Module 4 Languages of the World 模块教学详案

Module 4 Languages of the World
I. 模块教学目标
II. 目标语言
功能句式 Refer to the topic With reference to …I was interested to read about …Give your opinionI agree / disagree with … that …It’s true / that …In my opinion …I think …It isn’t true to say that …Sum up your opinion So, …In conclusion, …
词汇 四会词汇 overtak ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e, expand, tr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )end, definition, outlook, bleak, enthusiasm, inquiry, distort, extract, ornament 认读词汇 mandarin, Muslim, cer ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )emonial, counsel, document, scholar, flashy, deputy, virus, worm, avalanche, attachment词组 apart from, under the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) control of , more or less, be based on, on average, refer to… as, make up, in addition to, be known as, get away from, get off, care for, make sense of, by the time, at least, have sth done, from generation to generation, no matter how (what, where, when) find out, as long as, be identical to, the other way around, die out, sum up, in conclusion, that is, free oneself from sth重点词汇 discourse, execute, marshalling, sloth, attention, bound, crafty, confute, swallow, diligence digest, distill, infect
重点句子 1. It is esti ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mated ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )that more than 375 million people speak English as a first language, with possibly another 375 million speaking it as a second language.2. About 900 year ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s ago, Portuguese was only spoken in Portugal, which was then under the control of its neighboring country, Spain.3. Indonesian is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )actually one of many dialects of Malay, but they are all more or less based on the same root language.4. Often called the mo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )st romantic language in the world, French used to be the language of diplomats.5. Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability.6. Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man.
III. 教材分析与重组
1. 教材分析
本模块围绕“世界语言”这 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )一话题展开，旨在让学生了解世界上各种语言的发展和使用情况、语言特征以及语言之间的差异，并能就如何对待语言消失或灭绝的问题发表自己的观点。课本简要介绍了世界上十种使用最广泛的语言、濒临灭绝的语言以及网络时代语言的发展与产生的问题，要求学生能在学习这些材料的基础上，就自己母语的语言特征、与其它语言相同之处、差异何在等方面做一个报告。
INTRODUCTION设计了三个内容：
1通过词汇释义及问答形式学习相关词汇；
2就语言和语言学习问题展开讨论；
3要求阅读后面短文并回答问题。旨在使学生通过学习形成对语言的初步了解。
READINGAND VOCABULA ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )RY对Putonghua, English, Hindustani, Spanish, Russia等世界上使用最为广泛的十种语言就其使用范围、语言特征等方面作了简要介绍，要求学生在阅读短文的基础上，完成答问、填空、选择等任务。
LANGUAGE IN USE（1）重点学习get / got, have / has, not的用法；
LISTENING AND VOCABULARY 通过听力、讨论、选择等形式学习外来词的有关知识。
READING AND SPEAKIN ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )G介绍了语言的消失与灭绝问题以及因此而造成的对人类文明的影响。课本设计了五个活动内容。1以答问形式预测文章内容、推测图片中人物所使用语言种类；2根据短文内容选择正确的陈述；3改写句子；4小组讨论，回答问题；5根据提示问题罗列自己知道的外来词。
LANGUAGE IN USE（2）重点学习some / any, than, but用法。
PRESETATION SKILL ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )S阅读一封写给某报社的信，完成回答问题、划出信件中重点句子等任务，然后根据提示练习写一封信，就上述范文中观点提出反面意见。
READING PRACTICE介绍了英 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )国哲学家、政治家培根的生平及作品，并节选了其作品《论学习》中的部分内容供学生阅读，并根据短文内容完成7项任务。
CULTURAL CORNER介绍了计算机病毒的有关知识及过去曾出现过的几种病毒。
TASK利用小组活动形式完成介绍母语语言特征、与其它语言异同点的报告。
MODULE FILE 部分简要总结了本模块所学的重点单词，短语及语法。
2. 教材重组
2.1 将INTRODUCTION部分设计为一节口语课。
2.2 将 READING AND VOCABULARY部分设计为一节精读课（I）。
2.3 将LISTENING AND VOCABULARY设计为一节听力课。
2.4 将READING PRACTICE部分设计为一节精读课（II）
2.5将 PRESENTATION SKILLS 设计为一节写作课。
2.6将READDING AND S ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )PEAKING, CULTRUAL CORNER以及LANGUAGE IN USE (1)，(2)部分整合为一节泛读课。
3. 课型设计与课时分配
1st period Speaking
2nd period Reading (I)
3rd period Listening
4th period Reading (II)
5th period Writing
6th period Extensive Reading
IV. 分课时教案
The First Period Speaking
Teaching goals教学目标
1. Target language 目标语言
重点句子
1. In your opinion, which are the most important world languages
2. What is the point of learning foreign languages
3. How is it impossible that …
4. Apart from Engli ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sh, which languages would you like to learn or know more about
2. Ability goals 能力目标
Enable students to talk about world languages.
3. Learning ability goals 学能目标
Help students learn how to talk about world languages.
Teaching important & difficult points 教学重难点
How to talk about world languages.
Teaching aids 教具准备
Computer, and some slides.
Teaching methods 教学方法
Interaction and discussion.
Teaching procedures & ways 教学过程与方式
Step I Lead-in
Talk about world languages in the world with students.
