单词 意思 单词 意思中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
阅读理解专项提升
解题步骤
1.先读问题，弄清考查要点，以便能带着问题看文章，这样会心中有数。 在读题的时候划出题目的关键词。
2.快速浏览全文，掌握全貌，注意发现与问题有关的信息
3.细读原文，捕捉相关信息词，掌握短文细节内容，应特别注意以下2点：
（1）抓住四个"W"和一个"H"，边读边用铅笔做些标记，把 What (事件)，When（时间），Where（地点），Why（原因），How（经过）划出来。抓住了四个“W”和一个 “H”，就抓住了文章的全貌，一些直接性的问题便可解决。
（2）抓住连接词及起关键作用的副词、代词、介词、插入语等。因为这些词具有因果，让步，递进，转折，指代，列举及承上启下等各种连接上下文的特殊功能。这对考生分清文章层次，辨明各种关系，了解人物心理，推断作者意图，进行逻辑推理等手段来分析难点，都具有举足轻重的作用。
二、常用的解题方法
① 直接解题法。即从原文中直接找出答案。
② 归纳解题法。对于不能从原文中直接找出答案的可在把握全文中心和线索的前题下进行概括、归纳得出正确答案。
③ 综合推理法。读者需统观全文，认真分析，综合推理及至计算，最后归纳出正确答案。
题干中有"suggest, conclude, conclusion, probably, reason, because, according to“等字眼时，属于推断概括型，考查内容着眼于全篇，考生应具备一定的分析归纳，推理等逻辑思维能力。
④ 捕捉关键词。在阅读时应该注意与问题相关的同义词，近义词，反义词或同位词等信息词来得出正确答案。
⑤ 同意转换法。即原文这么说，而在问题和所选项中则用另外的词去转换一种说法，但仍表示同一含义。
⑥ 排除法。根据语言，句法结构，信息词和常识，在没有把握的选项中用排除法得出正确答案。
（一）主旨题
此类题型用以考查学生对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。其中一类题型为主旨问题。
1、主旨大意题题干常见的问句形式
1）主旨句设问类型 What is the main idea of this passage What does the passage mainly talk about We can conclude / learn from the passage that ..
2）最佳标题选择类型 The best title for this passage is ……
3）作者主旨意图类型 What does the writer want to tell us Which can express the purpose of the writer according to the passage
2、主旨大意题的解题方法
主旨大意题一定要注意文章的首尾两段。如果首尾两段的主旨表达是一致的，那么文章的主旨便是两段重复表明的语句内容表达。找出选项中与归纳的主旨表达重复最多的选项即为最佳答案。如果首尾两段的主旨表达不一致，则需要观察文章的段落篇幅量是倾向于首段或是尾段，从而确定主旨段落。如果文章只有一段，则注意文章的首两句及尾句，然后用以上的方法确定主旨句。
此外，标题选择即为主旨句的压缩表达，注意抓住主旨句进行主要词汇的提炼，把一个句子提炼为几个关键词，即是对主旨大意进行概括归纳的标题。而作者意图表达必须通过归纳中心主题才能找到，通常体现为 advise , convince , present , purpose , warn 等。
（二）细节题
1、细节事实题题干常见的问句形式
1) True or NOT true 是非判断类型: Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage Which of the following statements is NOT true Which of the following is NOT considered as .. According to the passage , which of the following is NOT mentioned as one of the reasons for .....
2）特殊疑问词提问类型
How many .... What / who / when / where / how / why ...
3）排序题类型 Which of the orders is correct according to the passage
4）例证题类型 The author gives the example in ..…. paragraph in order to ......
5）表唯一细节概念题类型：… the most /~ est ..... the only ...
