2024 届高三第一学期期末考试
英 语
卷面满分 120 分，考试用时 120 分钟。
第一部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分 50 分)
第一节 （共 15 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
For high school students, just thinking about your career probably isn’t enough. You have to actively do some research and plan. Here are some of the best careers for the future and how you can get your foot in the door.
Registered Nurses
To become registered nurses, you’re going to need either an associate degree in nursing, a Bachelor of Science in nursing, or another officially approved diploma(文凭) from a nursing program. If you want to be a practicing physician, you’ll need a medical degree in your chosen field on top of your four-year degree.
Data Analysts
Big data is a growing field with profitable opportunities for college graduates. You are required to have a master’s degree in computer science or another related field. Data science is a traditionally male-dominated industry and only 26 percent are held by women. Thankfully, it is holding out an olive branch to females and there are some terrific programs specially designed for them to break into this dynamic field.
Plumbers (管道工) and Electricians
Not all of the best careers for the future will require a four-year undergraduate degree. There’s a serious demand for skilled positions jobs like plumbers and technicians. Many of these positions require a high school degree and often an associate degree in a related field, but don’t necessarily require graduation from a four-year university.
Cybersecurity (网络安全) Experts
The average salaries for cybersecurity experts can start at $80, 000 for IT Security Consultants and can reach six figures for other positions such as a security director. The best way to start your path in cybersecurity is with a bachelor’s degree in computer science, information technology, engineering, or other related fields.
1. In which job will the gender distribution probably be more balanced
A. Data Analysts. B. Registered Nurses.
C. Cybersecurity Experts. D. Plumbers and Electricians.
2. To be a cybersecurity expert, which is the basic requirement
A. A master’s degree in computer science.
B. A certificate of high school graduation.
C. A bachelor’s degree in information technology.
D. A diploma officially approved from a medical program.
3. Where is the text probably taken from
A. A health lecture. B. A school website.
C. A job advertisement. D. A science magazine.
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章为高中生介绍了四种职业规划。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Data science is a traditionally male-dominated industry and only 26 percent are held by women. Thankfully, it is holding out an olive branch to females and there are some terrific programs specially designed for them to break into this dynamic field. (数据科学是一个传统上由男性主导的行业，女性仅占26%。值得庆幸的是，该公司向女性抛出了橄榄枝，有一些很棒的项目专门为她们设计，帮助她们进入这个充满活力的领域。)”可知，数据分析师这个行业的男女性别比例会更均衡一些。故选A。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段“The best way to start your path in cybersecurity is with a bachelor’s degree in computer science, information technology, engineering, or another related field.( 开始你的网络安全之路的最佳方式是获得计算机科学、信息技术、工程或其他相关领域的学士学位。)”可知，从事网络安全员的工作，需要专业是计算机科学、信息技术、工程学或相关领域的本科学历毕业生。C项正确。A、B和D分别意为“计算机科学专业硕士毕业生”、“高中毕业生”和“官方认证的某医疗项目文凭”，均不符合题意。故选C。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“For high school students, just thinking about your career probably isn’t enough. You have to actively do some research and plan. Here are some of the best careers for the future and how you can get your foot in the door.(对于高中生来说，仅仅考虑自己的职业生涯可能是不够的。你必须积极地做一些调查和计划。以下是一些未来最好的职业，以及你如何进入这扇门。) ”可知，下文内容是讲给高中生的，目的是让高中生提前进行职业规划。所以推测此篇文本选自学校网站内容。故选B。
B
On the day he almost died, Kimbal Musk had food on the brain. The Internet startup talent and restaurateur had just arrived in Jackson Hole from a conference where chef Jamie Oliver had spoken about the benefits of healthy eating. This was something Musk thought about a lot- how he might make a difference to the food industry—but beyond expanding his farm-to-table movement along with his restaurant, Musk hadn’t yet broken the code. Then he went sailing down a snowy slope (坡) and fell over, breaking his neck. The left side of his body was paralyzed.
Musk eventually made a full recovery, but it involved spending two months on his back, which gave him plenty of time to come up with a plan. Since then, he has launched an initiative to put “learning gardens” in public schools across America; attracted Generation Z to the farming profession by changing shipping containers into high-tech, data-driven, year-round farms; and this year, is kicking off a new campaign to create one million at-home gardens.
Aimed at reaching low- income families, the Million Gardens Movement was inspired by the pandemic, as both a desire to feel more connected to nature and food insecurity have been at the forefront of so many people’s lives. “We were getting a lot of inquiries about gardening from people that had never gardened before,” says Musk. “People were looking to garden for a bunch of reasons: to supplement their budget, to improve the nutritional quality of their diets, or just to cure the boredom that came with the lockdown.”
The program offers free garden kits that can be grown indoors or outdoors and will be distributed through schools that Musk's non-profit, Big Green, has already partnered with. It also offers free courses on how to get the garden growing and fresh seeds and materials for the changing growing seasons. “I grew up in the projects when I was young, in what we now call food deserts,” says EVE, one of the many celebrities who have teamed up with the organization to encourage people to pick up a free garden. “What I love about this is that it's not difficult. We are all able to grow something.”
4. What inspired Musk to be devoted to food industry
A. An accident. B. Jamie Oliver’s speech.
C. The pandemic. D. The farm-to-table movement.
5. What can we learn about the Million Gardens Movement
A It has mainly attracted young generations. B. It has just accomplished its target.
C. It may be stimulated by a lack of food security. D. It increases economic burdens for the poor.
6. Which of the following best describes Musk
A. Charitable. B. Honest. C. Flexible. D. Strict.
7. Why is EVE taken as an example
A. To demonstrate the program to be non-profit. B. To share his experience in a food desert.
C. To encourage people to start a free garden. D. To clarify the reason why he loves a garden.
【答案】4. B 5. C 6. A 7. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Musk在受Jamie Oliver演讲的启发后，创立百万个家庭花园，鼓励和教授人们自己种植自己的食物，来让自己吃的食物更健康。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的“The Internet startup talent and restaurateur had just arrived in Jackson Hole from a conference where chef Jamie Oliver had spoken about the benefits of healthy eating. This made Musk think a lot—how he might make a difference to the food industry(这位互联网创业天才和餐馆老板刚刚参加完Jackson Hole的一个会议抵达Jackson Hole，会上主厨Jamie Oliver谈到了健康饮食的好处。这让马斯克思考了很多——他如何能对食品行业作出改变)”可知，Musk在参加完Jamie Oliver的演讲之后开始考虑对食品行业作出改变，即受到了这个演讲的启发。故选B。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的“Aimed at reaching low- income families, the Million Gardens Movement was inspired by the pandemic, as both a desire to feel more connected to nature and food insecurity have been at the forefront of so many people’s lives. (百万花园运动旨在帮助低收入家庭，受到疫情的启发，因为许多人生活的首要问题是希望更多地与自然联系，以及粮食不安全)”可知，Million Gardens Movement可能是由于缺乏粮食安全而引起的。故选C。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段的“Aimed at reaching low-income families(旨在惠及低收入家庭)”可知Musk创立百万花园运动主要针对低收入家庭；由文章最后一段的“The program offers free garden kits that can be grown indoors or outdoors(该计划提供可以在室内或室外种植的免费花园套件)”可知他免费给人们提供种植套件；“It also offers free courses(它还提供免费课程)”可知Musk的计划还给人提供免费课程；综上所述，可推知Musk是富有慈善意识的。故选A。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的“ “I grew up in the projects when I was young, in what we now call food deserts,” says EVE, one of the many celebrities who have teamed up with the organization to encourage people to pick up a free garden. “What I love about this is that it's not difficult. We are all able to grow something.”(“我小时候在这些项目中长大，我们现在称之为食物沙漠，”伊芙说，她是许多名人之一，与该组织合作，鼓励人们挑选一个免费的花园。“我喜欢这个的原因是它并不难。我们都能种点东西。”)”推知，最后一段用EVE的例子是为了鼓励人们开始免费的花园。故选C。
C
Today, poetry and science are often considered to be mutually exclusive career paths. But that wasn’t always the case. The mathematician A da Lovelace and the physicist James Clerk Mahwah were both accomplished poets. The poet John Keats was a licensed surgeon. Combining the two practices fell out of favor in the 1800s. But translating research into lyrics, haiku, and other poetic forms is resurging (再现) among scientists as they look for alternative ways to inspire others with their findings.