T: What is a la ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nguage How many languages are there in the world Why are some languages rather similar to each other whereas others are so different These are some questions that people often have about language. From this class on, we will try to answer them, and a few more. First, look at part 1, read the definitions and answer the questions.
After a few minutes, check the answers.
T: What is mother tongue
S: Mother tongue is the main language you learn as a child.
T: Right. Simply pu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t it, mother tongue is a person’s first language, or native language. So the person is called …
S: A native speaker.
T: Good. What is your mother tongue
S: Chinese.
T: Although all of us ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) are Chinese speakers, we can easily find a strange fact: people living in the north China find it hard to understand the Chinese by people living in the south. Why
S: People speak different dialects.
T: Quite right ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ). A dialect is a form of a language that is spoken in one area which is different the way it is spoken in other areas. Do you speak a dialect of your country’s official language
S: Yes. I speak Shanxi dialect.
S: Yes. I’m from Guangdong Province, I speak Contonese.
S: Yes. I can speak Dongbei dialect because I was born in Dongbei.
T: Right. Our mothe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r tongue is Chinese. A national language may have several regional dialects. Chinese includes“北方方言”, “吴方言”, “闽方言”, and so on. However, English, unlike Chinese, is the national language of several countries which are collectively called English speaking countries. Most of these countries were once colonies of Great Britain and many of them are still members of the British Common-wealth of Nations. The English language spoken in these countries has gradually become American English, Canadian English, Australian English, New Zealandic English, each having some linguistic features that cannot be found or are rarely found in the English language spoken in Great Britain or any other English speaking countries. Well, do you know any dialect words or expressions
S: For example, Chi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nese character 取 is pronounced as qiu in Dongbei dialect.
…
T: There are many di ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )alect words and expressions. It needs time to talk about it. Now I give you five minutes to discuss your answers to the questions in activity 2.
Step II Speaking
Ask students to work i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n groups and discuss the three questions in activity 2.
After five minutes.
T: Would you like to tell us your answer to question 1
S: In my opinion, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )English is the most important languages, because English is easier to learn than others. English is a tool to communicate with other people.
T: Good! Question 2, please
S: I’d like to know ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) more about French. The reason is that French is often called the most romantic language in the world and French used to be the language of diplomats.
T: Well done. I agre ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e with you. What is the point of learning foreign languages Do you know
S: I think the po ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )int of learning foreign languages is to communicate with others.
S: In my opinion, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the point of learning foreign language is to learn the culture of the languages.
S: As for me, I do ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )think learning foreign languages can help us better learn the advanced science and technology from the outside world.
…
T: Maybe there ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) are many reasons that we learn a foreign language, but there is one point that we all agree, hat is, we all wish, hope, or dream that we can understand what the local people are talking about and we can speak fluently with another new language. Next please read the information about world languages and answer the questions in activity 3.
After a few minutes, check the answers with the class.
Suggested answers:
12% of world languages are spoken in India.
Approximately ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 1750 languages are spoken by fewer than a thousand people.
China has the largest ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) population in the world, and many Chinese people are learning English.
In most languages, the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re are usually some words frequently used in communication. We have over a half-million words to communicate with, but half of everything we write and read depends on only 0.02 percent--on only those 100 most frequent words.
Because Somalia is the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) only African country where all the population speaks Somali.
Step III Homework
T: There are a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nywhere between 5,000 and 6,000 languages in the world today. That is probably more than you thought, isn’t it After class, please search more information about world languages and preview the passage on page 44.
The Second Period Reading (I)
Teaching goals 教学目标
1. Target language 目标语言
a. 重点词汇和短语
mandarin, apart ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )from, overtake, Muslim, under the control of, expand, more or less, be based on, majority, population, imperial, official, status, romantic, diplomat
重点句子
1. It is estimated th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at more than 375 million people speak English as a first language, with possibly another 375 million speaking it as a second language.
2. About 900 years ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ago, Portuguese was only spoken in Portugal, which was then under the control of its neighboring country, Spain.
3. Indonesian is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )actually one of many dialects of Malay, but they are all more or less based on the same root language.
4. Often called ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the most romantic language in the world, French used to be the language of diplomats.
2. Ability goals 能力目标
Enable students to talk about the world’ top ten languages.
3. Learning ability goals 学能目标
Help students learn how to talk about the world’ top ten languages.
Teaching important & difficult points 教学重难点
Learn to talk about ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the numbers, the areas of the speakers of the world’ top ten languages.
Teaching aids 教具准备
Computer and some slides.
Teaching methods 教学方法
Task-based learning and communicative.
Teaching procedures & ways 教学过程与方式
Step I Lead-in
Ask students to answer the questions in part 1.
T: As we all know ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) that there is a great number of languages in the world. When we talk about languages, it is important to consider not only the population (number) of language speakers, but also the geographic distribution of these languages. Some languages have relatively large populations of native speakers but are used in a few countries. On the other hand, other languages have relatively small populations of native speakers but are used in many different countries as an official or national language. Today we’ll learn about the world’s top ten languages. Before reading, work in groups and answer the questions in part 1.
After a few minutes.
T: After reading t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he passage, we may easily find that there is a number after each name of the language. What do you think these numbers mean
S: They mean the number of people who speak the language worldwide.
T: Which of the names of the languages are also nationalities
S: English, Spanish ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), Russian, Portuguese, French are both the names of the languages and nationalities.
T: Do you kn ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ow anything about the countries where these language are spoken
S: Russia was cal ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )led Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in the past years.
