重庆十一中高2024届高三上12月质量监测
英语试题
第一部分:听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7. 5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。听对话，选择最佳选项。
1.What will the woman fetch
A. A carrot. B. A hat. C. A rabbit.
2.What does Ann think of biking to work
A. It s tiring. B. It s environment-friendly. C. It s comfortable.
3.How will Eddy spend his holiday
A. Going on a trip.
B. Learning to dance.
C. Staying with his grandparents.
4.Where is probably the woman now
A In the living room. B. In the bedroom. C. In the kitchen.
5.What are the speakers mainly talking about
A. The reasons why Juno quit job.
B. The woman s company.
C. The man s boss.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22. 5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给5秒钟的时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6.How does the woman feel about the ending of the movie
A. Bored. B. Puzzled. C. Satisfied.
7.What does the woman want to do next
A. Dine with the man. B. Play basketball. C. Pick a wedding gift.
听第7段材料，回答第8-10题。
8.Who will go to the park with the man
A. The woman. B. Andy. C. George.
9.Why did Jessica go to the airport
A. To pick up her friend. B. To catch her flight. C. To see someone off.
10.What is the weather like today
A. Rainy. B. Sunny. C. Snowy.
听第8段材料，回答第11-13题。
11.Where does the conversation take place
A. On the phone. B. In a language center. C. At the woman s home.
12.How many courses does the woman mention
A. 6. B. 5. C. 4.
13Which course will Amy take
A. Magic English. B. Magic Growth. C. Magic Conversation.
听第9段材料，回答第14-17题。
14.What time is it now
A. 7:30 a.m. B. 8:00 a.m. C. 8:30 a.m.
15.What did Eric do last night
A. He worked overtime.
B. He looked after his nephew.
C. He went to a party.
16.What does the woman ask Eric to buy
A. Candles. B. Chocolate. C. Balloons.
17.How will Eric go to the supermarket
A. By bus. B. On foot. C. By car.
听第10段材料，回答第18-20题。
18How were the elephants prevented from escaping
A. By holding them with chains.
B. By tying a rope to one of their legs.
C. By keeping them in cages.
19.Why did the gentleman talk with a trainer
A. To remove his confusion.
B. To learn how to train animals.
C. To know about the camp.
20.What does the speaker try to tell people
A. It s important to learn from successful people.
B. The most difficult thing in life is to know oneself.
C. People should believe in themselves in pursuing dreams.
第二部分:阅读理解
第一节(共15小题;每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分)
A
Undersea Adventures
This unique activity is a must-do and you don’t even need to know how to swim. Walk on the seabed using underwater helmets (头盔) or ride along under the waves on scooters (轻便小车). Children from 1.2 metres tall can walk on the seabed using helmets and the minimum height for the scooters is 1.4 metres tall. It is a unique experience that the whole family can do together. Just book with a deposit (订金) and pay the rest on the day of the activity.
What is included
Pick-up from your hotel in the Ayia Napa/Protaras areas;
All equipment;
Professional instruction, safety briefing and dive guidance;
2.5 hours’ experience including 30 minutes’ diving.
What is not included
Photos of the dive (available to purchase if you’d like);
Snacks and refreshments.
Before you go
You may be required to complete a health questionnaire before you dive;
Minimum age/height requirements: Helmets—width of shoulders 32 cm and height 120 cm, minimum age 6 years old; Scooters—height 140 cm and minimum age 13;
Diving is in small groups of up to 6 people with helmets and up to 4 people on the scooters;
No previous experience is necessary;
Available every morning and afternoon from May to October weather permitting. Please book at least 48 hours in advance.
Tickets
Scooters cost ?57 and include a deposit of ?12;
Helmets cost ?47 and include a deposit of ?12 (For adults);
Helmets cost ?37 and include a deposit of ?7 (For children);
No paper tickets are required for this tour;
Emergency-contact number will be sent with your confirmation email.
1. What can be learned about the activity
A. It demands full payment in advance. B. It is suitable for children of all ages.
C. It enables tourists to walk or ride underwater. D. It provides free photography services for tourists.
2. What is required of tourists
A. To spend at most 2 hours underwater. B. To book at least two days ahead.
C. To take their own food and drink. D. To have rich experience of diving.
3. How much should a young couple and their kid pay for helmets
A. ?36. B. ?121. C. ?131. D. ?151.
B
Wendell Berry was almost 30 when he packed up his life as a writer in New York and moved to Port Royal, a tiny community in Kentucky where generations of his forebears (祖先) had farmed the land. His friends thought he was mad. But he felt it was his inner calling to record the history of the place.
Since moving to Port Royal in 1964, he has lived as if he were in the 19th century, writing by hand and ploughing (耕) his fields with horses. His eight novels and more than 50 short stories are usually set in Port William, a stand-in (替身) for Port Royal. Nick Offerman, an actor, wanted to adapt his work for the screen. However, the actor was refused.
In Mr Berry’s opinion, humans must take care of the earth that grants them life. “The soil is the greatest connector of lives,” he has written. “Without proper care for it, we can have no community.” This philosophy dominates his writings. In The Unsettling of America, published in 1977, Mr Berry criticized the natural damage caused by large agribusinesses. He thinks capitalism has separated farming from culture and disconnected people from nature.
Mr Berry’s fiction explores the decline of sociable values by following Port William’s interconnected clans (家族) as they enter the modern age. In Dismemberment, a short story, Andy Catlett loses a hand to a harvesting machine and becomes a loner. He sees his withdrawal is mistaken and reconnects with the town, finding “the wealth of the family history in his ancestral place (祖籍)”. In Hannah Coulter, Mr Berry’s seventh novel, the main character Hannah Coulter grows old after a sad life and anticipates loneliness when her children leave to find work in the city. Instead, her hope is restored when her grandson returns to run the farm.
These stories offer insightful advice for readers living through ecological disaster. Though few can return to farming basics, Mr Berry’s messages of building communities, being a good neighbour and resisting the invitation of modern life are still valuable. Besides, his mission to find the “peace of wild things” is easily completed by spending a few hours in Port William.
4. Why did Mr Berry’s friends regard him as mad
A. He moved to live in the countryside. B. He turned down Offerman’s request.
C. He wrote most of his novels by hand. D. He gave up his career as a writer.
5. What do Mr Berry’s writings often imply
A. The challenges of farming in old days. B. The harmony between man and nature.
C. The real benefits of large agri-businesses. D. The hard lives of his forebears in Kentucky.
6. What do Catlett and Coulter have in common
A. Both admire harvesting machines. B. Both are from the same novel.
C. Both reconnect with the city. D. Both find sociable values again.
7. What would be the best title for the text
A. Wendell Berry: adaptation to new environments B. Wendell Berry: a strong voice for modern farming
C. Wendell Berry: journey to his shining rural tales D. Wendell Berry: a young productive writer
C
Zoologists track animals using global-positioning-system(GPS)tags(标签) which then return their data via satellite. Marine(海洋的)biologists have a harder time of it, though, because radio signals can’t pass through seawater. This makes it impossible either to receive GPS signals or to send any data collected back to base.
That does not stop people tagging sea creatures. Data collected and stored in a tag can be sent to a satellite in bursts if the species in question is one that comes to the surface from time to time. A tag may also be recovered if the animal carrying it is caught by a fishing boat. Fisherfolk are typically paid a few hundred dollars per tag returned to its home laboratory.
None of these methods, though, keeps accurate track of where the animal carrying the tag has been. For these and other reasons, it would therefore be useful to have a marine equivalent of GPS. And one is now being employed. The Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, in Massachusetts, hopes to fill the seas with sonic beacons(声波信标) that will play the role of GPS satellites.