“Poetry is a great tool for questioning the world,” says Sam Illingworth, a poet and a geoscientist who works at the University of Western Australia. Through workshops and a new science-poetry journal, called Consilience, Illingworth is helping scientists to translate their latest results into poems that can attract appreciation from those outside of their immediate scientific field.
Stephany Mazon, a scientist from the University of Helsinki in Finland, joined one of Illingworth’s workshops. In the workshop, she was grouped with other scientists and tasked with writing a haiku, a 17-syllable-long poem, which spotlighted water, a fluid that featured in all of the group members’ research projects. “It was a lot of fun, and surprisingly easy to write the poem,” Mazon says. She plans to continue writing. “We do a disservice(伤害) to ourselves to think that scientists can’t be artistic and that art can’t be use a to communicate scientific ideas,” Mazon says.
That viewpoint is echoed by Illingworth, who thinks science communication initiatives are too often dominated by public lectures with their hands-off PowerPoint slides. “Actually, when science communication involves writing and sharing poems, it invites a two-way dialogue between experts and nonexperts,” he says. Scientist-poet Manjula Silva, an educator at Imperial College London, agrees. Poetry provides a way to translate complex scientific concepts into a language that everyone can understand, Silva says.
Scientists and poets are both trying to understand the world and communicate that understanding with others. The distinction between scientists and poets is less than people might think. We’re all just people with hopefully really interesting things to say and to share.
8. What does the underlined word “exclusive” probably mean
A. Unable to contrast at the same time. B. Unable to detect each other.
C. Unable to distinct from each other. D. Unable to exist at the same time.
9. What are Illingworth’s workshops aimed to do
A. Promote a new science-poetry journal.
B. Inspire outsiders to pursue their careers in science.
C. Encourage science communication through poems.
D. Get scientists to exchange ideas about the latest research.
10. What does Illingworth think of the dominant ways of science communication
A. Conventional. B. Effective. C. Innovative. D. Complex.
11. Which of the following is the best title for the text
A. Poetry: A Great Tool to Question the World
B. Scientists Take on Poetry
C. Science Communication: A Two-way Dialogue
D. Scientists and Poets Think Alike
【答案】8. D 9. C 10. A 11. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了科学家和诗人之间的联系。文章提到了一些名人，以显示诗歌和科学并不总是被认为是互相排斥的职业道路。
【8题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“But that wasn’t always the case.(但情况并非总是如此)”以及第一段“The mathematician A da Lovelace and the physicist James Clerk Mahwah were both accomplished poets. The poet John Keats was a licensed surgeon. Combining the two practices fell out of favor in the 1800s.(数学家A da Lovelace和物理学家James Clerk Mahwah都是有成就的诗人。诗人约翰·济慈是一位有执照的外科医生)”可知，后文举例说明诗歌和科学可以同时存在，结合but表示转折，可知第一句意思是：诗歌和科学通常被认为是不能同时存在的职业道路。故划线词意思是“不能同时存在”。故选D。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Through workshops and a new science-poetry journal, called Consilience, Illingworth is helping scientists to translate their latest results into poems that can attract appreciation from those outside of their immediate scientific field.(通过研讨会和一本名为Consilience的新科学诗歌期刊，伊林沃思正在帮助科学家将他们的最新成果转化为诗歌，以吸引他们所在科学领域以外的人的欣赏)”可知，伊林沃思的研讨会旨在鼓励通过诗歌进行科学交流。故选C。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中“That viewpoint is echoed by Illingworth, who thinks science communication initiatives are too often dominated by public lectures with their hands-off PowerPoint slides. (Illingworth也赞同这一观点，他认为科学传播计划往往被公开讲座和不干涉的PowerPoint幻灯片所主导)”可知，伊林沃思认为，科学交流倡议往往被公开讲座的幻灯片所主导，这是一种老套的方式。故选A。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。文中提到了一些历史人物，如数学家 Ada Lovelace 和物理学家James Clerk Maxwell 都是杰出的诗人，说明诗歌和科学在过去并不是相互排斥的领域。但是在19世纪，将两种领域结合起来的做法逐渐没落。现在，随着科学家们在寻找更多向外部人员灌输科研成果的方法，将研究成果转化为诗歌、俳句等文学形式的做法再次流行起来。文章介绍了Sam Illingworth学者和诗人的身份交替和新的科学诗歌杂志 Consilience，以及他如何鼓励科学家们将自己的成果转化为韵文和诗歌，从而向更广泛的受众灌输他们的最新研究成果。此外，文章也引用了科学家Manjula Silva的观点，认为诗歌为将复杂的科学概念转化为大家都可以理解的语言提供了方便，综上，文章主要强调科学家开始研究诗歌（通过石刻的形式传播科学）。B选项“科学家研究诗歌”最符合文章标题。故选B。
D
Have you ever lost something in a hard-to-reach space, like behind a couch or a cupboard Wouldn’t it be nice to just be able to squeeze in and out New innovations in the field of robotics will soon be able to make this nice idea into a reality.
In a study published on Jan. 25 in the science journal Matter, engineers from The Chinese University of Hong Kong and Carnegie Mellon University in the US have developed small robots that can quickly change back and forth from liquid to solid states.
According to the website Mashable, the scientists were inspired by sea cucumbers (海参). They are able to change the stiffness of their body or reduce the potential for physical damage. The robots in the study were made from gallium, a soft metal with a low melting point of 30℃. The scientists then used changes in the magnetic field to handle the magnetic particles (粒子) inside the gallium material to provide heat. This heat then allowed the robots to change between solid and liquid states as well as to move around.
As the website Tech Xplore pointed out, other similar materials require external heat sources such as heat guns and electrical currents to bring a change of states; but now, the robots can use a heat source inside itself to change states independently.
