阅读理解词义猜测题限时练
（2023上·北京房山·高三北京市房山区良乡中学校考期中）The world’s oceans will likely lose about one-sixth of their fish and other creatures within 100 years if climate change continues on its current path. Every degree Celsius that the world’s oceans warm, their biomass is expected to drop five percent, a study found.
The study predicts that if there is no change in the rate of worldwide greenhouse gas production, there will be a 17-percent loss of biomass by the year 2100. But, if the world reduces carbon pollution, biomass losses could be limited to only about 5 percent.
Warming temperatures are the biggest issue. But climate change also produces oceans that are more acidic and have less oxygen. This also harms sea life. Much of the world depends on the oceans for food or work.
The findings make sense and the possible effects of the predicted losses of animal life are huge. “Climate change has the potential to cause serious new conflicts over ocean resource use as the human population continues to grow,” said scientists.
Marine biologist Boris Worm, who helped run the study, added that the “building blocks of marine life—plankton and bacteria—may decline less heavily.”
“Those marine animals that we use directly, and care about most deeply, are predicted to suffer the most,” said Worm. He works at Canada’s Dalhousie University.
Scientists had already believed climate change would likely reduce future ocean life. But past computer-based studies looked at only part of the picture or used only one model. The latest study used six different computer models to give the best picture look yet, William Cheung said.
University of Georgia marine biologist Samantha Joye was not part of the research. But she praised the study as well researched and extremely detailed, and called it “an urgent call for action”.
1．What does the underlined word “biomass” in paragraph 1 refer to
A．Ocean temperature. B．Total marine life.
C．Sea condition. D．Ocean level.
2．Why do scientists think that climate change might cause conflicts
A．It may reduce the sea resource. B．It leads to the extinction of marine life.
C．It pollutes the environment of the ocean. D．It may increase the world population.
3．Which sea animals will be harmed the worst by sea warming
A．The largest ones. B．The ones in deep oceans.
C．The bacteria on sea surface. D．Those we humans need most.
（2023上·山东青岛·高三统考期中）At the times in my life that I had been upset or angry, a good hug was usually a very quick cure for what was bothering me. After receiving a warm and genuine embrace from a loved one or friend, the tension in my body would melt almost immediately.
How does a hug deliver such a remarkable effect so quickly Touch is a powerful means of communication and a great way to relieve the response to stress. Through touch, a person’s intention is readily discernible–you can tell comfort from potential harm easily. In the positive mode, hugs are one type of touch that relays the message: “I care about you. You matter.”
We require touch with other living beings to grow well. Children who are not held or hugged have significant developmental and socio-emotional delay accompanied by smaller brains. This means that physical contact is not only critical for how these children behaved, but for the development of the brain itself.
For adults, touch affects the response to everyday conflict. Some researchers interviewed404 adults daily for 14 days regarding their health, conflicts, how they felt emotionally (positive or negative), and whether or not they received a hug. People who had received a hug and had an interpersonal conflict reported feeling more positive with less severe negative reactions on that day. It has also been found that hugging may favorably influence the rate of infection from a cold as well as symptoms.
As hugs are a great way to relieve the response to stress, it is not surprising that the number of hugs that a woman receives from her partner is highly related to lower blood pressure as well as higher levels of hormone known as oxytocin, colloquially labeled the “love hormone”.
Hugs, of course, are a form of touch that share elements with other types, like massage (按摩) as well as gentle, light touch. Like hugging, massage is a great way to release tension.
1．What does the underlined word “discernible” mean in paragraph 2
A．Complex. B．Evident. C．Abstract. D．Varied.
2．What can we infer from paragraph 4
A．Hugs can settle the conflicts. B．Hugs can effectively cure a cold.
C．Receiving a hug can cause positive reactions. D．The researchers take education into account.
3．What will the author probably discuss after the last paragraph
A．Advantages of touch. B．Different types of hugs.
C．Fear of inappropriate hugs. D．Positive functions of massage.
4．What is the main idea of the passage
A．Touch is a great way to relieve the response to stress.
B．Children require touch from loved ones to grow well.
C．Hugs from partners can bring women lower blood pressure.
D．Caring touch can bring mental and physical benefits to people.
（2023上·四川成都·高三树德中学校考阶段练习）In the animal kingdom, mimics (模仿) are not rare. Stick insects pretend to be twigs. Hawk moth caterpillars resemble poisonous snakes. The examples, though, are visual. Auditory mimicry is rarer. Danilo Russo of the University of Naples Federico II thinks he has found a novel case of it, as he describes in Current Biology. Some bats, he believes, mimic angry bees in order to scare away owls that might otherwise eat them.
Dr. Russo first noticed bat buzzing a few years ago. The noise struck him as similar to the sound of some bees. He wondered whether bat buzzing was a form of mimicry which helped to scare off would-be predators.
To test this idea, he and his colleagues first recorded the buzzing that captured bats made. Then, with protective clothing, they began the more dangerous task of recording the buzzing made by different puter analysis revealed that bees’ and bats’ buzzing were, indeed, similar.
Then the researchers recruited several owls. They put the owls, one at a time, in an enclosure with branches for them to stay on, and two boxes with holes in them. They placed a loudspeaker alongside one of the boxes and, after the birds had settled in, broadcast through it five seconds of uninterrupted bat buzzing and a similar amount of insect buzzing three times in a row for each noise. As a control, they broadcast in like manner several non-buzzing sounds made by bats.
During the broadcasts and for five minutes thereafter, they videoed the owls. After analysis, the results were unequivocal. When they heard both the bat buzzing and the bee buzzing, the owls moved as far from the speakers as they could. In contrast, when the non-buzzing bat sounds were played, they crept closer.