The sea is divided into distinct layers that have different temperatures. During the Second World War, American scientists showed that some of these layers act as sonic waveguides. They called them “sound fixing and ranging” (sofar) channels. Sound sent out in one of these channels echoes(回响) between the layers above and below, thus staying in the channel. Thus constrained(被约束)，a sound wave can travel hundreds of kilometers before it becomes too weak to detect.
The sofar transmitters from Woods Hole are usually at an appropriate depth for the channel concerned. Every 12 hours they broadcast a 32-second-long location signal known as a pong. Pongs are so called because they are similar to sonar “pings”, but of lower frequency. In typical conditions a pong can be picked up 1,000 km away. By listening to the pongs from several beacons a receiver can calculate its location. Existing receivers for the two sofar transmitters are currently carried on free-floating instrument packs. But the plan is to have two more transmitters this year, and more in future years.
8. Which sea creatures can GPS tags be applied to
A. Those feeding on other sea animals.
B. Those following fishing boats constantly.
C. Those coming out of the sea sometimes.
D. Those swimming deep under the water.
9. Why do sofar channels function
A. The echoes among them are weak.
B. The water has a high temperature over there.
C. The layers among them are quite similar.
D. The sound remains there and stays strong for a while.
10. What makes pings different from pongs
A. Pings are of higher frequency.
B. Pings can travel faster than pongs.
C. Pings can be received 1,000 km away.
D. Pings are broadcasted every 32 seconds.
11 What would be the best title for the text
A. Tags for sea creatures
B. “GPS” for the oceans
C. Strange deep sea creatures
D. Data from distant satellites
D
“This is the next revolution in flying,” says Mark Henning, European managing director of AutoFlight, a Chinese firm. Mr Henning is not alone in betting that electric vertical (垂直的) take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft have a bright future. The idea is that, being simpler, cheaper, greener and quieter than traditional helicopters (直升机), eVTOLs will be well suited to operate short-range passenger services across large urban areas, such as flying people between airports and city centres.
Now Mr Henning is setting up an operation at Augsburg Airport in Germany to further the development of Prosperity I, the company’s air taxi. Prosperity I can seat three passengers and a pilot. It is a hybrid between a helicopter and a fixed-wing plane. It takes off and lands vertically, using multiple rotors (旋翼), but these are switched off when it is in full flight. At that point a “pusher” propeller (螺旋桨) at the back takes over, to provide forward drive, and thus lift via the wings. This arrangement makes better use of the aircraft’s battery, giving Prosperity I a range of some 250 km.
A model will be test-flown in Germany in order to obtain what is known as a type certificate from the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA). This signifies the airworthiness of a new aircraft. Although AutoFlight is also seeking certification in China, the company thinks the addition of European approval will help speed the machine’s entry into service in other markets, too. It hopes to complete the approval process by 2025.
There is uncertainty about how the rules will differ from place to place. Nonetheless, enough regulatory progress has been made. In America, Joby Aviation hopes next year to become the first to obtain a type certificate from the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). In Europe, Volocopter, a German firm, hopes to provide air-taxi services for the 2024 Olympic Games in Paris.
It is not only new firms which are getting into the business. Airbus is developing ideas for eVTOLs. So is Boeing. With so much effort and money going into this new form of air travel, some of these birds will surely be flying soon.
12. Which of the following can replace the underline word “hybrid” in Paragraph 2
A. Symbol. B. Mixture. C. Concept. D. Application.
13. What is special about Prosperity I
A. It has no wings or rotors.
B. It can hold three people at most.
C. It is energy-efficient during its flight.
D. It has a top speed of 250 km per hour on land.
14. What is AutoFlight trying to do for Prosperity I
A. Obtain a type certificate from the FAA.
B. Have it tested across the sky of America.
C. Tailor a set of rules as soon as possible.
D. Get it approved by European authorities.
15. What is the author’s attitude towards eVTOLs
A. Optimistic. B. Concerned. C. Uncertain. D. Tolerant.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分)
从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Have you ever heard of underwater football Underwater football has been called one of the world’s least-known sports. ___16___ . The game can be enjoyed by anyone of any age and can be played under both indoor and outdoor water surfaces. Underwater football shares some common rules and play elements with other underwater sports like underwater hockey. As with those games, it is played in the deep end of a swimming pool with snorkeling(浮潜)equipment.
The goal of the game is to score a point by placing a ball on the opponents’ side of the pool. The ball can only be possessed by players who completely stay underwater holding their breath. ___17___
Just like on land, underwater football is a game of control and possession. ___18___ . When opposing players are in your space, you need to be able to recognize it quickly and take appropriate action.
___19___ . Each team tries to get their ball into one end zone by either passing or running through underwater obstacles. The first team to reach the endpoint wins! Just five players are on the court at one time, despite each team having 13 players.
To win the ball back or keep it away from your opponents, you must use all your strength and abilities underwater. ___20___ .
A. To play it you need snorkeling equipment.
B. Underwater football involves two teams of five players.
C. The equipment necessary for underwater football isn’t very complex.
D. The ball must be passed or dropped when players go to the surface for air.
E. It is a sport that combines the fundamentals of football with the excitement of diving.
F. To play well, you need to master the basics of spacial awareness and decision-making.
G. All these skills require practice if you want to become an expert at this exciting sport.
第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
You witness a man uses abusive (辱骂的) language towards his mother in a grocery store. Or you hear someone saying something mean to your friend at a party. Both are____21____in which bystander intervention (干预) could make a difference.____22____, however, when____23____with such situation, we may not be sure what to do. You are not alone. “When people are standing in a crowd and something bad happens, they tend to be____24____,” said Alan Berken, an expert on the Bystander Effect.
However, the latest research shows that most people feel willing to help when they can. When they do not help, it is because they____25____do not feel they have the____26____to do so or are unsure about safety. “Actually, you can prepare yourself to be an active bystander by____27____the Four D’s: distract, delegate (委托), delay or document,” says Alan. “An active bystander helps to challenge____28____behavior.”
Distraction is a good start. Take the case of the man abusing his mother in the grocery store, don’t give the man a face-to-face blame, instead an active bystander can____29____intervene by asking the man how to choose a ripe watermelon. This can help to ease the_____30_____, which may turn the table.
As another_____31_____, you can delegate. While witnessing violence, you can tell someone else to_____32_____the authorities. Thirdly, asking the victim whether there is anything that you can do to help can also_____33_____the upgrading of the situation.
Lastly, you can videotape the behavior with your cellphone. This documenting can be a_____34_____to a would-be perpetrator (作恶者). But you have to be_____35_____not to intervene in a way that could cause harm to you or the victim.
21. A. circumstances B. positions C. surroundings D. locations
22. A. Hopefully B. Thankfully C. Undoubtedly D. Unfortunately
23. A. knocked B. faced C. suffered D. blocked
24. A. at risk B. in anger C. at a loss D. in a hurry
25. A. all B. either C. both D. neither
26. A. talent B. gift C. ability D. habit
27. A. adopting B. adapting C. replacing D. rebuilding
28. A. artificial B. beneficial C. impossible D. improper
29. A. firmly B. indirectly C. severely D. confidently
30. A. topic B. conversation C. atmosphere D. worry
31. A. cause B. option C. reality D. effect
32. A. blame B. fund C. inform D. post
33. A. help B. confirm C. escape D. delay
34. A. tip B. trick C. cheat D. warning
35. A. careful B. nervous C. scared D. worried
第二节(共10小题;每小题1. 5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Have you ever wondered ____36____ we say maidongxi (买东西) instead of mainanbei, and shangcesuo (上厕所) rather than xiacesuo Many Chinese words have directions in them, and there is lots of history and culture ____37____ (hide) behind.