During the robots’ experimental trials, the scientists conducted a number of tests. These tests included having the robots melt into liquid and re-form to escape a prison-like cage. It can remove a foreign object from and deliver medicinal drugs to a model stomach. The robot is also able to build and repair hard-to-reach circuits. The robots’ ability to switch between states of matter allows for a number of possible uses and advancements in different fields, such as the biomedical and circuit assembly industries.
Still, in the words of senior author Carmel Majidi at Carnegie Mellon University, for now these are all just “proofs of concept” which show the abilities of these new kinds of robots.
12. What can we learn about the small robots
A. They were produced by British scientists.
B. They came from inspiration of sea cucumbers.
C. They can help people squeeze in and out freely.
D. They were made from a newly invented material.
13. How did scientists change the state of the robots
A. By employing a heat source.
B. By using electrical currents.
C. By controlling the magnetic particles.
D. By building hard-to-reach circuits.
14. What can be inferred about the robots from Majidi’s words
A. Their abilities are overstated.
B. They have great market potential.
C. Proof is needed to understand the concept.
D. It will take time for them to be widely used.
15. What might be the best title of the passage
A. Ongoing Challenges the New Robots Face
B. Amazing Features the New Robots Possess
C. Potential Limitations the New Robots Have
D. New Melting Robots Switching between Different States
【答案】12. B 13. C 14. D 15. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。来自香港中文大学和美国卡内基梅隆大学的工程师开发出了能够快速从液态到固态来回切换的小型机器人。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“According to the website Mashable, the scientists were inspired by sea cucumbers (海参). (据Mashable网站报道，科学家们的灵感来自海参。)”可知，是海参为他们提供了灵感从而创造了这种小型机器人。故选B。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“The scientists then used changes in the magnetic field to handle the magnetic particles (粒子) inside the gallium material to provide heat. (然后，科学家们利用磁场的变化来操纵镓材料内部的磁性粒子来提供热量)”可知，科学家是通过控制磁性粒子改变机器人的状态的。故选C。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Still, in the words of senior author Carmel Majidi at Carnegie Mellon University, for now these are all just “proofs of concept” which show the abilities of these new kinds of robots. (尽管如此，用卡内基梅隆大学资深作者卡梅尔 马吉迪的话来说，目前这些都只是“概念证明”，展示了这些新型机器人的能力)”从马吉迪的话中可以推断出，机器人需要更多的时间才能被广泛使用。故选D。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第二段“In a study published on Jan. 25 in the science journal Matter, engineers from The Chinese University of Hong Kong and Carnegie Mellon University in the US have developed small robots that can quickly change back and forth from liquid to solid states. (在1月25日发表在科学杂志《物质》上的一项研究中，来自香港中文大学和美国卡内基梅隆大学的工程师们开发出了一种小型机器人，可以快速地从液体状态切换到固体状态)”可知，文章主要介绍新型的可以快速地从液体状态切换到固体状态的机器人。故选D。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The Lipstick Effect
In 2020, the world was plunged into an economic down turn as the COVID-19 pandemic caused widespread closures to businesses. ____16____ During such times of economic hardship, one may naturally expect that consumer markets will see a decline in expenditure, as people everywhere feel restricted to making only “essential” purchases. However, a curious phenomenon known as the “lipstick effect” can often be observed.
The lipstick effect refers to the phenomenon of consumers spending on small luxury goods even when an economic depression occurs. ____17____ However, many still find the cash for purchases of small luxury items, such as lipstick. This phenomenon was termed the “lipstick effect” in 2001 by Leonard Lauder, chairman of luxury cosmetic company Estée Lauder. He had not only witnessed the phenomenon at work but also realized that it was especially evident in the case of lipstick and other cosmetic products.
____18____ First and perhaps most obviously, consumers may simply wish to give themselves treats now and again to provide distractions from their financial insecurity. Another theory has to do with labour markets. Specifically, during the economic depression, job seeking tends to become more competitive. Thus, people seeking employment may perceive a need to spend money on certain products to improve their physical appearance. ____19____
Whatever the causes of the lipstick effect. this phenomenon is no short-lived trend. During the global depression of 2007-2009, sales of cosmetic in the United States increased by around 5%. Based on such data, it seems that even in the current insecure economic climate, the luxury cosmetics industry is one that will be sticking around.
While lipstick as an economic indicator makes sense, it can be difficult for the public to access sales data on lipstick and similar products at regular intervals, such as weekly or monthly. ____20____ However, it’s of no practical use to a regular mom-and-pop investor, unless they also can easily track lipstick sales.
A. What does lipstick tell us about the economy
B. They do not have enough to spend on big-ticket luxury items.
C. The lipstick effect is a behavior that reflects economic conditions and emotional states.
D. So, how exactly do consumers who are short of cash justify making such purchases
E. By using products such as lipstick, they may feel more confident during job interviews.
F. As a result, the lipstick indicator helps the chair of Estée Lauder know how to plan his budget.
G. Under these circumstances, millions of people suddenly found themselves facing financial insecurity.
【答案】16. G 17. B 18. D 19. E 20. F
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了口红效应。
【16题详解】
由上文“In 2020, the world was plunged into an economic down turn as the COVID-19 pandemic caused widespread closures to businesses. (2020年，由于COVID-19大流行导致企业普遍关闭，世界陷入了经济衰退。)”可知，本空要说跟“经济衰退对人们影响”有关的话题，由后文“During such times of economic hardship, one may naturally expect that consumer markets will see a decline in expenditure, as people everywhere feel restricted to making only “essential” purchases. (在这样的经济困难时期，人们可能会自然地预期消费市场将看到支出的下降，因为各地的人们都感到只能购买“必需品”。)”可知，本句要表达经济衰退对人们消费态度的影响，故G选项“Under these circumstances, millions of people suddenly found themselves facing financial insecurity. (在这种情况下，数以百万计的人突然发现自己面临着经济上的不安全。)”能承上启下，符合题意。故选G。
【17题详解】
由上文“The lipstick effect refers to the phenomenon of consumers spending on small luxury goods even when an economic depression occurs. (“口红效应”是指即使经济不景气，消费者也会购买小型奢侈品的现象。)”可知，本空要说跟“购买小型奢侈品的原因”有关的话题，由后文“However, many still find the cash for purchases of small luxury items, such as lipstick. (然而，许多人仍然会用现金购买口红等小型奢侈品。)”可知，本句要与后文构成转折。故B选项“They do not have enough to spend on big-ticket luxury items. (他们没有足够的钱购买高价奢侈品。)”能承上启下，符合题意。故选B。
【18题详解】
由下文“First and perhaps most obviously, consumers may simply wish to give themselves treats now and again to provide distractions from their financial insecurity. Another theory has to do with labour markets. Specifically, during the economic depression, job seeking tends to become more competitive. Thus, people seeking employment may perceive a need to spend money on certain products to improve their physical appearance. (首先，或许也是最明显的一点是，消费者可能只是希望时不时地犒劳一下自己，以分散自己对财务不安全感的注意力。另一个理论与劳动力市场有关。具体来说，在经济萧条时期，求职的竞争变得更加激烈。因此，寻找工作的人可能会觉得有必要花钱购买某些产品来改善他们的外表。)”可知，本空要说跟“此类购买原因”有关的话题，故D选项“So, how exactly do consumers who are short of cash justify making such purchases (那么，现金短缺的消费者究竟如何证明进行此类购买是合理的呢？)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选D。
【19题详解】
由上文“Thus, people seeking employment may perceive a need to spend money on certain products to improve their physical appearance. (因此，寻找工作的人可能会觉得有必要花钱购买某些产品来改善他们的外表。)”可知，本空要说跟“改善他们的外表的好处”有关的话题，故E选项“By using products such as lipstick, they may feel more confident during job interviews. (通过使用口红等产品，他们可能会在求职面试中感到更加自信。)”能承上启下，符合题意。故选E。
【20题详解】
由上文“While lipstick as an economic indicator makes sense, it can be difficult for the public to access sales data on lipstick and similar products at regular intervals, such as weekly or monthly. (虽然口红作为一个经济指标是有道理的，但公众很难定期获得口红和类似产品的销售数据，比如每周或每月。)”可知，本空要说跟“利用销售数据”有关的话题，故F选项“As a result, the lipstick indicator helps the chair of Estée Lauder know how to plan his budget. (因此，口红指标有助于雅诗兰黛董事长了解如何规划预算。)”能承上启下，符合题意。故选F。
第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 30 分）
第一节 (共 15 小题; 每小题 1 分，满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处 的最佳选项。
In 2014, Xu Yitang, a student at the National Academy of Chinese Theatre Arts, saw corals at an aquarium for the first time.