S: American ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is noted for the Statue of Liberty, which was presented to the United States of America in the nineteenth century by the people of France. The great statue, which was designed by the sculptor Auguste Bartholdi, took ten years to complete.
S: France is famous for Eiffel.
S: Hong Kong is the colony of England.
Step II Reading
Ask students to read the passage and filling the following form.
Show the following.
Languages Distributing areas Population Characteristics
Putonghua(Chinesemandarin) China More than one billion The national common language;One of the six official languages of the United Nations.
English UK, USA, Australi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a, South Africa, Canada, New Zealand, many islands in the Caribbean Sea 750 million The official lan ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )guage, with special status, in more than 75 countries.
Hindustani Hindi Nearly 750 million India’s main language which includes a huge number of dialects.
Spanish Spain, Latin America 425 million Spoken in almost ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )every country in Latin America, and also some islands in the Caribbean Sea, including Cuba.
Russian Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Ukraine 277 million One of the six languages in the United Nations.
Arabic North Africa, the Middle East 256 million One of the wo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rld’s oldest languages. Languages of the Koran, one of the six official languages of the United Nations.
Bengali Bangladesh, West Bengal 215 million Many Bengali sp ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eakers live and work in the Middle East, USA and Britain.
Portuguese Portugal 194 million When Portugal gained i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ndependence, the use of Portuguese expanded all over the world.
Malay-Indonesian Malaysia, Indonesia 176 million One of the many dialects of Malay.
French France, Belgium, Switzerland, Canada, Rwanda, Cameroon, etc 129 million Often called the most romantic language in the world.
Check the answers ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )and then ask students to answer the following questions.
T: You’ve le ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )arned English for a long time. Do you know which family English belongs to
S: Sorry, I don’t know.
T: English b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )elongs to the Germanic family. The Germanic family consists of the four Northern European languages: Norwegian, Icelandic, Danish and Swedish, which are generally known as Scandinavian languages. Then there are German, Dutch, Flemish, and English. Do you know how many people speaking English are there in the world
S: About 750 million.
T: How many people ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) speaking it as a first language are there in the world How many as a second language
S: More than 375 mi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )llion people speak English as a first language, with possibly another 375 million speaking it as a second language. This does not include the people who speak it as a foreign language.
T: Good! There are n ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ative speakers in a lot of countries of the world besides the UK and the UN. Is the statement true
S: It’s true.
T: What is our official common language
S: Chinese putonghua (Chinese Mandarin).
T: Why did westerners call it Mandarin
S: Because it was t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he language used by the imperial mandarins, or officials.
T: Could you read the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )paragraph from “Hindustani is India’s main language …” to “… but the importance of English in India would prevent Hindustani from becoming the most spoken language of the world” And then tell us the meaning of this paragraph.
S: (After readi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng this paragraph) The paragraph tells us that Hindustani is India’s main language and the most commonly spoken is Hindi. English stops Hindustani from the most spoken language.
T: One day, the p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )opulation of India could be more than that of China. True or false
S: This sentence is true.
T: Which family does Hindi belong to
S: Sorry, I don’t know.
T: Hindi belon ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )gs to the Indo- Iranian family. Do you know which family Spanish belongs to
S: Spanish belongs to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the Italic family through an intermediate language called Latin.
T: Some people speak ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Spanish in Latin America and some islands in the Caribbean Sea. Is this true
S: Yes.
T: Russian is one of s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ix languages in the United Nations. Which family does Russian belong to
S: Russian belongs to the Balto-Slavic family.
T: Which langua ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ge is one of the world’s oldest languages spoken mainly in North Africa and the Middle East
S: Arabic, one of the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )world’s oldest languages, is spoken mainly in North Africa and the Middle East.
T: Bengali be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )longs to the Indo- Iranian family. Some people in Asia, in the USA and Britain speak Bengali. Portuguese, French, Spanish are from the same language. Which family French and Portuguese are from Which one is called the most romantic language in the world
S: They are f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rom the Italic family. French is called the most romantic language in the world.
T: Indonesian is a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ctually one of many dialects of Malay, but they are all more or less based on the same root language.
Step III Language Focus
Give necessary help to students who have language difficulties.
Useful Expressions:
Majority
“Majority” is the no ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )minal form of “major”. “Majority” is the opposite of “minority”.
Major
1) as a verb:
E.g. She majored in History at Stanford. 她在斯坦福主修历史。
2) as a noun:
E.g. to change from major to minor从大调改为小调
She’s a French major.她是法语专业的学生。
3) as an adjective:
E.g. the key of D major　Ｄ大调
Never minder – it’s not major.　别担心――这不严重。
Some phrases about “more”:
“More or less” means “almost”. “Once more” means “one more time”.
“More than” means ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) “extremely”. “More and more” means “continuing to become larger in number or amount”.
Step IV Practice
Ask students to finish activities 3 and 4 on pages 45 and 46.
Step V Homework
Ask students to f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )inish exercise 3 on P45, exercise 4 on P46, “Vocabulary” on P110 to P111, and “Reading and writing” on P111 to P113.
The Third Period Listening
Teaching goals 教学目标
1. Target language 目标语言
重点词汇和短语
algebra, allig ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ator, chocolate, chow mein, garage, hotel, kiosk, silk, tomato, tornado, zero, invasion, tourism, loan, original, literature, influence, immigrant
2. Ability goals 能力目标
Enable students ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to know about the origin and growth of the vocabulary.
