江苏省盐城中学2023—2024学年度第一学期期末考试
高二年级英语试卷
试卷说明：本场考试时间120分钟，总分150分。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What is the speakers’ destination
A. The park. B. The beach. C. The hotel.
2. What is Nancy’s plan for Christmas
A. To have dinner at home. B. To do volunteer work. C. To visit some friends.
3. What is wrong with the man’s watch
A. It’s fast. B. It’s stopped. C. It’s slow.
4. Where is the bookstore now
A. On Lear Road. B. On Nelson Street. C. On Huntington Road.
5. What is the man going to do
A. Do some shopping. B. Give the woman a ride. C. Make breakfast.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题.
6. Why does the woman charge the man
A. He’s returned a book late. B. He’s damaged a book. C. He’s lost a book.
7. How does the man feel about the fine
A. It’s acceptable. B. It’s too much. C. It’s unnecessary.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. What is special about the teacups
A. They are finely decorated. B. They are sold with candles. C. They are shaped like hearts.
9. Why does the man take the apple-tree-to-be gift
A. It looks attractive. B. It provides instructions. C. It will be a pleasant memory.
10. How much will the man pay for the girl
A. $24.95. B. $26.99. C. $56.90.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. What does Karl need according to Susan
A. A holiday. B. A promotion. C. A pay rise.
12. What does Karl think his company should do
A. Offer paid vacations. B. Keep costs down. C. Employ more people.
13. What does Susan agree to do for Karl
A. Watch for job openings. B. Post an advertisement. C. Talk to his manager.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14. What is the woman’s original plan for tonight
A. Have a good rest. B. Study for an exam. C. Celebrate her birthday.
15. What does the man intend to do with friends at 6:30
A. Have dinner. B. Watch a movie. C. Have a party.
16. When will the party probably end
A. At 10:00. B. At 10:30. C. At 11:00.
17. How does the man sound
A. Enthusiastic. B. Impatient. C. Hesitant.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. What is the talk mainly about
A. Disease control. B. Local events. C. Government service.
19. What is prohibited at present in Oxton
A. Watering gardens. B. Smoking outdoors. C. Washing cars.
20. What does the speaker say about the fire
A. It destroyed a building. B. It caused serious injuries. C. It was quickly put out.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
WELCOME TO DENTAL 2023 IMPLANT CENTER GRAND OPENING!! VISIT OUR NEW LOCATION 3317 E.10th ST., LONG BEACH Save this coupon(优惠券)and you can enjoy the maximum discount in our new office: Single tooth implant costs only $700!(A 10% discount of normal). Including implant, abutment and crown. *Due date: 03/31/24. Cannot be combined with insurance fees or other coupons. New patients only. NOW SERVING YOU IN THREE LOCATIONS! IRVINE: 39 Creek Road, Suite 210 LAGUNA NIGUEL: 30012 Crown Valley Pkwy, STEB Unlike traditional artificial teeth, which are removable, dental implants are surgically placed into the jawbone and then topped with a restoration such as a dental crown. They feel much more natural than conventional alternatives. Additionally, dental implants can help to prevent bone deterioration(退化)that is caused by missing teeth. The bone begins to deteriorate when you lose a tooth because it is no longer being stimulated daily. This can lead to severe bone loss over time. But by placing dental implants into the jawbone, we can preserve this structure. If you’re missing one, two, or all of your teeth, we encourage you to visit our new office in Long Beach, or call(949)857-6757 to schedule your appointment. We would be happy to help you find the best treatment plan to restore your smile and help you enjoy better oral health soon!
1. What’s the restriction of the coupon
A. It is valid only on March 31st. B. It doesn’t support phone reservation.
C. Only new patients can use it. D. It must be used with insurance fees.
2. Which is an advantage of dental implants
A They cost little money. B. They preserve the jawbone.
C. They can be easily removed. D. They prevent teeth missing.
3. What is the purpose of the text
A. To explain how to implant teeth. B. To introduce three implant centers.
C. To advertise a newly opened dental center. D. To popularize the knowledge of oral health.
B
When the semester ended, I returned home. In a few weeks BYU would post grades; then I’d know if I could return in the fall.
I filled my journals with promises that I would stay out of the junkyard. I needed money so I went to get my old job back, at Stokes. I turned up at the busiest hour in the afternoon when I knew they’d be understaffed, and sure enough, the manager was bagging groceries when I found him. I asked if he’d like me to do that, and he looked at me for all of three seconds, and then lifted his apron over his head and handed it to me.
Dad was waiting for me when I came through the back door. He saw the apron and said, “You’re working for me this summer.”
“I’m working at Stokes,” I said.
His voice was raised. “This is your family. You belong here.”
There was no one on his crew since my brothers had gone. He had to do everything all by himself. Dad’s face was haggard, his eyes bloodshot. But that determination was etched (流露出) into his face. It was in his voice, in the harshness of it. He had to win this standoff (对峙).
But I couldn’t do the job, because to do it would be to slide backward. I had moved home, to my old room, to my old life. If I went back to working for Dad, to waking up every morning and pulling on steel toed boots and trudging (跋涉) out to the junkyard, it would be as if the last four months had never happened, as if I had never left.
When I’d told Dad that I planned to go back to college, he’d said a woman’s place was in the home that I should be learning about herbs — “God’s pharmacy (药房)” he’d call it — so I could take over for Mother.
My memories of the university faded quickly. The scratch of pencils on paper, the clack of a projector moving to the next slide, the peal of the bells signaling the end of the class — all were drowned out by the clatter of iron and the role of diesel engines after a month in the junkyard. BYU seemed like a dream, something I had created by magic. Now I was awake.
4. Why did the author turn up at the busiest hour at Stokes
A. Because she was expelled from college and planned to work at Stokes.
B. Because she could save money by buying stuff at a discount in the afternoon.
C. Because she would have a better chance to get the job.
D. Because her dad asked her to get an apron for him from Stokes in the afternoon.
5. The underlined word “haggard” is closest in meaning to
A. tired B. excited C. indifferent D. concerned
6 What was Dad’s attitude towards the author’s plan to go back to college
A. Supportive. B. Opposed. C. Hesitant. D. Doubtful.
7. What can be learned from the passage
A. The author didn’t want to work for her dad mainly because it was too tiring at the junkyard.
B. The author’s dad was poorly educated but he acknowledged the importance of education for girls.
C. The author missed her university and wanted to embrace her new life.
D. The author’s dad was disappointed because she didn’t choose medicine as her major.
C
This summer we witnessed interview teams at the North Pole wearing short sleeve shirts due to the warm weather. A study published on Aug 29 revealed more concerning issues in the supposedly coldest area of the world. Zombie ice from a massive Greenland ice sheet was confirmed to be melting, which would eventually raise global sea levels by at least 10 inches (27 centimeters) on its own, reported Associated Press (AP).
Zombie ice is the kind of ice that is still attached to thicker areas of ice but is no longer getting fed by larger glaciers. Since glaciers are getting less snow to make up for the amount of ice melted, once the zombie ice is melted, it cannot be re-formed.
Scientists decided to look at the balance of the ice. In perfect equilibrium (平衡), snow in the mountains of Greenland flows down and thickens the sides of glaciers, balancing out what’s melting on the edges, according to AP. But in the last few decades, there is less refill and more melting, creating an imbalance.
Study co-author William Colgan at the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland told AP that 3.3 percent of Greenland’s total ice volume will melt eventually. “Starying would be a good phrase” for what’s happening to the ice, Colgan added.
With a great number of natural resources buried under the earth, areas of melted ice revealed treasures that attracted the world’s richest men. According to CNN, in early August, there was a “treasure hunt” in Greenland. Billionaires, including Bill Gates and others, financially backed KoBold Metals, a US-based mineral exploration company, to explore the rare metals under the glaciers in Greenland. The company told CNN that since there were enough minerals to power hundreds of millions of electric vehicles, the critical resource is capable of powering the green energy transition.
While investors are taking advantage of global warming, experts express their concerns that the mineral exploration is likely to worsen the local environment, running out of the world’s resources at a faster rate.
8. What do we know about zombie ice
A. It’s made up by nearby glaciers. B. It’s independent from large glaciers.
C. It will melt away from the ice cap. D. It has increased sea levels by 10 inches.
9. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A. Why more zombie ice can’t be created. B. How zombie ice was formed in the past.
C. What the melting of zombie ice can lead to. D. How zombie ice functions in the ecosystem.
10. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 imply
A. The ice has brought about starvation. B. The ice is refilled more than before.
C. The ice is becoming gradually thinner. D. The ice has been good to skate on.
11. What’s the main purpose of the article
A. To explain a natural phenomenon. B. To comment on the “treasure hunt”.
C. To call for environmental protection D. To report on the melting zombie ice.
D
As the concept of emotional intelligence (EI) has gone global, we’ve watched professionals fail as they try to improve their emotional intelligence because they either don’t know where to focus their efforts or they haven’t understood how to improve these skills on a practical level. In our work consulting with companies and coaching leaders, we have found that if you’re looking to develop particular EI strengths, it helps to consider areas for improvement others have identified along with the goals you want to achieve and then to actively build habits in those areas rather than simply relying on understanding them conceptually.
The first step is to get a sense of how your self-perception (how you see yourself) differs from your reputation (how others see you). This is especially true for the development of EI because we can be blind to how we express and read the emotional components of our interactions. For example, most of us think that we’re good listeners, but very often that’s really not the case. Without this external reality check, it will be difficult for you to identify the ways that your actions affect your performance. Getting teed back from others can also provide proof of the necessity of shifting our behavior and motivation to do so.