The origin of maidongxi ____38____ (date) back to the Tang Dynasty, when two markets gained ____39____ (popular) in capital Chang’an. One was called the East Market while the other was called the West Market. When shopping, people usually went to the East Market first,____40____then the West Market. This practice gave rise to the term of maidongxi.
Another case is yijian xiangzuo (意见相左).____41____great many Chinese are right-handed, and they may feel ____42____ (convenient) if they use their left hand to write or use chopsticks. Therefore, in ancient Chinese, “left” was easily linked to being different, such as yijian xiangzuo. Likewise, if people don’t accept common ____43____ (belief), we may say they are following pangmen zuodao.
Then came the story of shangcesuo and xiachufang. In ancient times, houses were laid out in a certain way, ____44____gate would face south with a bathroom in the northeastern top and the kitchen in the southeastern bottom. In Chinese, we talk about “the north” as shang and “the south” as xia. So people would say they were going “up” to the bathroom and “down” to the kitchen. Shang and xia also reflect social status. For example, the emperor _____45_____ (call) huangshang and dianxia usually means the prince.
第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假设你是李华，你上周没能参加Jim老师的英语写作课考试，请你写一封信，向老师陈述情况，内容包括：
1.表达歉意；
2.无法参加考试的原因；
3.提出补救办法。
注意：1.词数100左右，可适当增加细节;
2.开头和结尾的称呼已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的故事。
When I looked closely at the face of my 23-year-old son, Brian, in the doorway, we were saying goodbye. In a few hours he would be flying to France. It was a transitional (过渡的) time in Brian’s life, a passage from college into the adult world. I wanted to leave him some words that would have some meaning, some significance beyond the moment. But nothing came from my lips.
No sound broke the stillness of my beachside home. I stood frozen and quiet, looking into the searching eyes of my son, which I knew was not the first time I had let such a moment pass.
When Brian was five, I took him to the school bus stop on his first day of kindergarten. I felt the tension in his hand holding mine as the bus turned the corner. I saw color flush (发红) his cheeks as the bus pulled up. He looked at me—as he did now. “What is it going to be like, Dad Can I do it Will I be OK ” Then he walked up the bus steps and disappeared inside. The bus drove away, and I said nothing.
A decade later, a similar scene played itself out. I drove him to college in Virginia. As I started to make the trip home, I tried to think of something to say to give him courage and confidence as he started this new phase of life. I left, only mumbling (咕哝) “Hope you feel better, Brian.”
I once told Brian about my great regret that I didn’t take a year off to travel. Brian thought about this. After graduation, he worked as a waiter, a bike messenger and a painter. Now he had enough money for Paris. The night before he left, I tossed and turned (辗转难眠) in bed. I was trying to figure out something to say. Nothing came. Maybe it wasn’t necessary to say anything.
How many times have we all let such moments pass What does it matter over the course of a lifetime if a father never tells a son what he really thinks of him
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
But as I stood before Brian, I knew that it does matter.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Hearing this, Brian came toward me and threw his arms around me.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
听力答案：1-20ABACACAACBBCBCBABBAC重庆十一中高2024届高三上12月质量监测
英语试题
第一部分:听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7. 5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。听对话，选择最佳选项。
1.What will the woman fetch
A. A carrot. B. A hat. C. A rabbit.
2.What does Ann think of biking to work
A. It s tiring. B. It s environment-friendly. C. It s comfortable.
3How will Eddy spend his holiday
A. Going on a trip.
B. Learning to dance.
C. Staying with his grandparents.
4.Where is probably the woman now
A. In the living room. B. In the bedroom. C. In the kitchen.
5.What are the speakers mainly talking about
A. The reasons why Juno quit job.
B. The woman s company.
C. The man s boss.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22. 5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给5秒钟的时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6.How does the woman feel about the ending of the movie
A. Bored. B. Puzzled. C. Satisfied.
7.What does the woman want to do next
A. Dine with the man. B. Play basketball. C. Pick a wedding gift.
听第7段材料，回答第8-10题。
8.Who will go to the park with the man
A. The woman. B. Andy. C. George.
9.Why did Jessica go to the airport
A. To pick up her friend. B. To catch her flight. C. To see someone off.
10.What is the weather like today
A. Rainy. B. Sunny. C. Snowy.
听第8段材料，回答第11-13题。
11.Where does the conversation take place
A. On the phone. B. In a language center. C. At the woman s home.
12.How many courses does the woman mention
A. 6. B. 5. C. 4.
13.Which course will Amy take
A. Magic English. B. Magic Growth. C. Magic Conversation.
听第9段材料，回答第14-17题。
14.What time is it now
A 7:30 a.m. B. 8:00 a.m. C. 8:30 a.m.
15What did Eric do last night
A. He worked overtime.
B. He looked after his nephew.
C. He went to a party.
16.What does the woman ask Eric to buy
A. Candles. B. Chocolate. C. Balloons.
17.How will Eric go to the supermarket
A. By bus. B. On foot. C. By car.
听第10段材料，回答第18-20题。
18How were the elephants prevented from escaping
A. By holding them with chains.
B. By tying a rope to one of their legs.
C. By keeping them in cages.
19.Why did the gentleman talk with a trainer
A. To remove his confusion.
B. To learn how to train animals.
C. To know about the camp.
20.What does the speaker try to tell people
A. It s important to learn from successful people.
B. The most difficult thing in life is to know oneself.
C. People should believe in themselves in pursuing dreams.
第二部分:阅读理解
第一节(共15小题;每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分)
A
Undersea Adventures
This unique activity is a must-do and you don’t even need to know how to swim. Walk on the seabed using underwater helmets (头盔) or ride along under the waves on scooters (轻便小车). Children from 1.2 metres tall can walk on the seabed using helmets and the minimum height for the scooters is 1.4 metres tall. It is a unique experience that the whole family can do together. Just book with a deposit (订金) and pay the rest on the day of the activity.
What is included
Pick-up from your hotel in the Ayia Napa/Protaras areas;
All equipment;
Professional instruction, safety briefing and dive guidance;
2.5 hours’ experience including 30 minutes’ diving.
What is not included
Photos of the dive (available to purchase if you’d like);
Snacks and refreshments.
Before you go
You may be required to complete a health questionnaire before you dive;
Minimum age/height requirements: Helmets—width of shoulders 32 cm and height 120 cm, minimum age 6 years old; Scooters—height 140 cm and minimum age 13;
Diving is in small groups of up to 6 people with helmets and up to 4 people on the scooters;
No previous experience is necessary;
Available every morning and afternoon from May to October, weather permitting. Please book at least 48 hours in advance.
Tickets
Scooters cost ?57 and include a deposit of ?12;
Helmets cost ?47 and include a deposit of ?12 (For adults);
Helmets cost ?37 and include a deposit of ?7 (For children);
No paper tickets are required for this tour;
Emergency-contact number will be sent with your confirmation email.
