专题十六：阅读理解词义猜测题【2024高分攻略】高考英语二轮专题复习学案（含答案与解析）
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【2024高分攻略】高考英语二轮复习学案(通用版)
专题十六 阅读理解词义猜测题
词义猜测题在高考中出现次数通常是1题。根据上下文猜测生词含义或熟词生义是考生必须掌握的一项重要阅读技能。生词不是孤立封闭的，它出现的句子、段落，都会留下很多暗示和线索。根据生词与上下文之间的关系就可推测出生词的含义。
考情分析：分析2021-2023年新高考阅读理解猜测词义题考向分布。
考点题型 词义猜测之猜测词义
阅读理解 2023 试卷类型 设问 考点
[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷]C 29.What does the underlined word “declutter” in Paragraph 3 mean 猜测单词的意思
[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷]C 30.What do the underlined words “relate to” in Paragraph 2 mean 猜测短语的意思
【2023年1月·浙江卷】B 24．What do the underlined words “jump on that bandwagon” mean in the first paragraph 猜测短语的意思
【2023年1月·浙江卷】C 29．What does the underlined word “wrinkles” in paragraph 2 refer to 猜测单词的意思
[2023·全国甲卷]B 24.Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in Paragraph 1 猜测短语的意思
[2023·全国乙卷]D 34.What does the underlined word “conversation” in Paragraph 3 refer to 猜测单词的意思
2022 2022·新高考I卷 What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7 猜测单词的意思
2022·全国高考乙卷 29. What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to 猜测单词的意思
2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷 24．What do the underlined words “hit home for me” mean in paragraph 2 猜测短语的意思
2022·全国甲卷 28. Which of the following best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2 猜测短语的意思
2021 2021·英语全国甲卷 29. What do the underlined words “Safe! Safe! Safe!” probably mean 猜测单词的意思
2021年新高考I卷之C篇 29. What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph 猜测单词的意思
2021年全国乙卷之B篇 25. What does the underlined word “concede” in paragraph 3 mean 猜测单词的意思
2021年新高考II卷之B篇 25. What do the underlined words “get up to mischief” mean in paragraph 3 猜测短语的意思
【命题规律】
根据新高考三年的考情分析，猜测词义题主要集中考查：猜测单词意思、猜测短语意思。有时猜测句子和代词的意思。
【命题预测】
2024年高考还会考查猜测词义题，以猜测单词和短语意思为主，兼顾代词和句子的意思。
考点清单一 如何猜测单词的意思
（1）常见的设问方式：
①What do the underlined words “......” mean in paragraph 7
②What does “......” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to
③ The word "......" in paragraph 2 means _________
④What do the underlined words “......” probably mean
（2）解题技巧：
①“上下文语境”猜词义：根据上下文语境暗示，如下定义、举例、重述等线索，猜测生词含义。
②“背景常识”猜词义：利用日常生活和文化背景相关的常识可以准确猜测句中生词的含义。
③“逻辑关系”猜词义：利用3种逻辑关系词前后的词语确定画线词含义。
考点清单二 如何猜测代词的意思
代词指代题——“就近原则”猜代词
在文章中，为了避免语意的重复和啰嗦，常用一些代词指代上文所说的人或事。在平时的学习中，熟悉代词的含义十分重要。在文章的具体语境中常出现的代词有it、this、that、he、them、they、one、those等。一般来讲，it/this/that指代一件事；it/he/them/they/one/those可指代前面内容提到的人或事。
（1） 猜测代词意思的设问方式
①What does “this” refer to in the second paragraph
②What does the underlined “those” in paragraph 3 refer to
③What does “That” underlined in paragraph 5 probably mean
（2）解题方法：
考点清单三 如何猜测短语的含义
（1）常见的设问方式：
①What do the underlined phrase “......” mean in paragraph 2
②Which of the following best explains “......” underlined in paragraph 2
③What do the underlined phrase “......” mean in paragraph 3
④What do the underlined phrase "......" refer to in the last paragraph
（2）解题技巧：
猜测短语题要利用出现短语的上文与其意义上的联系或下文进一步的叙述来猜测它的意思或利用文章中所出现的与短语意思相反的内容来猜测其语意。
考点清单四 如何猜测句子的意思
（1）常见的设问方式：
①The underlined part "......" in Para. 2 probably means __________.
