江西省广丰中学2023-2024学年高一上学期期末考试英语试卷
考试范围：人教版（2019）必修第一册；考试时间：120分钟
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题：每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
How many brothers does the woman have
A. 1. B. 2. C. 3.
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What does the woman think pretty
A. The city. B. The snow. C. The car.
3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Who might Mary be
A. The woman’s dog. B. The man’s daughter. C. The man’s neighbor.
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What does the man want to do tonight
A. Watch football on TV. B. Buy some books. C. Go to a basketball game.
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What are the speakers mainly talking about
A. The smell of roses.
B. A relaxing way.
C. The man’s private garden.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1. 5分，满分22. 5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
6. What are the speakers talking about
A. A new designer. B. New products. C. Newly-designed posters.
7. What is Lisa
A. An artist. B. A team leader. C. A product manager.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
8 Why is Susie raising money
A. To fix a parking lot. B. To help the Children’s Home. C. To build a new kitchen for the club.
9. How will Susie collect more money according to Tommy
A. By washing cars. B. By selling cookies. C. By having a yard sale.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
10 Who is the man
A. A musician. B. A tourist. C. A reporter.
11. Why won’t the concerts be held at the Government Stadium
A. It costs more. B. It is too small. C. It is an open-air stadium.
12. What’s the woman doing
A. Doing a research. B. Asking for advice. C. Having an interview.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
13. What did NASA call the area
A. The Light of Venezuela.
B. The Lightning Capital of the World.
C. The Never-ending Storm of Catatumbo.
14. What causes so many storms in this area
A. The warm ocean current.
B. The strong mountain winds.
C. The special geographical location.
15. How many local people get struck by the lightning every year
A. About 12%. B. About 30%. C. About 70%.
16. What can we learn from the conversation
A. The man is afraid of lightening very much.
B. The locals are surprisingly fearless of lighting.
C. About 12,000 American people get hit in their lifetime.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
17. Where did the speaker move things from the yard
A. Into the garage. B. Into the basement. C. Into the storeroom.
18. What did the speaker buy
A. Some flashlights. B. A radio. C. Food and water.
19. How strong was the wind most times
A. About 80 miles an hour.
B. About 90 miles an hour.
C. About 100 miles an hour.
20. What did the speaker do most of the time during the hurricane
A. She listened to the news on the radio.
B. She looked after her husband.
C. She stayed in the bathroom.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑
A
A quick increase of dopamine (多巴胺) shifts mice into a dreamy stage of sleep. In the mice’s brains, the chemical messenger triggers rapid-eye-movement sleep, or REM, researchers report in the March 4 Science.
These new results are some of the first to show a trigger for the shifts. Understanding these transitions in more de tail could ultimately point to ways to treat sleep disorders in people.
Certain nerve cells in the ventral tegmental area of the mouse brain can pump out dopamine, a molecule that has been linked to pleasure, movement and learning, which is then delivered dopamine to the amygdalae, two almond-shaped structures deep in the brain that are closely tied to emotions.
Using a molecular sensor that can tell exactly when and where dopamine is released, the researchers saw that dopamine levels rose in the amygdala e just before mice shifted from non-REM sleep to REM sleep.
Next, the researchers forced the mice into the REM phase by controlling those dopamine-producing nerve cells using lasers and genetic pelled with light, the nerve cells released dopamine in the amygdalae while mice were in non-REM sleep. The mice then shifted into REM sleep sooner than they typically did, after an average of about two minutes compared with about eight minutes for mice that weren’t prompted to release dopamine. Stimulating these cells every half hour increased the mice’s total amount of REM sleep.
Additional experiments suggest that these dopamine-making nerve cells may also be involved in aspects of narcolepsy (嗜睡症). A sudden loss of muscle tone, called cataplexy, shares features with REM sleep and can accompany narcolepsy. Stimulating these dopamine-making nerve cells while mice were awake caused the mice to stop moving and fall directly into REM sleep.
The results help clarify a trigger for REM in mice; whether a similar thing happens in people isn’t known. Earlier studies have found that nerve cells in people’s amygdala e are active during REM sleep.
Many questions remain. Drugs that change dopamine levels in people don’t seem to have big effects on REM sleep and cataplexy. But these drugs affect the whole brain, and it’s possible that they are just not selective enough.
21. What can we learn from this passage
A. People with sleep disorders could benefit from the research.
B. Dopamine is generated in two almond-shaped structures.
C. Dopamine levels rose after mice shifted to REM sleep.
D. An increase of dopamine can trigger REM in people.
22. The underlined word “they” in the last paragraph refers to ______.
A. the entire brain
B. REM sleep and cataplexy
C. drugs affecting dopamine levels
D. people suffering from sleep disorders
23. What is the main purpose of the passage
A. To introduce two stages of sleep of all animals.
B. To explain dopamine as a trigger for REM in mice.
C. To present a new way to cure sleep disorders in people.
D. To propose a pioneer research interest in brain structure.
B
In the past generations, our ancestors (祖先) lived with the simplest way. When science and technology materialize, there are various developments in the world that change and improve the way of living of people. As years go by, more and more innovations (创新) were created by applying the ideas of science and technologies. Most of these have positive effects on the society but some of these are harmful in certain ways. However, the importance of science and technology can’t be denied.
Science and innovation have mainly affected society, and their effect is developing. It makes life simpler and makes people more gainful. This change has positive and negative effects. The benefit is making life simpler while the other side is that it makes individuals needy and lazier. By making life simpler, science has allowed man to seek for cultural concerns to improve human conditions.
Science and technology can shape the general public we live in very well and can make us feel simpler, safer and increasingly gainful. However, it also can be used wrongly, which can harm many blameless lives. We must think for our own progress as well as for the improvement of each person of this planet that we call our own home.
In short, science and innovation have made a great contribution to our lives. They may also be related to us greatly. In this way, their effects will depend on how we follow up on them. In addition, if we see the more brilliant side of innovation, it is the foundation of national construction.
24. What does the underlined word “materialize” in paragraph 1 mean
A. Return. B. Appear. C. Stay. D. go.
25. What is the author’s attitude towards science and technologies
A. Unclear. B. Negative. C. Doubtful. D. Objective.
26. Which of the following is the effect of science
A. A better living condition. B. People becoming less adaptive.
C. People becoming determined. D. A colorful history.
27. What should we do when using science and technology
A. Improve studying standard. B. Help the disabled.
C. Think for other people. D. Treat wildlife equally.
C
Frozen in time, a 125-million-year-old mammal attacking a dinosaur. A 39-million-year-old whale, the heaviest animal that ever lived. The oldest known jellyfish, from 505 million years ago. Paleontology (古生物学) produces newsworthy discoveries.
Fossils (化石), moreover, provide direct evidence for the long history of life, allowing paleontologists to test hypotheses (假设) about evolution with data only they provide. They allow investigation of present and past life on Earth. Flows of biological diversity, appearances of new life forms and the extinctions of long existing ones, would go undiscovered without these efforts. But the headlines over exciting new fossils greatly underestimate the true importance of paleontology. Its real significance lies in how such discoveries brighten the grand history of life on Earth. From its beginnings, more than three billion years ago, to the present day, fossils record how life adapted or disappeared in the face of major environmental challenges.
Paleontologists provide us with a unique vantage on modern climate change. They play an essential role in interpreting ancient environments, in reconstructing ancient oceans, continents and climates. Fossils provide key limitation on the climate models that are essential for predicting future climate change. And the fossil record gives important insights into how life will respond to predicted future climate conditions, because these have occurred before in Earth’s history.
In addition, paleontology has provided a fundamental contribution to human thought: the reality of species extinction and thus of a world that has dramatically changed over time. In documenting the history of life, paleontologists recognized that many extinction episodes could occur suddenly, such as the event 66 million years ago that ended the dinosaurs. The search for the causes of past mass extinctions started pioneering studies from across the scientific spectrum (科学界), focusing on potential future threats to humanity.
Not only do paleontologists know what happens to life when things go bad, they also know how long it takes for ecosystems and biodiversity to recover from these disasters, which can take far longer than modern humans have existed.
Paleontologists thus provide a unique perspective on the nature and future long-term ecological impact of the current human-produced biodiversity crisis, the so-called Sixth Extinction, and therefore the importance of protecting modern biodiversity. The very concept of a Sixth Extinction would not exist without paleontologists documenting the first five.
