2023-2024学年上海市高一上学期期末考试英语试题（原卷版+ 解析版）

上海中学2023学年第一学期期末考试
英语试题
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and a question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A.15 minutes. B.5 minutes. C.10 minutes. D.25 minutes.
2. A. A mechanic. B. A house agent. C. A medical worker. D. A salesperson.
3. A. Amused. B. Disappointed. C. Fascinated. D. Sympathetic.
4. A. She dislikes going to school. B. She spends little time with her friends.
C. She has adapted easily to her new school. D. She spends most of her free time at school.
5. A. She’s watching the cars go by. B. She prefers to keep herself busy.
C. The man works harder than she does. D. The man should feel well soon enough.
6 A. The new shoes are worth a try.
B. He thinks shopping is a waste of money.
C. The shoes are not suitable for his daughter.
D. He doesn’t want to give any comments on the shoes.
7. A. She didn’t quite enjoy the game.
B. She didn’t sit in a comfortable way.
C. She regretted spending time watching the game.
D She felt quite excited and nervous while watching.
8. A. The woman should go somewhere else to train.
B The woman should train with heavier weights.
C. The woman should practice different kinds of weights.
D. The woman should gain her weight with heavier weights.
9. A. Parents tend not to be easy to please.
B. Travelling in Mexico is a bit stressful.
C. His parents may enjoy the beach vacation.
D. Spending two weeks in Thailand can be challenging.
10. A. The plot was too simplified. B. It was a well-made show overall.
C. It put too much emphasis on special effects. D. The story should have been unfolded slowly.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. By offering thanks orally to the loved ones.
B. By showing gratefulness on a regular basis.
C. By developing good sleeping and eating habits.
D. By taking exercise with close friends regularly.
12 A. Noticing the positive helps cure eating disorders.
B. Practicing gratitude can lengthen your sleep cycle.
C. Showing thankfulness contributes to your career promotion.
D. Admiring others’ value can improve relationship in workplaces.
13. A. It is a blessing that we are valued.
B. Extending gratitude has multiple benefits.
C. We should stop counting sheep or calories.
D. People can learn to be appreciative by heart.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. It may reduce the burden on the environment.
B. They want to make these clothes worth every penny.
C. It is one of the latest services provided by some sellers.
D. They may want to show off new clothes on social media.
15. A. They might end up as garbage. B. They will be donated to charity.
C. They are reduced to packaging waste. D. They will be shipped abroad for resale.
16. A. Consumers will think it over before placing orders.
B. Retailers will focus on offering more stylish clothes.
C. People may be encouraged to buy more clothes online
D. VR may be employed to facilitate online payment.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. Most programs feature media and journalism.
B Students can have practical experience.
C. Students can enroll in these program s easily.
D. These programs are recommended by employers.
18. A. Crazy. B. Desirable. C. Acceptable. D. Changeable.
19. A. She will meet with famous journalists.
B She can live a diverse and colorful life.
C. She will learn to cook different types of food.
D. She can get along well with international students.
20. A. The woman’s plan to study abroad.
B. The part-time job in the media company.
C. The steps in applying for a graduate program.
D. The man’s experience as an international student.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.
1. The beach near the sea is a place ________ I have been familiar since childhood.
A. in which B. on which C. with which D. to which
2. ________ embraces and respects the local customs will find it easier to fit in better with the local culture.
A. Who B. Whom C. Anyone D. Whoever
3. It remains uncertain at this point ________ the idea you proposed will be accepted.
A. whether B. whether that C. that whether D. that
4. The first time ________ she led small groups of people on guided hunts, she taught them how to kill the insect, ________ has spread to much of Florida.
A. when; that B. /;who C. when; which D. /; which
5. When we arrived in ________ used to be a traditional British pub, all we could see were the time-worn walls which provided an atmospheric setting.
A. where B. that C. what D. which
6. ________ on the waiting list ________ will be selected for the leadership position in the non-profit organization
A. Who; do you think B. Whom; do you think
C. Who; you think D. Whom; you think
7. In high school, students will experience various emotions, challenges, and friendships, ________ shape their memorable journey.
A. all of that B. all of what C. all of which D. all
8. It was unbelievable ________ he designed went beyond the expectations of everyone in the room.
A. that B. that what C. what D. what that
9. It was in 2014 ________ a team at the University of Kent showed ________ Christmas turkeys kept more of their original dinosaur DNA than any other birds, but the reasons remain unclear.
A. when; that B. that; that C. when; why D. that; why
10. Language learners are encouraged to do ________ they are instructed to do, ________ will enhance their understanding of the language.
A. what; that B. all what; which C. all that; that D. what; which
11. Despite some opposing opinions, the committee insists that the volunteers ________an excellent job in community service and that the prize ________to these warm-hearted men and women.
A. should do; be awarded B. have done; will be awarded
C. should do; will be awarded D. have done; be awarded
12. I will briefly explain to you the way ________ we use to simplify the communication process within the team.
A. that B. in which C. through which D. by which
13. In many countries, primary education is free and ________ for children of 6 to 12 years, and it is illegal for parents to prevent their children from attending school.
A. compulsory B. complicated C. conservative D. convenient
14. Sarah worked hard to ________ her colleagues of the benefits of adopting sustainable practices in the workplace.
A. confirm B. control C. convince D. reward
15. He was entirely devoted to the affairs of his troop, and was ________ and kind to his men and officers.
A. dominant B. deliberate C. enterprising D. considerate
16. When I returned home, I tried to ________the wonder of this machine to my partner.
A. delay B. deliver C. convey D. declare
17. The language teacher will also have his or her own assessments to make sure each student is meeting ________in class.
A. expectations B. disciplines C. conflicts D. coincidences
18. As India gained freedom and matured into herself, the British Empire began to ________, which signaled the end of colonial rule and the emergence of a new era in the country’s history.
A. break in B. fall apart C. hold out D. take over
19. The young boy was ________ his favorite toy as his parents hurriedly left the store.
A. concerned with B. engaged in C. committed to D. torn away from
20. The company wants to ________ a strong presence in the world market by working with partners and creating new and innovative products.
A. establish B. exploit C. expose D. exhaust
21. A promotion served as a significant ________for his outstanding performance and positive impact on the team.
A. award B. determination C. reward D. demand
Section B
Directions: Fill in the blank with a proper word chosen from the box: Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. dramatic B. concerns C. frequently D. threats E. revealed F. emerge G. previously H. keep I. deepened J. native K. exist
The reason for the mysterious deaths of hundreds of elephants
When hundreds of African savanna elephants dropped dead in Botswana’s Okavango Delta in 2020, conservationists were alarmed. As the death toll rose — from dozens in March to more than 350 animals by July — their ____22____ increased, especially because nobody knew what was happening. A short time later, the mystery ____23____ when 34 more individuals of the endangered species died across the border in northwestern Zimbabwe in a three-week period, with one more found in November. “It was very quick,” says Chris Foggin, a vet who examined the elephant carcasses (尸体) in Zimbabwe. “That was so ____24____.”
African savanna elephants ____25____ to this area represent the majority of what’s left of that species. Around 350000 African savanna elephants remain, and given the already significant ____26____ to their survival, a new disease could be what tips that last domino towards extinction.
Now, new research published recently in Nature Communications points to a bacterium not ____27____ found in elephants of any species, called Bisgaard taxon 45, that causes a massive systemic blood infection called septicemia. “It’s a disease we know can kill a reasonable number of elephants in a short space of time,” says Foggin, co-leader of the study. And “it has the potential to kill a lot more given the right circumstances.” What those are, however, remains unknown — yet it’s pressing to find out. Aerial population surveys in KAZA in 2022 found a high number of new elephant carcasses. The examination ____28____ the elephants had enlarged livers and spleens, as well as internal bleeding in multiple organs — signs of septicemia (败血症).
However, scientists still don’t know how widespread Bisgaard taxon 45 is, or if the bacteria ____29____ as a normal group of bacteria within elephants and other animals. “We’re assuming it’s probably present more ____30____ than we’ve known, without causing disease, but we don’t have proof of that,” Foggin says. It’s possible environmental stressors, such as heat and lack of food and water, may have led Bisgaard taxon 45 to multiply and cause the septicemia in the Zimbabwe elephants. With much of Africa predicted to get hotter and drier, the bacterium “could cause much worse mortalities down the line,” says Foggin. That’s why, he says, “it is important to _____31_____ monitoring elephant deaths and see if it’s responsible.”
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
The Pop-up Igloo
Polar bears are warm-blooded animals with heavy fat and fur that can survive in freezing Arctic temperatures. They have two types of fur—the long oily hairs and short thick hairs. By ____32____ the characteristics of these two hairs and their black skin underneath, the polar bears can keep themselves warm. ____33____ by polar bears, a team of students from the Royal Danish Academy designed a pop-up igloo(弹出式冰屋)—an emergency tent that might make survival in sub-zero areas much more manageable.
Led by Henry Glogau, the team said that their design aims to ____34____ those lost or stranded in extreme conditions. With little visibility and no phone coverage, people may face severe ____35____ while waiting for rescue in cold polar areas. Rather than fight against the extreme conditions, the team looked to use them to its ____36____. “Inspired by snow caves and the conventional winter-used tents, we treat snow as a(n) ____37____ material rather than a burden,” the team told Vigour Times website.
The pop-up igloo adopts a mylar(聚酯薄膜) material, which works ____38____ to polar bears’ skin. Besides their thick fat and fur, polar bears have black skin underneath, which is ideal for absorbing rays from the Arctic sun to keep themselves warm. The mylar material gives ____39____ to its inhabitants in the same way by reflecting sunlight into the space inside the tent. The pop-up igloo also features an origami-like(像折纸的) design, which helps to ____40____ the snow and secure the tent. The origami pockets create areas where snow can _____41_____ on the outside. It prevents heat from escaping from the tent, while holding the tent to the ground. Researchers ensured that the tent could withstand the weight of a 70kg human standing on top to remain _____42_____ in extreme conditions. This adds another_____43_____ layer to everything inside.