②By saying “......” in Para. 2, the author means _______.
③What do the words “......” in paragraph 1 probably mean
④What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean
（2）解题技巧
句意理解题通常需要考生理解的是一个具有概括性的句子或是考查考生对谚语、格言警句等的理解，要求考生通过上下文的情景暗示及文章的主题思想来判断句意，只有紧密结合语境，才能既理解相应的字面意思，也理解相应的深层含义。
一定位：定位划线句，利用语法和逻辑关系准确分析原卷
二分析：分析理解划线句前后语境，合理推断句意
三归纳：归纳总结，找出与原句意思完全吻合的选项
【2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷C】The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you.
To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.
Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.
In the final chapter of part one, I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I’ll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. You’ll hear these participants’ stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.
The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate (培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude (独处) and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spent on mindless device use. Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter. You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances.
29. What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean
A. Clear-up. B. Add-on. C. Check-in. D. Take-over.
【29题详解】
词句猜测题。根据画线词下文“This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value. (这个过程要求你在30天内远离可选的在线活动。在30天结束的时候，你再加上一些你认为会给你所看重的东西带来巨大好处的精心挑选的在线活动)”可推知，画线词“declutter”的意思是“清理”，对在线活动进行清理和挑选。故选A。
【2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷C】Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object — the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being. In artists’ representations of books and reading, we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time.
In this “book of books,” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses —absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to.
Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect (才智), wealth or faith of the subject. Before the wide use of the printing press, books were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right. More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as the raw material for artworks — transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures.
Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated. From a 21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader. To serve its function, a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened, the pages parted, the contents reviewed, perhaps notes written down or words underlined. And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity.
30. What do the underlined words “relate to” in paragraph 2 mean
A. Understand. B. Paint.
C. Seize. D. Transform.
【30题详解】
词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. (艺术品的选择和排列方式强调了不同时代和文化之间的联系。我们看到孩子们在家里或学校学习阅读的场景，这本书是几代人之间关系的焦点)”以及“These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments (这些场景可能是数百年前绘制的，但它们记录了一些时刻)”可推知，此处指书籍是人类之间相互联系和理解的纽带，故与画线短语“relate to”意思最相近的为A项“理解、认识到”。故选A。
【2022·新高考全国乙卷C】Can a small group of drones (无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to make sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure (基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.
Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient (高效) across the board.
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.
By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don’t need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.
29. What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to
A. Personnel safety. B. Assistance from drones.
C. Inspection and repair. D. Construction of infrastructure.
【29题详解】
词义猜测题。根据后文“It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. (据统计，仅欧洲铁路公司每年在铁路维护上的花费就约为200亿欧元，其中包括经常在夜间派遣维修人员检查和维修铁路基础设施)”可知花在maintenance上的费用是用于“inspect and repair the rail infrastructure （检查和维修铁路基础设施”，由此可知“That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety”是指大幅节省检修成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全，画线词和 C项：Inspection and repair(检修)含义相近。故选C。
【2022·新高考全国甲卷C】As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins (企鹅) longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.
Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career (职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. “I just decided I wanted to go,” she says. “I had no idea about what I’d find there and I wasn’t nervous, I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.”
In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica. “From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has,” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater.”
The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.
