备考2024届高考外研版选择性必修第二册英语一轮复习课时提能第一部分过透教材Unit1-6（含答案 6份打包）

Unit 6 Survival
一、阅读理解
A
[2024贵州六盘水一诊]For emperor penguins， sea ice is essential to survival. The iconic birds， found only in Antarctica， breed， lay their eggs and raise their chicks on vast sea ice. They arrive at their breeding sites in late March. In May and June， they lay their eggs， which hatch after 65 days during the Antarctic winter. The chicks then remain on the ice until their fluff （绒毛） down is replaced by waterproof feathers， finally fledging （变得羽毛丰满） in the summer months of December and January.
Last year， sea ice levels in Antarctica were at an all-time low — a record first set in 2021.The Bellingshausen Sea region， to the west of the Antarctic Peninsula， saw the most extreme reduction of sea ice， with some areas experiencing a 100％ loss. Of the five known emperor penguins’ habitats in the Bellingshausen Sea region， all but one experienced what was most likely a total breeding failure due to the loss of sea ice， according to a paper published in NatureCommunicationsEarth&Environment. Satellite imagery clearly showed the sea ice had broken up before the chicks would have developed enough to survive on their own.
"We have never seen emperor penguins fail to breed at this scale in a single season，" the study’s lead author， Peter Fretwell of the British Antarctic Survey， said in a statement."The loss of sea ice in this region during the Antarctic summer made it very unlikely that displaced chicks would survive."
The study team also believe their findings support a projection that if present warming rates continue， more than 80％ of emperor penguins’ habitats will disappear， meaning they have too few individuals to support a population， by 2100.
　　这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了南极洲的海冰减少影响帝企鹅的生存。
1.When may emperor penguins’ eggs hatch？
A. In May. B. In August.
C. In November. D. In January.
解析　B　细节理解题。由第一段中的"In May and June， they lay their eggs， which hatch after 65 days during the Antarctic winter"可知，帝企鹅的卵在八月左右孵化，故选B项。
2.What can we infer from the second and third paragraphs？
A. All emperor penguins suffered breeding failure.
B. The chicks can grow up before the sea ice breaks up.
C. Sea ice levels in Antarctica reached the lowest in 2022.
D. Most areas experienced a 100％ sea ice loss in Antarctica.
解析　C　推理判断题。由第二段中的"Last year， sea ice levels in Antarctica were at an all-time low — a record first set in 2021"可推理出，南极洲的海冰在2022年达到最低程度，故选C项。
3.What’s the function of paragraph 4？
A. Supporting ideas. B. Giving examples.
C. Making conclusions. D. Serving as transitions.
解析　A　推理判断题。由最后一段"The study team also believe their findings support a projection that if present warming rates continue， more than 80％ of emperor penguins’ habitats will disappear， meaning they have too few individuals to support a population， by 2100"可知，研究小组对未来进行了预测：到2100年，超过80％的帝企鹅栖息地将消失，故可推理出最后一段用于支持中心思想——南极洲的海冰减少影响帝企鹅的生存，故选A项。
4.What is the main idea of the text？
A. Chicks are bred difficultly in Antarctica.
B. Emperor penguins fail to breed their chicks.
C. Sea ice loss affects emperor penguins’ survival.
D. Climate change affects sea ice loss in Antarctica.
解析　C　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲的是南极洲的海冰减少影响帝企鹅的生存，故选C项。
B
[2024广东东莞10月考试]A song called LonelyWarrior（《孤勇者》）is always ringing in my ears. Six years ago， after hosting an annual ceremony for my school， I found that my left leg was a little swollen， and very soon I could barely walk. In fact， the swollen part became a fist-sized meatball that was so painful that I could barely sleep. Of course， I went to a local hospital， where I was given very bleak （不乐观的） news — osteosarcoma， which means bone cancer.
I underwent chemotherapy （化疗） for the next two years， and it was the worst time of my life. Physically， I felt that the side effects of chemotherapy were killing me. I lost all of the hair on my body and became totally bald. I could barely eat anything， even if I felt hungry. I no longer needed an alarm clock to wake up in the morning. Instead， what woke me was my body telling me that I needed to vomit （呕吐）.
I had no idea where all this treatment would leave me， and the dreams I had once nursed （怀有） about the future were entirely wiped out. I wanted to feel the world and experience more， so I stuck to the course of treatment. As time went by， however， I became weaker and weaker. The side effects now were far worse than they had been earlier.
I eventually suggested that the leg be chopped off， and the doctor said that might be the best thing to do， as long as I could cope with the psychological and social pressures afterward. I made my decision very calmly， because I knew things could not be worse than they were at that moment， and I was determined that this was just one more battle I would win.
Now， six years later， I have weathered all these difficulties. I have been so lucky to be able to find the strength to deal with all of this， and what I have to tell anyone still struggling with difficulties is this： Have faith in yourself， and do not let bad moments drag you down. Just hang on and you will come through.
　　本文主要讲述了作者与骨癌斗争的经历。随着病情的恶化，作者决定顶住心理压力和社会压力，让医生截掉了一条腿。六年过去了，作者经受住了所有的磨难。最后作者鼓励仍在与困难斗争的人要对自己有信心，坚持下去一定会渡过难关。
【词语积累】　side effect副作用　cope with处理，应付
【长难句解读】　In fact， the swollen part became a fist-sized meatball that was so painful that
that引导的定语从句，
I could barely sleep.
其中有个so ...that ...引导的结果状语从句
　　译文：事实上，肿胀的部分变成了一个拳头大小的肉球，疼得我几乎无法入睡。
1.What can we learn about the side effects of chemotherapy？
A. They made the author suffer a lot.
B. They destroyed the author’s faith.
C. They were relieved after treatment.
D. They were more obvious in the daytime.
解析　A　推理判断题。由第二段的描述可知，化疗使作者痛苦不堪，作者的头发掉光了，他几乎吃不进任何东西，夜间睡眠也受到了很大影响。由此可推知，化疗的副作用让作者受了很大的苦，故A项正确。
2.What was the author’s decision to deal with his condition？
A. Chopping off his leg.
B. Turning down the doctor’s advice.
C. Giving in to the cancer.
D. Seeking psychological assistance.
解析　A　细节理解题。由第二段、第三段的内容以及第四段首句"I eventually suggested that the leg be chopped off"可知，针对病情，作者最终提议截肢，故A项正确。
3.What does the underlined word "weathered" in the last paragraph mean？
A. Resisted. B. Survived.
C. Escaped. D. Produced.
解析　B　词义猜测题。由最后一段中的"I have been so lucky to be able to find the strength to deal with all of this"可知，作者克服了所有困难。由此可推知，画线词所在句表达的应是六年后作者最终克服了所有困难，渡过了难关，故B项正确。
4.What does the author want to convey in the text？
A. A light heart lives long.
B. A good medicine tastes bitter.
C. Time works wonders.
D. One with faith braves any hardship.
解析　D　推理判断题。由最后一段中的"what I have to tell anyone still struggling with difficulties is this： Have faith in yourself， and do not let bad moments drag you down. Just hang on and you will come through"可知，作者在经历了这场疾病之后给出建议：要对自己有信心，不要让糟糕的时刻使自己沮丧，只要坚持下去，最终会挺过去的，故作者在本文中想传达的是有信心的人可以经受任何困难，所以D项正确。
二、七选五
I’ve been in advertising for eight years and worked a lot of late nights and weekends for numerous projects. 　1　 One day I watched a talk called "The power of time off". It’s about how every seven years， the speaker takes a year off from work so he can do his own creative projects. 　2　 I decided I had to do that. I need to take time to start my own creative ideas.
The first project ends up being something I call "One Second Every Day". Basically I record one second of every day for the rest of my life， combining these moments into one single continuous video until I can’t record them anymore. 　3　 There’re many things I have no recollection of unless someone brings them up， and I think， "Oh， that’s something I did."
　4　 On a good day， I’ll have maybe four seconds I want to choose. I’ll just have to narrow them down to one， but even narrowing them down to that one allows me to remember the other three anyway.
I don’t use any filters （滤色镜）， just trying to catch the moment as much as possible as it is. I started a rule of the first person view. Early on， I thought I should have a couple of videos where people would see me， but I realized that wasn’t the way to go. 　5　
The project has many possibilities. I encourage you all to record just a small piece of your life every day， so you can never forget that day and treasure every moment.
　A. It instantly inspired me.
B. The purpose is to remember what I’ve done.
C. I’m always energetic when doing things I love.
D. People might have different interpretations of it.
E. It’s difficult， sometimes， to pick that one second.
F. But I never had time for one I wanted to work on on my own.
G. The essence of my project should be recording the thing as I actually see it.
　　本文是记叙文。作者从事广告行业8年了，加班熬夜做了无数项目，但他一直没有时间做自己真正想做的个人项目。有一天他受到一个演讲的启发，开始了自己的项目"每天一秒钟"，记录每一天的生活。
1.F　由上文的"worked a lot of late nights and weekends for numerous projects"和下文的"I need to take time to start my own creative ideas"可知，作者在工作中加班熬夜做了无数项目，看到一个演讲后决定开始做属于自己的项目，故空处内容应与没有做过个人想做的项目有关。F项"但我从来没有时间做一个我自己想做的项目"与上文构成转折，选项中的one表示"one project"。
2.A　上文提到作者看到一个演讲，介绍了演讲者每过七年，就花一年时间来做自己的富有创造力的项目，下文讲到作者决定也要这么做，开始自己的富有创造力的想法。A项"它马上启发了我"承上启下。
3.B　上文提到作者每天录一秒钟的视频，将这些一秒钟的视频拼接成一段连续的视频，直到他无法再录制为止，下文讲到有很多之前做过的事情，作者都想不起来了，故空处内容应仍与作者录制视频有关，且涉及记住过去的事。B项"（这一项目的）目的是帮助我记住做过的事"符合语境。
4.E　下文讲到在美好的一天里，作者想要多录制三秒钟，他只是把它们压缩到一秒钟，但是即使压缩到了只有一秒钟，也足以让他记住其他三秒钟。E项"有时候选择那一秒钟（的内容）很难"是对下文内容的总结。
5.G　本段主要介绍作者录制的所有视频都没有使用滤镜，尽可能还原事物本来的样子。他一开始用第一视角拍摄。早先他想过把自己录进视频里，但是后来觉得这不是他想要的。G项"我的项目的本质应该是记录我实际看到的事物的样子"承接上文。
三、完形填空
[奋斗精神/2023福建4月适应性练习]Jo o Carlos Martins is a famous pianist and conductor. However， his career has been　1　 and his life has taken him in many different 　2　.
As a teenager Martins began to perform in concerts. But in his late twenties， he had to 　3　 after badly breaking his arm. It was really a terrible time. He couldn’t look at a piano or 　4　 listen to music. 　5　， he decided to become the manager of a boxer， who won the world championship later. This 　6　 Martins to take up the piano and practise much harder. Six years later， he gave his first concert at the Carnegie Hall， which was the most 　7　 moment of his life. He performed in concerts for years before he had to quit because of the unbearable 　8　 in his hands caused by too much 　9　.
Martins， in his forties， became a politician. However， he couldn’t stand this 　10　， so once again， he went back to the piano. All was going well until something unexpected 　11　 while leaving a concert. He 　12　 a serious brain injury and lost all the movement in his right hand. Again， with great 　13　 he played just with his left hand. Years later he lost the use of the left hand and 　14　 himself a conductor. Now， in his late seventies， Martins is still taking 　15　 to work and has conducted over a thousand concerts.