The team put the tent through _____44_____ testing for one month in Alaska to see its capability. The results showed that at 11.8 to 15 inches of snow cover, a 37℃_____45_____ in temperature between inside and outside could be maintained on average. In the future, the pop-up igloos could be _____46_____ along hiking routes in cold areas like the Arctic, where they could be set up in seconds when needed.
32. A. gathering B. combining C. comparing D. distinguishing
33. A. Fascinated B. Encouraged C. Threatened D. Inspired
34. A. guide B. comfort C. shelter D. delight
35. A. danger B. boredom C. confusion D. damage
36. A. advantage B. challenge C. defence D. convenience
37. A. original B. novel C. creative D. building
38. A. efficiently B. closely C. similarly D. cleverly
39. A. rays B. light C. heat D. glow
40. A. estimate B. trap C. exclude D. dissolve
41. A. pile up B. melt down C. break down D. last out
42. A. concrete B. everlasting C. stable D. elegant
43. A. heavy B. protective C. external D. flexible
44. A. repetitive B. eventual C. general D. domestic
45. A. fall B. increase C. decline D. difference
46. A. exposed B. restored C. recycled D. placed
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fit s best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
（A）
“It’s a windy day in Laguna San Ignacio, and the waves seem to come from all directions,” said Sara Clemence in Bloomberg Businessweek. My children and I are riding on an 18-foot boat—small enough that we can reach down into the water if a gray whale swims up alongside. And then we see what we’ve come for: a heart-shaped shower of water and a dark mass rushing below it. As instructed, we splash(溅泼) the water strongly to signal the huge whale, which turns out to be a mother with her weeks-old baby. The baby soon swims beneath our boat, emerges to blow mist in my face, then “lies onto its side like a 2-ton puppy.” Leaning down, I touched its skin gently. “It feels electric. Also, a bit like petting a hard-boiled egg.”
San Ignacio is one of very few places where a person can pet a whale. The whales come each year to the coast of Baja California to give birth and to mate. If you’re lucky you can “shake hands with a leathery fin(鳍)” or even “plant a kiss on a cold, salty cheek.” I usually worry about such interactions, because wild creatures can become deeply stressed by human contact. But boat numbers are strictly limited in these protected waters. And any whale that approaches a boat does so on its own terms. Like that baby whale: “We see him a few times, and he seems to like being petted and splashed.”
So we are two species, connecting through touch, but also through eye contact: “More than once, after nosing around our boat, a young gray whale turns on its side so one dark, baseball-size eye is looking up at us.” Whalers used to call gray whales “devil fish” because these magnificent creatures turn violent when threatened—“or, say, when their babies are harmed.” That makes it feel even more of a blessing when, on our third day there, a large mama whale approaches the boat. “I’m splashing when I feel her nose press up into my hand.” Though she’s “wiser and apparently more alert” than her child, “she still decides to trust us.”
47. According to the passage, people can NOT interact with a whale by ________.
A. splashing water to it B. gently touching its skin
C. swimming alongside it D. looking at it in the eye
48. The underlined phrase in paragraph 2 means that the whale ________.
A. is mad with too many visitors
B. is willing to be petted by people on the boat
C. can interact with people based on its likes
D. can decide its preferred swimming route
49. Why does the author consider it “a blessing” when a large mama whale approaches the boat
A. Because she is smarter than her child and better at interacting with people.
B. Because she believes in people and will not turn violent if her baby is harmed.
C. Because a whale as large as this one is rare to see.
D. Because she trusts people despite her concerns about her child’s safety.
50. What is the best title for this passage
A. Preserving the Devil Fish in Laguna San Ignacio
B. A Beautiful Encounter with Gray Whales
C. A Risky but Exciting Whale-Watching Journey
D. Appropriate Ways to Interact with Gray Whales
（B）
Communicate Fluently Effectively in English
“The Cities are My Classrooms!” Why spend your time in a classroom when you can invest your time studying during breakfast or dinner And why stay inside in the afternoon when you can study by the beach or in a bar That’s right. That’s the way we teach. ‘Active Learning’ is the best way to learn, practice, and perfect your English. “Walk and Talk English Eat and Drink English!”
Are you considering new challenges Would you like to take your English to the next level with our in-house methods that are highly effective, yet relaxing and fun How about spending your hard-earned vacation time studying English during a delicious breakfast, or during lunch in a historical pub, or at night from a sky room as you enjoy views of London or Dublin You could be sitting comfortably inside or in front of a palace or castle, drinking coffee or tea while you study. Why not
What is your greatest challenge with the English language Get in touch with us and help us to understand your difficulty as well as your goals in life. It is essential that the solution we offer also fits in well with your personality, mindset, objectives with English, your available time to travel, and your family commitments. Lastly, your holiday in Europe, as well as your experiences with the English language and your travels to different cities, should have that ‘Wow!’ factor that helps you to remember your holiday forever. A language immersion (沉浸) programme is the experience of diving into a different culture. It is not the ‘false-reality’ of the internet or technology. To experience historical cities, villages, castles, pubs, businesses etc., is to understand a country’s culture and its DNA.
51. Who might be the target audience for this advertisement
A. people who who’d like to learn English while travelling.
B. Inland travelers who want to talk with the locals in England pubs.
C. England students who want to improve their English to be admitted to Oxford.
D. people who want to improve their English through virtual tourism.
52. Which learning experience is NOT provided by English 4 Professionals
A. An individualized learning experience which suits the learner’s schedule.
B. An immersed learning experience where the learner studies in famous universities.
C. A cultural learning experience where the learner experiences European cultures.
D. A relaxing learning experience where the learner can have fun while learning.
53. If you sign up for the program, you are most likely to be studying ________.
A. on the MIT campus lawn B. in Windsor Castle in England
C. on La Concha Beach in Spain D. in an English pub near your house
（C）
In spite of “endless talk of difference”, American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. This includes the uniformity in clothing and communication, as well as the casualness and lack of respect seen in popular culture. People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption” launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered a wide range of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of fancy shops catering to the upper-class, these were stores “anyone could enter, regardless of class or background.” This turned shopping into a public and democratic (民主的) act. The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization.
Immigrants are quickly adapting to this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today’s immigration is neither at remarkable levels nor resistant to assimilation (融合). In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of population; in 1900, 13.6 percent. In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000. Now, consider three indicators of assimilation — language, home ownership and intermarriage.
The 1990 Census revealed that “a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English ‘well’ or ‘very well’ after ten years of residence.” The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual (双语的) and good at English. “By the third generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families.” Hence, America is described as a “graveyard” for languages. By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrived before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans. Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics “have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S.-born whites and blacks.” By the third generation, one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics, and 41 percent of Asian-American women are married to non-Asians.
Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet “some Americans fear that immigrants living within the United States are not influenced by the nation’s assimilative power.”
Are there divisive issues and anger in America Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly when viewed against America’s troubled past, today’s social Indicators hardly suggest a dark and worsening social environment.
54. The underlined phrase in paragraph 1 probably means ________.
A. making people adapt to American consumption culture
B. encouraging people to embrace a democratic lifestyle
C. encouraging people to stick to their own ideas and principles
D. making people behave more similarly in many aspects
55. According to the passage, what can be inferred about the immigrants now in the U.S.
A. Their adaptation to the common culture is quick but harmful to the society.
B. The scale of immigration is not big and the immigrants welcome American culture.
C. Their children are good at both English and their original language.
D. Hispanic and Asian-American women both prefer to marry native-born Americans.
56. The author mentions Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks in paragraph 4 to ________.
A. provide examples of successful immigrants
B. suggest the weakness of America’s assimilative power
C. show the powerful influence of American culture
D. prove their popularity at home and abroad
57. What is the author’s general attitude towards the cultural assimilation in American society
A. Optimistic. B. Concerned. C. Neutral. D. Negative.
Section C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Do Lobsters Feel Pain
The traditional method for cooking a lobster — boiling it alive — raises the question of whether or not lobsters feel pain. ____58____. Lobsters decay very quickly after they die, and eating a dead lobster increases the risk of food-borne illness and reduces the quality of its flavor. However, if lobsters are capable of feeling pain, these cooking methods raise ethical questions for chefs and lobster eaters alike.
Until the 1980s, scientists were trained to ignore animal pain, based on the belief that the ability to feel pain was associated only with higher consciousness. However, today, scientists view humans as a species of animal. Still, scientists disagree over whether or not lobsters feel pain. Lobsters have a peripheral system (外围系统) like humans, but instead of a single brain, they possess segmented ganglia (分段神经节). Because of these differences, some researchers argue lobsters are too dissimilar to vertebrates (脊椎动物) to feel pain and that their reaction to negative stimuli is simply a reflex. ____59____. Lobsters guard their injuries, learn to avoid dangerous situations, and respond to anesthetics (麻醉剂). For these reasons, most scientists believe that injuring a lobster (e. g. storing it on ice or boiling it alive) causes physical pain.
____60____. Currently, boiling lobsters alive is banned in Switzerland, New Zealand, and the Italian city Reggio Emilia. Even in locations where boiling lobsters remains legal, many restaurants choose more human e methods, both to calm customer concerns and because the chefs believe stress negatively affects the flavor of the meat.
While we cannot know definitively whether or not lobsters feel pain, research indicates that it’s likely. So, if you want to enjoy a lobster dinner, how should you go about it The most human e tool for cooking a lobster is the CrustaStun. This device kills a lobster by an electric shock, making it unconscious in less than half a second, after which it can be cut apart or boiled. In contrast, it takes about 2 minutes for a lobster to die from immersion in boiling water. ____61____. Some restaurants place a lobster in a plastic bag and place it in the freezer for a couple of hours, during which time the lobster loses consciousness and dies.