Little did he know the chance ___21___ with the creature would spark a lifelong ___22___. He began to ___23___ the local market to learn about coral farming from merchants selling plants fish and corals. He also searched for information on relevant forums online, and before long, started ___24___ a coral in a small fish tank at home.
“The coral organism is quite ___25___ and has extremely high ___26___ for water quality,” recalls Xu. “In the beginning, its state was not good.”
As he became better ___27___ of the creature, he learned that coral reefs are known as “tropical rainforests” and “underwater gardens” of the ocean, providing ___28___ for a quarter of all marine life. ___29___, rising sea temperatures have led to coral ___30___. Xu felt an increasing sense of urgency and ___31___ to protect them.
Fast-forward to today, he ___32___ a coral conservationist in a Sanya-based tropical biological research center.
Each day, he spends several hours diving deep under the waves to observe and ___33___ the growth and development of the creatures.
His story has been ___34___ in the recently premiered online program Burning Youth that aims to use documentary shorts and in-depth studio interviews to ___35___ the inspiring stories of young Chinese people from various walks of life.
21.
A. incident B. witness C. encounter D. appointment
22.
A. passion B. vision C. friendship D. career
23.
A study B. frequent C. examine D. discover
24.
A. treating B. preserving C. selecting D. growing
25.
A. tough B. smooth C. delicate D. impressive
26.
A. benefits B. requirements C. expenses D. responses
27.
A. reminded B. informed C. warned D. convinced
28.
A. shelters B. partners C. opportunities D. services
29.
A. Somehow B. Nevertheless C. Therefore D. Unfortunately
30.
A. extinction B. variation C. decline D. expansion
31.
A. responsibility B. relief C. achievement D. belonging
32.
A. consults with B. applies for C. seeks out D. acts as
33.
A. find out B. note down C. show off D. speed up
34.
A. revised B. contributed C. announced D. featured
35.
A. assess B. follow C. relate D. invent
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. B 24. D 25. C 26. B 27. B 28. A 29. D 30. C 31. A 32. D 33. B 34. D 35. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了徐益堂2014年偶然间在水族馆看到了珊瑚，喜欢上了珊瑚，于是开始了解并且自己培育珊瑚。如今，他抓住机会成为了一名珊瑚保护主义者，他的故事被最近首播的网络节目《燃烧的青春》报道。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他一点也不知道与这个生物的偶然相遇会点燃他一生的激情。A. incident事故；B. witness目击者；C. encounter偶遇；D. appointment约会。根据后文“He began to 3 the local market to learn about coral farming from merchants selling plants, fish and corals.”他看到珊瑚，喜欢上了珊瑚，可知是一次和珊瑚的偶然相遇。故选C。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他一点也不知道与这个生物的偶然相遇会点燃他一生的激情。A. passion激情；B. vision视野；C. friendship友谊；D. career事业。根据后文“learn about coral farming from merchants selling plants, fish and corals”可知，徐益堂了解并且自己养殖珊瑚，可知喜欢上了珊瑚，成了一生的爱好。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他开始经常去当地的市场，向卖植物、鱼和珊瑚的商人学习珊瑚养殖。A. study学习；B. frequent常去，常出入于；C. examine检查；D. discover发现。根据后文“the local market to learn about coral farming”指常去当地的市场，了解珊瑚。故选B。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他还在网上搜索了相关论坛的信息，不久之后，他开始在家里的一个小鱼缸里种植珊瑚。A. treating对待；B. preserving保护；C. selecting选择；D. growing生长，种植。根据后文“a coral in a small fish tank at home”可知搭建鱼缸是为了种植珊瑚。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“珊瑚生物非常脆弱，对水质的要求非常高，”徐回忆说。A. tough艰难的；B. smooth顺利的；C. delicate脆弱的，柔和的；D. impressive印象深刻的。后文提到珊瑚对水质要求高，说明脆弱。故选C。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“珊瑚生物非常脆弱，对水质的要求非常高，”徐回忆说。A. benefits利益；B. requirements要求；C. expenses花费；D. responses回应。根据后文“for water quality”此处指珊瑚对水质的要求高。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：随着他对这种生物了解的加深，他了解到珊瑚礁被称为海洋的“热带雨林”和“水下花园”，为四分之一的海洋生物提供了避难所。A. reminded被提醒的；B. informed了解情况的；C. warned已警告的；D. convinced信服的。根据上文“He also searched for information on relevant forums online”此处指他对这种生物了解的加深，故选B。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着他对这种生物了解加深，他了解到珊瑚礁被称为海洋的“热带雨林”和“水下花园”，为四分之一的海洋生物提供了避难所。A. shelters收容所，避难所；B. partners伙伴；C. opportunities机会；D. services服务。根据上文“coral reefs are known as “tropical rainforests” and “underwater gardens” of the ocean”可知，珊瑚礁被称为海洋的“热带雨林”和“水下花园”是因为它为四分之一的海洋生物提供了避难所。故选A。
【29题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，不断上升的海洋温度导致了珊瑚的减少。A. Somehow不知怎么；B. Nevertheless然而；C. Therefore因此；D. Unfortunately不幸地。根据后文“rising sea temperatures”可知，海洋温度升高导致珊瑚减少，是不幸地。故选D。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，不断上升的海洋温度导致了珊瑚的减少。A. extinction灭绝；B. variation变化；C. decline降低；D. expansion扩大。根据后文“to protect them”珊瑚需要保护，是因为气候导致了它们减少。故选C。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：徐感到保护他们的紧迫感和责任感越来越强。A. responsibility责任；B. relief安慰；C. achievement成就；D. belonging所有物。根据上文“Xu felt an increasing sense of urgency and”指保护珊瑚的紧迫感和责任感。故选A。
【32题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：如今，他在三亚的热带生物研究中心担任珊瑚保护主义者。A. consults with协商；B. applies for申请；C. seeks out寻找；D. acts as扮演，担任。根据后文“a coral conservationist in a Sanya-based tropical biological research center”指他担任珊瑚保护主义者。故选D。
【33题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：每天，他花几个小时潜入深海观察和记录生物的生长发育。A. find out查明；B. note down记录下来；C. show off炫耀；D. speed up加速。根据后文“the growth and development of the creatures.”可知，潜入海里是为了记录这些生物的生长发育。故选B。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的故事被最近首播的网络节目《燃烧的青春》报道，该节目旨在用纪录片短片和深入的演播室采访来讲述来自各行各业的中国年轻人的励志故事。A. revised修改；B. contributed有助于；C. announced宣布；D. featured以……为特色，放映，上演。根据后文“in the recently premiered online program Burning Youth”指他的故事被最近首播的网络节目《燃烧的青春》报道，应用featured。故选D。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的故事被最近首播的网络节目《燃烧的青春》报道，该节目旨在用纪录片短片和深入的演播室采访来讲述来自各行各业的中国年轻人的励志故事。A. assess评估；B. follow跟随；C. relate联系，讲述；D. invent发明。根据后文“the inspiring stories of young Chinese people from various walks of life”可知，这个节目讲述了来自各行各业的中国年轻人的励志故事。故选C。
第二节 (共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词) 或括号内单词的正确形式。
Have you ever paid attention to your school’s security guards Would you say “good morning” to the cleaners For Ding Jiacheng, a boy from Hangzhou Entel Foreign Language School, ___36___ is a problem that many students ignore the important jobs done by these non-teaching staff. He wanted to make ___37___ change.