Dr. Russo believes this is the first reported case of a mammal using auditory mimicry to scare away a predator. They strongly suspect, however, that it is not unique. Anecdotes suggest several birds also make buzzing noises when their nests are disturbed. And with the result of the experiment, he therefore predicts that auditory mimicry is far more widespread than currently realized.
1．What was Dr. Russo’s assumption of the study
A．Only some bats have the capacity of auditory mimicry.
B．The buzzing of bats is similar to the sound of some bees.
C．Auditory mimicry is rather common in the animal kingdom.
D．Bats imitate the voice of angry bees to frighten away enemies.
2．How did Dr. Russo test his idea
A．By collecting computer data.
B．By consulting experts in this field.
C．By referring to other scholars’ analysis.
D．By conducting series of scientific experiments.
3．What does the underlined word “unequivocal” in paragraph 5 possibly mean
A．Disappointing. B．Controversial. C．Definite. D．Uncertain.
4．What is a suitable title for the text
A．Animal Mimicry: Buzz off
B．Bats: No More Victim to Owls
C．A Self-protection Behavior among Animals
D．A New Trick to Scare Away Owls
（2023上·浙江宁波·高二校联考期中）Cathy Brennan calmly paddled her bright yellow kayak (皮艇) down the Potomac River, continuing her voyage, the latest of her solo trips on major waterways. It was tough, but it allowed Brennan to let go of everything else, empty her brain of the everyday chores and focus on the now. “I’m in the moment, looking at the waves.” said Brennan.
The journey is a minimalist style: sleeping bag, small tent, rain jacket, change of clothes, first aid kit, apples and cheese sticks. When she’s thirsty, she scoops water from the rivers and pumps it through a filter. “I always drink the river,” she says. Brennan loves being on the rivers, seeing the bald eagles above, deer on the banks and a fascinating array of bugs and insects that never find their way into homes.
However, every few days Brennan will find a hotel for the night where she can get a shower and eat a cheeseburger. She’ll also check in with her husband John, who has helped her select the river and research the trips at their home. “He’s my virtual Sherpa with benefits,” Brennan says, laughing. She has a phone with her but rarely calls or texts anyone. Her children usually keep track of her via the transponder that sends them her location every 10minutes or so.
Brennan knows that solo kayaking is not for everyone and she’s not reckless. Brennan grew up on a lake and was a strong swimmer and boater from an early age. When going through rough rapids, she watches the weather carefully. She is cautious about where she camps and who is around her. She has packed up her gear and headed back out on the river when she has felt unsafe.
Surely, she is alone on these journeys but she isn’t lonely. She suggested that we all need some disconnection from the wired world to find the wider world around us.
1．What can be learned about Cathy Brennan from paragraph 1
A．She longs for calmness. B．She seeks inner peace.
C．She is fond of travelling. D．She is tired of everyday housework.
2．Why does Brennan regard her husband as “virtual Sherpa with benefits”
A．Because he keeps track of her. B．Because he arranges the route for her.
C．Because he accompanies her on the river. D．Because he contacts her with calls and texts.
3．What does the underlined word “reckless” in paragraph 4 mean
A．Cautious. B．Fearless. C．Ambitious. D．Thoughtless.
4．How is Brennan’s kayak trip according to the passage
A．Odd and instructive. B．Romantic and thrilling
C．Costly and relaxing D．Tough and rewarding.
（2023·广东东莞·东莞实验中学校考一模）Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT), created by openAI, an AI and research company, is a natural language processing tool driven by AI technology that allows you to have human-like conversations and much more with a chatbot. The language model can answer questions, and assist you with tasks such as composing emails, essays and code.
ChatGPT is powered by a large language model, or LLM, meaning it’s programmed to understand human language and generate responses based on a large amount of data. What makes ChatGPT so impressive is its ability to log context from user’s earlier messages in a thread and use it to form responses later in the conversation.
According to analysis by Swiss bank UBS, ChatGPT is the fastest growing up app of all time. In January, only two months after its launch, UBS analysis estimates that ChatGPT had 100 million active users. For comparison, it took nine months for TikTok to reach 100 million.
Despite looking very impressive, ChatGPT still has limitations. Instead of asking for clarification on ambiguous questions, the model just takes a guess at what your question means. “The primary problem is that the answers that ChatGPT produces have a high rate of being incorrect,” says Stack Overflow moderators in a post. Critics argue that these tools are just very good at putting words into an order that makes sense from a statistical pint of view, but they cannot understand the meaning or know whether the statements it makes are correct. Another major limitation is that ChatGPT’s data is limited to 2021.
ChatGPT is an advanced chatbot that has the potential to make people’s lives easier and to assist with everyday tiring tasks, such as writing an email or having to navigate the web for answers. However, there are certain technical details that have to be figured out before it’s widely used, to prevent negative outcomes such as the spread of misinformation. In general, this AI model relies on lots of training and fine-tuning to reach a level of ideal performance.
1．What can we learn about ChatGPT from the first paragraph
A．What its potential market is. B．It is developed jointly by two companies.
C．Why it enjoys great popularity. D．It is a conversational AI tool.
2．What does the underlined word “it” refer to
A．Context. B．ChatGPT’s ability. C．A thread. D．LLM.
3．What is a limitation of ChatGPT
A．Low efficiency. B．Disordered words.
C．Poor accuracy. D．Frequent crashes.
4．What is the author’s attitude to ChatGPT
A．Unclear. B．Objective. C．Doubtful. D．Satisfied.
（2023·湖南郴州·校联考模拟预测）When the Great Backyard Bird Count (GBBC) began last Friday, Steve and Janet Kistler of Hart County, Kentucky, joined in. They’ve done so every year since the now-global tradition began 25 years ago.
