阅读理解推理判断题限时练
（2023上·江苏·高三马坝高中校考期中）Pickled (腌制的) vegetables, fish and meat preserved in salt, and bread baked in a circle with a hole in the middle (e.g. bagels), were once the foods for the poor of all backgrounds in central and eastern Europe. But it was Jewish immigrants (犹太移民) who brought these recipes to the West, particularly to America, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Bagels and pickled foods became mainstays of Jewish deli (熟食店) cuisine,which are the subject of an exhibition at the New-York Historical Society called “I’ll Have What She’s Having”. The exhibition implicitly (含蓄地) asks whether a cuisine that has been enjoyed by millions and helped define the taste of New York City continues to be lively today.
There is a distinctly sad tone to it. Though some foods exist over several decades, the number of Jewish delis in America has dropped sharply. Black-and-white pictures of long-gone people eating at long-gone places line the exhibition’s walls. After all, the Jewish deli is a product of a bygone era,shaped by immigration, discrimination and inner-city life. As immigrants’ children fit in with the locals and moved away, the deli became one of many dining choices — less a center of communal Jewish life and more a pleasant place to occasionally cat and talk about the past.
Meanwhile, deli food itself has crossed its limits. For a while, McDonald’s in Germany offered a “Grilled Texas Bagel”. That is a senseless phrase to a deli expert: a decent bagel belongs nowhere near a grill and has nothing to do with Texas. But it suggests that bagels — like pizza, hot dogs and other foods once only consumed by particular ethnicities — now come across less as specifically Jewish than as broadly American.
The most hopeful part of the exhibit is at the end: a case of menus from modern delis across the country. They were founded by young Jewish chefs determined to keep their culinary (烹饪的) traditions alive — not because discrimination left them no other way out, but because the food is delicious, inspiring, and an irreplaceable part of America’s culinary landscape.
5．What is the theme of this exhibition
A．The history of New York.
B．The foods of Jewish delis.
C．The recipes for Jewish foods.
D．The Jewish communities in New York.
6．What does paragraph 3 tell us about the Jewish delis in America
A．They cannot provide delivery service.
B．They have lost their original special flavor.
C．They don’t suit the tastes of young Jewish people.
D．They can bring back memories of Jewish immigrants.
7．What does the name of “Grilled Texas Bagel” imply
A．Deli experts aren’t big fans of meaningless names.
B．People think bagels are more of an American food.
C．Texans aren’t very good at baking satisfactory bagels.
D．McDonald’s in Germany prefers American foods to Jewish ones.
8．How do young Jewish chefs feel about their traditional food
A．Proud. B．Worried. C．Carefree. D．Disappointed.
（2023上·江苏徐州·高三统考期中）Is future you…you It might seem like a strange philosophical question. But the answer to how you think about your future self could make the difference between decisions you ultimately find satisfying and ones you might eventually regret.
The brain patterns that emerge on an MRI (核磁共振) when people think about their future selves most resemble the brain patterns that arise when they think about strangers. This finding suggests that, in the mind’s eye, our future selves look like other people. If you see future you as a different person, why should you save money, eat healthier or exercise more regularly to benefit that stranger
However, if you see the interests of your distant self as more like those of your present self, you are considerably more likely to do things today that benefit you tomorrow. A paper in the journal PLOS One revealed that college students who experienced a greater sense of connection and similarity to their future selves were more likely to achieve academic success. Relationships with our future selves also matter for general psychological well-being. In a project led by Joseph Reiff, which includes 5,000 adults age 20 to 75, he found that those who perceived a great overlap (重叠) in traits between their current and future selves ended up being more satisfied with their lives 10 years after filling out the initial survey.
So how can we better befriend our future selves and feel more connected to their fates The psychological mindset with what we call “vividness interventions” works. We have found, for instance, that showing people images of their older, grayer selves increases intentions to save for the long term. Besides, you might try writing a letter to—and then from—your future self. As demonstrated by Yuta Chishima and Anne Wilson in their 2020 study in the journal Self and Identity, when high-school students engaged in this type of “send-and-reply” exercise, they experienced elevated levels of feelings of similarity with their future selves.
Letter-writing and visualization exercises are just a couple of ways we can connect with our future selves and beyond, but the larger lesson here is clear: If we can treat our distant selves as if they are people we love, care about and want to support, we can start making choices for them that improve our lives—both today and tomorrow.
13．What’s the function of paragraph 2
A．Generating further discussion. B．Introducing a research result.
C．Showing the effect of the finding. D．Concluding various viewpoints.
14．How does the author prove his statements
A．By offering relevant statistics. B．By using quotations.
C．By referring to previous findings. D．By making comparisons.
15．What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A．Benefits of befriending our future selves. B．Ways of connecting with our future selves.
C．Methods of changing psychological mindsets. D．Possibilities of us becoming our future selves.
16．What does the article want to tell us
A．Making future plans makes a difference. B．Our future selves look like other people.
C．Getting to know your future self benefits. D．Your choice determines future happiness.
（2023上·辽宁·高三校联考期中）Do you have frightening dreams while sleeping According to an email interview by clinical psychologist and sleep expert Dr. Michael Breus, roughly 5 percent of the general population has at least one bad dream per week. Nightmares typically happen during REM sleep, during the middle and later parts of the night.
There is no exact explanation for nightmares, but Breus says it’s possible that they help the brain practise, prepare for and even predict difficult or dangerous experiences in waking life. Of course, it’s possible that nightmares, like dreams in general, don’t have a primary function — that they’re a by-product of other activities in the body. But most sleep scientists think that dreams and nightmares exist for some purposes.