Ding worked on a project called “The Invisible Are Significant”, ___38___ (hope) more students would respect the “invisible” staff. The project won a prize at China Thinks Big, a competition ___39___ (hold) by Harvard and Tsinghua University to encourage teenagers to explore important ___40___ (globe) issues and focus on solutions.
To investigate students’ attitude ___41___ this group, he designed a questionnaire. “In one question, 56 percent of the students said they would greet those non-teaching workers, ___42___ only 17 percent strongly believe that every student should do so,” said Ding.
The main reason, according to Ding, is that students know little about the work done by them and have few ___43___ (chance) to communicate with them. Therefore, Ding’s team ___44___ (shoot) videos to show staff working on campus. They also held a basketball match between students and non-teaching staff to increase their interaction.
“Explore and understand society in practice, and influence the people around us. That’s ____45____ the meaning of the project lies,” said Ding.
【答案】36. it 37. a
38. hoping 39. held
40. global 41. to##toward##towards
42. while##but
43. chances
44. shot 45. where
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了杭州英特外国语学校的一位学生开展“隐形的是重要的”的项目，希望更多的学生尊重“隐形的”员工。
【36题详解】
考查形式主语。句意：对于来自杭州英特外国语学校的男孩丁嘉诚来说，许多学生忽视了这些非教学人员所做的重要工作，这是一个问题。it做主句形式主语，that主语从句是主句真正主语。故填it。
【37题详解】
考查冠词。句意：他想做出改变。change以辅音音素开头，泛指“改变”，用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。
【38题详解】
考查现在分词。句意：丁嘉诚从事了一个名为“隐形的是重要的”的项目，希望更多的学生尊重“隐形的”员工。本句已有谓语worked on且无连词，动词hope用非谓语形式，逻辑主语Ding与动词hope是主谓关系，hope用现在分词（doing）表主动，作伴随状语。故填hoping。
【39题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：该项目在哈佛大学和清华大学举办的“中国思考大”竞赛中获奖，该竞赛旨在鼓励青少年探索重要的全球问题并专注于解决方案。本句已有谓语won且无连词，动词hold用非谓语形式，逻辑主语a competition与动词hold是被动关系，hold用过去分词作后置定语。故填held。
【40题详解】
考查形容词。句意：该项目在哈佛大学和清华大学举办的“中国思考大”竞赛中获奖，该竞赛旨在鼓励青少年探索重要的全球问题并专注于解决方案。形容词global作定语，修饰名词issues。故填global。
【41题详解】
考查介词。句意：为了调查学生对这个群体的态度，他设计了一份问卷。attitude to/toward/towards (对……的态度)。故填to/toward/towards。
【42题详解】
考查连词。句意：“在一个问题中，56%的学生说他们会问候那些非教职员工，而或但是只有17%的学生坚信每个学生都应该这样做，”丁嘉诚说。用连词while (然而)表对比，或用连词but (但是)表转折。故填while/but。
【43题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：丁嘉诚说，主要原因是学生对他们所做的工作知之甚少，很少有机会与他们交流。由few修饰，用可数名词chance的复数形式。故填chances。
【44题详解】
考查时态。句意：因此，丁嘉诚的团队拍摄了员工在校园工作的视频。结合全文可知，时态以一般过去时为主，事情已发生，谓语动词shoot用一般过去时。故填shot。
【45题详解】
考查表语从句。句意：“在实践中探索和理解社会，影响我们周围的人。这就是项目的意义所在，”丁嘉诚说。该空后接表语从句，且连接词在从句中作地点状语，用连接副词where。故填where。
第三部分 写作（共两节, 满分40分）
第一节 应用文写作 (满分15分)
46. 假定你是国际部环保社社长李华，近期，你打算在校内开展一次 “减塑” 社团活动，请给国际部负责人Mr. Smith写一封申请信。内容包括：
1. 活动时间，地点;
2. 活动内容；
3. 希望获准。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2.请按如下格式作答。
参考词汇: 国际部环保社 the International Department's Environment Protection Club 减塑Less Plastics
Dear Mr. Smith，
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Mr. Smith,
I am Li Hua, leader of the International Department’s Environment Protection Club. Our association has decided to hold a “Less Plastics” activity, so I am writing to apply for your permission.
In order to raise the awareness of (提高 意识) protecting the environment among the teachers and students, the “Less Plastics” activity is scheduled to be held next Monday on the school playground from 8 a. m. to 11a. m. Initially, a speech about the great damages that using plastics has caused will be delivered, appealing to the students to reduce the consumption of plastic in our daily life. Following that, comes the meaningful activity where the students take immediate action to collect the plastic waste on the campus.
I’m sure the activity will have a positive effect on the students and teachers. I would appreciate it if our application could get your permission.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给国际部负责人Mr. Smith写一封信，申请在校内开展一次 “减塑” 社团活动。其内容包括：活动时间，地点、活动内容和希望获准。
【详解】1.词汇积累
决定：decide →determine
起初：initially →at the beginning
导致：cause→result in
有意义的：meaningful→significant
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句： I am Li Hua, leader of the International Department’s Environment Protection Club.