For Moira Dalibor, who teaches math at a school, this was the first count. She led a group of students and parents to an arboretum (植物园) for an exercise in data-gathering. They were among hundreds of thousands of people around the world counting and recording over four days. Last year, about 385,000 people from 192 countries took part in the GBBC．
This global data goes into the eBird database used by scientists for research on bird populations, which have declined sharply overall in past decades. It’s part of a rise in “citizen science” projects in which volunteers collect data about the natural world for use by researchers.
Many bird-watchers use eBird year-round, and it has collected huge amounts of data — often between 1 million and 2 million bird checklists a month from around the world in the past couple of years, says Becca Rodomsky-Bish, the project’s leader at the Cornell Lab of Ornithology, in Ithaca, New York. “Observing birds is a good way to connect with the natural world. Birds are everywhere. You don’t have to leave your house. They will come. And they’re charismatic because they’re fun and interesting to watch.”
This is how it works: Participants watch birds, whether that means looking out of the window for 15 minutes or taking a longer trip to a nature area. Organizers recommend the Merlin bird ID app to distinguish birds by size, shape, song or other characteristics. Many participants also carry field guides and binoculars (双筒望远镜) along with their phones. They then enter the findings into the eBird app. Those numbers help researchers track the ups and downs of various species, which then help determine the direction of conservation efforts.
Dalibor prepared her classes with information about local species and practiced with the Merlin app. The kids recorded bird sightings with pencils and drawing boards, and parent volunteers entered those numbers on phones.
1．Why did Dalibor lead her students to an arboretum
A．To do exercise for health. B．To observe different plants.
C．To practice their math skills. D．To collect information about birds.
2．What does the underlined word “charismatic” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Attractive. B．Beautiful. C．Rare. D．Shy.
3．What can people use the Merlin bird ID app to do
A．To record their findings. B．To identify different birds.
C．To help determine the birds’ habitat. D．To track the ups and downs of various species.
4．What’s the best title of the text
A．Great Backyard Bird Count: a strange activity
B．Watching birds contributes to students’ education
C．Moira Dalibor: a pioneer and responsible teacher
D．Great Backyard Bird Count shows power of citizen science
（2023·江苏·统考模拟预测）On an extremely cold December night, fire trucks arrived in the sleepy little town of Manton, Michigan and shot to Chittle’s home. Was it because of a fire or a child climbing too high to a dangerous place Rather, it was for helping make a dream come true.
Outdoor activities and a slow pace of life are a mainstay in this rural town. When people were unable to leave the community, Scott Chittle decided they needed a safe place to come together and something joyful during the winter months. And what is a better outdoor activity to get people outside than ice skating
To fulfil his dream, Chittle downloaded instructions on how to build an ice rink and then ordered a 3,000 square foot waterproof cloth and some wood to create walls online. It took 12 fire trucks to get enough water to fill the plot.
It took a little time and some neighborly persuasion as Chittle went door to door to convince people to come to see his creation, and soon Chittle’s backyard ice rink became a Manton hot spot. Children were skating and shooting, a fire was burning, and hot chocolate was steaming in to-go cups. “When things were tough, it was a place,” says Chittle’s neighbor Audrey Hooker. “It was fantastic because we just came together and became calm and happy instead of concerned.”
But the goodwill didn’t stop with Chittle. When the community heard how much money he used to make this project happen, everyone stepped forward. A fundraiser brought in about $1,300, and letters flooded to Chittle’s home stuffed with cash. “Almost 30 complete strangers knocked on my door to just shake my hand and say thank you, most of them handing me money as well and three asking for a hug,” says Chittle. “This has been a community thing. It’s more than me. I want to show the rest of the world what a little effort and the best intentions can do.”
1．Why did fire trucks come to Manton
A．To deal with an emergency. B．To send water to the community.
C．To ensure people’s safety in the town. D．To help with Chittle building the ice rink.
2．What did Chittle do to carry out his project
A．Persuade his neighbors to make donations. B．Purchase a piece of land behind his house.
C．Turn to the Internet for tips and materials. D．Research the popular lifestyles in Manton.
3．How did the ice rink affect the community
A．It made the community popular in Mantan. B．It slowed down the pace of the residents’ life.
C．It offered people there comfort and company. D．It inspired the residents to do outdoor activities.
4．What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean
A．Everyone could make a difference to society. B．Chittle received acts of kindness from others.
C．The community got better due to the ice rink. D．Chittle had goodwill to the whole community.
19阅读理解词义猜测题限时练
（2023上·北京房山·高三北京市房山区良乡中学校考期中）The world’s oceans will likely lose about one-sixth of their fish and other creatures within 100 years if climate change continues on its current path. Every degree Celsius that the world’s oceans warm, their biomass is expected to drop five percent, a study found.
The study predicts that if there is no change in the rate of worldwide greenhouse gas production, there will be a 17-percent loss of biomass by the year 2100. But, if the world reduces carbon pollution, biomass losses could be limited to only about 5 percent.
Warming temperatures are the biggest issue. But climate change also produces oceans that are more acidic and have less oxygen. This also harms sea life. Much of the world depends on the oceans for food or work.
The findings make sense and the possible effects of the predicted losses of animal life are huge. “Climate change has the potential to cause serious new conflicts over ocean resource use as the human population continues to grow,” said scientists.
Marine biologist Boris Worm, who helped run the study, added that the “building blocks of marine life—plankton and bacteria—may decline less heavily.”
“Those marine animals that we use directly, and care about most deeply, are predicted to suffer the most,” said Worm. He works at Canada’s Dalhousie University.