Paleontologists know that understanding life’s past is critical to anticipating and adapting to life’s and humanity’s future. Paleontology is important because it brings its unique and critical perspective to current challenges in climate change, biodiversity loss and the environment. Paleontologists can predict the future because they know the past.
28. The first two paragraphs are written to _______.
A. describe an event B. raise a question
C. present an opinion D. make a comparison
29. What does the underlined word “vantage” in Paragraph 3 mean
A. A positive effect. B. A valuable suggestion.
C. A quick decision. D. A comprehensive view.
30. Which of the following would the author agree with
A. Ecological recovery takes shorter than imagined.
B. Past lessons can help to predict the future threats.
C. Paleontologists can handle the biodiversity crisis.
D. Fossil studies focus on the causes of mass extinctions.
31. What’s the best title for the passage
A. Paleontology: A Pioneering Study
B. Paleontology: A History Recorder
C. Paleontology Tells More About Nature Than Humans
D. Paleontology Is Far More Than New Fossil Discoveries
D
Instead of being addicted to smartphones and games, Zhang Yixuan prefers to spend his summer vacation walking in nature, meeting with little creatures like shrimps and crabs (蟹).
The 17-year-old boy went viral on Sina Weibo recently for his knowledge of biology, which led him to discover a new species of freshwater crabs of Sinolapotamon in 2022.
Zhang’s father, who was born in a rural area, loved catching fish and crabs himself at an early age, so Zhang was always taken outdoors by his parents to explore as much as possible and observe little creatures quietly without being interrupted. Now a grade 12 student at Yulin High School, Guangxi Zhuang autonomous reg on, Zhang has dozens of “living treasures” that he has collected from the outdoors, including insects, fish, shrimps and crabs.
“This one is a species of Nanhaipotamon that I caught in a mountainous area,” said Zhang, pointing to a bright-colored crab moving its amusing eyes around. “You can see it just shed its shell.” There is also a row of empty bottles and jars in Zhang’s room to store his specimens. “I can notice the small differences between two shrimps, and then I take them back to my room for further observation,” said Zhang.
It is the microscope his father bought him that makes the bedroom look more like a mini biology lab than anything else. It’s a place where Zhang can devote himself to identifying shrimps or observing crabs day and night. With the help of his microscope, Zhang concentrates on exploring the natural world. Sometimes he spends hours simply examining a piece of fish scale, the leg of a crab or the antenna of an insect. He often works so late that his parents have to force him to go to bed.
“I’m often amazed by what I see while placing these tiny and fragile things under the microscope. No matter how unimportant an insect is, each life is so delicately and uniquely organized,” said Zhang.
32. What made Zhang popular on Sina Weibo
A. His love of biology.
B. His videos of outdoor adventures.
C. His collection of “living treasures”.
D. His discovery of a new type of crab.
33. What inspired Zhang’s interest in exploring nature
A. His father’s early job.
B. A crab he once caught.
C. His school’s field trips.
D. His childhood experiences.
34. What does paragraph 5 mainly talk about
A Zhang’s tools for observations.
B. Zhang’s achievements in biology.
C. Zhang’s mini biology lab at home.
D. Zhang’s addiction to his specimens.
35 Which of the following best describes Zhang
A. Honest and energetic.
B. Outgoing and adventurous.
C. Curious and hard-working.
D. Knowledgeable and thankful.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分）
Too often, doctors and others tell a patient suffering from a stress related disorder that she or he must spend some time relaxing. ____36____ In fact, just sitting in front of the TV set and trying to ignore the day’s problems don’t make much effect. To deal effectively with stress and cope efficiently with anxiety, you’ll have to use the power of your own mind constructively. To do this, one of the best ways is to boost your self-confidence. Lacking self-confidence, you will probably worry about disastrous things happening to you. ____37____ In such circumstances, you should replace negative, damaging feelings of failure with positive feelings of success.
Take a piece of paper and a pencil, and try writing down good words that describe you, such as honest, thoughtful, hard working, considerate, kind, ambitious, creative and so on. ____38____ Your parents, your friends, your interests, your achievements, and particularly your memories. You will probably be surprised to find how many things there are that you can be proud of!
Don’t worry about making mistakes. ____39____ If you accept challenges and live your life to the full, you will fail sometimes. Make mistakes means taking chances. Those who never take chances will have a life full of lost opportunities.
When you are worried about the future, ask yourself: What is the worst thing that can happen You will often be surprised to find that the “worst” may not be as bad as you thought it was going to be. The “bottom line” isn’t often as discouraging as you think it will be. ____40____
A. That isn’t a lot of help, of course.
B. All these things will help you greatly.
C. No one can possibly be right all the time.
D. List the things that are valuable in your life.
E. Occasionally, your judgments will be faulty.
F. Instead, it will help you make plans accordingly.
G. You may become pessimistic and can’t get over it.
第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分,满分15分）
For many people, the perfect career would be one in which they do what they love to make a living, but in___41___, not many have either the luck or the luxury to do so, given ___42___ concerns and other considerations. Freelance (自由职业的) digital cartoonist Lian Zongbo is fully ___43___ of the risks, but decided to pursue his dream, anyway.
After graduating in 2010, he started as a junior animator in Guangzhou. Struggling for 6 years with childish work, he was looking to do something he was really ___44___. A huge basketball fan growing up, and good at a ___45___ of drawing methods, Lian had the idea of ___46___ his interests and career. In early 2016, he began drawing illustrations based on the NBA and shared them on social media. ___47___, he didn’t get any feedback.
___48___ he felt discouraged, Lian refused to admit failure. In January 2017, he received a(n) ___49___ on his Instagram account that invited him to ___50___ his works at art shows in the US. Lian happily accepted the offer, seeing it as a(n) ___51___ to morale (士气). His basketball themed artworks quickly won him a growing number of enthusiasts, including former NBA superstar Dwyane Wade.
His childhood hobby has now turned into a(n) ___52___ career that has given Lian a more comfortable life. When asked if he has any advice for others who also want to change jobs to ___53___ their passions, Lian said, “I wouldn’t tell people to abandon their ___54___ jobs if they are not ready. Rather, I’d tell them to make full use of their spare time to explore their passions. Stick to it and one day your effort will ___55___.”
41.
A. reality B. turn C. order D. place
42.
A. political B. religious C. financial D. cultural
43.
A ashamed B. afraid C. aware D. fond
44.
A. for B. into C. within D. against
45.
A. variety B. group C. flash D. block
46.
A. developing B. combining C. abandoning D. losing
47.
A. Additionally B. Gradually C. Accordingly D. Initially
48.
A. When B. If C. While D. Because
49.
A. message B. complaint C. access D. notice
50.
A. prove B. assess C. display D. explain
51.
A. approach B. response C. solution D. boost
52.
A. promising B. inspiring C. challenging D. discouraging
53.
A. defeat B. pursue C. raise D. reduce
54.
A. current B. future C. distant D. past
55.
A. go off B. take off C. pay off D. kick off
第二节：（共10个小题；每小题1. 5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Harmony is a core value of China’s Hehe culture, which is____56____ (wide) appreciated in modern Chinese society.
The term “Hehe”(和合) ____57____ (consist) of two Chinese characters that have the same pronunciation but different meanings: the first means harmony, and the second means convergence. In short, Hehe culture involves____58____ (seek) common ground while reserving differences, and it means harmonious coexistence and coordinated development. Liuchixiang, a 2-meter-wide alley in Anhui’s Tongcheng City, is a location in China____59____has its own story of harmony.
During the reign of Emperor Kangxi over 300 years ago, high-ranking official ZhangYing received____60____letter from his family in Tongcheng, his hometown. In their letter, they told Zhang that they had quarreled____61____property boundaries with their neighbor, Wu, and asked for help.
Zhang replied to their letter with a poem: “A letter is written, just for a wall. ____62____it moves a meter, what harm is done The Great Wall still stands tall today, yet____63____(go) is its builder, Emperor Qinshihuang.”
Enlightened by his reply, the Zhang family decided____64____ (bring) their walls back by approximately one meter. Deeply moved by their generosity, the Wu family also brought their walls back by a meter, and the two households created a 2-meter-wide alley between their homes for passersby.
The alley is now a popular_____65_____ (attract) that is traversed daily by locals.