28. Which of the following best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2
A. Try challenging things. B. Take a degree.
C. Bring back lost memories. D. Stick to a promise.
【28题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三段第一句“After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile.(在奇切斯特大学获得相关艺术学位后，Ginni开始周游世界，最终在日本和智利找到了教英语的工作。)”可知，此处是指做有挑战性的事情，所以take the plunge意为“尝试有挑战性的事情”。故选A。
考纲解读
考情分析
知识链接
高考链接
19
专题十六 阅读理解词义猜测题
词义猜测题在高考中出现次数通常是1题。根据上下文猜测生词含义或熟词生义是考生必须掌握的一项重要阅读技能。生词不是孤立封闭的，它出现的句子、段落，都会留下很多暗示和线索。根据生词与上下文之间的关系就可推测出生词的含义。
考情分析：分析2021-2023年新高考阅读理解猜测词义题考向分布。
考点题型 词义猜测之猜测词义
阅读理解 2023 试卷类型 设问 考点
[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷]C 29.What does the underlined word “declutter” in Paragraph 3 mean 猜测单词的意思
[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷]C 30.What do the underlined words “relate to” in Paragraph 2 mean 猜测短语的意思
【2023年1月·浙江卷】B 24．What do the underlined words “jump on that bandwagon” mean in the first paragraph 猜测短语的意思
【2023年1月·浙江卷】C 29．What does the underlined word “wrinkles” in paragraph 2 refer to 猜测单词的意思
[2023·全国甲卷]B 24.Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in Paragraph 1 猜测短语的意思
[2023·全国乙卷]D 34.What does the underlined word “conversation” in Paragraph 3 refer to 猜测单词的意思
2022 2022·新高考I卷 What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7 猜测单词的意思
2022·全国高考乙卷 29. What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to 猜测单词的意思
2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷 24．What do the underlined words “hit home for me” mean in paragraph 2 猜测短语的意思
2022·全国甲卷 28. Which of the following best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2 猜测短语的意思
2021 2021·英语全国甲卷 29. What do the underlined words “Safe! Safe! Safe!” probably mean 猜测单词的意思
2021年新高考I卷之C篇 29. What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph 猜测单词的意思
2021年全国乙卷之B篇 25. What does the underlined word “concede” in paragraph 3 mean 猜测单词的意思
2021年新高考II卷之B篇 25. What do the underlined words “get up to mischief” mean in paragraph 3 猜测短语的意思
【命题规律】
根据新高考三年的考情分析，猜测词义题主要集中考查：猜测单词意思、猜测短语意思。有时猜测句子和代词的意思。
【命题预测】
2024年高考还会考查猜测词义题，以猜测单词和短语意思为主，兼顾代词和句子的意思。
考点清单一 如何猜测单词的意思
（1）常见的设问方式：
①What do the underlined words “......” mean in paragraph 7
②What does “......” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to
③ The word "......" in paragraph 2 means _________
④What do the underlined words “......” probably mean
（2）解题技巧：
①“上下文语境”猜词义：根据上下文语境暗示，如下定义、举例、重述等线索，猜测生词含义。
②“背景常识”猜词义：利用日常生活和文化背景相关的常识可以准确猜测句中生词的含义。
③“逻辑关系”猜词义：利用3种逻辑关系词前后的词语确定画线词含义。
考点清单二 如何猜测代词的意思
代词指代题——“就近原则”猜代词
在文章中，为了避免语意的重复和啰嗦，常用一些代词指代上文所说的人或事。在平时的学习中，熟悉代词的含义十分重要。在文章的具体语境中常出现的代词有it、this、that、he、them、they、one、those等。一般来讲，it/this/that指代一件事；it/he/them/they/one/those可指代前面内容提到的人或事。
（1） 猜测代词意思的设问方式
①What does “this” refer to in the second paragraph
②What does the underlined “those” in paragraph 3 refer to
③What does “That” underlined in paragraph 5 probably mean
（2）解题方法：
考点清单三 如何猜测短语的含义
（1）常见的设问方式：
①What do the underlined phrase “......” mean in paragraph 2
②Which of the following best explains “......” underlined in paragraph 2
③What do the underlined phrase “......” mean in paragraph 3
④What do the underlined phrase "......" refer to in the last paragraph
（2）解题技巧：
猜测短语题要利用出现短语的上文与其意义上的联系或下文进一步的叙述来猜测它的意思或利用文章中所出现的与短语意思相反的内容来猜测其语意。
考点清单四 如何猜测句子的意思
（1）常见的设问方式：
①The underlined part "......" in Para. 2 probably means __________.