3. Learning ability goals 学能目标
Help students learn about the origin and growth of the vocabulary.
Teaching important & difficult points 教学重难点
Learn about the origin and growth of the vocabulary.
Teaching methods 教学方法
Listening and cooperative learning.
Teaching aids教具准备
A tape recorder, computer and slides.
Teaching procedures & ways 教学过程与方式
Step I Revision and Lead-in
Check the answers ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to the exercises. Then talk about vocabulary building with students.
T: Memorizing the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )words, some students always complain about so many words in English. In the study of words, it is important to know about the origin and growth of the vocabulary. We can conclude that modern English vocabulary develops through three channels: creation, semantic change, and borrowing. Borrowing has played a vital role in the development of vocabulary, particularly in earlier times. Though still at work now, it can hardly compare with what it did in the past. According to Thomas Pyles and John Algeo, borrowed words constitute merely six to seven percent of all new words. Now look at the screen.
Show the following.
algebra alligator ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) chocolate chow mein garage hotel kiosk silk tomato tornado zero
T: The following w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ords’ came into the English language from French, Chinese, Arabic or Spanish. Now please work in groups, use a dictionary to check the meaning of the words you don’t know.
After a few minutes, check the answers.
Suggested answers:
代数 钝吻鳄 巧克力 炒面 车库 旅馆 售货亭 丝绸 西红柿 龙卷风 零
Step II Pre-listening
Ask students to finish activity 2.
T: Work in groups and discuss the questions on P48.
After a few minutes.
T: Who can tell me the answer to question 1 You try it.
S: I choose (b).
T: Why
S: With the invaders, many invaders’ words came into a language.
T: Your pronuncia ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tion and intonation are fantastic. Do you think it is good for a language to have “loan words” Tell me your reason.
S: I think i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t is good for a language to have “loan words. The reason is that if many English words are borrowed from Chinese, it is easy to learn English for us.
Step III Listening
Material 1（P48）:
T: What is a loan word
S: A loanword ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) (or a borrowing) is a word taken in by one language from another.
T: While English ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) has borrowed most heavily from the languages of Europe and the Near East, it has also acquired many loan words from Asia. For example, feng shui and coolie are of Chinese origin. Now listen to the lecture on loan words and check the topics that are mentioned.
Play the tape and check the answers.
Then ask students ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to read the words from the lecture and choose their correct meanings. Check the answers by asking some of them to read the complete sentences.
Then ask students ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to listen again and make notes about details of the topics in activity 3.
Material 2（P113）:
T: Turn your book ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s to P113. Look at the pictures and predict the topic of the listening passage. Could you tell me the topic of the listening passage
S: It must have something to do with sign language.
T: Well, now let’s listen and find out.
Ask students to listen to part 1 and finish activities 12 and 13.
Check the answers w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ith the class. Then ask students to predict the correct way to complete the sentences in activity 14.
Ask students to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )listen to part 2 and check the answers. Then ask them to work in pairs and do activity 15.
Step IV Homework
Ask students ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to preview the passage “Of Studies” on P53 and learn about Francis Bacon.
The Fourth Period Reading (II)
Teaching goals 教学目标
1. Target language 目标语言
a. 重点词汇和短语
conference, enthusia ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )stic about, refer to as, compliment, knowledge, Renaissance, statesman, procedure, ornament, discourse, disposition, marshalling, counsel, sloth, affectation, contradict, confute, take sth for granted, that is, scholar, bound, crafty, swallow, digest, diligence, deputy, distill
b. 重点句子
1. Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability.
2. Crafty men co ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ndemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them.
3. Read not to c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ontradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider.
4. Reading m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )aketh a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man.
2. Ability goals 能力目标
Enable students to talk about Francis Bacon and Of Studies.
3. Learning ability goals 学能目标
Help students learn how to talk about Francis Bacon and Of Studies.
Teaching important & difficult points 教学重难点
How to talk about Francis Bacon and Of Studies.
Teaching aids 教具准备
Computer and some slides.
Teaching methods 教学方法
Task-based learning and communicative.
Teaching procedures & ways 教学过程与方式
Step I Lead-in
Talk about Francis Bacon.
T: Reading make ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )th a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. Do you know where the statement is from
S: Of Studies.
T: Do you know anything about the author
S: Yes. Francis ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Bacon (1561–1626) was one of the leading figures in natural philosophy and in the field of scientific methodology in the period of transition from the Renaissance to the early modern era.
S: He is a lawyer, member of Parliament, and Queen's Counsel.
S: Bacon wrote on ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) questions of law, state and religion, as well as on contemporary politics.
S: He also published ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) texts in which he speculated on possible conceptions of society, and he pondered questions of ethics (Essays) even in his works on natural philosophy (The Advancement of Learning).
T: Great. Now work in pairs and answer the questions in part 1.
After a few minutes.
T: There are man ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y wise sayings in Bacon’s works. Put the quotation “Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man” into Chinese, we get “读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,写作使人严谨”. What do you think this means
S: By reading, we can learn a lot and enrich our mind.
S: By discussion and debating with others, we can become wise.
S: By writing, we can be precise.
T: Do you agree
S: Yes. It is simil ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ar to reading, speaking, writing in English learning.