第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 应用文写作（满分15分）
66. 假定你是李华，你的美国朋友George来信说他对中国人贴春联(Spring Festival couplets)的习俗很感兴趣，希望给他回信简要介绍一下。内容包括：
1.贴春联的习俗；2.春联的寓意。
注意：
1.词数80个左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear George,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours;
Li Hua
第二节 读后续写(满分25分)
67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
From an early age, Patti Wilson was told that she was an epileptic (癫痫患者). However, she was a lively and enthusiastic girl, looking at her illness as simply “an inconvenience”. She never focused on what she had lost, but on what she had left. One day, Patti said to her father, who was a morning jogger, “Daddy, I’d really love to run with you every day, but I’m afraid I’ll have an epileptic fit.”
Her father told her, “Don’t worry, my girl. I know how to handle it! Let’s start running then!”
It was a wonderful experience for the father and daughter to run together every day. After a few weeks, the ambitious girl told her father, “Daddy, What I’d really love to do is to break the world’s long-distance running record for women.” The father checked the Guinness Book of World Records and found that the farthest any woman had run was 80miles.
That year, she completed her run to San Francisco, which is a distance of 400 miles. She was wearing a T-shirt, reading, “I Love Epileptics”. Her father ran every mile at her side, and her mom, a nurse, followed in a motor home behind them in case anything went wrong. But nothing happened at all while she was running.
As a senior high school student, Patti announced that she was determined to run from her hometown up to the White House, which is a distance of more than 3000 miles away. Her classmates got behind her. They built a giant poster that read, “Run, Patti, Run!” This has since become her motto and the title of a book she later has written.
注意：
1.续写的词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
On her second marathon in Portland, she had her foot injured.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Half a year later, Patti ran in Washington and finally shook the hand of the President.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________江西省广丰中学2023-2024学年高一上学期期末考试英语试卷
考试范围：人教版（2019）必修第一册；考试时间：120分钟
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题：每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
How many brothers does the woman have
A. 1. B. 2. C. 3.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】W: My sister just had a beautiful baby boy. I am so excited for her.
M: That’s great. She will definitely have her hands full with two boys now.
W: Yes. She always wanted boys since we grew up with a brother too.
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What does the woman think pretty
A. The city. B. The snow. C. The car.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】M: There’s nothing good about winter. It’s always so cold and windy in this city at this time of year. I wish I had a car to travel in.
W: I think the snow looks pretty when it comes.
3. 此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Who might Mary be
A. The woman’s dog. B. The man’s daughter. C. The man’s neighbor.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】W: Mr. Robinson, I need to speak to you about your daughter’s dog Lily. She keeps eating the flowers in my yard.
M: I’m so sorry about that, Kathy.
W: If you don’t do something, I will have no choice but to call the police.
M: I will ask Mary to pay more attention to her dog.
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What does the man want to do tonight
A. Watch football on TV. B. Buy some books. C. Go to a basketball game.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】M: Hey, Flora. Do you know where I can buy tickets to the basketball game tonight
W: I never go to basketball games, but I’m pretty sure they are for sale at the same place I buy football tickets—next to the bookstore.
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What are the speakers mainly talking about
A. The smell of roses.
B. A relaxing way.
C. The man’s private garden.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】W: Wow, your garden is really lovely, which is perfumed with the smell of roses.
M: Thank you. I enjoy spending time tending to my garden. It helps me relax and reduces my stress levels.
W: Yeah, I hope I can have one like yours in the future.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1. 5分，满分22. 5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
6. What are the speakers talking about
A. A new designer. B. New products. C. Newly-designed posters.
7. What is Lisa
A. An artist. B. A team leader. C. A product manager.
【答案】6. C 7. A
【解析】
【原文】M: Hey, I just saw the new posters. They look really good. I understand you were the leader for the new design.
W: Well, I was the leader of the team, yes. But we really all worked on it together. I’m glad you like it. What did you like most
M: Two things. First, the cover design is excellent with our logo right in the center. Also, the way the products are arranged on the page is excellent. The products are not all mixed together like last year.
W: The cover design was Lisa’s idea. It seems that we made a right choice to hire an artist.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
8. Why is Susie raising money
A. To fix a parking lot. B. To help the Children’s Home. C. To build a new kitchen for the club.
9. How will Susie collect more money according to Tommy
A. By washing cars. B. By selling cookies. C. By having a yard sale.
【答案】8. B 9. A
【解析】
【原文】M: Hey, Susie. What are you doing
W: Hi, Tommy. I’m making a list for our club. We are raising money for the Children’s Home. They need a new kitchen.
M: You’ll need a lot of money for that! How are you raising money
W: Last month, we sold homemade cookies. We had a yard sale last week as well. We’ve gotten some donations, too, but we need more. Any good ideas
M: I think you should have a car wash. I’m sure you’ll raise a lot of money.
W: That’s a good idea. We can have it in the parking lot of the community center.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
10. Who is the man
A. A musician. B. A tourist. C. A reporter.
11. Why won’t the concerts be held at the Government Stadium
A. It costs more. B. It is too small. C. It is an open-air stadium.
12. What’s the woman doing
A. Doing a research. B. Asking for advice. C. Having an interview.
【答案】10. A 11. C 12. C
【解析】
【原文】W: Hi, Mr. Smith. How does the city impress you
M: Pretty well. People here are crazy about pop music, and I feel so happy to have a chance to hold three concerts here. The City Hall, where the concerts will be held, looks good, though it’s a bit smaller than the Government Stadium.
W: Why aren’t you performing at the Government Stadium
M: I was told not to risk an open-air show in March as it rains so often.
W: Some fans say that $50 is too much for the cheapest seats.
M: That’s a lot, I know. If we had a bigger hall we could get more people in and they wouldn’t have to pay so much.
W: There are five members of your group, aren’t there Have they all been with you since the beginning
M: All except the drummer, who’s only been with us for a month.
W: Well, Mr. Smith, I hope you enjoy your four days here in Shanghai.
M: Thank you.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
13. What did NASA call the area
A. The Light of Venezuela.
B. The Lightning Capital of the World.
C. The Never-ending Storm of Catatumbo.
14. What causes so many storms in this area
A. The warm ocean current.
B. The strong mountain winds.
C. The special geographical location.
15. How many local people get struck by the lightning every year
A. About 12%. B. About 30%. C. About 70%.
16. What can we learn from the conversation
A. The man is afraid of lightening very much.
B. The locals are surprisingly fearless of lighting.
C. About 12,000 American people get hit in their lifetime.
【答案】13. B 14. C 15. B 16. A
【解析】
【原文】W: There’s a place in Venezuela where lightning strikes about 200 days a year.
M: Are you serious
W: Yep. Locals call it “the Never-ending Storm of Catatumbo” because the area is near the Catatumbo River. Scientists found most of the lightning strikes between April and November. NASA named it the “Lightning Capital of the World”.
M: Why does the area get so many storms
W: The Andes Mountains are on one side of the river, and the Caribbean Sea is on the other side. Cool mountain winds move into the valley and hit warm sea air, creating the perfect conditions for lightning.
M: Are the people there afraid of getting hit
W: Surprisingly, the chances are pretty small. In the US, about one of every 12,000 people gets hit in their lifetime.
M: Yeah, but we’re talking about an area that gets struck by lightning about 70% of the time.
W: True. This article says that near the Catatumbo River, one in three people gets struck every year.
M: Whoa! I would never go outside if I lived there.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
17. Where did the speaker move things from the yard
A. Into the garage. B. Into the basement. C. Into the storeroom.
18. What did the speaker buy
A. Some flashlights. B. A radio. C. Food and water.
19. How strong was the wind most times
A. About 80 miles an hour.
B. About 90 miles an hour.
C. About 100 miles an hour.
20. What did the speaker do most of the time during the hurricane
A. She listened to the news on the radio.
B. She looked after her husband.
C. She stayed in the bathroom.
【答案】17. A 18. C 19. A 20. C
【解析】
【原文】W: Good morning, everybody. I’m Mary Stone. Today I’m going to share with you my hurricane experience. Well, it was my first hurricane since my family moved here to North Carolina. Before it came, we had continual day warnings of it from the radio, the TV and the newspapers for a week. We had to get everything out of the yard. We didn’t have a basement or a storeroom, so we put the yard furniture and waste containers into the garage. And we bought lots and lots of food and water. We even filled the bath with water. We also checked the flashlights and the small radio in case they couldn’t work. The hurricane was terrible. The rain was so heavy that we couldn’t see out the windows. The wind was about 80 miles an hour and it reached 100 miles an hour at times. It knocked down the power lines and we didn’t have electricity for two days. We were lucky. Only one tree came down in the backyard. I was so scared! Most of the time, I stayed in the bathroom. But my husband was more relaxed. He lit candles and listened to the news on the radio.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑
A
A quick increase of dopamine (多巴胺) shifts mice into a dreamy stage of sleep. In the mice’s brains, the chemical messenger triggers rapid-eye-movement sleep, or REM, researchers report in the March 4 Science.