1. What can be learned about the activity
A. It demands full payment in advance. B. It is suitable for children of all ages.
C. It enables tourists to walk or ride underwater. D. It provides free photography services for tourists.
2. What is required of tourists
A. To spend at most 2 hours underwater. B. To book at least two days ahead.
C. To take their own food and drink. D. To have rich experience of diving.
3. How much should a young couple and their kid pay for helmets
A. ?36. B. ?121. C. ?131. D. ?151.
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一个海底探险活动的情况。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Walk on the seabed using underwater helmets (头盔) or ride along under the waves on scooters (轻便小车).(戴着水下头盔在海床上行走，或者骑着滑板车在海浪下骑行)”可知，活动允许游客在水下行走或骑行。故选C。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Before you go部分中“Please book at least 48 hours in advance.(请至少提前48小时预订)”可知，游客需要至少提前两天预订。故选B。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Tickets部分中“Helmets cost ?47 and include a deposit of ?12 (For adults); Helmets cost ?37 and include a deposit of ?7 (For children); (头盔售价47欧元，含12欧元押金（成人）；头盔售价37欧元，包括7欧元押金（儿童）)”可知，一对年轻夫妇和他们的孩子头盔要花47+47+37=?131。故选C。
B
Wendell Berry was almost 30 when he packed up his life as a writer in New York and moved to Port Royal, a tiny community in Kentucky where generations of his forebears (祖先) had farmed the land. His friends thought he was mad. But he felt it was his inner calling to record the history of the place.
Since moving to Port Royal in 1964, he has lived as if he were in the 19th century, writing by hand and ploughing (耕) his fields with horses. His eight novels and more than 50 short stories are usually set in Port William, a stand-in (替身) for Port Royal. Nick Offerman, an actor, wanted to adapt his work for the screen. However, the actor was refused.
In Mr Berry’s opinion, humans must take care of the earth that grants them life. “The soil is the greatest connector of lives,” he has written. “Without proper care for it, we can have no community.” This philosophy dominates his writings. In The Unsettling of America, published in 1977, Mr Berry criticized the natural damage caused by large agribusinesses. He thinks capitalism has separated farming from culture and disconnected people from nature.
Mr Berry’s fiction explores the decline of sociable values by following Port William’s interconnected clans (家族) as they enter the modern age. In Dismemberment, a short story, Andy Catlett loses a hand to a harvesting machine and becomes a loner. He sees his withdrawal is mistaken and reconnects with the town, finding “the wealth of the family history in his ancestral place (祖籍)”. In Hannah Coulter, Mr Berry’s seventh novel, the main character Hannah Coulter grows old after a sad life and anticipates loneliness when her children leave to find work in the city. Instead, her hope is restored when her grandson returns to run the farm.
These stories offer insightful advice for readers living through ecological disaster. Though few can return to farming basics, Mr Berry’s messages of building communities, being a good neighbour and resisting the invitation of modern life are still valuable. Besides, his mission to find the “peace of wild things” is easily completed by spending a few hours in Port William.
4. Why did Mr Berry’s friends regard him as mad
A. He moved to live in the countryside. B. He turned down Offerman’s request.
C. He wrote most of his novels by hand. D. He gave up his career as a writer.
5. What do Mr Berry’s writings often imply
A. The challenges of farming in old days. B. The harmony between man and nature.
C. The real benefits of large agri-businesses. D. The hard lives of his forebears in Kentucky.
6. What do Catlett and Coulter have in common
A. Both admire harvesting machines. B. Both are from the same novel.
C. Both reconnect with the city. D. Both find sociable values again.
7. What would be the best title for the text
A. Wendell Berry: adaptation to new environments B. Wendell Berry: a strong voice for modern farming
C. Wendell Berry: journey to his shining rural tales D. Wendell Berry: a young productive writer
【答案】4. A 5. B 6. D 7. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了Wendell Berry搬到农村去住，他觉得记录这个地方的历史是他内心的召唤。在此期间他创作了许多作品，在贝里先生看来，人类必须爱护赋予他们生命的地球。他认为资本主义使农业与文化分离，使人与自然分离。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Wendell Berry was almost 30 when he packed up his life as a writer in New York and moved to Port Royal, a tiny community in Kentucky where generations of his forebears (祖先) had farmed the land. His friends thought he was mad.(Wendell Berry快30岁时结束了他在纽约作家生涯，搬到了肯塔基州的一个小社区——罗亚尔港，他的祖先几代人都在这里耕种。他的朋友们都认为他疯了)”可知，贝里先生的朋友们认为他疯了因为他搬到农村去住了。故选A。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“In The Unsettling of America, published in 1977, Mr Berry criticized the natural damage caused by large agribusinesses. He thinks capitalism has separated farming from culture and disconnected people from nature.(在1977年出版的《美国的不安》一书中，贝瑞批评了大型农业综合企业造成的自然破坏。他认为资本主义使农业与文化分离，使人与自然分离)”可知，贝里先生的作品通常暗示了人与自然的和谐。故选B。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“In Dismemberment, a short story, Andy Catlett loses a hand to a harvesting machine and becomes a loner. He sees his withdrawal is mistaken and reconnects with the town, finding “the wealth of the family history in his ancestral place (祖籍)”. In Hannah Coulter, Mr Berry’s seventh novel, the main character Hannah Coulter grows old after a sad life and anticipates loneliness when her children leave to find work in the city. Instead, her hope is restored when her grandson returns to run the farm.(在短篇小说《肢解》中，安迪·卡特利特被收割机夺去了一只手，成为了一个孤独的人。他发现自己的撤退是错误的，并重新与小镇联系起来，发现“祖籍的家族历史财富”。在贝瑞先生的第七部小说《汉娜·库尔特》中，主人公汉娜·库尔特在经历了一段悲伤的生活后变老，并预料到当她的孩子们去城市找工作时，她会感到孤独。相反，当她的孙子回来经营农场时，她的希望又恢复了)”可知，卡特利特和库尔特的共同点在于两者都重新找到了社交价值。故选D。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段“These stories offer insightful advice for readers living through ecological disaster. Though few can return to farming basics, Mr Berry’s messages of building communities, being a good neighbour and resisting the invitation of modern life are still valuable. Besides, his mission to find the “peace of wild things” is easily completed by spending a few hours in Port William.(这些故事为生活在生态灾难中的读者提供了深刻的建议。虽然很少有人能回到农耕的基础，但贝瑞先生所传达的建立社区、做一个好邻居以及抵制现代生活邀请的信息仍然很有价值。此外，他的使命是寻找“野生动物的宁静”，只需在威廉港呆上几个小时就能轻松完成)”结合文章主要讲述了Wendell Berry搬到农村去住，他觉得记录这个地方的历史是他内心的召唤。在此期间他创作了许多作品，在贝里先生看来，人类必须爱护赋予他们生命的地球。他认为资本主义使农业与文化分离，使人与自然分离。可知，C选项“温德尔·贝里：他光辉的乡村故事之旅”最符合文章标题。故选C。
C
Zoologists track animals using global-positioning-system(GPS)tags(标签) which then return their data via satellite. Marine(海洋的)biologists have a harder time of it, though, because radio signals can’t pass through seawater. This makes it impossible either to receive GPS signals or to send any data collected back to base.
That does not stop people tagging sea creatures. Data collected and stored in a tag can be sent to a satellite in bursts if the species in question is one that comes to the surface from time to time. A tag may also be recovered if the animal carrying it is caught by a fishing boat. Fisherfolk are typically paid a few hundred dollars per tag returned to its home laboratory.
None of these methods, though, keeps accurate track of where the animal carrying the tag has been. For these and other reasons, it would therefore be useful to have a marine equivalent of GPS. And one is now being employed. The Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, in Massachusetts, hopes to fill the seas with sonic beacons(声波信标) that will play the role of GPS satellites.