A. Nonetheless, lobsters do satisfy all of the criteria for a pain response
B. This cooking technique is used in many restaurants to improve humans’ dining experience
C. Due to growing evidence that the lobsters may feel pain, it is now becoming illegal to boil lobsters alive or keep them on ice
D This method is probably the most humane option for killing a lobster before cooking and eating it
E. Evidence shows that many species like lobsters are capable of learning and possess some level of self-awareness
F. Unfortunately, this technique is too expensive for most restaurants to afford
IV. Productive Grammar
Directions: After reading the sentences below, fill in the blanks to make the sentence coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word.
62. News came as soon as she arrived home ________ her son died in the war.（用适当的词填空）
63. ________ you decide upon will not influence me, for I am not involved in your project. （用适当的词填空）
64. Is this classroom ________ you have your chemistry lessons the one you like the most （用适当的词填空）
65. I doubt ________ the scientific breakthrough will have a profound impact on the field of medicine. （用适当的词填空）
66. The police offer a reward to ________ finds the missing luggage of this old lady.（用适当的词填空）
67. ________ do you think would be the best place to celebrate our anniversary, a restaurant or a bar （用适当的词填空）
68. The moment ________ the first rays of sunlight painted the sky signaled the beginning of a new day. (用适当的词填空)
69. What I want to know is ________ you plan to dress in to attend the Christmas party. （用适当的词填空）
70. HR demanded that all employees ________ (familiarize) with the new software after the training session was completed. (所给词的适当形式填空)
71. ________ the two trains crashed into each other still remains unknown, but the police say that it could be due to the heavy snow. （用适当的词填空）
V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
72. 这个从不自省的男人不可能在事业上获得成功。（reward v.）（汉译英）
73. 当队长意识到一些团队成员总是试图挑这份提案的毛病时，他感到十分沮丧。（aware）（汉译英）
74. 虽然这位环保主义者承受着巨大的压力，但他最终兑现了保护野生动物自然栖息地的承诺。（deliver）（汉译英）上海中学2023学年第一学期期末考试
英语试题
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and a question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A.15 minutes. B.5 minutes. C.10 minutes. D.25 minutes.
2. A. A mechanic. B. A house agent. C. A medical worker. D. A salesperson.
3. A. Amused. B. Disappointed. C. Fascinated. D. Sympathetic.
4. A. She dislikes going to school. B. She spends little time with her friends.
C. She has adapted easily to her new school. D. She spends most of her free time at school.
5. A. She’s watching the cars go by. B. She prefers to keep herself busy.
C. The man works harder than she does. D. The man should feel well soon enough.
6. A. The new shoes are worth a try.
B. He thinks shopping is a waste of money.
C. The shoes are not suitable for his daughter.
D. He doesn’t want to give any comments on the shoes.
7. A. She didn’t quite enjoy the game.
B. She didn’t sit in a comfortable way.
C. She regretted spending time watching the game.
D She felt quite excited and nervous while watching.
8. A. The woman should go somewhere else to train.
B The woman should train with heavier weights.
C. The woman should practice different kinds of weights.
D. The woman should gain her weight with heavier weights.
9. A. Parents tend not to be easy to please.
B. Travelling in Mexico is a bit stressful.
C. His parents may enjoy the beach vacation.
D. Spending two weeks in Thailand can be challenging.
10. A. The plot was too simplified. B. It was a well-made show overall.
C. It put too much emphasis on special effects. D. The story should have been unfolded slowly.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. By offering thanks orally to the loved ones.
B. By showing gratefulness on a regular basis.
C. By developing good sleeping and eating habits.
D. By taking exercise with close friends regularly.
12. A. Noticing the positive helps cure eating disorders.
B. Practicing gratitude can lengthen your sleep cycle.
C. Showing thankfulness contributes to your career promotion.
D. Admiring others’ value can improve relationship in workplaces.
13. A. It is a blessing that we are valued.
B. Extending gratitude has multiple benefits.
C. We should stop counting sheep or calories.
D. People can learn to be appreciative by heart.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. It may reduce the burden on the environment.
B. They want to make these clothes worth every penny.
C. It is one of the latest services provided by some sellers.
D. They may want to show off new clothes on social media.
15. A. They might end up as garbage. B. They will be donated to charity.
C. They are reduced to packaging waste. D. They will be shipped abroad for resale.
16. A. Consumers will think it over before placing orders.
B. Retailers will focus on offering more stylish clothes.
C. People may be encouraged to buy more clothes online
D. VR may be employed to facilitate online payment.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. Most programs feature media and journalism.
B Students can have practical experience.
C. Students can enroll in these program s easily.
D. These programs are recommended by employers.
18. A. Crazy. B. Desirable. C. Acceptable. D. Changeable.
19. A. She will meet with famous journalists.
B She can live a diverse and colorful life.
C. She will learn to cook different types of food.
D. She can get along well with international students.
20. A. The woman’s plan to study abroad.
B. The part-time job in the media company.
C. The steps in applying for a graduate program.
D. The man’s experience as an international student.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.
1. The beach near the sea is a place ________ I have been familiar since childhood.
A. in which B. on which C. with which D. to which
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：海边的海滩是我从小就熟悉的地方。分析句子结构并结合选项，这里是“介词+which”引导的限制性定语从句，which指代先行词a place。be familiar with意为“对……熟悉”，为固定搭配，所以介词应用with。故选C。
2. ________ embraces and respects the local customs will find it easier to fit in better with the local culture.
A. Who B. Whom C. Anyone D. Whoever
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：任何乐意接纳和尊重当地习俗的人都会发现自己更容易融入当地文化。此处引导主语从句，连接词在从句中作主语，表示“无论谁；任何人”，应用whoever引导。故选D。
3. It remains uncertain at this point ________ the idea you proposed will be accepted.
A. whether B. whether that C. that whether D. that
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查主语从句连接词。句意：目前还不确定你提出的想法是否会被接受。It为形式主语，真正的主语是设空处以及其后面的从句。根据句意和remains uncertain可知，空处应用表示“是否”的连接词whether引导主语从句。故选A项。
4. The first time ________ she led small groups of people on guided hunts, she taught them how to kill the insect, ________ has spread to much of Florida.
A. when; that B. /;who C. when; which D. /; which
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查时间状语从句和定语从句。句意：她第一次带领一小群人进行有向导的狩猎时，她教他们如何杀死这种昆虫，这种昆虫已经蔓延到佛罗里达州的大部分地区。分析可知，第一个逗号前部分为the first time“第一次”引导的时间状语从句，第一空不再需要连词；第二空引导非限制性定语从句，代替先行词the insect在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which。故选D。
5. When we arrived in ________ used to be a traditional British pub, all we could see were the time-worn walls which provided an atmospheric setting.
A. where B. that C. what D. which
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：当我们来到这个曾经是传统英国酒吧的地方时，我们所能看到的只是那些年代久远的墙壁，营造出一种氛围。空格处引导宾语从句，从句缺少主语，且意义为“……的事物”，应用what。故选C。
6. ________ on the waiting list ________ will be selected for the leadership position in the non-profit organization
A. Who; do you think B. Whom; do you think
C. Who; you think D. Whom; you think
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查特殊疑问句。句意：你认为候补名单上的谁将被选为承担非营利组织的领导职位？“who do you think”是一个特殊疑问句的结构，用来询问对方的观点或意见，它通常用于询问对某个事物或情况有何看法或评价，do you think是插入语，分析句子成分的时候可以忽略do you think，who是________ will be selected for the leadership position in the non-profit organization的主语。故选A项。
7. In high school, students will experience various emotions, challenges, and friendships, ________ shape their memorable journey.
A. all of that B. all of what C. all of which D. all
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在高中，学生们将经历各种情绪、挑战和友谊，所有这些都塑造了他们难忘的旅程。分析句子结构，“________ shape their memorable journey”是一个非限制性定语从句，关系词指代先行词“various emotions, challenges, and friendships”，再结合选项可知，这里表示“所有这些”，应用all of which引导该非限制性定语从句。故选C。
8. It was unbelievable ________ he designed went beyond the expectations of everyone in the room.
A. that B. that what C. what D. what that
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：令人难以置信是，他所设计的东西超出了房间里每个人的预期。根据“It was unbelievable”可知，此处需用固定句型It was unbelievable that…，表示“令人难以置信的是……”，其中It为形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的名词性从句；该从句中went beyond前缺少主语，需有连接词引导名词性从句作主语，这一主语从句中designed后缺少宾语，结合句意可知，该宾语指物，应用连接代词what作引导词。故选B。
9. It was in 2014 ________ a team at the University of Kent showed ________ Christmas turkeys kept more of their original dinosaur DNA than any other birds, but the reasons remain unclear.
A. when; that B. that; that C. when; why D. that; why
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查强调句和宾语从句。句意：正是在2014年，肯特大学的一个研究小组发现，圣诞火鸡比其他鸟类保留了更多的原始恐龙DNA，但原因尚不清楚。去掉it was和第一空句子依然完整，由此可知此处考查强调句型：it is/was+强调部分+that（强调人可用who）+其他，句中强调时间应用that；第二空引导宾语从句，从句成份和意义都完整，应用连接词that作引导词。故选B。
10. Language learners are encouraged to do ________ they are instructed to do, ________ will enhance their understanding of the language.
A. what; that B. all what; which C. all that; that D. what; which
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查宾语从句和定语从句。句意：语言学习者被鼓励按照指示去做，这将增强他们对语言的理解。分析句子结构，第一个空引导宾语从句，且连接词在从句中作do的宾语，指“做的事情”，应用连接代词what引导；第二个空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的主句，且关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故选D。
11. Despite some opposing opinions, the committee insists that the volunteers ________an excellent job in community service and that the prize ________to these warm-hearted men and women.