To give you the best sense of where the differences lie between your self-perception and reputation, you should use a 360-degree feedback assessment that takes into account the multiple aspects of EI. The key is to find one to give you feedback, which is focused on development and not on performance assessment. And that can give you a detailed understanding of how other people’s assessments of you differ from your own assessments.
Secondly, when you get your feedback from an assessment, let that inform what you want to improve. But also consider what your goals are. When it comes to cultivating strengths in emotional intelligence, you’re at a huge disadvantage if you’re only interested because others say you should be. Your emotional intelligence is so tied up in your sense of self that being intrinsically (内在的) motivated to make the effort matters more when changing longstanding habits than it does when simply learning a skill.
That means the areas that you choose to actively work on should lie at the intersection of the feedback you’ve gotten and the areas that are most important to your own aspirations (抱负). Understanding the influences of your current EI habits relative to your goals will keep you going over a long period at time as you do the work or strengthening your emotional intelligence.
12. What do we know from the first paragraph
A. EI can be better improved with others’ help.
B. Leaders are badly in need of improving their EI.
C. EI plays a key role in professional development.
D. Professionals fail to understand the concepts of EI.
13. According to the passage, which of the following is an “external reality check”
A You help your siblings make a key decision.
B. Your career development speeds up with others’ help.
C. You reflected yourself and made a New Year resolution.
D. Your teacher directed you towards a better attitude in study.
14. What’s the main idea of Paragraph 4
A. To improve your EI, following your inner call is the most reliable.
B. It’s bard for others to know your EI because it hides deep inside.
C. To improve your EI, you should take your goals into consideration.
D. Acquiring a new skill is more significant than improving your EI.
15. Which of the following might the author agree with
A. Your inner self discourages you from improving your EI.
B. Effective EI development is determined by different factors.
C. The importance of performance assessment is underestimated.
D. EI development is unlikely to happen unless you know what EI is.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
The Science of Fear
Home alone at night, you hear a loud crash. In an instant your heart starts racing, your muscles tense and your breath quickens. You are immediately alert, prepared to fight or flee the source of the sound, which tums out to be a pile of books falling off that shelf you've been meaning to fix. ___16___
Fear is one of our strongest and most basic emotions. It's a big bad world out there, and being afraid of certain things protects us from potential danger to make sure we survive. Some evolutionary fears are hard-wired into our brains, but we can also develop new fears throughout our lives. As children we pick up on what makes our parents anxious, and we may also learn to fear certain things after negative experiences. ___17___ We can enjoy the view from the top of a skyscraper rather than worry about falling, or turn out the light-safe in the knowledge that a wolf won't swallow us in the night.
However, people with phobias have an extreme fear response that causes both physical and psychological suffering. ___18___ Agoraphobia is generally referred to as the fear of open spaces, but it applies to the dread of any situation that is difficult to escape from, or where help would not be available if something went wrong. Social phobia is the intense fear of interacting with people or performing, while specific phobias are the fear of a particular situation, activity or thing. ___19___ Somebody with acrophobia - an extreme fear of heights — may experience a panic attacl, stmpl trying to walk across a bridge. Depending on the cause of their phobia, sufferers often try their best to avoid situations that could affect them.
___20___ For example, somebody may develop cynophobia— the fear of dogs—after being bitten. But whether the cause is rational (理性的) or irrational, as soon as the brain notices a scary stimulus (刺激物), it activates the fight-or-flight response, thus preparing the body for action.
A. Then, how can it be overcome
B. These irrational fears can cause major disturbance to everyday life.
C. But in that moment, your brain and body reacted as if you were in extreme danger.
D. Despite this, most of us are able to ignore our fears when it's clear we aren't in any immediate danger.
E. Our brains warn us of the risks that might lie ahead, but then we often get prepared and overcome them.
F. These extreme fears are divided into three different groups: agoraphobia, social phobia and specific phobias.
G. The cause of phobias is not always clear, but many cases are linked to experiencing or witnessing unpleasant events.
第三部分 语言运用（共五节，满分45分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空处的最佳选项。
There are countless reasons to stay up late; however, here’s one good reason to go to bed.
The less a student sleeps every night, the lower their grade-point average (GPA) will be, according to a two-year study of the sleep habits of more than 600 students.
Researchers found that every lost hour of average nightly sleep at the start of an academic term was associated with a 0.07-point ____21____ in a student’s end-of-term GPA. When a student slept less than six hours a night, the ____22____ of lost sleep on a student’s grades was even more ____23____, said David Creswell, the lead author of the study.
“You’re ____24____ this sleep debt,” Creswell said. “And that has a pretty negative role ____25____ people’s academics.” Sleep, especially uninterrupted sleep, helps the brain ____26____ and memorize information it has learned. And when someone is sleep-deprived, attention span and memory are also damaged.
But students face a variety of “____27____ pressure” that keep them up late, Creswell said. The average student in the sample group ____28____ fell asleep at about 12:00 p.m. and these students slept about 6 hours a night.
It’s not clear why less sleep would cause someone to have a lower GPA, Creswell said. Sleeping for longer, ____29____ periods of time allows for REM sleep, a period of unconscious rapid eye movement that corresponds with high activity in the brain. Creswell said he ____30____ that a regular pattern of ____31____ sleep creates a “sleep debt” over time, leaving students unable to concentrate. “These students are going to attend their class with a ton of sleep debt, and they’re having trouble staying focused and ____32____ in classrooms,” Creswell said. “Those things can really harm your ability to really ____33____ with the material. What’s more, sleep is so important that it is like the ____34____ that holds students’ lives together in lots of aspects.”
“Fundamentally, it ____35____: If we’re not sleeping well, all systems are not a go,” Creswell said. “Our body is not prepared for the day ahead of us and what we’re asking it to do if we don’t have that good, basic amounts of night-time sleep.”
21. A. drop B. addition C. rise D. consistency
22. A. efficiency B. effect C. cause D. advantage
23. A. primitive B. various C. distinct D. contrary
24. A. demonstrating B. accusing C. relieving D. accumulating
25. A. in a state of B. in association with C. in terms of D. in line with
26. A. prohibit B. process C. produce D. privilege
27. A. competing B. comprehending C. complicating D. comparing
28. A. typically B. briefly C. violently D. subsequently
29. A. uninterrupted B. unconstrained C. undetermined D. unemployed
30. A. sustains B. suspends C. suspects D. shifts
31. A. improper B. adequate C. extraordinary D. insufficient
32. A. building B. returning C. learning D. emerging
33. A. engage B. elevate C. evolve D. evaluate
34. A. glance B. gesture C. grade D. glue
35. A. comes up to B. comes down to C. goes in for D. gets down to
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Chinese character zhen(振), meaning “vitalize”, was named the nation’s most popular character related to domestic affairs in 2023, while the character wei(危), meaning “risk” or “crisis”, was chosen as ____36____ (hot) for international topics. The characters are ____37____ a list of popular words, as well as phrases, collected in an annual ____38____ (assess) organized by agencies including the Ministry of Education’s National Language Resources Monitoring and Research Center and the Commercial Press publishing house.
Organizers explained that “vitalize” represents a current situation in China ____39____ everyone is trying to make an effort, and that’s the spirit one should have, whether it’s a country or an individual, when ____40____ (face) challenges and obstacles.
Meanwhile, it pointed out that internationally, the world’s path has come to ____41____ crossroads amid wars and conflicts, sluggish economies, a widening gap of development and a worsening environment. Organizers called for looking for opportunities ____42____ (hide) in the crises, and using dialogue and cooperation to handle differences in order to build a fair, better world.
In addition to characters, “gaozhiliang fazhan”, or high-quality development, ____43____ (choose) as the key domestic phrase of the year, ____44____ ChatGPT was named the annual phrase in international topics.
This year marked the 18th time for such a list _____45_____ (publish). Over the last month, the same organizers also revealed the top 10 popular phrases, online catchphrases and new words.
第三节（共5小题：每小题1分，满分5分）
选择并使用所给英语单词的正确形式完成句子，有两个单词为多余词。
automatic disaster resist equip divide threaten incredible
46. Such dangers can have ______ outcomes not only for the sites themselves, but also for people.
47. Relative poverty did not prevent Martin from ______ himself with an excellent education.
48. Cutting food intake by half is an ______ difficult thing for anyone to do — it’s no wonder that losing weight is no easy task.
49. The more pesticides are used, the more ______ the insects become; so the more pesticides have to be used.
50. There are ______ among historians over when exactly the construction began, but no one can deny the fact that it is a magnificent building.