These new results are some of the first to show a trigger for the shifts. Understanding these transitions in more de tail could ultimately point to ways to treat sleep disorders in people.
Certain nerve cells in the ventral tegmental area of the mouse brain can pump out dopamine, a molecule that has been linked to pleasure, movement and learning, which is then delivered dopamine to the amygdalae, two almond-shaped structures deep in the brain that are closely tied to emotions.
Using a molecular sensor that can tell exactly when and where dopamine is released, the researchers saw that dopamine levels rose in the amygdala e just before mice shifted from non-REM sleep to REM sleep.
Next, the researchers forced the mice into the REM phase by controlling those dopamine-producing nerve cells using lasers and genetic pelled with light, the nerve cells released dopamine in the amygdalae while mice were in non-REM sleep. The mice then shifted into REM sleep sooner than they typically did, after an average of about two minutes compared with about eight minutes for mice that weren’t prompted to release dopamine. Stimulating these cells every half hour increased the mice’s total amount of REM sleep.
Additional experiments suggest that these dopamine-making nerve cells may also be involved in aspects of narcolepsy (嗜睡症). A sudden loss of muscle tone, called cataplexy, shares features with REM sleep and can accompany narcolepsy. Stimulating these dopamine-making nerve cells while mice were awake caused the mice to stop moving and fall directly into REM sleep.
The results help clarify a trigger for REM in mice; whether a similar thing happens in people isn’t known. Earlier studies have found that nerve cells in people’s amygdala e are active during REM sleep.
Many questions remain. Drugs that change dopamine levels in people don’t seem to have big effects on REM sleep and cataplexy. But these drugs affect the whole brain, and it’s possible that they are just not selective enough.
21. What can we learn from this passage
A. People with sleep disorders could benefit from the research.
B. Dopamine is generated in two almond-shaped structures.
C. Dopamine levels rose after mice shifted to REM sleep.
D. An increase of dopamine can trigger REM in people.
22. The underlined word “they” in the last paragraph refers to ______.
A. the entire brain
B. REM sleep and cataplexy
C. drugs affecting dopamine levels
D. people suffering from sleep disorders
23. What is the main purpose of the passage
A. To introduce two stages of sleep of all animals.
B. To explain dopamine as a trigger for REM in mice.
C. To present a new way to cure sleep disorders in people.
D. To propose a pioneer research interest in brain structure.
【答案】21. A 22. C 23. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一片说明文。主要解释了多巴胺如何成为小鼠REM睡眠的触发器，并研究表明这可能有助于理解和治疗人类的睡眠障碍。
【21题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“Understanding these transitions in more de tail could ultimately point to ways to treat sleep disorders in people. (更多地了解这些转变，最终可以指出治疗人们睡眠障碍的方法。)”可知，了解这种转变的细节可能最终会为治疗人类的睡眠障碍提供方法，即患有睡眠障碍的人可以从这项研究中受益。故选A项。
【22题详解】
词义猜测题。根据最后一段中“Drugs that change dopamine levels in people don’t seem to have big effects on REM sleep and cataplexy. But these drugs affect the whole brain, and it’s possible that they are just not selective enough. (改变人体多巴胺水平的药物似乎对快速眼动睡眠和猝倒没有太大影响。但这些药物会影响整个大脑，而且它们可能只是选择性不够。)”可知，they指代的是影响多巴胺水平的药物，故选C项。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“A quick increase of dopamine (多巴胺) shifts mice into a dreamy stage of sleep. In the mice’s brains, the chemical messenger triggers rapid-eye-movement sleep, or REM, researchers report in the March 4 Science. (多巴胺的快速增加使小鼠进入梦幻般的睡眠阶段。研究人员在3月4日的《科学》杂志上报告说，在小鼠的大脑中，化学信使会触发快速眼动睡眠（REM）。)”及第二段“These new results are some of the first to show a trigger for the shifts. (这些新结果是最早显示转变触发因素的。)”可知，文章的主要目的是解释多巴胺如何成为小鼠REM睡眠的触发器因素，故选B项。
B
In the past generations, our ancestors (祖先) lived with the simplest way. When science and technology materialize, there are various developments in the world that change and improve the way of living of people. As years go by, more and more innovations (创新) were created by applying the ideas of science and technologies. Most of these have positive effects on the society but some of these are harmful in certain ways. However, the importance of science and technology can’t be denied.
Science and innovation have mainly affected society, and their effect is developing. It makes life simpler and makes people more gainful. This change has positive and negative effects. The benefit is making life simpler while the other side is that it makes individuals needy and lazier. By making life simpler, science has allowed man to seek for cultural concerns to improve human conditions.
Science and technology can shape the general public we live in very well and can make us feel simpler, safer and increasingly gainful. However, it also can be used wrongly, which can harm many blameless lives. We must think for our own progress as well as for the improvement of each person of this planet that we call our own home.
In short, science and innovation have made a great contribution to our lives. They may also be related to us greatly. In this way, their effects will depend on how we follow up on them. In addition, if we see the more brilliant side of innovation, it is the foundation of national construction.
24. What does the underlined word “materialize” in paragraph 1 mean
A. Return. B. Appear. C. Stay. D. go.
25. What is the author’s attitude towards science and technologies
A. Unclear. B. Negative. C. Doubtful. D. Objective.
26. Which of the following is the effect of science
A. A better living condition. B. People becoming less adaptive.
C. People becoming determined. D. A colorful history.
27. What should we do when using science and technology
A. Improve studying standard. B. Help the disabled.
C. Think for other people. D. Treat wildlife equally.
【答案】24. B 25. D 26. A 27. C
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了科学和技术对人类生活带来的影响。
【24题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第一段划线词前“In the past generations, our ancestors (祖先) lived with the simplest way. When science and technology…(在过去的几代人里，我们的祖先以最简单的方式生活。当科技……)”及“there are various developments in the world that change and improve the way of living of people.(世界上有各种各样的发展，改变和改善了人们的生活方式)”可知，此处表示当科技出现，materialize与appear“出现”意思相近。故选B项。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“As years go by, more and more innovations were created by applying the ideas of science and technologies. Most of these have positive effects on the society but some of these are harmful in certain ways. However, the importance of science and technology can’t be denied.(随着时间的流逝，越来越多的创新是通过应用科学和技术的理念创造出来的。其中大多数对社会有积极的影响，但其中一些在某些方面是有害的。然而，科学技术的重要性是不可否认的)”及下两段内容可知，作者既说明了科技对社会的积极影响，也说明了存在的害处，作者对于科技的态度是客观的。故选D项。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“It makes life simpler and makes people more gainful. (它使生活更简单，使人们更有收获)”及“By making life simpler, science has allowed man to seek for cultural concerns to improve human conditions.(科学使生活变得简单，使人们能够寻求文化关怀，以改善人类的状况)”和文章第三段“Science and technology can shape the general public we live in very well and can make us feel simpler, safer and increasingly gainful.(科学技术可以很好地塑造我们生活的大众，让我们感觉更简单、更安全、更有成就感)”可推知，在科学的影响下，人类有了更好的生存条件。故选A项。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“We must think for our own progress as well as for the improvement of each person of this planet that we call our own home.(我们必须为自己的进步着想，也要为这个我们称之为家园的星球上的每一个人的改善着想)”可知，在运用科技的时候，我们应该为他人着想。故选C项。
C
Frozen in time, a 125-million-year-old mammal attacking a dinosaur. A 39-million-year-old whale, the heaviest animal that ever lived. The oldest known jellyfish, from 505 million years ago. Paleontology (古生物学) produces newsworthy discoveries.
Fossils (化石), moreover, provide direct evidence for the long history of life, allowing paleontologists to test hypotheses (假设) about evolution with data only they provide. They allow investigation of present and past life on Earth. Flows of biological diversity, appearances of new life forms and the extinctions of long existing ones, would go undiscovered without these efforts. But the headlines over exciting new fossils greatly underestimate the true importance of paleontology. Its real significance lies in how such discoveries brighten the grand history of life on Earth. From its beginnings, more than three billion years ago, to the present day, fossils record how life adapted or disappeared in the face of major environmental challenges.