A. should do; be awarded B. have done; will be awarded
C. should do; will be awarded D. have done; be awarded
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态、虚拟语气及语态。句意：尽管有一些反对意见，委员会声称志愿者在社区服务方面做得很好，认为应该把奖颁给这些热心的男男女女。当insist“坚持说/声称”用来描述坚持自己的观点或意见时，并不需要虚拟语气，第一空表示志愿者已经做了很好的工作，应用现在完成时；当insist用于表达坚持要求某事时，通常需要用虚拟语气，这是因为这种用法暗示了某个要求可能会被拒绝或有其他不确定的后果，在这种语境下，应该使用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略，从句谓语动词award与从句主语the prize是逻辑动宾关系，应用被动语态，即(should) be awarded。故选D。
12. I will briefly explain to you the way ________ we use to simplify the communication process within the team.
A. that B. in which C. through which D. by which
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我将简要地向你们解释我们用来简化团队内部沟通过程的方法。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是the way，指物，关系词替代先行词在从句中作use的宾语，应用关系代词that/which引导，或省略关系代词。故选A。
13. In many countries, primary education is free and ________ for children of 6 to 12 years, and it is illegal for parents to prevent their children from attending school.
A. compulsory B. complicated C. conservative D. convenient
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在许多国家，小学教育对6至12岁的儿童是免费和强制的，父母阻止孩子上学是违法的。A. compulsory强制的，义务的；B. complicated复杂的；C. conservative保守的，守旧的；D. convenient方便的。根据句中的it is illegal for parents to prevent their children from attending school可知，小学教育是强制性的。故选A。
14 Sarah worked hard to ________ her colleagues of the benefits of adopting sustainable practices in the workplace.
A. confirm B. control C. convince D. reward
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Sarah努力让她的同事相信在工作场所采用可持续做法的好处。A. confirm确认；B. control控制；C. convince使确信；D. reward奖励。根据句意，空处表达的含义是“使某人相信……”，为固定搭配convince sb. of。故选C。
15. He was entirely devoted to the affairs of his troop, and was ________ and kind to his men and officers.
A. dominant B. deliberate C. enterprising D. considerate
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他全身心地投入到部队的事务中，对部下和军官都很体贴和友善。A. dominant占支配地位的；B. deliberate故意的；C. enterprising有事业心的；D. considerate体贴的。根据空后的and kind to his men and officers可知，他对部下和军官非常体贴友善。故选D。
16. When I returned home, I tried to ________the wonder of this machine to my partner.
A. delay B. deliver C. convey D. declare
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：回到家后，我试着把这台机器的奇妙之处告诉我的搭档。A. delay延迟；B. deliver传送，交付；C. convey表达，传递；D. declare公布，宣告。根据空后的the wonder of this machine to my partner可知，这里表示向搭档表达这台机器的神奇之处，应用convey。故选C。
17. The language teacher will also have his or her own assessments to make sure each student is meeting ________in class.
A. expectations B. disciplines C. conflicts D. coincidences
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：语言老师还将有自己的评估，以确保每个学生在课堂上都达到预期。A. expectations预期，希望；B. disciplines训练方法，行为准则；C. conflicts冲突；D. coincidences巧合，巧事。根据空前的each student is meeting可知，这里表示每个学生都能达到预期，应用expectations。故选A。
18. As India gained freedom and matured into herself, the British Empire began to ________, which signaled the end of colonial rule and the emergence of a new era in the country’s history.
A. break in B. fall apart C. hold out D. take over
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：随着印度获得自由并成熟起来，大英帝国开始瓦解，这标志着殖民统治的结束和印度历史上一个新时代的出现。A. break in打断；B. fall apart瓦解；C. hold out伸出；D. take over接管。根据空后which signaled the end of colonial rule and the emergence of a new era in the country’s history.可知，此处是指帝国瓦解了。故选B项。
19. The young boy was ________ his favorite toy as his parents hurriedly left the store.
A. concerned with B. engaged in C. committed to D. torn away from
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词短语辨析。句意：当他的父母匆匆离开商店时，这个小男孩依依不舍地离开了他最喜欢的玩具。A. (be) concerned with关注；B. (be) engaged in忙于，从事；C. (be) committed to致力于；D. torn away from依依不舍地离开，忍痛离去。根据空后的his favorite toy as his parents hurriedly left the store可知，当这个小男孩的父母匆匆离开商店的时候，这个小男孩不舍得离开他最喜欢的玩具。故选D。
20. The company wants to ________ a strong presence in the world market by working with partners and creating new and innovative products.
A. establish B. exploit C. expose D. exhaust
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：公司希望通过与合作伙伴合作，创造新的创新产品，在世界市场上建立强大的存在。A. establish建立；B. exploit剥削；C. expose暴露；D. exhaust耗尽。根据空后a strong presence in the world market可知，此处指在世界市场上建立强大的存在。故选A。
21. A promotion served as a significant ________for his outstanding performance and positive impact on the team.
A. award B. determination C. reward D. demand
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：晋升是对他出色表现和对团队产生积极影响的重大奖励。A. award奖品；B. determination决心；C. reward奖励；D. demand要求。根据句意，空处名词做宾语，意为“回报，奖励”。Award 通常指的是正式或官方颁发的奖品、奖牌或其他形式的认可。Reward 一般指的是对有特殊贡献或付出额外劳动的人的补偿。此处reward更符合语境。故选C项。
Section B
Directions: Fill in the blank with a proper word chosen from the box: Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. dramatic B. concerns C. frequently D. threats E. revealed F. emerge G. previously H. keep I. deepened J. native K. exist
The reason for the mysterious deaths of hundreds of elephants
When hundreds of African savanna elephants dropped dead in Botswana’s Okavango Delta in 2020, conservationists were alarmed. As the death toll rose — from dozens in March to more than 350 animals by July — their ____22____ increased, especially because nobody knew what was happening. A short time later, the mystery ____23____ when 34 more individuals of the endangered species died across the border in northwestern Zimbabwe in a three-week period, with one more found in November. “It was very quick,” says Chris Foggin, a vet who examined the elephant carcasses (尸体) in Zimbabwe. “That was so ____24____.”
African savanna elephants ____25____ to this area represent the majority of what’s left of that species. Around 350,000 African savanna elephants remain, and given the already significant ____26____ to their survival, a new disease could be what tips that last domino towards extinction.
Now, new research published recently in Nature Communications points to a bacterium not ____27____ found in elephants of any species, called Bisgaard taxon 45, that causes a massive systemic blood infection called septicemia. “It’s a disease we know can kill a reasonable number of elephants in a short space of time,” says Foggin, co-leader of the study. And “it has the potential to kill a lot more given the right circumstances.” What those are, however, remains unknown — yet it’s pressing to find out. Aerial population surveys in KAZA in 2022 found a high number of new elephant carcasses. The examination ____28____ the elephants had enlarged livers and spleens, as well as internal bleeding in multiple organs — signs of septicemia (败血症).
However, scientists still don’t know how widespread Bisgaard taxon 45 is, or if the bacteria ____29____ as a normal group of bacteria within elephants and other animals. “We’re assuming it’s probably present more ____30____ than we’ve known, without causing disease, but we don’t have proof of that,” Foggin says. It’s possible environmental stressors, such as heat and lack of food and water, may have led Bisgaard taxon 45 to multiply and cause the septicemia in the Zimbabwe elephants. With much of Africa predicted to get hotter and drier, the bacterium “could cause much worse mortalities down the line,” says Foggin. That’s why, he says, “it is important to _____31_____ monitoring elephant deaths and see if it’s responsible.”
【答案】22. B 23. I
24. A 25. G
26. D 27. J
28. E 29. K
30. C 31. H
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了数百头大象神秘死亡的原因。
【22题详解】
考查名词。句意：随着死亡数量的上升——从3月份的几十只上升到7月份的350多只——他们的担忧增加了，尤其是因为没有人知道发生了什么。根据上文“As the death toll rose — from dozens in March to more than 350 animals by July”及下文“especially because nobody knew what was happening.”可知，大象神秘死亡，这让人们感到担忧。应用名词concern“担忧”，可数名词，由空前their可知，应用名词复数形式。故选B。
23题详解】
考查动词。句意：不久之后，在津巴布韦西北部边境的三周内，又有34只濒危物种死亡，11月又发现了一只，谜团进一步加深。根据下文“when 34 more individuals of the endangered species died across the border in northwestern Zimbabwe in a three-week period, with one more found in November.”可知，这个谜团进一步加深了。应用动词deepen“加深”，由语境可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故选I。
【24题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这太巨大而突然了。此处作表语，应用形容词，由上文““It was very quick,” says Chris Foggin, a vet who examined the elephant carcasses (尸体) in Zimbabwe.”可知，情况发展的太快，应用形容词dramatic“巨大而突然的”。故选A。
【25题详解】
考查形容词。句意：原产于该地区的非洲稀树草原象代表了该物种仅存的大部分。根据下文“represent the majority of what’s left of that species.”可知，此处指原产于该地区的非洲稀树草原象。应用形容词native“原产于某地的”，作后置定语。故选G。
【26题详解】
考查名词。句意：大约有35万头非洲稀树草原大象仍然存在，考虑到它们的生存已经受到严重威胁，一种新的疾病可能会使最后的多米诺骨牌走向灭绝。根据下文“a new disease could be what tips that last domino towards extinction.”可知，此处指非洲稀树草原大象生存受到的严重威胁。应用名词threat“威胁”，可数名词，由语境可知，数量大于一，应用复数形式。故选D。
【27题详解】
考查副词。句意：现在，最近发表在《自然通讯》上的一项新研究指出，一种以前在任何物种的大象身上都没有发现的细菌，叫做Bisgaard分类群45，它会导致一种叫做败血症的大规模全身血液感染。此处修饰过去分词found，应用副词，由that causes a massive systemic blood infection called septicemia.可知，造成大象死亡的是一种新病菌，这是“一种以前在任何物种的大象身上都没有发现的细菌”，应用副词previously“以前地”。故选J。
【28题详解】
考查动词。句意：检查显示大象的肝脏和脾脏肿大，多个器官出现内出血——败血症的迹象。根据下文“the elephants had enlarged livers and spleens, as well as internal bleeding in multiple organs — signs of septicemia (败血症).”可知，这是检查显示的内容，应用动词reveal“显示”，句意陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故选E。
【29题详解】
考查动词。句意：然而，科学家们仍然不知道Bisgaard 45分类群的分布范围有多广，也不知道这种细菌是否作为大象和其他动物体内的正常细菌群存在。根据下文“within elephants and other animals.”可知，此处表示在大象和其他动物体内存在，应用动词exist“存在”，句子陈述目前事实，应用一般现在时，主语the bacteria是复数，exist应用原形。故选K。
【30题详解】
考查副词。句意：“我们假设它可能比我们所知道的更频繁地出现，但不会引起疾病，但我们没有证据，”福金说。根据上文“or if the bacteria ____8____ as a normal group of bacteria within elephants and other animals.”及下文“without causing disease, but we don’t have proof of that”可知，科学家们不知道这种细菌是否作为大象和其他动物体内的正常细菌群存在，所以只能假设它可能比我们所知道的更频繁地出现，但不会引起疾病。应用副词frequently“频繁地”，修饰形容词present，作状语。故选C。
【31题详解】
考查动词。句意：这就是为什么，他说，“重要的是要继续监测大象的死亡情况，看看它们是否应该为此负责。”根据上文““We’re assuming it’s probably present more ____9____ than we’ve known, without causing disease, but we don’t have proof of that,” Foggin says.”可知，科学家们还有确凿的证据，所以持续监测大象的死亡情况、看看它们是否应该为此负责是很重要的。应用动词keep“继续”，空前to是不定式符号，应用动词原形。故选H。
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
The Pop-up Igloo
Polar bears are warm-blooded animals with heavy fat and fur that can survive in freezing Arctic temperatures. They have two types of fur—the long oily hairs and short thick hairs. By ____32____ the characteristics of these two hairs and their black skin underneath, the polar bears can keep themselves warm. ____33____ by polar bears, a team of students from the Royal Danish Academy designed a pop-up igloo(弹出式冰屋)—an emergency tent that might make survival in sub-zero areas much more manageable.