T: I agree with you. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Is there a similar idea expressed by a Chinese thinker
S: Yes. “读万卷书,行千里路”, by Mao Zedong.
Step II Reading
Pre-reading
T: Open your b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ooks and turn to P53. Read Francis Bacon’s introduction quickly and answer the questions in part 2.
Check the answers after a few minutes.
Suggested answers:
Francis Bacon was most enthusiastic about science.
Bacon is ref ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )erred to as a Renaissance man because he was an English philosopher and statesman, who became well known for his enthusiasm for the scientific revolution, which the discoveries of Galileo, Newton and others had led to in 17th century Europe.
Francis Bacon develo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ped a procedure of scientific inquiry which is still known as the Baconian method.
While-reading
Ask students to rea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d “Of Studies” and deal with some language difficulties.
Activities 3.
T: There are six main ideas in the text. Can you mark them by lines
Suggested answers:
1. Studies serve for delight … and disposition of business.
2. For expert men can execute …from those that they are learned.
3. To spend too muc ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h time in studies is sloth … is the humor of a scholar.
4. They perfect nature … except they be bounded in by experience.
5. Crafty men condemn studies … but to weigh and consider.
6. Some books are to be tasted … and writing an exact man.
Then ask some st ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )udent to read the six main ideas one by one and make some necessary explanations.
T: Could you tell me the general idea of the first paragraph
S: I think th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e first sentence is the general idea of the first paragraph.
T: Your answer is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) correct. The first paragraph tells us that we study for pleasure, for discussion and for work. What does “Retiring” in the third line mean
S: It means “preferring not to spend time with other people”.
T: Then what about “discourse” and “disposition” What does it mean
S: “Discourse” is a formal form of “discussion”.
S: “Dispositio ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n” means “the way sth is arranged or placed”. A proverb about “dispose” is “man proposes, God disposes”. The meaning in Chinese is “谋事在人, 成事在天”.
T: Could you tell me what the second paragraph tells us
S: This paragraph t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ells us that men of learning are better at government and management than experts.
T: What does “expert” mean
S: Experienced.
Then go on with the rest main ideas.
Some language points:
sloth = laziness
affection = pretense
humor = one of the fo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ur liquids that were thought in the past to be in a person’s body and to influence health and character”.
crafty = wise
confute = to prove a person or an argument to be wrong
“take sth fo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r granted = to believe sth is true without first making sure that it is
E.g. I just took it for granted that he’d always be around.
我还想当然的以为他总能随叫随到呢.
After-reading
Ask students to read the text again and finish activities 4—6.
Check the answers.
The main idea of the text:
“Of Studies” analyzes ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )what studies chiefly serve for, the different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies, and how studies exert influence over human character.
The writing characteristics:
Forceful and pe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rsuasive, compact and precise, “Of Studies” reveals to us Bacon’s mature attitude towards learning.
The writing style:
The text is an argum ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )entative essay. Argumentation is an important form of human communication. The author used many parallelism sentences to make the text readable and concise.
Suggested answer ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to the questions about some words with 17th century meanings:
The chief use for ornament is in discourse.
The learned m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )en might plot to marshal affairs from the general counsels.
Sloth is likely to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) be negative characteristic because it is shameful.
“Humor” is a n ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eutral word. “Humor” means “one of the four liquids that were thought in the past to be in a person’s body and to influence health and character”.
“Crafty” has a positive meaning.
This is useful for reading less important books.
Suggested answer to the questions in activity 6:
These are parallelism ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) sentences. Yes. For example, “reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man” and so on. The author used many parallelism sentences to make the text readable and concise.
The subject of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) these two sentences is an infinitive. An infinitive makes the passage sound like well-reasoned argument.
I think the pas ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sage is written to be read aloud, like a speech. You try it.
“Delight” is descr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ibed as “pleasure”; “Ornament” as “decoration”; “Affection” as “pretence”; “Learned” as “experienced”; “Argument” as “contradiction”.
Yes. When I was a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) college student, I enjoyed reading this readable passage because the text analyzes what studies chiefly serve for, the different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies, and how studies exert influence over human character.
Then ask students to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )work in pairs and discuss the answers to the questions in activity 7.
Check the answers with the class.
T: Do you follow Bacon’s advice when you study and read books
S: Yes. I think his words make sense.
T: Answer the question 2, please.
S: Reading for taking an exam.
T: Most students read for taking exams. The next question.
S: When you talk ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )with others, the knowledge that you acquire from books can be used.
T: Good! The last question.
S: I think a person ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) is “wise” if he quotes the sentence he learned to demonstrate your knowledge of English. The reason is that learning a language is the process of imitation and communication.
Step II Homework
Ask students to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )read From Of Studies repeatedly after class and preview the next period, writing.
Ask students to finish the following.
根据以下提示以 “On Perseverance” (论毅力)为题写一片80个词左右关于毅力的短文.
要点: 1. 成功的标准是毅力;
2. 努力, 努力, 再努力直至成功;
3. 没有毅力会导致失败.
好句子: Try and try until you succeed.
The Fifth Period Writing
Teaching goals教学目标
1. Target language 目标语言
a.重点词组
extinct, pessimist ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ic, majority, academic, outgrown, die out, sincerely
b.重点句子
1. With reference to…
2. I was interested to read about …
3. I agree / disagree with Mr. … that … It’s true that …
4. It isn’t true to say that …
5. In conclusion, …
2. Ability goals 能力目标
Enable students to write a letter to a newspaper.