One study found the most common nightmare was falling, followed by dreams of being chased, feeling lost, and feeling trapped. Then why do nightmares happen
“Certain circumstances and characteristics make some people more likely to have nightmares than others,” says sleep medicine specialist Dr. Barry Krakow. He thinks people who’ve been traumatized (使受精神创伤) are certainly at a higher risk of nightmares Examples are offered of those who have suffered criminal attacks, or who have been in life-threatening accidents. People with some degree of sensitivity in their biological make-up are also more likely to have bad dreams, so they’re more common in people who suffer from anxiety or depression, or who use excess drugs or alcohol. The traditional belief often has it that nightmares are the result of eating too much rich food before bedtime, but it is still uncertain whether this is true. One study from 2015 did find a link between eating dairy or hot foods before bedtime and having disturbing dreams, but the study authors noted that this couldn’t be proven definitely because the data was self-reported and there were a lot of other factors to consider.
However, research in recent decades has shown that people who suffer from sleep disorders are also more likely to have nightmares.
17．What may Dr. Breus agree with about nightmares
A．They happen for certain purposes. B．They are similar to daydreams.
C．They possibly help predict future events. D．They come true once in a while.
18．Who does Dr. Krakow think tends to suffer nightmares
A．John who often stays up late. B．Peter who has had terrible experiences.
C．Jack who is sensitive to alcohol. D．Paul who sleeps soundly at night.
19．How does the traditional belief explain nightmares
A．They are often caused by irregular bedtimes.
B．They are based on disturbing life experiences.
C．They are the consequence of negative feelings.
D．They are related to what is taken before bedtime.
20．From which section of a website is the text probably taken
A．Mental health. B．Life experiences. C．Eating habits. D．Popular culture.
（2023上·北京·高三北京市第十三中学校考期中）
Adam Zibluk is a 15-year-old Life Scout (童子军) in Troop 70 in Newtown, CT. He was also recently the Troop’s Senior Patrol Leader, the highest ranking boy in the troop!
Last summer, he, along with 15 other boys from the Troop completed scouting’s greatest adventure, backpacking over 50 miles in 7 days in the wilderness at the Philmont Scout Ranch in New Mexico!
While Adam’s Scouting achievements are impressive on their own, his time in Scouts has not always been so easy. Adam has hemophilia, a medical condition that can cause severe bleeding from even a slight injury. And as a Boy Scout, spending much time out in the wilderness, it is quite common to get minor injuries. Because of his condition, Adam has had to miss some Scouting activities over the years.
The first few days of Adam’s backpacking in Philmont went smooth. But on the 3rd day, while unloading his gear at a remote campsite, he felt a sharp pain in his back.Adam told the adult leaders about his back and that he was starting to not feel well.They made the decision to call Philmont base camp to seek medical attention.
It was getting dark and rain threatened. Two doctors set out into the night on backcountry roads and then hiked in the last 1/2 mile to find Adam. They did some tests and decided to take him back with them to base camp. It was a tough moment for Adam and for the rest of the scout crew. While Adam returned to base camp, the rest of the boys backpacked on. To encourage Adam, they took one of his shirts with them and took photos of it along the way, which they sent to him.
A few days passed and Adam was feeling better. The doctors cleared him to return to the backcountry! Finally, Adam finished the trek with his crew. He is now one of the only Boy Scouts with hemophilia to have ever participated in and completed a Philmont Trek.
What encouraged Adam to take on this challenge despite the risk “I thought it would be fun and a good thing to do as long as I was prepared. And my parents have always encouraged me not to let hemophilia be the only factor in ANY decision.”
21．What has stopped Adam from participating in some Scouting activities over the years
A．Inadequate trek experience. B．His fear of the wilderness.
C．Lack of camping skills. D．His health condition.
22．Why did Adam participate in this challenging activity
A．He had a love for it. B．He was eager to be a leader.
C．He wanted to set a record. D．His parents decided for him.
23．Which of the following words can best describe Adam
A．Athletic and ambitious. B．Considerate and fearless.
C．Courageous and determined. D．Confident and knowledgeable.
（2023·浙江·德清县高级中学校考模拟预测）It’s easy to assume that a vacation to Bali will cost a small fortune. There are plenty of accommodations, food and local transportation, and even the spas offer massages and treatments at value prices. However, you can easily spend a week or two in Bali for under $2,000, without having to sleep on the beach. Here are a few things to consider when planning Bali on a budget.
What is the best time to visit Bali on a budget
If you’re on a budget, consider visiting Bali during the lower, wetter season, which runs from October through March. The crowds will be fewer, and both hotel rates and flights from abroad are often cheaper, except during the holiday period between mid-December and early January, when crowds swell. The only trade-off for the lower prices is the wet season. This time of year isn’t always ideal for sunbathing, and serious rainfall can make outdoor activities, such as whitewater rafting and visiting waterfalls and rice terraces, less than appealing. That said, even during rainy season, it doesn’t usually rain all day long. Expect bursts of sunshine between the storms.
What is the cheapest way to get around Bali
The absolute cheapest way to get around Bali is by local bus, but it can take a long time. There are also tourist buses, including hop-on, hop-off options, that travel between different hubs across the island. Bali is well-served by taxis, both of the car and motorbike variety, and the prices tend to be affordable by international standards. Most drivers will offer you a fixed rate for full-day hires or to get from point A to point B, rather than using a meter.