　　Jo o Carlos Martins是著名的钢琴家和指挥家，但他一生坎坷。少年时他便登台演出，二十多岁时胳膊受伤，不得不放弃演出。此后，他成了拳击手的职业经纪人，拳击手获得冠军激励他继续弹钢琴。可是过度弹奏使他双手疼痛，不得不放弃音乐。此后他又开始从政……
1.A. smooth B. tough
C. flexible D. interesting
解析　B　由句中的"However"可知，该句和上句构成转折关系；上句说Jo o Carlos Martins是一位著名的钢琴家和指挥家，结合本句的"his career has been"可以推知，他的职业生涯充满了坎坷，故B项正确，tough表示"艰难的"。
2.A. cultures B. forms
C. directions D. levels
解析　C　由下文的叙述可知，著名钢琴家和指挥家Jo o Carlos Martins在职业生涯中曾做过拳击手的经纪人和政治家；结合该句中的"taken him in many different 　2　"可知，他的职业有不同的方向。direction表示"方向"，故C项正确。
3.A. give up B. set out
C. turn up D. hold out
解析　A　由句中的"after badly breaking his arm"可知，他的胳膊严重受伤。结合常识可以推断，他不得不放弃音乐演奏，give up表示"放弃"，故A项正确。
4.A. still B. just
C. ever D. even
解析　D　由该句的"couldn’t look at a piano"可知，他不能看钢琴；再结合"or"可知，此处是说他不能看钢琴，甚至不能听音乐。even表示"甚至"，故D项正确。
5.A. Generally B. Ultimately
C. Immediately D. Naturally
解析　B　由该句的"decided to become the manager of a boxer"，再结合语境可知，他最终决定做一名拳击手的经纪人。ultimately表示"最终"，故B项正确。generally笼统地，大概；immediately立刻；naturally自然地。
6.A. forced B. promised
C. motivated D. forbade
解析　C　由上句可知，这位拳击手赢得了世界冠军；结合该句的"take up the piano and practise much harder"可知，这激励了他继续更加努力地练习钢琴，motivate表示"激励"，故C项正确。force强迫，promise承诺，forbid禁止。
7.A. realistic B. emotional
C. struggling D. striking
解析　D　由该句的"gave his first concert at the Carnegie Hall"，再结合常识可知，第一次在卡耐基音乐厅演奏音乐是他一生中最高光的时刻。striking表示"惊人的，异乎寻常的"，符合语境。
8.A. pain B. cuts
C. tension D. sensitivities
解析　A　由句中的"unbearable 　8　 in his hands caused by too much　9　"可知，数年后他又因双手疼痛难忍而停止了演奏，故A项正确。pain疼痛。
9.A. conducting B. playing
C. instruction D. competition
解析　B　由上文的"take up the piano"和该句中的"too much"可知，由于弹（play）钢琴太多，所以他双手疼痛，故B项正确。conduct组织，指挥；instruction用法说明，操作指南；competition竞争。
10.A. career B. popularity
C. condition D. behavior
解析　A　由上文的"became a politician"可知，他在四十多岁时成了一名政治家；再结合该句中的"couldn’t stand this 　10　"可知，但是他无法忍受这一职业。career表示"职业"，故A项正确。popularity流行，普及，受欢迎；condition条件；behavior行为，举止。
11.A. existed B. remained
C. occurred D. continued
解析　C　由句中的"something unexpected"可知，一切都很顺利，直到他离开一场音乐会时发生了意想不到的事情。occur表示"发生"，故C项正确。
12.A. found B. suffered
C. cured D. nursed
解析　B　由该句中的"a serious brain injury"可知，他的大脑受了严重的损伤。suffer表示"遭受"，故B项正确。
13.A. patience B. care
C. pleasure D. determination
解析　D　由句中的"he played just with his left hand"可知，带着极大的决心，他用左手弹钢琴。determination表示"决心"，故D项正确。
14.A. fancied B. considered
C. made D. chose
解析　C　由句中的"himself a conductor"可知，左手丧失功能后，他又使自己成为一名指挥家，故C项正确。fancy喜欢，想要；consider考虑，认为；choose选择。
15.A. measures B. chances
C. courage D. trouble
解析　D　由该句中的"Martins is still taking"，再结合上文他丧失左右手的功能、大脑受伤可知，Martins依然尽心尽力工作，take trouble to do sth.表示"不辞劳苦地做某事"，故D项正确。Unit 5 A delicate world
一、阅读理解
A
[2023江西南昌一模]A new study suggests that pollution of all kinds kills nearly 9 million people worldwide each year. Air pollution from industrial processes and the expansion of cities accounted for about 75％ of the deaths， researchers found. The study was based on examinations of worldwide death rates and pollution levels.
The study separated traditional pollutants from modern pollutants. Examples of traditional pollutants are indoor smoke or waste water. Modern pollutants include air pollution from vehicles or industrial activities and poisonous chemicals. The researchers found that deaths from traditional pollutants are dropping worldwide. But they remain a major problem in Africa and some other developing countries. In some countries， state programs to cut indoor air pollution and improvements in sanitation （卫生设备） have helped reduce death rates. In Ethiopia and Nigeria， for example， such efforts cut deaths by two-thirds between 2000 and 2019， the study found.
Modern kinds of pollution are rising in most countries， especially developing ones， the researchers said. Deaths caused by modern pollutants — heavy metals， agricultural chemicals and carbon emissions — are "skyrocketing"， said the study co-writer Rachael Kupka. She heads the New York-based Global Alliance on Health and Pollution. Kupka said deaths linked to modern pollutants had risen by 66％ since 2000.
"Nine million deaths are a lot of deaths，" Philip Landrigan told The Associated Press about the study’s results. He is the director of the Global Public Health Program and Global Pollution Observatory at Boston College in Massachusetts."The bad news is that it’s not decreasing，" Landrigan added."We’re making gains in the easy stuff， and we’re seeing the more difficult stuff — outdoor industrial air pollution and chemical pollution — still going up."
The study makes several suggestions for ways to cut the number of deaths. These include creating better recording and reporting methods and stronger government policies to reduce pollution linked to industrial activities and vehicle emissions.
"We absolutely know how to solve pollution problems，" said the study co-author Richard Fuller."What’s missing is political will."
　　本文主要讲述了一项新的研究，该研究发现每年死于环境污染的人数众多，且现代化污染还在加剧。文章还提到了研究人员的相关看法和提议。
【词语积累】　expansion n.扩张，扩展，扩大，膨胀
account for（数量、比例上）占；对……负责；导致
poisonous adj.有毒的
1.What can be learned from the study about pollution？
A. Air pollution killed 9 million people last year.
B. Cutting indoor air pollution is the best policy.
C. Traditional pollution is very serious in Nigeria.
D. Traditional pollutants cause less deaths than before.
解析　D　细节理解题。由第二段中的"The researchers found that deaths from traditional pollutants are dropping worldwide"可知，世界范围内传统污染物造成的死亡人数在下降，换句话说，就是比以前少了，故D项正确。
2.What does the underlined word "skyrocketing" probably mean in paragraph 3？
A. Improving. B. Increasing.
C. Reducing. D. Worsening.
解析　B　词义猜测题。由画线词后的"deaths linked to modern pollutants had risen by 66％ since 2000"可知，现代化污染物造成的死亡人数在上升，故B项与画线词的意思最为接近。
3.What can be inferred from Philip Landrigan’s words？
A. It is easy to fight modern pollution.
B. Outdoor air pollution is decreasing.
C. Modern pollution still concerns people.
D. It is hard to tell the reasons for pollution.
解析　C　推理判断题。由第四段中Philip Landrigan所说的话可知，900万的死亡人数是一个很大的数字，且还存在更麻烦的事物——户外工业空气污染和化学污染还在增加，由第二段第三句话可知，两者均为现代化污染，所以此处是说现代化污染还在加剧，据此可以推断，Philip Landrigan认为现代化污染仍让人们担忧，故C项正确。
4.What might be talked about in the paragraph that follows？
A. Methods to reduce pollution.
B. The government’s response to pollution.
C. Suggestions for industrial activities.
D. The damage caused by vehicle emissions.
解析　B　推理判断题。由最后一段中的"What’s missing is political will"和逻辑可以推断，最后一段既然提到了现在还缺乏政治意愿，那么接下来应该会讲到政策（政府）方面对污染的回应，故B项正确。
B
[生态环保/2024江苏南通、海安开学考]US forests could worsen global warming instead of easing it because they are being destroyed by natural disasters and are losing their ability to absorb planet-warming gases as they get older， a new Agriculture Department report says.
US forests currently absorb 11 percent of US carbon emissions， or 150 million metric tons of carbon a year， equal to the combined emissions from 40 coal power plants， the report says. It predicts that the ability of forests to absorb carbon will start falling quickly after 2025 and that forests could emit up to 100 million metric tons of carbon a year as their emissions from rotting trees exceed their carbon absorption. Forests could become a "substantial carbon source" by 2070， the USDA report says.
"The prediction suggests that the loss of forests as a natural carbon absorber will require the US to cut emissions more rapidly to reach net zero，" said Lynn Riley， a senior manager of climate science at the American Forest Foundation.
"10 percent of our domestic emissions. That is a really significant portion，" Riley said."As we work to decarbonize...forests are one of the greatest tools at our disposal. If we were to lose that， it means the US will contribute that much more in emissions."
"The loss of cab on absorption is driven in part by natural disasters such as wildfires， tornadoes and hurricanes， which are increasing in frequency and strength as global temperatures rise. The disasters destroy forests， disrupting their ecosystem and decreasing their ability to absorb carbon，" Riley said.
Exploitation of forested areas， which the report projects will continue to increase， is having the same effect as people increasingly move to the so-called wild and urban interface.
The trees’ ability to absorb carbon weakens over time. Older， mature trees absorb less carbon than younger trees of the same species， and the US forests are rapidly aging， the report found.
"More aggressive forest management can help by cutting down a small portion of aging forests to make ways for younger trees that absorb more carbon，" Riley said. "A thorough study of each forest should be done before removing older trees，" Riley said， comparing forest management to prescribing the proper drugs to a patient.
　　本文是一篇说明文。美国农业部的一份新报告称，美国的森林正在遭受自然灾害的破坏，随着年龄的增长，它们正在失去吸收温室气体的能力，这可能会加剧全球变暖，而不是缓解全球变暖。文章对此进行了详细介绍。
1.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage？
A. Coal power plants emit 150 million metric tons of carbon every year.
B. Cutting down all older trees is an effective way to solve the problem.
C. A new study of forests should be conducted after removing older trees.
D. Forests are likely to shift from a carbon absorber to an emission source.
解析　D　细节理解题。由第二段最后两句"It predicts that the ability of forests to absorb carbon will start falling quickly after 2025 and that forests could emit up to 100 million metric tons of carbon a year as their emissions from rotting trees exceed their carbon absorption. Forests could become a ‘substantial carbon source’ by 2070， the USDA report says"可知，森林很可能从碳吸收者转变为排放源，故选D。
2.What can we infer from what Riley said in paragraphs 3 and 4？
A. Forests play a crucial role in holding carbon.
B. Forests are no longer a natural carbon absorber.
C. The US makes contributions to decarbonization.
D. Achieving net zero emissions is within easy reach.
解析　A　推理判断题。由Riley在第三段和第四段所说的话，尤其是第四段中的"As we work to decarbonize...forests are one of the greatest tools at our disposal. If we were to lose that， it means the US will contribute that much more in emissions"可知，森林在储存碳方面起着至关重要的作用，故选A。
3.The following factors can cause the loss of carbon absorption EXCEPT 　　　　.
A. aging forests B. natural disasters
C. global warming D. the development of forests
解析　D　细节理解题。由第五段中的"The loss of cab on absorption is driven in part by natural disasters such as wildfires， tornadoes and hurricanes， which are increasing in frequency and strength as global temperatures rise"可知，自然灾害和全球变暖都会降低碳吸收；由第一段"US forests could worsen global warming instead of easing it because they are being destroyed by natural disasters and are losing their ability to absorb planet-warming gases as they get older， a new Agriculture Department report says"可知，树木老化也会降低碳吸收，故选D。
4.What is the best title for the passage？
A. Cutting Carbon Helps Slow Global Warming
B. Global Warming Is Becoming Worse Gradually
C. Forests Are Losing Their Ability to Hold Carbon
D. Planting More Trees Is at the Top of the Agenda
解析　C　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要是讲随着树木的老化，森林正在失去吸收温室气体的能力，故C项做文章标题最佳。
二、完形填空
[2024云南三校第二次联考]Hurricane Ian hit Florida and brought with it flooding， winds and a record high storm.
