2024届高考复习专题 定语从句 课件(共25张PPT)
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| 名称 | 2024届高考复习专题 定语从句 课件(共25张PPT) |  | |
| 格式 | pptx | ||
| 文件大小 | 655.3KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-01-31 19:14:12 | ||
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(共25张PPT)
2024高考必考知识点
定语从句
定语从句-真题重现
（2023·全国乙卷）But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place_________welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
（2023·全国甲卷）There was once a town in the heart of America, ____________all life seemes to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings.
（2022·全国甲卷） On the 1,100-kilometre journey, the man Cao Shengkang,_______lost his eysight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces.
（2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷）The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species_________live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
定语从句-真题重现
5.（2021·天津3月考改编）At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands_______artists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors.
6.（2020·全国新高考Ⅰ卷）The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum___________opened in 1759
7.（2020·全国卷Ⅲ）In ancient China lived an artist__________paintings were almost lifelike.
【定语从句·定义】
①什么是定语从句
在复合句中，用一个完整的句子充当定语，修饰名词或代词，这个句子就是定语从句。
先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词 关系词/引导词：引导定语从句的词
The pretty coat is red.
The coat that I bought yesterday is red.
定语：就是给人或物下定义，这里修饰coat，这里定语是一个单词。
定语从句：当定语有一个从句来充当，这个句子that I bought yesterday就是定语从句。
先行词
关系词
【定语从句·合并步骤】
一找：找出两句话中相同的成分
二删：删掉第二句中相同的成分
三替：用关系词替代被删掉的部分，并放在句首
四放：把替换后的句子放在先行词之后
This is the red dress. I bought the red dress yesterday.
I came across a book. The book inspired me to chase my dream.
that/which
【定语从句·结构&分类】
定语从句基本结构
先行词+关系词+定语从句
This is the red dress that I bought yesterday.
先行词：被定语从句所修饰的词 关系词：引导定语从句的词
定语从句分类
限制性定语从句：对先行词进行修饰、限制说明，是句中不可缺少的组成部分，删掉后整句话句意不明确
Do you know the boy who is from China
非限制性定语从句：前有逗号，对先行词进行补充说明，删掉后不影响整句话句意
I’m Li Hua, who is a middle school student, is enthusiastic about Chinese culture.
非限制性定语从句关系代词有who, whom, whose, which通常不用that
【定语从句·关系词】
关系词 先行词所指 关系词在从句中的作用
关系代词 that 人/物 主语、宾语、表语
which 事/物 主语、宾语
who 人 主语、宾语
whom 人 宾语
whose 人/物 定语
关系副词 when 时间 时间状语
where 地点 地点状语
why 原因 原因状语
【定语从句·关系词】
注意：
①定语从句关系词不能为what
②关系代词that, which, who, whom在定语从句中充当宾语时，可省略
③”介词+关系代词“结构中的关系代词不可以省略
【定语从句·关系代词that】
只用that不用which的情况
that可以替代which, who, whom,既可指人又可指物，作宾语时可省略，作主语时不可省。
必用that的情况：代、高、序、双、疑、特
①先行词含有不定代词时
不定代词：no, few, some, many, all, none,
none, little, any, much, every,
something, anything, everything, nothing
All that can be done has been done.
②先行词被最高级修饰时
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
【定语从句·关系代词that】
③先行词被序数词修饰时
The first thing that we should do is to get some food.
④先行词中及有人又有物时
We talked about the person and things that we remembered.
⑤句中已有疑问词who或which时，避免重复
Who is the girl that is making a speech.
⑥先行词中含有特指的词时the only, the very, the same, the last
The necklace is not the only thing that I lost.
【定语从句·关系代词which】
which指物，和that一样, 作宾语时可以省略，作主语时不可省
This is the book (which) you want.
This is the book which impresses me.
只用which不用that的情况
①先行词为that或those时
You must find out those which may be ignored by us.
②前有介词时
This is the house in which I live.
③前有逗号时
I saw a good film, which was about wizard.
【定语从句·关系代词who, whom, whose】
①who和whom
who指人作主语、宾语；whom指人作宾语
who在从句中作动词的宾语时，whom可代替who
I happened to meet the boy (that/who/whom) I got to know yesterday.
This is the woman (that/who/whom) I help.
This is the woman who/that helps me
【定语从句·关系代词who, whom, whose】
②用who不用that
先行词为those, one, ones, anyone, somebody
Those who are singing are all my classmates.