Scientists had already believed climate change would likely reduce future ocean life. But past computer-based studies looked at only part of the picture or used only one model. The latest study used six different computer models to give the best picture look yet, William Cheung said.
University of Georgia marine biologist Samantha Joye was not part of the research. But she praised the study as well researched and extremely detailed, and called it “an urgent call for action”.
1．What does the underlined word “biomass” in paragraph 1 refer to
A．Ocean temperature. B．Total marine life.
C．Sea condition. D．Ocean level.
2．Why do scientists think that climate change might cause conflicts
A．It may reduce the sea resource. B．It leads to the extinction of marine life.
C．It pollutes the environment of the ocean. D．It may increase the world population.
3．Which sea animals will be harmed the worst by sea warming
A．The largest ones. B．The ones in deep oceans.
C．The bacteria on sea surface. D．Those we humans need most.
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如果气候变化持续升温，世界的海洋中的鱼类和其他生物可能会在未来100年内损失约六分之一。同时文章介绍了气候变化对海洋以及人类产生的其他影响。
1．词义猜测题。根据划线词前面的句子“The world’s oceans will likely lose about one-sixth of their fish and other creatures within 100 years if climate change continues on its current path. (如果气候继续以目前的方式变化，世界海洋可能会在100年内失去大约六分之一的鱼类和其他生物。)”以及“Every degree Celsius that the world’s oceans warm(全球海洋温度每升高一度)”以及划线词后面的内容“is expected to drop five percent(预计会下降5%)”可知，此处指出随着气候变化的影响，世界海洋中的鱼类和其他生物会失去大约六分之一；由此可知，全球海洋温度每升高一度，海洋中的生物总数预计会下降5%。因此划线词与B选项“Total marine life.( 海洋生物总数。)”为同义词。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据第四段“The findings make sense and the possible effects of the predicted losses of animal life are huge.“Climate change has the potential to cause serious new conflicts over ocean resource use as the human population continues to grow,” said scientists.(这些发现是有道理的，预测的动物生命损失可能产生巨大影响。科学家们说：“随着人口的持续增长，气候变化有可能在海洋资源利用方面引发新的严重冲突。”)”可知，随着人口增长，气候变化可能会导致人类在海洋资源利用方面引发新的严重冲突，的原因是气候变化使得海洋动物生命周期变短，即资源不断减少。故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段““Those marine animals that we use directly, and care about most deeply, are predicted to suffer the most,” said Worm. He works at Canada’s Dalhousie University.(沃姆说：“那些我们直接使用、最关心的海洋动物预计将遭受最大的损失。”他在加拿大达尔豪斯大学工作)”可知，那些人类直接使用、最关心的海洋动物预计将遭受最大的损失，即人类最需要的海洋动物将遭受最大的伤害。故选D。
（2023上·山东青岛·高三统考期中）At the times in my life that I had been upset or angry, a good hug was usually a very quick cure for what was bothering me. After receiving a warm and genuine embrace from a loved one or friend, the tension in my body would melt almost immediately.
How does a hug deliver such a remarkable effect so quickly Touch is a powerful means of communication and a great way to relieve the response to stress. Through touch, a person’s intention is readily discernible–you can tell comfort from potential harm easily. In the positive mode, hugs are one type of touch that relays the message: “I care about you. You matter.”
We require touch with other living beings to grow well. Children who are not held or hugged have significant developmental and socio-emotional delay accompanied by smaller brains. This means that physical contact is not only critical for how these children behaved, but for the development of the brain itself.
For adults, touch affects the response to everyday conflict. Some researchers interviewed404 adults daily for 14 days regarding their health, conflicts, how they felt emotionally (positive or negative), and whether or not they received a hug. People who had received a hug and had an interpersonal conflict reported feeling more positive with less severe negative reactions on that day. It has also been found that hugging may favorably influence the rate of infection from a cold as well as symptoms.
As hugs are a great way to relieve the response to stress, it is not surprising that the number of hugs that a woman receives from her partner is highly related to lower blood pressure as well as higher levels of hormone known as oxytocin, colloquially labeled the “love hormone”.
Hugs, of course, are a form of touch that share elements with other types, like massage (按摩) as well as gentle, light touch. Like hugging, massage is a great way to release tension.
1．What does the underlined word “discernible” mean in paragraph 2
A．Complex. B．Evident. C．Abstract. D．Varied.
2．What can we infer from paragraph 4
A．Hugs can settle the conflicts. B．Hugs can effectively cure a cold.
C．Receiving a hug can cause positive reactions. D．The researchers take education into account.
3．What will the author probably discuss after the last paragraph
A．Advantages of touch. B．Different types of hugs.
C．Fear of inappropriate hugs. D．Positive functions of massage.
4．What is the main idea of the passage
A．Touch is a great way to relieve the response to stress.
B．Children require touch from loved ones to grow well.
C．Hugs from partners can bring women lower blood pressure.