Karen is 84 years old and relies on a wheelchair to　1　 because she missed a leg. Her son Johnny tried 　2　 to get her to leave， but she refused again and again — she 　3　 the intensity of the storm.
Johnny lives four blocks away. When Karen reported the water in her house had reached her waist， he knew he had to take　4　.
First， Johnny　5　 his kids were taken care of. He gave them food and opened the attic （阁楼） so that they could 　6　 through the roof if water continued to rise. Then， he jumped out of a window and began to 　7　.
Johnny was racing against the clock. He knew he only had a（n）　8　 period of time to get there before the water rose above Karen’s 　9　. It took him 40 minutes to swim four blocks. The sound of Karen yelling was 　10　 to his ears！ She was still alive！
Everyone in Johnny’s family is now　11　 although they’ve lost everything they owned. But they’re 　12　 just to be here.
"I didn’t lose　13　. Life is like a computer， there’re two 　14　： a reset and a power — and we are blessed that it was just a reset button， not the power， that got 　15　，" he said.
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了强烈的暴风雨发生时，Johnny游了四个街区，去救因缺少一条腿而坐轮椅的母亲。虽然这场暴风雨让他们失去了家里所有的东西，但幸运的是，一家人都安全地活下来了，这是很重要的。
1.A. get around B. help out
C. sit up D. work out
解析　A　由"because she missed a leg"可知，Karen需要依靠轮椅出行，故选A。get around出行，help out帮……摆脱困难，sit up坐直，work out解决。
2.A. simply B. repeatedly
C. obviously D. particularly
解析　B　由"but she refused again and again"可知，她儿子让她离开家里，但是她一遍又一遍拒绝了儿子，由此可知，她的儿子再三试图让她离开，故选B。simply简单地；repeatedly重复地，再三；obviously显然； particularly尤其，特别。
3.A. calculated B. identified
C. experienced D. underestimated
解析　D　句意：她的儿子Johnny再三试图让她离开，但她一次又一次地拒绝了——她低估了暴风雨的强度。calculate计算，identify认出，experience经历，underestimate低估。D项符合语境。
4.A. care B. place
C. action D. charge
解析　C　由"When Karen reported the water in her house had reached her waist， he knew he had to take 　4　"可知，在听到母亲说家里的水已经到了她的腰部时，Johnny意识到他必须采取行动去救母亲，故选C。care关心，place地方，action行动，charge费用。
5.A. proved B. ensured
C. noticed D. admitted
解析　B　由"He gave them food and opened the attic（阁楼）"和文章提到他听到母亲说她家里的水已经到腰部可知，Johnny要去帮助母亲，所以他给孩子们食物并打开了阁楼的门，以确保孩子们能够被照顾好，故选B。prove证明，ensure确保， notice注意，admit承认。
6.A. expand B. assist
C. escape D. dominate
解析　C　由"if water continued to rise"可知，如果水位继续上升，孩子们可以通过阁楼走到屋顶，然后逃出去，故选C。 expand扩大，assist帮助，escape逃脱，dominate统治。
7.A. run B. ride
C. drive D. swim
解析　7.D　由"It took him 40 minutes to swim four blocks"和文章介绍暴风雨很大可知，Johnny是游到母亲家的，故选D。
8.A. short B. efficient
C. ideal D. indefinite
解析　A　由"before the water rose above Karen’s 　9　"和上文提到Karen坐在轮椅上，水已经到了她的腰部，且暴风雨很大可知，水很快就会淹没Karen，所以说Johnny只有很短的时间游到母亲家里，故选A。short短的，efficient有效率的，ideal理想的，indefinite无限期的。
9.A. waist B. ankles
C. head D. knees
解析　C　由"before the water rose above Karen’s 　9　"可知，暴风雨很大，所以水很快就会没过Karen的头，将她淹没，故选C。
10.A. harm B. music
C. advice D. news
解析　B　由"She was still alive！"可知，听到母亲的声音，他很高兴，知道母亲还活着，所以此处将母亲的声音比作音乐，突出他很高兴，故选B。
11.A. responsible B. remarkable
C. innocent D. safe
解析　D　虽然他们失去了所有的东西，但是Johnny家里的每个人现在都安全了。responsible负责任的，remarkable非凡的，innocent无罪的，safe安全的。D项符合语境。
12.A. grateful B. sure
C. concerned D. surprised
解析　A　由"Everyone in Johnny’s family is now 　11　"和"we are blessed"可知，他们都在暴风雨中幸存下来，所以他们心存感激，故选A。grateful感激的，sure肯定的，concerned担忧的，surprised惊讶的。
13.A. memory B. hope
C. sight D. weight
解析　B　由"we are blessed that it was just a reset button， not the power"可知，Johnny认为他们只是需要重新开启生活，这说明他没有失去希望，故选B。
14.A. screens B. keyboards
C. buttons D. monitors
解析　C　句意：生活就像一台电脑，有两个按钮：一个是复位按钮，一个是电源按钮。我们很幸运，按下的只是复位按钮，而不是电源按钮。C项符合语境。
15.A. prepared B. separated
C. injured D. hit
解析　D　参见上题解析。prepare准备，separate分离，injure受伤，hit按。
三、语法填空
[生态环保/]Snowpack， sea ice， and glaciers （冰川） are melting（融化） around the world. One obvious effect of climate change is the rapid 1　　　　　（disappear） of glaciers. The decline of glaciers in the Glacier National Park 2　　　　　　（document） continually with photos is worrying. Glaciers around the world are melting more quickly 3　　　　　　 snow and ice can build them up. In fact， the Arctic is warming at a rate of two to three times 4　　　　　　 global average， faster than any other place on Earth. This 5　　　　　　（lead） to a 40 percent decrease and even more in the minimum summer sea ice cover since 1978.Melted ice in the ocean is bound 6　　　　　　（cause） more fresh and less dense（密度大的） water in the North Atlantic， which could potentially disturb a pattern of ocean circulation that 7　　　　　　（drive） by the sinking of cold， salty water in the North Atlantic， known as thermohaline circulation.
The Arctic ecosystem is 8　　　　　　（easy） hurt by global warming. As the ice melts， animals there may have to adapt to a new way of life， or risk 9　　　　　　（die） out. Dr. Tom Brown said， "The Arctic food chain relies heavily on a stable sea ice platform and that is now disappearing， which puts the region’s wildlife 10　　　　　 risk."
　　本文是说明文。全世界的冰川因气候变暖而大量融化，这会带来诸多问题。
1.disappearance　考查名词。空处所填词作表语，表示"消失"，故填不可数名词disappearance。
2.documented　考查非谓语动词。空处所填词作定语，修饰decline。document"记录"与被修饰词是逻辑上的动宾关系，且非谓语所表示动作已完成，故填documented。
3.than　考查连词。由"more quickly"可知，空处填than"比"。
4.the　考查冠词。"倍数＋the size/height/weight/length/width/depth/..."是倍数表达结构，故填the。
5.hasled　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句中的时间状语"since 1978"表明空处用现在完成时，主语表示单数意义，且与lead为主谓关系，故填has led。
6.tocause　考查非谓语动词。be bound to do sth.表示"注定会做某事，一定会做某事"，是固定搭配。
7.isdriven　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。that引导定语从句并在从句中作主语，指代a pattern of ocean circulation， that与drive"驱动，推动"之间是被动关系，且此处描述客观情况，故用一般现在时的被动语态。注意：空后的by也是被动语态的暗示。
8.easily　考查副词。空处所填词修饰谓语动词，应用副词形式。
9.dying　考查非谓语动词。risk doing sth.表示"有做某事的风险"，为固定用法，故填dying。
10.at　考查介词。at risk表示"有风险"，为固定短语。Unit 4 Breaking boundaries
一、阅读理解
A
[中国情怀/2023江苏徐州5月考前模拟]At a restaurant in Singapore， a server is busy swerving between tables and bringing dishes to hungry customers. However， the server is not a human but a delivery robot developed by Shanghai-based unicorn Keenon Robotics. The restaurant’s cute cartoon-like employee adds a sense of warmth to help personalize the dining experience.
In recent years， delivery robots have been popular in foreign countries. According to Li Tong， founder and CEO of Keenon Robotics， sales revenue of Keenon almost doubled last year and more than half of the company’s robots were shipped to foreign markets in 2022.
Founded in 2010， Keenon Robotics leverages its fully autonomous positioning and navigation technology to offer robots both at home and abroad， including server， disinfection， delivery and logistics robots.
"In the field of industrial robots， which is known as ‘the crown jewel of manufacturing’， Chinese companies have already turned from followers to leaders. Core components used to rely heavily on imports， but in recent years we have achieved breakthroughs in crucial technologies and are quickly catching up，" Li said.
China is the world’s largest market for the industrial robot industry. Sales of industrial robots in China reached over 300，000 units last year， accounting for more than half of global sales. A research report said the world’s service robotics market is projected to grow from $36.2 billion in 2021 to $103.3 billion by 2026 and high returns on investment is the key factor driving the service robotics market.
With such advantages as relatively low manufacturing costs and a sound domestic supply and industrial chain， Chinese robotics companies are expected to further knock on the doors of rising markets globally. However， Zhang Weijiong， a professor from the China Europe International Business School， pointed out that there are still problems. They must abide by the laws and regulations overseas and follow various industrial and technical standards. Therefore， they need to establish corresponding channels and teams to facilitate robotics products to enter the international market.
　　这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了在被称为"制造业皇冠上的明珠"的工业机器人领域，中国公司已经从追随者变成了领导者。凭借相对较低的制造成本和完善的国内供应链和产业链等优势，中国机器人公司有望进一步敲开全球新兴市场的大门。
1.What does the underlined word "leverages" in paragraph 3 mean？
A. Applies. B. Imports.
C. Changes. D. Evaluates.
解析　A　词义猜测题。由"its fully autonomous positioning and navigation technology to offer robots both at home and abroad， including server， disinfection， delivery and logistics robots"可知，下文说的是其全自主的定位和导航技术的具体应用。由此可知，画线词的含义应为"应用"，故选A项。
2.What contributes to the arising of the Chinese service robots overseas？
A. Lowered prices.
B. Enhanced purchasing power.
C. Mastering core technologies.
D. Enough human resources.
解析　C　细节理解题。由第四段中的"In the field of industrial robots， which is known as ‘the crown jewel of manufacturing’， Chinese companies have already turned from followers to leaders. Core components used to rely heavily on imports， but in recent years we have achieved breakthroughs in crucial technologies and are quickly catching up"可知，为中国的服务机器人在海外的崛起做贡献的是关键技术上取得的突破，故选C项。
3.What does Professor Zhang Weijiong emphasize？
A. The advantages of Chinese robotics companies.
B. The golden opportunity to expand robot export.
C. Comparisons of domestic and overseas markets.
D. A few challenges Chinese robotics firms face.
解析　D　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的"However， Zhang Weijiong， a professor from the China Europe International Business School， pointed out that there are still problems"可推知，张教授认为中国机器人公司面临挑战，故选D项。
4.Which of the following could be the best title for the passage？
A. Boosting of overseas market
B. Popularity of delivery robots
C. Crown jewel of manufacturing
D. Rising of Chinese industrial robots
解析　D　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了中国工业机器人的崛起，故选D项。
B
[2024湖北名校第一次联合测评]Desperately ill and seeking a miracle， David Bennett Sr. took the last bet on Jan. 7 when he became the first human to be successfully transplanted with the heart of a pig."It creates the beat； it creates the pressure； it is his heart，" declared Bartley Griffith， director of the surgical team that performed the operation at the University of Maryland Medical Center.