Paleontologists provide us with a unique vantage on modern climate change. They play an essential role in interpreting ancient environments, in reconstructing ancient oceans, continents and climates. Fossils provide key limitation on the climate models that are essential for predicting future climate change. And the fossil record gives important insights into how life will respond to predicted future climate conditions, because these have occurred before in Earth’s history.
In addition, paleontology has provided a fundamental contribution to human thought: the reality of species extinction and thus of a world that has dramatically changed over time. In documenting the history of life, paleontologists recognized that many extinction episodes could occur suddenly, such as the event 66 million years ago that ended the dinosaurs. The search for the causes of past mass extinctions started pioneering studies from across the scientific spectrum (科学界), focusing on potential future threats to humanity.
Not only do paleontologists know what happens to life when things go bad, they also know how long it takes for ecosystems and biodiversity to recover from these disasters, which can take far longer than modern humans have existed.
Paleontologists thus provide a unique perspective on the nature and future long-term ecological impact of the current human-produced biodiversity crisis, the so-called Sixth Extinction, and therefore the importance of protecting modern biodiversity. The very concept of a Sixth Extinction would not exist without paleontologists documenting the first five.
Paleontologists know that understanding life’s past is critical to anticipating and adapting to life’s and humanity’s future. Paleontology is important because it brings its unique and critical perspective to current challenges in climate change, biodiversity loss and the environment. Paleontologists can predict the future because they know the past.
28. The first two paragraphs are written to _______.
A. describe an event B. raise a question
C. present an opinion D. make a comparison
29. What does the underlined word “vantage” in Paragraph 3 mean
A. A positive effect. B. A valuable suggestion.
C. A quick decision. D. A comprehensive view.
30. Which of the following would the author agree with
A. Ecological recovery takes shorter than imagined.
B. Past lessons can help to predict the future threats.
C. Paleontologists can handle the biodiversity crisis.
D. Fossil studies focus on the causes of mass extinctions.
31. What’s the best title for the passage
A. Paleontology: A Pioneering Study
B. Paleontology: A History Recorder
C. Paleontology Tells More About Nature Than Humans
D. Paleontology Is Far More Than New Fossil Discoveries
【答案】28. C 29. D 30. B 31. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了古生物学远不止是新的化石发现，通过化石上表征的过去，古生物学家抽丝剥茧得出过去经验，预测危险，为未来如何避免犯过去同样的错误提供明灯，强调了古生物学研究的真正意义何在。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。第一段“Frozen in time, a 125-million-year-old mammal attacking a dinosaur. A 39-million-year-old whale, the heaviest animal that ever lived. The oldest known jellyfish, from 505 million years ago. Paleontology (古生物学) produces newsworthy discoveries. (时间凝固，一只1.25亿年前的哺乳动物正在攻击一只恐龙。一头3900万年前的鲸鱼，是有史以来最重的动物。已知最古老的水母，来自5.05亿年前。古生物学产生了有新闻价值的发现)”讲述了古生物学产生了有新闻价值的古老化石发现，再结合第二段“Fossils (化石), moreover, provide direct evidence for the long history of life, allowing paleontologists to test hypotheses (假设) about evolution with data only they provide. (此外，化石为漫长的生命史提供了直接证据，使古生物学家能够用他们提供的数据来检验进化论的假设)”和“But the headlines over exciting new fossils greatly underestimate the true importance of paleontology. Its real significance lies in how such discoveries brighten the grand history of life on Earth. (但是，关于令人兴奋的新化石的头条新闻大大低估了古生物学的真正重要性。它的真正意义在于这些发现如何照亮地球上生命的伟大历史)”可知，作者在前两段提出了一个观点——古生物学的意义不仅是化石发现，它的真正意义在于这些发现如何照亮地球上生命的伟大历史。故选C项。
【29题详解】
词句猜测题。由第三段“Paleontologists provide us with a unique vantage on modern climate change. They play an essential role in interpreting ancient environments, in reconstructing ancient oceans, continents and climates. Fossils provide key limitation on the climate models that are essential for predicting future climate change. And the fossil record gives important insights into how life will respond to predicted future climate conditions, because these have occurred before in Earth’s history. (古生物学家为我们提供了一个了解现代气候变化的独特vantage。他们在解释古代环境、重建古代海洋、大陆和气候方面发挥着重要作用。化石对预测未来气候变化至关重要的气候模型提供了关键的限制。化石记录为生命将如何应对预测的未来气候条件提供了重要的见解，因为这些情况在地球历史上以前就发生过)”可知，古生物学家通过对化石进行研究，获得了重要的见解，使他们在解释古代环境、重建古代海洋、大陆和气候方面发挥着重要作用，所以他们能为人类了解现代气候变化提供独特全面的视角，划线词意为“A comprehensive view (全面的视角)”。故选D项。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。由第四段中“The search for the causes of past mass extinctions started pioneering studies from across the scientific spectrum (科学界), focusing on potential future threats to humanity. (寻找过去大规模灭绝的原因开始了跨科学领域的开创性研究，重点关注未来对人类的潜在威胁)”和最后一段中“Paleontologists know that understanding life’s past is critical to anticipating and adapting to life’s and humanity’s future. (古生物学家知道，了解生命的过去对于预测和适应生命和人类的未来至关重要)”可知，通过化石上表征的过去，古生物学家能得出过去的经验，预测危险，为未来如何避免犯过去同样的错误提供明灯。由此推知，作者同意“过去的经验教训有助于预测未来的威胁”。故选B项。
【31题详解】
主旨大意题。由第二段中“But the headlines over exciting new fossils greatly underestimate the true importance of paleontology. Its real significance lies in how such discoveries brighten the grand history of life on Earth. (但是，关于令人兴奋的新化石的头条新闻大大低估了古生物学的真正重要性。它的真正意义在于这些发现如何照亮地球上生命的伟大历史)”和其它段落可知，文章讲述了古生物学远不止是新的化石发现，通过化石上表征的过去，古生物学家抽丝剥茧得出过去经验，预测危险，为未来如何避免犯过去同样的错误提供明灯，强调了古生物学研究的真正意义何在，D项“古生物学远不止是新的化石发现”符合文意，可以作为小标题。故选D项。
D
Instead of being addicted to smartphones and games, Zhang Yixuan prefers to spend his summer vacation walking in nature, meeting with little creatures like shrimps and crabs (蟹).
The 17-year-old boy went viral on Sina Weibo recently for his knowledge of biology, which led him to discover a new species of freshwater crabs of Sinolapotamon in 2022.
Zhang’s father, who was born in a rural area, loved catching fish and crabs himself at an early age, so Zhang was always taken outdoors by his parents to explore as much as possible and observe little creatures quietly without being interrupted. Now a grade 12 student at Yulin High School, Guangxi Zhuang autonomous reg on, Zhang has dozens of “living treasures” that he has collected from the outdoors, including insects, fish, shrimps and crabs.
“This one is a species of Nanhaipotamon that I caught in a mountainous area,” said Zhang, pointing to a bright-colored crab moving its amusing eyes around. “You can see it just shed its shell.” There is also a row of empty bottles and jars in Zhang’s room to store his specimens. “I can notice the small differences between two shrimps, and then I take them back to my room for further observation,” said Zhang.
It is the microscope his father bought him that makes the bedroom look more like a mini biology lab than anything else. It’s a place where Zhang can devote himself to identifying shrimps or observing crabs day and night. With the help of his microscope, Zhang concentrates on exploring the natural world. Sometimes he spends hours simply examining a piece of fish scale, the leg of a crab or the antenna of an insect. He often works so late that his parents have to force him to go to bed.
“I’m often amazed by what I see while placing these tiny and fragile things under the microscope. No matter how unimportant an insect is, each life is so delicately and uniquely organized,” said Zhang.