The sea is divided into distinct layers that have different temperatures. During the Second World War, American scientists showed that some of these layers act as sonic waveguides. They called them “sound fixing and ranging” (sofar) channels. Sound sent out in one of these channels echoes(回响) between the layers above and below, thus staying in the channel. Thus constrained(被约束)，a sound wave can travel hundreds of kilometers before it becomes too weak to detect.
The sofar transmitters from Woods Hole are usually at an appropriate depth for the channel concerned. Every 12 hours they broadcast a 32-second-long location signal known as a pong. Pongs are so called because they are similar to sonar “pings”, but of lower frequency. In typical conditions a pong can be picked up 1,000 km away. By listening to the pongs from several beacons a receiver can calculate its location. Existing receivers for the two sofar transmitters are currently carried on free-floating instrument packs. But the plan is to have two more transmitters this year, and more in future years.
8. Which sea creatures can GPS tags be applied to
A. Those feeding on other sea animals.
B. Those following fishing boats constantly.
C. Those coming out of the sea sometimes.
D. Those swimming deep under the water.
9. Why do sofar channels function
A. The echoes among them are weak.
B. The water has a high temperature over there.
C. The layers among them are quite similar.
D. The sound remains there and stays strong for a while.
10. What makes pings different from pongs
A. Pings are of higher frequency.
B. Pings can travel faster than pongs.
C. Pings can be received 1,000 km away.
D. Pings are broadcasted every 32 seconds.
11. What would be the best title for the text
A. Tags for sea creatures
B. “GPS” for the oceans
C. Strange deep sea creatures
D. Data from distant satellites
【答案】8. C 9. D 10. A 11. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是一项新的发明，用声波信标扮演GPS卫星的角色来定位海洋生物的位置。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“That does not stop people tagging sea creatures. Data collected and stored in a tag can be sent to a satellite in bursts if the species in question is one that comes to the surface from time to time.(这并不能阻止人们给海洋生物贴上标签。如果有问题的物种是经常出现在水面上的物种，那么收集和存储在标签中的数据可以被发送到卫星上。)”可知，有问题的海洋生物如果时常出现在海洋表面就可以使用GPS卫星定位位置。故选C项。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中的“They called them “sound fixing and ranging” (sofar) channels. Sound sent out in one of these channels echoes(回响) between the layers above and below, thus staying in the channel. Thus constrained(被约束), a sound wave can travel hundreds of kilometers before it becomes too weak to detect.(他们称之为“声音定位和测距”(Sofar)频道。在其中一个通道中发出的声音会在上下两层之间产生回声，从而留在通道中。在这样的约束下，声波可以传播数百公里，然后变得太弱而无法探测。)”可知，在一个通道中发出的声音会在两层之间产生回声，这样，声音就可以停留一段时间，直到声音变弱而消失，所以sofar channels能运行是因为声音能停留并保持强烈信号一段时间，故选D项。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Pongs are so called because they are similar to sonar “pings”, but of lower frequency.(之所以被称为Pongs，是因为它们类似于声纳“ping”，但频率较低。)”可知，pangs与声纳pings相似，但是pangs的频率略低，也就是说pings的频率较高。故选A项。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据首段中的“Marine(海洋的)biologists have a harder time of it, though, because radio signals can’t pass through seawater. This makes it impossible either to receive GPS signals or to send any data collected back to base.(然而，海洋生物学家的日子就不好过了，因为无线电信号不能穿过海水。这使得接收GPS信号或将收集到的任何数据发送回基地变得不可能。)”可知，使用GPS卫星定位信号给动物定位有效，但是对海洋生物是无效的，从而引出本文的话题，根据第三段中的“For these and other reasons, it would therefore be useful to have a marine equivalent of GPS. And one is now being employed. The Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, in Massachusetts, hopes to fill the seas with sonic beacons(声波信标) that will play the role of GPS satellites.(因此，基于这些和其他原因，拥有一个航海版的GPS将是有用的。现在有一个人被雇佣了。马萨诸塞州的伍兹霍尔海洋研究所(Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution)希望用声波信标填满海洋，它将扮演GPS卫星的角色。)”可知，未解决使用GPS无法定位海洋生物的问题，马萨诸塞州的海洋生物研究所采用声波信标发挥GPS卫星的作用，结合下文对该技术的介绍和分析可知，本文主要讲述的是海洋生物的GPS，所以选择“海洋的“全球定位系统”作为标题，概括了文章的主题。故选B项。
”
D
“This is the next revolution in flying,” says Mark Henning, European managing director of AutoFlight, a Chinese firm. Mr Henning is not alone in betting that electric vertical (垂直的) take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft have a bright future. The idea is that, being simpler, cheaper, greener and quieter than traditional helicopters (直升机), eVTOLs will be well suited to operate short-range passenger services across large urban areas, such as flying people between airports and city centres.
Now, Mr Henning is setting up an operation at Augsburg Airport in Germany to further the development of Prosperity I, the company’s air taxi. Prosperity I can seat three passengers and a pilot. It is a hybrid between a helicopter and a fixed-wing plane. It takes off and lands vertically, using multiple rotors (旋翼), but these are switched off when it is in full flight. At that point a “pusher” propeller (螺旋桨) at the back takes over, to provide forward drive, and thus lift via the wings. This arrangement makes better use of the aircraft’s battery, giving Prosperity I a range of some 250 km.
A model will be test-flown in Germany in order to obtain what is known as a type certificate from the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA). This signifies the airworthiness of a new aircraft. Although AutoFlight is also seeking certification in China, the company thinks the addition of European approval will help speed the machine’s entry into service in other markets, too. It hopes to complete the approval process by 2025.
There is uncertainty about how the rules will differ from place to place. Nonetheless, enough regulatory progress has been made. In America, Joby Aviation hopes next year to become the first to obtain a type certificate from the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). In Europe, Volocopter, a German firm, hopes to provide air-taxi services for the 2024 Olympic Games in Paris.
It is not only new firms which are getting into the business. Airbus is developing ideas for eVTOLs. So is Boeing. With so much effort and money going into this new form of air travel, some of these birds will surely be flying soon.