2、细节事实题的解题方法：
做这类题的一般方法是先要找出题干或是选项中的关键字，一般为数字、大写或人名地名，再通过快速确定该细节在文中的出处（信息源），仔细对照题干要求，排除或选择。命题者在出这类题时惯用"偷梁换柱、张冠李戴"的手法来迷惑考生，即对原句细微处做改动，截取原文词语或结构进行改造，因果倒置，把 A 的观点说成 B 的观点等。所以正确理解题干和信息句的意义是关键。细节事实题还要十分注意句子的非主干成分，如定语、状语、补语等，这些成分都是出题者常进行误导的落脚点。
例证题一定要注意以 for example ..., such as ……等关键入手处，找出细节出处。排序题要先仔细观察选项，找出首尾相同的选项分组，进而通过具体细节信息比较进行排除和选择。唯一细节题一定要仔细审题，弄清题干所需。特别需要提醒的是，选项中出现有 most （最高级）、 the only （唯一）、 all （所有）、 none （全否）修饰的细节，都具有绝对性，选择判断时要慎选。
（三）推断题
此类题的关键是要注意原文出现的语句不是我们做出的推理判断，而是原文给出的细节信息，所以原文语句不能选。判断时对已知的事实仔细评价后做出的合理决定并非唯一决定，要对事实进行合乎情理的判断，有时还需借助常识进行判断。
推理判断题分两种，即对细节的推理和对主旨的推理。主要以 We can infer / imply / learn from this passage that ……等进行提问。解决此类题要注意，一是与原文相同的细节不能选，二是文中没有出现的细节不能跳出文章做推断。解题过程中只要注意上述两点，再结合做细节和主旨的方法，即可以做出推理判断题。
（四）猜测词义题
一般情况下，推断词义的题目中所出现的单词，大多数是学生未曾见过的生词，学生需要在该词出现的上下文中去寻找线索，通过阅读上下文，断定该词的真正含义，然后将这个释义代入文中，检查是否贴切，仔细比较直到得出该词的确切的含义。
1．通过因果关系猜词
通过因果关系猜词，首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系，然后才能猜词。有时文章借助关联词（如 because , as , since , for , so , thus , as a result , of course , therefore 等等）表示前因后果。例如：
You shouldn’t have blamed him for that , for it wasn’t his fault .句子所表示的原因（那不是他的错），可猜出 blame 的词义是"责备"。
2．通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词
通过同义词猜词，一是要看由 and 或 or 连接的同义词词组，如 happy and glad ，即使我们不认识 glad这个词，也可以知道它是愉快的意思；二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词，如 Man has known something about the planets Venus , Mars , and Jupiter with the help of spaceships ．此句中的 Venus （金星）、 Mars （火星）、 Jupiter （木星）均为生词，但只要知道 planets 就可猜出这几个词都属于"行星"这一义域。通过反义词猜词，一是看表转折关系的连词或副词，如 but , while , however 等；二是看与 not 搭配的或表示否定意义的词语，如： He is so homely , not at all as handsome as his brother ．根据 not at all ... handsome 我们不难推测出 homely 的意思，即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。
3．通过构词法猜词
在阅读文章时，我们总会遇上一些新词汇，有时很难根据上下文来推断其词意，而它们对文章的理解又有着举足轻重的作用，此时，如掌握了一些常用的词根、前缀、后缀等语法知识，这些问题便不难解决了。
4．通过描述猜词
描述即作者为帮助读者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而对该人或该物作出的外在相貌或内在特征的描写。例如： The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole . It is fat and walks in a funny way . Although it cannot fly , it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish ．从例句的描述中可以得知 penguin 是一种生活在南极的鸟类。后面更详尽地描述了该鸟类的生活习性。
习题专练一【2022-2023学年四川省泸州市江阳区八年级（上）期末英语试卷】
A
How are you？I'm Linda.My English teacher told me about you.I asked her for your email address（地址）.I hope we can become good friends.
We really have a lot in common.For a start，we were born on the same day﹣October 17th!Isn't that amazing（令人惊奇的）？Also，just like you I have two older sisters!They are both great.One is studying medicine in a university and the other is studying in a high school.We love each other but sometimes we fight with each other.What about you？
My mom and dad are cool.My mom is a college teacher.She is very strict.My dad is an engineer.He is always very busy.What do your parents do？
The things that I like doing most are gymnastics（体操）and listening to music.I do gymnastics five times a week and I practice really hard.I hope to win a prize in our school's gymnastics competition this year.
Well，that's all for now.Write soon.I'm hungry for news about you!
（44）Linda heard about Nina from .
A．the Internet B．her English teacher C．her school newspaper
（45）When was their birthday？
A．November 7th B．December 27th C．October 17th
（46）Which of the following about Linda's family is TRUE？
A．Linda's mom is very busy. B．Linda's dad is an engineer
C．One of Linda's sisters is a university teacher.
（47）From the email，we can know that .
A．Linda practices gymnastics very hard
B．Linda is studying medicine in a college
C．Linda and Nina both have three sisters
（48）Linda wrote this email mainly to .
A．say hello to Nina B．ask Nina for help C．say thank you to Nina
BCBAA
B
My name is Mary Taylor.I'm a 14﹣year﹣old girl.I want to be a pilot.I spend hours watching the planes take off（起飞）from the airport.I love traveling to new places by plane.