Remember to bargain; doing so is particularly easy when a driver is on his own rather than at a taxi stand.
How much does food cost in Bali
If you’re into fine dining, you can end up spending a large chunk of your budget on food. Eating at the average restaurant geared towards tourists is the best way to have a meal in Bali on a budget. A good meal should cost you around 100,000 rupiah (around $7), but if you’re willing to subsist mostly off of local specialties such as nasi goreng (fried rice) and eat at local restaurants, you can expect to pay around 30,000 rupiah ($2) to get fed. Best of all, most hotels and guesthouses in Bali come with free breakfast, and many offer heavier options of noodles and meat that may keep you full until lunch.
9．Which of the following situation can be best described by the underlined word trade-off in paragraph 2
A．Jack got a reward after he returned the lost bag to its owner.
B．Lily spent much money buying some handicrafts at the local fair.
C．Wendy cancelled her trip in order to prevent the spread of the virus.
D．Sam was scolded by his parents for what he did in school last night.
10．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．It’s better for outdoor enthusiasts to visit Bali during the off season.
B．Passengers had better fix the price with drivers before the taxi pulls out from the station.
C．If on a tight budget, one is advised to visit Bali at the end of December every year.
D．It’s relatively economical to eat merely at average restaurants tailored to visitors.
11．In which column of a magazine can you most probably find this passage
A．City and Transport. B．Travel and Recreation.
C．Nature and Environment. D．Food and Health.
（2023秋·湖南娄底·高三湖南省新化县第一中学校考期末）One night in March, five years ago, during happy hour at a bar in my hometown, I made a surprise announcement to my friends: I was going to shut down my law practice and attempt to travel around the globe in a year. What’s more, I would do it without taking any flights or making a single advance reservation of any kind. My announcement drew mixed reactions from my friends. Some offered support and encouragement, while others were more doubtful.
Once I’d said the words, there was no turning back. It took months to shut down my law practice and get things in order. Once I set off on my adventure in October 2016, I found that travelling without using planes was not easy. Trying to circle the globe in 16 months (it took me a bit longer than the initial 12 months I planned) made it even tougher. Even so, travelling overland was the most awe-inspiring way to truly understand the immensity of our wonderful planet.
I took three consecutive overnight buses to travel 3,000 km through Argentina, from Ushuaia, the world’s southernmost city, to the capital Buenos Aires. I would look out the windows for hours on end at the completely unspoiled plains, as if humans had never touched it.
It took seven consecutive days and nights on trains to get from Moscow to Beijing, each day spent gazing out the windows for hours as the West Siberian Plain swept by. Sometimes, I wouldn’t see a village or a human being for 10 hours. Later in my journey, it took 22 days on a cargo freighter to get from New Zealand through the Panama Canal and back to Philadelphia, to finish my round-the-world adventure.
It turned out that travelling with no reservations was far less difficult than I had imagined. Pulling into a city on a bus with a backpack, looking in a guidebook for a few suggestions of accommodations, and then finding an empty room was never much of a problem anywhere. It also kept me flexible and open about all my travel plans, which is advice I give everyone who asks—plan far less than you think you should.
23．The author’s trip was special in that .
A．he made it at the expense of giving up his job B．it hardly cost him anything
C．he did not make advance booking or travel by air D．it was a global trip
24．The author most probably returned to the United States in .
A．June 2017 B．December 2018
C．October 2017 D．February 2018
25．What’s the correct order of the places that the author travelled to
①Moscow ②Philadelphia ③New Zealand ④Ushuaia ⑤Beijing ⑥Buenos
A．⑤④①⑥③② B．④⑥①⑤③②
C．④⑤①⑥③② D．⑤①⑥④③②
26．What does the author think of his around-the-world tour
A．challenging but pleasing B．dangerous but wonderful
C．boring and disappointing D．costly and painful
19阅读理解推理判断题限时练
（2023上·江苏·高三马坝高中校考期中）Pickled (腌制的) vegetables, fish and meat preserved in salt, and bread baked in a circle with a hole in the middle (e.g. bagels), were once the foods for the poor of all backgrounds in central and eastern Europe. But it was Jewish immigrants (犹太移民) who brought these recipes to the West, particularly to America, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Bagels and pickled foods became mainstays of Jewish deli (熟食店) cuisine,which are the subject of an exhibition at the New-York Historical Society called “I’ll Have What She’s Having”. The exhibition implicitly (含蓄地) asks whether a cuisine that has been enjoyed by millions and helped define the taste of New York City continues to be lively today.
There is a distinctly sad tone to it. Though some foods exist over several decades, the number of Jewish delis in America has dropped sharply. Black-and-white pictures of long-gone people eating at long-gone places line the exhibition’s walls. After all, the Jewish deli is a product of a bygone era,shaped by immigration, discrimination and inner-city life. As immigrants’ children fit in with the locals and moved away, the deli became one of many dining choices — less a center of communal Jewish life and more a pleasant place to occasionally cat and talk about the past.
Meanwhile, deli food itself has crossed its limits. For a while, McDonald’s in Germany offered a “Grilled Texas Bagel”. That is a senseless phrase to a deli expert: a decent bagel belongs nowhere near a grill and has nothing to do with Texas. But it suggests that bagels — like pizza, hot dogs and other foods once only consumed by particular ethnicities — now come across less as specifically Jewish than as broadly American.
The most hopeful part of the exhibit is at the end: a case of menus from modern delis across the country. They were founded by young Jewish chefs determined to keep their culinary (烹饪的) traditions alive — not because discrimination left them no other way out, but because the food is delicious, inspiring, and an irreplaceable part of America’s culinary landscape.