3. Learning ability goals 学能目标
Help students learn how to write a letter to a newspaper.
Teaching important & difficult points 教学重难点
How to write a letter to a newspaper.
Teaching aids教具准备
Computer, and some slides.
Teaching methods 教学方法
Task-based and students-centered
Teaching procedures & ways教学过程与方式
Step I Revision
Check the homework by asking some students to show their work.
Sample version:
“Try and try ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )until you succeed.” This saying shows the importance of perseverance. I have found through experience that only through hard work can we succeed. Many people have failed in their work or studies, precisely because they had no perseverance. Life, in general, as in many things we do, has never been easy. No one promised us what it would be.
So, if we want to succ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eed in life, we must be brave to win. This is the standard that differentiates people who succeed in life and those who don’t it.
T: You’ve done a go ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )od job. Your composition is coherent and easy to understand.
Step II Reading
Ask students to read the letter and answer the questions on P52.
Suggested answers to activity 1:
The writer thinks some languages have outgrown their usefulness.
The world’s economic ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )development is completely connected to people speaking the same languages, not different ones.
The majority of the wo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rld’s books, newspapers, movies, music etc are in English, or if not English, one of the world’s other main languages, such as Spanish, Chinese or Arabic.
Suggested answers to activity 2:
The reduction in th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e number of world languages is a reason to celebrate. I don’t agree to the writer’s point of view. Different languages represent different cultures because language is the carrier and container of culture.
Step III Writing
Ask students ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to read the instruction and write a letter in respond to Mr Morgan’s letter.
Sample letter:
To Mr. Morgan
I am honored to hav ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e read your letter about languages. I don’t agree to your opinion that a reduction in the number of languages in the world is a good thing.
In fact, langu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )age is the carrier and container of culture. Human knowledge and experience are described and stored in language. As a mirror of culture language is strongly influenced and shaped by culture. If small languages die out, then their cultures will die out with them. I think major languages cannot substitute smaller ones.
In conclusio ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n, I think the reduction in the number of languages in the world is not a good thing.
All the best.
Sincerely,
Chris
Step IV Homework
Ask students ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to preview the two texts “Thousands of Languages Face Extinction” and “Read This Carefully – Computer Viruses Are Dangerous!”
The Sixth Period Extensive Reading
Teaching goals教学目标
1. Target language 目标语言
a. 重点词汇
linguist, on average, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mammal, no matter how, UNESCO, from generation to generation, find out, as long as, threaten, virus, infected, worm, anniversary, attachment, typically, frightening, program
b. 重点句子
1. No matter how ma ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ny adults use the language, if it isn’t passed to the next generation, if cannot survive.
2. We can’t find out w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hat they knew and how they moved from region to region.
2. Ability goals 能力目标
Enable studen ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ts to talk about endangered languages and computer viruses.
3. Learning ability goals 学能目标
Help students ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) learn how to talk about endangered languages and computer viruses.
Teaching important & difficult points 教学重难点
how to talk about endangered languages and computer viruses.
Teaching aids教具准备
Computer, a tape recorder and some slides.
Teaching methods 教学方法
Task-based learning, reading, and communication
Teaching procedures & ways 教学过程与方式
Step I Revision
Ask students to write a story in the following way.
T: Work in groups. Wri ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )te down two or three of your favourite words in English. Write each word in the middle of a sheet of paper. Read each other’s key words and write as many words as you can that connect with them. Choose one of the pieces of paper and write a story, using all the words. Then tell your story to the class.
Suggested answers:
student chat
damage
smoking
acquaintance
cigarette
Sample story:
Mr. Wang was chatting ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) with a student at Tianjin University when she noticed another student come out of his dorm, light up a cigarette and stand outside the door smoking. “What’s the matter, Bill,” Mr. Wang’s acquaintance quipped, “roommate won’t let you smoke indoors ”
“It is not that,” Bil ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )l replied. “My professor says smoking can damage my computer.”
Step II Lead-in
Talk about endangered languages in the world.
T: Although the world ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) has between five and six thousand languages, experts agree that less than half of these languages will survive the next century. These are all minority languages which are surrounded by majority languages with much greater resources, such as mass media, and numbers of speakers. Much like species in the dwindling rain forests of the world, many languages are dying all the time in the latter part of the twentieth century. The pattern is quite familiar: A people with a distinctive language first becomes bilingual and after a few short generations the ancestral language of that people is lost forever. Of the more than 6,000 languages currently being spoken, fewer than half are likely to survive the next century. When a language is gone, we can only awaken it from materials we have collected from the last speakers. Today we are going to learn about something about endangered languages in the world and something about computer viruses.
Step III Reading (1)
Skimming
Ask students to make out the main idea of the passage.
T: Now please read the title of the first passage. What is it about
S: A lot of languages are dying out.
T: Why are a lot of languages dying out
S: I think the num ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ber of people speaking these languages is decreasing.
T: Look at the photos and guess what languages the people speak.
S: Maybe they speak Arabic, English, Spanish and Chinese.
T: Read the passag ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e as fast as you can and finish the questions 2 and 3.
After a few minutes, check their answers.
Careful-reading
Ask students to make out the main idea for each paragraph.