Anybody who breaks the rules would be punished.
先行词是I/you/he/she/they等时
He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.
there be句型中，先行词指人时用who,指物用that
There is a girl who expects to see you.
非限制性定语从句中，先行词指人用who
Mr. Green, who is a great teacher, is popular among students.
【定语从句·关系代词who, whom, whose】
③whose指人和物的
相当于形容词性物主代词或名词所有格“....的”
后必有名词且与后面的名词为所属关系
I know the girl whose parents are teachers.
【定语从句·关系副词when, where, why】
关系副词 先行词 作用
when=介词+which 时间 时间状语
where=介词+which 地点 地点状语
why+介词+which 原因 原因状语
【定语从句·关系副词when,where,why】
①先行词为时间时,when代替先行词在定语从句中充当时间状语
This is the day when/on which he got married。
当先行词是时间名词，关系词在从句中充当主语或宾语时用that或which
Do you remember the days _________we chatted with each other all night
Do you remember the days _________we spent together on the farm.
when
that/which
【定语从句·关系副词when,where,why】
②先行词为地点时
This is the house where/in which we used to live.
当先行词为地点名词时，如果关系词在从句中充当主语或宾语，用that或which
当position, point, case, stage, situation, atmosphere等表示抽象地点的名词充当先行词时，若定语从句中缺少状语，用where引导定语从句
This is the house_____________was built by my grandfather forty years ago.
It’s helpful to put children in a situation ___________they can see themselves differently.
that/which
where
【定语从句·关系副词when,where,why】
③先行词为原因时
This is the reason why/for which he is leaving for Shanghai.
若替代先行词reason的关系词在定语从句中不作状语，而是充当主语或者宾语，则用that/which引导定语从句。
The reason______I got a job was that I worked hard
I won’t listen to the reason _________you have given us.
that/which
why
【定语从句·关系代词or关系副词？】
看先行词在定语从句中是作状语，还是主语或宾语。
作状语用when/where/why.作主语或宾语指人用who/that,指物用which/that
看定语从句中的动词是及物动词还是不及物动词
及物动词后若无宾语，则从句中需要作宾语的that/which/who/whom.
不及物动词则缺状语，用when/where/why
We will never forget the day________we work together.
we will never forget the day_________we spent in the village.
The place___________we visited is well-known.
This is the place__________I worked.
That is the reason_______he told me.
That is the reason ________he loves Rachael.
that/which
when
that/which
where
that/which
why
【非限制性定语从句】
非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思
This letter is from his parents, who are working in Tibet.
与主句之间通常用逗号隔开，用法与限制性定语从句极为相似，但不能用that和why引导。
I had told the teacher the reason, for which I didn’t attend the class.
非限制性定语从句的关系代词which既可以指代前面的先行词，也可以指代前面整句的含义。
This is the best novel_______I have ever read.
The novel is very interesting, ________ makes me delighted.
He seems not to have understood______I meant,________greatly upsets me.
that
which
what
which
【非限制性定语从句as&which】
as引导的非限制性定语从句
as作关系代词引导非限制性定语从句时，指代整个主句，意为“正如，正像”。as引导的句子可放在句首、句末或句中。which引导定语从句指代整句话内容时，只能放句末。
我们都知道吸烟有害健康：
As we know, smoking is harmful to our health.
Smoking, as we know, is harmful to our health.
Smoking is harmful to our health, as is known to us all.
【非限制性定语从句as&which】
as引导的从句意义上不可与主句相悖，而which引导的不受此限制。
Chang’e-1 has been launched successfully,______was expected.
The result of the experiment was very good,________we hadn’t expected.
as的习惯用语：
as is often the case情况常常如此
as is expected./as we expect正如预料的那样
as is known to us/as we all know众所周知
as we can see正如我们看到的
as has been said before 如前所述
as I can remember 正如我记得的
as
which
定语从句-真题重现
（2023·全国乙卷）But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place_________welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
（2023·全国甲卷）There was once a town in the heart of America, ____________all life seemes to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings.
（2022·全国甲卷） On the 1,100-kilometre journey, the man Cao Shengkang,_______lost his eysight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces.
（2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷）The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species_________live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
that/which
that
who
where
定语从句-真题重现
5.（2021·天津3月考改编）At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands_______artists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors.