I'm not sure whether（是否）it's the right job for me.I want to decide soon.I hope to start training（训练）early.I want to be young when I'm flying a Boeing 737 or even an A380.
I have so many questions about the job﹣do a pilot get paid well？I want to make lots of money because I want to have a big family and a big house.Is it fun？Is it safer than being a doctor，a policewoman，etc.？Is it really hard？I'm a girl，so will I be discriminated against（被歧视）？If I decide to become a pilot，where and when should I start training？My only brother also says if I want to be a pilot，I have to be really good at math，but I'm only OK at math.
Being a pilot looks like one of the coolest jobs in the world.
（49）What does Mary want to be？ .
A．A doctor B．A pilot C．A race car diver
（50）How does Mary like traveling to new places？ .
A．By car B．By bus C．By plane
（51）Boeing 737 and A380 are .
A．two kinds of planes B．two rooms in Mary's school C．Mary's favorite radio stations
（52）What can we know from Paragraph 3？
A．Mary wants a big house. B．Mary decides to be a pilot. C．Mary is really good at math.
（53）Mary thinks being a pilot is .
A．Dangerous B．Cool C．Relaxing
BCAAB
词汇积累
单词 意思 单词 意思 单词 意思
习题专练二
A【2023-2024学年四川省成都七中八年级（上）期中英语试卷】
Leonardo da Vinci（达芬奇），born in Italy，began painting the Mona Lisa，one of the most famous paintings of all time，in 1503.He was working on a special painting for a church at the time，but it was not going well.It is said that an Italian businessman asked him to paint a portrait（自画像）of his wife named Madonna Lisa del Giocondo.People thought she was the woman in the Mona Lisa.
The painting is only 77 cm by 53 cm and da Vinci painted it with oil on wood.After da Vinci finished the painting in1506，the French King told him to visit France，and he took the painting with him.
Today the Mona Lisa is kept in the Louvre，an art museum in Paris，and about six million visitors go there to take a look every year.Visitors come to look carefully at her smile and her eyes.They try to find out what she was thinking about as she posed.Artists look closely to see what special skills Leonardo used to make her hands look so natural.How did he create the shadowy background behind her？
On August 22，1911，an artist named Louis came to the Louvre Museum to study and copy the Mona Lisa，as artists and students could do it.It was a Tuesday，which is important because on Monday the museum was closed.Louis came into the room but the painting wasn't there.Did someone move it？He waited for a while.Then he asked a guard about it.When the guard came back，he had very bad news.The Mona Lisa was missing.In fact，Vincenzo Peruggia，a worker at the Louvre，took the painting away.He took it out of the museum by hiding it under his coat.Two years later，police officers found the painting under his bed after he tried to sell it.
In 1962，the Mona Lisa was taken to Washington and New York on show.For the journey，to keep the painting safe，the insurance company（保险公司）set the price of it at 100 million dollars，making it the most expensive painting!Today，the painting would be over 700 million dollars.In fact，what makes it the most expensive painting is that it's priceless.
（51）How long did it take Leonardo da Vinci to finish the work？
A．For about 4 years .B．For about 8 years. C．For more than 4 years.
（52）Where is the Mona Lisa now？
A．In Italy. B．In the US. C．In France.
（53）Which statement about the Mona Lisa is true？
A．It is a woman's real name. B．It was once lost. C．It was for sale in 1962.
（54）What are people interested in the Mona Lisa，according to the article？
A．How did da Vinci paint it？
B．Who was the woman in the painting？
C．Where was it in 1911？
（55）Which word can describe the Mona Lisa？
A．Big. B．Famous. C．Educational.
ACBAB
B
I wanted to learn skills I had never picked up before，so I took up skating.Over the past two weeks，I had done better and better in skating.And I would like to share the sport with my kid.But my daughter became interested in skating herself before I had the chance to ask her to enjoy the sport with me.
This isn't my first day as a parent，and I know she always cares about what her friends think.She talked about her desired skates（滑冰鞋）a few times before.But every time she tried on a pair of her friend's skates，her friend would laugh，so she gave up.
My daughter's school would hold a skating competition.It was a perfect motivation for us.So I bought her a pair and we went to the park to practise.At first she was afraid，holding my hand as she went on.Every 15 minutes or so，she'd rest，and I'd let go of her hand to skate around，practising my own moves."You're really good，Mum，"she said.
After more practice，we were in the skating field with all her friends.She was not afraid any more and excited to skate，while I was free to move around at high speed among the other slow﹣moving kids and parents.