第四节（共10小题；每小题0.5分，满分5分）
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
51. He was threatened with ______ (dismiss) if he continued to turn up late for work. （所给词的适当形式填空）
52. After being criticized by his teacher, the boy made a resolution ______ (submit) his assignment on time. （所给词的适当形式填空）
53. The flesh of this kind of fish had ______ (except) delicacy and he couldn’t help eating a lot. （所给词的适当形式填空）
54. The old gentleman decided to help the young boy, ______ (convince) that he was innocent. （所给词的适当形式填空）
55. With coral reefs ______ threat from climate change the scientists are now advocating fewer people on islands to protect some of the most diverse ecosystems in the ocean. （用适当的词填空）
56. When asked, the boy said that he didn’t have any idea ______ is actually going on in the classroom. （用适当的词填空）
57. We were all very grateful to John, _________ help contributed greatly to our success. (用适当的词填空)
58. People tend to be more aggressive when they're young and more _________ (conserve) as they get older.
59. Their efforts helped develop and strengthen harmonious relations with these countries and regions, ______ (expose) foreign people to Chinese culture. （所给词的适当形式填空）
60. Politicians dress up their ambition as a ______ (pursue) of the public good. （所给词的适当形式填空）
第五节（共10小题；每小题0.5分，满分5分）
根据句意和所给汉语提示，用适当的英文短语完成句子。
61. Recent research has ______ (进一步了解) the causes of the disease. （根据汉语提示补全句子）
62. I ______(努力解决，全力解决) the problem for weeks, but I haven’t found a solution yet. （根据汉语提示补全句子）
63. The secretary spent the whole afternoon ______(理顺，整理) all the files and kept detailed accounts as her boss had arranged. （根据汉语提示补全句子）
64. The government will look into reforming the education system and make it work better, both ______ (为了…的好处，为…的利益) students and society. （根据汉语提示补全句子）
65. With everything ______(准备就绪), the rescue team set off for the mountain to search for the lost passenger. （根据汉语提示补全句子）
66. Considering these negative effects of low gravity has on the human body, the astronauts ______（严格要求自己）do at least two hours of exercise every day. （根据汉语提示补全句子）
67. What the government should ______(不遗余力，竭尽全力) to do is raise the public awareness of the animals in danger. （根据汉语提示补全句子）
68. ______(与…相反) popular history books most academic books tend to adopt a more serious approach to studying history. （根据汉语提示补全句子）
69. The crowds stood there for several hours with the sun ______（强烈照射）on them. （根据汉语提示补全句子）
70. He was found ______（拥有，占有）stolen goods and taken to court. （根据汉语提示补全句子）
第四部分 写作（满分25分）
71. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
My family moved in a small house in Brighton, Colorado on my seventh birthday. My first memory is our neighbor Bill, an old man, handing me strawberries from his garden through a hole in the chain-link fence. “We need to make the hole bigger,” he said jokingly. Later I knew that he lived alone.
Bill spent much time working in the garden, and I was always talking to him from our yard. I was a chatterbox. I think what drew me to Bill is that he never got tired of listening to me. I also think Bill saw a lot of himself in me — we were both lonely and anxious — and that may be why he always took the time to listen to me. It was a wonderful connection.
There weren’t any kids of my age in the neighborhood, and my parents were very busy, so I mostly played in the yard with my dog. I had a lot of imaginary friends — a whole family, actually, with a wife, children, a best friend... no joke. Weird kid.
One day, my parents asked Bill whether he’d watch me while they were away on business. This worked for everyone, so it became a somewhat monthly occurrence. Bill had a spare room in his house, which became “my” room.
Bill promised to teach me to drive the lawn tractor(割草机) someday and I was always looking forward to it. In winter, Bill would attach a snowplow(铲雪机) to the front of the dawn tractor. I seriously told him that I would invent a better snowplow when I grew up. “Sure you will. You’ll get a patent certificate. It takes a certificate to prove an important thing,” Bill said with a smile.
One snowy morning, an idea suddenly hit me. My parents were watching TV when I spit it out, “What if I adopted Bill as my grandpa ” My parents said I could go over and ask him.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I knocked on his door, sat down in his living room, and asked, “Can I adopt you as my grandpa ”
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The next morning, while learning to drive the lawn tractor with a snowplow, I accidentally plowed down our chain-link fence.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________江苏省盐城中学2023—2024学年度第一学期期末考试
高二年级英语试卷
试卷说明：本场考试时间120分钟，总分150分。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What is the speakers’ destination
A. The park. B. The beach. C. The hotel.
2. What is Nancy’s plan for Christmas
A. To have dinner at home. B. To do volunteer work. C. To visit some friends.
3. What is wrong with the man’s watch
A. It’s fast. B. It’s stopped. C. It’s slow.
4. Where is the bookstore now
A. On Lear Road. B. On Nelson Street. C. On Huntington Road.
5. What is the man going to do
A. Do some shopping. B. Give the woman a ride. C. Make breakfast.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题.
6. Why does the woman charge the man
A. He’s returned a book late. B. He’s damaged a book. C. He’s lost a book.
7. How does the man feel about the fine
A. It’s acceptable. B. It’s too much. C. It’s unnecessary.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. What is special about the teacups
A. They are finely decorated. B. They are sold with candles. C. They are shaped like hearts.
9. Why does the man take the apple-tree-to-be gift
A. It looks attractive. B. It provides instructions. C. It will be a pleasant memory.
10. How much will the man pay for the girl
A. $24.95. B. $26.99. C. $56.90.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. What does Karl need according to Susan
A. A holiday. B. A promotion. C. A pay rise.
12. What does Karl think his company should do
A. Offer paid vacations. B. Keep costs down. C. Employ more people.
13. What does Susan agree to do for Karl
A. Watch for job openings. B. Post an advertisement. C. Talk to his manager.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14. What is the woman’s original plan for tonight
A. Have a good rest. B. Study for an exam. C. Celebrate her birthday.
15. What does the man intend to do with friends at 6:30
A. Have dinner. B. Watch a movie. C. Have a party.
16. When will the party probably end
A. At 10:00. B. At 10:30. C. At 11:00.
17. How does the man sound
A. Enthusiastic. B. Impatient. C. Hesitant.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. What is the talk mainly about
A. Disease control. B. Local events. C. Government service.
19. What is prohibited at present in Oxton
A. Watering gardens. B. Smoking outdoors. C. Washing cars.
20. What does the speaker say about the fire
A. It destroyed a building. B. It caused serious injuries. C. It was quickly put out.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
WELCOME TO DENTAL 2023 IMPLANT CENTER GRAND OPENING!! VISIT OUR NEW LOCATION 3317 E.10th ST., LONG BEACH Save this coupon(优惠券)and you can enjoy the maximum discount in our new office: Single tooth implant costs only $700!(A 10% discount of normal). Including implant, abutment and crown. *Due date: 03/31/24. Cannot be combined with insurance fees or other coupons. New patients only. NOW SERVING YOU IN THREE LOCATIONS! IRVINE: 39 Creek Road, Suite 210 LAGUNA NIGUEL: 30012 Crown Valley Pkwy, STEB Unlike traditional artificial teeth, which are removable, dental implants are surgically placed into the jawbone and then topped with a restoration such as a dental crown. They feel much more natural than conventional alternatives. Additionally, dental implants can help to prevent bone deterioration(退化)that is caused by missing teeth. The bone begins to deteriorate when you lose a tooth because it is no longer being stimulated daily. This can lead to severe bone loss over time. But by placing dental implants into the jawbone, we can preserve this structure. If you’re missing one, two, or all of your teeth, we encourage you to visit our new office in Long Beach, or call(949)857-6757 to schedule your appointment. We would be happy to help you find the best treatment plan to restore your smile and help you enjoy better oral health soon!
1. What’s the restriction of the coupon
A. It is valid only on March 31st. B. It doesn’t support phone reservation.
C. Only new patients can use it. D. It must be used with insurance fees.
2. Which is an advantage of dental implants
A. They cost little money. B. They preserve the jawbone.
C. They can be easily removed. D. They prevent teeth missing.
3. What is the purpose of the text
A. To explain how to implant teeth. B. To introduce three implant centers.
C. To advertise a newly opened dental center. D. To popularize the knowledge of oral health.
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是应用文。为一则“牙科2023种植中心”的开业广告。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Due date: 03/31/24. Cannot be combined with insurance fees or other coupons. New patients only.(截止日期:03/31/24。不能与保险费或其他优惠券合并使用。仅限新患者)”可知，优惠券只有新患者才能使用它。故选C项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Additionally, dental implants can help to prevent bone deterioration(退化)that is caused by missing teeth. The bone begins to deteriorate when you lose a tooth because it is no longer being stimulated daily. This can lead to severe bone loss over time. But by placing dental implants into the jawbone, we can preserve this structure.(此外，种植牙可以帮助防止因缺牙而导致的骨质退化。当你失去一颗牙齿时，骨头就开始恶化，因为它不再每天受到刺激。随着时间的推移，这会导致严重的骨质流失。但是通过在颌骨中植入牙齿，我们可以保留这种结构)”可知，种植牙的优点是保存了颌骨。故选B项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据本文标题“WELCOME TO DENTAL 2023 IMPLANT CENTERGRAND OPENING!!VISIT OUR NEW LOCATION(欢迎来到牙科2023种植中心.隆重开幕! !参观我们的新地点)”以及最后一段“If you’re missing one, two, or all of your teeth, we encourage you to visit our new office in Long Beach, or call(949)857-6757 to schedule your appointment. We would be happy to help you find the best treatment plan to restore your smile and help you enjoy better oral health soon!(如果你缺了一颗、两颗或所有的牙齿，我们建议你去我们在长滩的新办公室，或者打电话(949)857-6757预约你的预约。我们很乐意帮助您找到最好的治疗方案，恢复您的笑容，让您早日享受更好的口腔健康!)”可推知，本文的目的是为一家新开的牙科中心做广告。故选C项。
B
When the semester ended, I returned home. In a few weeks BYU would post grades; then I’d know if I could return in the fall.
I filled my journals with promises that I would stay out of the junkyard. I needed money so I went to get my old job back, at Stokes. I turned up at the busiest hour in the afternoon when I knew they’d be understaffed, and sure enough, the manager was bagging groceries when I found him. I asked if he’d like me to do that, and he looked at me for all of three seconds, and then lifted his apron over his head and handed it to me.
Dad was waiting for me when I came through the back door. He saw the apron and said, “You’re working for me this summer.”
“I’m working at Stokes,” I said.
His voice was raised. “This is your family. You belong here.”
There was no one on his crew since my brothers had gone. He had to do everything all by himself. Dad’s face was haggard, his eyes bloodshot. But that determination was etched (流露出) into his face. It was in his voice, in the harshness of it. He had to win this standoff (对峙).
But I couldn’t do the job, because to do it would be to slide backward. I had moved home, to my old room, to my old life. If I went back to working for Dad, to waking up every morning and pulling on steel toed boots and trudging (跋涉) out to the junkyard, it would be as if the last four months had never happened, as if I had never left.