Bennett， then 57， held on through 60 tomorrows， far longer than any previous patient who’d received a heart from another species. His remarkable run offered new hope that such procedures， known as xenotransplantation （异种器官移植）， could help relieve the shortage of replacement organs， saving thousands of lives each year.
The earliest attempts at xenotransplantation of organs， involving kidneys from rabbits， goats， and other animals， occurred in the early 20th century， decades before the first successful human-to-human transplants. Rejection， which occurs when the recipient’s body system recognizes the donor organ as a foreign object and attacks it， followed within hours or days. Results improved after some special drugs arrived in the 1960s， but most recipients still died after a few weeks. The record for a heart xenotransplant was set in 1983， when an infant named Baby Fae survived for 20 days with an organ from a baboon （狒狒）.
In recent years， however， advances in gene editing have opened a new possibility： re-edit some genes in animals to provide user-friendly spare parts. Pigs could be ideal for this purpose， because they’re easy to raise and reach adult human size in months. Some biotech companies， including Revivicor， are investing heavily in the field. The donor pig was offered by Revivicor from a line of animals in which 10 genes had been re-edited to improve the heart’s condition. Beyond that， the pig was raised in isolation and tested regularly for viruses that could infect humans or damage the organ itself.
This medical breakthrough provided an alternative for the 20％ of patients on the heart transplant waiting list who die while waiting or become too sick to be a good candidate.
　　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了第一个成功移植猪心脏的人，他坚持了60天，比以往任何接受过其他物种心脏移植的病人都要长得多。他的出色表现给人们带来了新的希望，即这种被称为异种移植的手术可以帮助缓解替代器官的短缺，每年挽救数千人的生命。这一医学突破为心脏移植等待名单上20％的患者提供了另一种选择。
1.What does the underlined word "run" in paragraph 2 refer to？
A. Donating his heart to a patient.
B. Performing the heart operation.
C. Living for 60 days after the operation.
D. Receiving a new heart from a pig.
解析　C　词语指代题。由第二段"Bennett， then 57， held on through 60 tomorrows， far longer than any previous patient who’d received a heart from another species. His remarkable run ... saving thousands of lives each year"可知，His remarkable run指的是上文提到的"当时57岁的Bennett坚持了60天"，即接受猪心脏移植手术后活了60天，故选C。
2.Which aspect of xenotransplantation does paragraph 3 mainly focus on？
A. Its history. B. Its procedure.
C. Its consequence. D. Its significance.
解析　A　段落大意题。通读第三段可知，第三段主要介绍了异种器官移植的历史，故选A。
3.What makes pigs ideal for providing spare parts in xenotransplantation？
A. Their growth rate and health condition.
B. Their life pattern and resistance to viruses.
C. Their easiness of keeping and rapid growth.
D. Their investment value and natural qualities.
解析　C　细节理解题。根据第四段中的"Pigs could be ideal for this purpose， because they’re easy to raise and reach adult human size in months."可知，猪易养且生长速度快，是异种器官移植的理想供体，故选C。
4.Why was Bennett’s operation regarded as a breakthrough？
A. It introduced new medications to prevent organ rejection.
B. It proved the potential for using organs from various animals.
C. It guaranteed a sufficient supply of donor pigs for transplants.
D. It offered a prospect of replacement organs through gene editing.
解析　D　推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的"In recent years， however， advances in gene editing have opened a new possibility： re-edit some genes in animals to provide user-friendly spare parts."及最后一段"This medical breakthrough provided an alternative for the 20％ of patients on the heart transplant waiting list who die while waiting or become too sick to be a good candidate"可推知，Bennett的手术被认为是一个突破，因为它提供了通过基因编辑替代器官的前景，故选D。
二、完形填空
[奋斗精神/2024重庆巴蜀中学高考适应性考试]Shawn Cheshire rode across the country on her bicycle， depending on Jesse Crandall， a chemistry professor， to guide her every step of the way. Cheshire lost her 　1　 after an accident years ago and turned to 　2　 because she believed sports and physical challenges gave her "another opportunity of 　3　". Through a friendship with Crandall， she has 　4　 bicycling to her activities， traveling across the country， meeting and inspiring people all along the way.
To Crandall， teaching and guiding are about helping others through　5　."For many students， chemistry is something they have no experience with，" Crandall said."So， when I’m teaching， it helps to think about my experiences 　6　 my blind friend Cheshire. Then I try talking about the lesson in a language that，　7　， everybody can understand."
Crandall and Cheshire have been skiing， climbing and bicycling together for the past decade. In 2018， the 　8　 faced the steep terrain of the Grand Canyon， completing a 　9　 hiking in just over 24 hours. As they walked 42 miles through the night， Cheshire 　10　warnings of dangers from Crandall， as well as the noise of the bell he wore， which 　11　 as they advanced. In 2021， Cheshire 　12　 another world record by riding her own bicycle from the Pacific Ocean to the Atlantic Ocean.
While their next adventure remains uncertain， Crandall knows that there are no　13　 with Cheshire. They have discussed skiing across Antarctica as a potential future endeavor. Their 　14　and shared determination will continue to motivate others to overcome setbacks and 　15　 boundaries.
　　本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是Shawn Cheshire失明后在化学教授的指导和陪同下一起滑雪、登山和骑自行车，突破自身极限的励志故事。
1.A. hearing B. sight
C. balance D. mind
解析　B　由第6空后的"my blind friend Cheshire"可知，她是失明了，lose one’s sight意为"失明"，故选B。
2.A. religion B. nature
C. athletics D. art
解析　C　由"sports and physical challenges"可知，她在失明后开始进行体育活动，故选C。
3.A. living B. winning
C. learning D. testing
解析　A　由"traveling across the country， meeting and inspiring people all along the way"可知，她觉得运动可以给她另一种生活的机会，故选A。
4.A. introduced B. adapted
C. added D. applied
解析　C　由"to her activities" 和下文中的"bicycling together"可知，她开始骑行，也就是把骑自行车加入到她的活动中，add...to...意为"把……加入到……中"，故选C。
5.A. disasters B. obstacles
C. delays D. injuries
解析　B　对Crandall来说，教学和指导与帮助他人克服障碍有关。disaster灾难，obstacle障碍，delay推迟，injury伤。B项切题。
6.A. interviewing B. evaluating
C. following D. coaching
解析　D　由第一段中的"depending on Jesse Crandall， a chemistry professor， to guide her every step of the way"可知，Crandall指导盲人朋友Cheshire，故选D。interview采访；evaluate评价；follow跟随；coach训练，指导。
7.A. theoretically B. unexpectedly
C. occasionally D. hopefully
解析　D　句意：然后我试着用一种每个人都有望理解的语言来讲述这堂课。theoretically理论上，unexpectedly出乎意料地，occasionally偶尔，hopefully有希望地。故选D。
8.A. pair B. family
C. community D. army
解析　A　句意：2018年，两人面对科罗拉多大峡谷陡峭的地形，在24小时内完成了一次具有挑战性的徒步旅行。Crandall和Cheshire是两个人，故选A。
9.A. refreshing B. relaxing
C. challenging D. tragic
解析　C　由"the steep terrain of the Grand Canyon"可知，大峡谷地形陡峭，所以这是一次有挑战性的徒步旅行，故选C。refreshing使人振奋的，relaxing令人放松的，challenging具有挑战性的，tragic悲惨的。
10.A. cared about B. listened for
C. prepared for D. responded to
解析　B　句意：他们在夜间走了42英里，Cheshire一边听着Crandall发出的危险警告，一边听着他戴的铃铛发出的声音，铃铛随着他们的前进作响。care about关心，listen for倾听，prepare for为……做准备，respond to回答。故选B。
11.A. broke B. fell
C. shone D. sounded
解析　D　参见上题解析。sound发出声音。
12.A. set B. monitored
C. funded D. issued
解析　A　由"by riding her own bicycle from the Pacific Ocean to the Atlantic Ocean"可知，Cheshire自己骑自行车从太平洋到大西洋，这是一项世界纪录，所以她是创下了这项纪录，set a record意为"创造纪录"，故选A。
13.A. secrets B. promises
C. limits D. choices
解析　C　由上文"Cheshire 　12　 another world record by riding her own bicycle from the Pacific Ocean to the Atlantic Ocean"可知，Cheshire虽然失明，但是却能创造这样的纪录，所以Crandall觉得Cheshire的能力是没有极限的，故选C。
14.A. bond B. encouragement
C. techniques D. preferences
解析　14.A　由第一段中的"Shawn Cheshire rode across the country on her bicycle， depending on Jesse Crandall， a chemistry professor， to guide her every step of the way"可知，Shawn Cheshire由化学教授Jesse Crandall指导，骑着自行车横穿全国，所以他们两个的关系是很紧密的，此处表示"他们的关系"，故选A。bond关系，encouragement鼓励，technique技巧，preference偏爱。
15.A. establish B. push
C. respect D. maintain
解析　15.B　由"overcome setbacks"和"boundaries"可知，此处表示克服挫折，突破界限，push boundaries意为"突破界限"，故选B。
三、语法填空
[中华文化/2024浙江强基联盟10月统测]Ancient Chinese healing methods 1　　　　　（spread） along the Silk Road for over two millennia， but the Belt and Road Initiative （BRI） has further boosted the internationalization of the traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）.
Currently celebrating its 10th anniversary， the BRI，2　　　　　 aims are to better connect the world and expand common prosperity， has brought the healing powers of TCM 3　　　　　 more countries and regions， bridging different cultures and promoting international cooperation.
In Budapest， the Traditional Chinese Medicine Center of Hungary （Qihuang Center） provides4　　　　　 ray of hope for patients seeking relief from various health issues. One such patient is Jozsef Frenyo， a 78-year-old 5　　　　　（retire） teacher who suffers from hearing impairment due to an inflammation （发炎） of the middle ear five years ago. Since then， he had to use a hearing aid — until he visited the Qihuang Center months ago when a "miracle" 6　　　　　（occur）.
After7　　　　　（give） more than 10 acupuncture treatments by TCM expert Zhang Haifang， from northwest China’s Gansu Province， Jozsef’s hearing improved 8　　　　　（significant）. He no longer needs the hearing aid.
The center has also helped Jozsef’s son， Csaba Frenyo， who has been struggling with obesity-related health9　　　　　（issue）. A combination of acupuncture and herbal medicine treatments helped him lose nine kilograms within a month，10　　　　　（ease） his back and knee pains.
这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国古代的治疗方法已经沿着丝绸之路传播了两千多年，但"一带一路"倡议进一步推动了中医药的国际化。
1.havespread/havebeenspreading　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，空处所填词作谓语。由时间状语for over two millennia可知，此处应用现在完成时或现在完成进行时来强调动作从古至今的延续；主语Ancient Chinese healing methods与spread为主谓关系，故填have spread/have been spreading。
2.whose　考查定语从句。分析句子可知，空处所填词引导非限制性定语从句，aims与先行词the BRI之间是所属关系，空处应用关系代词whose。
3.to　考查介词。bring...to...意为"把……带到……"，为固定用法。
4.a　考查冠词。固定短语a ray of hope表示"一线希望"。
5.retired　考查形容词。空后的teacher为名词，此处用形容词retired"退休的"作定语修饰该名词。
6.occurred　考查时态和语态。分析句子可知，此处表示过去的一般情况，句子使用一般过去时，且主语miracle与occur为主谓关系，故填occurred。
7.beinggiven　考查非谓语动词。由空前的After可知，空处应填动名词，give和Jozsef为被动关系，故填being given。
8.significantly　考查副词。副词significantly作状语修饰动词improved。
9.issues　考查名词的数。issue（问题）为可数名词。结合语境可知，此处表示复数意义，故填issues。
10.easing　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处应用非谓语动词作状语。此处表示自然而然的结果和主动关系，故用现在分词的一般主动式。Unit 3 Times change
一、阅读理解
A
The discovery of a special red purse has offered a look into what everyday life was like for a 1950s teenager in Ohio. In 2019， a caretaker at North Canton Middle School was repairing lockers when he discovered a purse jammed behind a piece of metal. Although the purse was dusty and dirty， its contents were well preserved. They belonged to Patti Rumfola who lost the purse in 1957 when she was a teenager attending what was then Hoover High School.