5．What is the theme of this exhibition
A．The history of New York.
B．The foods of Jewish delis.
C．The recipes for Jewish foods.
D．The Jewish communities in New York.
6．What does paragraph 3 tell us about the Jewish delis in America
A．They cannot provide delivery service.
B．They have lost their original special flavor.
C．They don’t suit the tastes of young Jewish people.
D．They can bring back memories of Jewish immigrants.
7．What does the name of “Grilled Texas Bagel” imply
A．Deli experts aren’t big fans of meaningless names.
B．People think bagels are more of an American food.
C．Texans aren’t very good at baking satisfactory bagels.
D．McDonald’s in Germany prefers American foods to Jewish ones.
8．How do young Jewish chefs feel about their traditional food
A．Proud. B．Worried. C．Carefree. D．Disappointed.
【答案】5．B 6．D 7．B 8．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了纽约历史学会举办的以犹太熟食店为主题的展览。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Bagels and pickled foods became mainstays of Jewish deli (熟食店) cuisine, which are the subject of an exhibition at the New-York Historical Society called ‘I’ll Have What She’s Having’.(百吉饼和腌制食物成为犹太熟食的主流，这是纽约历史学会的一个名为‘我要吃她点的东西’的展览主题)”可知，该展览的主题是犹太熟食店的食物，故选B。
6．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Black-and-white pictures of long-gone people eating at long-gone places line the exhibition’s walls.(展览的墙上挂着很久以前的人们在很久以前的地方吃饭的黑白照片)”和“As immigrants’ children fit in with the locals and moved away, the deli became one of many dining choices — less a center of communal Jewish life and more a pleasant place to occasionally cat and talk about the past.(随着移民的孩子们适应了当地人的生活，搬走了，这家熟食店成为了众多就餐选择之一——它不再是犹太人共同生活的中心，而更像是一个偶尔聊天和谈论过去的愉快场所)”可知，美国的犹太熟食店能唤起犹太移民的回忆，故选D。
7．细节理解题。根据第四段中“For a while, McDonald’s in Germany offered a ‘Grilled Texas Bagel’. That is a senseless phrase to a deli expert: a decent bagel belongs nowhere near a grill and has nothing to do with Texas. But it suggests that bagels — like pizza, hot dogs and other foods once only consumed by particular ethnicities — now come across less as specifically Jewish than as broadly American.(有一段时间，麦当劳在德国提供‘烤德克萨斯百吉饼’。对于一个熟食店专家来说，这是一个毫无意义的组合：一个体面的百吉饼不属于烤架附近，也与德克萨斯州无关。但它表明，像披萨、热狗和其他曾经只被特定种族消费的食物一样，百吉饼现在与其说是代表着具体的犹太人，不如说是代表着广泛的美国人)”可知，“烤德克萨斯百吉饼”这个名字表明人们认为百吉饼更像是美国食物，故选B。
8．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The most hopeful part of the exhibit is at the end: a case of menus from modern delis across the country. They were founded by young Jewish chefs determined to keep their culinary (烹饪的) traditions alive — not because discrimination left them no other way out, but because the food is delicious, inspiring, and an irreplaceable part of America’s culinary landscape.(展览最有希望的部分是在最后：一箱现代熟食店的菜单。他们是由年轻的犹太厨师创立的，他们决心保持自己的烹饪传统——不是因为偏见让他们没有其他出路，而是因为食物美味，令人振奋，是美国烹饪景观中不可替代的一部分)”可知，犹太厨师认为犹太食物美味且令人振奋，是美国烹饪景观中不可替代的一部分，故犹太厨师对他们的传统食物感到骄傲，故选A。
（2023上·江苏徐州·高三统考期中）Is future you…you It might seem like a strange philosophical question. But the answer to how you think about your future self could make the difference between decisions you ultimately find satisfying and ones you might eventually regret.
The brain patterns that emerge on an MRI (核磁共振) when people think about their future selves most resemble the brain patterns that arise when they think about strangers. This finding suggests that, in the mind’s eye, our future selves look like other people. If you see future you as a different person, why should you save money, eat healthier or exercise more regularly to benefit that stranger
However, if you see the interests of your distant self as more like those of your present self, you are considerably more likely to do things today that benefit you tomorrow. A paper in the journal PLOS One revealed that college students who experienced a greater sense of connection and similarity to their future selves were more likely to achieve academic success. Relationships with our future selves also matter for general psychological well-being. In a project led by Joseph Reiff, which includes 5,000 adults age 20 to 75, he found that those who perceived a great overlap (重叠) in traits between their current and future selves ended up being more satisfied with their lives 10 years after filling out the initial survey.
So how can we better befriend our future selves and feel more connected to their fates The psychological mindset with what we call “vividness interventions” works. We have found, for instance, that showing people images of their older, grayer selves increases intentions to save for the long term. Besides, you might try writing a letter to—and then from—your future self. As demonstrated by Yuta Chishima and Anne Wilson in their 2020 study in the journal Self and Identity, when high-school students engaged in this type of “send-and-reply” exercise, they experienced elevated levels of feelings of similarity with their future selves.
Letter-writing and visualization exercises are just a couple of ways we can connect with our future selves and beyond, but the larger lesson here is clear: If we can treat our distant selves as if they are people we love, care about and want to support, we can start making choices for them that improve our lives—both today and tomorrow.
13．What’s the function of paragraph 2
A．Generating further discussion. B．Introducing a research result.