Led by Henry Glogau, the team said that their design aims to ____34____ those lost or stranded in extreme conditions. With little visibility and no phone coverage, people may face severe ____35____ while waiting for rescue in cold polar areas. Rather than fight against the extreme conditions, the team looked to use them to its ____36____. “Inspired by snow caves and the conventional winter-used tents, we treat snow as a(n) ____37____ material rather than a burden,” the team told Vigour Times website.
The pop-up igloo adopts a mylar(聚酯薄膜) material, which works ____38____ to polar bears’ skin. Besides their thick fat and fur, polar bears have black skin underneath, which is ideal for absorbing rays from the Arctic sun to keep themselves warm. The mylar material gives ____39____ to its inhabitants in the same way by reflecting sunlight into the space inside the tent. The pop-up igloo also features an origami-like(像折纸的) design, which helps to ____40____ the snow and secure the tent. The origami pockets create areas where snow can _____41_____ on the outside. It prevents heat from escaping from the tent, while holding the tent to the ground. Researchers ensured that the tent could withstand the weight of a 70kg human standing on top to remain _____42_____ in extreme conditions. This adds another_____43_____ layer to everything inside.
The team put the tent through _____44_____ testing for one month in Alaska to see its capability. The results showed that at 11.8 to 15 inches of snow cover, a 37℃_____45_____ in temperature between inside and outside could be maintained on average. In the future, the pop-up igloos could be _____46_____ along hiking routes in cold areas like the Arctic, where they could be set up in seconds when needed.
32. A. gathering B. combining C. comparing D. distinguishing
33. A. Fascinated B. Encouraged C. Threatened D. Inspired
34. A. guide B. comfort C. shelter D. delight
35. A. danger B. boredom C. confusion D. damage
36. A. advantage B. challenge C. defence D. convenience
37. A. original B. novel C. creative D. building
38. A. efficiently B. closely C. similarly D. cleverly
39. A. rays B. light C. heat D. glow
40. A. estimate B. trap C. exclude D. dissolve
41. A. pile up B. melt down C. break down D. last out
42. A. concrete B. everlasting C. stable D. elegant
43. A. heavy B. protective C. external D. flexible
44. A. repetitive B. eventual C. general D. domestic
45. A. fall B. increase C. decline D. difference
46. A. exposed B. restored C. recycled D. placed
【答案】32. B 33. D 34. C 35. A 36. A 37. D 38. C 39. C 40. B 41. A 42. C 43. B 44. A 45. D 46. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了丹麦皇家学院的学生受北极熊抗寒身体构造的启发，设计一种弹出式冰屋，能够帮助人们在寒冷地区生存。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过将这两种毛和下面黑色皮肤的特征相结合，北极熊可以保暖。A. gathering聚集；B. combining（使）结合；C. comparing比较；D. distinguishing区分，辨别。根据空后的“the characteristics of these two hairs and their black skin underneath”可知，这里表示将北极熊两种毛的特点和其下面黑色皮肤的特点相结合。故选B。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：受北极熊的启发，丹麦皇家学院的一组学生设计了一个弹出式冰屋，这是一个应急帐篷，可能会使零度以下地区的生存更加容易应付。A. Fascinated深深吸引，迷住；B. Encouraged鼓励；C. Threatened威胁，恐吓；D. Inspired激励，启发。根据上文中的“By ____1____the characteristics of these two hairs and their black skin underneath, the polar bears can keep themselves warm.(通过将这两种毛和下面黑色皮肤的特征相结合，北极熊可以保暖。)”和下文中的“Inspired by...”可知，这些学生设计出能够让人在寒冷地区生存下来的弹出式冰屋是从北极熊身上获得了灵感。故选D。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个团队由Henry Glogau领导，该团队表示，他们的设计旨在为那些在极端条件下迷路或被困的人提供庇护。A. guide指引，指导；B. comfort安慰；C. shelter为……提供庇护处；D. delight使高兴。根据空后的“those lost or stranded in extreme conditions”可知，这里表示为那些在极端条件下迷路或被困的人提供庇护。故选C。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于能见度低，没有电话覆盖，人们在寒冷的极地等待救援时可能面临严重危险。A. danger危险；B. boredom无聊；C. confusion困惑；D. damage伤害。根据句中的“With little visibility and no phone coverage”和“in cold polar areas”并结合常识可知，在寒冷的极地，视线受阻且没有电话信号，人们的处境会非常危险。故选A。
【36题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：该团队并没有与极端条件作斗争，而是希望利用这些条件达到自己的优势。A. advantage优势，有利条件；B. challenge挑战；C. defence防御，保护；D. convenience方便。根据句中的“Rather than fight against the extreme conditions”可知，他们没有与极端条件作斗争，而是希望将这些极端条件转变成有利条件。故选A。
【37题详解】
考查形容词和名词词义辨析。句意：该团队告诉Vigour Times网站：“受雪洞和传统冬季使用的帐篷的启发，我们将雪作为一种建筑材料，而不是一种负担”。A. original原来的；B. novel新颖的；C. creative创造（性）的；D. building建筑。根据空后的“material”和下文中的“The origami pockets create areas where snow can ____10____on the outside.(折纸口袋创造了一个区域，雪可以在外面……)”可知，他们将雪作为一种建筑材料。故选D。
【38题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：弹出式冰屋采用聚酯薄膜材料，其工作原理与北极熊的皮肤相似。A. efficiently效率高地；B. closely仔细地，严密地；C. similarly相似地；D. cleverly聪明地。根据空后的“to polar bears’ skin”和下文中的“The mylar material gives ____8____to its inhabitants in the same way”可知，聚酯薄膜材料的作用与北极熊的皮肤相似。故选C。
【39题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：聚酯薄膜材料通过将阳光反射到帐篷内的空间，以同样的方式为其居民提供热量。A. rays光线；B. light光，光线；C. heat热，温度；D. glow暗淡的光。根据上文中的“Besides their thick fat and fur, polar bears have black skin underneath, which is ideal for absorbing rays from the Arctic sun to keep themselves warm.(除了厚厚的脂肪和皮毛外，北极熊下面还有黑色的皮肤，这对吸收北极太阳光线保暖来说非常理想。)”和句中的“in the same way by reflecting sunlight into the space inside the tent”可知，聚酯薄膜材料将阳光反射到帐篷内部，可以储存热量，和北极熊的皮肤保暖作用相似。故选C。
【40题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：弹出式冰屋还采用了类似折纸的设计，有助于锁住雪并固定帐篷。A. estimate估计，估价；B. trap卡住；C. exclude不包括；D. dissolve溶解。根据句中的“an origami-like(像折纸的) design”和“secure the tent”并结合常识可知，折纸的凹处能够锁住雪，从而达到固定帐篷的效果。故选B。
【41题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：折纸口袋创造了雪可以堆积在外面的区域。A. pile up堆积，积压；B. melt down熔化；C. break down出故障；D. last out尽力维持下去。根据上文中的“which helps to ____9____the snow and secure the tent”并结合常识可知，这种设计可以锁住雪，让雪在上面堆积，从而保持固定。故选A。
【42题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：研究人员确保帐篷能够承受70公斤重的人站在上面的重量，以便在极端条件下保持牢固。A. concrete具体的；B. everlasting永久的，永恒的；C. stable稳固的，牢固的；D. elegant优美的。根据上文中的“secure the tent”和“holding the tent to the ground”可知，这里指保持帐篷牢固。故选C。
【43题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这为里面的一切增加了另一层保护层。A. heavy重的；B. protective保护的，防护的；C. external外部的；D. flexible灵活的。根据上文中的“The origami pockets create areas where snow can ____10____ on the outside.(折纸口袋创造了雪可以堆积在外面的区域。)”和“Researchers ensured that the tent could withstand the weight of a 70kg human standing on top to remain ____11____in extreme conditions.(研究人员确保帐篷能够承受70公斤重的人站在上面的重量，以便在极端条件下保持牢固。)”可知，这种帐篷上面留了让雪堆积的区域，且承重性强，能够在极端条件下保持牢固，根据常识可知，这给帐篷内部的一切增加了一层保护。故选B。
【44题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：该团队在阿拉斯加对帐篷进行了一个月的重复测试，以了解其性能。A. repetitive多次重复的；B. eventual最终的；C. general普遍的；D. domestic国内的。根据空后的“testing for one month in Alaska to see its capability”并结合常识可知，为了测试帐篷的性能，应该会对其进行多次测试。故选A。
【45题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：结果表明，在11.8至15英寸的积雪下，室内外温度平均可以保持37℃的差异。A. fall下落，降落；B. increase增加；C. decline下降，减少；D. difference差别，差异。根据空后的“in temperature between inside and outside”可知，这里表示室内外的温差。故选D。
【46题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：未来，这些弹出式冰屋可以放置在北极等寒冷地区的徒步路线上，在需要的时候可以在几秒钟内搭建起来。A. exposed暴露，显露；B. restored恢复；C. recycled回收利用；D. placed放置，安放。根据句中的“where they could be set up in seconds when needed”可知，应该是把这些弹出式冰屋放置在有需要的路线上，以便在有需要时可以让人们快速搭建使用。故选D。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fit s best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
（A）
“It’s a windy day in Laguna San Ignacio, and the waves seem to come from all directions,” said Sara Clemence in Bloomberg Businessweek. My children and I are riding on an 18-foot boat—small enough that we can reach down into the water if a gray whale swims up alongside. And then we see what we’ve come for: a heart-shaped shower of water and a dark mass rushing below it. As instructed, we splash(溅泼) the water strongly to signal the huge whale, which turns out to be a mother with her weeks-old baby. The baby soon swims beneath our boat, emerges to blow mist in my face, then “lies onto its side like a 2-ton puppy.” Leaning down, I touched its skin gently. “It feels electric. Also, a bit like petting a hard-boiled egg.”