The things found in the bag tell the story of a teenager who got involved in her community and did lots of practical things， was organized， and loved her family. Among the things found were her American Junior Red Cross card， tickets， wheat pennies， pens， a pocket calendar， and photos of her friends and family.
Once the school determined Rumfola was the rightful owner， they contacted the North Canton Alumni Association in the hope of returning it to her. The organization figured out that Rumfola had graduated from Hoover High School in 1960.Unfortunately， Rumfola passed away in 2013 at the age of 71 in DuBois， Pennsylvania， so she’ll never get to see these things from the past.
But she lived a full life. According to her life story， she was a retired school teacher who worked in Annapolis， Maryland. And as in her youth， she continued doing many things for her community as an adult and helped found the Theatre Arts Guild and the Young Women’s Club in Punxsutawney， Pennsylvania. Rumfola was also a costume designer with the Reitz Theatre who enjoyed spending time with her children and grandchildren.
Because the school could not return Rumfola’s purse to her， they reached out to her grown children. Rumfola’s five children were together for a family gathering where they opened the purse to have a glimpse （短暂的体验） into their mother’s life at Hoover High School. Each of her five children kept one of the wheat pennies as a remembrance of their mom.
　　本文是记叙文。一位管理员在学校偶然发现一个破旧的钱包，它于20世纪50年代丢失，像一个时间胶囊一样，让人得以一窥那时的生活。
【词语积累】　caretaker n.管理员，看管人；照看人，监护人　rightful adj.正确的，公正的，合法的　in the hope of抱着……的希望
1.Why does the author think the red purse special？
A. It was in perfect condition.
B. It had a moving story.
C. It belonged to a special student.
D. It became a time capsule.
解析　D　细节理解题。由第一段第一句"The discovery...offered a look into what everyday life was like for a 1950s teenager in Ohio"和最后一段中的"they opened the purse to have a glimpse（短暂的体验） into their mother’s life"可知，这个钱包就像一个时间胶囊，让人短暂地体验一下过去的那段生活，故选D。
2.Which of the following words can best describe Patti Rumfola？
A. Devoted and helpful.
B. Creative and ambitious.
C. Intelligent and easy-going.
D. Curious and hardworking.
解析　A　推理判断题。由第二段中的"loved her family"和第四段中的"enjoyed spending time with her children and grandchildren"可知，她是一个深爱家人的人；由第二段中的"got involved in her community and did lots of practical things""her American Junior Red Cross card"和第四段中的"continued doing many things for her community as an adult and helped found... Pennsylvania"可知，她是一个乐于助人的人，故选A。
3.What is paragraph 4 mainly about？
A. Rumfola’s career choices.
B. Rumfola’s life experiences.
C. Rumfola’s main attainments.
D. Rumfola’s family commitments.
解析　B　段落大意题。由第四段内容，尤其是"she lived a full life""her life story"可知，本段主要介绍了Rumfola的一些生活经历，故选B。
4.What can be inferred about North Canton Middle School？
A. It was founded in the 1950s.
B. It offers design courses to students.
C. It cares about its previous graduates.
D. It kept a wheat penny as a remembrance.
解析　C　推理判断题。由第三段第一句和最后一段第一句可知，为了把钱包物归原主，学校做了很多努力。由此可以推知，该学校在乎曾经毕业于此的学生，故选C。
B
[2024湖北部分重点中学10月大联考]Just about 50 years ago， needing money to support my family — my novels weren’t bestsellers — I had the idea of taking the longest train trip imaginable and writing a travel book about it. The trip was improvisational （即兴的）. I didn’t have a credit card. I had no idea where I’d be staying or how long this trip would take. And I’d never written a travel book before. I hoped my trip wouldn’t suffer a lot， though it was obviously a leap in the dark.
I set off with one small bag containing clothes， a map of Asia， a travel guidebook and some travelers’ cheques. I was often inconvenienced， sometimes threatened， now and then disturbed for bribes， occasionally laid up with food poisoning — all this vivid detail for my narrative.
What I repeated in the more than four-month trip was the pleasure of the sleeping car. Writing on board the Khyber Mail to Lahore in Pakistan， "The romance associated with the sleeping car comes from the fact that it is extremely private， combining the best features of a cupboard with forward movement. Whatever drama is being shown in this moving bedroom is heightened by the landscape passing the window..." A train is a carrier that allows residence.
I wrote TheGreatRailwayBazaar on my return in 1974， and it appeared to good reviews and quick sales. That’s the past. Nothing is the same. All travel is time-related. All such trips are singular and unrepeatable. It’s not just that the steam trains of Asia are gone， but much of the peace and order is gone. Who’d risk death？
But I’ve been surprised by some recent developments in travel. I rode on Chinese trains for a year and wrote RidingtheIronRooster， but now China has much cleaner and swifter trains and modernized destinations. A traveler today could take the same trip I took in 1986-1987 and produce a completely different book.
All travel books are dated. That’s their fault that they’re outdated， and it’s their virtue that they preserve something of the past that would otherwise be lost.
　　本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章主要讲述了作者早年坐火车旅行并写旅行书籍的事迹，引发了作者对时代变迁和旅行的思考。
1.What happened at the beginning of the author’s trip to Asia？
A. He made full preparations for the trip.
B. He had expected the journey to be rough.
C. He organized the trip with his family’s support.
D. He started the trip out of his passion for traveling.
解析　B　推理判断题。由第一段中的"I didn’t have a credit card. I had no idea where I’d be staying or how long this trip would take. And I’d never written a travel book before. I hoped my trip wouldn’t suffer a lot， though it was obviously a leap in the dark"可知，作者并未对这次旅行做好充分的规划和打算，且准备不足，因此他期望旅途不要遭受太多苦难，由此推知，他预料到旅途会很辛苦，故选B项。
2.Why did the author repeatedly recall the sleeping car？
A. For its romantic scenery.
B. For its reassuring privacy.
C. For its full equipment.
D. For its long distance.
解析　B　细节理解题。由第三段中的"The romance associated with the sleeping car comes from the fact that it is extremely private"可知，作者认为卧铺车厢私密性好，这是作者一再提及卧铺车厢的原因，故选B项。
3.What did the author try to convey by saying "Nothing is the same"？
A. The landscape in Asia was gone.
B. Train trips were no longer popular.
C. He couldn’t write another bestseller.
D. Transportation and travel had changed a lot.
解析　D　推理判断题。"That’s the past"表明上面所讲述的有关火车的美好经历都已经是过去的事了，而"All travel is time-related. All such trips are singular and unrepeatable. It’s not just that the steam trains of Asia are gone， but much of the peace and order is gone"则讲到随着时间和社会的发展，旅行以及旅行方式也随之发生了变化，交通工具不一样了，和平秩序也消失了。由此可知，作者想通过"Nothing is the same"这句话表达"交通方式和旅行本身都变化了很多"这一含义，故选D项。
4.Which of the following statements would the author most likely agree with？
A. Practice makes perfect.
B. Sharp tools make good work.
C. Travel， truth is not the arrival card.
D. The journey， not the arrival matters.
解析　D　推理判断题。由最后一段"All travel books are dated. That’s their fault that they’re outdated， and it’s their virtue that they preserve something of the past that would otherwise be lost"可知，在作者看来，旅行书籍具有时效性，会过时，其记录下来的旅途会成为一种"过去"，这反而是其值得珍惜的地方，因为过去会被遗忘，而这个对旅途的记录会将"过去"保存下来。由此可推知，作者认为旅行的过程才是真正意义所在。因此，作者应是同意选项D的观点。
C
[2023湖北武汉调研]It is reported that rail industry bosses are planning to phase out paper train tickets and shut almost 1，000 station ticket offices in England. The government says nothing has been decided. But the transport secretary， Grant Shapps， points out some stations sell only a handful of tickets each week and the vast majority of transactions （交易） have moved online.
Regardless of the outcome of the plan， the direction of travel is clear. In the name of modernization and cost-cutting， station ticket offices are likely to follow many high street bank branches and rural post offices into memory. For those who have grown used to the advantages of organizing travel via a smartphone， there will be little to mourn （哀悼）. But for people without online access or skills， another small social barrier will have emerged. A recent report estimated that around 6％ of households — 1.5 million homes — have no Internet access. Millions more of us remain irregular and unconfident users of the Internet. Most likely， as digital technology becomes the gatekeeper to everyday life， a significant minority risks being left behind.
The shift online is unavoidable， but its fallout needs to be managed with more care. Technology should not be allowed to drive people to the side of their own lives， which is increasingly the case. Ros Altmann， the former pensions minister， recently wrote of being contacted by an elderly woman who no longer drives to her local park，because she cannot download the car parking app required.
The debate over ticket offices offers an opportunity to reflect more broadly on the increasing role of technology in our social landscape. Clearly， much more needs to be invested in helping marginalized （边缘化的） groups gain easy online access. Alternative offline options must be maintained for important services. Contactable telephone numbers and staffed public access points should always be available. This will cost more. But that is the price of being fair to those who find themselves on the wrong side of the digital divide.
　　英格兰铁路公司打算逐步淘汰纸质火车票，将多数交易转移到互联网上。这说明由于技术的进步，人们的日常生活与互联网的关系更加密切，但在转变的过程中也要关注边缘化人群，否则将会有相当一部分人被抛在后面。
【词语积累】　phase out逐步淘汰　outcome n. 结果；效果　estimate v.估计；估价；估算　irregular adj.无规律的；不规则的　reflect on sth. 认真思考某事　invest v.投资
1.What forces the rail industry to phase out paper train tickets？
A. Costs of Internet access.
B. Closure of station ticket offices.
C. A sharp decline of offline transactions.
D. The government’s efforts to digitize the industry.
解析　C　细节理解题。由第一段中的"some stations sell only a handful of tickets each week and the vast majority of transactions（交易）have moved online"可知，火车票的线下交易量大幅度下滑迫使铁路行业逐步淘汰纸质火车票，故选C。
2.Which of the following might fall victim to the plan？
A. Rural post offices.
B. Irregular Internet users.
C. Unconfident households.
D. High street bank branches.
解析　B　细节理解题。由第二段中的"But for people without online access or skills， another small social barrier will have emerged"可知，对于没有接入网络或网络技能的人来说，取消纸质火车票将会出现障碍，综上可知，如果取消纸质火车票，那些不经常上网的人将成为牺牲品，故选B。
3.How does the author clarify his opinion in paragraph 3？
A. By giving an example.
B. By making a comparison.
C. By citing research data.
D. By offering statistical analysis.
解析　A　写作手法题。由第三段内容尤其是最后一句话"Ros Altmann...who no longer drives to her local park， because she cannot download the car parking app required"可知，Ros Altmann最近写道一位老妇人联系他并告诉他说自己不再开车去当地公园，因为她无法下载所需的停车应用程序。由此可推知，该段是以举例子的方式阐述作者的观点，故选A。
4.What does the author suggest in the last paragraph？
A. Taking the digital divide fairly.
B. Maintaining a diversity of services.
C. Investing more in public transport.
D. Slowing down the pace of modernization.
解析　B　推理判断题。由最后一段中的"much more needs to be invested...and staffed public access points should always be available" 可知，作者建议需要投入更多资金帮助边缘化群体轻松上网；对于重要的服务，必须保留离线选择；应始终提供可联系的电话号码和配备人员的公共接入点。总之，作者建议应保持服务的多样性，故选B。
二、语法填空
[中国情怀/2023江苏南京、盐城三模]Despite its vast distances and huge variety 1　　　　　　 landscapes， getting around in China is convenient and inexpensive. Shining bullet trains zip （快速移动） to all corners of the country， while buses connect smaller towns and villages.