C．Showing the effect of the finding. D．Concluding various viewpoints.
14．How does the author prove his statements
A．By offering relevant statistics. B．By using quotations.
C．By referring to previous findings. D．By making comparisons.
15．What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A．Benefits of befriending our future selves. B．Ways of connecting with our future selves.
C．Methods of changing psychological mindsets. D．Possibilities of us becoming our future selves.
16．What does the article want to tell us
A．Making future plans makes a difference. B．Our future selves look like other people.
C．Getting to know your future self benefits. D．Your choice determines future happiness.
【答案】13．A 14．C 15．B 16．D
【导语】本文是说明文。介绍了与未来自己建立联系的好处，如何与未来的自己建立联系，并为未来做出有益的选择。
13．推理判断题。根据第二段“The brain patterns that emerge on an MRI (核磁共振) when people think about their future selves most resemble the brain patterns that arise when they think about strangers. This finding suggests that, in the mind’s eye, our future selves look like other people. If you see future you as a different person, why should you save money, eat healthier or exercise more regularly to benefit that stranger (当人们想到未来的自己时，核磁共振成像显示的大脑模式与他们想到陌生人时的大脑模式最相似。这一发现表明，在大脑眼中，我们未来的自己看起来和其他人很像。如果你把未来的自己看作是一个不同的人，为什么你要为了那个陌生人而存钱、吃得更健康或更有规律地锻炼呢？)”可知，本段通过设问来引出下文，产生进一步的讨论，为什么要和未来的自己建立联系。故选A项。
14．推理判断题。根据第三段“A paper in the journal PLOS One revealed that college students who experienced a greater sense of connection and similarity to their future selves were more likely to achieve academic success. Relationships with our future selves also matter for general psychological well-being. In a project led by Joseph Reiff, which includes 5,000 adults age 20 to 75, he found that those who perceived a great overlap (重叠) in traits between their current and future selves ended up being more satisfied with their lives 10 years after filling out the initial survey.(发表在《公共科学图书馆·综合》(PLOS One)杂志上的一篇论文显示，与未来的自己有更强联系感和相似性的大学生更有可能取得学业上的成功。与未来自我的关系也关系到整体的心理健康。在约瑟夫·赖夫(Joseph Reiff)领导的一个项目中，他对5000名年龄在20岁到75岁之间的成年人进行了调查。他发现，那些认为现在的自己和未来的自己在特征上有很大重合的人，在填写最初的调查问卷10年后，对自己的生活更满意)”可知，作者通过参考先前的发现来证明他的陈述。故选C项。
15．主旨大意题。根据第四段“So how can we better befriend our future selves and feel more connected to their fates The psychological mindset with what we call “vividness interventions” works. We have found, for instance, that showing people images of their older, grayer selves increases intentions to save for the long term. Besides, you might try writing a letter to—and then from—your future self. As demonstrated by Yuta Chishima and Anne Wilson in their 2020 study in the journal Self and Identity, when high-school students engaged in this type of “send-and-reply” exercise, they experienced elevated levels of feelings of similarity with their future selves.(那么，我们如何才能更好地与未来的自己交朋友，并与他们的命运更紧密地联系在一起呢？我们称之为“生动干预”的心理心态起作用了。例如，我们发现，向人们展示他们年老、白发苍苍的自己的照片会增加他们长期储蓄的意愿。此外，你可以试着给未来的自己写封信。正如Yuta Chishima和Anne Wilson在2020年发表在《自我与身份》(Self and Identity)杂志上的研究中所表明的那样，当高中生进行这种“发送和回复”的练习时，他们会感受到与未来自我的相似性)”可知，本段主要介绍了与未来的自己联系的方式。故选B项。
16．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Letter-writing and visualization exercises are just a couple of ways we can connect with our future selves and beyond, but the larger lesson here is clear: If we can treat our distant selves as if they are people we love, care about and want to support, we can start making choices for them that improve our lives—both today and tomorrow.(写信和想象练习只是我们与未来的自己以及未来的自己联系的几种方式，但这里更大的教训很清楚：如果我们能把遥远的自己当作我们爱的、关心的、想要支持的人来对待，我们就能开始为他们做出改善我们生活的选择——无论是今天还是明天)”以及纵观全文可知，本文主要讲述了你的选择决定未来的幸福。故选D项。
（2023上·辽宁·高三校联考期中）Do you have frightening dreams while sleeping According to an email interview by clinical psychologist and sleep expert Dr. Michael Breus, roughly 5 percent of the general population has at least one bad dream per week. Nightmares typically happen during REM sleep, during the middle and later parts of the night.
There is no exact explanation for nightmares, but Breus says it’s possible that they help the brain practise, prepare for and even predict difficult or dangerous experiences in waking life. Of course, it’s possible that nightmares, like dreams in general, don’t have a primary function — that they’re a by-product of other activities in the body. But most sleep scientists think that dreams and nightmares exist for some purposes.
One study found the most common nightmare was falling, followed by dreams of being chased, feeling lost, and feeling trapped. Then why do nightmares happen
“Certain circumstances and characteristics make some people more likely to have nightmares than others,” says sleep medicine specialist Dr. Barry Krakow. He thinks people who’ve been traumatized (使受精神创伤) are certainly at a higher risk of nightmares Examples are offered of those who have suffered criminal attacks, or who have been in life-threatening accidents. People with some degree of sensitivity in their biological make-up are also more likely to have bad dreams, so they’re more common in people who suffer from anxiety or depression, or who use excess drugs or alcohol. The traditional belief often has it that nightmares are the result of eating too much rich food before bedtime, but it is still uncertain whether this is true. One study from 2015 did find a link between eating dairy or hot foods before bedtime and having disturbing dreams, but the study authors noted that this couldn’t be proven definitely because the data was self-reported and there were a lot of other factors to consider.