6.（2020·全国新高考Ⅰ卷）The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum___________opened in 1759
7.（2020·全国卷Ⅲ）In ancient China lived an artist__________paintings were almost lifelike.
where
whose
that/which
2024高考必考知识点
Thanks!
2024高考必考知识点
定语从句
定语从句-真题重现
（2023·全国乙卷）But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place_________welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
（2023·全国甲卷）There was once a town in the heart of America, ____________all life seemes to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings.
（2022·全国甲卷） On the 1,100-kilometre journey, the man Cao Shengkang,_______lost his eysight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces.
（2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷）The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species_________live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
定语从句-真题重现
5.（2021·天津3月考改编）At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands_______artists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors.
6.（2020·全国新高考Ⅰ卷）The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum___________opened in 1759
7.（2020·全国卷Ⅲ）In ancient China lived an artist__________paintings were almost lifelike.
【定语从句·定义】
①什么是定语从句
在复合句中，用一个完整的句子充当定语，修饰名词或代词，这个句子就是定语从句。
先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词 关系词/引导词：引导定语从句的词
The pretty coat is red.
The coat that I bought yesterday is red.
定语：就是给人或物下定义，这里修饰coat，这里定语是一个单词。
定语从句：当定语有一个从句来充当，这个句子that I bought yesterday就是定语从句。
先行词
关系词
【定语从句·合并步骤】
一找：找出两句话中相同的成分
二删：删掉第二句中相同的成分
三替：用关系词替代被删掉的部分，并放在句首
四放：把替换后的句子放在先行词之后
This is the red dress. I bought the red dress yesterday.
I came across a book. The book inspired me to chase my dream.
that/which
【定语从句·结构&分类】
定语从句基本结构
先行词+关系词+定语从句
This is the red dress that I bought yesterday.
先行词：被定语从句所修饰的词 关系词：引导定语从句的词
定语从句分类
限制性定语从句：对先行词进行修饰、限制说明，是句中不可缺少的组成部分，删掉后整句话句意不明确
Do you know the boy who is from China
非限制性定语从句：前有逗号，对先行词进行补充说明，删掉后不影响整句话句意
I’m Li Hua, who is a middle school student, is enthusiastic about Chinese culture.
非限制性定语从句关系代词有who, whom, whose, which通常不用that
【定语从句·关系词】
关系词 先行词所指 关系词在从句中的作用
关系代词 that 人/物 主语、宾语、表语
which 事/物 主语、宾语
who 人 主语、宾语
whom 人 宾语
whose 人/物 定语
关系副词 when 时间 时间状语
where 地点 地点状语
why 原因 原因状语
【定语从句·关系词】
注意：
①定语从句关系词不能为what
②关系代词that, which, who, whom在定语从句中充当宾语时，可省略
③”介词+关系代词“结构中的关系代词不可以省略
【定语从句·关系代词that】
只用that不用which的情况
that可以替代which, who, whom,既可指人又可指物，作宾语时可省略，作主语时不可省。
必用that的情况：代、高、序、双、疑、特
①先行词含有不定代词时
不定代词：no, few, some, many, all, none,
none, little, any, much, every,
something, anything, everything, nothing
All that can be done has been done.
②先行词被最高级修饰时
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
【定语从句·关系代词that】
③先行词被序数词修饰时
The first thing that we should do is to get some food.
④先行词中及有人又有物时
We talked about the person and things that we remembered.
⑤句中已有疑问词who或which时，避免重复
Who is the girl that is making a speech.
⑥先行词中含有特指的词时the only, the very, the same, the last
The necklace is not the only thing that I lost.
【定语从句·关系代词which】
which指物，和that一样, 作宾语时可以省略，作主语时不可省
This is the book (which) you want.
This is the book which impresses me.
只用which不用that的情况
①先行词为that或those时
You must find out those which may be ignored by us.
②前有介词时
This is the house in which I live.
③前有逗号时
I saw a good film, which was about wizard.
【定语从句·关系代词who, whom, whose】
①who和whom
who指人作主语、宾语；whom指人作宾语
who在从句中作动词的宾语时，whom可代替who
I happened to meet the boy (that/who/whom) I got to know yesterday.
This is the woman (that/who/whom) I help.
This is the woman who/that helps me
【定语从句·关系代词who, whom, whose】
②用who不用that
先行词为those, one, ones, anyone, somebody
Those who are singing are all my classmates.
Anybody who breaks the rules would be punished.
先行词是I/you/he/she/they等时
He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.
there be句型中，先行词指人时用who,指物用that
There is a girl who expects to see you.