Skating with my kid took my mind off my work.In this way，I not only made better use of my time but also had a wonderful family time with my daughter.I'll keep up with it.
（30）Why didn't the writer's daughter buy a pair of skates before？
A．Because she couldn't find her desired skates.
B．Because she hardly wanted to learn to skate.
C．Because she cared about her friends' ideas too much.
D．Because she often borrowed her friend's skates to practice.
（31）What does the underlined word " motivation" mean in Chinese？
A．经历 B．动机 C．锻炼 D．成就
（32）Going skating is helpful to the writer in some ways EXCEPT（除了）that .
A．she can relax herself from work
B．she can use her time in a better way
C．she can make friends with her daughter's friends
D．she can have great fun spending time with her daughter
（33）What is the best title for the passage？
A．My Kid Fell in Love with Skating B．Skating with My Kid
C．Practice Makes Perfect D．Parents' Love
CBCB
词汇积累
单词 意思 单词 意思 单词 意思
习题专练三
A
Everyone needs friends. There is an old saying, “Friends are God’s way of taking care of us.” But how do you find real friendship and keep it
The American writer Sally Seamans tells young students some smart ways to find friends. Sally says finding friendship is just like planting a tree. You plant the seed(种子) and take care of it to make it grow.
First, you should choose a friend. What makes a good friend It is not because a person has money or good looks. A good friend should be kind and patient. For example, if you have a bad day, a good friend should listen to your complaints(抱怨)and do his or her best to help. To make a friend, you cannot be too shy. You should make each other happy and share your lives.
But things cannot always be happy. Even the best friends have fights. What should you do when you have a fight with your friend You have to talk to him or her. When there is no one around, have an honest talk. If he or she doesn’t want to talk, you could write a letter.
There are some steps(步骤) to being friends again:
Tell him or her how you are feeling;
Say what your friend has done wrong and explain why you did this or that;
Remember that friendship is the most important thing in your life.
( )1. Sally wants to tell students the ways to ___________.
A. find friends B. plant trees C. get happy D. keep fit
( )2. What makes good friends A good friend should __________________.
A. be lovely and cool B. be kind and patient C. have lots of money D. have good looks
( )3. According to the text, you can __________ your friend after a fight.
A. buy a present for B. never say a word to
C. have dinner with D. write a letter to
( )4. How many steps are there to being friends again
A. only one B. two C. three D. four
( )5. What is the best title for the text
A. Teenagers and friendship B. The good friends around you
C. The trouble of growing up D. The care and keeping of friends
ABDCD
B
If a friend gives us a big help, it's a good idea to write them a thank-you note. But how many of us can sit down to do this
“People don't seem to give thanks to people quite often," Amit Kumar from University of Texas said.Why are people uncertain about sending thank-you notes And how do people feel when they receive(收到)one
Kumar and his team asked some students to send a thank-you note to another person by email.Then,they asked both the writer and the recipient how sending or receiving these notes made them feel.
They found that the students didn't like to write the notes because they had to think too much about them. They worried about what to say and how to say it. The receiver,however, enjoyed the notes. "When you are a receiver you can feel the warmth of the note," one of the receivers said.
The writers also thought it might be awkward (尴尬的) for the receiver to receive a thank-you note, but this was not true."The receivers feel quite happy," Kumar says"They don't really feel awkward at all."
“If people knew that writing a thank-you note could have such a big influence(影响) on others, they would do it more often," Kumar says.
“Simple small changes in our everyday lives can make a big difference in how we treat (对待)other people so start from writing the thank-you note," Kumar says.
36 . From Amit Kumar, we can know that people __________.
A . like to say thank you when they get help B . feel happy writing thank-you letters
C . don't often write thank-you notes
D . feel awkward when receiving a thank-you letter
37.What does the word "recipient" in Paragraph 3 mean in Chinese
A.收信者 B.写信者 C.劳动者 D.求助者
38 .People don't like to write thank-you notes because _______________.
A . they think it takes too much time B . they don't want to say thank you
C . they worry about what to write D . they have few friends to write
39.Kumar found that when a person receives a thank-you note, he will feel __________.
A. worried B.warm C.awkward D.unhappy
40 . The best title of the passage is_______________.