However, research in recent decades has shown that people who suffer from sleep disorders are also more likely to have nightmares.
17．What may Dr. Breus agree with about nightmares
A．They happen for certain purposes. B．They are similar to daydreams.
C．They possibly help predict future events. D．They come true once in a while.
18．Who does Dr. Krakow think tends to suffer nightmares
A．John who often stays up late. B．Peter who has had terrible experiences.
C．Jack who is sensitive to alcohol. D．Paul who sleeps soundly at night.
19．How does the traditional belief explain nightmares
A．They are often caused by irregular bedtimes.
B．They are based on disturbing life experiences.
C．They are the consequence of negative feelings.
D．They are related to what is taken before bedtime.
20．From which section of a website is the text probably taken
A．Mental health. B．Life experiences. C．Eating habits. D．Popular culture.
【答案】17．C 18．B 19．D 20．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了科学家对于做噩梦原因的分析以及一些导致做噩梦的因素。
17．细节理解题。根据第二段“There is no exact explanation for nightmares, but Breus says it’s possible that they help the brain practise, prepare for and even predict difficult or dangerous experiences in waking life.(关于噩梦，目前还没有确切的解释，但布鲁斯说，噩梦可能有助于大脑练习、准备，甚至预测醒着的生活中困难或危险的经历)”可知，布鲁斯博士认同噩梦可能有助于预测未来的事件。故选C。
18．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“He thinks people who’ve been traumatized (使受精神创伤) are certainly at a higher risk of nightmares Examples are offered of those who have suffered criminal attacks, or who have been in life-threatening accidents.(他认为，受到精神创伤的人做噩梦的风险肯定更高，比如那些遭受过犯罪袭击的人，或者遭遇过危及生命的事故的人)”可推知，Krakow会认为有过可怕经历的彼得更容易做噩梦。故选B。
19．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“One study from 2015 did find a link between eating dairy or hot foods before bedtime and having disturbing dreams, but the study authors noted that this couldn’t be proven definitely because the data was self-reported and there were a lot of other factors to consider.(2015年的一项研究确实发现了睡前吃乳制品或热食物与做噩梦之间的联系，但研究作者指出，这并不能得到肯定的证明，因为数据是自我报告的，还有很多其他因素需要考虑)”可知，传统观念认为噩梦与睡前吃的东西有关。故选D。
20．推理判断题。根据第一段“Do you have frightening dreams while sleeping According to an email interview by clinical psychologist and sleep expert Dr. Michael Breus, roughly 5 percent of the general population has at least one bad dream per week. Nightmares typically happen during REM sleep, during the middle and later parts of the night.(你睡觉时会做可怕的梦吗？根据临床心理学家和睡眠专家Michael Breus博士的电子邮件采访，大约5%的人每周至少做一次噩梦。噩梦通常发生在快速眼动睡眠期间，在夜间的中段和后期)”结合文章主要说明了科学家对于做噩梦原因的分析以及一些导致做噩梦的因素。可推知，文章选自网站的“心理健康”部分。故选A。
（2023上·北京·高三北京市第十三中学校考期中）
Adam Zibluk is a 15-year-old Life Scout (童子军) in Troop 70 in Newtown, CT. He was also recently the Troop’s Senior Patrol Leader, the highest ranking boy in the troop!
Last summer, he, along with 15 other boys from the Troop completed scouting’s greatest adventure, backpacking over 50 miles in 7 days in the wilderness at the Philmont Scout Ranch in New Mexico!
While Adam’s Scouting achievements are impressive on their own, his time in Scouts has not always been so easy. Adam has hemophilia, a medical condition that can cause severe bleeding from even a slight injury. And as a Boy Scout, spending much time out in the wilderness, it is quite common to get minor injuries. Because of his condition, Adam has had to miss some Scouting activities over the years.
The first few days of Adam’s backpacking in Philmont went smooth. But on the 3rd day, while unloading his gear at a remote campsite, he felt a sharp pain in his back.Adam told the adult leaders about his back and that he was starting to not feel well.They made the decision to call Philmont base camp to seek medical attention.
It was getting dark and rain threatened. Two doctors set out into the night on backcountry roads and then hiked in the last 1/2 mile to find Adam. They did some tests and decided to take him back with them to base camp. It was a tough moment for Adam and for the rest of the scout crew. While Adam returned to base camp, the rest of the boys backpacked on. To encourage Adam, they took one of his shirts with them and took photos of it along the way, which they sent to him.
A few days passed and Adam was feeling better. The doctors cleared him to return to the backcountry! Finally, Adam finished the trek with his crew. He is now one of the only Boy Scouts with hemophilia to have ever participated in and completed a Philmont Trek.
What encouraged Adam to take on this challenge despite the risk “I thought it would be fun and a good thing to do as long as I was prepared. And my parents have always encouraged me not to let hemophilia be the only factor in ANY decision.”
21．What has stopped Adam from participating in some Scouting activities over the years
A．Inadequate trek experience. B．His fear of the wilderness.
C．Lack of camping skills. D．His health condition.
22．Why did Adam participate in this challenging activity
A．He had a love for it. B．He was eager to be a leader.
C．He wanted to set a record. D．His parents decided for him.