Train travel is the best way to get around China for comfort，2　　　　　　（convenient） and sustainability. China has the world’s 3　　　　　　（long） and most-used high-speed railway network. In between， slower expresses， local and overnight trains connect many smaller towns.
Upgrades and expansions of the railway network continue quickly， with thousands of kilometers of new track laid each year，4　　　　　　 makes it possible to get almost anywhere you want by rail. High-speed trains are usually brand new and 5　　　　　　（amazing） efficient， with both business and regular class 6　　　　　　（section） comfortable and clean. However， it is on the slower， more traditional trains that you’ll see the best of China’s train culture， and have the chance 7　　　　　　（meet） locals， exchange snacks and learn something new as you trundle （慢慢移动） through the Chinese countryside.
For remote parts and small villages， long-distance buses are often 8　　　　　　 only option. Bus tickets tend to be much cheaper than train or air tickets， and bus travel is comfortable， with vehicles 9　　　　　　（range） from express coaches to smaller minibuses. China 10　　　　　　（lead） the way in electrifying its bus fleets （车队）， with around 500，000 electric buses in operation around the country， most of them in cities.
　　本文为说明文，主要介绍了中国蓬勃发展的交通运输业。
1.of　考查介词。variety常与of搭配，variety of意为"各种各样的"。
2.convenience　考查名词。分析句子结构可知，空处与空前的"comfort"和空后的"sustainability"并列作for的宾语，故填名词convenience。
3.longest　考查形容词的级。由语境，尤其是空前的"the world’s"和空后的"most-used"可知，此处表示中国拥有世界上最长、最常用的高速铁路网，故用最高级。
4.which　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前句的内容，并在从句中作主语，故应用which。
5.amazingly　考查副词。修饰形容词efficient应用副词。
6.sections　考查名词单复数。分析句子结构可知，此处"with＋名词＋形容词"构成的with复合结构作状语。由空前的"both business and regular class"可知，这里是列车车厢的两个等级，故可数名词section应用复数形式。
7.tomeet　考查非谓语动词。have the chance to do sth.是固定短语，意为"有做某事的机
会"。
8.the　考查冠词。option前有限定词only，故此处表特指，填the。
9.ranging　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处应用非谓语动词。vehicles与range之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故填ranging。
10.leads/isleading　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。此处描述中国在电动汽车方面的世界地位，故既可用一般现在时描述客观现状，也可用现在进行时描述中国正处于引领地位。主语表示单数意义，且与lead为主谓关系，故填leads/is leading。Unit 2 Improving yourself
一、阅读理解
A
[2023河南郑州二测]I never imagined that someone telling me I looked skinny would anger me. And yet， I was made very angry when a colleague pinched （捏）my waist and screamed， "Rosa， you’ve lost weight. You look great！" The truth is that I was tired and not taking care of myself. I decided to start a proper weight-loss program.
The first to go would be road rage （路怒）.I am in far less control of this weight than any other. Every time something gets in the way， I fly off the handle. I need to lose road rage！ No， no more speed. Instead， I now repeat the words， "I am not in a hurry." This year， I will drive safely， allowing the "stupid" to happen all around me. From that， I hope to gain patience.
Next is guilt. When guilt drives my conscience to do better， it’s functional. But when it presents itself as an internal dialogue that goes nowhere， it’s useless. This year， I want to stop feeling guilty for not keeping a cleaner house， for spending time away from my children to be with friends， for not attending every party because I’d rather be at home， or for watching TV when I should be reading. My image and performance are not at the back of anyone else’s mind but my own. From this， I hope to gain freedom to be myself.
The last is fear. Fear has held me back. Fear of failure has prevented me from being a writer. Fear of embarrassment has prevented me from giving an opinion. Fear of being rejected has stopped me from aiming higher in my life. Fear of regret has led me into situations that made me uncomfortable. If I can lose any one of these fears， I stand to gain experience.
So， if I can lose the rage， shake off some guilt， and take fear off my plate， I stand to gain patience， freedom， and experience. Pound for pound I have not lost a thing but I will be much lighter. Next time， I hope my colleague looks me in the eye to see my glow instead of pinching part of me that has nothing to do with how great I really look.
　　作者开展了一个恰当的"减肥"项目：一、丢掉路怒，变得有耐心。二、丢掉愧疚，让自己能够拥有更多的自由。三、丢掉恐惧，增加经验。
1.What does the underlined part "fly off the handle" in paragraph 2 probably mean？
A. Pick up speed. B. Drive off.
C. Feel quite nervous. D. Become very angry.
解析　D　词义猜测题。由第二段中的"The first to go would be road rage（路怒）""Instead， I now repeat the words...From that， I hope to gain patience"可知，作者想丢掉的第一个东西就是路怒。作者想由之前的有东西挡道就变得非常生气转变成有耐心、不慌不忙的人，故画线部分意思与D项最为接近。
2.What has made the author feel guilty before？
A. Attending too many parties.
B. Reading much with her children.
C. Wasting her time in watching TV.
D. Spending little time with her friends.
解析　C　细节理解题。由第三段中的"This year， I want to stop feeling guilty for not keeping a cleaner house...or for watching TV when I should be reading"可知，今年，作者想要停止因为没有保持房子更整洁，或者因为在该阅读的时候看了电视而感到内疚的想法，由此可知，作者以前会因自己浪费时间看电视而感到内疚，故C项正确。
3.How has fear affected the author？
A. It has prevented her achieving her goals.
B. It has stopped her furthering her education.
C. It has made it difficult for her to make friends.
D. It has caused her to quit her dream of being a teacher.
解析　A　细节理解题。由第四段中的"Fear of failure has prevented me from being a writer"和"Fear of being rejected has stopped me from aiming higher in my life"可知，作者认为对失败的恐惧已阻止她成为一个作家，对被拒绝的恐惧已阻止她实现人生中更为远大的目标，故A项"恐惧已阻止她达到她的目标"正确。
4.What does the author expect to gain from her weight-loss program？
A. Respect. B. Independence.
C. Optimism. D. Tolerance.
解析　C　推理判断题。由全文内容，尤其是最后一段"So， if I can lose...Pound for pound I have not lost a thing but I will be much lighter. Next time， I hope my colleague looks me in the eye to see my glow instead of...how great I really look"可知，作者希望自己能够丢掉"路怒"，摆脱内疚和恐惧，变得更轻松，也希望她的同事能够正视她眼中的喜悦，故C项"乐观"符合题意。
B
[2023陕西安康5月质检]It’s a sunny afternoon near the Boeung Keng Kang market in central Phnom Penh and a local barber shop is busy. Chea Sothea， a young hairdresser， puts the finishing touches on a new style for his client."Today has been a busy day，"said Sothea. He handles the steady flow of clients with confidence even though he’s only been on the job for six months.
Nol Levin， the owner of the barber shop， smiled when speaking of Sothea."He has learned some basic relevant skills and he has had a very good command of them， so it has been easy to teach him a wide variety of techniques to achieve whatever a client wants." He also appreciates the can-do attitude that Sothea has brought to his business.
Sothea is equally happy while working with Mr. Nol."Mr. Nol is kind and easygoing. I’m inspired by Mr. Nol because he always shares his experience and gives me opportunities to practise my skills. I’m making much progress and I’m trying my best to improve every day."
Neng Socheata， about 18 years old， has also started a new job — cooking in an Italian cafe at the heart of Phnom Penh."When I was offered the job， I was so happy to use the skills and knowledge that I learned from Mith Samlanh. Working here is the starting point of my career and the first steps towards achieving my dreams."
Lim Chenda， who is Socheata’s supervisor （主管） at the restaurant， admires Socheata’s ability to learn the job quickly and how well she works with the team. She added， "Socheata works hard， is very punctual （守时的）， and greets people with respect. I’ve even learned a few things from her."
Actually， both Sothea and Socheata took part in a technical， vocational and education training （TVET）programme designed to provide young people with the skills they need to be successful in the workforce. Students can choose from 11 training areas： cooking， welding， beauty， sewing， electricity， electronics， car mechanics， motorbike mechanics， men’s hairdressing， laundry and agriculture. It is delivered by Mith Samlanh through the Partnership Programme for Protection of Children.
　　本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述的是年轻的Chea Sothea和约18岁的Neng Socheata在参加了职业培训后能够很快适应新工作的故事。
1.Why can Chea Sothea learn hairdressing techniques quickly？
A. He has a solid skill foundation.
B. His boss is very serious and strict.
C. His clients are easy to deal with.
D. He has years of work experience.
解析　A　细节理解题。由第二段中的"He has learned some basic relevant skills and he has had a very good command of them， so it has been easy to teach him a wide variety of techniques to achieve whatever a client wants"可知，Chea Sothea学过与理发相关的技能，并能熟练掌握，由此可知，Chea Sothea之所以能够很快学会理发技术是因为他有扎实的基础，故选A项。
2.What attitude does Lim Chenda hold towards Neng Socheata？
A. Indifferent. B. Ambiguous.
C. Doubtful. D. Positive.
解析　D　推理判断题。由第五段中的"Lim Chenda， who is Socheata’s supervisor （主管） at the restaurant， admires Socheata’s ability to learn the job quickly and how well she works with the team."以及"Socheata works hard， is very punctual （守时的）， and greets people with respect. I’ve even learned a few things from her"可知，Lim Chenda很欣赏Socheata的工作能力以及团队合作能力，Socheata还勤奋守时，尊敬他人，由此可知，Lim Chenda对Socheata持肯定的态度，故选D项。
3.What does the author want to do in the last paragraph？
A. Introduce a new topic for discussion.
B. Summarize the previous paragraphs.
C. Add some background information.
D. Provide some advice for the readers.
解析　C　推理判断题。由尾段中的"Actually， both Sothea and Socheata took part in a technical， vocational and education training （TVET）programme designed to provide young people with the skills they need to be successful in the workforce"可知，Chea Sothea和Neng Socheata都参加过专门为年轻人提供他们成功所需要的职业技术培训，所以，最后一段是为上文中对Chea Sothea和Neng Socheata能够很快适应工作提供进一步的背景介绍，故选C项。
4.What message is the text mainly intended to convey？
A. It’s never too late to learn new skills.
B. Personality is the key to a happy life.
C. Learning skills is difficult for the young.
D. Upskilling helps to unlock promising careers.
解析　D　推理判断题。由全文对Chea Sothea和Neng Socheata的工作能力的介绍以及尾段中的"Actually， both Sothea and Socheata took part in a technical， vocational and education training （TVET）programme designed to provide young people with the skills they need to be successful in the workforce"可知，Chea Sothea和Neng Socheata之所以能够快速适应工作是因为他们接受了职业技术培训。由此可知，本文的目的是说明技能的提升有助于开启成功的职业生涯，故选D项。
二、七选五
There’s a widely held belief that self-discipline means being able to do something when people don’t actually want to do it. 　1　 But this view of self-discipline is not right.
Containing one’s authenticity comes at a cost. 　2　 There was a time when I lived very inauthentically. Instead of following my sincere desire to become a psychologist， I studied engineering. I neglected my authentic self and tried to meet social expectations. I thought I was doing what I should do to succeed and be respected by society. 　3　 And this loss of connection cost me dear， causing me to develop lots of health problems. So what does it really mean to be self-disciplined？
　4　 Rather than trying to contain or control their genuine feelings， they try to understand them. Then they learn how to allow their authentic self to develop. And by doing so， they live lives of wholeness and happiness.
But how does someone become such a person in the first place？ They follow their own interests and deal with the challenges that they personally feel called to manage.　5　 For them， self-control is never a problem. They move as one harmonious unit — their perfect self works harmoniously with the authentic self to promote their growth.
So here’s the secret to self-discipline. Self-discipline is not about forcing yourself to meet social expectations， but following your own dream and allowing your authentic self to develop.