A．Be Ready to Help Others B．Try to Make a Big Surprise
C．The Way to Write a Thank-you Note D．Take Time to Thank
CACBD
词汇积累
单词 意思 单词 意思 单词 意思
习题专练四
B【2021-2022学年四川省泸州市龙马潭区八年级（下）第二次月考】
In 1993，Rebecca left her job and her family and travelled to Asia with some other climbers.She found that life on Qomolangma is hard. " You must carry everything on your back，" she said， " So you can only take things that you will need.You can't wash on the mountain，and in the end I didn't even take a toothbrush.I am usually a clean person but there is no water，only snow.Water is very heavy so you only take enough to drink!"
When Rebecca reached the top of Mount Qomolangma on May 17，1993.It was the best moment of her life.Suddenly she became famous.
Now she has written a book about the trip and people often ask her to talk about it.She has a new job，too，on a science programme on television.
Rebecca is well known today and she has more money，but she still lives in the little flat in South London.
（38）Before Rebecca climbed Qomolangma，she was a .
A．Climber B．Scientist C．Journalist D．guide
（39）In 1993，Rebecca .
A．left her job B．left her family C．travelled to Asia D．did all of the above
（40）After May 17，1993，Rebecca .
A．became a journalist B．had a new job
C．got a little money D．lived in a better flat
（41）Rebecca became famous for .
A．her science programme B．her pictures and books
C．having much money D．reaching the top of Mount Qomolangma
（42）Which one is false according to the passage？
A．Rebecca was the first British woman to climb Mountain Qomolangma.
B．Rebecca didn't wash anything on the mountain.
C．Rebecca carried everything on her back by herself.
D．Rebecca was the first woman to climb Mountain Qomolangma.
CBBDD
词汇积累
单词 意思 单词 意思 单词 意思
习题专练五
A【2022-2023学年四川省泸州市泸县一中八年级（下）期末英语试卷】
The summer vacation（假期） is coming.It will be an exciting holiday for me.
First I will fly to Hainan with my aunt.We'll go to the beach.My cousin works in a restaurant near the beach，so he'll show us around.In the daytime，we can enjoy the beautiful sunshine（阳光），play beach volleyball and swim.In the evening，we can go to the parties in the restaurant.Isn't it fun？
Then after we come back，we'll go to Beijing.My aunt is a good driver and we'll go there by car.We'll stay there for a week.We're going to visit the Palace Museum，the Great Wall and other famous places in Beijing.We'll take lots of photos.We also plan to visit Beijing Zoo because we both love giraffes.We'll go shopping at the end of the trip.We are going to buy some wonderful presents for our family.
（31）What does the writer think of his summer vacation？
A．It will be boring. B．It will be surprising.C．It will be exciting. D．It will be moving.
（32） will show them around in Hainan.
A．No one B．His cousin C．His aunt D．A guide
（33）How will they go to Beijing？
A．By car. B．By plane. C．By bus. D．By train.
（34）How long will they stay in Beijing？
A．For four days. B．For five days. C．For six days. D．For seven days.
（35）What's the passage mainly about？
A．A trip to Hainan. B．A visit to Beijing.
C．A plan to enjoy the beach. D．A plan for the summer vacation.
CBADD
B
Every country has its own way of cooking. American people also have their way of cooking, don’t they
Most people in the United States like fast food, but if you think that American people don’t like cooking, you are wrong. It’s true that most Americans eat fast food for their breakfast and lunch, but they also think cooking is interesting. Parents see the importance of teaching their children how to cook, and most Americans say that home-cooked meals are the best.
Americans have their own way of cooking. For example, baking (烘烤) is the most popular way of cooking in America. Most American families have ovens. American cooks pay attention to (注意) the balance of food. In planning a big meal, they try to cook meat, a few vegetables, some bread and often some sweet food. They also like to make the dishes look beautiful. There are many kinds of food of different colors, so the meal is healthy and looks beautiful, too.
32．Most Americans __________.
A．don’t like cooking B．cook food in the morning
C．eat fast food D．like having a picnic
33．Most Americans __________.
A．don’t eat fast food for their breakfast or lunch B．have fast food for their breakfast and lunch
C．like to eat fast food for supper D．don’t have breakfast or lunch
34．__________ is the most popular way of cooking in the USA．
A．Baking B．Cutting C．Frying D．Boiling
35．How do American cooks balance different kinds of food
A．They cook a lot of meat.
B．They cook meat, vegetables, bread and sweet food for a big meal.
C．They make the food delicious.
D．They cook a lot of vegetables.
36．Which is TRUE according to the passage
A．The meal looks beautiful because the food is in different colors.
B．American people do not like to cook food at home.
C．American parents do not like to teach their children to cook.
D．Most people in the United States don't like fast food at all.
CBABA
词汇积累
单词 意思 单词 意思 单词 意思