D．Caring touch can bring mental and physical benefits to people.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了关怀的触摸可以给人带来精神和身体上的好处。
1．词句猜测题。根据划线词后半句“you can tell comfort from potential harm easily. (你可以很容易地分辨出舒适和潜在的伤害。)”可知，从积极的模式中，人们很容易辨别出安慰。所以discernible为“可辨别的”之意。故选B。
2．推理判断题。根据第四段“People who had received a hug and had an interpersonal conflict reported feeling more positive with less severe negative reactions on that day. (接受拥抱并有人际冲突的人报告说，当天感觉更积极，负面反应更少。)”可推断，收到拥抱的人会有积极的反应。故选 C。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Hugs, of course, are a form of touch that share elements with other types, like massage (按摩) as well as gentle, light touch.(拥抱，当然，是一种与其他类型的触摸有共同点的触摸形式，比如按摩和轻柔的触摸。)”可推断，作者接下来可能会讨论按摩的好处。故选 D。
4．主旨大意题。根据第三段“We require touch with other living beings to grow well. (我们需要与其他生物接触才能茁壮成长。)”和第四段“For adults, touch affects the response to everyday conflict. (对于成年人来说，触摸会影响他们对日常冲突的反应。)”和第五段“As hugs are a great way to relieve the response to stress, it is not surprising that the number of hugs that a woman receives from her partner is highly related to lower blood pressure as well as higher levels of hormone known as oxytocin, colloquially labeled the “love hormone”. (因为拥抱是缓解压力的好方法，所以女人从她的伴侣那里得到的拥抱的次数与较低的血压和较高水平的荷尔蒙——被称为催产素，俗称“爱的荷尔蒙”——有很大关系，这就不足为奇了。)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了关怀的触摸可以给人带来精神和身体上的好处。故选D。
（2023上·四川成都·高三树德中学校考阶段练习）In the animal kingdom, mimics (模仿) are not rare. Stick insects pretend to be twigs. Hawk moth caterpillars resemble poisonous snakes. The examples, though, are visual. Auditory mimicry is rarer. Danilo Russo of the University of Naples Federico II thinks he has found a novel case of it, as he describes in Current Biology. Some bats, he believes, mimic angry bees in order to scare away owls that might otherwise eat them.
Dr. Russo first noticed bat buzzing a few years ago. The noise struck him as similar to the sound of some bees. He wondered whether bat buzzing was a form of mimicry which helped to scare off would-be predators.
To test this idea, he and his colleagues first recorded the buzzing that captured bats made. Then, with protective clothing, they began the more dangerous task of recording the buzzing made by different puter analysis revealed that bees’ and bats’ buzzing were, indeed, similar.
Then the researchers recruited several owls. They put the owls, one at a time, in an enclosure with branches for them to stay on, and two boxes with holes in them. They placed a loudspeaker alongside one of the boxes and, after the birds had settled in, broadcast through it five seconds of uninterrupted bat buzzing and a similar amount of insect buzzing three times in a row for each noise. As a control, they broadcast in like manner several non-buzzing sounds made by bats.
During the broadcasts and for five minutes thereafter, they videoed the owls. After analysis, the results were unequivocal. When they heard both the bat buzzing and the bee buzzing, the owls moved as far from the speakers as they could. In contrast, when the non-buzzing bat sounds were played, they crept closer.
Dr. Russo believes this is the first reported case of a mammal using auditory mimicry to scare away a predator. They strongly suspect, however, that it is not unique. Anecdotes suggest several birds also make buzzing noises when their nests are disturbed. And with the result of the experiment, he therefore predicts that auditory mimicry is far more widespread than currently realized.
1．What was Dr. Russo’s assumption of the study
A．Only some bats have the capacity of auditory mimicry.
B．The buzzing of bats is similar to the sound of some bees.
C．Auditory mimicry is rather common in the animal kingdom.
D．Bats imitate the voice of angry bees to frighten away enemies.
2．How did Dr. Russo test his idea
A．By collecting computer data.
B．By consulting experts in this field.
C．By referring to other scholars’ analysis.
D．By conducting series of scientific experiments.
3．What does the underlined word “unequivocal” in paragraph 5 possibly mean
A．Disappointing. B．Controversial. C．Definite. D．Uncertain.
4．What is a suitable title for the text
A．Animal Mimicry: Buzz off
B．Bats: No More Victim to Owls
C．A Self-protection Behavior among Animals
D．A New Trick to Scare Away Owls
【答案】1．D 2．D 3．C 4．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究，研究发现一些动物会模仿其他动物的声音，吓跑潜在的敌人。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Dr. Russo first noticed bat buzzing a few years ago. The noise struck him as similar to the sound of some bees. He wondered whether bat buzzing was a form of mimicry which helped to scare off would-be predators. (Russo 博士几年前第一次注意到蝙蝠的嗡嗡声。他听到的声音好像是蜜蜂的叫声。他想知道蝙蝠的嗡嗡声是否是一种模仿形式，有助于吓跑潜在的捕食者。)”可知，Russo博士对这项研究的假设是蝙蝠模仿愤怒的蜜蜂的声音来吓跑敌人。故选D项。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段“To test this idea, he and his colleagues first recorded the buzzing that captured bats made. Then, with protective clothing, they began the more dangerous task of recording the buzzing made by different puter analysis revealed that bees’ and bats’ buzzing were, indeed, similar. (为了验证这个想法，他和他的同事首先记录了捕获蝙蝠时发出的嗡嗡声。然后，穿上防护服，他们开始了更危险的任务： 记录不同蜜蜂发出的嗡嗡声。计算机分析显示，蜜蜂和蝙蝠的嗡嗡声确实相似。)”以及第四段和第五段内容可知，Russo是通过进行一系列的科学实验验证他的想法的。故选D项。
3．词句猜测题。根据第五段中划线词句后文“When they heard both the bat buzzing and the bee buzzing, the owls moved as far from the speakers as they could. In contrast, when the non-buzzing bat sounds were played, they crept closer. (当他们同时听到蝙蝠和蜜蜂的嗡嗡声时，猫头鹰们尽可能地远离扬声器。相比之下，当播放没有嗡嗡声的蝙蝠声时，它们会慢慢靠近。)”等内容可知，实验的结果肯定了Russo的假设。从而推知划线词句“After analysis, the results were unequivocal. (经过分析，结果是unequivocal。)”其中划线词汇意思是“肯定的”。故选C项。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段中“Some bats, he believes, mimic angry bees in order to scare away owls that might otherwise eat them. (他认为，有些蝙蝠会模仿愤怒的蜜蜂，以吓跑可能会吃掉它们的猫头鹰。)”以及最后一段中“And with the result of the experiment, he therefore predicts that auditory mimicry is far more widespread than currently realized. (根据实验结果，他因此预测听觉模仿比目前认识到的要广泛得多。)”可知，本文主要介绍了一项研究，研究发现一些动物会模仿其他动物的声音，吓跑潜在的敌人。A项“动物模仿：（敌人）滚开”符合主题，故选A项。
（2023上·浙江宁波·高二校联考期中）Cathy Brennan calmly paddled her bright yellow kayak (皮艇) down the Potomac River, continuing her voyage, the latest of her solo trips on major waterways. It was tough, but it allowed Brennan to let go of everything else, empty her brain of the everyday chores and focus on the now. “I’m in the moment, looking at the waves.” said Brennan.