②By saying “......” in Para. 2, the author means _______.
③What do the words “......” in paragraph 1 probably mean
④What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean
（2）解题技巧
句意理解题通常需要考生理解的是一个具有概括性的句子或是考查考生对谚语、格言警句等的理解，要求考生通过上下文的情景暗示及文章的主题思想来判断句意，只有紧密结合语境，才能既理解相应的字面意思，也理解相应的深层含义。
一定位：定位划线句，利用语法和逻辑关系准确分析原卷
二分析：分析理解划线句前后语境，合理推断句意
三归纳：归纳总结，找出与原句意思完全吻合的选项
【2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷C】The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you.
To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.
Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.
In the final chapter of part one, I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I’ll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. You’ll hear these participants’ stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.
The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate (培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude (独处) and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spent on mindless device use. Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter. You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances.
29. What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean
A. Clear-up. B. Add-on. C. Check-in. D. Take-over.
【29题详解】
词句猜测题。根据画线词下文“This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value. (这个过程要求你在30天内远离可选的在线活动。在30天结束的时候，你再加上一些你认为会给你所看重的东西带来巨大好处的精心挑选的在线活动)”可推知，画线词“declutter”的意思是“清理”，对在线活动进行清理和挑选。故选A。
【2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷C】Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object — the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being. In artists’ representations of books and reading, we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time.
In this “book of books,” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses —absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to.
Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect (才智), wealth or faith of the subject. Before the wide use of the printing press, books were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right. More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as the raw material for artworks — transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures.
Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated. From a 21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader. To serve its function, a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened, the pages parted, the contents reviewed, perhaps notes written down or words underlined. And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity.
30. What do the underlined words “relate to” in paragraph 2 mean
A. Understand. B. Paint.
C. Seize. D. Transform.
【30题详解】
词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. (艺术品的选择和排列方式强调了不同时代和文化之间的联系。我们看到孩子们在家里或学校学习阅读的场景，这本书是几代人之间关系的焦点)”以及“These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments (这些场景可能是数百年前绘制的，但它们记录了一些时刻)”可推知，此处指书籍是人类之间相互联系和理解的纽带，故与画线短语“relate to”意思最相近的为A项“理解、认识到”。故选A。
【2022·新高考全国乙卷C】Can a small group of drones (无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to make sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure (基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.
Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient (高效) across the board.
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.
By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don’t need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.
29. What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to
A. Personnel safety. B. Assistance from drones.
C. Inspection and repair. D. Construction of infrastructure.
【29题详解】
词义猜测题。根据后文“It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. (据统计，仅欧洲铁路公司每年在铁路维护上的花费就约为200亿欧元，其中包括经常在夜间派遣维修人员检查和维修铁路基础设施)”可知花在maintenance上的费用是用于“inspect and repair the rail infrastructure （检查和维修铁路基础设施”，由此可知“That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety”是指大幅节省检修成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全，画线词和 C项：Inspection and repair(检修)含义相近。故选C。
【2022·新高考全国甲卷C】As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins (企鹅) longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.
Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career (职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. “I just decided I wanted to go,” she says. “I had no idea about what I’d find there and I wasn’t nervous, I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.”
In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica. “From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has,” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater.”
The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.
28. Which of the following best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2
A. Try challenging things. B. Take a degree.
C. Bring back lost memories. D. Stick to a promise.
【28题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三段第一句“After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile.(在奇切斯特大学获得相关艺术学位后，Ginni开始周游世界，最终在日本和智利找到了教英语的工作。)”可知，此处是指做有挑战性的事情，所以take the plunge意为“尝试有挑战性的事情”。故选A。
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