拓展句：I am Li Hua, who is the leader of the International Department’s Environment Protection Club.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Initially, a speech about the great damages that using plastics has caused will be delivered, appealing to the students to reduce the consumption of plastic in our daily life.（运用了that引导的定语从句和现在分词作状语）
【高分句型2】I’m sure the activity will have a positive effect on the students and teachers. （运用了省略that的宾语从句）
第二节（满分 25 分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It wasn’t fair.
Aminah always studied hard, so there was nothing unusual about her receiving top marks at the end of the year. But Farhan was often playing with the village boys when he should have been studying. To help motivate him this year, their father had promised to buy him a bicycle if his grades improved.
Aminah was sure that even this generous offer wouldn’t change her brother’s habits. But when Farhan started staying home and studying, everyone was surprised.
At the end of the school year, Aminah received top marks as she always did. And, as usual, her parents gave her 100 rupees (卢比) as a reward.
For the first time, Farhan got top marks too. True to his word, their father came home with a bicycle. It was well used, and much of the paint had been chipped (脱落) off. But to Farhan, it was the most beautiful bicycle in their country. Farhan’s friends cheered when they saw it. It was understood that something as precious as a bicycle would be shared with everyone.
Well, almost everyone.
After a few days of watching Farhan and the village boys learning to ride, Aminah and her friends grew bitter. They spent afternoons on the hill just north of the village, sitting in the shade of a mango tree and watching the lazy stream flow at the foot of the hill. They could hear the boys cheering and laughing on the other side of the hill.
“Why doesn’t he let us ride, Aminah ” asked Fatima. Aminah shrugged (耸肩), trying to act as if she didn’t care.
“He and the other boys just want the bicycle all for themselves!” replied Shehnaz. Sarah shook her head. “But Aminah is his sister! He should share with her.” An older sister commanded respect.
As they talked, the boys’ screams grew closer. Aminah looked up and saw her brother on his bicycle at the top of the hill. “Look! I can do it!” Farhan yelled at the top of his lungs. He had finally gotten the hang of it. The boys cheered as he began to speed up.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。
Suddenly, Farhan lost control of the bicycle, heading in the direction of the girls, toward the stream.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Farhan looked at Aminah, then at his bicycle, then back at his sister.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version:
Suddenly, Farhan lost control of the bicycle, heading in the direction of the girls, toward the stream. “Help! Help! I can’t control its speed,” Farhan cried at the top of his voice. So nervous and frightened was Farhan that he had no idea how to stop the bicycle. Seeing the bike running at breakneck speed toward them, all the girls but Aminah shouted with fright and then ran away to avoid being hit. However, it was at the very moment that Aminah stood in the middle of the road, trying to pull the bike to slow down with all her strength. Finally, the bike stopped with no one being hurt.
Farhan looked at Aminah, then at his bicycle, then back at his sister. He scratched his head, asking, “Aren’t you afraid of being hit ” “I could run away, but you’re my brother. I can’t leave you in danger,” Aminah replied in a determined voice. Hearing the words, he felt a sense of warmth welling up inside his body with tears of gratitude streaming down his cheeks. It hit him that he didn’t share his joy of getting the bike with his sister, let alone invite her to have a ride. Ashamed and guilty, he looked sincerely at his sister, “Would you like to have a try I can teach you how to ride.” “Sure!”, Aminah agreed with delight. All boys and girls present cheered and laughed. After that, Farhan shared everything he had with his sister.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了法尔汉因成绩的提升而获得父亲奖励的一辆自行车，在获得自行车后法尔汉和他的朋友一起分享这种喜悦，而他的姐姐阿米娜却没有机会骑一下。而有一次法尔汉突然骑车失控，就在要撞到溪流时，他姐姐挺身而出，帮他稳住了车。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“突然，法尔汉失去了对自行车的控制，朝着女孩们的方向，朝着小溪。”可知，第一段可描述车刹不住要冲向溪流的紧张而危险的场景，以及阿米娜出手相助。
②由第二段首句内容“法尔汉看了看阿米娜，又看了看他的自行车，然后又看了看他的姐姐。”可知，第二段可描述在姐姐帮他停住车后，法尔汉感激姐姐的挺身而出，并邀请姐姐骑车。
2.续写线索：冲向溪流——站出来——用力拦车——车停下——感谢——邀请——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①叫喊：cry/shout/yell
②询问：ask/inquire
③涌上来：well up/flood over
情绪类
①害怕的：firghtened/scared
②羞愧的：ashamed/shamefaced
【点睛】[高分句型1] So nervous and frightened was Farhan that he had no idea how to stop the bicycle.（由so...that...引导的结果状语从句的倒装结构）
[高分句型2] It hit him that he didn’t share his joy of getting the bike with his sister, let alone invite her to have a ride.（由that引导的主语从句）2024 届高三第一学期期末考试
英 语
卷面满分 120 分，考试用时 120 分钟。
第一部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分 50 分)
第一节 （共 15 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
For high school students, just thinking about your career probably isn’t enough. You have to actively do some research and plan. Here are some of the best careers for the future and how you can get your foot in the door.
Registered Nurses
To become registered nurses, you’re going to need either an associate degree in nursing, a Bachelor of Science in nursing, or another officially approved diploma(文凭) from a nursing program. If you want to be a practicing physician, you’ll need a medical degree in your chosen field on top of your four-year degree.
Data Analysts
Big data is a growing field with profitable opportunities for college graduates. You are required to have a master’s degree in computer science or another related field. Data science is a traditionally male-dominated industry and only 26 percent are held by women. Thankfully, it is holding out an olive branch to females and there are some terrific programs specially designed for them to break into this dynamic field.
Plumbers (管道工) and Electricians
Not all of the best careers for the future will require a four-year undergraduate degree. There’s a serious demand for skilled positions jobs like plumbers and technicians. Many of these positions require a high school degree and often an associate degree in a related field, but don’t necessarily require graduation from a four-year university.
Cybersecurity (网络安全) Experts
The average salaries for cybersecurity experts can start at $80, 000 for IT Security Consultants and can reach six figures for other positions such as a security director. The best way to start your path in cybersecurity is with a bachelor’s degree in computer science, information technology, engineering, or other related fields.
1. In which job will the gender distribution probably be more balanced
A. Data Analysts. B. Registered Nurses.
C. Cybersecurity Experts. D. Plumbers and Electricians.
2. To be a cybersecurity expert, which is the basic requirement
A. A master’s degree in computer science.
B. A certificate of high school graduation.
C. A bachelor’s degree in information technology.
D. A diploma officially approved from a medical program.
3. Where is the text probably taken from
A. A health lecture. B. A school website.
C. A job advertisement. D. A science magazine.
B
On the day he almost died, Kimbal Musk had food on the brain. The Internet startup talent and restaurateur had just arrived in Jackson Hole from a conference where chef Jamie Oliver had spoken about the benefits of healthy eating. This was something Musk thought about a lot- how he might make a difference to the food industry—but beyond expanding his farm-to-table movement along with his restaurant, Musk hadn’t yet broken the code. Then he went sailing down a snowy slope (坡) and fell over, breaking his neck. The left side of his body was paralyzed.
