备考2024届高考外研版选择性必修第一册英语一轮复习课时提能第一部分过透教材Unit1-6（含答案 6份打包）

Unit 6 Nurturing nature
一、阅读理解
A
[责任担当/2023四省高考适应性测试]As a young girl growing up in France， Sarah Toumi dreamed of becoming a leader who could make the world a better place. Her passion to help others was awakened when， from the age of nine， she accompanied her Tunisian father to his birthplace in the east of the country during holidays. There she organized homework clubs and activities for children.
Toumi witnessed firsthand the destructive effect of desertification."Within 10 years rich farmers became worse off， and in 10 years from now they will be poor. I wanted to stop the Sahara Desert in its tracks." A decrease in average rainfall and an increase in the severity of droughts have led to an estimated 75 percent of Tunisia’s agricultural lands being threatened by desertification.
Toumi recognized that farming practices needed to change. She is confident that small land areas can bring large returns if farmers are able to adapt by planting sustainable crops， using new technologies for water treatment and focusing on natural products and fertilisers（肥料） rather than chemicals.
In 2012， Toumi consolidated her dream to fight the desert. She moved to Tunisia， and set up a programme named Acacias for All to put her sustainable farming philosophy into action."I want to show young people in rural areas that they can create opportunities where they are. Nobody is better able to understand the impact of desertification and climate change than somebody who is living with no access to water."
By September 2016， more than 130，000 acacia trees had been planted on 20 pilot farms， with farmers recording a 60 percent survival rate. Toumi estimates that some 3 million acacia trees are needed to protect Tunisia’s farmland. She expected to plant 1 million trees by 2018.In the next couple of years， Toumi hopes to extend the programme to Algeria and Morocco.
　　文章讲述的是小时候Sarah Toumi和父亲去突尼斯度假，发现当地农田荒漠化很严重，后来她成立Acacias for All，想通过种植金合欢树来保护突尼斯的农田，并且初见成效。
【词语积累】　awaken v. 唤起，被唤起；（使）醒来
destructive adj.毁灭性的　estimated adj.估计的
be/become worse off （比以前或其他人）更穷，更不愉快，更差
consolidate v.使巩固，使加强；（使）结成一体，合并
into action 实行；实施
1.How did Toumi’s holiday trips to Tunisia influence her？
A. They made her decide to leave the country.
B. They helped her better understand her father.
C. They fired her enthusiasm for helping others.
D. They destroyed her dream of being a teacher.
解析　C　细节理解题。由第一段中的"Her passion to help others...in the east of the country during holidays"可知，当她陪着她的父亲在假期去他在该国东部的出生地时，她帮助他人的热情被唤醒了，故C项"它们激起了她帮助他人的热情"正确。
2.What is the main cause of the desertification of Tunisia’s farmland？
A. Low rainfall. B. Soil pollution.
C. Cold weather. D. Forest damage.
解析　A　细节理解题。由第二段中的"A decrease in average rainfall...75 percent of Tunisia’s agricultural lands being threatened by desertification"可知，平均降雨量的减少和干旱的加重导致突尼斯大约75％的农业用地受到荒漠化的威胁，故A项正确。
3.Why did Toumi set up Acacias for All in Tunisia？
A. To create job opportunities for young people.
B. To help the children obtain a basic education.
C. To persuade the farmers not to use fertilizers.
D. To facilitate the protection of their farmland.
解析　D　细节理解题。由第四段中的"In 2012， Toumi consolidated her dream ... put her sustainable farming philosophy into action "可知，2012年，Toumi巩固了她对抗沙漠的梦想，她搬到突尼斯，创立Acacias for All是为了将自己的可持续农业理念付诸行动，目的是促进农田保护，故D项正确。
4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text？
A. Saving Water in Tunisia
B. Planting Trees of Native Species
C. Holding Back the Sahara
D. Fighting Poverty in North Africa
解析　C　标题归纳题。首段介绍Toumi陪父亲到了突尼斯，她帮助他人的热情被唤醒了。由第二段中的"I wanted to stop the Sahara Desert in its tracks"可知，Toumi想阻止撒哈拉沙漠的继续扩张，接下来就开始介绍Toumi搬到突尼斯，并创立Acacias for All，想通过种植植物来保护当地农田，并且取得初步成效，故C选项"Holding Back the Sahara"最适合当本文标题。
B
[生态环保/2023浙江高考模拟]Every year， millions of birds fly between Mexico’s Sierra Madre Oriental Mountains and the Gulf of Mexico from August to November to escape cold temperatures， an event known as the "River of Raptors"， which brings hundreds of foreign birdwatchers to the coastal area of Veracruz.
"Many of my customers have been at other famous bird migration sites but say they have never seen anything as grand as the ‘River of Raptors’ in Veracruz，" said Steven Koevoet， a birdwatching guide who has shown visitors places in Yucatan and Veracruz for over 25 years.
Yet the yearly event has not led to a large increase in ecotourism. Critics suggest the lack of increased ecotourism is mainly caused by Mexico’s failure to encourage tourism away from its beach resorts （旅游胜地）. Environmentalists believe high levels of violence and environmentally unfriendly practices are also problems for developing ecotourism in the states of Chiapas and Veracruz. Violence has stopped birdwatching for years in some places， where the activity was an important source of income for local communities.
But， environmental groups， universities and farmers in Veracruz are trying to change this. Angel Viveros， a rancher （大农场主）， uses land owned by his family for activities including birdwatching， horse riding， skydiving and hiking. Supported by the non-profit group Pronatura Veracruz， which studies and counts the birds in the yearly migration， he is now receiving hundreds of visitors yearly. Local coffee producers organize coffee tastings and educational talks about the importance of birds in spreading seeds. A green， bird-friendly stamp for those producers could be the next step. One retiree who has been visiting Veracruz since 2002 had this to say， "Apart from feeling the physical relaxation， it is like something spiritual...there are no words to describe what it feels like to see the river of birds."
　　本文是一篇说明文。本文通过大批观鸟者到墨西哥观看鸟类迁徙引出对墨西哥生态旅游业发展现状的介绍。生态旅游是以有特色的生态环境为主要景观的旅游，它以可持续发展为理念，以保护生态环境为前提，以统筹人与自然和谐发展为准则，以良好的自然生态环境和独特的人文生态系统为依托。
1.What does the "River of Raptors" emphasize？
A. The rich diversity of birds.
B. The size of birds’ migrating.
C. The number of birdwatchers.
D. The long distance of migration.
解析　B　细节理解题。由第一段内容可知，"猛禽之河"强调的是迁徙的鸟的数量多、规模大，故选 B。
2.Why is Steven Koevoet mentioned？
A. To stress the popularity of the event.
B. To explain his intention to be a guide.
C. To show his devotion to local tourism.
D. To prove the impressiveness of the event.
解析　D　细节理解题。由第二段中Steven Koevoet的话"Many of my customers have been at other famous bird migration sites but say they have never seen anything as grand as the ‘River of Raptors’ in Veracruz"可知，作者提及Steven Koevoet是为了借助他的话来证明"猛禽之河"的壮观，故选 D。
3.What mainly prevents the development of ecotourism in Mexico according to critics？
A. The lack of government support.
B. High levels and frequency of violence.
C. Disagreement among local communities.
D. The adoption of eco-unfriendly methods.
解析　A　推理判断题。由第三段中的"Critics suggest the lack of increased ecotourism is mainly caused by Mexico’s failure to encourage tourism away from its beach resorts （旅游胜地）"可知，发展生态旅游业受阻主要是未得到政府的支持，故选 A。
4.What can be inferred about ecotourism from the last paragraph？
A. People hold different attitudes to it.
B. Joint efforts are made to develop it.
C. It is a major source of income for the locals.
D. It has an uncertain future in Veracruz.
解析　B　推理判断题。最后一段首句"But， environmental groups， universities and farmers in Veracruz are trying to change this"提到韦拉克鲁斯的环保组织、大学和农民正在试着改变这一状况（"猛禽之河"未能促进生态旅游业的发展）。本段接着介绍了大农场主 Angel Viveros 和当地咖啡生产商为促进生态旅游业的发展所做的努力。下一步可能是为这些生产商发绿色、鸟类友好型认证。综合分析上述信息可知，人们正共同努力以发展生态旅游业，故选 B。
二、完形填空
[责任担当/2023山东潍坊一模]Anuar Abdullah is a diving instructor in Malaysia. When he isn’t 　1　 he’s back out in the water 　2　， studying， and restoring coral reefs （珊瑚礁）.
Now， as climate change becomes an　3　 threat， governments， corporations， and others are coming to him for 　4　.
Abdullah has no degree in marine biology or　5　 training — just an amount of experience. In just the past decade， thousands have 　6　 to him to learn how to grow corals， and he now has around 700 volunteers 　7　 and has already restored hundreds of acres of coral reefs.
In 2017， Thailand’s government asked Abdullah to　8　 the recovery of one of its most famous tourist attractions， Maya Bay， because it had 　9　 half of its coral populations. 　10　 were kept out of the site for three years while Abdullah led a team of 120 people in 　11　 new corals.
In 2021， after Typhoon Rai， the island of Cebu in the Philippines asked Abdullah to save what was　12　 of the shoreline’s coral reefs. And earlier in 2022， Abdullah launched a new effort to build the world’s largest coral nursery in the Red Sea. There was a 　13　 on the nursery at the U.N. climate change summit （峰会）， COP27， but Abdullah did not attend. "I 　14　 conferences，" he said. And he had 　15　 to do.
　　本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是Anuar Abdullah帮助修复珊瑚礁的事迹。
1.A. teaching B. diving C. learning D. reporting
解析　A　由"a diving instructor"可知，当他不教学的时候，他就会回到水中，故选A。
2.A. picking B. judging C. describing D. observing
解析　D　由"　2　， studying， and restoring coral reefs（珊瑚礁）"可知，当他不教学的时候，他就会回到水中观察、研究和修复珊瑚礁，故选D。pick摘，judge判断，describe描述，observe观察。
3.A. early B. artificial C. apparent D. uncertain
解析　C　由"climate change"及常识可知，气候变化成为一个明显的威胁，故选C。early早期的，artificial人造的，apparent明显的，uncertain不确定的。
4.A. help B. money C. power D. honor
解析　A　由"as climate change becomes an 　3　 threat"可知，随着气候变化成为一个明显的威胁，政府、公司和其他人都向他寻求帮助，故选A。
5.A. temporary B. formal
C. natural D. complex
解析　B　由"has no degree in marine biology or"可知，他没有海洋生物学学位，也没有接受过正规培训，空格处意为"正式的"，故选B。temporary暂时的，formal正式的，natural自然的，complex复杂的。
6.A. devoted B. led C. backed D. went
解析　D　由"governments， corporations， and others are coming to him"可知，成千上万的人去找他学习如何种植珊瑚，go to sb.意为"去找某人"，故选D。
7.A. at once B. at first C. in demand D. in action
解析　D　由"has already restored hundreds of acres of coral reefs"可知，现在他有大约700名志愿者在行动，已经恢复了数百英亩的珊瑚礁。in action在工作，在活动，故选D。
8.A. initiate B. evaluate C. highlight D. justify
解析　A　由"the recovery of one of its most famous tourist attractions， Maya Bay"可知，泰国政府让Abdullah开始恢复该国最著名的旅游景点之一——玛雅湾，空格处意为"开始"，故选A。initiate开始，evaluate评估，highlight突出，justify为……辩解。
9.A. regained B. lost C. increased D. removed
解析　B　由"the recovery of one of its most famous tourist attractions"可知，泰国政府让Abdullah开始恢复该国最著名的旅游景点之一——玛雅湾，因为那里的珊瑚种群已经少了一半，空格处意为"失去"，故选B。regain恢复， lose失去， increase增加，remove去掉。
10.A. Visitors B. Researchers
C. Volunteers D. Officials
解析　A　由"while Abdullah led a team of 120 people in 　11　 new corals"可知，游客被禁止进入该地点3年，故选A。
11.A. guarding B. decorating
C. planting D. maintaining
解析　C　由"Thailand’s government asked Abdullah to 　8　 the recovery of one of its most famous tourist attractions， Maya Bay， because it had 　9　 half of its coral populations"可知，要修复那个景点就要种珊瑚，故选C。guard保卫，decorate装饰，plant种植，maintain保持。
12.A. hidden B. left C. preserved D. ruined
解析　B　由"after Typhoon Rai"可知，台风雷伊过后，菲律宾宿务岛请Abdullah拯救海岸线上仅存的珊瑚礁，空格处意为"剩下"，故选B。hide躲藏，leave剩下，preserve保存， ruin破坏。
13.A. contest B. presentation
C. course D. topic
解析　B　由"conferences"可知，在联合国气候变化峰会上有一个关于这个苗圃的报告，故选B。contest比赛，presentation报告，course课程，topic题目。
14.A. witness B. record
C. schedule D. hate
解析　D　由"Abdullah did not attend"可知，他讨厌开会，故选D。witness目击，record记录，schedule安排，hate讨厌。
15.A. interviews B. trips
C. work D. trade
解析　C　由"Abdullah did not attend"和下文"to do"可知，他没有参加峰会，因为他有工作要做，故选C。
三、语法填空
Wetlands are known as the "kidneys（肾）of the Earth"， providing a variety of ecosystem services such as water conservation and climate regulation and having an 1　　　　　　（exception） carbon capturing（捕捉）ability. They can store 50 times more carbon 2　　　　　　rain forests do， helping to keep the greenhouse gases out of the atmosphere.