12. Which of the following can replace the underline word “hybrid” in Paragraph 2
A. Symbol. B. Mixture. C. Concept. D. Application.
13. What is special about Prosperity I
A. It has no wings or rotors.
B. It can hold three people at most.
C. It is energy-efficient during its flight.
D. It has a top speed of 250 km per hour on land.
14. What is AutoFlight trying to do for Prosperity I
A. Obtain a type certificate from the FAA.
B. Have it tested across the sky of America.
C. Tailor a set of rules as soon as possible.
D. Get it approved by European authorities.
15. What is the author’s attitude towards eVTOLs
A. Optimistic. B. Concerned. C. Uncertain. D. Tolerant.
【答案】12. B 13. C 14. D 15. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了飞行领域的下一次革命——电动垂直起降飞机，它更简单、更便宜、更环保、更安静，将非常适合在大城市地区执行短途客运服务。
【12题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段中“It takes off and lands vertically, using multiple rotors (旋翼), but these are switched off when it is in full flight. At that point a “pusher” propeller (螺旋桨) at the back takes over, to provide forward drive, and thus lift via the wings. (它使用多个旋翼垂直起飞和降落，但这些旋翼在全速飞行时会关闭。此时，后部的“推进器”螺旋桨接管，提供向前的驱动力，从而通过机翼升力)”可知，eVTOLs兼具直升机和固定翼飞机的部分特点。由此推断，划线单词的意思与“混合”或“兼具”相似。故选B项。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据原文第二段中“It is a hybrid between a helicopter and a fixed-wing plane. It takes off and lands vertically, using multiple rotors (旋翼), but these are switched off when it is in full flight. At that point a “pusher” propeller (螺旋桨) at the back takes over, to provide forward drive, and thus lift via the wings. (它是直升机和固定翼飞机的混合体。它使用多个旋翼垂直起飞和降落，但这些旋翼在全速飞行时会关闭。此时，后部的“推进器”螺旋桨接管，提供向前的驱动力，从而通过机翼升力)”可推知，Prosperity I的特别之处在于它在飞行中是节能的，故选C项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“A model will be test-flown in Germany in order to obtain what is known as a type certificate from the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA). (一个模型将在德国进行试飞，以获得欧盟航空安全局的型号证书)”可推知，AutoFlight公司为了发展Prosperity I，正在努力获得欧盟航空安全局的型号证书，也就是希望得到欧洲当局者的批准。故选D项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“It is not only new firms which are getting into the business. Airbus is developing ideas for eVTOLs. So is Boeing. With so much effort and money going into this new form of air travel, some of these birds will surely be flying soon. (不仅仅是新公司进入这一行业，空客也在开发eVTOLs的想法，波音也是如此。随着如此多的努力和资金投入到这种新型的空中旅行中，其中一些飞机肯定很快就会飞起来)”可推知，作者对eVTOLs持乐观态度。故选A项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分)
从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Have you ever heard of underwater football Underwater football has been called one of the world’s least-known sports. ___16___ . The game can be enjoyed by anyone of any age and can be played under both indoor and outdoor water surfaces. Underwater football shares some common rules and play elements with other underwater sports like underwater hockey. As with those games, it is played in the deep end of a swimming pool with snorkeling(浮潜)equipment.
The goal of the game is to score a point by placing a ball on the opponents’ side of the pool. The ball can only be possessed by players who completely stay underwater holding their breath. ___17___
Just like on land, underwater football is a game of control and possession. ___18___ . When opposing players are in your space, you need to be able to recognize it quickly and take appropriate action.
___19___ . Each team tries to get their ball into one end zone by either passing or running through underwater obstacles. The first team to reach the endpoint wins! Just five players are on the court at one time, despite each team having 13 players.
To win the ball back or keep it away from your opponents, you must use all your strength and abilities underwater. ___20___ .
A. To play it you need snorkeling equipment.
B. Underwater football involves two teams of five players.
C. The equipment necessary for underwater football isn’t very complex.
D. The ball must be passed or dropped when players go to the surface for air.
E. It is a sport that combines the fundamentals of football with the excitement of diving.
F. To play well, you need to master the basics of spacial awareness and decision-making.
G. All these skills require practice if you want to become an expert at this exciting sport.
【答案】16. E 17. D 18. F 19. B 20. G
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了水下足球的相关知识。
【16题详解】
根据空前“Have you ever heard of underwater football Underwater football has been called one of the world’s least-known sports.(你听说过水下足球吗 水下足球被称为世界上最不为人知的运动之一。)”以及“The game can be enjoyed by anyone of any age and can be played under both indoor and outdoor water surfaces.(任何年龄的人都可以玩这个游戏，可以在室内和室外的水面下玩。)”可知空前以及空后都是介绍水下足球的相关知识。选项E“It is a sport that combines the fundamentals of football with the excitement of diving.(它是一项结合了足球的基本原理和跳水的刺激的运动。)”介绍的也是水下足球的相关知识，符合上下文内容。故选E。
【17题详解】
根据空前内容“The goal of the game is to score a point by placing a ball on the opponents’ side of the pool. The ball can only be possessed by players who completely stay underwater holding their breath.(游戏的目标是通过将球放在对手的泳池一侧来得分。只有完全呆在水下屏住呼吸的球员才能拥有球。)”可知，上文主要讲述了比赛的得分的规则。选项D“The ball must be passed or dropped when players go to the surface for air.(当球员到地面换气时，球必须被传递或落下。)”延续上文内容，仍然讲述了水下足球的规则。故选D。
【18题详解】
根据空前内容“Just like on land, underwater football is a game of control and possession.(就像在陆地上一样，水下足球是一场控制和控球的比赛。)”可知，上文主要介绍了水下足球需要控场和控球。选项F“To play well, you need to master the basics of spacial awareness and decision-making.(要想打得好，你需要掌握基本的空间意识和决策能力。)”则承接上文，解释了控场和控球所需要的能力，同时与下文“When opposing players are in your space, you need to be able to recognize it quickly and take appropriate action.(当对方球员进入你的空间时，你需要能够迅速识别并采取适当的行动。)”内容一致。故选F。
【19题详解】
空处为段首句，内容上需要引领本段，或为本段主要内容。根据下文内容“Each team tries to get their ball into one end zone by either passing or running through underwater obstacles. The first team to reach the endpoint wins! Just five players are on the court at one time, despite each team having 13 players.(每支球队都试图通过传球或穿越水下障碍物将球送入一个终点区。第一个到达终点的队伍获胜!尽管每支球队有13名球员，但每次只有5名球员在场上。)”可知，本段主要讲解了水下足球队伍的相关内容。选项B“Underwater football involves two teams of five players.(水下足球包括两队，每队5名队员。)”引出下文内容。故选B。
【20题详解】
根据空前内容“To win the ball back or keep it away from your opponents, you must use all your strength and abilities underwater.(为了赢回球或让它远离你的对手，你必须在水下使用你所有的力量和能力。)”可知，上文讲述的是想要赢球，你需要使用所有的力量和能力。选项G“All these skills require practice if you want to become an expert at this exciting sport.(如果你想成为这项令人兴奋的运动的专家，所有这些技能都需要练习。)”与上文内容一致，指的都是想要赢得比赛，成为该运动的专家，你需要练习所有技能。故选G。
第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
You witness a man uses abusive (辱骂的) language towards his mother in a grocery store. Or you hear someone saying something mean to your friend at a party. Both are____21____in which bystander intervention (干预) could make a difference.____22____, however, when____23____with such situation, we may not be sure what to do. You are not alone. “When people are standing in a crowd and something bad happens, they tend to be____24____,” said Alan Berken, an expert on the Bystander Effect.
However, the latest research shows that most people feel willing to help when they can. When they do not help, it is because they____25____do not feel they have the____26____to do so or are unsure about safety. “Actually, you can prepare yourself to be an active bystander by____27____the Four D’s: distract, delegate (委托), delay or document,” says Alan. “An active bystander helps to challenge____28____behavior.”
Distraction is a good start. Take the case of the man abusing his mother in the grocery store, don’t give the man a face-to-face blame, instead an active bystander can____29____intervene by asking the man how to choose a ripe watermelon. This can help to ease the_____30_____, which may turn the table.
As another_____31_____, you can delegate. While witnessing violence, you can tell someone else to_____32_____the authorities. Thirdly, asking the victim whether there is anything that you can do to help can also_____33_____the upgrading of the situation.
Lastly, you can videotape the behavior with your cellphone. This documenting can be a_____34_____to a would-be perpetrator (作恶者). But you have to be_____35_____not to intervene in a way that could cause harm to you or the victim.