Musk eventually made a full recovery, but it involved spending two months on his back, which gave him plenty of time to come up with a plan. Since then, he has launched an initiative to put “learning gardens” in public schools across America; attracted Generation Z to the farming profession by changing shipping containers into high-tech, data-driven, year-round farms; and this year, is kicking off a new campaign to create one million at-home gardens.
Aimed at reaching low- income families, the Million Gardens Movement was inspired by the pandemic, as both a desire to feel more connected to nature and food insecurity have been at the forefront of so many people’s lives. “We were getting a lot of inquiries about gardening from people that had never gardened before,” says Musk. “People were looking to garden for a bunch of reasons: to supplement their budget, to improve the nutritional quality of their diets, or just to cure the boredom that came with the lockdown.”
The program offers free garden kits that can be grown indoors or outdoors, and will be distributed through schools that Musk's non-profit, Big Green, has already partnered with. It also offers free courses on how to get the garden growing and fresh seeds and materials for the changing growing seasons. “I grew up in the projects when I was young, in what we now call food deserts,” says EVE, one of the many celebrities who have teamed up with the organization to encourage people to pick up a free garden. “What I love about this is that it's not difficult. We are all able to grow something.”
4. What inspired Musk to be devoted to food industry
A. An accident. B. Jamie Oliver’s speech.
C. The pandemic. D. The farm-to-table movement.
5. What can we learn about the Million Gardens Movement
A. It has mainly attracted young generations. B. It has just accomplished its target.
C. It may be stimulated by a lack of food security. D. It increases economic burdens for the poor.
6. Which of the following best describes Musk
A. Charitable. B. Honest. C. Flexible. D. Strict.
7. Why is EVE taken as an example
A. To demonstrate the program to be non-profit. B. To share his experience in a food desert.
C. To encourage people to start a free garden. D. To clarify the reason why he loves a garden.
C
Today poetry and science are often considered to be mutually exclusive career paths. But that wasn’t always the case. The mathematician A da Lovelace and the physicist James Clerk Mahwah were both accomplished poets. The poet John Keats was a licensed surgeon. Combining the two practices fell out of favor in the 1800s. But translating research into lyrics, haiku, and other poetic forms is resurging (再现) among scientists as they look for alternative ways to inspire others with their findings.
“Poetry is a great tool for questioning the world,” says Sam Illingworth, a poet and a geoscientist who works at the University of Western Australia. Through workshops and a new science-poetry journal, called Consilience, Illingworth is helping scientists to translate their latest results into poems that can attract appreciation from those outside of their immediate scientific field.
Stephany Mazon, a scientist from the University of Helsinki in Finland, joined one of Illingworth’s workshops. In the workshop, she was grouped with other scientists and tasked with writing a haiku, a 17-syllable-long poem, which spotlighted water, a fluid that featured in all of the group members’ research projects. “It was a lot of fun, and surprisingly easy to write the poem,” Mazon says. She plans to continue writing. “We do a disservice(伤害) to ourselves to think that scientists can’t be artistic and that art can’t be use a to communicate scientific ideas,” Mazon says.
That viewpoint is echoed by Illingworth, who thinks science communication initiatives are too often dominated by public lectures with their hands-off PowerPoint slides. “Actually, when science communication involves writing and sharing poems, it invites a two-way dialogue between experts and nonexperts,” he says. Scientist-poet Manjula Silva, an educator at Imperial College London, agrees. Poetry provides a way to translate complex scientific concepts into a language that everyone can understand, Silva says.
Scientists and poets are both trying to understand the world and communicate that understanding with others. The distinction between scientists and poets is less than people might think. We’re all just people with hopefully really interesting things to say and to share.
8. What does the underlined word “exclusive” probably mean
A. Unable to contrast at the same time. B. Unable to detect each other.
C. Unable to distinct from each other. D. Unable to exist at the same time.
9. What are Illingworth’s workshops aimed to do
A. Promote a new science-poetry journal.
B. Inspire outsiders to pursue their careers in science.
C. Encourage science communication through poems.
D. Get scientists to exchange ideas about the latest research.
10. What does Illingworth think of the dominant ways of science communication
A. Conventional. B. Effective. C. Innovative. D. Complex.
11. Which of the following is the best title for the text
A. Poetry: A Great Tool to Question the World
B. Scientists Take on Poetry
C. Science Communication: A Two-way Dialogue
D. Scientists and Poets Think Alike
D
Have you ever lost something in a hard-to-reach space, like behind a couch or a cupboard Wouldn’t it be nice to just be able to squeeze in and out New innovations in the field of robotics will soon be able to make this nice idea into a reality.
In a study published on Jan. 25 in the science journal Matter engineers from The Chinese University of Hong Kong and Carnegie Mellon University in the US have developed small robots that can quickly change back and forth from liquid to solid states.
According to the website Mashable, the scientists were inspired by sea cucumbers (海参). They are able to change the stiffness of their body or reduce the potential for physical damage. The robots in the study were made from gallium, a soft metal with a low melting point of 30℃. The scientists then used changes in the magnetic field to handle the magnetic particles (粒子) inside the gallium material to provide heat. This heat then allowed the robots to change between solid and liquid states as well as to move around.
As the website Tech Xplore pointed out, other similar materials require external heat sources such as heat guns and electrical currents to bring a change of states; but now, the robots can use a heat source inside itself to change states independently.
During the robots’ experimental trials, the scientists conducted a number of tests. These tests included having the robots melt into liquid and re-form to escape a prison-like cage. It can remove a foreign object from and deliver medicinal drugs to a model stomach. The robot is also able to build and repair hard-to-reach circuits. The robots’ ability to switch between states of matter allows for a number of possible uses and advancements in different fields, such as the biomedical and circuit assembly industries.
Still, in the words of senior author Carmel Majidi at Carnegie Mellon University, for now these are all just “proofs of concept” which show the abilities of these new kinds of robots.
12. What can we learn about the small robots
A. They were produced by British scientists.
B. They came from inspiration of sea cucumbers.
C. They can help people squeeze in and out freely.
D. They were made from a newly invented material.
13. How did scientists change the state of the robots
A. By employing a heat source.
B. By using electrical currents.
C. By controlling the magnetic particles.
D. By building hard-to-reach circuits.
14. What can be inferred about the robots from Majidi’s words
A. Their abilities are overstated.
B. They have great market potential.
C. Proof is needed to understand the concept.
D. It will take time for them to be widely used.
15. What might be the best title of the passage
A. Ongoing Challenges the New Robots Face
B. Amazing Features the New Robots Possess
C. Potential Limitations the New Robots Have
D. New Melting Robots Switching between Different States
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The Lipstick Effect
In 2020, the world was plunged into an economic down turn as the COVID-19 pandemic caused widespread closures to businesses. ____16____ During such times of economic hardship, one may naturally expect that consumer markets will see a decline in expenditure, as people everywhere feel restricted to making only “essential” purchases. However, a curious phenomenon known as the “lipstick effect” can often be observed.
The lipstick effect refers to the phenomenon of consumers spending on small luxury goods even when an economic depression occurs. ____17____ However, many still find the cash for purchases of small luxury items, such as lipstick. This phenomenon was termed the “lipstick effect” in 2001 by Leonard Lauder, chairman of luxury cosmetic company Estée Lauder. He had not only witnessed the phenomenon at work but also realized that it was especially evident in the case of lipstick and other cosmetic products.