China’s wetland 3　　　　　　（cover） represents nearly 10％ of the global total. In China， about 300 million people depend on wetlands 4　　　　　　 survival. Wetlands are vital for the food production of the country.
The year 2022 marked 5　　　　　　 30th anniversary of China’s joining the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands. China has made great efforts to preserve wetlands. The Xixi National Wetland Park， lying in Hangzhou， Zhejiang Province，6　　　　　　（approve） as China’s first national wetland park in 2005.Until 2022， there had been 901 national wetland parks in China， 90％ of 7　　　　　　 are open to the public for free. Now among the 43 "international wetland cities"， 13 8　　　　　　（be） in China， the most in the world.
And on June 1， the country’s first law 9　　　　　　（devote） to wetland protection came into effect. The country’s goal is 10　　　　　　（bring） 55％ of wetlands under protection by 2025， and become a leader in global wetland conservation and restoration by 2030.
　　本文是说明文，主题语境是"人与自然"。文章介绍了湿地的重要性以及中国在湿地保护方面做的重要贡献。
【词语积累】　wetland n.湿地　come into effect 生效，开始实施　restoration n.修复；恢复
【熟词生义】　represent 常用义：v.代表，象征　文中义：v.等于，相当于
1.exceptional　考查形容词。湿地被誉为"地球之肾"，它们提供了各种各样的生态系统服务，比如水资源保护和气候调节，而且有着非常好的碳捕捉能力。空处修饰后面的名词ability，应用形容词形式。exceptional表示"非常好的"。
2.than　考查比较状语从句。由前面的"50 times more"可知，此处应用than引导比较状语从句。
3.coverage　考查名词。空处所填词作主语，被wetland修饰，故应用不可数名coverage。
4.for　考查介词。depend on/upon...for sth.表示"依靠……获得某物"。
5.the　考查冠词。序数词前面用定冠词the表示特指。
6.wasapproved　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。由时间状语"in 2005"可知，此处应用一般过去时。动词approve"批准"与主语The Xixi National Wetland Park是被动关系，应用被动语态，故填was approved。
7.which　考查定语从句。此处涉及"（数词＋）介词＋关系代词"引导的定语从句的用法。先行词指物，故用which。
8.are　考查时态和主谓一致。此处描述客观情况，且由Now可知应用一般现在时；主语13指代的是13个国际湿地城市，是复数含义，故be动词用are。
9.devoted　考查非谓语动词。devote是及物动词，意为"致力于"。devote与主语law之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填过去分词devoted。
【技巧点拨】　　解答非谓语动词题目的"三步走"战略：1.分析位置确定成分。由空处在句子中的位置确定其所充当的句子成分，从而确定空处需填入的是非谓语动词。2.寻找逻辑主语确定语态。非谓语动词虽然不是谓语，但仍具有动词的特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者即其逻辑主语。若构成非谓语的动词和逻辑主语为主谓关系，非谓语动词常用现在分词或动词不定式的主动形式；若为动宾关系，则用过去分词或动词不定式的被动形式。3.理清时间关系确定时态。分析非谓语动作与谓语动作的时间关系，以确定非谓语动词的时态。
10.tobring　考查非谓语动词。当表示"目的、希望、目标等"的名词作主语时，往往用动词不定式作表语，且此处表示主动关系，故填to bring。Unit 5 Revealing nature
一、阅读理解
A
[2023福建福州5月质检]Both humans and animals possess the ability to cry out for help when endangered or threatened. Plants， as it turns out， can too.
"We found that plants usually emit （发出） sounds when they are under stress and that each plant and each type of stress is associated with a specific identifiable sound，" researchers from Tel Aviv University in Israel wrote in their findings， published in the scientific journal Cell. "While undetectable to the human ear， the sounds emitted by plants can probably be heard by various animals， such as bats， mice， and insects."
Stressors like dehydration （脱水） and damage to leaves gave rise to the plants’ high-pitched （声音尖锐的） cries， which ranged from 20 to 250 kHz. The bigger the danger is， the more frequent a plant’s signals are."Unstressed plants emitted less than one sound per hour， on average，" researcher Lilach Hadany said， "while the stressed plants — both dehydrated and injured — emitted dozens of sounds every hour."
To catch these sounds，Hadany’s team surrounded tomato and tobacco plants with super-sensitive microphones. They then fed the data into an artificial intelligence program that could tell the difference between the species of plants and the types of sounds produced.
"Our findings suggest that the world around us is full of plant sounds， and that these sounds contain information，" Hadany wrote. She added that to translate that information， we just need the "right tools such as sensors that tell growers when plants need watering." Doing so， researchers noted， may allow farmers to judge exactly when and where to water crops， saving water， increasing harvests， and lowering stress for both plants and humankind.
　　本文为说明文，主要介绍了植物也会发声这一情况。
【词语积累】　possess v.拥有，有　endangered adj.（动植物）濒危的
emit v.发出，射出，散发（光、热、声音、气等）
range from...to...在……到……变化/变动
1.What did researchers from Tel Aviv University in Israel find？
A. Creatures tend to cry out for help when in danger.
B. Plants can give off sounds when they are stressed.
C. Plant sounds can be heard by both animals and humans.
D. Plants make the same sound whatever type of stress they have.
解析　B　细节理解题。由第二段中的"‘We found that...sound，’ researchers...scientific journal Cell"可知，这些研究人员在科学杂志《细胞》上发表了研究结果，他们认为，植物在受到压力时通常会发出声音，每种植物和每种类型的压力都与一种特定的可识别的声音有关，故B项正确。
2.What does the author want to show in paragraph 3？
A. The influence of stress on plants.
B. The urgency of relieving plants of stress.
C. The possibility of plants emitting sounds.
D. The importance of conducting the research.
解析　A　推理判断题。由第三段内容可知，像脱水和叶子受到损害等导致压力的事件会让植物发出尖叫。危险越大，植物声音的频率越高。没有受到压力的植物平均每小时发出不到一次声音，而受到压力的植物——脱水的和受伤的——每小时发出几十次声音。据此可以推知，在该段中作者主要介绍压力对植物的影响，故A项正确。
3.Why was an artificial intelligence program used in the research？
A. To help get rid of plant stress.
B. To identify the types of stress.
C. To collect sounds emitted by plants.
D. To analyze the collected sounds of plants.
解析　D　细节理解题。由第四段中的"They then fed the...of sounds produced"可知，他们将数据输入一个人工智能程序，该程序可以分辨出植物种类和发出的声音类型之间的差异；据此可知，在研究中使用人工智能程序是为了分析收集到的植物的声音，故选D项。
4.What can we learn from Hadany’s words in the last paragraph？
A. The research is of practical value.
B. It’s difficult to understand plant sounds.
C. Further research is needed in the future.
D. It’s as easy as pie for farmers to grow crops.
解析　A　推理判断题。由尾段中Hadany的话"Doing so， researchers...both plants and humankind"可知，研究人员指出，这样做可以让农民准确地判断何时何地给作物浇水，同时做到节约用水，增加收成，减轻植物和人类的压力。据此可以推知，我们可从Hadany的话中得知该研究具有一定的实用价值，故选A项。
B
　　[2023苏北四市一调]Animals can adapt quickly to survive unfavorable environmental conditions. Evidence is mounting to show that plants can，too. A paper published in the journal TrendsinPlantScience details how plants are rapidly adapting to the effects of climate change， and how they are passing down the adaptation to their offspring（后代）.
Plants are facing more environmental stresses than ever. For example，climate change is making winters shorter in many locations， and plants are responding."Many plants require a minimum period of cold in order to set up their environmental clock to define their flowering time，"says Martinelli， a plant geneticist at the University of Florence." As cold seasons shorten， plants have adapted to require shorter periods of cold to delay flowering. These mechanisms allow plants to avoid flowering in periods when they have fewer opportunities to reproduce."
Because plants don’t have neural（神经的）networks， their memory is based entirely on cellular（细胞的）， molecular（分子的）， and biochemical networks. These networks make up what the researchers call the somatic memory."It allows plants to recognize the occurrence of a previous environmental condition and to react accordingly，" says Martinelli.
These somatic memories can then be passed to the plants’ offspring via epigenetics （表观遗传学）."Several examples demonstrate the existence of molecular mechanisms modulating plant memory for environmental stresses and affecting the adaptation of offspring to these stresses，"says Martinelli.
Going forward， Martinelli hopes to understand even more about the genes that are being passed down."We are particularly interested in decoding the epigenetic alphabet without changes in DNA sequences（顺序），"he says."This is especially important when we consider the rapid climate change we observe today. Every living organism， including plants， needs to quickly adapt to survive."
　　本文主要讲述了植物如何快速适应气候变化带来的影响以及它们如何将这些适应传递给后代等相关信息。
【词语积累】　unfavorable adj.不利的，有害的
set up 创建，安排　accordingly adv.相应地，照着
demonstrate v.证明，说明；示范
1.What adaptation have plants made to shortened cold seasons？
A. They have shortened their flowering time.
B. They have got more chances to reproduce.
C. They have avoided flowering in cold seasons.
D. They have adjusted their environmental clock.
解析　D　细节理解题。由第二段中的"Many plants require...their flowering time""As cold seasons ...delay flowering"可知，许多植物需要一段最短的寒冷时间来设置它们的环境时钟，以确定它们的开花时间。随着寒冷季节变短，植物作出相应的改变，它们需要更短的寒冷时间以延迟开花，故D项正确。
2.What can we learn about the somatic memory？
A. It is entirely based on neural networks.
B. It can help the plants’ offspring to survive.
C. It can help relieve environmental stresses.
D. It disturbs the plants’ biochemical networks.
解析　B　推理判断题。由第三段中的"It allows plants to...to react accordingly"和第四段中的"These somatic memories...via epigenetics（表观遗传学）"可知，体细胞记忆能使植物识别先前发生的环境条件并作出相应的反应，还可以遗传给后代。故可推知体细胞记忆可帮助植物的后代存活，故B项正确。
3.What does the underlined word "modulating" mean in paragraph 4？
A. Adjusting. B. Treasuring.
C. Recording. D. Sharing.
解析　A　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句的语境可知，此处表示几个例子证明了分子机制的存在，这些机制调节植物对环境压力的记忆，并影响后代对这些压力的适应，故A项"调节"正确。
4.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text？
A. Plants are smart about flowering time
B. Plants can also adapt to climate change
C. Environmental stresses challenge plants
D. Mysteries of plant genes are to be unfolded
解析　B　标题归纳题。通读全文内容尤其是文章第一段可知，越来越多的证据表明植物也可以很快适应不利的环境条件。文章主要讲述了植物如何快速适应气候变化带来的影响以及它们如何将这些适应传递给后代，故B项"植物也能适应气候变化"最适合作为本文的标题。
二、完形填空
[2023安徽池州统考]I enjoy working in the wild. As a nature 　1　， I have to brave the elements — whether it’s sunny， windy or rainy. But the best thing about this job is that you can 　2　 animals in their natural environment.