23．Which of the following words can best describe Adam
A．Athletic and ambitious. B．Considerate and fearless.
C．Courageous and determined. D．Confident and knowledgeable.
【答案】21．D 22．A 23．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了十五岁的童子军Adam克服重重困难，不畏艰险，完成了一项挑战的故事。
21．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Adam has hemophilia, a medical condition that can cause severe bleeding from even a slight injury.（Adam患有血友病，这种疾病即使是轻微的伤害也会导致严重的出血。）”和“Because of his condition, Adam has had to miss some Scouting activities over the years.（由于他的身体状况，这些年来Adam不得不错过一些童子军活动。）”可知，是健康问题阻止了Adam参加一些童子军活动。故选D项。
22．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“I thought it would be fun and a good thing to do as long as I was prepared.（我认为只要我做好了准备，这将是一件有趣的好事。）”可知，Adam参加挑战是因为他觉得挑战很有乐趣，由此可推知，他很喜欢这项挑战活动。故选A项。
23．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“What encouraged Adam to take on this challenge despite the risk “I thought it would be fun and a good thing to do as long as I was prepared. And my parents have always encouraged me to not let hemophilia be the only factor in ANY decision.”（是什么鼓励亚当不顾风险接受这个挑战？“我认为只要我做好了准备，这将是一件有趣的好事。我的父母一直鼓励我不要让血友病成为做任何决定的唯一因素。”）”可知，是自己的决心和父母的鼓励，让Adam不畏危险完成这项挑战。可以推断，Adam是一个勇敢和意志坚定的人。故选C项。
（2023·浙江·德清县高级中学校考模拟预测）It’s easy to assume that a vacation to Bali will cost a small fortune. There are plenty of accommodations, food and local transportation, and even the spas offer massages and treatments at value prices. However, you can easily spend a week or two in Bali for under $2,000, without having to sleep on the beach. Here are a few things to consider when planning Bali on a budget.
What is the best time to visit Bali on a budget
If you’re on a budget, consider visiting Bali during the lower, wetter season, which runs from October through March. The crowds will be fewer, and both hotel rates and flights from abroad are often cheaper, except during the holiday period between mid-December and early January, when crowds swell. The only trade-off for the lower prices is the wet season. This time of year isn’t always ideal for sunbathing, and serious rainfall can make outdoor activities, such as whitewater rafting and visiting waterfalls and rice terraces, less than appealing. That said, even during rainy season, it doesn’t usually rain all day long. Expect bursts of sunshine between the storms.
What is the cheapest way to get around Bali
The absolute cheapest way to get around Bali is by local bus, but it can take a long time. There are also tourist buses, including hop-on, hop-off options, that travel between different hubs across the island. Bali is well-served by taxis, both of the car and motorbike variety, and the prices tend to be affordable by international standards. Most drivers will offer you a fixed rate for full-day hires or to get from point A to point B, rather than using a meter.
Remember to bargain; doing so is particularly easy when a driver is on his own rather than at a taxi stand.
How much does food cost in Bali
If you’re into fine dining, you can end up spending a large chunk of your budget on food. Eating at the average restaurant geared towards tourists is the best way to have a meal in Bali on a budget. A good meal should cost you around 100,000 rupiah (around $7), but if you’re willing to subsist mostly off of local specialties such as nasi goreng (fried rice) and eat at local restaurants, you can expect to pay around 30,000 rupiah ($2) to get fed. Best of all, most hotels and guesthouses in Bali come with free breakfast, and many offer heavier options of noodles and meat that may keep you full until lunch.
9．Which of the following situation can be best described by the underlined word trade-off in paragraph 2
A．Jack got a reward after he returned the lost bag to its owner.
B．Lily spent much money buying some handicrafts at the local fair.
C．Wendy cancelled her trip in order to prevent the spread of the virus.
D．Sam was scolded by his parents for what he did in school last night.
10．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．It’s better for outdoor enthusiasts to visit Bali during the off season.
B．Passengers had better fix the price with drivers before the taxi pulls out from the station.
C．If on a tight budget, one is advised to visit Bali at the end of December every year.
D．It’s relatively economical to eat merely at average restaurants tailored to visitors.
11．In which column of a magazine can you most probably find this passage
A．City and Transport. B．Travel and Recreation.
C．Nature and Environment. D．Food and Health.
【答案】9．C 10．D 11．B
【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了三个去巴厘岛度假省钱的办法。
9．词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“This time of year isn’t always ideal for sunbathing, and serious rainfall can make outdoor activities, such as whitewater rafting and visiting waterfalls and rice terraces, less than appealing.(每年的这个时候并不总是日光浴的理想时间，而且严重的降雨会使户外活动，如漂流、参观瀑布和梯田，没有吸引力)”可知，价格下降的原因是雨季这一代价。划线词意为“代价”。故C选项“为了防止病毒的传播，温迪取消了她的旅行”最能描述画线词，温迪以失去旅行为代价，换取防止病毒传播。故选C。
10．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Eating at the average restaurant geared towards tourists is the best way to have a meal in Bali on a budget.(要想在巴厘岛省钱，在一家面向游客的普通餐厅吃饭是最好的办法)”结合选项可知，在为游客量身定制的普通餐厅吃饭相对经济省钱。故选D。
11．推理判断题。根据第一段“It’s easy to assume that a vacation to Bali will cost a small fortune. There are plenty of accommodations, food and local transportation, and even the spas offer massages and treatments at value prices. However, you can easily spend a week or two in Bali for under $2,000, without having to sleep on the beach. Here are a few things to consider when planning Bali on a budget.(人们很容易认为去巴厘岛度假会花一大笔钱。这里有充足的住宿，食物和当地交通，甚至水疗中心提供合理价位的按摩和治疗。然而，你也可以花不到2000美元在巴厘岛度过一两个星期，甚至不用在海滩上睡觉。以下是在规划巴厘岛预算时需要考虑的一些事情)”结合文章主要介绍了三个去巴厘岛度假省钱的办法。可推知，你最可能在杂志的“旅游和娱乐”专栏里找到这篇文章。故选B。
（2023秋·湖南娄底·高三湖南省新化县第一中学校考期末）One night in March, five years ago, during happy hour at a bar in my hometown, I made a surprise announcement to my friends: I was going to shut down my law practice and attempt to travel around the globe in a year. What’s more, I would do it without taking any flights or making a single advance reservation of any kind. My announcement drew mixed reactions from my friends. Some offered support and encouragement, while others were more doubtful.