San Ignacio is one of very few places where a person can pet a whale. The whales come each year to the coast of Baja California to give birth and to mate. If you’re lucky, you can “shake hands with a leathery fin(鳍)” or even “plant a kiss on a cold, salty cheek.” I usually worry about such interactions, because wild creatures can become deeply stressed by human contact. But boat numbers are strictly limited in these protected waters. And any whale that approaches a boat does so on its own terms. Like that baby whale: “We see him a few times, and he seems to like being petted and splashed.”
So we are two species, connecting through touch, but also through eye contact: “More than once, after nosing around our boat, a young gray whale turns on its side so one dark, baseball-size eye is looking up at us.” Whalers used to call gray whales “devil fish” because these magnificent creatures turn violent when threatened—“or, say, when their babies are harmed.” That makes it feel even more of a blessing when, on our third day there, a large mama whale approaches the boat. “I’m splashing when I feel her nose press up into my hand.” Though she’s “wiser and apparently more alert” than her child, “she still decides to trust us.”
47. According to the passage, people can NOT interact with a whale by ________.
A. splashing water to it B. gently touching its skin
C. swimming alongside it D. looking at it in the eye
48. The underlined phrase in paragraph 2 means that the whale ________.
A. is mad with too many visitors
B. is willing to be petted by people on the boat
C. can interact with people based on its likes
D. can decide its preferred swimming route
49. Why does the author consider it “a blessing” when a large mama whale approaches the boat
A. Because she is smarter than her child and better at interacting with people.
B. Because she believes in people and will not turn violent if her baby is harmed.
C. Because a whale as large as this one is rare to see.
D. Because she trusts people despite her concerns about her child’s safety.
50. What is the best title for this passage
A Preserving the Devil Fish in Laguna San Ignacio
B. A Beautiful Encounter with Gray Whales
C. A Risky but Exciting Whale-Watching Journey
D. Appropriate Ways to Interact with Gray Whales
【答案】47. C 48. B 49. D 50. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Sara Clemence和孩子们在圣伊格纳西奥湖的一段和鲸鱼互动的海上之旅，展现了人与自然的和谐共处。
【47题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“As instructed, we splash(溅泼) the water strongly to signal the huge whale, which turns out to be a mother with her weeks-old baby.(按照指示，我们用力泼水，向这头巨大的鲸鱼发出信号，原来它是一位带着几周大婴儿的母亲。)”和“Leaning down, I touched its skin gently.(我俯下身，轻轻地摸了摸它的皮肤。)”和第三段中的“So we are two species, connecting through touch, but also through eye contact(因此，我们是两个物种，通过触摸和眼神接触交流)”可知，人们可以通过向鲸鱼泼水、轻抚鲸鱼的皮肤、跟鲸鱼进行眼神接触来互动。文中没有提到可以和鲸鱼一起游泳，C项错误。故选C。
【48题详解】
词句猜测题。画线部分前句句首的But表明前后之间是转折关系。前面“I usually worry about such interactions, because wild creatures can become deeply stressed by human contact.(我通常担心这种互动，因为野生生物会因人类接触而倍感压力。)”讲述了作者担心这种互动会让野生动物感到压力，所以But后面应讲述让这种压力不会存在的条件。“But boat numbers are strictly limited in these protected waters.(但在这些受保护的水域，船只数量受到严格限制。)”讲述了船只数量有严格限制，可以控制人类与鲸鱼的接触频度。画线部分后一句“Like that baby whale: ‘We see him a few times, and he seems to like being petted and splashed.’(就像那头小鲸鱼：‘我们见过他几次，他似乎喜欢被人抚摸和泼溅。’)”讲述了靠近人类船只的这只小鲸鱼似乎喜欢被人抚摸和泼溅。再结合画线部分所在句中的“any whale that approaches a boat”可推测出，这里表达的是任何接近船只的鲸鱼都喜欢和人互动接触，does so指代的是“和人类互动接触”，on its own terms表示“按照自己的意愿”，即：愿意被船上的人抚摸，故选B。
【49题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“That makes it feel even more of a blessing when, on our third day there, a large mama whale approaches the boat. ‘I’m splashing when I feel her nose press up into my hand.’ Though she’s ‘wiser and apparently more alert’ than her child, ‘she still decides to trust us.’(当我们在那里的第三天，一头大型鲸鱼妈妈靠近船时，这让我们感觉更像是一种祝福。‘我正在溅水，这时我感觉到她的鼻子压在我手上。’尽管她比她的孩子‘更聪明，并且显然更警觉’，‘但她仍然决定相信我们。’)”可推知，当这只大型鲸鱼妈妈靠近他们的船时，作者感到这是一种“祝福”，因为尽管她会担心自己孩子们的安全，但她依然选择相信人类。故选D。
【50题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“My children and I are riding on an 18-foot boat—small enough that we can reach down into the water if a gray whale swims up alongside. And then we see what we’ve come for: a heart-shaped shower of water and a dark mass rushing below it.(我和孩子们坐在一艘18英尺长的船上，船足够小，如果一头灰鲸在旁边游动，我们就可以把手伸下水里。然后我们看到了我们来这里的目的：一场心形的阵雨和一团黑块在它下面冲来。)”并结合下文内容可知，本文主要描述了作者和孩子们的一段和鲸鱼互动的海上之旅，所以B项“一场与灰鲸的美丽邂逅”最适合作本文标题。故选B。
（B）
Communicate Fluently Effectively in English
“The Cities are My Classrooms!” Why spend your time in a classroom when you can invest your time studying during breakfast or dinner And why stay inside in the afternoon when you can study by the beach or in a bar That’s right. That’s the way we teach. ‘Active Learning’ is the best way to learn, practice, and perfect your English. “Walk and Talk English Eat and Drink English!”
Are you considering new challenges Would you like to take your English to the next level with our in-house methods that are highly effective, yet relaxing and fun How about spending your hard-earned vacation time studying English during a delicious breakfast, or during lunch in a historical pub, or at night from a sky room as you enjoy views of London or Dublin You could be sitting comfortably inside or in front of a palace or castle, drinking coffee or tea while you study. Why not
What is your greatest challenge with the English language Get in touch with us and help us to understand your difficulty as well as your goals in life. It is essential that the solution we offer also fits in well with your personality, mindset, objectives with English, your available time to travel, and your family commitments. Lastly, your holiday in Europe, as well as your experiences with the English language and your travels to different cities, should have that ‘Wow!’ factor that helps you to remember your holiday forever. A language immersion (沉浸) programme is the experience of diving into a different culture. It is not the ‘false-reality’ of the internet or technology. To experience historical cities, villages, castles, pubs, businesses etc., is to understand a country’s culture and its DNA.