My favourite place to take photos is the Finnish National Park. It is famous for the 　3　 of its wildlife， but probably best known for its bears. These huge animals can live for 30 years. 　4　 a weight of up to 300 kilograms， they can still run at a speed of around 64 kilometers per hour.
Last spring in Finland， I followed a path leading to a dark forest. As I finally stepped out of the trees， the view was 　5　. An eagle flew over the snow-capped mountains， which were 　6　 in the peaceful lake below. I was photographing the amazing scene when I suddenly had a 　7　 that I was being watched. Slowly， and with the camera still held to my eye， I turned ... and 　8　. Only meters away from me was a bear. With water 　9　its thick， brown hair， the bear stared back at me. Time stood 　10　as the bear and I both waited to see who would move first. My legs started shaking. 　11　， I forced my finger to press the button. A second later， the bear turned and ran back into the forest. When 　12　 from the shock， I looked at my camera. My most frightening but magical experience was now 　13　 forever in a single image.
From time to time I look at the photo as a constant 　14　 to show respect for all animals. It is after all we who are the 　15　 to their world.
　　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者是一名自然摄影师，一次偶然遇到熊的惊险经历让作者对大自然的动物充满了敬意。
1.A. journalist B. designer
C. volunteer D. photographer
解析　D　由"My favourite place to take photos is the Finnish National Park"及下文可知，作者是一名自然摄影师，故选D。journalist记者， designer设计者，volunteer志愿者，photographer摄影师。句意：作为一名自然摄影师，无论是晴天、刮风还是雨天，我都必须勇敢地面对大自然。
2.A. paint B. train C. observe D. preserve
解析　C　由"As a nature　1　， I have to brave the elements — whether it’s sunny， windy or rainy"可知，作者享受在野外工作是因为能拍摄到大自然中的动物，因此这也给作者观察动物的机会，故选C。observe观察。句意：但这份工作最大的好处是你可以在其自然环境中观察动物。
3.A. variety B. origin C. safety D. cover
解析　A　由"but probably best known for its bears"可知，芬兰国家公园以其野生生物的多样性而闻名，故选A。variety多样化，origin起源，safety安全，cover封面。
4.A. Within B. Despite C. Beyond D. Through
解析　B　由"they can still run at a speed of around 64 kilometers per hour"可知，尽管这些熊很重，但是奔跑速度很快，故选B。 within在……里面，despite尽管，beyond超出，through通过。句意：尽管体重高达300公斤，它们仍能以约每小时64公里的速度奔跑。
5.A. disappointing B. breathtaking
C. speechless D. worthless
解析　B　由"An eagle flew over the snow-capped mountains， which were　6　in the peaceful lake below"可知，眼前的景色让作者叹为观止，故选B。disappointing令人失望的，breathtaking令人赞叹的，speechless说不出话的，worthless无价值的。
6.A. hidden B. reflected C. buried D. towered
解析　B　根据语境可知，作者被雄鹰飞过白雪皑皑的群山且映照在湖面的景象给迷住了，故选B。hide隐藏，reflect照出（影像）， bury埋葬，tower高耸。
7.A. saying B. dream C. feeling D. goal
解析　C　由"that I was being watched"及下文可知，一只熊在不远处看着作者，因此作者觉得自己被什么东西注视着，故选C。句意：当我正在拍摄这个惊人的场景时，我突然有一种被注视的感觉。
8.A. shouted B. fainted C. left D. froze
解析　D　由"Time stood　10　as the bear and I both waited to see who would move first"可知，作者看到熊后呆住了，故选D。shout大喊，faint昏厥， leave离开，freeze惊呆。句意：我慢慢地转过身，相机仍然举在我的眼前……然后呆住了。
9.A. falling off B. giving out
C. taking in D. picking up
解析　A　由"With water...brown hair"可知，水从熊浓密的棕色毛发上落下，故选A。fall off从……落下，give out分发，take in吸入，pick up捡起。
10.A. still B. clear C. short D. vivid
解析　A　由"as the bear and I both waited to see who would move first"可知，作者很害怕，不敢动，仿佛时间停止一般，故选A。still静止的， clear清晰的，short短的，vivid生动的。句意：时间静止了，我和熊都在等着看谁先动起来。
11.A. Besides B. Somehow
C. Otherwise D. Therefore
解析　B　由"I forced my finger to press the button"可知，不知怎么地，作者强迫自己按下相机按钮，故选B。besides此外，somehow不知怎么地，otherwise否则，therefore因此。句意：不知怎么地，我强迫我的手指按下按钮。
12.A. returning B. escaping
C. recovering D. expecting
解析　C　return返回，escape逃离，recover恢复，expect期望。由"My legs started shaking"可知，作者从震惊中恢复过来。故选C。句意：当我从震惊中恢复过来时，我看着我的相机。
13.A. applied B. exposed
C. noticed D. recorded
解析　D　由"I forced my finger to press the button"可知，作者按下了相机按钮，这个神奇的经历被永远记录下来，故选D。apply申请，expose揭露， notice注意到， record记录。
14.A. prize B. reminder C. tool D. excuse
解析　B　由"to show respect for all animals"可知，这张照片提醒作者要尊重所有动物，故选B。prize奖励，reminder提醒人的事物，tool工具，excuse借口。句意：我不时地看着这张照片，提醒自己要尊重所有动物。
15.A. masters B. servants
C. visitors D. followers
解析　C　由"to their world"并结合常识可知，对动物来说，人类是它们的过客，故选C。master主人，servant仆人，visitor游客，follower追随者。
三、语法填空
[生态环保/]Zeb Hogan， a research biologist， has been documenting large freshwater fishes for almost two decades. His search for big fish， described 1　　　　　　 the Megafishes Project， began in 2005 after learning fishermen in northern Thailand pulled a big catfish out of the Mekong River. 2　　　　　　（weigh） 646 pounds， it interested Hogan. However， he couldn’t find any scientifically documented freshwater fish larger than the one that had been the 3　　　　　　（inspire） for his search until 2022， when his research team got a call from Moul Thun. 4　　　　　　 fisherman said he’d accidentally caught a freshwater stingray "much bigger" than any 5　　　　　　（find） previously. After arriving there， the team determined that Thun’s fish was the same ray species known to occur in the Mekong River. But they 6　　　　　　（shock） to see her weight： At 661 pounds， she set a new world record.
Hogan said the original aim of the Megafishes Project was to find， study， and protect the 7　　　　　　（large） freshwater fish in the world. The challenge， as he soon learned， was that many of these fish are hard to find — they live in remote，8　　　　　　（accessible） places and are shrinking in number. As Hogan’s work progressed，9　　　　　　（it） focus increasingly turned to conservation. According to Hogan，10　　　　　　 finding the biggest fish is important， looking for ways to protect these extraordinary animals from extinction is more important.
　　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了湄公河渔民发现世界上最大的淡水鱼以及Zeb Hogan在寻找、研究和保护大型淡水鱼方面所做的努力。
1.as　考查介词。在得知泰国北部的渔民从湄公河中捞出一条大鲇鱼后，他于2005年开始寻找大鱼，这被称为"巨鱼项目"。describe... as...表示"把……称为……"，为固定搭配，此处用了过去分词作定语，表被动，故填as。
2.Weighing　考查非谓语动词。it与weigh之间为主谓关系，且谓语动作与非谓语动作同时存在，故用Weighing。
3.inspiration　考查名词。然而，直到2022年，他的研究团队接到了来自Moul Thun的电话，他才得以发现比赋予他研究灵感的那条鱼更大的有科学记录的淡水鱼。由空前的the和空后的for可知，空处应用名词，且此处表示单数意义，故填inspiration。inspiration表示"启发灵感的人（或事物），使人产生动机的人（或事物）"。
4.The　考查冠词。由语境可知，此处表示特指，这里说的渔民正是前面提到的Moul Thun，故填定冠词The。
5.found　考查非谓语动词。这个渔民说，他意外捕获了一条淡水鱼工鱼，它比之前发现的任何鱼都"大得多"。分析句子结构可知，从句已有谓语，此处应用非谓语动词，find与被修饰词之间为动宾关系，应用过去分词作后置定语，且非谓语所表示动作已完成，故填found。
6.wereshocked　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。此处陈述发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时；they与shock之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，故填were shocked。
7.largest　考查形容词的级。Hogan说，"巨鱼项目"最初的目的是寻找、研究和保护世界上最大的淡水鱼。由语境和空前的the可知，此处表示"世界上最大的淡水鱼"，应用形容词最高级，故填largest。
8.inaccessible　考查形容词。他很快就发现，挑战在于这些鱼中很多都很难被找到——它们生活在偏远、难以到达的地方，而且数量正在减少。由语境并分析句子结构可知，空处应用形容词表示"难以到达的"，故填inaccessible。
9.its　考查代词。由语境可知，此处表示工作的重点越来越转向对这些淡水鱼的保护。空处修饰名词focus，应用形容词性物主代词，故填its。
10.while/though/although　考查连词。在Hogan看来，尽管找到最大的鱼很重要，但是寻找保护这些非凡动物免于灭绝的方法更为重要。由语境可知，此处表示让步关系，故填引导让步状语从句的while/though/although。Unit 4 Meeting the muse
一、阅读理解
A
[2023江西五市九校第二次联考]The beauty of a single pheasant’s feather （野鸡羽毛） caught Nick Orr’s eye and inspired him to produce something unique.
The art of the miniaturist （微型画画家） invites us to look at the familiar in a new way by reimagining it on a different scale.
This extraordinary inversion of the beauty of birds in flight expressed microscopically （微观地） through sculpting a sole flight feather came about by chance. Orr explains， "One day my daughter asked for some pheasant’s feathers. It made me look at them and see how beautiful they were and I thought what a waste not to create something with them."
Having had his 10％ of inspiration， Orr now had to go through 90％ of perspiration （汗） to find a way to work with feathers. Orr said， "I played around with various ideas and nothing really worked， and I was holding a bunch and started cutting them to shape and to my surprise they didn’t fall apart."
"It is as difficult to design the feather as it is to cut it out. The feather is my canvas and it is such a small canvas to work on — less than 3cm — and a very particular shape. Everything I depict must fit into that."
"I see birds so differently now. Now I see the feathers first and then see the bird. I will think about how I can recreate it on a feather."
Each individual feather is treated differently， with the feather itself playing a major part in the design of the eventual image. "Once I have an idea for a picture， I will start to sketch an overall outline on paper， at the same time I’ll think about how it will fit a particular feather. I love the idea that I take a feather from a bird that most people think of as the ugliest on the planet and turn it into something beautiful."
And that’s at the heart of Orr’s work — to make us see what we normally miss.
　　本文是记叙文。文章主要介绍了微型画画家Nick Orr。
1.How did Orr begin to work on his feather artworks？
A. His whole family attempted to perfect a feather.
B. His daughter was crazy about the beautiful feathers.
C. He accidentally discovered the beauty of the feathers.
D. He always thought these feathers to be perfect medium.
解析　C　细节理解题。由第一段"The beauty of a single pheasant’s feather （野鸡羽毛） caught Nick Orr’s eye and inspired him to produce something unique"可知，他偶然发现了羽毛的美，便开始了他的羽毛艺术品创作，故选C。
2.What does Orr think of the work with feathers？
A. He believes inspiration and perspiration are of the same importance.
B. He thinks it is of the same difficulty to design the feather as to shape it.
C. He finds it too difficult to cut a bunch of feathers into different shapes.
D. He imagines the familiar single feather in the same way as people do.
解析　B　推理判断题。由第五段可推知，他认为设计羽毛和塑造羽毛同样困难，故选B。
3.Which of the following can best describe Orr？
A. Imaginative and persistent.
B. Generous and skilled.
C. Talented and caring.
D. Curious and hardworking.
解析　A　推理判断题。由第一段"The beauty of a single pheasant’s feather （野鸡羽毛） caught Nick Orr’s eye and inspired him to produce something unique"和第四段中的"Having had his 10％ of inspiration， Orr now had to go through 90％ of perspiration （汗） to find a way to work with feathers"可推知，他是一个富有想象力且坚持不懈的人，故选A。
4.What’s the heart of Orr’s work？
A. He can see what we normally miss on the planet.
B. He can see the feathers first and then see the bird.
C. He can turn the ugliest bird into something beautiful.
D. He can turn different feathers into different artworks.
解析　A　细节理解题。由最后一段"And that’s at the heart of Orr’s work — to make us see what we normally miss"可知，他的作品的核心是让我们看到我们在这个星球上通常看不到的东西，故选A。
B
[2023江苏全真模拟]The MacDowell Colony is one of the oldest and best known artist colonies in the country， located in the Monadnock Region of New Hampshire. MacDowell’s mission （使命） is to nurture the arts by offering talented individuals an inspiring residential environment to produce enduring works of creative imagination.