The journey is a minimalist style: sleeping bag, small tent, rain jacket, change of clothes, first aid kit, apples and cheese sticks. When she’s thirsty, she scoops water from the rivers and pumps it through a filter. “I always drink the river,” she says. Brennan loves being on the rivers, seeing the bald eagles above, deer on the banks and a fascinating array of bugs and insects that never find their way into homes.
However, every few days Brennan will find a hotel for the night where she can get a shower and eat a cheeseburger. She’ll also check in with her husband John, who has helped her select the river and research the trips at their home. “He’s my virtual Sherpa with benefits,” Brennan says, laughing. She has a phone with her but rarely calls or texts anyone. Her children usually keep track of her via the transponder that sends them her location every 10minutes or so.
Brennan knows that solo kayaking is not for everyone and she’s not reckless. Brennan grew up on a lake and was a strong swimmer and boater from an early age. When going through rough rapids, she watches the weather carefully. She is cautious about where she camps and who is around her. She has packed up her gear and headed back out on the river when she has felt unsafe.
Surely, she is alone on these journeys but she isn’t lonely. She suggested that we all need some disconnection from the wired world to find the wider world around us.
1．What can be learned about Cathy Brennan from paragraph 1
A．She longs for calmness. B．She seeks inner peace.
C．She is fond of travelling. D．She is tired of everyday housework.
2．Why does Brennan regard her husband as “virtual Sherpa with benefits”
A．Because he keeps track of her. B．Because he arranges the route for her.
C．Because he accompanies her on the river. D．Because he contacts her with calls and texts.
3．What does the underlined word “reckless” in paragraph 4 mean
A．Cautious. B．Fearless. C．Ambitious. D．Thoughtless.
4．How is Brennan’s kayak trip according to the passage
A．Odd and instructive. B．Romantic and thrilling
C．Costly and relaxing D．Tough and rewarding.
【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了凯茜·布伦南用她的黄色皮艇独自旅行的故事。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“It was tough, but it allowed Brennan to let go of everything else, empty her brain of the everyday chores and focus on the now. (这很艰难，但它让布伦南放下了其他一切，把她的大脑从日常琐事中清空，专注于现在)”可知，凯茜·布伦南独自旅行是为了寻求内心的平静。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“She’ll also check in with her husband John, who has helped her select the river and research the trips at their home. “He’s my virtual Sherpa with benefits.”(她还会和丈夫约翰联系，他帮她选择了河流，并在家里研究了旅行。“他是我有福的虚拟夏尔巴人。”)”可知，布伦南认为她的丈夫是“有福的虚拟夏尔巴人”，因为他为她安排路线。故选B。
3．词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“Brennan grew up on a lake and was a strong swimmer and boater from an early age. When going through rough rapids, she watches the weather carefully. She is cautious about where she camps and who is around her. She has packed up her gear and headed back out on the river when she has felt unsafe.(布伦南在湖边长大，从小就擅长游泳和划船。在穿越险滩时，她会仔细观察天气。她对自己的营地和周围的人都很谨慎。当她感到不安全时，她会收拾好装备，回到河上)”可知，布伦南非常谨慎，并不鲁莽。由此可知，划线词reckless与thoughtless“轻率的，欠考虑的”意思接近。故选D。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“It was tough, but it allowed Brennan to let go of everything else, empty her brain of the everyday chores and focus on the now.(这很艰难，但它让布伦南放下了其他一切，把她的大脑从日常琐事中清空，专注于现在)”及最后一段中的“She suggested that we all need some disconnection from the wired world to find the wider world around us.(她认为，我们都需要与有线世界断开一些联系，以发现我们周围更广阔的世界)”可知推，布伦南的旅行虽然很艰难，但是很值得。故选D。
（2023·广东东莞·东莞实验中学校考一模）Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT), created by openAI, an AI and research company, is a natural language processing tool driven by AI technology that allows you to have human-like conversations and much more with a chatbot. The language model can answer questions, and assist you with tasks such as composing emails, essays and code.
ChatGPT is powered by a large language model, or LLM, meaning it’s programmed to understand human language and generate responses based on a large amount of data. What makes ChatGPT so impressive is its ability to log context from user’s earlier messages in a thread and use it to form responses later in the conversation.
According to analysis by Swiss bank UBS, ChatGPT is the fastest growing up app of all time. In January, only two months after its launch, UBS analysis estimates that ChatGPT had 100 million active users. For comparison, it took nine months for TikTok to reach 100 million.
Despite looking very impressive, ChatGPT still has limitations. Instead of asking for clarification on ambiguous questions, the model just takes a guess at what your question means. “The primary problem is that the answers that ChatGPT produces have a high rate of being incorrect,” says Stack Overflow moderators in a post. Critics argue that these tools are just very good at putting words into an order that makes sense from a statistical pint of view, but they cannot understand the meaning or know whether the statements it makes are correct. Another major limitation is that ChatGPT’s data is limited to 2021.