When I’d told Dad that I planned to go back to college, he’d said a woman’s place was in the home that I should be learning about herbs — “God’s pharmacy (药房)” he’d call it — so I could take over for Mother.
My memories of the university faded quickly. The scratch of pencils on paper, the clack of a projector moving to the next slide, the peal of the bells signaling the end of the class — all were drowned out by the clatter of iron and the role of diesel engines after a month in the junkyard. BYU seemed like a dream, something I had created by magic. Now I was awake.
4. Why did the author turn up at the busiest hour at Stokes
A. Because she was expelled from college and planned to work at Stokes.
B. Because she could save money by buying stuff at a discount in the afternoon.
C. Because she would have a better chance to get the job.
D. Because her dad asked her to get an apron for him from Stokes in the afternoon.
5. The underlined word “haggard” is closest in meaning to
A. tired B. excited C. indifferent D. concerned
6. What was Dad’s attitude towards the author’s plan to go back to college
A. Supportive. B. Opposed. C. Hesitant. D. Doubtful.
7. What can be learned from the passage
A. The author didn’t want to work for her dad mainly because it was too tiring at the junkyard.
B. The author’s dad was poorly educated but he acknowledged the importance of education for girls.
C The author missed her university and wanted to embrace her new life.
D. The author’s dad was disappointed because she didn’t choose medicine as her major.
【答案】4. C 5. A 6. B 7. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述的是作者在学期结束后，在家等成绩的时候找了份工作，而父亲要求作者为他工作，且父亲反对作者去上大学，让作者的大学梦想破灭。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I turned up at the busiest hour in the afternoon when I knew they’d be understaffed, and sure enough, the manager was bagging groceries when I found him.(我在下午最忙的时候去了，因为我知道他们人手不足，果然，当我找到经理时，他正在装杂货。)”可知，作者知道他们的人手不够，所以在最忙的时候出现，由此可知，在他们缺少人手的时候出现，作者被录用的可能性更大。故选C项。
【5题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线单词前的“There was no one on his crew since my brothers had gone. He had to do everything all by himself.(自从我的哥哥们走后，他的手下就没人了。他不得不自己做所有的事情。)”可知，父亲自己一人做所有的事情，结合划线单词后的“his eyes bloodshot.(眼睛充血。)”可知，父亲的眼里充血，自己做所有的事情，由此可推断，父亲应该是一脸的“疲惫”，所以，该单词的意思应与“疲惫”意义相近。故选A项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“When I’d told Dad that I planned to go back to college, he’d said a woman’s place was in the home that I should be learning about herbs — “God’s pharmacy (药房)” he’d call it — so I could take over for Mother.(当我告诉爸爸我打算回大学读书时，他说女人应该呆在家里，我应该学习草药——他称之为“上帝的药房”——这样我就可以接替妈妈的工作。)”可知，作者告诉父亲要回大学读书时，父亲认为作者应该待在家里学习草药，以便接替母亲的工作，由此可推断，父亲对作者会大学读书持反对态度。故选B项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据尾段中的“My memories of the university faded quickly. The scratch of pencils on paper, the clack of a projector moving to the next slide, the peal of the bells signaling the end of the class — all were drowned out by the clatter of iron and the role of diesel engines after a month in the junkyard.(我对大学的记忆很快就消失了。铅笔在纸上的刮擦声，放映机移到下一张幻灯片上的咔嗒声，上课结束的钟声——这一切都被铁的撞击声和在垃圾场呆了一个月后柴油机的轰鸣声淹没了。)”可知，在作者的记忆力里都是些上大学的场景，这一切都被现实生活给淹没，结合下文中的“BYU seemed like a dream, something I had created by magic. Now I was awake.(BYU就像一场梦，是我用魔法创造的。现在我醒了。)” 可知，作者认为上大学就像自己编织的一场梦一样，由此可知，作者想念她的大学，想拥抱她的新生活。故选C项。
C
This summer we witnessed interview teams at the North Pole wearing short sleeve shirts due to the warm weather. A study published on Aug 29 revealed more concerning issues in the supposedly coldest area of the world. Zombie ice from a massive Greenland ice sheet was confirmed to be melting, which would eventually raise global sea levels by at least 10 inches (27 centimeters) on its own, reported Associated Press (AP).
Zombie ice is the kind of ice that is still attached to thicker areas of ice but is no longer getting fed by larger glaciers. Since glaciers are getting less snow to make up for the amount of ice melted, once the zombie ice is melted, it cannot be re-formed.
Scientists decided to look at the balance of the ice. In perfect equilibrium (平衡), snow in the mountains of Greenland flows down and thickens the sides of glaciers, balancing out what’s melting on the edges, according to AP. But in the last few decades, there is less refill and more melting, creating an imbalance.
Study co-author William Colgan at the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland told AP that 3.3 percent of Greenland’s total ice volume will melt eventually. “Starying would be a good phrase” for what’s happening to the ice, Colgan added.
With a great number of natural resources buried under the earth, areas of melted ice revealed treasures that attracted the world’s richest men. According to CNN, in early August, there was a “treasure hunt” in Greenland. Billionaires, including Bill Gates and others, financially backed KoBold Metals, a US-based mineral exploration company, to explore the rare metals under the glaciers in Greenland. The company told CNN that since there were enough minerals to power hundreds of millions of electric vehicles, the critical resource is capable of powering the green energy transition.
While investors are taking advantage of global warming, experts express their concerns that the mineral exploration is likely to worsen the local environment, running out of the world’s resources at a faster rate.
8. What do we know about zombie ice
A. It’s made up by nearby glaciers. B. It’s independent from large glaciers.
C. It will melt away from the ice cap. D. It has increased sea levels by 10 inches.
9. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A. Why more zombie ice can’t be created. B. How zombie ice was formed in the past.
C. What the melting of zombie ice can lead to. D. How zombie ice functions in the ecosystem.
10. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 imply
A. The ice has brought about starvation. B. The ice is refilled more than before.
C. The ice is becoming gradually thinner. D. The ice has been good to skate on.
11. What’s the main purpose of the article
A. To explain a natural phenomenon. B. To comment on the “treasure hunt”.
C. To call for environmental protection D. To report on the melting zombie ice.
【答案】8. C 9. A 10. C 11. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了格陵兰岛冰原的一块僵尸冰即将从大冰原脱离并融化。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“Zombie ice from a massive Greenland ice sheet was confirmed to be melting, which would eventually raise global sea levels by at least 10 inches (27 centimeters) on its own, reported Associated Press (AP).(据美联社报道，来自格陵兰岛巨大冰原的僵尸冰被证实正在融化，这最终将使全球海平面上升至少10英寸(27厘米))”以及第二段第一句话“Zombie ice is the kind of ice that is still attached to thicker areas of ice, but is no longer getting fed by larger glaciers.(僵尸冰是指仍然附着在较厚的冰层上，但不再从较大的冰川中获得营养的冰)”可知，僵尸冰是指仍然附在较厚的冰层上，但不再从较大的冰川中获得营养的冰。由此推知，僵尸冰一旦从较大的冰原中脱离，将会融化。故选C项。
【9题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第三段内容“Scientists decided to look at the balance of the ice. In perfect equilibrium (平衡), snow in the mountains of Greenland flows down and thickens the sides of glaciers, balancing out what’s melting on the edges, according to AP. But in the last few decades, there is less refill and more melting, creating an imbalance.(科学家决定研究冰的平衡。据美联社报道，在完美平衡的情况下，格陵兰山区的积雪会流下来，使冰川侧面变厚，平衡边缘融化的冰川。但在过去的几十年里，补充量减少，融化量增加，造成了不平衡)”和第二段中“Since glaciers are getting less snow to make up for the amount of ice melted, once the zombie ice is melted, it cannot be re-formed.(由于冰川正在减少积雪来弥补融化的冰量，一旦僵尸冰融化，就无法重新形成)”可知，第二段指出僵尸冰融化，就无法重新形成，接着第三段解释了其原因——积雪留下来，平衡边远融化的冰川，但是在过去的几十年里，补充量减少，融化量增加，所以没有更多的僵尸冰，由此可知，第三段主要介绍了为什么不能制造更多的僵尸冰。故选A项。
【10题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第四段中划线短语上文“Study co-author William Colgan at the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland told AP that 3.3 percent of Greenland’s total ice volume will melt eventually. (研究合著者、丹麦和格陵兰地质调查局的威廉·科尔根 (William Colgan) 告诉美联社，格陵兰岛总冰量的3.3%最终将融化)”可知，总冰量的 3.3% 最终将融化。由此推知，冰层正在逐渐变薄。划线短语“for what’s happening to the ice,(冰发生的事情)”指的是“僵尸冰融化会导致冰层正在逐渐变薄”。故选C。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是文章第一段“Zombie ice from a massive Greenland ice sheet was confirmed to be molting, which would eventually raise global sea levels by at least 10 inches (27 centimeters) on its own, reported Associated Press (AP).(据美联社报道，来自格陵兰岛冰原的僵尸冰被证实正在蜕皮，这最终将使全球海平面上升至少10英寸(27厘米))”可知，文章主要报道了格陵兰岛冰原的一块僵尸冰即将从大冰原脱离并融化。由此推知，作者写本文的目的是为了报道僵尸冰的融化。故选D项。
D
As the concept of emotional intelligence (EI) has gone global, we’ve watched professionals fail as they try to improve their emotional intelligence because they either don’t know where to focus their efforts or they haven’t understood how to improve these skills on a practical level. In our work consulting with companies and coaching leaders, we have found that if you’re looking to develop particular EI strengths, it helps to consider areas for improvement others have identified along with the goals you want to achieve and then to actively build habits in those areas rather than simply relying on understanding them conceptually.