MacDowell’s operations are funded by foundations， corporations and individuals. Writers， composers， photographers， filmmakers and sculptors — both famous and unknown — compete for the 32 free studios at the place. Once accepted， an artist can stay for as short as a couple of weeks， or as long as a couple of months.
When they arrive， artists find a kind of isolation （隔绝） hard to find in our world. There’s no phone. No fax. No friends. No family. It’s just a cabin in the snowy woods.
Writer Emily Raboteau lives in New York City. She came to MacDowell to work on a novel. She received a desk， chairs， pencils and paper. Another colony resident， Belfast composer Elaine Agnew， plays a piece called ToaWildRose， written by Edward MacDowell. She says it’s so famous that every pianist in the world has played the tune. A hundred years ago， MacDowell owned the land where the colony now sits. He liked its isolation and his ability to get work done there. After his death， his wife， Marion， encouraged other artists to come.
And for the last century， artists have accepted the invitation， coming to step outside of their daily lives for a short time. Privacy is respected， but cooperation and discussion is common.
Screenwriter Kit Carson — who wrote TexasChainsawMassacre2 and the film adaptation of Sam Shepard’s play Paris，Texas— has visited MacDowell twice. He says that the interdisciplinary （跨学科的） discussion there is valuable.
"You sit around at dinner， talking， and then somebody runs off and brings you back some stuff and shows it to you，" he says."That， I didn’t realize， was part of the magic here because people are really open to show their opinions."
　　本文是说明文。文章介绍了麦克道尔艺术村，很多艺术家竞相到此，创作的灵感在寂寥无人处迸发。
1.What does the underlined word "nurture" in the first paragraph probably mean？
A. Teach. B. Support. C. Protect. D. Study.
解析　B　词义猜测题。由"MacDowell’s mission （使命） is to nurture the arts by offering talented individuals an inspiring residential environment to produce enduring works of creative imagination"可知，nurture是动词，是通过为有才华的人提供一个激发灵感的居住环境去达到想要的艺术效果，所以是支持艺术，nurture应与选项B意思一致。
2.What can we infer about the MacDowell Colony？
A. It is open only to famous artists.
B. The number of studios there is changeable.
C. It provides fax and some daily necessities.
D. It’s special and different from everyday places.
解析　D　推理判断题。由第三段"When they arrive， artists find a kind of isolation （隔绝） hard to find in our world. There’s no phone. No fax. No friends. No family. It’s just a cabin in the snowy woods"可知，这个艺术村是一个与众不同的地方，故选D。
3.What does Kit Carson agree with？
A. Privacy is important for everyone.
B. Isolation can improve his speaking ability.
C. Sharing different ideas is valuable.
D. Writing behind closed doors is unnecessary.
解析　C　推理判断题。由第六段中的"He says that the interdisciplinary （跨学科的） discussion there is valuable"可知，Kit Carsom认为不同思想的碰撞是很有价值的，故选C。
4.What can be the best title for the text？
A. Lonely Creation B. The Value of the Art
C. The World for Artists D. The Fashion of Isolation
解析　C　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，第一段为文章的主题段落，文章介绍了麦克道尔艺术村，很多艺术家竞相到此，创作的灵感在寂寥无人处迸发，故C项"艺术家的世界"最适合做文章的标题。
C
[艺术创新/2023贵州3＋3＋3高考备考诊断性联考]Many artists draw with pens and brushes， but few "paint" with knives. Wang Jing， a woman from Shenyang City in northeast China’s Liaoning Province， has been engaged in this novel art form for over 25 years.
In 1995， Wang was inspired by an accidental cut by a knife on a piece of red paper， which left a white line， and believed that she may have created something out of the ordinary. Using knives and paper， she then completed a painting of a pair of peacocks that later became a source of motivation for her long endeavor.
Unlike traditional paintings， onto which colors are "added"， "knife painting" uses blades to take away colors on specially made coated paper."Knife painters"apply varied pressure on the paper in different directions to create different colors and tones."Painting on paper with knives is a delicate art and each line in the painting is as thin as a hair，" said Wang， adding that once the marks are left on the paper， they cannot be covered， so it requires the painter to be completely absorbed in the work.
The novel art form was known to few people just after Wang created it. Even Wang herself was not expecting to make it something big at the beginning. But thanks to her huge enthusiasm for the art form， she has persisted with it for the past over 25 years. So far， she has completed hundreds of paintings about auspicious Chinese culture， figures， landscape， flowers and birds， of which her favorite is a 2.8-meter-long painting that depicts 20 lifelike egrets. Wang said she will continue working in the craft and make it known across the world.
　　这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲的是王静从事纸上刀绘艺术已经超过25年了，这一切都源于王静的裁纸刀不小心划到红色的纸，出现了一道白色的线条。多年来，纸上刀绘艺术在王静的努力下不断成长，她立志让更多人了解其魅力和价值，争取让这门艺术走向世界。
1.What powers Wang in her long devotion to "knife painting"？
A. The accidental cut.
B. The white line.
C. The painting of peacocks.
D. The red paper.
解析　C　细节理解题。由文章第二段中的"Using knives and paper， she then completed a painting of a pair of peacocks that later became a source of motivation for her long endeavor"可知，王静最初完成的孔雀图成为了她长久努力的动力源泉，故选C。
2.What can be learned about "knife painting" from paragraph 3？
A. It features using regular paper to create colors.
B. It challenges knife painters’ concentration.
C. It bears no difference to traditional paintings.
D. It requires painters to apply identical pressure.
解析　B　细节理解题。由文章第三段中的"‘Painting on paper with knives is a delicate art and each line in the painting is as thin as a hair，’ said Wang， adding that once the marks are left on the paper， they cannot be covered， so it requires the painter to be completely absorbed in the work"可知，因为留在画上的痕迹无法被遮盖，故需要画家在创作时全身心投入，即用刀在纸上作画对画家的专注力来说是一个挑战，故选B。
3.How does Wang feel about her achievements？
A. Unexpected. B. Reasonable.
C. Sufficient. D. Praiseworthy.
解析　A　推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的"Even Wang herself was not expecting to make it something big at the beginning"可知，王静最初并未预料到将纸上刀绘做大做强，故她对自己的成就感到意外，故选A。
4.Which can best describe Wang？
A. Persistent and aggressive.
B. Optimistic and caring.
C. Enthusiastic and humble.
D. Creative and ambitious.
解析　D　推理判断题。通读全文可知，王静作为纸上刀绘艺术家很有创造力，再结合最后一段的最后一句话"Wang said she will continue working in the craft and make it known across the world"可知，她立志让这门艺术走向世界，故她是有雄心壮志的，故选D。
二、完形填空
A T-shirt is more than clothing for Jason Sotiris. Since 2018， he’s been using it to help 　1　 kids become superheroes. Jason got 　2　 when his daughter Angela received cancer treatment."I remember I was 　3　 when she threw up — I couldn’t change her clothes without a nurse because of the mix of tubes and wires 　4　 to her body，" says Jason."That 　5　 drove me to think and invent ‘Supertee’."
Designed with a cape （短斗篷） of a special shape to make changing not so 　6　， the T-shirts look like a superhero costume helping children fight the worst conditions."They 　7　 children to see themselves as superheroes they admire." Now Jason has 　8　 Disney to launch a new Marvel Edition T-shirt and ensure more kids have one， which is meaningful for him， for he made a 　9　 to Angela， now a healthy nine-year-old， during her cancer battle."I told her I’d take her to Disneyland once we 　10　 the hospital，" says Jason."Working with Disney is to make a dream come true."
Since June 2018， Jason has　11　 over 13，000 Supertees around Australia. For Riley’s mum Tammy， the Supertee was a 　12　 for her son， now 11， making hospital visits more 　13　. "The T-shirt makes kids feel powerful. It’s strength through 　14　，" explains Tammy."When Riley puts his T-shirt on， his whole 　15　 changes. He’s less afraid and feels like he can face anything."
　　本文是记叙文。Jason从自己的女儿Angela接受癌症治疗的经历中得到启发，设计了一种像超级英雄的服装一样的"超级T恤"。这种T恤方便生病住院的孩子们换衣服，并且激励他们重拾信心与疾病作斗争。
【熟词生义】　condition常用义：n.状态，状况；情况，条件　文中义：n.长期疾病
1.A. poor B. silent C. lonely D. sick
解析　D　由下文的"his daughter Angela received cancer treatment""fight the worst conditions"等信息可知，Jason用"超级T恤"帮助生病的（sick）孩子。
2.A. disturbance B. inspiration
C. guidance D. permission
解析　B　由下文的"I remember ... I couldn’t change her clothes without a nurse because of the mix of tubes and wires　4　to her body""That　5　drove me to think and invent ‘Supertee’"可知，Jason从女儿Angela接受癌症治疗的经历中得到灵感（inspiration），设计了"超级T恤"。disturbance打扰，干扰，妨碍；guidance指导，引导，咨询；permission准许，许可，批准。
3.A. helpless B. shocked C. careful D. afraid
解析　A　由下文的"I couldn’t change her clothes without a nurse because of the mix...her body"可知，当Angela呕吐时，Jason感到无助（helpless），因为没有护士的帮助，他无法帮Angela换衣服。
4.A. matched B. exposed C. shown D. attached
解析　D　结合语境可知，Angela身上连接了很多线和管子。match找相称（或相关）的人（或物），配对；expose使面临，使遭受（危险或不快）；show展示，显示；attach把……固定，把……附（在……上）。D项符合语境。
5.A. opportunity B. choice
C. moment D. duty
解析　C　这一瞬间（moment）促使Jason去思考并发明了"超级T恤"。opportunity机会；choice选择；duty责任，义务，本分。
6.A. casual B. difficult C. frequent D. boring
解析　B　由上文的"I couldn’t change her clothes without a nurse because of the mix...her body"可知，因为孩子们在接受治疗时身上连接有很多线和管子，这使得给他们换衣服变得很困难，Jason设计的"超级T恤"使换衣服不那么难（difficult）。
7.A. enable B. convince C. order D. guess
解析　A　由最后一段中的"He’s less afraid and feels like he can face anything"可知，这些"超级T恤"让孩子们能够把自己视为自己敬佩的超级英雄，故选A。
8.A. centered on B. turned to
C. partnered with D. looked into
解析　C　由下文的"Working with Disney"可知，Jason和迪士尼合作推出了一款新的超级英雄系列T恤。center on把……当作中心，（使）成为中心；turn to向……求助，转向；partner with与……合伙，与……成为搭档；look into调查，审查。C项切题。
9.A. difference B. request
C. suggestion D. promise
解析　D　由下文的"I told her I’d take her to Disneyland"可知，Jason承诺（promise）Angela带她去迪士尼乐园。
10.A. contacted B. departed
C. found D. entered
解析　B　结合语境可知，Angela生病住院了，所以Jason应是承诺她出院后去迪士尼乐园。depart表示"离开"，符合语境。
11.A. delivered B. introduced
C. designed D. sold
解析　A　由上文的"ensure more kids have one"和下文的"For Riley’s mum Tammy， the Supertee...son， now 11"可知，在澳大利亚Jason送出了13 000多件"超级T恤"。 deliver表示"递送，传送，运载"。
12.A. side benefit B. top priority
C. game changer D. bottom line
解析　C　由下文中Tammy的话可知，"超级T恤"改变了Riley。game changer游戏规则改变者（指彻底改变事态发展的人、理念或事件）。C项切题。
13.A. urgent B. comfortable
C. necessary D. social
解析　B　结合上文对"超级T恤"的描述和下文的"The T-shirt makes kids feel powerful"可知，"超级T恤"使Riley去医院的经历变得更加舒适。comfortable表示"令人舒服的，安逸的"。
14.A. potential B. memory
C. growth D. imagination
解析　D　结合语境可知，"超级T恤"本质上还是一件普通的衣服，但孩子们通过想象其中蕴含的超级英雄的能量获得了力量。imagination表示"想象力，想象"。
15.A. impression B. identity
C. personality D. capability
解析　C　由下文的"He’s less afraid and feels like he can face anything"可知，当Riley穿上"超级T恤"后，他的性格完全变了，他不再那么害怕，并且感觉可以面对任何事。impression印象，感想；identity身份；personality性格，个性，人格；capability能力。 C项切题。Unit 3 Faster， higher， stronger
一、阅读理解
A
[2023广东揭阳四校二模]The 2022 FIFA World Cup kicked off， with more than 30 teams participating. In the tournament’s history， only eight countries have won： Brazil， Italy， France， Germany， Argentina， Spain， Uruguay and England.