51. Who might be the target audience for this advertisement
A. people who who’d like to learn English while travelling.
B. Inland travelers who want to talk with the locals in England pubs.
C. England students who want to improve their English to be admitted to Oxford.
D. people who want to improve their English through virtual tourism.
52. Which learning experience is NOT provided by English 4 Professionals
A. An individualized learning experience which suits the learner’s schedule.
B. An immersed learning experience where the learner studies in famous universities.
C. A cultural learning experience where the learner experiences European cultures.
D. A relaxing learning experience where the learner can have fun while learning.
53. If you sign up for the program, you are most likely to be studying ________.
A. on the MIT campus lawn B. in Windsor Castle in England
C. on La Concha Beach in Spain D. in an English pub near your house
【答案】51. A 52. B 53. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍的是一项旅游学习英语项目。
【51题详解】
推理判断题。根据标题栏中的“Communicate Fluently Effectively in English(能用英语流利有效地沟通)”可知，本课程项目与提高英语相关，结合第二栏中的““The Cities are My Classrooms!” Why spend your time in a classroom when you can invest your time studying during breakfast or dinner And why stay inside in the afternoon when you can study by the beach or in a bar That’s right. That’s the way we teach.(“城市是我的教室!”当你可以把时间花在早餐或晚餐上学习时，为什么还要把时间花在教室里呢 当你可以在海滩或酒吧学习时，为什么要在下午呆在家里呢 这是正确的。这就是我们的教学方式。)”可知，该课程项目不是在教室上课，而是可以在城市里，在早餐或晚餐时，在海滩或者酒吧，这是他们的教学方式，由此可知推断，本课程项目的目标对象应是想要旅行的同时学习英语的人。故选A项。
【52题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四栏中的“It is essential that the solution we offer also fits in well with your personality, mindset, objectives with English, your available time to travel, and your family commitments.(重要的是，我们提供的解决方案也要符合你的个性、心态、英语目标、你的旅行时间和你的家庭承诺。)”可知，该课程项目提供的方案符合学习者的个性，旅行时间，所以该课程项目适合学习者日程安排的个性化学习体验，所以A项表述正确；根据第四栏中的“A language immersion (沉浸) programme is the experience of diving into a different culture.(语言浸入式课程项目是一种潜入不同文化的体验。)”可知，该课程项目提供了一种潜入不同文化的体验，结合“Lastly, your holiday in Europe, as well as your experiences with the English language and your travels to different cities, should have that ‘Wow!’ factor that helps you to remember your holiday forever.(最后，你在欧洲的假期，以及你的英语经历和你到不同城市的旅行，应该会有“哇!”这个能帮助你永远记住你的假期的因素。)”可知，该课程项目提供了文化学习体验，学习者体验欧洲文化，所以C选项表述的内容正确；根据第三栏中的“Would you like to take your English to the next level with our in-house methods that are highly effective, yet relaxing and fun (您想通过我们高效、轻松、有趣的内部方法将您的英语水平提升到一个新的水平吗？)”可知，该课程项目的教学通过高效、轻松、有趣的方法帮助提升英语水平，由此可知，该课程项目能提供一个轻松的学习体验，学习者可以在学习的同时享受乐趣，所以D选项描述是正确的，只有B选项在文中没有提到，只涉及到沉浸式学习，但是没有提到提供在名牌大学学习的沉浸式学习体验，所以该课程项目没有给学习者提供在名牌大学学习的沉浸式学习体验。故选B项。
【53题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三栏中的“How about spending your hard-earned vacation time studying English during a delicious breakfast, or during lunch in a historical pub, or at night from a sky room as you enjoy views of London or Dublin You could be sitting comfortably inside or in front of a palace or castle, drinking coffee or tea while you study.(把辛苦得来的假期时间用在一边吃美味的早餐，一边学习英语，或者在一家历史悠久的酒吧吃午餐，或者在晚上从空中房间欣赏伦敦或都柏林的景色，怎么样？你可以舒适地坐在宫殿或城堡的里面或前面，一边学习一边喝咖啡或茶。)”可知，学习者可以舒适地坐在宫殿或者城堡的里面或者前面，边学习边喝咖啡或者茶，由此可知，如果报名该课程项目的话，很有可能在英国的温莎城堡学习。故选B项。
（C）
In spite of “endless talk of difference”, American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. This includes the uniformity in clothing and communication, as well as the casualness and lack of respect seen in popular culture. People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption” launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered a wide range of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of fancy shops catering to the upper-class, these were stores “anyone could enter, regardless of class or background.” This turned shopping into a public and democratic (民主的) act. The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization.
Immigrants are quickly adapting to this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today’s immigration is neither at remarkable levels nor resistant to assimilation (融合). In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of population; in 1900, 13.6 percent. In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000. Now, consider three indicators of assimilation — language, home ownership and intermarriage.
The 1990 Census revealed that “a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English ‘well’ or ‘very well’ after ten years of residence.” The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual (双语的) and good at English. “By the third generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families.” Hence, America is described as a “graveyard” for languages. By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrived before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans. Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics “have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S.-born whites and blacks.” By the third generation, one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics, and 41 percent of Asian-American women are married to non-Asians.
Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet “some Americans fear that immigrants living within the United States are not influenced by the nation’s assimilative power.”
Are there divisive issues and anger in America Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly when viewed against America’s troubled past, today’s social Indicators hardly suggest a dark and worsening social environment.
54. The underlined phrase in paragraph 1 probably means ________.
A making people adapt to American consumption culture
B. encouraging people to embrace a democratic lifestyle
C. encouraging people to stick to their own ideas and principles
D. making people behave more similarly in many aspects
55. According to the passage, what can be inferred about the immigrants now in the U.S.
A. Their adaptation to the common culture is quick but harmful to the society.
B. The scale of immigration is not big and the immigrants welcome American culture.
C. Their children are good at both English and their original language.
D. Hispanic and Asian-American women both prefer to marry native-born Americans.
56. The author mentions Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks in paragraph 4 to ________.
A. provide examples of successful immigrants
B. suggest the weakness of America’s assimilative power
C. show the powerful influence of American culture
D. prove their popularity at home and abroad
57. What is the author’s general attitude towards the cultural assimilation in American society
A. Optimistic. B. Concerned. C. Neutral. D. Negative.
【答案】54. D 55. B 56. C 57. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国对美国移民的文化同化问题。
【54题详解】
词句猜测题。划线词句前文“In spite of “endless talk of difference”(尽管“没完没了地谈论差异”)”说明尽管人们对于美国社会的差异性有没完没了的争议，与后文形成转折关系，从而推知划线词句“American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people(美国社会是一台神奇的homogenizing people的机器)”其中划线短语应为“同质人们，使人们同质化”的意思，与D项“使人们在许多方面表现得更加相似”同义。故选D项。
【55题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“Immigrants are quickly adapting to this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today’s immigration is neither at remarkable levels nor resistant to assimilation (融合). In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of population; in 1900, 13.6 percent. In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000.(移民们正在很快迅速适应这种共同文化，虽然这种文化可能不会引人向上，但也不会毒害人们。Gregory Rodriguez为《国家移民论坛》撰写文章，他在报道中指出，如今移民既没有创新高，也不抵制同化，1998年移民占美国人口总数的9.8%，而1990年移民人口所占比例是13.6%。1990年之前的10年里，每1000名居民中就有3.1名移民抵达；在1890年之前的10年中，每1000人中有9.2人)”和第三段中“The 1990 Census revealed that “a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English ‘well’ or ‘very well’ after ten years of residence.”(1990年的人口普查显示，“来自15个最常见的原籍国的大多数移民在居住10年后都能说‘好’或‘非常好’的英语。”)”可推知，现在在美国的移民，移民规模不大，并且移民欢迎美国文化。故选B项。
【56题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中“Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet “some Americans fear that immigrants living within the United States are not influenced by the nation’s assimilative power.”(罗德里格斯指出，世界各地偏远村庄的孩子都是阿诺德·施瓦辛格和加思·布鲁克斯等巨星的粉丝，但“一些美国人担心生活在美国的移民不会受到美国同化能力的影响。”)”可推知，作者在第4段提到阿诺德·施瓦辛格和加思·布鲁克斯是为了表明美国文化的巨大影响力。故选C项。
【57题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Are there divisive issues and anger in America Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly when viewed against America’s troubled past, today’s social Indicators hardly suggest a dark and worsening social environment.(美国是否存在分裂问题和愤怒？没错这个国家足够大，就会什么东西都会有点儿。但特别是当与美国动荡的过去相比时，今天的社会指标不能表明社会环境是黑暗和恶化的)”可推知，作者对美国社会文化同化的总体态度是乐观的。故选A项。
Section C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Do Lobsters Feel Pain
The traditional method for cooking a lobster — boiling it alive — raises the question of whether or not lobsters feel pain. ____58____. Lobsters decay very quickly after they die, and eating a dead lobster increases the risk of food-borne illness and reduces the quality of its flavor. However, if lobsters are capable of feeling pain, these cooking methods raise ethical questions for chefs and lobster eaters alike.
Until the 1980s, scientists were trained to ignore animal pain, based on the belief that the ability to feel pain was associated only with higher consciousness. However, today, scientists view humans as a species of animal. Still, scientists disagree over whether or not lobsters feel pain. Lobsters have a peripheral system (外围系统) like humans, but instead of a single brain, they possess segmented ganglia (分段神经节). Because of these differences, some researchers argue lobsters are too dissimilar to vertebrates (脊椎动物) to feel pain and that their reaction to negative stimuli is simply a reflex. ____59____. Lobsters guard their injuries, learn to avoid dangerous situations, and respond to anesthetics (麻醉剂). For these reasons, most scientists believe that injuring a lobster (e. g. storing it on ice or boiling it alive) causes physical pain.
____60____. Currently, boiling lobsters alive is banned in Switzerland, New Zealand, and the Italian city Reggio Emilia. Even in locations where boiling lobsters remains legal, many restaurants choose more human e methods, both to calm customer concerns and because the chefs believe stress negatively affects the flavor of the meat.
While we cannot know definitively whether or not lobsters feel pain, research indicates that it’s likely. So, if you want to enjoy a lobster dinner, how should you go about it The most human e tool for cooking a lobster is the CrustaStun. This device kills a lobster by an electric shock, making it unconscious in less than half a second, after which it can be cut apart or boiled. In contrast, it takes about 2 minutes for a lobster to die from immersion in boiling water. ____61____. Some restaurants place a lobster in a plastic bag and place it in the freezer for a couple of hours, during which time the lobster loses consciousness and dies.