32. What made Zhang popular on Sina Weibo
A. His love of biology.
B. His videos of outdoor adventures.
C. His collection of “living treasures”.
D. His discovery of a new type of crab.
33. What inspired Zhang’s interest in exploring nature
A. His father’s early job.
B. A crab he once caught.
C. His school’s field trips.
D. His childhood experiences.
34. What does paragraph 5 mainly talk about
A. Zhang’s tools for observations.
B. Zhang’s achievements in biology.
C. Zhang’s mini biology lab at home.
D. Zhang’s addiction to his specimens.
35. Which of the following best describes Zhang
A. Honest and energetic.
B. Outgoing and adventurous.
C. Curious and hard-working.
D. Knowledgeable and thankful.
【答案】32. D 33. D 34. D 35. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了高中生张义轩热爱探索自然，对螃蟹进行观察和鉴定，最终发现了一种新物种的故事。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“The 17-year-old boy went viral on Sina Weibo recently for his knowledge of biology, which led him to discover a new species of freshwater crabs of Sinolapotamon in 2022.”（这位17岁的男孩最近在新浪微博上走红，因为他的生物学知识，他在2022年发现了一种新的淡水蟹——Sinolapotamon。）可知，他在新浪微博上走红是因为他利用自己的生物学知识发现了一种新的淡水蟹。故选D项。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“Zhang’s father, who was born in a rural area, loved catching fish and crabs himself at an early age, so Zhang was always taken outdoors by his parents to explore as much as possible and observe little creatures quietly without being interrupted.”（他的父亲出生在农村，从小就喜欢自己抓鱼和螃蟹，所以他总是被父母带到户外，尽可能多地探索，不被打扰地安静地观察小生物。）可知，童年时，他就经常被父母带到户外，接触大自然。由此推知，是他童年的经历激发了他探索自然的兴趣。故选D项。
【34题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第五段“It is the microscope his father bought him that makes the bedroom look more like a mini biology lab than anything else. It’s a place where Zhang can devote himself to identifying shrimps or observing crabs day and night. With the help of his microscope, Zhang concentrates on exploring the natural world. Sometimes he spends hours simply examining a piece of fish scale, the leg of a crab or the antenna of an insect. He often works so late that his parents have to force him to go to bed.”（是他父亲给他买的显微镜使卧室看起来更像一个迷你生物实验室。在这里，他可以日夜专注于识别虾或观察螃蟹。在显微镜的帮助下，他专注于探索自然世界。有时，他仅仅是检查一块鱼鳞、一只螃蟹的腿或一只昆虫的触角，就花上几个小时。他经常工作到很晚，他的父母不得不强迫他上床睡觉。）可知，本段主要讲述了他在自己的卧室专注于探索自然，检查生物标本。故选D项。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“The 17-year-old boy went viral on Sina Weibo recently for his knowledge of biology, which led him to discover a new species of freshwater crabs of Sinolapotamon in 2022.”（这位17岁的男孩最近在新浪微博上走红，因为他的生物学知识，他在2022年发现了一种新的淡水蟹——Sinolapotamon。）及第五段后三句“With the help of his microscope, Zhang concentrates on exploring the natural world. Sometimes he spends hours simply examining a piece of fish scale, the leg of a crab or the antenna of an insect. He often works so late that his parents have to force him to go to bed.”（在显微镜的帮助下，他专注于探索自然世界。有时，他仅仅是检查一块鱼鳞、一只螃蟹的腿或一只昆虫的触角，就花上几个小时。他经常工作到很晚，他的父母不得不强迫他上床睡觉。）可知，他能发现新物种，说明他充满求知欲，他会花很长时间研究自己的生物标本，甚至忘记睡觉，说明他非常勤奋好学。故选C项。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分）
Too often, doctors and others tell a patient suffering from a stress related disorder that she or he must spend some time relaxing. ____36____ In fact, just sitting in front of the TV set and trying to ignore the day’s problems don’t make much effect. To deal effectively with stress and cope efficiently with anxiety, you’ll have to use the power of your own mind constructively. To do this, one of the best ways is to boost your self-confidence. Lacking self-confidence, you will probably worry about disastrous things happening to you. ____37____ In such circumstances, you should replace negative, damaging feelings of failure with positive feelings of success.
Take a piece of paper and a pencil, and try writing down good words that describe you, such as honest, thoughtful, hard working, considerate, kind, ambitious, creative and so on. ____38____ Your parents, your friends, your interests, your achievements, and particularly your memories. You will probably be surprised to find how many things there are that you can be proud of!
Don’t worry about making mistakes. ____39____ If you accept challenges and live your life to the full, you will fail sometimes. Make mistakes means taking chances. Those who never take chances will have a life full of lost opportunities.
When you are worried about the future, ask yourself: What is the worst thing that can happen You will often be surprised to find that the “worst” may not be as bad as you thought it was going to be. The “bottom line” isn’t often as discouraging as you think it will be. ____40____
A. That isn’t a lot of help, of course.
B. All these things will help you greatly.
C. No one can possibly be right all the time.
D. List the things that are valuable in your life.
E. Occasionally, your judgments will be faulty.
F. Instead, it will help you make plans accordingly.
G. You may become pessimistic and can’t get over it.
【答案】36. A 37. G 38. D 39. C 40. F
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了为了有效地应对压力和焦虑，你必须建设性地运用自己思想的力量，通过增强自信心避免压力和焦虑。
【36题详解】
由上文“Too often, doctors and others tell a patient suffering from a stress related disorder that she or he must spend some time relaxing. (医生和其他人经常告诉患有压力相关疾病的患者，她或他必须花一些时间放松)”和下文“In fact, just sitting in front of the TV set and trying to ignore the day’s problems don’t make much effect. (事实上，仅仅坐在电视机前，试图忽视一天的问题并没有多大影响)”可知，上文讲医生建议患有压力相关疾病的患者花一些时间放松，下文具体举例说明花时间放松没用，该空应该承接上下文讲医生建议患有压力相关疾病的患者花一些时间放松的这个提议，它并没有效果，A选项“当然，这帮不了什么忙。”切合语境，选项中“That”指的是上文“医生提出的建议”，选项中“isn’t a lot of help”呼应下文“don’t make much effect”。故选A项。
37题详解】
由上文“Lacking self-confidence, you will probably worry about disastrous things happening to you. (缺乏自信，你可能会担心灾难性的事情发生在你身上)”可知，该空应该继续讲缺乏自信带来的消极影响，才能引出下文“In such circumstances, you should replace negative, damaging feelings of failure with positive feelings of success. (在这种情况下，你应该用积极的成功感来代替消极的、有害的失败感)”讲针对“缺乏自信”所应采取的策略，G选项“你可能会变得悲观，无法克服。”切合语境。故选G项。
【38题详解】
由第一段“In such circumstances, you should replace negative, damaging feelings of failure with positive feelings of success. (在这种情况下，你应该用积极的成功感来代替消极的、有害的失败感)”讲针对“缺乏自信”所应采取的策略和上文“Take a piece of paper and a pencil, and try writing down good words that describe you, such as honest, thoughtful, hard working, considerate, kind, ambitious, creative and so on. (拿一张纸和一支铅笔，试着写下描述你的好词，比如诚实、体贴、努力、体贴、善良、雄心勃勃、富有创造力等等)”也讲积极的思想可知，该空应该与积极的思想力量相关，D选项“列出你生命中有价值的东西。”切合语境，选项中“the things that are valuable in your life”是能让人变得积极的事物。故选D项。
【39题详解】
由上文“Don’t worry about making mistakes. (不要担心犯错误)”和下文“If you accept challenges and live your life to the full, you will fail sometimes. (如果你接受挑战并充分地生活，你有时会失败)”可知，上下文都在讲人会犯错，所以没有人可能总是对的，C选项“没有人可能总是对的。”切合语境。故选C项。
40题详解】
本段依旧承接上文讲建设性地运用自己积极思想的力量（通过增强自信心）避免压力和焦虑，再结合上文“You will often be surprised to find that the “worst” may not be as bad as you thought it was going to be. The “bottom line” isn’t often as discouraging as you think it will be. (你经常会惊讶地发现，“最坏的情况”可能并没有你想象的那么糟糕。“底线”往往并不像你想象的那样令人沮丧)”讲“最坏的情况”或“底线”其实并没有你想象的那样令人沮丧可知，该空应该讲“最坏的情况”的实际情况于人有益，F选项“相反，它会帮助你制定相应的计划。”切合语境。故选F项。
第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分,满分15分）
For many people, the perfect career would be one in which they do what they love to make a living, but in___41___, not many have either the luck or the luxury to do so, given ___42___ concerns and other considerations. Freelance (自由职业的) digital cartoonist Lian Zongbo is fully ___43___ of the risks, but decided to pursue his dream, anyway.