The first step is to get a sense of how your self-perception (how you see yourself) differs from your reputation (how others see you). This is especially true for the development of EI because we can be blind to how we express and read the emotional components of our interactions. For example, most of us think that we’re good listeners, but very often that’s really not the case. Without this external reality check, it will be difficult for you to identify the ways that your actions affect your performance. Getting teed back from others can also provide proof of the necessity of shifting our behavior and motivation to do so.
To give you the best sense of where the differences lie between your self-perception and reputation, you should use a 360-degree feedback assessment that takes into account the multiple aspects of EI. The key is to find one to give you feedback, which is focused on development and not on performance assessment. And that can give you a detailed understanding of how other people’s assessments of you differ from your own assessments.
Secondly, when you get your feedback from an assessment, let that inform what you want to improve. But also consider what your goals are. When it comes to cultivating strengths in emotional intelligence, you’re at a huge disadvantage if you’re only interested because others say you should be. Your emotional intelligence is so tied up in your sense of self that being intrinsically (内在的) motivated to make the effort matters more when changing longstanding habits than it does when simply learning a skill.
That means the areas that you choose to actively work on should lie at the intersection of the feedback you’ve gotten and the areas that are most important to your own aspirations (抱负). Understanding the influences of your current EI habits relative to your goals will keep you going over a long period at time as you do the work or strengthening your emotional intelligence.
12. What do we know from the first paragraph
A. EI can be better improved with others’ help.
B. Leaders are badly in need of improving their EI.
C. EI plays a key role in professional development.
D. Professionals fail to understand the concepts of EI.
13. According to the passage, which of the following is an “external reality check”
A. You help your siblings make a key decision.
B. Your career development speeds up with others’ help.
C. You reflected yourself and made a New Year resolution.
D. Your teacher directed you towards a better attitude in study.
14. What’s the main idea of Paragraph 4
A. To improve your EI, following your inner call is the most reliable.
B. It’s bard for others to know your EI because it hides deep inside.
C. To improve your EI, you should take your goals into consideration.
D. Acquiring a new skill is more significant than improving your EI.
15. Which of the following might the author agree with
A. Your inner self discourages you from improving your EI.
B. Effective EI development is determined by different factors.
C. The importance of performance assessment is underestimated.
D EI development is unlikely to happen unless you know what EI is.
【答案】12. A 13. D 14. C 15. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了提高情商的方法：了解自我认知与声誉之间的区别，明确目标，确定改变具体的行动。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“In our work consulting with companies and coaching leaders, we have found that if you’re looking to develop particular EI strengths, it helps to consider areas for improvement others have identified along with the goals you want to achieve and then to actively build habits in those areas rather than simply relying on understanding them conceptually.(在我们为公司提供咨询服务和培训领导者的工作中，我们发现，如果你想要发展特定的EI优势，考虑其他人已经确定的改进领域以及你想要实现的目标，然后积极地在这些领域培养好的习惯，而不是简单地依赖于对它们概念上的理解，会有所帮助)”可知，如果你想要发展特定的EI优势，可以考虑其他人已经确定的改进领域，可得出在别人的帮助下，情商可以得到更好的提高。故选A。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The first step is to get a sense of how your self-perception (how you see yourself) differs from your reputation (how others see you). This is especially true for the development of EI because we can be blind to how we express and read the emotional components of our interactions. For example, most of us think that we’re good listeners, but very often that’s really not the case.(第一步是了解你的自我认知（你如何看待自己）与你的声誉（别人如何看待你）有何不同。对于情商的发展来说尤其如此，因为我们可能对我们如何表达和理解我们互动中的情感成分视而不见。例如，我们大多数人都认为自己是好的倾听者，但事实往往并非如此)”及第二段最后一句“Getting teed back from others can also provide proof of the necessity of shifting our behavior and motivation to do so.(从别人那里得到反馈也可以证明我们改变行为的必要性和动机)”可知，“Without this external reality check, it will be difficult for you to identify the ways that your actions affect your performance.(如果没有这种external reality check，你将很难确定你的行为是如何影响你的表现的)”中划线部分external reality check(外部现实的检验)指的是他人对我们的反馈让我们真实了解自己，明白对自己的错误认知并纠正自己行为。由此推知，D选项“Your teacher directed you towards a better attitude in study.(你的老师引导你在学习上采取更好的态度)”是一种external reality check“外部现实的检验”。故选D。
【14题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第四段中的“Secondly, when you get your feedback from an assessment, let that inform what you want to improve. But also consider what your goals are.(其次，当你从评估中得到反馈时，让它告诉你想要改进的地方。但也要考虑你的目标是什么)”可知，第四段主要讲述了当你想要提高情商时，你应该考虑你的目标。故选C。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中的“In our work consulting with companies and coaching leaders, we have found that if you’re looking to develop particular EI strengths, it helps to consider areas for improvement others have identified along with the goals you want to achieve and then to actively build habits in those areas rather than simply relying on understanding them conceptually.(在我们为公司提供咨询服务和培训领导者的工作中，我们发现，如果你想要发展特定的情商优势，考虑其他人已经确定的改进领域以及你想要实现的目标，然后积极地在这些领域培养好的习惯，而不是简单地依赖于对它们概念上的理解，会有所帮助)”、倒数第二段中“Your emotional intelligence is so tied up in your sense of self that being intrinsically (内在的) motivated to make the effort matters more when changing longstanding habits than it does when simply learning a skill.(你的情商与你的自我意识紧密相连，所以在改变长期习惯时，内在的动机比单纯地学习一项技能更重要)”及最后一段中的“Understanding the influences of your current EI habits relative to your goals will keep you going over a long period at time as you do the work or strengthening your emotional intelligence.(了解你目前的情商习惯相对于对你的目标的影响，将使你在提高你情商的过程中保持长期的努力前行)”可知，情商的提高受到多种因素的影响。由此推知，作者可能会赞同B选项的观点“Effective EI development is determined by different factors.(有效的情商发展取决于不同的因素)”。故选B。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
The Science of Fear
Home alone at night, you hear a loud crash. In an instant your heart starts racing, your muscles tense and your breath quickens. You are immediately alert, prepared to fight or flee the source of the sound, which tums out to be a pile of books falling off that shelf you've been meaning to fix. ___16___
Fear is one of our strongest and most basic emotions. It's a big bad world out there, and being afraid of certain things protects us from potential danger to make sure we survive. Some evolutionary fears are hard-wired into our brains, but we can also develop new fears throughout our lives. As children we pick up on what makes our parents anxious, and we may also learn to fear certain things after negative experiences. ___17___ We can enjoy the view from the top of a skyscraper rather than worry about falling, or turn out the light-safe in the knowledge that a wolf won't swallow us in the night.
However, people with phobias have an extreme fear response that causes both physical and psychological suffering. ___18___ Agoraphobia is generally referred to as the fear of open spaces, but it applies to the dread of any situation that is difficult to escape from, or where help would not be available if something went wrong. Social phobia is the intense fear of interacting with people or performing, while specific phobias are the fear of a particular situation, activity or thing. ___19___ Somebody with acrophobia - an extreme fear of heights — may experience a panic attacl, stmpl trying to walk across a bridge. Depending on the cause of their phobia, sufferers often try their best to avoid situations that could affect them.
___20___ For example, somebody may develop cynophobia— the fear of dogs—after being bitten. But whether the cause is rational (理性的) or irrational, as soon as the brain notices a scary stimulus (刺激物), it activates the fight-or-flight response, thus preparing the body for action.