ChatGPT is an advanced chatbot that has the potential to make people’s lives easier and to assist with everyday tiring tasks, such as writing an email or having to navigate the web for answers. However, there are certain technical details that have to be figured out before it’s widely used, to prevent negative outcomes such as the spread of misinformation. In general, this AI model relies on lots of training and fine-tuning to reach a level of ideal performance.
1．What can we learn about ChatGPT from the first paragraph
A．What its potential market is. B．It is developed jointly by two companies.
C．Why it enjoys great popularity. D．It is a conversational AI tool.
2．What does the underlined word “it” refer to
A．Context. B．ChatGPT’s ability. C．A thread. D．LLM.
3．What is a limitation of ChatGPT
A．Low efficiency. B．Disordered words.
C．Poor accuracy. D．Frequent crashes.
4．What is the author’s attitude to ChatGPT
A．Unclear. B．Objective. C．Doubtful. D．Satisfied.
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了ChatGPT的概念，发展，局限以及未来。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT), created by openAI, an AI and research company, is a natural language processing tool driven by AI technology that allows you to have human-like conversations and much more with a chatbot. The language model can answer questions, and assist you with tasks such as composing emails, essays and code.(聊天生成型预训练转换器是由人工智能和研究公司openAI开发的，是一种由人工智能技术驱动的自然语言处理工具，可以让你与会话机器人进行类似人类的对话，甚至更多。语言模型可以回答问题，并帮助你完成诸如编写电子邮件、论文和代码等任务。)”可知，ChatGPT是一个对话式的人工智能工具。故选D项。
2．词句猜测题。划线词句前文“What makes ChatGPT so impressive is its ability to log context from user’s earlier messages in a thread(使ChatGPT如此令人印象深刻的是它能够记录用户在线程中的早期消息的语境)”说明ChatGPT可以记录用户在线程中的早期消息的上下文，从而推知划线词句“and use it to form responses later in the conversation.(在稍后的对话中使用它来做出回复。)”其中划线词应为“语境”的意思。故选A项。
3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“The primary problem is that the answers that ChatGPT produces have a high rate of being incorrect(主要问题是ChatGPT生成的答案错误率很高)”可知，ChatGPT的局限是精确性较差。故选C项。
4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其根据最后一段中“ChatGPT is an advanced chatbot that has the potential to make people’s lives easier and to assist with everyday tiring tasks, such as writing an email or having to navigate the web for answers. However, there are certain technical details that have to be figured out before it’s widely used, to prevent negative outcomes such as the spread of misinformation.(ChatGPT是一款先进的会话机器人，它有可能使人们的生活更轻松，并帮助人们完成日常繁重的任务，比如写电子邮件或浏览网页寻找答案。然而，在广泛使用之前，必须弄清楚某些技术细节，以防止诸如错误信息传播等负面后果。)”可知，作者既介绍了ChatGPT的优点，强大的功能赋予它减轻人们日常繁重任务的潜力，也指出了它的局限性，它提供的答案准确性有限且基于的数据不是最新的。由此推知，作者对ChatGPT持客观的态度。故选B项。
（2023·湖南郴州·校联考模拟预测）When the Great Backyard Bird Count (GBBC) began last Friday, Steve and Janet Kistler of Hart County, Kentucky, joined in. They’ve done so every year since the now-global tradition began 25 years ago.
For Moira Dalibor, who teaches math at a school, this was the first count. She led a group of students and parents to an arboretum (植物园) for an exercise in data-gathering. They were among hundreds of thousands of people around the world counting and recording over four days. Last year, about 385,000 people from 192 countries took part in the GBBC．
This global data goes into the eBird database used by scientists for research on bird populations, which have declined sharply overall in past decades. It’s part of a rise in “citizen science” projects in which volunteers collect data about the natural world for use by researchers.
Many bird-watchers use eBird year-round, and it has collected huge amounts of data — often between 1 million and 2 million bird checklists a month from around the world in the past couple of years, says Becca Rodomsky-Bish, the project’s leader at the Cornell Lab of Ornithology, in Ithaca, New York. “Observing birds is a good way to connect with the natural world. Birds are everywhere. You don’t have to leave your house. They will come. And they’re charismatic because they’re fun and interesting to watch.”
This is how it works: Participants watch birds, whether that means looking out of the window for 15 minutes or taking a longer trip to a nature area. Organizers recommend the Merlin bird ID app to distinguish birds by size, shape, song or other characteristics. Many participants also carry field guides and binoculars (双筒望远镜) along with their phones. They then enter the findings into the eBird app. Those numbers help researchers track the ups and downs of various species, which then help determine the direction of conservation efforts.
Dalibor prepared her classes with information about local species and practiced with the Merlin app. The kids recorded bird sightings with pencils and drawing boards, and parent volunteers entered those numbers on phones.
1．Why did Dalibor lead her students to an arboretum
A．To do exercise for health. B．To observe different plants.
C．To practice their math skills. D．To collect information about birds.
2．What does the underlined word “charismatic” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Attractive. B．Beautiful. C．Rare. D．Shy.
3．What can people use the Merlin bird ID app to do
A．To record their findings. B．To identify different birds.
C．To help determine the birds’ habitat. D．To track the ups and downs of various species.