21. A. circumstances B. positions C. surroundings D. locations
22. A. Hopefully B. Thankfully C. Undoubtedly D. Unfortunately
23. A. knocked B. faced C. suffered D. blocked
24. A. at risk B. in anger C. at a loss D. in a hurry
25. A. all B. either C. both D. neither
26. A. talent B. gift C. ability D. habit
27. A. adopting B. adapting C. replacing D. rebuilding
28. A. artificial B. beneficial C. impossible D. improper
29. A. firmly B. indirectly C. severely D. confidently
30. A. topic B. conversation C. atmosphere D. worry
31. A. cause B. option C. reality D. effect
32. A. blame B. fund C. inform D. post
33. A. help B. confirm C. escape D. delay
34. A. tip B. trick C. cheat D. warning
35. A. careful B. nervous C. scared D. worried
【答案】21. A 22. D 23. B 24. C 25. B 26. C 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. C 31. B 32. C 33. D 34. D 35. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要以“公共场合干预不当行为”这一话题进行了论述。其实，大部分人是愿意在力所能及的范围内提供帮助的，而没能提供帮助要么能力不足，要么并不安全。同时，人们可以通过采用四个D来让自己成为一个积极的旁观者：分散注意力、委托、拖延或记录。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这两种情况下，旁观者干预可能会产生影响。A. circumstances环境，状况；B. positions职位，社会地位；C. surroundings周遭环境；D. locations地点。分析语境可知，主语“Both”指代前文“You witness a man uses abusive language towards his mother in a grocery store. Or you hear someone saying something mean to your friend at a party.”提及的两种状况，因此，该空应是“circumstances(状况)”。故选A项。
【22题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意： 然而，令人遗憾的是，当面对这种情况时，我们可能不知道该怎么做。A. Hopefully有希望地；B. Thankfully感激地，幸亏；C. Undoubtedly确实地，无庸置疑地；D. Unfortunately不幸地，遗憾地。根据前文“Both are ____1____ in which bystander intervention could make a difference.”可知，旁观者在这样的情况下进行干预可以产生影响，而后文“we may not be sure what to do”则说，现实生活中，旁观者可能并不知道该怎么办，无法起到帮助，这是令人感到遗憾的。故选D项。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，令人遗憾的是，当面对这种情况时，我们可能不知道该怎么做。A. knocked敲击；B. faced面对；C. suffered遭受，受苦；D. blocked阻塞，挡住。与前文“You witness…”，“you hear…”表达同一个语境，这里应是“面对”。“(be) faced with”意为“面对”，符合语境。故选B项。
【24题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：“当人们站在人群中，不好的事情发生时，他们往往会不知所措，”旁观者效应专家艾伦·伯肯说。A. at risk处于危险或风险之中；B. in anger愤怒地；C. at a loss困惑、不知所措；D. in a hurry匆忙地。分析语境“You are not alone.”可知，这里“they tend to be ____4____”与前文“we may not be sure what to do”为同义表达，因此，所选短语表达“不知道怎么做”含义，即，“at a loss”。故选C项。
【25题详解】
考查不定代词词义辨析和连词词义辨析。句意：当他们不提供帮助时，这是因为他们要么觉得自己没有能力这样做，要么不确定安全。A. all全部；B. either（两者中的）任何一个，或者，要么；C. both两个都；D. neither两者都不。分析语法可知，后文有“or”，因此，这里应是“either…or…”，意为“要么……要么……”，用于文中表达两种可能的原因。故选B项。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当他们不提供帮助时，这是因为他们要么觉得自己没有能力这样做，要么不确定安全。A. talent天赋，才能；B. gift礼物，天赋；C. ability能力；D. habit习惯。根据前文“However, the latest research shows that most people feel willing to help when they can.”可知，大多数人愿意在力所能及的时候给与帮助，由此可推知，如果没能帮助，有可能是不在能力范围之内。“have the ability to do”，意为“有能力做”，符合语境。故选C项。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：艾伦说：“实际上，你可以通过采用四个D来让自己成为一个积极的旁观者：分散注意力、委托、拖延或记录。”A. adopting领养，采用；B. adapting适应，改编；C. replacing取代，代替；D. rebuilding重建，使复原。分析可知，“the Four D’s: distract, delegate, delay or document(四个D：分散注意力、委托、拖延或记录)”是做干预的方法，因此，这里应是“采用，采纳”。故选A项。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“积极的旁观者有助于挑战不当行为。”A. artificial假的，人工的；B. beneficial有益的；C. impossible不可能的；D. improper不合适的，不正当的。分析可知，这里的“behavior(行为)”是以前文“You witness a man uses abusive language towards his mother in a grocery store. Or you hear someone saying something mean to your friend at a party.”为代表的不当行为。故选D项。
【29题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：以男子在杂货店辱骂母亲为例，不要当面指责男子，相反，一个积极的旁观者可以通过询问男子如何选择成熟的西瓜来间接干预。A. firmly坚定地，坚固地；B. indirectly间接地；C. severely非常严重地，严厉地；D. confidently自信地，安心地。分析可知，“instead”表达转折含义，因此，与前文“a face-to-face blame(面对面的指责)”提及的“面对面，直接”相反，这里应是“间接干预”。故选B项。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这有助于缓和气氛，这可能会扭转局面。A. topic话题；B. conversation对话，交谈；C. atmosphere氛围，气氛；D. worry担心，忧虑。根据动词“ease”意为“缓和”含义可推知，这里表达“缓和氛围”，即，旁观者的间接干预转换成了一个相对轻松的话题，起到缓和氛围的作用。故选C项。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为另一种选择，你可以委托。A. cause原因；B. option选择，选择权；C. reality现实，实际经历；D. effect效果。根据前文“Actually, you can prepare yourself to be an active bystander by ____7____ the Four D’s: distract, delegate, delay or document”提出了四种干预手段，“you can delegate(你可以委托)”是其中一种选择。故选B项。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在目睹暴力事件时，你可以告诉其他人通知官方机构。A. blame责备，把……归咎于；B. fund为……提供资金；C. inform通知；D. post寄，邮寄。根据语境“the authorities(官方机构)”并结合常识“可以报警”可推知，这里应是委托其他人去通知有关官方机构进行干预。故选C项。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：第三，询问受害者是否有什么可以帮助的，也会推迟局势的升级。A. help帮助，帮忙；B. confirm证明，确认；C. escape逃脱，逃避；D. delay耽搁，延误。根据句首“Thirdly(第三)”以及后文“Lastly, you can videotape the behavior with your cellphone.”讲到了最后一个干预方法可推知，这里讲述的是第三种干预方法“delay”。故选D项。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些记录可以对潜在的作恶者发出警告。A. tip诀窍，小费；B. trick诡计，恶作剧；C. cheat骗子，欺骗手段；D. warning警告。根据前文“Lastly, you can videotape the behavior with your cellphone.”可推知，记录下来的不当行为可以作为对作恶者的警告。故选D项。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但你必须小心，不要以可能对你或受害者造成伤害的方式进行干预。A. careful小心的，认真的；B. nervous紧张的，不安的；C. scared害怕的，恐惧的；D. worried担心的，担忧的。根据后文“not to intervene in a way that could cause harm to you or the victim”可知，不能以使事态恶化进行干预，因此，干预时要小心，谨慎。故选A项。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1. 5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Have you ever wondered ____36____ we say maidongxi (买东西) instead of mainanbei, and shangcesuo (上厕所) rather than xiacesuo Many Chinese words have directions in them, and there is lots of history and culture ____37____ (hide) behind.
The origin of maidongxi ____38____ (date) back to the Tang Dynasty, when two markets gained ____39____ (popular) in capital Chang’an. One was called the East Market while the other was called the West Market. When shopping, people usually went to the East Market first,____40____then the West Market. This practice gave rise to the term of maidongxi.
Another case is yijian xiangzuo (意见相左).____41____great many Chinese are right-handed, and they may feel ____42____ (convenient) if they use their left hand to write or use chopsticks. Therefore, in ancient Chinese, “left” was easily linked to being different, such as yijian xiangzuo. Likewise, if people don’t accept common ____43____ (belief), we may say they are following pangmen zuodao.