A. I know this from first-hand experience.
B. I didn’t believe this in my previous life.
C. Truly self-disciplined people are followers of themselves.
D. Forcing yourself to do things you don’t want to do is not self-discipline.
E. They go after what they genuinely want， not what society tells them to do.
F. Gradually， I became out of touch with my own true feelings， desires， and nature.
G. For them， self-discipline means ignoring their real self in favour of the perfect self.
　　本文是说明文。人们普遍认为自律意味着当他们实际上不想做某事时却能够去做。但这种观点是错误的。本文主要探讨了什么是自律以及如何成为一个自律的人。
1.G　空前提到人们普遍认为自律意味着当他们实际上不想做某事时却能够去做。空后提到但是这种观点是错误的。因此空处内容应与错误的自律观点有关，且与下文形成转折关系。G项"对他们来说，自律意味着忽视真实的自我而追求理想的自我"符合语境。G项中的"them"与空前的"people"相对应。
2.A　空前提到"抑制一个人的真实性是有代价的"。再结合空后内容可知，本段主要通过作者的亲身经历来说明这一感悟。由此可知，空处内容应与作者的经历和这一感悟有关。A项"我从亲身经历中了解到这一点"承上启下，符合语境。
3.F　空前提到作者忽视了真实的自我，努力满足社会的期望。作者认为自己正在做为了获得成功并受到社会的尊重而应该做的事。空后提到了失去与真实自我的联系让作者付出了巨大的代价，给作者带来了很多健康问题。由此可知，空处内容应涉及作者忽视真实的自我的后果，且与失去某种联系有关。F项"渐渐地，我不懂自己的真实情感、欲望和本性了"与上下文衔接紧密，符合语境。F项中的"became out of touch"与空后的"this loss of connection"的对应关系亦是提示。
4.C　上一段结尾问"那么自律到底意味着什么呢？"，空后提到他们不是试图压制或控制自己的真实情感，而是试图去理解它们。然后他们学习如何让真实的自我得以发展。通过这样做，他们过着完整和幸福的生活。由此可知，空处内容应与真正的自律有关，且包含空后的"they"的指代对象。C项"真正自律的人是自己的追随者"能承接上文，并概括本段内容，符合语境。
5.E　本段主要围绕如何成为自己的追随者展开。空前提到他们遵循自己的兴趣，处理他们个人觉得需要应对的挑战（这是在介绍具体的做法）。空后提到对他们来说，自我控制从来不是问题。他们作为一个和谐的整体行动——他们理想的自我与真实的自我和谐共处，以促进他们的成长（这是成为自己的追随者的结果）。由此可知，空处应与成为自己的追随者的具体做法有关。E项"他们追求自己真正想要的东西，而不是社会让他们去追求的东西"能够衔接上下文，符合语境。
三、完形填空
[2024江苏连云港10月月考]Back in the days when I was just a young student， I was always absent from school 　1　， too shy to step into the public attention. My grades， though not absolutely good， was above the 　2　. However， an unexpected incident allowed me to 　3　 life lessons and gradually accept the challenges thrown at me.
One rainy afternoon， while walking home from school， an accident happened. A speeding car　4　 me， leaving me with a broken leg. Lying on my hospital bed， pain aching through my body， the reality of my situation 　5　. This unforeseen incident had set me back academically， and I needed to figure out how to achieve my previous 　6　.
With the help of my parents and teachers， who　7　 accompanied me through the healing process， I managed to transform my 　8　 into a stepping stone. I began to acquire the will to push myself beyond my limits. After several months， I returned to school. My teachers had made accommodations for me， which included access to 　9　 classes to catch up on the lessons I missed. Fueled by a newfound 　10　， I made every effort to engage in all activities and strived to stay active in both the academic and extracurricular fields.
In the end， my actions 　11　 fruit. Not only did my academic performance improve， but I also developed an ability to adapt to unexpected situations. I realized the importance of being able to 　12　 my fears and overcome them. The incident that I 　13　 viewed as a major discouragement was， in fact， a turning point in my life. It was an opportunity to adjust my perspective and learn to admire the strength within myself.
The 　14　 did not happen overnight. It was a gradual process， just like adding a new piece to a puzzle every day. But with each piece， I moved one step closer to the bigger 　15　.
　　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲的是作者被车撞了，原本这个事情影响了作者的学业，后来作者趁此机会改变了自己，从一个害羞的人变成一个积极参加各种活动的人。
1.A. camps B. days
C. facilities D. events
解析　D　由"too shy to step into the public attention"可知，作者太害羞了，所以作者总是缺席学校的活动，故选D。
2.A. minimum B. maximum
C. average D. majority
解析　C　由"though not absolutely good"可知，作者的成绩虽然不是很好，但在平均水平之上，故选C。minimum最小值， maximum最大值， average平均水平， majority大多数。
3.A. absorb B. forget
C. teach D. avoid
解析　A　由"gradually accept the challenges thrown at me"可知，有一件事让作者吸取了教训，逐渐敢于接受挑战，故选A。absorb吸收，理解；forget忘记；teach教；avoid避免。
4.A. approached B. hit
C. lifted D. followed
解析　B　由"leaving me with a broken leg"可知，作者被车撞了，故选B。approach接近，hit撞击，lift提起，follow跟随。
5.A. gave in B. sank in
C. fit in D. cut in
解析　B　由"This unforeseen incident had set me back academically"可知，作者开始领悟到自己的处境，也就是作者开始渐渐意识到自己的处境，故选B。give in屈服；sink in被完全理解；fit in适应；cut in插嘴。
6.A. standing B. playing
C. suffering D. finding
解析　A　由"This unforeseen incident had set me back academically"可知，这件意外的事让作者在学业上倒退了，作者需要想办法恢复到以前的水平，空格处所填词意为"地位"，故选A。
7.A. occasionally B. casually
C. constantly D. scarcely
解析　C　由"my parents and teachers"和"accompanied me through the healing process"可知，作者的父母和老师一直陪伴着作者，故选C。occasionally偶尔，casually随意地，constantly一直，scarcely几乎不。
8.A. shyness B. setback
C. strength D. performance
解析　B　句意：父母和老师一直陪伴着我度过康复的过程，在他们的帮助下，我成功地把挫折变成了垫脚石。shyness害羞，setback挫折，strength力量，performance表现。B项切题。
9.A. practical B. optional
C. basic D. extra
解析　D　由"to catch up on the lessons I missed"可知，作者要上额外的课来弥补之前错过的课，故选D。practical实用的， optional可选择的，basic基本的，extra额外的。
10.A. drive B. concept
C. version D. skill
解析　A　句意：在一种新找到的动力的推动下，我尽一切努力参加各种活动，努力在学术和课外领域保持活跃。drive内驱力，concept概念，version版本，skill技能。A项切题。
11.A. planted B. distributed
C. sold D. bore
解析　D　由下文"Not only did my academic performance improve， but I also developed an ability to adapt to unexpected situations"可知，作者的行动取得了成果，空格处意为"结（果实）"，故选D。plant种植，distribute分发，sell卖，bear结（果实）。
12.A. assess B. address
C. monitor D. hide
解析　B　作者意识到能应对恐惧并克服它们的重要性。assess评估，address设法解决，monitor监督，hide躲藏。B项切题。
13.A. initially B. actually
C. suddenly D. eventually
解析　A　句意：这件事起初被我视为一大挫折，但实际上却是我人生的转折点。initially最初， actually事实上，suddenly突然，eventually最终。A项切题。
14.A. inspiration B. assumption
C. transformation D. exploration
解析　C　由"I made every effort to engage in all activities and strived to stay active in both the academic and extracurricular fields"可知，作者借着这次事件改变了自己，因此这是一个转变，故选C。inspiration灵感，assumption猜想，transformation转变，exploration探索。
15.A. space B. ambition
C. picture D. capacity
解析　C　由"adding a new piece to a puzzle every day"可知，作者的转变就像是每天在拼图上加一块新的碎片一样，因此每添加一片碎片，作者就离更大的图画更近了一步，故选C。space空间，ambition野心，picture图画，capacity能力。Unit 1 Growing up
一、阅读理解
A
[2023广东惠州一调] When the phone finally stopped ringing and the house lay still with grief， I filled my home with the sweet smell of peach pie to mask the scent of worry.
At the weekend after Dad’s diagnosis （诊断）， Mom sent the same text to each relative and friend： Jay was diagnosed with Pick’s disease. We were going back to the doctor for more information. Then Mom put down the phone， rubbed her forehead， and suggested we go for a drive. On the interstate， we passed a board with clear red letters： Fredericksburg peaches， the best fruit you can find in Central Texas. Mom went to negotiate with the stand owner.
Now in our kitchen， the sweet smell of peach juice drifted into the living room and pulled Dad away from the football game on TV.
"Oh！ You got peaches？" he eyed the fruit with children glee（欢喜）.
"Here，" I handed him a knife. "We’re making peach pie."
I showed him how to peel the skin off. As I made the pie dough， he asked questions："How long does it take to bake？ Are you adding sugar？ How many peaches？ What should I do with the seeds？" Showing him how to slice， measure and mix them in a calm， firm voice， I suddenly felt grown-up.
The summer had reversed our roles. Now， I was the adult. I stayed home all summer， cooked dinner for him， washed his T-shirts...
The same day， before the afternoon drive and peach pie， I had held my tears as I read the diagnosis for Pick’s disease： four to ten years， depending on how fast the damaged proteins overpower Dad’s brain. I decided then that I would be grateful for just four more years with Dad， enough for him to see me become an adult for real.
父亲被确诊为皮克氏病后，家里被悲伤的氛围笼罩。我正在用妈妈买的桃子做桃子派，父亲被香味吸引过来，我给他展示做桃子派的过程，忽然之间，我觉得自己长大了……
1.Why did Mom propose a ride？
A. To purchase fruit. B. To enjoy a trip.
C. To release sorrow. D. To consult the doctor.
解析　C　推理判断题。结合常识和第二段中的"...Mom sent the same text to each relative and friend： Jay was diagnosed with Pick’s disease. We were going back to the doctor for more information. Then Mom put down the phone， rubbed her forehead..."可推知，妈妈提议开车兜风应该是为了缓解内心的悲伤情绪，故本题选C。
2.What can we learn about the family from the passage？
A. It would take years for the dad to recover.
B. The author enjoyed the time with his dad.
C. The dad showed little interest in football games.
D. The author got annoyed by his dad’s questions.
解析　B　推理判断题。由第六段中作者的反应"Showing him how to slice， measure and mix them in a calm， firm voice"和最后一段中的"I would be grateful for just four more years with Dad"可推知，作者很享受陪伴父亲的时光，故本题选B。
3.Which of the following can best describe the summer for the author？
A. Tough and confusing.
B. Boring but rewarding.
C. Annoying and struggling.
D. Painstaking but meaningful.
解析　D　推理判断题。由第六段中的"I suddenly felt grown-up"、第七段"The summer had reversed our roles. Now， I was the adult. I stayed home all summer， cooked dinner for him， washed his T-shirts..."和最后一段中的"I decided then that I would be grateful for just four more years with Dad"可知，作者担起了照顾爸爸的辛苦工作，但这个过程也让作者成长，让作者有了陪伴父亲的机会，这是很有意义的。综上可知，D项正确。
4.What’s the best title for this passage？
A. Peach Pie. B. Diagnosis for Dad.
C. Father and Daughter. D. A Plain Summer Day.
解析　A　标题归纳题。本文以"filled my home with the sweet smell of peach pie"引入话题，下文讲到了买桃子、做桃子派等事情，且文章最后一段再次提到桃子派。可见，桃子派贯穿了全文，故A项做标题最佳。
B
[2023天津滨海新区三模]Have you ever come out of a steamy hot shower and tried to look at your reflection in the mirror when it’s completely steamed and fogged up？ I often think that is how we tend to view our beauty — through fogged-up mirrors. We are seeing ourselves but the picture isn’t exactly clear！ The mirrors have been fogged up through different life experiences and memories as we have grown up， and now blend together to form our own definition of our beauty.