It was the first time that the Cup had been held in the Middle East. Summer temperatures in Qatar regularly top 100 degrees， so for the safety of both athletes and the audience， organizers put the month-long contest off until late November， when the weather is milder.
Uruguay was the first host and winner of the World Cup back in 1930.The final match was played out in front of 60，000 audiences. No World Cup was held between 1938 and 1950 due to World War Ⅱ. The 1950 tournament in Brazil featured separate East and West German teams. It wasn’t until the 1990 World Cup that Germany took part as a unified team. West Germany won in 1954.
That 1950 Cup was also the first to feature England， despite soccer being an English invention. That year， Team USA beat England 1-0， though some British newspapers reported the result as USA 1， England 10， as editors believed the real score had a typo. Both sides believed it would be an easy win for England， and double-digit （两位数） goals were expected. This match is considered by many as one of the greatest upsets in the World Cup history.
The first women’s World Cup started many decades after the men’s， in 1991.That first one was held in China. Our team is so dominant that we have won half of all the World Cups to date. The women play every four years， just like the men， but not on the same schedule.
　　这是一篇说明文。文章以2022年卡塔尔世界杯引入主题，以时间为顺序介绍了世界杯的历史以及相关知识。
1.Why was the 2022 World Cup put off to winter？
A. To satisfy the audience.
B. To be a special match.
C. To avoid high temperatures.
D. To meet the requirements of the players.
解析　C　细节理解题。由第二段中的"Summer temperatures in Qatar regularly top 100 degrees， so for the safety of both athletes and the audience， organizers put the month-long contest off until late November， when the weather is milder"可知，2022年世界杯被推迟到冬天是为了避免高温，故选C。
2.How is the text mainly organized？
A. In time order. B. In space order.
C. By explanation. D. By comparison.
解析　A　写作手法题。由第三段内容和第四段首句及第五段首句推知，文章采用时间顺序来介绍世界杯的历史，故选A。
3.What does the underlined word "typo" mean in paragraph 4？
A. A typing error. B. A spelling error.
C. A program error. D. A mathematical error.
解析　A　词义猜测题。由第四段中的"Team USA beat England 1-0， though some British newspapers reported the result as USA 1， England 10"可知，那一年英格兰以0∶1输给了美国，但是一些英国报纸报道为10∶1赢了美国，他们认为是出现了打字错误，即画线词意为"打字错误"，故选A。
4.What can we learn about the women’s World Cup from the last paragraph？
A. China won the first women’s World Cup.
B. China has hosted 50％ of the women’s World Cups.
C. It is arranged on a different timetable from the men’s.
D. It is held in the same country as the men’s every four years.
解析　C　细节理解题。由最后一段中的"The women play every four years， just like the men， but not on the same schedule"可知，女子世界杯虽然也是每4年一次，但是时间安排不一样。故选C。
B
[体育精神/2024广东广州摸底]A famous springboard driver was defeated by his competitor in the finals of a world championship， offering congratulations to the winner and waving a tearful goodbye to the audience.
It is common in the athletic world. Sportsmen spend the best part of their lives on hard training and competitions. When it becomes evident that they are on the decline they still make great efforts to give their best so as to bring a satisfactory end to their career.
Chances to compete for the championship are few and far between. Life is short. Still shorter is the time for an athlete trying to win games. An athletic contestant really feels that there are so few opportunities and time flies. He treasures every minute， makes full use of it and tries to grasp any chance coming his way. He gets as much as he gives， winning honor not only for himself but also for his country.
To participate and to win — that is the Olympic spirit. It finds expression in the weak daring to challenge the strong， and the strong searching forever better performance. Ever better — the ideal always makes a sportsman forward. He will do everything he can for it， never relax， and never give up. It is said that none of the competitors can avoid being defeated — even the best is bound to be defeated by someone still stronger. This is the rule of sports — thousands of losers made one winner stand out who in turn will eventually be replaced by someone on the honor list. However， he is always trying to do the best he can. When the time comes and he knows he can’t， he will step down happily to give place to the younger winner， aware contentedly of the fact that he has done his best for the "ever better" records of the Olympic Games. He will say proudly that he has not lived his youth in vain.
　　本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是运动员在职业生涯中不懈追求的精神。
1.What is the function of the first paragraph？
A. To explain a phenomenon.
B. To describe a competition.
C. To lead in the topic of this passage.
D. To express worries about sportsmen.
解析　C　推理判断题。由第一段"A famous springboard driver was defeated by his competitor in the finals of a world championship， offering congratulations to the winner and waving a tearful goodbye to the audience"和第二段中的"It is common in the athletic world. Sportsmen spend the best part of their lives on hard training and competitions"可知，第一段的作用是引出这篇文章的主题，故选C。
2.According to the passage， what ideal pushes an athlete forward？
A. He wants to win people’s respect.
B. He wants to win honor for his nation.
C. He wants to make greater achievements than ever.
D. He wants to earn more and more money and fame.
解析　C　细节理解题。由最后一段中的"Ever better — the ideal always makes a sportsman forward"可知，推动运动员前进的理想是他想取得比以往更大的成就，故选C。
3.What can be learnt from the rule of sports？
A. Whatever difficulties you have met， never give up.
B. Even the strongest athlete will be defeated one day.
C. You can’t live in the sports field without any effort or progress.
D. You are the winner if you are brave enough to challenge the strong.
解析　B　细节理解题。由最后一段中的"It is said that none of the competitors can avoid being defeated — even the best is bound to be defeated by someone still stronger. This is the rule of sports — thousands of losers made one winner stand out who in turn will eventually be replaced by someone on the honor list"可知，我们可以从体育运动的规律中了解到即使是最强的运动员也有被打败的一天，故选B。
4.What is the passage mainly about？
A. Sportsmen’s spirit. B. Sportsmen’s life.
C. Sportsmen’s honor. D. Sportsmen’s hobbies.
解析　A　主旨大意题。结合全文内容，尤其是最后一段中的"To participate and to win — that is the Olympic spirit. It finds expression in the weak daring to challenge the strong， and the strong searching forever better performance"可知，本文主要讲的是运动员的精神，故选A。
二、完形填空
[体育精神/2023山西运城期末]In the sport of track and field， athletes compete not only with one another but against themselves， and with each race they try to achieve a new personal best.
As a student in Omaha Burke High School， Blake Cerveny was running in a race. Aiming to 　1　 his own personal record， after a fast start， he continued to 　2　 himself hard. With less than 400 meters to go， Cerveny’s legs cramped up （抽筋） and 　3　 him. Determined to finish， Cerveny rose from the ground and continued on， only to fall again after another 150 meters.
　4　， his coach asked him if he wanted to stop. He didn’t. With great 　5　　 Cerveny pulled himself up and with a（n）　6　 pace， moved forward for one final push. Unfortunately， it wasn’t enough. Less than 100 meters from the finish line， he lay curled on the ground. His legs had simply 　7　.
Before Cerveny’s coach could　8　 him， Brandon Schutt was at his side to offer a helping hand. His first 　9　 to get Cerveny up failed， but like Cerveny， he 　10　 to quit， too. With a second pull， Cerveny was on his feet.
At a measured jog， with Cerveny holding Schutt for　11　， the two completed the final 75 meters of the course together. Schutt even made sure the injured runner crossed the finish line first，　12　 his opponent a faster time.
In today’s highly　13　 world in which the emphasis in athletics is so often put on breaking records， it was 　14　 to see that for an athlete like Schutt， the value of true 　15　 still had legs.
　　本文为一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了田径运动员Cerveny在赛场上因腿抽筋导致腿部无力而摔倒两次，另一个运动员Brandon经过时伸出援手，帮助了他。作者认为在当今这个竞争激烈的世界，人们通常把重点放在打破纪录上，看到像Brandon这样的运动员，真正的体育精神的价值仍然存在，这是令人鼓舞的。
1.A. play B. check C. beat D. measure
解析　C　由"In the sport of track and field， athletes compete not only with one another but against themselves... to achieve a new personal best"可知，Cerveny对自己要求很高，要与自己竞争以达到新的最高水平，beat a record意为"打破纪录"，此处指Cerveny打破自己过去创下的纪录，故选C。
2.A. fight B. pull C. dash D. push
解析　D　此处是说，在一个快速的启动后，为了打破自己的纪录，他继续逼迫自己。push意为"逼迫，鼓励"。
3.A. failed B. warned C. dragged D. raised
解析　A　由后文"Determined to finish， Cerveny rose from the ground and continued on"可知，因为腿抽筋所以他摔倒了，需要站起来。动词短语fail sb.意为"某人无能为力"，此处引申为"摔倒"，故选A。
4.A. Relieved B. Exhausted
C. Concerned D. Disappointed
解析　C　根据前文，自己队的参赛选手身体出了状况，教练肯定会担心，故选C。relieved放心的，exhausted筋疲力尽的，concerned担心的，disappointed失望的。
5.A. luck B. effort C. shame D. passion
解析　B　上文提到Cerveny的腿抽筋，摔倒了，结合"Cerveny pulled himself up"可知，此处表达的是Cerveny努力使自己站起来。with great effort意为"吃力地，经过巨大的努力"，符合语境。
6.A. rapid B. relaxed C. unsteady D. impatient
解析　C　Cerveny的腿抽筋了，站起来都很费力，冲刺的话，肯定站不稳，踉踉跄跄的，故选C。rapid快速的， relaxed放松的，unsteady站不稳的，impatient急躁的。
7.A. broken in B. given out
C. fallen down D. slowed down
解析　B　由"Less than 100 meters from the finish line， he lay curled on the ground"可知，Cerveny在还剩不到100米处的地方摔倒在地上。由此推知，此时此刻，他的双腿已停止运动，故选B。break in破门而入，give out停止运行，fall down倒下，slow down减速。
8.A. guide B. blame C. reach D. serve
解析　C　他的教练还没来得及赶到，Brandon Schutt已经在他的身边帮忙了。guide引导， blame责怪，reach到达，serve服务。C符合语境。
9.A. trial B. attempt
C. conversation D. contribution
解析　B　他第一次把Cerveny拉起来的尝试失败了，但他也拒绝放弃。trial审判，attempt尝试，conversation会话，contribution捐款。B项切题，与"With a second pull， Cerveny was on his feet"相吻合。
10.A. hesitated B. regretted
C. pretended D. refused
解析　D　参见上题解析。hesitate犹豫，regret后悔，pretend假装，refuse拒绝。
11.A. direction B. courage
C. support D. comfort
解析　C　上文提到Cerveny摔倒，Brandon拉他起来；再结合"the two completed the final 75 meters of the course together"可知，Brandon支撑着Cerveny，故选C。direction方向，courage勇气，support支撑，comfort安慰。
12.A. securing B. helping
C. rewarding D. announcing
解析　A　由"Schutt even made sure the injured runner crossed the finish line first"可知，Schutt让Cerveny先跑过终点线，所以此处说的是"确保对手更快一些"，故选A。secure确保，help帮助，reward奖励，announce宣布。
13.A. diverse B. well-developed
C. ever-changing D. competitive
解析　D　在当今这个竞争激烈的世界里，体育运动的重点经常放在打破纪录上，看到像Schutt这样的运动员，真正的体育精神的价值仍然存在，这令人鼓舞。diverse多样的，well-developed发展良好的，ever-changing不断变化的，competitive竞争激烈的。D符合语境。
14.A. urgent B. common C. confusing D. inspiring
解析　D　参见上题解析。urgent紧急的，common常见的，confusing令人困惑的，inspiring鼓舞人心的。
15.A. sportsmanship B. kindness
C. cooperation D. success
解析　A　参见第13题解析。 sportsmanship体育精神，kindness善良，cooperation合作， success成功。
三、语法填空
[社会热点/2024浙江金华一中10月月考]On September 23， the opening ceremony of the 19th Asian Games in Hangzhou， east China’s Zhejiang province，1　　　　　　（offer） the spectators （观众） from the world a Chinese-style romance combining the ancient civilization and hi-tech elements.