After graduating in 2010, he started as a junior animator in Guangzhou. Struggling for 6 years with childish work, he was looking to do something he was really ___44___. A huge basketball fan growing up, and good at a ___45___ of drawing methods, Lian had the idea of ___46___ his interests and career. In early 2016, he began drawing illustrations based on the NBA and shared them on social media. ___47___, he didn’t get any feedback.
___48___ he felt discouraged, Lian refused to admit failure. In January 2017, he received a(n) ___49___ on his Instagram account that invited him to ___50___ his works at art shows in the US. Lian happily accepted the offer, seeing it as a(n) ___51___ to morale (士气). His basketball themed artworks quickly won him a growing number of enthusiasts, including former NBA superstar Dwyane Wade.
His childhood hobby has now turned into a(n) ___52___ career that has given Lian a more comfortable life. When asked if he has any advice for others who also want to change jobs to ___53___ their passions, Lian said, “I wouldn’t tell people to abandon their ___54___ jobs if they are not ready. Rather, I’d tell them to make full use of their spare time to explore their passions. Stick to it and one day your effort will ___55___.”
41.
A. reality B. turn C. order D. place
42.
A. political B. religious C. financial D. cultural
43.
A. ashamed B. afraid C. aware D. fond
44.
A. for B. into C. within D. against
45.
A. variety B. group C. flash D. block
46.
A. developing B. combining C. abandoning D. losing
47.
A. Additionally B. Gradually C. Accordingly D. Initially
48.
A. When B. If C. While D. Because
49.
A. message B. complaint C. access D. notice
50.
A. prove B. assess C. display D. explain
51.
A. approach B. response C. solution D. boost
52.
A. promising B. inspiring C. challenging D. discouraging
53.
A. defeat B. pursue C. raise D. reduce
54.
A. current B. future C. distant D. past
55.
A. go off B. take off C. pay off D. kick off
【答案】41. A 42. C 43. C 44. B 45. A 46. B 47. D 48. C 49. A 50. C 51. D 52. A 53. B 54. A 55. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了漫画家Lian Zongbo放弃自己工作追逐梦想，从自己喜爱的篮球和绘画中汲取灵感，将这两大兴趣结合起来，开始以NBA为基础绘制漫画，经过努力获得成功的故事。
【41题详解】
考查固定短语辨析。句意：对许多人来说，完美的职业是做自己喜欢的事情来谋生，但实际上，考虑到经济和其他方面的考虑，并不是很多人都有这样的运气或奢望。A. (in) reality实际上；B. (in) turn轮流；C. (in) order按次序的；D. (in) place适当的。根据上文“For many people, the perfect career would be one in which they do what they love to make a living”说对许多人来说，完美的职业是做自己喜欢的事情来谋生和常识可知，但是事实上并不是所有的职业都是自己喜欢做的事情，故选A。
【42题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. political政治的；B. religious宗教的；C. financial财务的；D. cultural文化的。根据上文“not many have either the luck or the luxury to do so”可知不是所有人都能拥有自己喜欢做的职业和常识可知，最有可能是财务原因，因为大部分工作会考虑到赚钱谋生的问题，故选C。
【43题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：自由职业的数字漫画家连宗博深知其中的风险，但他还是决定追求自己的梦想。A. ashamed羞耻的；B. afraid害怕的；C. aware意识到的；D. fond喜欢。根据下文“but decided to pursue his dream, anyway”可知，上下文是转折关系，所以他是知道自由职业者的风险的，但他还要追求自己的梦想，故选C。
【44题详解】
考查介词词义辨析和固定搭配。句意：在幼稚的工作中挣扎了6年，他想做一些他真正感兴趣的事情。A. for为了；B. into对……感兴趣，喜欢；C. within在……之内；D. against反对。根据上文“but decided to pursue his dream, anyway”可知他想做他喜欢的事情，be into为固定搭配，意为“对……深感兴趣”，符合句意，故选B。
【45题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一个从小就非常喜欢篮球的人，他擅长各种各样的绘画方法，他有了将自己的兴趣和职业结合起来的想法。A. variety多种式样；B. group组；C. flash闪现；D. block一块。根据下文“Lian had the idea of ___6___ his interests and career.”可知他不但喜欢篮球，还擅长各种绘画方法才会想把二者结合起来，a variety of，意为“各种各样的”，符合题意，故选A。
【46题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. developing发展；B. combining结合；C. abandoning放弃；D. losing失去。根据上文“A huge basketball fan growing up, and good at a ___5___ of drawing methods”可知她既是篮球迷，又喜欢画画，所以想将二者结合起来，故选B。
【47题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：起初，他没有得到任何反馈。A. Additionally此外；B. Gradually逐渐地；C. Accordingly因此；D. Initially最初。根据上文“In early2016, he began drawing illustrations based on the NBA and shared them on social media.”和下文“___8___ he felt discouraged, Lian refused to admit failure.”可知，他最初的绘画没有什么反响，所以她会感到气馁，故选D。
【48题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：虽然他感到气馁，但连拒绝承认失败。A. When当……时候；B. If如果；C. While虽然，尽管；D. Because因为。根据上下文的句意可知，前后句意存在转折关系，应用while引导让步状语从句，故选C。
【49题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：2017年1月，他在自己的Instagram账户上收到一条消息，邀请他在美国的艺术展上展示自己的作品。A. message消息；B. complaint抱怨；C. access入口；D. notice通知。根据上文“on his Instagram account that invited him to ___10___ his works at art shows in the US”可知，是在Instagram账户上收到消息，故选A。
【50题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. prove证明是；B. assess评估；C. display展示；D. explain解释。根据下文“his works at art shows”可知，是要在艺术展上展示作品，故选C。
【51题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Lian很高兴地接受了这个提议，认为这可以鼓舞士气。A. approach方法；B. response反应；C. solution解决办法；D. boost鼓舞，激励。根据上文“he didn’t get any feedback”、“he felt discouraged”可知，起初他的画反响不大，现在邀请他去参加艺术展，可知他欣然接受，所以对他来说是鼓舞，故选D。
【52题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他儿时的爱好现在已经变成了一个有前途的职业，给了他更舒适的生活。A. promising有前途的；B. inspiring鼓舞人心的；C. challenging有挑战性的；D. discouraging令人沮丧的。根据上文“His basketball themed artworks quickly won him a growing number of enthusiasts, including former NBA superstar Dwyane Wade.”和下文“that has given Lian a more comfortable life”可知他的作品受到很多人的欢迎，所以他的爱好变成了一个有前途的职业，让他过上了舒适的生活，故选A。
【53题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当被问及他对那些也想换工作追求梦想的人有什么建议时，Lian说:“如果人们还没有准备好，我不会告诉他们放弃目前的工作。A. defeat击败；B. pursue追求；C. raise提高；D. reduce减少。根据前文“Freelance (自由职业的) digital cartoonist Lian Zongbo is fully ___3___ of the risks, but decided to pursue his dream, anyway. ”可知是pursue的词汇复现，这里是他给同样想要追求梦想的人提供建议，故选B。
【54题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. current目前；B. future未来的；C. distant遥远的；D. past过去的。根据下文“if they are not ready”可知，他给出的建议是如果他们没有准备好就不要先放弃目前的工作，故选A。
【55题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：坚持下去，总有一天你的努力会取得成功的。A. go off进行，进展；B. take off脱掉，起飞；C. pay off取得成功，达到目的；D. kick off开球。根据上文“Stick to it and one day”可知，是坚持下去，总有一天会成功的。故选C。
第二节：（共10个小题；每小题1. 5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Harmony is a core value of China’s Hehe culture, which is____56____ (wide) appreciated in modern Chinese society.
The term “Hehe”(和合) ____57____ (consist) of two Chinese characters that have the same pronunciation but different meanings: the first means harmony, and the second means convergence. In short, Hehe culture involves____58____ (seek) common ground while reserving differences, and it means harmonious coexistence and coordinated development. Liuchixiang, a 2-meter-wide alley in Anhui’s Tongcheng City, is a location in China____59____has its own story of harmony.
During the reign of Emperor Kangxi over 300 years ago, high-ranking official ZhangYing received____60____letter from his family in Tongcheng, his hometown. In their letter, they told Zhang that they had quarreled____61____property boundaries with their neighbor, Wu, and asked for help.
Zhang replied to their letter with a poem: “A letter is written, just for a wall. ____62____it moves a meter, what harm is done The Great Wall still stands tall today, yet____63____(go) is its builder, Emperor Qinshihuang.”