A. Then, how can it be overcome
B. These irrational fears can cause major disturbance to everyday life.
C. But in that moment, your brain and body reacted as if you were in extreme danger.
D. Despite this, most of us are able to ignore our fears when it's clear we aren't in any immediate danger.
E. Our brains warn us of the risks that might lie ahead, but then we often get prepared and overcome them.
F. These extreme fears are divided into three different groups: agoraphobia, social phobia and specific phobias.
G. The cause of phobias is not always clear, but many cases are linked to experiencing or witnessing unpleasant events.
【答案】16. C 17. D 18. F 19. B 20. G
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要描述了生活中我们产生恐惧的原因及恐惧的分类。
【详解】1.根据前文“You are immediately alert, prepared to fight or flee the source of the sound, which tums out to be a pile of books falling off that shelf you've been meaning to fix. ”（你要马上警惕起来，准备好要么反抗，要么逃离声音的来源，结果证明声音来自一堆从书架上掉下来的书，这个书架你一直想修好它。）可知，空白处可以承接上文描述在声音发生时你的感觉。选项C“但在那一刻，你的大脑和身体的反应，就好像你处于极度危险之中。”，that moment 指代前文 a pile of books falling off that shelf。与前文呼应，故选 C。
2.根据前文“As children we pick up on what makes our parents anxious, and we may also learn to fear certain things after negative experiences.”（当我们还是孩子的时候，我们知道什么让我们的父母感到焦虑，我们也可能在经历了消极的事情之后，学会害怕某些事情。）可知，有些恐惧是深植于我们脑海中的，有些是从父母亲处习得的。下文“We can enjoy the view from the top of a skyscraper rather than worry about falling, or turn out the light-safe in the knowledge that a wolf won't swallow us in the night.”（我们可以从摩天大楼的顶部欣赏风景，而不用担心会掉下来，或者关掉灯光保险箱，因为我们知道狼不会在晚上把我们吞下去。）举例证明我们清楚没有危险时，能克服内心恐惧的情况。所以该空为过渡句，承上启下。选项D“尽管如此，当我们清楚我们不处于危险中时，我们仍然能够忽略内心的恐惧。”符合题意，故选D。
3.根据下文“Agoraphobia is generally referred to as the fear of open spaces, but it applies to the dread of any situation that is difficult to escape from, or where help would not be available if something went wrong. Social phobia is the intense fear of interacting with people or performing, while specific phobias are the fear of a particular situation, activity or thing. ”（广场恐惧症通常被称为对开放空间的恐惧，但它适用于任何难以逃脱的情况的恐惧，或者如果出了问题就得不到帮助的情况。社交恐惧症是对与人交往或表演的强烈恐惧，而特定恐惧症是对特定情况、活动或事物的恐惧。）具体描述 agoraphobia, social phobia and specific phobias 三种情况，所以空白处应总说极度恐惧存在于三种情况。选项F“这些极端的恐惧被分为三类：广场恐惧症，社交恐惧症和特定恐惧症。”，故选F。
4.根据前文“Agoraphobia is generally referred to as the fear of open spaces, but it applies to the dread of any situation that is difficult to escape from, or where help would not be available if something went wrong. Social phobia is the intense fear of interacting with people or performing, while specific phobias are the fear of a particular situation, activity or thing. ”（广场恐惧症通常被称为对开放空间的恐惧，但它适用于任何难以逃脱的情况的恐惧，或者如果出了问题就得不到帮助的情况。社交恐惧症是对与人交往或表演的强烈恐惧，而特定恐惧症是对特定情况、活动或事物的恐惧。）举例这些恐惧给我们日常生活带来的干扰。选项B“这些不合理的恐惧会对日常生活造成很大的干扰。”These irrational fears 指代前文提到的 agoraphobia, social phobia and specific phobias。 故选 B。
5.空白处为本段的总起句，根据下文“For example, somebody may develop cynophobia— the fear of dogs—after being bitten. ”（例如，有人可能在被咬后患上犬恐惧症——对狗的恐惧。）举例说明恐惧症产生的原因可能和我们日常的一些不愉快的经历有关。 所以此处应总说恐惧症的原因可能会和我们的经历有关。选项G“恐惧症的原因并不总是很清楚，但许多病例都与经历或目睹不愉快的事件有关。”，故选 G。
第三部分 语言运用（共五节，满分45分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空处的最佳选项。
There are countless reasons to stay up late; however, here’s one good reason to go to bed.
The less a student sleeps every night, the lower their grade-point average (GPA) will be, according to a two-year study of the sleep habits of more than 600 students.
Researchers found that every lost hour of average nightly sleep at the start of an academic term was associated with a 0.07-point ____21____ in a student’s end-of-term GPA. When a student slept less than six hours a night, the ____22____ of lost sleep on a student’s grades was even more ____23____, said David Creswell, the lead author of the study.
“You’re ____24____ this sleep debt,” Creswell said. “And that has a pretty negative role ____25____ people’s academics.” Sleep, especially uninterrupted sleep, helps the brain ____26____ and memorize information it has learned. And when someone is sleep-deprived, attention span and memory are also damaged.
But students face a variety of “____27____ pressure” that keep them up late, Creswell said. The average student in the sample group ____28____ fell asleep at about 12:00 p.m. and these students slept about 6 hours a night.
It’s not clear why less sleep would cause someone to have a lower GPA, Creswell said. Sleeping for longer, ____29____ periods of time allows for REM sleep, a period of unconscious rapid eye movement that corresponds with high activity in the brain. Creswell said he ____30____ that a regular pattern of ____31____ sleep creates a “sleep debt” over time, leaving students unable to concentrate. “These students are going to attend their class with a ton of sleep debt, and they’re having trouble staying focused and ____32____ in classrooms,” Creswell said. “Those things can really harm your ability to really ____33____ with the material. What’s more, sleep is so important that it is like the ____34____ that holds students’ lives together in lots of aspects.”
“Fundamentally, it ____35____: If we’re not sleeping well, all systems are not a go,” Creswell said. “Our body is not prepared for the day ahead of us and what we’re asking it to do if we don’t have that good, basic amounts of night-time sleep.”
21 A. drop B. addition C. rise D. consistency
22. A. efficiency B. effect C. cause D. advantage
23. A. primitive B. various C. distinct D. contrary
24. A. demonstrating B. accusing C. relieving D. accumulating
25. A. in a state of B. in association with C. in terms of D. in line with
26. A. prohibit B. process C. produce D. privilege
27. A. competing B. comprehending C. complicating D. comparing
28. A. typically B. briefly C. violently D. subsequently
29. A. uninterrupted B. unconstrained C. undetermined D. unemployed
30. A. sustains B. suspends C. suspects D. shifts
31. A. improper B. adequate C. extraordinary D. insufficient
32. A. building B. returning C. learning D. emerging
33. A. engage B. elevate C. evolve D. evaluate
34. A. glance B. gesture C. grade D. glue
35. A. comes up to B. comes down to C. goes in for D. gets down to
【答案】21. A 22. B 23. C 24. D 25. C 26. B 27. A 28. A 29. A 30. C 31. D 32. C 33. A 34. D 35. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。一项睡眠习惯与学业成绩关系的研究显示，学生每晚睡得越少，他们的平均成绩就越低。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究人员发现，在学期开始时，平均每晚睡眠时间每减少一小时，学生期末的平均绩点就会下降0.07分。A. drop下降；B.addition增加；C. rise上升；D. consistency一贯。根据上文的“The less a student sleeps every night, the lower their grade-point average will be, according to a two-year study of the sleep habits of more than 600 students.”可知，一项对600多名学生的睡眠习惯进行的为期两年的研究显示，学生每晚睡得越少，他们的平均成绩就越低，因此此处学生平均每晚睡眠时间减少一小时，学生期末的平均绩点就会下降0.07分，故选A。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：该研究的主要作者David Creswell说，当学生每晚睡眠不足6小时时，睡眠不足对学生成绩的影响更为明显。A. efficiency效率；B. effect影响；C. cause原因；D. advantage优势。根据上文的“The less a student sleeps every night, the lower their grade-point average (GPA) will be, according to a two-year study of the sleep habits of more than 600 students.”和后文的“of lost sleep on a student’s grades”可知，此处指睡眠不足对学生成绩的影响，应用固定搭配effect on sth(对某事的影响)，故选B。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：该研究的主要作者David Creswell说，当学生每晚睡眠不足6小时时，睡眠不足对学生成绩的影响更为明显。A. primitive原始的；B. various不同的；C.distinct明显的；D. contrary相反的。根据上文的“Researchers found that every lost hour of average nightly sleep at the start of an academic term was associated with a 0.07-point...in a student’s end-of-term GPA. ”和“When a student slept less than six hours a night, the...of lost sleep on a student’s grades was even...”可知，学生每晚睡得越少，他们的平均成绩就越低，所以当学生每晚睡眠不足6小时时，睡眠不足对学生成绩的影响更为明显，even是提示词，故选C。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：克雷斯韦尔说，“你正在积累睡眠债”。A.demonstrating展示；B. accusing指责；C. relieving缓解；D. accumulating积累。根据上文的“When a student slept less than six hours a night, the...of lost sleep on a student’s grades was even more...”可知，睡的越少，对成绩的影响越大，即在睡眠方面积累了债务，亏欠的睡眠时间越来越多，故选D。
【25题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：这对人们的学术产生了极大的负面影响。A. in a state of处于某种状态；B. in association with与……有关；C. in terms of就……而言；D. in line with与……一致。根据上文的“You’re...this sleep debt”可知，亏欠的睡眠时间越来越多，对成绩的影响越大，即就人们的学术而言，睡眠不足有相当负面的影响，故选C。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：睡眠，尤其是不受干扰的睡眠，有助于大脑处理和记忆所学的信息。A.prohibit禁止；B. process处理；C. produce生产；D. privilege给予特权。根据后文的“ And when someone is sleep-deprived, attention span and memory are also damaged.”可知，当一个人睡眠不足时，注意力持续时间和记忆力也会受到损害，因此不受干扰的睡眠才有助于大脑处理和记忆所学的信息，故选B。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是学生们面临着各种各样的“竞争压力”，这些压力使他们熬夜，克雷斯韦尔说。A. competing竞争；B. comprehending理解；C. complicating复杂化；D. comparing比较。根据后文的“keep them up late ”以及常识可知，导致学生熬夜的是竞争压力，故选A。
【28题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：样本组的普通学生在午夜12点左右入睡，这些学生每晚睡约6个小时。A.typically通常地；B. Briefly简短地；C.violently暴力地；D. subsequently随后。根据后文的“these students slept about 6 hours a night”可知，参与调查的学生通常在午夜左右上床睡觉，故选A。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：长时间不间断的睡眠允许快速眼动睡眠，这是一段无意识的快速眼球运动，与大脑的高活动相对应。A. uninterrupted连续的；B.unconstrained不受约束的；C. undetermined待定的；D. unemployed失业的。根据上文的“Sleeping for longer”可知，长时间睡眠意味着不间断的睡眠，故选A。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：克雷斯韦尔说，他怀疑长期睡眠不足会造成“睡眠债”，导致学生无法集中注意力。A. sustains支撑；B. suspends暂停；C. suspects怀疑；D. shifts改变。根据前文的“It’s not clear why less sleep would cause someone to have a lower GPA, Creswell said. ”可知，克雷斯韦尔在研究睡眠不足和学业成绩下降之间的联系，但不清楚是什么情况，因此他认为长期睡眠不足会造成“睡眠债”，导致学生无法集中注意力，是克雷斯韦尔提出的怀疑，故选C。
【31题详解】
考查词词义辨析。句意：克雷斯韦尔说，他怀疑长期睡眠不足会造成“睡眠债”，导致学生无法集中注意力。A. improper不恰当的；B. adequate足够的；C. extraordinary非凡的；D. insufficient不充分的。根据前文的“When a student slept less than six hours a night”可知，睡眠债是因为睡眠不足导致的，故选D项。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：克雷斯韦尔说，“这些学生背负着沉重的睡眠债去上课，他们在课堂上很难保持专注和学习”。A. building建造；B. returning返回；C. learning学习；D. emerging出现。根据前文的“The less a student sleeps every night, the lower their grade-point average (GPA) will be, according to a two-year study of the sleep habits of more than 600 students.”学生的成绩下降是因为无法在课堂上保持专注和学习，故选C。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些东西真会损害你真正与所学内容互动的能力。A. engage参与；B. elevate提升；C. evolve进化；D. evaluate评价。根据上文的“ These students are going to attend their class with a ton of sleep debt, and they’re having trouble staying focused and...in classrooms”可知，学生背负着沉重的睡眠债去上课，他们在课堂上很难保持专注和学习，所以睡眠不足会损害你真正与所学内容互动的能力，engage with表示“与……互动”，故选A。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：更重要的是，睡眠非常重要，它就像胶水一样，在很多方面把学生的生活联系在一起。A. glance瞥见；B. gesture姿势；C. grade成绩；D. glue胶水。根据后文的“that holds students’ lives together in lots of aspects”可知，把学生们的生活在许多领域联系在一起，因此把睡眠比作了胶水，故选D。
【35题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：克雷斯韦尔说，“归根结底，如果我们睡得不好，所有的系统都不会起作用”。A. comes up to接近；B. comes down to归结为；C. goes in for参与，从事；D. gets down to开始做某事。根据后文的“If we’re not sleeping well, all systems are not a go”可知如果我们睡得不好，所有的系统都不会起作用，这是总结睡眠对生活的影响，故选B。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Chinese character zhen(振), meaning “vitalize”, was named the nation’s most popular character related to domestic affairs in 2023, while the character wei(危), meaning “risk” or “crisis”, was chosen as ____36____ (hot) for international topics. The characters are ____37____ a list of popular words, as well as phrases, collected in an annual ____38____ (assess) organized by agencies including the Ministry of Education’s National Language Resources Monitoring and Research Center and the Commercial Press publishing house.