The Hangzhou Asian Games opening ceremony was a feast 2　　　　　　 the senses， with stunning visuals， innovative performances，3　　　　　　 a moving salute（致敬） to the history and culture of Asia. It not only celebrated the gathering of athletes from the continent but also demonstrated China’s 4　　　　　　（commit） to embracing sustainability with 5　　　　　　（advance） technology.
"It is 6　　　　　　 unique opening ceremony， featuring a breathtaking light show as its centerpiece，" said TheTimesofIndia， adding that this futuristic show was to integrate artificial intelligence and eco-friendly technology，7　　　　　　（set） the stage for an unforgettable Asian Games experience.
With the aim of green Asian Games， traditional fireworks 8　　　　　　（replace） with digital forms that used the latest imaging technology. This 9　　　　　　（absent） of "real fireworks" was filled with electronic flashes and 3D animations. The atmosphere at the opening ceremony reached the highlight when the digital torchbearer ignited the main cauldron （主火炬台），10　　　　　　 marked a historic moment in the Asian Games’ history.
　　这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了在杭州举行的第19届亚运会开幕式的情况。
1.offered　考查时态和语态。由时间状语"On September 23"可知，此处是描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，且此处为句子谓语，主语与offer为主谓关系，故填offered。
2.for　考查介词。分析句子结构可知，所填词为介词，且表示"对于"，故填for。
3.and　考查连词。所填词连接三个并列的名词性短语，意为"和"，故填and。
4.commitment　考查名词。此处表示"它也展示了中国用先进技术拥抱可持续发展的承诺"。结合空前的名词所有格"China’s"可知，空格处应填不可数名词commitment（承诺）。
5.advanced　考查形容词。advanced technology意为"先进技术"。
6.a　考查冠词。此处表示"一场独特的开幕式"，故用不定冠词，且unique的读音以辅音音素开头，故用a。
7.setting　考查非谓语动词。动词set和show之间是主谓关系，故用setting作状语。
8.werereplaced　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。主语traditional fireworks和动词replace之间是动宾关系，且此处描述过去发生的事情，故填were replaced。
9.absence　考查名词。句意：这种"真正的烟花"的缺失被电子闪光和3D动画所填补。空处所填词作主语，故用不可数名词absence（不在，缺席）。
10.which　考查定语从句。分析句子可知，空处所填词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的句子，关系词在从句中作主语，故填which。Unit 2 Onwards and upwards
一、阅读理解
A
[奋斗精神/2024福建福州一测]Jill Wheatley was a PE teacher in Germany. On the weekends she competed in marathons around Europe. But life threw her a near deadly blow. While teaching a PE class， she was hit on the head with a baseball. The impact was so great that it left her with a brain injury and 70 percent vision loss， permanently blinding her in one eye. She spent 26 months in seven different hospitals， at times wishing it would just all end.
Desperately， Wheatley set out to find comfort and healing （治疗） in nature. She travelled to Nepal where a friend convinced her to run in the Annapurna 100 with him. The power from that race changed her life and eventually had her look up at the tops of the mountains. Project Vision 8000 was born. And she began her mission to stand on the top of the world’s 14 highest mountains， towering 8，000 meters above sea level， to show herself and others the power of the choice and possibility.
Colors and touch help guide her on the mountain and she has never once felt too tired to carry on."The only constant thing is change， so when the weather gets really bad or a storm is coming in， I know it is going to pass." So far， she’s had few problems standing among giants， but she admits she continues to struggle with overcoming the "mountains of her mind". Having already stared death in the face， Wheatley has great respect for the mountains and the mission she is on. But she’s not scared. The experience almost claimed her life， but it is now the driving force and fuel behind her success. At every icy peak， she smiles and takes a quick video with breathless words "So very thankful" whispered into the thin air.
　　本文主要讲述了德国的一名体育教师Wheatley在经历一次意外事故之后，重塑积极的人生态度的故事。
【词语积累】　compete v.参加比赛　deadly adj. 致命的
impact n.冲击力；影响　permanently adv.永久地
set out to do sth.开始做某事　convince v.说服
mission n.任务；使命　constant adj. 不变的；固定的
have respect for... 尊敬……　claim v.夺走，夺去（生命）
【熟词生义】　tower　常用义：n. 塔楼；塔台　文中义：v.高耸；屹立
1.What happened to Wheatley according to paragraph 1？
A. She came last in a race.
B. She suffered a head injury.
C. She lost her sight completely.
D. She was attacked on purpose in a class.
解析　B　细节理解题。由第一段中的"While teaching a PE class， she was hit on the head with a baseball...blinding her in one eye"可知，Wheatley在给学生上体育课时，被一颗棒球击中了头部，这使她脑部损伤和一只眼睛永久失明，故选B项。
2.What drove Wheatley to launch Project Vision 8000？
A. Her exploration of nature.
B. Her friend’s timely suggestion.
C. Her strong love for sports.
D. Her participation in the Annapurna 100.
解析　D　细节理解题。由第二段中的"She travelled to Nepal where a friend convinced her...Project Vision 8000 was born"可知，她到尼泊尔旅行，在那里一个朋友说服她与他一起参加Annapurna 100比赛，来自比赛的力量改变了她的生活，最终让她屹立在群山之巅眺望，这促使Wheatley创立Project Vision 8000，故选D项。
【易错点拨】　本题易错选B项，此处主要考查同学们对句子意思的理解。第二段中"The power from that race changed her life and eventually had her look up at the tops of the mountains"这句话的主语是The power from that race，其中的that race指代上句中的the Annapurna 100。尽管文中出现了"a friend convinced her to run in the Annapurna 100 with him"，但根据句子意思，这并不是促使Wheatley创立Project Vision 8000的原因，故排除。
3.What can we learn about Wheatley from the last paragraph？
A. Her attitude toward adversity was reshaped.
B. She was used to poor weather conditions.
C. She ignored the mountains of her mind.
D. Her nature helped her overcome fear.
解析　A　推理判断题。由第三段中的"The only constant thing...going to pass" "Having already stared death...she’s not scared" "but it is now the driving force and fuel behind her success"可知，Wheatley 意识到唯一不变的事物就是变化，当天气真的不好或者暴风雨要来时她知道这会马上过去的；直面死亡后，她对山和她的使命表示敬意；这些经验险些要了她的命，但现在却是她成功背后的推动力。由此我们可以看出，Wheatley对待逆境的态度已经发生了改变，故选A项。
4.What could be the best title for the text？
A. Every peak is within reach
B. Lose sight to gain vision
C. Actions speak louder than words
D. Nature will take its course
解析　B　标题归纳题。文章介绍德国的一名体育教师Wheatley在一只眼意外失明后，创立Project Vision 8000的故事。她的使命是激励自己克服困难，挑战自然和自我，站在世界高峰，并向世人展示人生中选择的力量和可能性。由此可归纳出文章的主旨是"失去视力，获得了视野"，故选B项。
B
[2024贵州贵阳摸底]I had always dreamed of living and working in New York， which promised endless opportunities. But as soon as I arrived， I realized that my journey was going to be filled with countless setbacks and challenges.
My first major failure came when I landed my dream job at a famous company. However， after just a few months， I was let go due to budget cuts. I was shocked and felt like all of my hard work had been for nothing.
Determined to bounce back， I applied for a new job at another company. This time， things seemed to be better. I was making progress and gaining valuable experience， but then I was suddenly laid off again due to company restructuring.
Feeling defeated and hopeless， I decided to take a break from the job search and focus on self-improvement. I enrolled in courses and attended workshops to learn new skills and expand my knowledge. But even with all of these efforts， I still couldn’t find the right job.
One day， while searching online job listings， I found an opportunity that seemed too good to be true. It was a remote position that offered a competitive salary and flexible hours. Without hesitation， I applied and was thrilled when I received an offer letter.
However， as soon as I started working remotely， I realized that it wasn’t the same as being in an office with colleagues （同事） around me. I struggled to communicate effectively and found it difficult to stay motivated without the support of my team.
Despite these challenges， I refused to give up. I reached out to my colleagues and tried to build relationships with them through virtual meetings and social media. With their help and encouragement， I was able to adapt to the new environment and excel in my role.
Looking back on my journey， I realized that success is not about avoiding failure， but rather about learning from it and persevering through the tough times. I encouraged others who may be facing similar challenges in their own careers to never give up their dreams and to keep pushing forward even when things get tough.
　　本文主要介绍了作者在纽约的工作经历。从失败到成功，作者意志坚定，不轻言放弃。
【词语积累】　countless adj.无数的；数不胜数的；数不尽的　budget n.预算；v.谨慎花钱；把……编入预算；adj.价格低廉的
bounce back反弹；重整旗鼓　　lay off 使下岗；解雇
defeated adj. 沮丧的　　enrollv.注册；登记
expand v.扩大；扩展　　remotely adv.远程地
reach out to 愿意倾听　　adapt to适应
excel v.擅长；突出；善于；胜过他人
push forward继续前进
1.How did the author feel about his journey when he arrived？
A. Better.　　B. Promising.
C. Tough.　　D. Confusing.
解析　C　细节理解题。由第一段中的"But as soon as I arrived， I realized that my journey was going to be filled with countless setbacks and challenges"可知，作者一到纽约就意识到他的旅程将充满无数的挫折和挑战，即很艰难，故选C项。
2.What caused the author to be laid off by the first company？
A. Company restructuring. B. Financial problems.
C. Being short of skills. D. His working attitude.
解析　B　细节理解题。由第二段中的"However， after just a few months， I was let go due to budget cuts"可知，仅仅几个月后，由于预算削减，作者被解雇了。由此可知，公司财务问题导致作者被第一家公司解雇，故选B项。
3.Why did the author keep in touch with his colleagues？
A. He wanted them not to give up.
B. He wanted to get support from them.
C. He wanted to be better than them.
D. He wanted to hold a meeting with them.
解析　B　推理判断题。由第六段中的"it wasn’t the same...without the support of my team"可知，没有团队的支持，作者很难保持积极性，这说明同事对他是很重要的。再根据第七段中的"With their help and encouragement， I was able to adapt to the new environment and excel in my role"可知，在同事的帮助和鼓励下，作者适应了新环境并表现突出。故可推知，作者和同事保持联系是为了得到他们的支持，故选B项。
4.Which of the following can best describe the author？
A. Determined. B. Modest.
C. Imaginative. D. Generous.
解析　A　推理判断题。文章围绕作者在纽约的工作经历展开描述：第一次，作者因为公司的预算削减而被解雇；作者重新找了工作，又因为公司改组而被解雇。但作者没有放弃，开始参加课程，进行自我提升。在新的工作中，作者联系同事，寻求支持和帮助，最终站稳了脚跟。由此可推知，作者是一个意志坚定的人，故选A项。
二、七选五
Sometimes， no matter how much effort you put into preparing for an interview， something goes wrong. Maybe you wake up with a headache or can’t take your mind off a pressing personal matter. 　1　 Luckily， you can use some strategies to recover from a bad job interview.
　　Give yourself time.
A bad interview can leave you feeling upset and beating yourself up. Take some time to reflect on the experience.　2　 It’s easy to become convinced that the interview went even worse than it actually did. Remember， this is only one opportunity， and there will be more.
　3　
Once you’ve spent some time reviewing the interview， ask yourself if there is anything you can learn from your mistakes. Did the interview go poorly because you were late？ Were you too stressed？ Did you give a wrong answer to a common interview question？　4　 You can prepare better for your next interview.
　　Request a second chance.
No one wants to ruin an interview， but employers are humans too and understand that people have bad days. If you think you’ve blown an interview， don’t just give up. Although there’s no sure-fire success， it’s always a good idea to send a thank-you email after your interview， and it can’t hurt to explain in the email why you were off your game. 　5　
Even if you can’t save an interview that went poorly， there are things you can do to help reduce the stress. Take a deep breath and move on to the next opportunity.