T: What is the first paragraph about
S: From the f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )irst paragraph, we know that half of all the languages are spoken by fewer than 2,500 people each in Papua New Guinea, Indonesia, Nigeria, India, Mexico, Cameroon, Australia and Brazil.
T: What about the second paragraph
S: Languages are be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )coming extinct at twice the rate of endangered mammals and four times the rate of endangered birds. If this trend continues, there are no more than ten languages left in the future.
T: What is a healthy language
S: The definition of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a healthy language is one that acquires new speakers.
T: Why is the outlook for Udihe, Eyak and Arikapu particularly bleak
S: Because not more t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )han 100 people speak these languages, the outlook for Udihe, Eyak and Arikapu particularly bleak.
T: What effect does it have, when a language dies
S: When a language ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dies, rich sources of material for documenting a people’s history are lost.
…
Then ask students ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to finish activity 2 below the text. Check the answers and ask some students to correct the false statements.
Step IV Reading (2)
Go on with the passage about “computer viruses.”
T: When you listen t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o the news, you hear about many different forms of electronic infection (感染). The most common one is puter viruses are called viruses because a computer virus passes from computer to computer like a biological virus passes from person to person. Then what is a virus Why are computer viruses dangerous How do computer viruses spread around the world Now read the passage and find out the answers to the following questions.
Show the following.
What is the advantage of the computers, the Internet and email
Why are computer viruses dangerous
How do computer viruses spread around the world
How many kinds of viruses are mentioned in the passage
After a few minutes, ask some students to answer these questions.
Suggested answers:
Computers, th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e Internet and email offer fantastic opportunities for global communication.
A computer viru ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s is a computer program that enters a computer and damages and destroys files and information.
Computer viruses spread around the world via email.
They are the Melissa virus, the Chernobyl virus and love letter.
Step V Language in use
1. The Usage of “get / got”
a. to receive
E.g. I got a letter from Dave this morning.
b. to obtain
E.g. Where did you get that dress
c. to reach ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a particular state or condition; to make sb / sth reach a particular state or condition.
E.g. They plan to get married in the summer.
d. to cause sth to happen or to be done
E.g. I must get my hair cut.
e. to move to or from ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a particular place or in a particular direction, sometimes with difficulty; to make sb / sth do this
E.g. He got down from the ladder.
2. The Usage of “have / has”
a. as an auxilia ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ry verb with a main verb, to talk about things that happen in the past
E.g. When I started ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) high school, I had already learnt to speak English and Russian.
b. with an objec ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t and verb form, with the meaning to refuse to accept something
E.g. I won’t have you talking to me so rudely.
c. with to + infinitive to show obligation or lack of obligation
E.g. In most coun ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tries in Europe, students have to study at least two languages.
d. with a direct object to refer to a different action
E.g. What time did you have dinner last night
e. as an auxiliary ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )verb with a main verb, to talk about actions that began in the past and are still true in the present.
E.g. She has studies English since she was five.
f. with an object and preposition to form a phrasal verb
E.g. Let’s have the neighbors round for dinner soon.
g. with a direct o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )bject to refer to different states, possession, relationship etc. (in British English often with got, e.g. have got)
E.g. How many English lessons have you got a week
h. with object ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )and verb form, with the meaning to cause someone to do something or something to be done
E.g. Where did you have your hair cut
3. The Usage of “not”
a. used to for ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )m the negative of the verbs be, do and have and modal verbs like can or must and often shortened to n’t
E.g. I can’t see from here.
She didn’t see him.
b. used to give the f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ollowing word or phrase a negative meaning, or to reply in the negative
E.g. I was sorry not to have seen him.
c. used after hope, expect, believe, etc. to give a negative reply
E.g. Will she be there I hope not.
d. used to show a negative possibility
E.g. I don’t know if he’s telling the truth or not.
4. The Usage of “some” and “any”
“Some” is generally used in affirmative sentences.
E.g. There were some very famous people at party.
“Any” is usually used in questions and negative sentences.
E.g. I haven’t got any more money.
“Some” is used in questions where we expect an affirmative answer.
E.g. Would you like some more tea
“Any” is used in sentences with negatives like never, hardly, etc.
E.g. He never gives us any homework on Friday.
In sentences with if both some and any are possible.
E.g. If you need any/ some help, please ask.
“Some” is used when we are talking about indefinite quantities.
E.g. Any more wine Thanks, I’ve already got some.
“Some” is used with singular uncountable nouns, suggesting unknown.
E.g. She is gone on holiday to some villa or other.
Before a determiner (my, the, theses etc) we use some of or any of.
E.g. “Some” of my best friends are from that neighborhood.
5. The Usage of “than”:
“Than” is used to int ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )roduce the second part of a comparison. We usually use “than” to compare two persons or things with regard to the amount of a particular quality they possess:
E.g. Sue is cleverer than you.
This is a more delightful house than our old one.
I feel that Mary negotiates more skillfully than her boss.
We had more fun than they did last night.
6. The Usage of “but”
“But” as a conjunction:
E.g. I had no choice but to sign the contract.
“But” as a preposition:
We’ve had nothing but trouble with this car.
Step VI Homework
T: After class, disc ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uss the questions 4 and 5 on P50 with your partners and finish the exercises in “Language in Use （1）”on P46 to P47, “Language in Use （2）”on P51, and “Language in use” on P109.