4．What’s the best title of the text
A．Great Backyard Bird Count: a strange activity
B．Watching birds contributes to students’ education
C．Moira Dalibor: a pioneer and responsible teacher
D．Great Backyard Bird Count shows power of citizen science
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“后院鸟类大统计”这一活动，这是“公民科学”项目兴起的一部分，在这些项目中，志愿者收集有关自然世界的数据供研究人员使用。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“She led a group of students and parents to an arboretum (植物园) for an exercise in data-gathering.(她带领一群学生和家长到一个植物园进行数据收集练习。)”可知，达利伯要带她的学生去植物园是为了收集鸟类的信息。故选D项。
2．词句猜测题。根据画线词的下文“because they’re fun and interesting to watch(因为它们看起来很有趣)”可知，这些鸟应该是很有吸引力、有魅力的，所以可推测画线词是Attractive“有吸引力的”意思。故选A项。
3．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Organizers recommend the Merlin bird ID app to distinguish birds by size, shape, song or other characteristics.(组织者推荐使用梅林鸟类识别应用程序，通过大小、形状、鸣叫或其他特征来区分鸟类。)”可知，人们可以使用梅林鸟类ID应用程序来辨别不同的鸟类。故选B项。
4．主旨大意题。分析全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了“后院鸟类大统计”这一活动，这是“公民科学”项目兴起的一部分，在这些项目中，志愿者收集有关自然世界的数据供研究人员使用，所以D选项“伟大的后院鸟类统计显示了公民科学的力量”能概括全文内容，适合用作文章标题。故选D项。
（2023·江苏·统考模拟预测）On an extremely cold December night, fire trucks arrived in the sleepy little town of Manton, Michigan and shot to Chittle’s home. Was it because of a fire or a child climbing too high to a dangerous place Rather, it was for helping make a dream come true.
Outdoor activities and a slow pace of life are a mainstay in this rural town. When people were unable to leave the community, Scott Chittle decided they needed a safe place to come together and something joyful during the winter months. And what is a better outdoor activity to get people outside than ice skating
To fulfil his dream, Chittle downloaded instructions on how to build an ice rink and then ordered a 3,000 square foot waterproof cloth and some wood to create walls online. It took 12 fire trucks to get enough water to fill the plot.
It took a little time and some neighborly persuasion as Chittle went door to door to convince people to come to see his creation, and soon Chittle’s backyard ice rink became a Manton hot spot. Children were skating and shooting, a fire was burning, and hot chocolate was steaming in to-go cups. “When things were tough, it was a place,” says Chittle’s neighbor Audrey Hooker. “It was fantastic because we just came together and became calm and happy instead of concerned.”
But the goodwill didn’t stop with Chittle. When the community heard how much money he used to make this project happen, everyone stepped forward. A fundraiser brought in about $1,300, and letters flooded to Chittle’s home stuffed with cash. “Almost 30 complete strangers knocked on my door to just shake my hand and say thank you, most of them handing me money as well and three asking for a hug,” says Chittle. “This has been a community thing. It’s more than me. I want to show the rest of the world what a little effort and the best intentions can do.”
1．Why did fire trucks come to Manton
A．To deal with an emergency. B．To send water to the community.
C．To ensure people’s safety in the town. D．To help with Chittle building the ice rink.
2．What did Chittle do to carry out his project
A．Persuade his neighbors to make donations. B．Purchase a piece of land behind his house.
C．Turn to the Internet for tips and materials. D．Research the popular lifestyles in Manton.
3．How did the ice rink affect the community
A．It made the community popular in Mantan. B．It slowed down the pace of the residents’ life.
C．It offered people there comfort and company. D．It inspired the residents to do outdoor activities.
4．What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean
A．Everyone could make a difference to society. B．Chittle received acts of kindness from others.
C．The community got better due to the ice rink. D．Chittle had goodwill to the whole community.
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了由于活动限制，Scot Chittle在社区建造了溜冰场，以供社区居民进行户外活动。
1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“On an extremely cold December night, fire trucks arrived in the sleepy little town of Manton, Michigan and shot to Chittle’s home.(在12月的一个寒冷的晚上，消防车到达了密歇根州沉睡的曼顿小镇，冲向了Chittle的家)”、第二段“And what is a better outdoor activity to get people outside than ice skating (还有什么比滑冰更能让人们出门的户外活动呢)”和第三段“It took 12 fire trucks to get enough water to fill the plot.(12辆消防车才运来足够的水)”可知，在12月的一个晚上，消防车赶往Manton，是为了帮助Chittle修建溜冰场。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“To fulfil his dream, Chittle downloaded instructions on how to build an ice rink and then ordered a 3,000 square foot waterproof cloth and some wood to create walls online.(为了实现他的梦想，Chittle下载了如何建造溜冰场的说明，然后在网上订购了3000平方英尺的防水布和一些木头来建造墙壁)”可知，为了实现建溜冰场这一梦想，Chittle在网上下载了建造教程并购买了所需材料。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段““When things were tough, it was a place,” says Chittle’s neighbor Audrey Hooker. “It was fantastic because we just came together and became calm and happy instead of concerned.”(Chittle的邻居Audrey Hooker说道：“当情况艰难时，是这个地方，它太棒了，因为我们聚在一起，变得平静和快乐，而不是担心。”)”可知，在形势艰难的时候，Chittle建的溜冰场成了一个让人们可以聚在一起，感到平静和快乐，而不是担心的地方。由此可推断，Chittle建的溜冰场带给社区居民慰藉和陪伴。故选C。
4．词句猜测题。结合上文提到的Chittle为社区建溜冰场和划线句的后文内容“When the community heard how much money he used to make this project happen, everyone stepped forward. A fundraiser brought in about $1,300, and letters flooded to Chittle’s home stuffed with cash.(当社区听说他花了多少钱来实现这个项目时，每个人都挺身而出。一场筹款活动带来了大约1300美元的收入，人们给Chittle家里寄去了装满现金的信件)”可知，划线部分表示善意并没有在Chittle这里终止，同时Chittle也收到其他人的善意。故选B。
19