A. Look for lessons.
B. Admit your mistakes.
C. However， don’t think about it for too long.
D. Then ask if there is any way you can meet again.
E. Showing appreciation may give a positive impression.
F. Identifying the exact reason helps you fix the problem.
G. Whatever it is， the circumstance may result in a poor performance.
　　本文是说明文。面试失败后该怎么办？文章给出了几种帮助你从糟糕的面试中恢复过来的策略。
【词语积累】　pressing adj.紧急的，急迫的；不容忽视的
beat yourself up过分自责　sure-fire adj.必定成功的
off one’s game状态不佳
【熟词生义】　blow 常用义：v.刮，吹　文中义：v.失去，搞砸（努力）
1.G　空前提到了有时候，不管你为面试做了多少准备，总会出问题。也许你醒来感到头痛，或者无法将你的注意力从一件紧迫的私人事务上转移开。空后提到了你可以用一些从糟糕的面试中恢复过来的策略。由此可知，空处应与面试中的糟糕表现有关。G项"不管是什么，这种情况都可能导致糟糕的表现"与上下文联系紧密。
2.C　空前提到了一次糟糕的面试会让你感到沮丧和自责，花点时间反思一下这段经历，空后提到（人们）很容易认为面试比实际情况还要糟糕，故空处内容应与对面试的反思及其不良影响有关。C项"但是，不要考虑太久"与上文形成语意上的转折，空后内容解释了不要考虑太久的原因。
3.A　空处是段落主题句。由"ask yourself if there is anything you can learn from your mistakes"以及列举的三个问题可知，本段内容应与找出面试失败的原因并从中吸取经验教训有关。对比各段落的小标题可知，空处应为简短的祈使句，因此可将答案锁定在A项或B项。A项能更好地概括段落大意。
4.F　由空前的"Did the interview go poorly because you were late？ Were you too stressed？ Did you give a wrong answer to a common interview question？"和空后提到的你可以更好地为下一场面试做准备可知，空处应涉及反思造成面试失败的原因。F项"识别具体的原因有助于你解决问题"与上下文语意衔接紧密。
5.D　本段主要讲的是请求第二次机会。根据空前内容可知，如果你认为自己搞砸了面试，不要放弃。在面试结束后发一封感谢信解释为什么你表现不佳。空处位于段尾，是对前文内容的总结，因此空处应与信件的内容有关。D项"然后问一下你们是否可以再见面"符合语境。
三、完形填空
Dave Player is the founder and CEO of Team BRIT， a car racing team. He wants to 　1　 his team in the Le Mans 24hours endurance （耐力） sports car race in 2024.He explains， "If you’re an endurance racer， you’ll be 　2　 to compete in the race. Attending this famous event is the 　3　 of every racing driver."
If the team gains　4　 to the world’s most demanding endurance race， they’ll 　5　 the history books as the first all-disabled team to do so. Some drivers with 　6　 have taken part in it， but 　7　 as wild cards （外卡选手）."We don’t want to 　8　 them，" Dave insists."We want to compete on a 　9　 playing field like others， as a statement that even as disabled racing drivers we 　10　 on the world stage."
Dave set up the charity KartForce in 2010 as a way for 　11　 retired soldiers to use motorsport for recovery. He went on to start Team BRIT in 2015. Team member Bobby Trundle， who has 　12　 himself to car racing for years， says， "Car racing has 　13　 my life. Mentally， it’s like relaxation and also I develop deep 　14　 for the excitement. When I’m behind the wheel， my autism（自闭症） doesn’t 　15　 me. In fact， I consider it to be a super power of mine."
　　本文主要讲述了Dave Player组建了一支特殊的车队，带领残疾队员们参加各种比赛，同时队员们也从中获益匪浅的故事。
【熟词生义】　apply常用义：v.运用，应用　文中义：v.使注意力等集中于
1.A. assist B. involve C. encourage D. land
解析　B　上文提到Dave Player是赛车队BRIT的创办者和执行董事；再结合下文的"his team in the ... in 2024"可知，此处应是说他想让他的车队参加2024年的勒芒24小时耐力赛。involve表示"（使）参加，加入"，符合语境。
2.A. fortunate B. ready
C. anxious D. unwilling
解析　C　由下文的"Attending this famous... every racing driver"可知，此处指如果你是赛车手，你会渴望参加勒芒24小时耐力赛，参加这一著名赛事是每个赛车手的梦想。anxious表示"渴望，非常希望"，符合语境。
3.A. destination B. result
C. reward D. dream
解析　D　参见上题解析。dream梦想。
4.A. admission B. exposure
C. promotion D. reference
解析　A　由语境可知，如果该队获得这项世界上要求最高的耐力赛的参赛资格的话，他们将作为第一支全是残疾人参赛的队伍被载入史册。admission表示"准许加入，加入权，进入权"，符合语境。exposure接触；promotion晋级，升级；reference提及，推荐信。
【易错点拨】　脱离语境——虽然promotion"晋级，升级"是比赛中的常用词，但文中并未具体介绍勒芒24小时耐力赛的比赛要求，且结合语境可知，此处只是在强调"参加"比赛，故可排除C项。
5.A. revise B. create C. enter D. keep
解析　C　参见上题解析。enter进入。
6.A. expectations B. disabilities
C. ambition D. concern
解析　B　由上文的"all-disabled"可知，此处表示有些残疾赛车手也参加了这项比赛，但仅仅是以外卡选手的身份参加的。disability表示"（某种）缺陷，障碍"，符合语境。expectation期待；ambition抱负，雄心；concern担忧。
7.A. obviously B. probably
C. rarely D. merely
解析　D　参见上题解析。obviously明显，显然；probably很可能；rarely罕有，很少；merely仅仅，只是。
8.A. follow B. evaluate C. miss D. ignore
解析　A　由上文的"We don’t want"及下文的"We want to compete ... like others"可知，Dave他们不想像有些车手一样以外卡选手的身份来参加比赛。follow表示"追随，仿效"，符合语境。
9.A. special B. level
C. formal D. professional
解析　B　由下文的"like others"可知，他们想要在平等的竞争环境中参加比赛，即想要与他人公平竞争。level意为"等高的，地位相同的，价值相等的"，a level playing field表示"公平竞争的环境"。special特别的；formal正式的；professional专业的。
10.A. survive B. win
C. progress D. belong
解析　D　由语境可知，此处表示残疾赛车手也应该在世界舞台上。belong表示"应在（某处），适合（某种情形）"，符合语境。
11.A. enthusiastic B. energetic
C. injured D. determined
解析　C　由上文的"all-disabled team"及下文的"recovery"可知，Dave在2010年成立了慈善机构KartForce，为受伤的退役士兵提供一种通过赛车运动来恢复健康的方式。enthusiastic热情的；energetic精力充沛的；injured受伤的；determined坚毅的，坚决的。C项切题。
12.A. applied B. abandoned
C. addressed D. adapted
解析　A　由语境可知，Bobby Trundle数年来一直致力于赛车运动。apply oneself to...表示"致力于……"。
13.A. shaped B. guaranteed
C. transformed D. saved
解析　C　由下文的"Mentally， it’s like relaxation ... mine"可知，赛车改变了他的生活。transform表示"改变"，符合语境。
14.A. respect B. love C. motivation D. pity
解析　B　上文提到Bobby Trundle数年来一直致力于赛车运动，那么他应是喜欢这一运动的。因此，此处指他非常喜欢（love）赛车运动带来的刺激感。
15.A. run for B. go after
C. make up D. turn against
解析　D　由下文的"In fact， I consider it to be a super power of mine"可知，Bobby的自闭症没有对他产生负面的影响，反而成了他的"超能力"。turn against表示"（使）与……反目成仇，变得敌对"，符合语境。run for竞选；go after追赶，追求；make up编造。Unit 1 Laugh out loud
一、阅读理解
A
[2023河北保定联考]You’ve probably heard the phrase， "Laughter is the best medicine." ComedyonReferral has taken that idea and run with it， using standup comedy to help treat people struggling with trauma （精神创伤） and anxiety in partnership with the National Health Service （NHS）.
The idea came from comedian Angie Belcher’s experiences teaching comedy at the University of Bristol. She found that students often told her how much stronger and more resilient （有适应力的） they were thanks to standup comedy.
Inspired， she teamed up with the NHS in Bristol to create a six-week comedy course for patients struggling with trauma in January 2022.Following the success of this initial course，ComedyonReferral won NHS funding to help men with trauma in London.
Talking to TheBristolPost， Belcher said， "Past traumas are perfect for comedy. Comedy doesn’t come from the happy， perfect moments of your life， but from our everyday struggles and major life events. People who’ve been through big life experiences such as the death of a loving one and ill health often can’t wait to tell me their story， mostly because there’s always something especially funny about the situation."
Research has shown that laughter has positive psychological effects， such as decreasing levels of cortisol — the stress hormone — and increasing endorphins （内啡肽）. It can even have physiological benefits， although less research has been done in this area. Current research has linked laughter and humour with increased levels of pain tolerance as well as short-term cardiovascular（心血管的） benefits. More research is needed to prove these findings.
Nonetheless， the mental health benefits of regular laughter are widely accepted， and using comedy to treat mental health struggles could be a real breakthrough in the treatment of mental health problems.
　　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述的是《推荐喜剧》采纳了"笑是最好的药"这一观点，并与英国国家医疗服务体系合作，用单口喜剧来辅助治疗与精神创伤和焦虑作斗争的人。
1.Why is the phrase mentioned in paragraph 1？
A. To stress the importance of laughter.
B. To explain the harm trauma causes.
C. To show the effect of standup comedy.
D. To state the idea behind ComedyonReferral.
解析　D　推理判断题。由第一段中的"ComedyonReferral has taken that idea and run with it， using standup comedy to help treat people struggling with trauma （精神创伤） and anxiety in partnership with the National Health Service（NHS）"可知，第一段中提到"笑是最好的药"是为了阐述《推荐喜剧》与英国国家医疗服务体系合作的思路，即运用喜剧来辅助治疗与精神创伤和焦虑作斗争的人，故选D。
2.How was the first six-week comedy course for patients？
A. Ambiguous. B. Effective.
C. Controversial. D. Fruitless.
解析　B　细节理解题。由第三段中的"Following the success of this initial course"可知，首次为期六周的课程是成功的，即有效，故选B。
3.What may contribute to a comedy according to Belcher？
A. Happy moments. B. Funny moments.
C. Struggling moments. D. Successful moments.
解析　C　细节理解题。由第四段中的"Comedy doesn’t come from the happy， perfect moments of your life， but from our everyday struggles and major life events"可知，Belcher认为喜剧来源于日常生活中的挣扎和生活中的重大事件，故选C。
4.What is the text？
A. A news report. B. A book review.
C. A comedy story. D. A diary.
解析　A　推理判断题。结合全文内容，特别是第四段中的"Talking to TheBristolPost， Belcher said"可知，文章讲述的是《推荐喜剧》采纳了"笑是最好的药"这一观点，并与英国国家医疗服务体系合作，用单口喜剧来辅助治疗与精神创伤和焦虑作斗争的人。由此推断，文章是一篇新闻报道，故选A。
B
[2024广西南宁摸底]It’s well-known that humor can benefit us both physically and mentally. The idea that laughter is the best medicine has been around since ancient times. In his 1905 book，JokesandTheirRelationtotheUnconscious， Sigmund Freud argued that humor is the highest of the psyche’s defense mechanism （机制）， capable of turning anxiety into pleasure.
There are four humor styles. Affiliative humor refers to jokes about things that might be commonly considered funny， which is usually employed to improve relationships or make others laugh. If you’ve ever shared a funny picture with a coworker， you’ve used affiliative humor. Self-enhancing humor involves being able to laugh at yourself， often used as a way for you to deal with stress or difficulties and feel better. Aggressive humor is laughing at the expense of others， which often involves sarcasm （讽刺）， teasing， and criticism. Self-defeating humor is the art of putting yourself down to gain favor from your peers， which is possibly used by someone who’s targeted by bullies.