____18____ First and perhaps most obviously, consumers may simply wish to give themselves treats now and again to provide distractions from their financial insecurity. Another theory has to do with labour markets. Specifically, during the economic depression, job seeking tends to become more competitive. Thus, people seeking employment may perceive a need to spend money on certain products to improve their physical appearance. ____19____
Whatever the causes of the lipstick effect. this phenomenon is no short-lived trend. During the global depression of 2007-2009, sales of cosmetic in the United States increased by around 5%. Based on such data, it seems that even in the current insecure economic climate, the luxury cosmetics industry is one that will be sticking around.
While lipstick as an economic indicator makes sense, it can be difficult for the public to access sales data on lipstick and similar products at regular intervals, such as weekly or monthly. ____20____ However, it’s of no practical use to a regular mom-and-pop investor, unless they also can easily track lipstick sales.
A. What does lipstick tell us about the economy
B. They do not have enough to spend on big-ticket luxury items.
C. The lipstick effect is a behavior that reflects economic conditions and emotional states.
D. So, how exactly do consumers who are short of cash justify making such purchases
E. By using products such as lipstick they may feel more confident during job interviews.
F. As a result, the lipstick indicator helps the chair of Estée Lauder know how to plan his budget.
G. Under these circumstances, millions of people suddenly found themselves facing financial insecurity.
第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 30 分）
第一节 (共 15 小题; 每小题 1 分，满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处 的最佳选项。
In 2014, Xu Yitang, a student at the National Academy of Chinese Theatre Arts, saw corals at an aquarium for the first time.
Little did he know the chance ___21___ with the creature would spark a lifelong ___22___. He began to ___23___ the local market to learn about coral farming from merchants selling plants, fish and corals. He also searched for information on relevant forums online, and before long, started ___24___ a coral in a small fish tank at home.
“The coral organism is quite ___25___ and has extremely high ___26___ for water quality,” recalls Xu. “In the beginning, its state was not good.”
As he became better ___27___ of the creature, he learned that coral reefs are known as “tropical rainforests” and “underwater gardens” of the ocean, providing ___28___ for a quarter of all marine life. ___29___, rising sea temperatures have led to coral ___30___. Xu felt an increasing sense of urgency and ___31___ to protect them.
Fast-forward to today, he ___32___ a coral conservationist in a Sanya-based tropical biological research center.
Each day, he spends several hours diving deep under the waves to observe and ___33___ the growth and development of the creatures.
His story has been ___34___ in the recently premiered online program Burning Youth that aims to use documentary shorts and in-depth studio interviews to ___35___ the inspiring stories of young Chinese people from various walks of life.
21.
A. incident B. witness C. encounter D. appointment
22.
A. passion B. vision C. friendship D. career
23.
A. study B. frequent C. examine D. discover
24.
A. treating B. preserving C. selecting D. growing
25.
A. tough B. smooth C. delicate D. impressive
26.
A. benefits B. requirements C. expenses D. responses
27.
A. reminded B. informed C. warned D. convinced
28.
A. shelters B. partners C. opportunities D. services
29.
A. Somehow B. Nevertheless C. Therefore D. Unfortunately
30.
A. extinction B. variation C. decline D. expansion
31.
A. responsibility B. relief C. achievement D. belonging
32.
A. consults with B. applies for C. seeks out D. acts as
33.
A. find out B. note down C. show off D. speed up
34.
A. revised B. contributed C. announced D. featured
35.
A. assess B. follow C. relate D. invent
第二节 (共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当内容(1个单词) 或括号内单词的正确形式。
Have you ever paid attention to your school’s security guards Would you say “good morning” to the cleaners For Ding Jiacheng, a boy from Hangzhou Entel Foreign Language School, ___36___ is a problem that many students ignore the important jobs done by these non-teaching staff. He wanted to make ___37___ change.
Ding worked on a project called “The Invisible Are Significant”, ___38___ (hope) more students would respect the “invisible” staff. The project won a prize at China Thinks Big, a competition ___39___ (hold) by Harvard and Tsinghua University to encourage teenagers to explore important ___40___ (globe) issues and focus on solutions.
To investigate students’ attitude ___41___ this group, he designed a questionnaire. “In one question, 56 percent of the students said they would greet those non-teaching workers, ___42___ only 17 percent strongly believe that every student should do so,” said Ding.
The main reason, according to Ding, is that students know little about the work done by them and have few ___43___ (chance) to communicate with them. Therefore, Ding’s team ___44___ (shoot) videos to show staff working on campus. They also held a basketball match between students and non-teaching staff to increase their interaction.
“Explore and understand society in practice, and influence the people around us. That’s ____45____ the meaning of the project lies,” said Ding.
第三部分 写作（共两节, 满分40分）
第一节 应用文写作 (满分15分)
46. 假定你是国际部环保社社长李华，近期，你打算在校内开展一次 “减塑” 社团活动，请给国际部负责人Mr. Smith写一封申请信。内容包括：
1. 活动时间，地点;
2. 活动内容；
3. 希望获准。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2.请按如下格式作答。
参考词汇: 国际部环保社 the International Department's Environment Protection Club 减塑Less Plastics
Dear Mr. Smith，
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节（满分 25 分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It wasn’t fair.
Aminah always studied hard so there was nothing unusual about her receiving top marks at the end of the year. But Farhan was often playing with the village boys when he should have been studying. To help motivate him this year, their father had promised to buy him a bicycle if his grades improved.
Aminah was sure that even this generous offer wouldn’t change her brother’s habits. But when Farhan started staying home and studying, everyone was surprised.
At the end of the school year, Aminah received top marks as she always did. And, as usual, her parents gave her 100 rupees (卢比) as a reward.
For the first time, Farhan got top marks too. True to his word, their father came home with a bicycle. It was well used, and much of the paint had been chipped (脱落) off. But to Farhan, it was the most beautiful bicycle in their country. Farhan’s friends cheered when they saw it. It was understood that something as precious as a bicycle would be shared with everyone.
Well, almost everyone.
After a few days of watching Farhan and the village boys learning to ride, Aminah and her friends grew bitter. They spent afternoons on the hill just north of the village, sitting in the shade of a mango tree and watching the lazy stream flow at the foot of the hill. They could hear the boys cheering and laughing on the other side of the hill.
“Why doesn’t he let us ride, Aminah ” asked Fatima. Aminah shrugged (耸肩), trying to act as if she didn’t care.
“He and the other boys just want the bicycle all for themselves!” replied Shehnaz. Sarah shook her head. “But Aminah is his sister! He should share with her.” An older sister commanded respect.
As they talked, the boys’ screams grew closer. Aminah looked up and saw her brother on his bicycle at the top of the hill. “Look! I can do it!” Farhan yelled at the top of his lungs. He had finally gotten the hang of it. The boys cheered as he began to speed up.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。
Suddenly, Farhan lost control of the bicycle, heading in the direction of the girls, toward the stream.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Farhan looked at Aminah, then at his bicycle, then back at his sister.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