Enlightened by his reply, the Zhang family decided____64____ (bring) their walls back by approximately one meter. Deeply moved by their generosity, the Wu family also brought their walls back by a meter, and the two households created a 2-meter-wide alley between their homes for passersby.
The alley is now a popular_____65_____ (attract) that is traversed daily by locals.
【答案】56. widely
57. consists
58. seeking
59. that##which
60. a 61. over##about
62. If 63. gone
64 to bring
65. attraction
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章说明了和谐是中国和合文化的核心，介绍了六尺巷的故事。
【56题详解】
考查副词。句意：和谐是中国和合文化的核心价值，在现代中国社会得到广泛认同。分析句子结构可知，空格处位于动词之前，修饰动词；因此需要用副词形式；wide的副词形式为widely意为“广泛地”。故填widely。
【57题详解】
考查动词时态与主谓一致。句意：“和”一词由两个读音相同但含义不同的汉字组成:第一个意思是和谐，第二个意思是融合。分析句子结构可知，句子中缺少谓语动词，所以需要填入谓语动词；此处表示描述事实，因此用一般现在时；句子的主语为“The term”为单数，因此谓语动词要用单数。故填consists。
【58题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：总之，和合文化就是求同存异，和谐共处，协调发展。involve意为“涉及”为及物动词；后加动名词。故填seeking。
【59题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：六池巷是安徽省桐城市一条2米宽的小巷，在中国有自己的和谐故事。分析句子结构可知，空格处为定语从句的关系词；且在句子中作主语；修饰的词为“location”为地点，所以用that或者which。故填that或者which。
【60题详解】
考查冠词。句意：300多年前的康熙年间，一位名叫张英的高官收到家乡桐城的家人寄来的一封信。空格处位于可数名词前，所以需要填入冠词，此处泛指“一封信”，所以用不定冠词；首字母发音为辅音音素，应用a。故填a。
【61题详解】
考查介词。句意：在信中，他们告诉张某，他们和邻居吴某就财产界限发生了争执，并寻求帮助。“关于某事争吵”为quarrel about/over sth.；此处指的是“就财产界限争吵”。故填over或者about。
【62题详解】
考查条件状语从句。句意：如果它移动一米，会造成什么伤害 分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填入连词；根据后句“会造成什么伤害”可知，此处是“如果移动一米”，所以需要填入表示“如果”，引导条件状语从句。故填If。
【63题详解】
考查形容词。句意：长城今天仍然巍然屹立，但它的建造者秦始皇已经不在了。此处句子倒装，且此处表示的是“建造者秦始皇已经不在了”；形容词gone意为“不复存在的”。故填gone。
【64题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：被他的回答所启发，张家决定把他们的墙加高大约一米。decide to do sth.意为“决定做某事”；所以此处填动词不定式。故填to bring。
【65题详解】
考查名词。句意：这条小巷现在是当地人每天必经的热门景点。空格处位于不定冠词之后，因此需要填入名词单数，attract的名词为attraction。故填attraction。
第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 应用文写作（满分15分）
66. 假定你是李华，你的美国朋友George来信说他对中国人贴春联(Spring Festival couplets)的习俗很感兴趣，希望给他回信简要介绍一下。内容包括：
1.贴春联的习俗；2.春联的寓意。
注意：
1.词数80个左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear George,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours;
Li Hua
【答案】Dear George,
Very glad to hear from you. I’ve learned that you show great interest in Chinese Spring Festival Couplets. Here, I’ll tell you something about it.
Spring Festival Couplet, Chunlian in Chinese, is the most common and important custom when celebrating Chinese New Year. The tradition dates back to thousands of years ago. With black or golden characters written on red paper, Spring Festival Couplets are composed of a pair of poetry lines pasted on the front door. Putting up couplets expresses people’s delight and hopes for a better life in the coming new year.
Best wishes!
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，假定你是李华，你的美国朋友George来信说他对中国人贴春联(Spring Festival couplets)的习俗很感兴趣，希望给他回信简要介绍一下。内容包括：1.贴春联的习俗；2.春联的寓意。
【详解】1.词汇积累
高兴的：glad→happy
重要的：important→significant
追溯到：date back to→date from
由……组成：be composed of→be made up of
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：With black or golden characters written on red paper, Spring Festival Couplets are composed of a pair of poetry lines pasted on the front door.
拓展句：With black or golden characters written on red paper, Spring Festival Couplets are composed of a pair of poetry lines, which are pasted on the front door.
【点睛】[高分句型1]I’ve learned that you show great interest in Chinese Spring Festival Couplets.(运用了that引导的宾语从句)
[高分句型2] Spring Festival Couplet, Chunlian in Chinese, is the most common and important custom when celebrating Chinese New Year. （运用了when引导的时间状语从句）
第二节 读后续写(满分25分)
67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
From an early age, Patti Wilson was told that she was an epileptic (癫痫患者). However, she was a lively and enthusiastic girl, looking at her illness as simply “an inconvenience”. She never focused on what she had lost, but on what she had left. One day, Patti said to her father, who was a morning jogger, “Daddy, I’d really love to run with you every day, but I’m afraid I’ll have an epileptic fit.”
Her father told her, “Don’t worry, my girl. I know how to handle it! Let’s start running then!”
It was a wonderful experience for the father and daughter to run together every day. After a few weeks, the ambitious girl told her father, “Daddy, What I’d really love to do is to break the world’s long-distance running record for women.” The father checked the Guinness Book of World Records and found that the farthest any woman had run was 80miles.
That year, she completed her run to San Francisco, which is a distance of 400 miles. She was wearing a T-shirt, reading, “I Love Epileptics”. Her father ran every mile at her side, and her mom, a nurse, followed in a motor home behind them in case anything went wrong. But nothing happened at all while she was running.
As a senior high school student, Patti announced that she was determined to run from her hometown up to the White House, which is a distance of more than 3000 miles away. Her classmates got behind her. They built a giant poster that read, “Run, Patti, Run!” This has since become her motto and the title of a book she later has written.
注意：
1.续写的词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
On her second marathon in Portland, she had her foot injured.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Half a year later, Patti ran in Washington and finally shook the hand of the President.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】On her second marathon in Portland, she had her foot injured. A doctor told her she had to stop her run. He said, “I’ve got to put a cast on your ankle so that you don’t sustain permanent damage.” Hearing that, she felt upset. She said, “Isn’t there a way I can keep running ” He gave her one option. He could wrap it in adhesive instead of putting it in a cast. He warned her that it would be incredibly painful, and he told her, “It will blister.” She told the doctor to wrap it up. She finished the run to Portland.
Half a year later, Patti ran in Washington and finally shook the hand of the President. She told him happily, “I wanted people to know that epileptics are normal human beings with normal lives.” Because of her noble efforts, enough money had been raised to open up 19 multi-million-dollar epileptic centers around the country. If Patti Wilson can do so much with so little, what can you do to outperform yourself in a state of total wellness
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了Patti Wilson从小被医生告知她患有癫痫，但她仅仅将它看作“一个小困难”，有一天她说想和父亲一起跑步，家人非常支持，和父亲跑了几周后，她说她想打破世界女子长跑纪录，她完成了前往旧金山的400英里赛跑，这一次她决心从家乡跑到3000多英里外的白宫，家人和朋友鼎力支持她。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“在波特兰的第二场马拉松比赛中，她的脚受伤了。”可知，第一段可描写她脚受伤，医生建议她打石膏，但为了继续跑步，她采用了医生提出的第二个治疗方法（此方法不好、会很痛），最后她完成了前往波特兰的跑步。
②由第二段首句内容“半年后，帕蒂到达华盛顿，并最终与总统握手。”可知，第二段可描写她和总统说了什么积极的话语，她的贡献及作者提出的反思。
2.续写线索：
脚受伤——拒绝医生提出的第一个治疗方法——采纳医生提出的第二个治疗方法——完成前往波特兰的跑步——到达华盛顿并和总统握手——和总统对话——所做的贡献——作者提出反思
3.词汇激活
行为类
①停止：stop/bring an end to
②完成：finish/complete
③意识到……：know that…/be aware that…
情绪类
①沮丧的：upset/depressed
②高兴地：happily/with delight
【点睛】
[高分句型1]. I’ve got to put a cast on your ankle so that you don’t sustain permanent damage. (运用了so that引导的结果状语从句)
[高分句型2]. She told him happily, “I wanted people to know that epileptics are normal human beings with normal lives.” (运用了that引导的宾语从句)