Organizers explained that “vitalize” represents a current situation in China ____39____ everyone is trying to make an effort, and that’s the spirit one should have, whether it’s a country or an individual, when ____40____ (face) challenges and obstacles.
Meanwhile, it pointed out that internationally, the world’s path has come to ____41____ crossroads amid wars and conflicts, sluggish economies, a widening gap of development and a worsening environment. Organizers called for looking for opportunities ____42____ (hide) in the crises, and using dialogue and cooperation to handle differences in order to build a fair, better world.
In addition to characters, “gaozhiliang fazhan”, or high-quality development, ____43____ (choose) as the key domestic phrase of the year, ____44____ ChatGPT was named the annual phrase in international topics.
This year marked the 18th time for such a list _____45_____ (publish). Over the last month, the same organizers also revealed the top 10 popular phrases, online catchphrases and new words.
【答案】36. the hottest
37. among 38. assessment
39. where 40. facing
41. a 42. hidden
43. was chosen
44. while 45. to be published
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了2023年中国国内和国际上最受欢迎的汉字和词汇。
【36题详解】
考查形容词最高级。句意：“振兴”一词被评为2023年国内最受欢迎的汉字，“危”一词则被评为国际话题最热门的汉字。根据上文“the nation’s most popular character( 国内最受欢迎的汉字)”可推理出空白处应使用形容词的最高级，故填the hottest。
【37题详解】
考查介词。句意：这些字符是由教育部国家语言资源监测与研究中心和商务印书馆等机构组织的年度评估中收集的流行单词和短语列表之一。根据下文“a list of popular words, as well as phrases (流行单词和短语列表)”可推理出空白处应填表示“在……中”含义的介词，故填among。
【38题详解】
考查名词。句意：同上。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作宾语，使用名词，故填assessment。
【39题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：组织者解释说，“振兴”代表了中国的现状，每个人都在努力，这是一个人在面临挑战和障碍时应该具备的精神，无论是国家还是个人。分析句子结构，这是一个以a current situation in China为先行词的定语从句，因先行词在定语从句中做状语表示地点，使用关系副词where引导定语从句，故填where。
【40题详解】
考查状语从句的省略。句意：同上。分析可知，when应连接时间状语，可以是时间状语从句，由于和主句主语一致，因此可以省略主语和be动词，使用“when doing”结构，故填facing。
【41题详解】
考查冠词。句意：同时，报告指出，在国际上，世界道路已在战争和冲突、经济低迷、发展差距扩大和环境恶化中走到十字路口。分析句子结构，空白处后面有名词，根据冠词的用法，名词前需使用不定冠词，表示“一个”含义，因空白处后面词的第一个发音音素为辅音，故填a。
【42题详解】
考查形容词。句意：组织者呼吁寻找隐藏在危机中的机会，并利用对话与合作来处理分歧，以建设一个公平、更美好的世界。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作后置定语，因与其逻辑主语opportunities之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，使用v-ed形式的形容词，故填hidden。
【43题详解】
考查被动语态。句意：除了文字，“高质量发展”被选为年度国内重点短语，而ChatGPT被评为年度国际主题短语。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作谓语，且与主语之间为被动关系，使用被动语态，因句子表示的过去发生的动作，谓语动词使用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was chosen。
【44题详解】
考查连词。句意：同上。根据上文“In addition to characters, “gaozhiliang fazhan”, or high-quality development, was chosen as the key domestic phrase of the year (除了文字，“高质量发展”被选年度国内重点短语)”以及下文“ChatGPT was named the annual phrase in international topics (ChatGPT被评为年度国际主题短语)”可知，上下文之间在对两个事物进行对比，使用连词while连接，故填while。
【45题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：今年是第18次公布这样的名单。根据上文“for such a list”可知此处使用了动词不定式的复合结构，空白处填动词不定式，因与其逻辑主语list之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，使用动词不定式的被动式，故填to be published。
第三节（共5小题：每小题1分，满分5分）
选择并使用所给英语单词的正确形式完成句子，有两个单词为多余词。
automatic disaster resist equip divide threaten incredible
46. Such dangers can have ______ outcomes not only for the sites themselves, but also for people.
47. Relative poverty did not prevent Martin from ______ himself with an excellent education.
48. Cutting food intake by half is an ______ difficult thing for anyone to do — it’s no wonder that losing weight is no easy task.
49. The more pesticides are used, the more ______ the insects become; so the more pesticides have to be used.
50. There are ______ among historians over when exactly the construction began, but no one can deny the fact that it is a magnificent building.
【答案】46. disastrous
47. equipping
48. incredibly
49. resistant
50. divisions
【解析】
【46题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这样的危险不仅会给场地本身带来灾难性的后果，也会给人们带来灾难性的后果。分析句子可知，空处应为形容词，作定语修饰名词“outcomes”；disaster为名词，意为“灾难”，disastrous为形容词，表示“灾难性的”，符合句意。故填disastrous。
【47题详解】
考查动名词。句意：相对贫穷并没有妨碍马丁接受良好的教育。动词短语prevent sb from doing表示“阻止某人做某事”，故空处应为动名词形式，作宾语；equip为动词，表示“装备、配备”，动词短语equip sb with sth表示“使某人具备”，符合句意。故填equipping。
【48题详解】
考查副词。句意：将食物摄入量减少一半对任何人来说都是一件极其困难的事情——难怪减肥不是一件容易的事。分析句子可知，空处应为副词，修饰形容词“difficult”，作状语；incredible为形容词，意为“不可思议的、极大的”，incredibly为副词，表示“不可思议地、非常”，incredibly difficult表示“极其困难”，符合句意。故填incredibly。
【49题详解】
考查形容词。句意：使用的杀虫剂越多，昆虫的抵抗力就越强，所以必须使用更多的杀虫剂。分析句子可知，空处应为形容词，作表语；resist为动词，意为“抵抗、抵制”，resistant为形容词，表示“有抵抗力的”，符合句意。故填resistant。
【50题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：历史学家对这座建筑的确切建造时间存在分歧，但没有人能否认这是一座宏伟的建筑。根据“There are”可知，空处应为名词复数，作主语；divide为动词，意为“分隔、使产生分歧”，division表示“分歧”，为可数名词，符合句子和句意，此处用复数泛指。故填divisions。
第四节（共10小题；每小题0.5分，满分5分）
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
51. He was threatened with ______ (dismiss) if he continued to turn up late for work. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】dismissal
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：他受到威胁说，如果他上班继续迟到，就会被解雇。此处使用dismiss的名词作宾语，需要的词义为“解雇”，故填dismissal。
52. After being criticized by his teacher, the boy made a resolution ______ (submit) his assignment on time. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】to submit
【解析】
【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：被老师批评后，这个男孩决心按时交作业。分析句子结构可知，submit在句子中不作为谓语动词使用，使用动词不定式作定语修饰resolution，make a resolution to do意为“下定决心做某事”，故填to submit。
53. The flesh of this kind of fish had ______ (except) delicacy and he couldn’t help eating a lot. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】unexpected
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：这种鱼的肉有一种意想不到的美味，他忍不住吃了很多。空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语，根据句意，应是unexpected意为“出乎意料的”符合语境。故填unexpected。
54. The old gentleman decided to help the young boy, ______ (convince) that he was innocent. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】convinced
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：老先生确信这个小男孩是无辜的，于是决定帮助他。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作状语，使用非谓语动词，因与其逻辑主语The old gentleman之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，使用过去分词，故填convinced。
55. With coral reefs ______ threat from climate change the scientists are now advocating fewer people on islands to protect some of the most diverse ecosystems in the ocean. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】under
【解析】
【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：由于珊瑚礁受到气候变化的威胁，科学家们现在提倡减少岛屿上的人口，以保护海洋中一些最多样化的生态系统。under threat固定搭配，意为“受到威胁”，故under。
56. When asked, the boy said that he didn’t have any idea ______ is actually going on in the classroom. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】what
【解析】
【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：当被问到这个问题时，这个男孩说他不知道教室里到底发生了什么。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导同位语从句，从句中缺少主语，表示“某事”，因此使用what引导同位语从句解释名词 idea，故填what。
57. We were all very grateful to John, _________ help contributed greatly to our success. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】whose
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们都很感谢约翰，他的帮助对我们的成功贡献很大。分析句子结构可知，空处需用关系词引导非限制性定语从句；先行词是John，指人，关系词在定语从句中作定语，表示所属关系，意为“……的”，所以空处需用关系代词whose引导定语从句。故填whose。