Once I’d said the words, there was no turning back. It took months to shut down my law practice and get things in order. Once I set off on my adventure in October 2016, I found that travelling without using planes was not easy. Trying to circle the globe in 16 months (it took me a bit longer than the initial 12 months I planned) made it even tougher. Even so, travelling overland was the most awe-inspiring way to truly understand the immensity of our wonderful planet.
I took three consecutive overnight buses to travel 3,000 km through Argentina, from Ushuaia, the world’s southernmost city, to the capital Buenos Aires. I would look out the windows for hours on end at the completely unspoiled plains, as if humans had never touched it.
It took seven consecutive days and nights on trains to get from Moscow to Beijing, each day spent gazing out the windows for hours as the West Siberian Plain swept by. Sometimes, I wouldn’t see a village or a human being for 10 hours. Later in my journey, it took 22 days on a cargo freighter to get from New Zealand through the Panama Canal and back to Philadelphia, to finish my round-the-world adventure.
It turned out that travelling with no reservations was far less difficult than I had imagined. Pulling into a city on a bus with a backpack, looking in a guidebook for a few suggestions of accommodations, and then finding an empty room was never much of a problem anywhere. It also kept me flexible and open about all my travel plans, which is advice I give everyone who asks—plan far less than you think you should.
23．The author’s trip was special in that .
A．he made it at the expense of giving up his job B．it hardly cost him anything
C．he did not make advance booking or travel by air D．it was a global trip
24．The author most probably returned to the United States in .
A．June 2017 B．December 2018
C．October 2017 D．February 2018
25．What’s the correct order of the places that the author travelled to
①Moscow ②Philadelphia ③New Zealand ④Ushuaia ⑤Beijing ⑥Buenos
A．⑤④①⑥③② B．④⑥①⑤③②
C．④⑤①⑥③② D．⑤①⑥④③②
26．What does the author think of his around-the-world tour
A．challenging but pleasing B．dangerous but wonderful
C．boring and disappointing D．costly and painful
【答案】23．C 24．D 25．B 26．A
【分析】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲了作者在没有任何计划的前提下进行了环球旅行，结果证明毫无准备地旅行比想象的要容易得多。
23．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“What’s more, I would do it without taking any flights or making a single advance reservation of any kind.(此外，我也不会乘坐任何航班，也不会提前预订任何种类的机票)”可知，作者旅行的特别之处是没有提前预定，也没有坐飞机。故选C。
24．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Once I set off on my adventure in October 2016, I found that travelling without using planes was not easy. Trying to circle the globe in 16 months (it took me a bit longer than the initial 12 months I planned) made it even tougher.(当我在2016年10月开始我的冒险之旅时，我发现不使用飞机旅行并不容易。试着在16个月内绕地球一周〔这比我最初计划的12个月要长一些〕让事情变得更加困难)”由此可知，作者2016年10月出发，16个月后返回，即作者最有可能在2018年2月回到美国。故选D。
25．细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“I took three consecutive overnight buses to travel 3,000 km through Argentina, from Ushuaia, the world’s southernmost city, to the capital Buenos Aires. (我连续乘坐了三趟通宵巴士，从世界最南端的城市乌斯怀亚到首都布宜诺斯艾利斯，穿越阿根廷3000公里)”、第四段第一句“It took seven consecutive days and nights on trains to get from Moscow to Beijing (从莫斯科到北京坐了连续七天的火车)”及第四段最后一句“Later in my journey, it took 22 days on a cargo freighter to get from New Zealand through the Panama Canal and back to Philadelphia, to finish my round-the-world adventure. (在我后来的旅程中，我用了22天的时间乘坐货轮从新西兰穿过巴拿马运河回到费城，完成了我的环球冒险)”可知，作者的旅行路线是乌斯怀亚，布宜诺斯艾利斯，莫斯科，北京，新西兰，费城。故选B。
26．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“I found travelling without using planes was not easy.”可知，作者在2008年12月开始他的冒险之旅时，他发现不坐飞机旅行并不容易；结合最后一段中“It turned out that travelling with no reservations was far less difficult than had imagined. Pulling into a city on a bus with a backpack, looking in a guidebook for a few suggestions of accommodations, and then finding an empty room was never much of a problem anywhere.(没有计划的旅行远没有想象中那么困难，带着背包坐公交车进城，在旅游指南上寻找一些住宿建议，然后找到一个住处在任何地方都不是什么大问题)”可推知，作者的态度是积极的，认为虽然旅行有一定挑战性，但总体上是愉快的。故选A。
19