非限制性定语从句中，先行词指人用who
Mr. Green, who is a great teacher, is popular among students.
【定语从句·关系代词who, whom, whose】
③whose指人和物的
相当于形容词性物主代词或名词所有格“....的”
后必有名词且与后面的名词为所属关系
I know the girl whose parents are teachers.
【定语从句·关系副词when, where, why】
关系副词 先行词 作用
when=介词+which 时间 时间状语
where=介词+which 地点 地点状语
why+介词+which 原因 原因状语
【定语从句·关系副词when,where,why】
①先行词为时间时,when代替先行词在定语从句中充当时间状语
This is the day when/on which he got married。
当先行词是时间名词，关系词在从句中充当主语或宾语时用that或which
Do you remember the days _________we chatted with each other all night
Do you remember the days _________we spent together on the farm.
when
that/which
【定语从句·关系副词when,where,why】
②先行词为地点时
This is the house where/in which we used to live.
当先行词为地点名词时，如果关系词在从句中充当主语或宾语，用that或which
当position, point, case, stage, situation, atmosphere等表示抽象地点的名词充当先行词时，若定语从句中缺少状语，用where引导定语从句
This is the house_____________was built by my grandfather forty years ago.
It’s helpful to put children in a situation ___________they can see themselves differently.
that/which
where
【定语从句·关系副词when,where,why】
③先行词为原因时
This is the reason why/for which he is leaving for Shanghai.
若替代先行词reason的关系词在定语从句中不作状语，而是充当主语或者宾语，则用that/which引导定语从句。
The reason______I got a job was that I worked hard
I won’t listen to the reason _________you have given us.
that/which
why
【定语从句·关系代词or关系副词？】
看先行词在定语从句中是作状语，还是主语或宾语。
作状语用when/where/why.作主语或宾语指人用who/that,指物用which/that
看定语从句中的动词是及物动词还是不及物动词
及物动词后若无宾语，则从句中需要作宾语的that/which/who/whom.
不及物动词则缺状语，用when/where/why
We will never forget the day________we work together.
we will never forget the day_________we spent in the village.
The place___________we visited is well-known.
This is the place__________I worked.
That is the reason_______he told me.
That is the reason ________he loves Rachael.
that/which
when
that/which
where
that/which
why
【非限制性定语从句】
非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思
This letter is from his parents, who are working in Tibet.
与主句之间通常用逗号隔开，用法与限制性定语从句极为相似，但不能用that和why引导。
I had told the teacher the reason, for which I didn’t attend the class.
非限制性定语从句的关系代词which既可以指代前面的先行词，也可以指代前面整句的含义。
This is the best novel_______I have ever read.
The novel is very interesting, ________ makes me delighted.
He seems not to have understood______I meant,________greatly upsets me.
that
which
what
which
【非限制性定语从句as&which】
as引导的非限制性定语从句
as作关系代词引导非限制性定语从句时，指代整个主句，意为“正如，正像”。as引导的句子可放在句首、句末或句中。which引导定语从句指代整句话内容时，只能放句末。
我们都知道吸烟有害健康：
As we know, smoking is harmful to our health.
Smoking, as we know, is harmful to our health.
Smoking is harmful to our health, as is known to us all.
【非限制性定语从句as&which】
as引导的从句意义上不可与主句相悖，而which引导的不受此限制。
Chang’e-1 has been launched successfully,______was expected.
The result of the experiment was very good,________we hadn’t expected.
as的习惯用语：
as is often the case情况常常如此
as is expected./as we expect正如预料的那样
as is known to us/as we all know众所周知
as we can see正如我们看到的
as has been said before 如前所述
as I can remember 正如我记得的
as
which
定语从句-真题重现
（2023·全国乙卷）But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place_________welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
（2023·全国甲卷）There was once a town in the heart of America, ____________all life seemes to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings.
（2022·全国甲卷） On the 1,100-kilometre journey, the man Cao Shengkang,_______lost his eysight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces.
（2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷）The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species_________live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
that/which
that
who
where
定语从句-真题重现
5.（2021·天津3月考改编）At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands_______artists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors.
6.（2020·全国新高考Ⅰ卷）The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum___________opened in 1759
7.（2020·全国卷Ⅲ）In ancient China lived an artist__________paintings were almost lifelike.
where
whose
that/which
2024高考必考知识点
Thanks!