Suggested answers to activity 5:
附 件
I. Languages of the world
According to t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he Bible story, there was a time when the whole earth was of one language and of one speech. But when it occurred to the people to build a tower that would reach unto Heaven itself, the Lord was angry and said, “Let us go down, and there confound their language that they may not understand one another’s speech.” And the building was stopped and the people scattered because they could no longer understand one another.
Is it possib ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )le that the people of the world today could agree upon a single international language that everyone would be able to speak and understand This has been the dream of many linguists over the centuries, and almost a thousand languages have been invented for this purpose, not to replace the native languages but to provide a second language for worldwide communication.
For about a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )thousand years --- from about the fifth century through the fifteenth --- Latin was the second language of educated people all over Europe and all scholarly works were written in Latin. For, before the invention of the printing press, reading and writing were skills known only to scholars. Most of the scholars were priests and clergymen, and Latin was the language of the church. Latin was a subject required in schools and in colleges, and all educated people had some familiarity with it.
The number of people ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )who study Latin has not grown smaller, but proportionately it has become very much smaller. As ordinary people all over the world began to be able to read and write their own languages, and as scientific work of the sixteenth and later centuries came more and more to be written in living languages, a knowledge of Latin was not so essential. Thus, although Latin might once have been claimed as the most suitable of possible international languages (at least for Europeans), this time has definitely passed.
The earliest attempts ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to invent a simplified language for international use came in the seventeenth century, but it was not until the late nineteenth century that any sizable group of people did actually attempt to speak and write an artificial language. Esperanto, which was published in 1887, was the first language really to take hold. At one time or another as many as eight million people have learned Esperanto. It has been taught in a great many schools and colleges in Europe, and the study of Esperanto was even made compulsory in some high schools in Germany.
Five-sixth of Es ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )peranto words have Latin roots; the remainder is Germanic. Verbs are still inflected for tense, and nouns have separate forms for use as subject and object in a sentence.
Ido and Interlingua f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ollowed Esperanto and improved it, by cutting out some of the cumbersome Latin grammar that still remained.
In 1928, Otto Jesper ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sen, the famous Danish linguist who is known as the greatest authority on the English language, put forth a concoction of his own called Novial. It was an improvement on Esperanto but still had the same basic approach. Jespersen thought that the best type of international language was one that offered the greatest ease of learning to the greatest number of people. But when Jespersen thinks of the “greatest number of people” he is referring to Europeans or people of other continents whose language and culture derives from Europe. This completely excludes native populations of the continents of Asia and Africa and of the Pacific Islands, for whom Novial would be totally unfamiliar.
Still, if the langu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )age is a well-constructed one and not too complicated, perhaps it could nevertheless be adopted by those unfamiliar with its roots and structure.
Why must an internati ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )onal language necessarily be a made-up language Why can’t one of the existing languages be chosen as the best one to try to internationalize
In United Natio ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ns, for example, there are five official languages --- English, Chinese, Russian, French, and Spanish --- and at all official meetings simultaneous translation is carried on, so that it is possible to listen to the speeches in any one of the five languages. If a delegate does not know at least one of these languages, he or she must learn one. How about making one of these into an international language Of these, Chinese and Russian are not likely to gain many supporters because of the difficulties of theses alphabets. The Russian alphabet stems from the Greek but is like that of very few other languages in the world today. The Chinese alphabet is not an alphabet at tall. Its characters represent ideas, not sounds and would therefore require someone to learn two separate languages—the written and the spoken. The fact that Chinese characters are associated with idea, not sound, would make it a fine written international language, since each reader could apply the symbol to the appropriate word in his or her language.
II. Sir Francis Bacon
Sir Francis Baco ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n (later Lord Verulam and the Viscount St. Albans) was an English lawyer, statesman, essayist, historian, intellectual reformer, philosopher, and champion of modern science. Early in his career he claimed “all knowledge as his province” and afterwards dedicated himself to a wholesale revaluation and re-structuring of traditional learning. To take the place of the established tradition (a miscellany of Scholasticism, humanism, and natural magic), he proposed an entirely new system based on empirical and inductive principles and the active development of new arts and inventions, a system whose ultimate goal would be the production of practical knowledge for “the use and benefit of men” and the relief of the human condition.
At the same time that ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he was founding and promoting this new project for the advancement of learning, Bacon was also moving up the ladder of state service. His career aspirations had been largely disappointed under Elizabeth I, but with the ascension of James his political fortunes rose. Knighted in 1603, he was then steadily promoted to a series of offices, including Solicitor General (1607), Attorney General (1613), and eventually Lord Chancellor (1618). While serving as Chancellor, he was indicted on charges of bribery and forced to leave public office. He then retired to his estate where he devoted himself full time to his continuing literary, scientific, and philosophical work. He died in 1626, leaving behind a cultural legacy that, for better or worse, includes most of the foundation for the triumph of technology and for the modern world as we currently know it.
技能目标 Skill Goals
Learn about languages of the world
Learn something about Francis Bacon and his “Of Studies”
Learn the usage of but, get / got, have / has, not, some / any, and than
Learn to write a letter to a newspaper
Know something about computer viruses
computer
Chinese loan words I know in English.
Wonton（馄饨） kowtow（磕头） kongfu（工夫）and so on.
English loan words I know in Chinese.
咖啡，吉普，卡通，沙发 and so on.
Loan words from other languages in Chinese.
寿司（from Japanese）