The first mirror is formed as a young child and is often based on what was said about us from our parents and those around us. I remember being told that I was a cute child， so that when I got a little older and was around six and another child tried to tell me I was ugly — everything within me rose up against the statement because my self-belief in what my parents had said stood strong.
The second mirror is the mirror of adolescence， those formative years when we are pushed into the big world and out of the protection of home. As a teenager I went to a boarding school， and I was one of the only two black people in the entire school. Children being naturally curious， I felt like I was asked a million and one different questions about both my hair and skin tone — and I don’t think there has ever been a time when I have been more acutely aware of my appearance， which in turn opened up the door for me to question how I looked and to thankfully embrace my differences.
The final mirror comes from socially constructed ideas of beauty. We are often faced with numerous images in the media， popular culture， society， peers and social media， which can create a false ideal of beauty in our eyes. We tend to compare ourselves to those ideals and use it as some sort of margin （差值） of measurement.
However， real beauty comes from within. It is acceptance of yourself， perceived flaws and all. You are a masterpiece， a unique blend of genes and life experiences. It’s essential to appreciate yourself like any other work of art or natural wonder， without judgement. Maybe it’s time to create a fourth mirror， a new mirror that is wiped clean and is minus the fog of comparisons， accusations， judgments and expectations.
　　这是一篇议论文。在成长过程中，不同的生活经历和记忆赋予了我们对美的定义。在我们的成长过程中有三面镜子，第一面镜子是在孩童时期形成的，通常是基于父母和周围人对我们的评价；第二面镜子是青春期的镜子，在成长的岁月里，我们被推进大大的世界，脱离了家的保护，意识到自己的不同；第三面镜子来自社会建构的美的观念。作者通过介绍这三面镜子，告诉我们真正的美来自内心，要接受自己的一切。
1.What do the fogged-up mirrors represent according to the first paragraph？
A. The difficulties of seeing oneself in the mirror.
B. The various sources of beauty standards.
C. The unclear perceptions of one’s beauty.
D. The life experiences and memories.
解析　C　细节理解题。由第一段中的"I often think that is how we tend to view our beauty — through fogged-up mirrors. We are seeing ourselves but the picture isn’t exactly clear！The mirrors have been fogged up through different life experiences and memories as we have grown up， and now blend together to form our own definition of our beauty"可知，第一段中提到的被雾遮住的镜子指的是人们对美的模糊认识，故选C。
2.How did the author react when someone called her ugly？
A. She felt embarrassed.
B. She completely denied it.
C. She sought comfort from her parents.
D. She questioned what her parents had said.
解析　B　细节理解题。由第二段中的"I remember being told that I was a cute child， so that when I got a little older and was around six and another child tried to tell me I was ugly — everything within me rose up against the statement because my self-belief in what my parents had said stood strong"可知，当有人说作者丑时，她完全否认这种说法，故选B。
3.What can we learn about socially constructed ideas of beauty？
A. They push teens out of home protection.
B. They arouse acute awareness of one’s appearance.
C. They may mislead people’s idea of beauty.
D. They are the exact measurement of beauty.
解析　C　细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的"We are often faced with numerous images in the media， popular culture， society， peers and social media， which can create a false ideal of beauty in our eyes"可知，社会建构的美的观念可能会误导人们对美的看法，故选C。
4.What does the author suggest as a possible fourth mirror？
A. A mirror not affected by external factors.
B. A mirror going against society’s expectations.
C. A mirror reflecting one’s childhood experiences.
D. A mirror showing the beauty ideals from social media.
解析　A　推理判断题。由最后一段"However， real beauty comes from within. It is acceptance of yourself， perceived flaws and all. You are a masterpiece， a unique blend of genes and life experiences. It’s essential to appreciate yourself like any other work of art or natural wonder， without judgement. Maybe it’s time to create a fourth mirror， a new mirror that is wiped clean and is minus the fog of comparisons， accusations， judgments and expectations"可推知，作者认为第四面镜子应该是一面不受外界影响的镜子，故选A。
二、七选五
[2023江西宜春期末]Life Skills for High Schoolers Before Leaving the Nest
As we grow up， our roles and responsibilities change. Children often worry about how to fall asleep during nap time. Adults must worry about paying the bills for their families. Now， as teenagers， not only do we worry about our exam grades or university decisions， we also worry about the transition into becoming those very adults that have been taking care of us since Day 1.But don’t worry！　1　.
Taking public transport
Unlike calling a Didi every time you need to go somewhere， public transportation is a convenient and financially sustainable way for you to get around. All you need is a navigation app like Apple， or Baidu Maps to help you find the right buses or subways to take. 　2　.
Cooking basic dishes
　3　， but it can be enriching for yourself if you start to learn how to cook some simple meals. Some examples are salads， cup noodles， and microwaved eggs. Cooking may seem hard and time-consuming， but you don’t have to be a professional chef to feed yourself.
　4　
You’re not babies anymore！ From now on， there won’t be anyone constantly looking after you or telling you what to do. You should learn to maintain your physical health， eat balanced meals， and have enough sleep. Besides， your mental health should also be highly valued. Do what you love and learn to handle the stresses in your life.
Managing your own money
Now that you’re about to go out into the world as another independent adult， it is essential to know how to manage your money.
　5　. For example， turn to your parents for some ideas of creating a budget plan. Try your best not to end up drowning in debt for the rest of your life！
It’s quite bittersweet to say goodbye to your childhood and not have a care in the world， but it’s a part of growing up. There’s a lot to look forward to， and you can be sure that having these life skills will start your adult life off right.
A. Taking good care of yourself
B. Reminding yourself to deal with the stresses
C. It may be appealing to order takeout for a quick bite
D. It’s always a good idea to ask for advice from people you look up to
E. Cooking your own dishes can be an interesting and unforgettable experience
F. As long as you learn these life skills， it’ll be smooth sailing on the way to adulthood
G. As you get more familiar with your usual routes， you won’t need to rely on those apps
　　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了青少年步入成年的一些建议。
1.F　F项放在此处能起到承上启下的作用，既道出了"don’t worry"的原因，又统领下面介绍的建议。
2.G　G项与空前一句"All you need is a navigation app like Apple， or Baidu Maps to help you find the right buses or subways to take"相吻合，G项中的those apps指该句中的"Apple， or Baidu Maps"。
3.C　"it can be enriching for yourself if you start to learn how to cook some simple meals"与C项之间构成转折关系，且二者均与食物有关，故本空填C项。
4.A　通读与第四空紧密相关的段落可知，本段主要讲述的是"从各方面照顾好自己"，故第四空填A项。
5.D　"For example， turn to your parents for some ideas of creating a budget plan. Try your best not to end up drowning in debt for the rest of your life！"是针对D项列举的例子。
三、完形填空
[2024江苏常熟10月抽测]I don’t know why I came to the decision to become a loser， but I know I made the 　1　 at a young age. Sometime in the middle of the fourth grade， I 　2　 trying. By the time I was in the seventh grade， I was 　3　， disrespectful and rebellious.
It wasn’t long after that I dropped out of school. Hard physical labor was the　4　 for the choices I made as an adolescent. At the age of 21， I was 　5　 lost， and using alcohol as a way to deal with the fact that I had no education and was 　6　 in a dead-end job carrying heavy construction materials up a ladder all day.
　7　， now I believe in do-overs， in the chance to do it all again. And I believe that do-overs can be made at any point in your life， if you have the right 　8　. Mine came from a surprising source.
It was September 21， 2002， when my son Blake was born. It’s funny that after a life of　9　 responsibility， now I was in charge of something so 　10　. Over the years， as I grew into the 　11　 of Dad， I began to learn something about myself. In a way， Blake and I were both learning to walk， talk， work and play for the first time. I began my do-over.
It took me almost three years to learn how to read. I started with my son’s books.　12　， I practiced reading books to him until I remembered all the words. I knew I wanted to be a good role model， so after a year and a half and a lot of hard work， I 　13　 my GED test on my son’s fourth birthday. This may not sound like much， and I’m surely not trying to get praise for doing something that should have been done 　14　.
It’s funny that I always heard these great turn-around stories of triumph over shortcomings. But I never thought they　15　 to me. Now I believe it’s a choice anyone can make： to do it all over again.
　　本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。这篇文章主要是描述一个人从小学四年级开始不再努力，逐渐变得放纵、无敬意和叛逆，最终辍学并走上了错误的道路。然而，当他21岁成为一个父亲时，这个意外的改变使他开始相信重新开始的可能性。他花了近三年的时间学会阅读，并通过高中同等学历考试，成为一个好榜样。他相信每个人都有重新开始的机会。
1.A. requirement B. wish
C. application D. choice
解析　D　句意：我不知道为什么我决定成为一个失败者，但我知道我在年轻的时候做了这个选择。requirement要求，wish 希望，application申请，choice选择。故选D。
2.A. started B. stopped
C. considered D. fancied
解析　B　句意：在四年级中期的某个时候，我停止了努力。到七年级的时候，我变得懒惰、无礼、叛逆。B项符合语境。
3.A. skeptical B. defensive
C. lazy D. suspicious
解析　C　参见上题解析。skeptical怀疑的，defensive防御的，lazy懒惰的，suspicious令人怀疑的。故选C。
4.A. consequence B. compromise
C. compensation D. competence
解析　A　句意：繁重的体力劳动是我在青少年时期所做的选择的后果。consequence结果，compromise妥协，compensation补偿，competence能力。故选A。
5.A. alternatively B. hopelessly
C. approximately D. undoubtedly
解析　B　句意：21岁的时候，我绝望地迷失了方向，用酒精来解决我没有受过教育，被困在一份没有前途的工作中，整天爬梯子搬运沉重的建筑材料的事实。alternatively或者，hopelessly绝望地，approximately大约，undoubtedly无疑地。故选B。
6.A. struck B. stuck
C. lost D. taken
解析　B　参见上题解析。strike打击；stick卡住，陷入；lose失去；take拿走。
7.A. Nevertheless B. Meanwhile
C. Furthermore D. Therefore
解析　A　句意：然而，现在我相信重来，相信有机会重新来过。nevertheless然而，meanwhile同时，furthermore此外，therefore因此。A项符合语境。
8.A. ambition B. technique
C. opportunity D. motivation
解析　D　句意：我相信，如果你有正确的动机，你可以在人生的任何时刻重新来过。ambition抱负，technique技巧，opportunity机会，motivation动力。故选D。
9.A. avoiding B. preventing
C. undertaking D. overcoming
解析　A　这里是说，有趣的是，在逃避责任生活一段之后，现在我要负责这么脆弱的东西。avoid避免，prevent防止，undertake承担，overcome克服。故选A。
10.A. flexible B. enterprising
C. delicate D. realistic
解析　C　参见上题解析。flexible灵活的，enterprising有进取心的，delicate脆弱的， realistic现实的。
11.A. name B. statue
C. title D. career
解析　C　句意：随着岁月的流逝，当我成为父亲的那一刻起，我开始了解自己的一些事情。故选C。
12.A. By and by B. Over and over
C. Back and forward D. Now and then
解析　B　由"I practiced reading books to him until I remembered all the words"可知，作者一遍又一遍地给儿子读书，直到自己记住了所有的单词，故选B。
13.A. got through B. went through
C. pulled through D. combed through
解析　A　句意：我知道我想成为一个好榜样，所以经过一年半的大量努力，在我儿子四岁生日的时候，我通过了高中同等学历考试。get through通过，go through经历，pull through渡过难关，comb through仔细梳理。故选A。
14.A. for the first time B. in the first place
C. at first hand D. in first place
解析　B　句意：这可能听起来不算什么，而且我肯定不是为了做最初本应该做的事情而寻求赞扬。for the first time第一次，in the first place最初， at first hand 第一手地，in first place首先。故选B。
15.A. appealed B. applied
C. attached D. adapted
解析　B　句意：但我从没想过它们适合我。现在我相信这是一个任何人都可以做的选择：重新来过。appeal吸引；apply应用，适用于； attach附上； adapt适应。故选B。