Each style of humor actually carries a different influence， when it comes to mental health. Julie Aitken Schermer， a psychological researcher at the University of Western Ontario， says people using self-enhancing humor are less likely to show signs of loneliness and poor relationships with others. By contrast， both aggressive and self-defeating humor styles can hint attrouble."We find that self-defeating humor is the most concerning style as it is also linked with loneliness and feelings of not mattering. Those with an aggressive humor style may not experience loneliness as much， however， since they rely on group dynamics （小组动力） in order to make fun of their peers，" says Schermer.
Even if you tend to favor more negative humor styles， there’s no reason to lose heart. Schermer says people can develop a positive， self-enhancing humor style by concentrating on the lighter and more humorous aspects of life. As author Kurt Vonnegut once wrote， "Laughter and tears are both responses to worries and anxieties. I prefer to laugh， since there is less cleaning up to do afterward."
　　本文是一篇说明文。文章通过一本书JokesandTheirRelationtotheUnconscious介绍了四种不同的幽默类型。
1.Why is Sigmund Freud’s book mentioned in Paragraph 1？
A. To show the importance of mental health.
B. To stress the role of humor.
C. To persuade people to stay positive.
D. To introduce ancient jokes.
解析　B　推理判断题。由第一段可知，Sigmund Freud书中观点表明幽默是心灵的防御机制，能够让忧虑转为喜悦，即强调幽默的作用，故选B。
2.According to the text， which kind of humor may you use to relieve pressure？
A. Affiliative humor. B. Self-enhancing humor.
C. Aggressive humor. D. Self-defeating humor.
解析　B　细节理解题。由第二段中的"Self-enhancing humor involves being able to laugh at yourself， often used as a way for you to deal with stress or difficulties and feel better"可知，用于缓解压力的是自我提升型幽默，故选B。
3.What does the underlined phrase "hint at" probably mean in the third paragraph？
A. Signal. B. Explain. C. Prevent. D. Solve.
解析　A　词义猜测题。由"Julie Aitken Schermer， a psychological researcher at the University of Western Ontario， says people using self-enhancing humor are less likely to show signs of loneliness and poor relationships with others"以及"By contrast， both aggressive and self-defeating humor styles"可知，使用自我提升型幽默的人不太可能表现出孤独和与他人关系不好的迹象。相比之下，攻击型和自我挫败型幽默都可能暗示着有问题，故画线词意思是"暗示"，所以选A。
4.Which of the following will Kurt Vonnegut probably agree with？
A. Humor is difficult to control.
B. Crying is a good way of relief.
C. Humor is a double-edged sword.
D. Laughter is the best cure for stress.
解析　D　推理判断题。由第四段中的"Laughter and tears are both responses to worries and anxieties. I prefer to laugh， since there is less cleaning up to do afterward"可知，Kurt Vonnegut更喜欢笑，可得出他可能同意"笑是治疗压力的最好方法"这一观点，故选D。
二、七选五
[2024福建福州一测]How to Be More Interesting
No one is boring and no one needs to be perfect. But maybe you feel that you are boring and need to be more interesting.　1　 If you want to be more interesting， then you’ve come to the right place.
Loosen up and be natural. One reason why many people fail to become interesting people is that they worry too much over the small things and don’t come across as natural. Their effort backfires （产生事与愿违的结果） on them， because they are just trying too hard. 　2　 Live a life one day at a time.
Be positive and optimistic. Interesting people are happy people. This is one of the reasons why we find them so interesting. Whether we admit it or not， we want to know how and why happy people are so happy.　3　
Build an open personality. Be available to the world and look for excitement instead of waiting for it to find you. Celebrate flexibility and a "just go with it" attitude. Often people aren’t interesting because they are reserved. 　4　 Of course， to some extent， this is true， but you can also take this too far. By holding them back too much， you’re limiting your potential and in the process of becoming less interesting. The more reserved you get， the more static（停滞的） your life is.
　5　 Being interesting means doing things you’ve never done before and being willing to share those experiences with other people. People who are boring and dull normally possess a very small comfort zone. So try to constantly expand your comfort zone and dare yourself to try new things. This is the quickest path to become more interesting.
A. Expand your comfort zone.
B. Try to stay relaxed and flexible.
C. A good laugh could be the best medicine.
D. Being interesting also involves high intelligence.
E. Many people feel they need to hold back feelings to protect themselves.
F. Moreover， no one really wants to be around a negative， unhappy person.
G. Being an interesting person is something that can be learned and practiced.
　　本文为说明文，主要介绍了如何成为更加有趣的人。
【词语积累】
loosen up 放松 come across 给人（某种）印象；遇见 optimistic adj.乐观的
reserved adj.内向的；矜持的　potential n.潜力；可能性
hold back 抑制，控制（感情等）　expand v.扩大；扩展
1.G　空前一句讲也许你感到自己很无聊并且需要变得更加有趣。空后一句提到如果你想变得更加有趣，那么你来对了地方。结合下文提供的具体建议可知，成为有趣的人是可以习得的，故G项"成为有趣的人是可以学习和练习的"符合语境。其中的"Being an interesting person"与前后句的"be more interesting"呼应。
2.B　空前一句讲他们的努力会产生事与愿违的结果是因为他们过于努力了，空后讲顺其自然。本段的主题句是"放松且自然"，故B项"尽力保持放松和灵活"符合语境。
3.F　本段主题句为"变得积极和乐观"。第二句意为"有趣的人是快乐的人"，讲述了要积极和乐观的第一个原因；结合选项可知，F项"而且，没有人真正想与消极的、不快乐的人在一起"则说明了要积极、乐观的第二个原因，符合语境。
4.E　本段主题句"培养一种开放的性格"与空前句"很多时候人们并不有趣，因为他们是内向的"引出本段内容与开放和内向有关。E项"很多人觉得他们需要控制感情来保护自己"承接前句，其中的"need to hold back feelings"与空后的"holding them back"呼应。
5.A　根据每段主题句可知，此空所在句子应为祈使句，所以范围缩小到A和B选项。本段主要介绍成为有趣的人意味着做未做过的事并愿意与人分享自己的经历。那些无聊乏味的人通常只拥有很小的舒适区。你要尽力不断地扩大自己的舒适区，让自己尝试新事物。A项"Expand your comfort zone"最能概括本段大意。
三、完形填空
[2023云南师大附中第十次高考适应性考试]Ritch Addison was a shy kid. In elementary school， he was too timid to speak up for himself. When he got to high school， he decided to make a（n）　1　 and began to develop a sharp sense of humor to prevent the other kids 　2　 him.
"I believe laughter is the best medicine， for it has the power to heal and unite，" Addison said."So I was　3　 up my shyness by joking and making fun of others."
His new approach　4　. Being humorous， he made more friends and gained 　5　."When I got a hundred on the test while someone didn’t，" Addison said， "I would kid him 　6　 about it."
Then one day， his good friend Holly pulled him　7　 and said， "You know， Ritch， sometimes you really hurt people’s feelings." What a（n）　8　 thing！ He had always viewed himself as someone who made his friends laugh， but never 　9　 to hurt anyone. Reflecting on his 　10　 behaviors， he began to realize Holly was right."I started keeping an eye on my words， trying to be entertaining， but not 　11　，" he said.
It didn’t happen overnight. But over the years， Addison has thought more about others and he became a clinical psychologist， helping people　12　 more inclusive interpretations about themselves and others. Looking back， he says he 　13　 much of his change in attitude to Holly. “She cared enough to say something to me， something that probably wasn’t 　14　 to say. But it was something that changed the 　15　 of my life in a very significant way."
　　这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了里奇·艾迪生在高中时喜欢用嘲笑的方式表达幽默，在朋友霍莉的提醒下，他改变了自己的幽默方式，从而成功地改变了人生的故事。
1.A. effort B. wish C. fortune D. shift
解析　D　由"Ritch Addison was a shy kid"及后文"began to develop a sharp sense of humor"可知，里奇想由原来的害羞转变为培养很强的幽默感，故选D。effort努力，wish愿望，fortune幸运，shift转变。
2.A. picking on B. blaming on
C. counting on D. agreeing on
解析　A　由"In elementary school， he was too timid to speak up for himself"可知，他太胆小不敢为自己辩护，说明他培养很强的幽默感是为了防止别的孩子故意刁难他，故选A项。pick on故意刁难，blame on指责，count on依靠，agree on约定。
3.A. showing B. covering C. making D. adding
解析　B　由"‘I believe laughter is the best medicine， for it has the power to heal and unite，’ Addison said"可知，艾迪生认为笑是最好的药，因为它有治愈和团结的力量，由此推断出他想用开玩笑的方式掩饰自己的害羞，故选B项。show展示，cover掩饰，make制造，add添加。
4.A. mattered B. failed C. worked D. settled
解析　C　由"Being humorous， he made more friends"可知，艾迪生交到了更多朋友，说明他的新方法起作用了，故选C项。matter有重大影响，fail失败，work起作用，settle解决。
5.A. profits B. assistance
C. compliments D. confidence
解析　D　由"he made more friends"可知，他交到了更多朋友，推断出他对自己更有信心了，故选D项。profit利益，assistance帮助，compliment赞美，confidence信心。
6.A. generously B. ungratefully
C. unmercifully D. kindly
解析　C　由"You know， Ritch， sometimes you really hurt people’s feelings."可知，霍莉认为里奇的做法会伤害到别人的感情，说明里奇每次考了100分而别人没有的时候，他会无情地嘲笑别人，从而伤害了别人的感情，故选C项。generously慷慨地，ungratefully忘恩负义地，unmercifully无情地，kindly善良地。
7.A. aside B. through C. over D. apart
解析　A　pull sb. aside为固定短语，意为"把某人拉到一边"，符合句意，故选A项。句意：然后有一天，他的好朋友霍莉把他拉到一边，说："你知道的，里奇，有时你真的伤害了人们的感情。"
8.A. disappointing B. amazing
C. interesting D. exciting
解析　B　由"He had always viewed himself as someone who made his friends laugh"可知，里奇以前一直以为自己是一个让朋友开怀大笑的人，当听到朋友说他伤害别人的感情时，他应该是惊讶的，故选B项。amazing令人惊诧的。
9.A. determined B. meant C. longed D. afforded
解析　B　由"He had always viewed himself as someone who made his friends laugh"可知，他以前一直以为自己是一个让朋友们开怀大笑的人，推断出他并没有打算伤害任何人，故选B项。determine决定，mean打算，long渴望，afford支付得起。
10.A. formal B. bold C. previous D. mysterious
解析　C　由"‘When I got a hundred on the test while someone didn’t，’ Addison said，‘I would kid him 　6　 about it.’"可知，艾迪生之前的行为就是自己考100分之后会嘲笑其他没考100分的人，故选C项。formal正式的，bold大胆的，previous以前的，mysterious神秘的。
11.A. teasing B. pleasing C. boasting D. joking
解析　A　由"‘When I got a hundred on the test while someone didn’t，’ Addison said，‘I would kid him 　6　 about it.’"可知，里奇对于没考100分的同学开的玩笑很无情，推断出他在取笑别人，故选A项。 tease取笑，please使高兴，boast自夸，joke开玩笑。
12.A. acquire B. deliver
C. doubt D. comprehend
解析　A　由"Addison has thought more about others and he became a clinical psychologist"可知，艾迪生能更加为他人着想并成为临床心理学家，说明他有能力帮助人们获得更多的对自身和他人的理解，故选A项。acquire获得， deliver传送， doubt怀疑， comprehend理解。
13.A. introduces B. devotes
C. leaves D. owes
解析　D　由"But it was something that changed the　15　 of my life in a very significant way."可知，艾迪生认为霍莉的话以一种重要的方式改变了他的生活，推断出他将自己态度的转变归功于霍莉，故选D项。introduce介绍，devote奉献，leave离开，owe归功于。
14.A. awkward B. difficult C. polite D. easy
解析　D　由"Then one day... ‘You know， Ritch， sometimes you really hurt people’s feelings.’"可知，霍莉把艾迪生拉到一旁给艾迪生提建议，再结合常识可知，提建议是一件不容易做到的事情，故选D项。awkward令人尴尬的，difficult困难的，polite礼貌的，easy容易的。
15.A. faith B. direction C. content D. value
解析　B　由"Addison has thought nore about others and he became a clinical psychologist"可知，艾迪生更加为他人着想，成为了一名临床心理学家，说明霍莉的话改变了他原本的幽默，从而也改变了他的人生方向，故选B项。faith忠诚，direction方向，content内容，value价值。