58. People tend to be more aggressive when they're young and more _________ (conserve) as they get older.
【答案】conservative
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：人们在年轻的时候会变得更加好斗，随着年龄的增长，他们会变得更加保守。作表语，应用形容词conservative 保守的。故填conservative。
59. Their efforts helped develop and strengthen harmonious relations with these countries and regions, ______ (expose) foreign people to Chinese culture. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】exposing
【解析】
【详解】考查现在分词。句意：他们的努力有助于发展和加强与这些国家和地区的和谐关系，使外国人民了解中国文化。分析句子结构可知，expose在句子中不作为谓语动词使用，“Their efforts helped develop and strengthen harmonious relations with these countries and regions”与expose之间为主动关系，因此使用expose的现在分词作结果状语，故填exposing。
60. Politicians dress up their ambition as a ______ (pursue) of the public good. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】pursuit
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：政客们把他们的野心装扮成追求公共利益。此处应用名词pursuit作宾语，由a可知，应用单数，故填pursuit。
第五节（共10小题；每小题0.5分，满分5分）
根据句意和所给汉语提示，用适当的英文短语完成句子。
61. Recent research has ______ (进一步了解) the causes of the disease. （根据汉语提示补全句子）
【答案】cast new light on
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和固定搭配。句意：最近的研究使人们对这种疾病的起因有了新的认识。“进一步了解……；对……有新的认识”为固定搭配cast new light on，由has和句意可知，句子用现在完成时，cast的过去分词还是cast，故填cast new light on。
62. I ______(努力解决，全力解决) the problem for weeks, but I haven’t found a solution yet. （根据汉语提示补全句子）
【答案】have wrestled with
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语和时态。句意：我已经全力解决这个问题好几个星期了，但还没有找到解决办法。根据汉语提示“努力解决，全力解决”可知，此处为动词短语wrestle with，结合“for weeks”可知，使用现在完成时，主语为I，助动词用have。故填have wrestled with。
63. The secretary spent the whole afternoon ______(理顺，整理) all the files and kept detailed accounts as her boss had arranged. （根据汉语提示补全句子）
【答案】sorting out
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语。句意：秘书花了一下午的时间整理所有的文件，并按照老板的安排详细记账。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用动词短语sort out，spend time doing sth.“花费时间做某事”，应用-ing形式。故填sorting out。
64. The government will look into reforming the education system and make it work better, both ______ (为了…的好处，为…的利益) students and society. （根据汉语提示补全句子）
【答案】for the benefits of
【解析】
【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：政府将考虑改革教育制度，使其更好地发挥作用，这既有利于学生，也有利于社会。“为了……的好处，为了……的利益”为固定搭配for the benefit of，由students和society可知，benefit应用复数，故填for the benefits of。
65. With everything ______(准备就绪), the rescue team set off for the mountain to search for the lost passenger. （根据汉语提示补全句子）
【答案】in place
【解析】
【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：一切准备就绪后，救援队就出发去山上寻找失踪的乘客。根据汉语提示“准备就绪”可知，此处为介词短语in place。故填in place。
66. Considering these negative effects of low gravity has on the human body, the astronauts ______（严格要求自己）do at least two hours of exercise every day. （根据汉语提示补全句子）
【答案】discipline themselves to
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语和时态。句意：考虑到低重力对人体的这些负面影响，宇航员们要求自己每天至少锻炼两个小时。根据汉语提示，所设空处意为“严格要求自己”，可使用固定短语discipline oneself to，其中反身代词指的是astronauts，则反身代词应该使用 themselves，陈述客观事实，discipline使用一般现在时， astronauts为复数意义，故填discipline themselves to。
67. What the government should ______(不遗余力，竭尽全力) to do is raise the public awareness of the animals in danger. （根据汉语提示补全句子）
【答案】spare no effort
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语。句意：政府应该不遗余力地做的是提高公众对濒危动物的意识。空前是情态动词，所以空处应填动词原形，根据所给中文提示，应是spare no effort意为“不遗余力，竭尽全力”。故填spare no effort。
68. ______(与…相反) popular history books, most academic books tend to adopt a more serious approach to studying history. （根据汉语提示补全句子）
【答案】Contrary to
【解析】
【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：与通俗历史书籍相反，大多数学术书籍倾向于采用更严肃的方法来研究历史。“与……相反”为固定搭配be contrary to，此处在句中作状语，去掉be动词，应用形容词短语作状语，句首单词首字母大写，故填Contrary to。
69. The crowds stood there for several hours, with the sun ______（强烈照射）on them. （根据汉语提示补全句子）
【答案】beating down
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语和非谓语动词。句意：人群在那里站了几个小时，太阳强烈照射在他们身上。根据介词“with”可知，空处应为非谓语动词；动词短语beat down on表示“强烈照射到”，符合句子和句意，与“the sun”之间为主动关系，故应用现在分词作宾补。故填beating down。
70. He was found ______（拥有，占有）stolen goods and taken to court. （根据汉语提示补全句子）
【答案】in possession of
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：他被发现持有赃物，并被送上法庭。根据汉语提示，所设空处意为“拥有，占有”，可使用固定短语in possession of，故填in possession of。
第四部分 写作（满分25分）
71. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
My family moved in a small house in Brighton, Colorado on my seventh birthday. My first memory is our neighbor Bill, an old man, handing me strawberries from his garden through a hole in the chain-link fence. “We need to make the hole bigger,” he said jokingly. Later I knew that he lived alone.
Bill spent much time working in the garden, and I was always talking to him from our yard. I was a chatterbox. I think what drew me to Bill is that he never got tired of listening to me. I also think Bill saw a lot of himself in me — we were both lonely and anxious — and that may be why he always took the time to listen to me. It was a wonderful connection.
There weren’t any kids of my age in the neighborhood, and my parents were very busy, so I mostly played in the yard with my dog. I had a lot of imaginary friends — a whole family, actually, with a wife, children, a best friend... no joke. Weird kid.
One day, my parents asked Bill whether he’d watch me while they were away on business. This worked for everyone, so it became a somewhat monthly occurrence. Bill had a spare room in his house, which became “my” room.
Bill promised to teach me to drive the lawn tractor(割草机) someday and I was always looking forward to it. In winter, Bill would attach a snowplow(铲雪机) to the front of the dawn tractor. I seriously told him that I would invent a better snowplow when I grew up. “Sure you will. You’ll get a patent certificate. It takes a certificate to prove an important thing,” Bill said with a smile.
One snowy morning, an idea suddenly hit me. My parents were watching TV when I spit it out, “What if I adopted Bill as my grandpa ” My parents said I could go over and ask him.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I knocked on his door, sat down in his living room, and asked, “Can I adopt you as my grandpa ”
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The next morning, while learning to drive the lawn tractor with a snowplow, I accidentally plowed down our chain-link fence.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】I knocked on his door, sat down in his living room, and asked, “Can I adopt you as my grandpa ” Bill stood frozen for a little while before a broad smile came across his face. Then I saw tears in his eyes. He wrapped me in his arms and buried his face in my coat to hide his tears, his voice trembling, “Of course, sweetheart! I’m so happy to be your grandpa!” Soon after, Bill printed out an adoption certificate and hung it on the wall of “my” room. Gazing at the snow outside, Bill said to me excitedly, “It’s time to learn how to drive a lawn tractor.”
The next morning, while learning to drive the lawn tractor with a snowplow, I accidentally plowed down our chain-link fence. I was almost frightened to tears, but Bill just chuckled in his laid-back way and comforted me, “Don’t worry, Grandson. I have already planned to change a fence.” We eventually replaced it with a nice, tall wooden fence. My dad and Bill installed it together. What impressed me most was that there was a door on the fence, which definitely strengthened our connection. Underneath, I knew that we were a true family now.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者全家搬到了科罗拉多州布莱顿的一所小房子里，附近没有作者这个年龄的孩子，作者的父母也很忙，所以作者大部分时间都在院子里和狗狗玩耍，作者认识了邻居一位老人，并且与之成了朋友，最后突发奇想认老人当自己的爷爷的故事。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我敲了他的门，坐在他的客厅里，问道：‘我可以认你做我的爷爷吗？’”可知，第一段可描写老人听到作者提议后的反应。
②由第二段首句内容“第二天早上，我在用扫雪机学习开草坪拖拉机的时候，不小心把我家的铁链围栏给犁倒了。”可知，第二段可描写老人之后和作者一家的相处情况。
2.续写线索：提出认老人当爷爷——老人同意且非常激动——老人帮助作者建篱笆——两家加强联系
3.词汇激活
行为类
1.搂在怀里：wrap sb. in one’s arms/hold sb. in one’s arms
2.取代：replace sth. with sth./substitute sth. for sth.
3.安装：install/ fix
情绪类
1.高兴：happy/glad
2.兴奋：excitedly/feverishly
【点睛】[高分句型1] What impressed me most was that there was a door on the fence, which definitely strengthened our connection. (运用了what引导的主语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] Underneath, I knew that we were a true family now. (运用了that引导的宾语从句)