A. Nonetheless, lobsters do satisfy all of the criteria for a pain response
B. This cooking technique is used in many restaurants to improve humans’ dining experience
C. Due to growing evidence that the lobsters may feel pain, it is now becoming illegal to boil lobsters alive or keep them on ice
D. This method is probably the most humane option for killing a lobster before cooking and eating it
E. Evidence shows that many species like lobsters are capable of learning and possess some level of self-awareness
F. Unfortunately, this technique is too expensive for most restaurants to afford
【答案】58. B 59. A 60. C 61. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些研究表明伤害龙虾会导致龙虾身体疼痛，所以一些国家规定活煮龙虾已成为违法行为，文章还介绍了几种人性化杀死龙虾的方法。
【58题详解】
上文“The traditional method for cooking a lobster — boiling it alive — raises the question of whether or not lobsters feel pain. (烹饪龙虾的传统方法——活煮——引发了龙虾是否感到疼痛的问题)”指出烹饪龙虾的传统方法是活煮，下文“Lobsters decay very quickly after they die, and eating a dead lobster increases the risk of food-borne illness and reduces the quality of its flavor. (龙虾死后很快就会腐烂，食用死龙虾会增加食源性疾病的风险并降低其风味质量)”指出吃死龙虾的危害，由此可知，空处应该承接上文，指出活煮龙虾的好处，B项“许多餐厅都采用这种烹饪技术来改善人类的就餐体验”符合语境，this cooking technique代指上文boiling it alive，故选B。
【59题详解】
上文“Because of these differences, some researchers argue lobsters are too dissimilar to vertebrates (脊椎动物) to feel pain and that their reaction to negative stimuli is simply a reflex. (由于这些差异，一些研究人员认为，龙虾与脊椎动物太不相似了，它们对负面刺激的反应仅仅是一种反射)”指出一些研究人员认为，龙虾与脊椎动物太不相似了，它们对负面刺激的反应仅仅是一种反射，下文“Lobsters guard their injuries, learn to avoid dangerous situations, and respond to anesthetics (麻醉剂). For these reasons, most scientists believe that injuring a lobster (e. g. storing it on ice or boiling it alive) causes physical pain.(龙虾保护自己的伤口，学会避免危险情况，并对麻醉剂做出反应。由于这些原因，大多数科学家认为伤害龙虾（例如将其存放在冰上或活煮）会导致身体疼痛)”和上文是转折关系，指出一些科学家的不同看法，即龙虾会对疼痛做出反应，A项“尽管如此，龙虾确实满足疼痛反应的所有标准”符合语境，引起下文，故选A。
【60题详解】
下文“Currently, boiling lobsters alive is banned in Switzerland, New Zealand, and the Italian city Reggio Emilia.(目前，瑞士、新西兰和意大利雷焦艾米利亚市禁止活煮龙虾)”指出一些国家禁止活煮龙虾，C项“由于越来越多的证据表明龙虾可能会感到疼痛，现在活煮龙虾或将它们放在冰上已成为违法行为”符合语境，引起下文，故选C。
【61题详解】
上文“So, if you want to enjoy a lobster dinner, how should you go about it The most human e tool for cooking a lobster is the CrustaStun. This device kills a lobster by an electric shock, making it unconscious in less than half a second, after which it can be cut apart or boiled. In contrast, it takes about 2 minutes for a lobster to die from immersion in boiling water.(那么，如果你想享受一顿龙虾大餐，该怎么做呢？最人性化的龙虾烹饪工具是CrustaStun。该装置通过电击杀死龙虾，使其在不到半秒的时间内失去知觉，然后可以将其切开或煮沸。相比之下，龙虾在沸水中浸泡约2分钟就会死亡)”可知，最人性化的龙虾烹饪工具是使用工具CrustaStun，该装置通过电击杀死龙虾，下文“Some restaurants place a lobster in a plastic bag and place it in the freezer for a couple of hours, during which time the lobster loses consciousness and dies.(一些餐馆将龙虾放入塑料袋中，然后将其放入冰箱中几个小时，在此期间龙虾会失去知觉并死亡)”指出一些餐厅却用其他的方法，而不是这种用工具CrustaStun电死龙虾的最人性的方法，这说明这种方法有一定的缺陷，F项“不幸的是，这种技术对于大多数餐馆来说太昂贵了，无法承受”符合语境，即这种方法花费太大，一些餐馆无法负担，所以采用其他的方法，故选F。
IV. Productive Grammar
Directions: After reading the sentences below, fill in the blanks to make the sentence coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word.
62. News came as soon as she arrived home ________ her son died in the war.（用适当的词填空）
【答案】that
【解析】
【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：她一到家就传来她儿子死于战争的消息。此处是固定句型News came that...“有消息传来”，that引导news的同位语从句。故填that。
63. ________ you decide upon will not influence me, for I am not involved in your project. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】What
【解析】
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：你的决定不会影响我，因为我没有参与你的项目。分析句子结构，“______ you decide upon”是一个主语从句，且空处在从句中作宾语，所以应用What引导，意为“什么，……的事物”。故填What。
64. Is this classroom ________ you have your chemistry lessons the one you like the most （用适当的词填空）
【答案】where
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这间你上化学课的教室是你最喜欢的吗？分析句子结构，____ you have your chemistry lessons是一个定语从句，修饰this classroom，且从句中缺少地点状语，所以应用关系副词where引导。故填where。
65. I doubt ________ the scientific breakthrough will have a profound impact on the field of medicine. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】whether##if
【解析】
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：我怀疑这一科学突破是否会对医学领域产生深远的影响。空处引导宾语从句，从句成分完整，但缺少“是否”之意，应用连接词whether/if作引导词。故填whether/if。
66. The police offer a reward to ________ finds the missing luggage of this old lady.（用适当的词填空）
【答案】whoever
【解析】
【详解】考查连词。句意：警察给找到这位老太太丢失行李的任何人悬赏。此处考查offer sth. to sb.“向某人提供某物。”根据句意可知，此处应用表示“任何人，无论谁”的连词whoever，引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语。故填whoever。
67. ________ do you think would be the best place to celebrate our anniversary, a restaurant or a bar （用适当的词填空）
【答案】Which
【解析】
【详解】考查疑问句。句意：你认为哪一个地方是庆祝我们周年纪念的最佳场所，餐厅还是酒吧？分析句子结构，这里是一个特殊疑问句，空处在句中作主语成分。再结合句中的a restaurant or a bar可知，这里表示选择，所以应用Which引导。故填Which。
68. The moment ________ the first rays of sunlight painted the sky signaled the beginning of a new day. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】when
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：第一缕阳光晕染天空的那一刻标志着新的一天的开始。分析句子可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The moment，先行词在从句中表示行为发生的时间，作时间状语，应用关系副词when作引导词。故填when。
69. What I want to know is ________ you plan to dress in to attend the Christmas party. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】what
【解析】
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：我想知道的是你打算穿什么去参加圣诞晚会。引导表语从句，从句中的dress in缺少宾语，指事物应用what。故填what。
70. HR demanded that all employees ________ (familiarize) with the new software after the training session was completed. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】be familiarized##should be familiarized
【解析】
【详解】考查虚拟语气和语态。句意：人力资源部要求所有员工在培训结束后熟悉新软件。demand“（强烈）要求”表示命令，其后的宾语从句需用虚拟语气，谓语部分需用should do的形式，且should可省略；familiarize sb. with sth.是固定短语，表示“使某人熟悉某事物”，familiarize“使熟悉，使了解”和主语all employees之间是被动关系，因此需用被动语态。故填be familiarized/should be familiarized。
71. ________ the two trains crashed into each other still remains unknown, but the police say that it could be due to the heavy snow. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】Why
【解析】
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：两列火车相撞的原因尚不清楚，但警方表示，这可能是由于大雪。空处引导主语从句，从句成份完整，结合下文“it could be due to the heavy snow”可知，此处是指原因，应用连接副词why作引导词。故填Why。
V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
72. 这个从不自省的男人不可能在事业上获得成功。（reward v.）（汉译英）
【答案】This man who never reflects on himself cannot be rewarded with success in his career.
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句和固定搭配。分析句子结构，“这个从不自省的男人”可翻译为who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词“这个男人”（the man）。“从不”可表示为never；“自省”可表示为reflect on himself；“在事业上”可表示为in his career；“获得成功”可表示为be rewarded with success。故本句可翻译为：This man who never reflects on himself cannot be rewarded with success in his career.
73. 当队长意识到一些团队成员总是试图挑这份提案的毛病时，他感到十分沮丧。（aware）（汉译英）
【答案】The captain became very frustrated when he was aware of the fact that some team members were always trying to find fault with the proposal.
【解析】
【详解】考查句子结构，时间状语从句，同位语从句，动词短语和形容词短语。根据汉语句子分析可知，“他感到十分沮丧”为主句，“当队长意识到一些团队成员总是试图挑这份提案的毛病时”用时间状语从句表达。主句主语“他”即“队长”，用名词“the captain”表达；谓语“感到”用动词“become”表达，时态用一般过去时，动词用过去式，即，“became”；“十分沮丧”用形容词短语“very frustrated”表达；因此主句译为“The captain became very frustrated”。从句用“when”引导，从句主语“队长”用人称代词主格“he”表达；“意识到”用短语“be aware of”表达，与主句保持时态一致，用一般过去时，同时结合从句主语，be应是“was”；“一些团队成员总是试图挑这份提案的毛病”为介词“of”的宾语，用名词“the fact”指代，其后接同位语从句，用that引导，主语“一些团队成员”用名词短语“some team members”表达，谓语“试图”用动词“try”表达，结合语境可用过去进行时与always连用，表达总是做某事，即“were always trying”，“挑这份提案的毛病”用动词不定式短语“to find fault with the proposal”表达。因此时间状语从句译为“when he was aware of the fact that some team members were always trying to find fault with the proposal.”。故翻译为：The captain became very frustrated when he was aware of the fact that some team members were always trying to find fault with the proposal.
74. 虽然这位环保主义者承受着巨大的压力，但他最终兑现了保护野生动物自然栖息地的承诺。（deliver）（汉译英）
【答案】Although this environmentalist was under great pressure, he ultimately delivered on his promise to protect the natural habitats of wildlife.
【解析】
【详解】考查状语从句、固定搭配、非谓语动词和时态。根据句意可知，“承受压力”和“兑现承诺”表示的动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。分析句子结构，“虽然这位环保主义者承受着巨大的压力”应用although引导让步状语从句。“环保主义者”可表示为environmentalist；“承受着巨大的压力”可表示为under great pressure；“最终”可表示为ultimately；“兑现”可表示为deliver on；“保护野生动物自然栖息地”可表示为protect the natural habitats of wildlife；“……的承诺”可表示为his promise to do...，不定式作后置定语。故本句可翻译为：Although this environmentalist was under great pressure, he ultimately delivered on his promise to protect the natural habitats of wildlife.