Then came the story of shangcesuo and xiachufang. In ancient times, houses were laid out in a certain way, ____44____gate would face south with a bathroom in the northeastern top and the kitchen in the southeastern bottom. In Chinese, we talk about “the north” as shang and “the south” as xia. So people would say they were going “up” to the bathroom and “down” to the kitchen. Shang and xia also reflect social status. For example, the emperor _____45_____ (call) huangshang and dianxia usually means the prince.
【答案】36. why
37. hidden 38. dates
39. popularity
40. and 41. A
42. inconvenient
43. beliefs
44. whose 45. is called
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要就汉语的一些习惯表达说明了背后的历史渊源。
【36题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：你有没有想过为什么我们说买东西而不是买南北，说上厕所而不是下厕所？引导宾语从句，从句缺少原因状语，故用why。故填why。
【37题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：许多汉语单词都有方向，背后隐藏着许多历史和文化。分析句子结构可知hide与逻辑主语history and culture构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填hidden。
【38题详解】
考查时态。句意：买东西的起源可以追溯到唐朝，当时有两个市场在首都长安流行起来。陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为The origin of maidongxi，谓语用三单形式。故填dates。
【39题详解】
考查名词。句意：买东西的起源可以追溯到唐朝，当时有两个市场在首都长安流行起来。作动词的宾语，应用名词popularity，不可数。故填popularity。
40题详解】
考查连词。句意：购物时，人们通常先去东市场，然后去西市场。结合前后文语境可知为并列关系，应用连词and。故填and。
【41题详解】
考查冠词。句意：很多中国人是右撇子，如果用左手写字或用筷子，他们可能会觉得不方便。表示“很多”短语为a great many，首字母大写。故填A。
【42题详解】
考查形容词。句意：很多中国人是右撇子，如果用左手写字或用筷子，他们可能会觉得不方便。作表语，应用形容词inconvenient。故填inconvenient。
【43题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：同样地，如果人们不接受共同的信念，我们可以说他们是旁门左道。belief为可数名词，前文没有冠词表示数量大于一应用复数形式。故填beliefs。
【44题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：在古代，房屋有一定的布局，大门朝南，浴室在东北的顶部，厨房在东南的底部。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词houses，关系词在从句作定语，应用whose。故填whose。
【45题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：例如，皇帝被称为皇上，殿下通常是指王子。主语与谓语构成被动关系，根据后文dianxia usually means the prince可知为一般现在时的被动语态，主语为emperor，谓语用单数。故填is called。
第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假设你是李华，你上周没能参加Jim老师的英语写作课考试，请你写一封信，向老师陈述情况，内容包括：
1.表达歉意；
2.无法参加考试的原因；
3.提出补救办法。
注意：1.词数100左右，可适当增加细节;
2.开头和结尾的称呼已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
I am indeed very sorry that I missed the examination on English Writing you organized last Friday. I feel terrible about it and want to explain what happened that day.
I suddenly fell sick early that morning and my parents had to take me to the hospital. The doctor examined me and said I had a bad cold. Please find enclosed a copy of the medical bill. I sincerely hope you could understand my situation and accept my apology.
I would appreciate your allowing me to take a make-up examination. I will come to your office and look forward to the make-up exam.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生假设是李华，你上周没能参加Jim老师的英语写作课考试，请你写一封信，向老师陈述情况
【详解】1.词汇积累
确实：indeed→truly
解释：explain→illustrate
附上：enclosed→attached
真诚地：sincerely→heartfeltly
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：I suddenly fell sick early that morning and my parents had to take me to the hospital.
拓展句：My parents took me to the hospital because I suddenly fell sick early that morning.
【点睛】[高分句型1] I am indeed very sorry that I missed the examination on English Writing you organized last Friday. (运用了that引导宾语从句)
[高分句型2] I feel terrible about it and want to explain what happened that day. (运用了what引导宾语从句)
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的故事。
When I looked closely at the face of my 23-year-old son, Brian, in the doorway, we were saying goodbye. In a few hours he would be flying to France. It was a transitional (过渡的) time in Brian’s life, a passage from college into the adult world. I wanted to leave him some words that would have some meaning, some significance beyond the moment. But nothing came from my lips.
No sound broke the stillness of my beachside home. I stood frozen and quiet, looking into the searching eyes of my son, which I knew was not the first time I had let such a moment pass.
When Brian was five, I took him to the school bus stop on his first day of kindergarten. I felt the tension in his hand holding mine as the bus turned the corner. I saw color flush (发红) his cheeks as the bus pulled up. He looked at me—as he did now. “What is it going to be like, Dad Can I do it Will I be OK ” Then he walked up the bus steps and disappeared inside. The bus drove away, and I said nothing.
A decade later, a similar scene played itself out. I drove him to college in Virginia. As I started to make the trip home, I tried to think of something to say to give him courage and confidence as he started this new phase of life. I left, only mumbling (咕哝) “Hope you feel better, Brian.”
I once told Brian about my great regret that I didn’t take a year off to travel. Brian thought about this. After graduation, he worked as a waiter, a bike messenger and a painter. Now he had enough money for Paris. The night before he left, I tossed and turned (辗转难眠) in bed. I was trying to figure out something to say. Nothing came. Maybe it wasn’t necessary to say anything.
How many times have we all let such moments pass What does it matter over the course of a lifetime if a father never tells a son what he really thinks of him
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
But as I stood before Brian, I knew that it does matter.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Hearing this, Brian came toward me and threw his arms around me.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】范文
But as I stood before Brian, I knew that it does matter. These moments are precious, and they should not be wasted. I took a deep breath and looked my son in the eye. “Brian, I’m proud of you,” I said. “You’ve grown into a remarkable young man, and I know you’re going to do great things in life. I love you, and I’ll always be here for you, no matter what happens.”
Hearing this, Brian came toward me and threw his arms around me. We hugged for a long time, neither of us wanting to let go. “Thanks, Dad,” he said. “That means a lot to me.” I felt a sense of relief wash over me. I had finally taken the opportunity to tell my son how I felt, and I knew it was a moment we would both treasure forever. As Brian left for France, I knew he would take those words with him wherever he went. And I hoped that, one day, he would have the chance to pass on that same message to his own son. Because in the end, it’s the little things that matter most — the words we say, the moments we share, and the love that we give.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者的儿子布莱恩即将去法国了，作者想说一些有意义的话，但想不出该说什么。最终作者向儿子表达了自己对他的支持，儿子也明白了父亲的爱。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“但当我站在布莱恩面前时，我知道这很重要”可知，第一段可描写作者向儿子表达了自己对他的支持。
②由第二段首句内容“听到这些，布莱恩向我走来，伸出双臂搂住了我”可知，第二段可描写父亲拥抱以及作者的感悟。
2.续写线索：站在儿子面前——意识到时刻宝贵——表达对儿子的感受——父子拥抱——父子相惜——父亲感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①传递：pass on/pass down
②拥抱：hug/embrace
③抓住机会：take the opportunity /seize the chance
情绪类
①宝贵：precious /valuable
②以……为骄傲：be proud of/take pride in
【点睛】[高分句型1] I love you, and I’ll always be here for you, no matter what happens. (运用了让步状语从句)
[高分句型2] And I hoped that, one day, he would have the chance to pass on that same message to his own son. (运用了that引导宾语从句)
听力答案：1-20ABACACAACBBCBCBABBAC
