Unit 6 Nurturing nature
I had been working in Xizang for several months.At my leisure I would walk around and appreciate the splendid scenery， like the well-known landmark— the Potala Palace， and the elegant Tibetan antelopes wanderingaround on the Plateau.While the tourism doesfavourthe local economy， it also brings massive problems to the local environment and disturbs the wildlife here. Never should we develop economy at the cost of using up natural resources. So， when an environmental volunteer program was advertised online， itcaught my eye instantly. I tried my best to prove that I was a perfect applicant via email.And I stood out from other candidates because I had related qualifications. I was very happy that I could do something for the local nature conservation despite without a salary.
1 wandervt.&vi.徘徊，闲逛，游荡 vi.（思想）开小差，走神；（目光）慢慢地移开
1.结合语境写出下列句子中画线部分的含义
①His eyes wandered towards the photographs on the wall. （目光）慢慢地移开
②Don’t let your mind wander in class. （思想）开小差，走神
③Elizabeth wandered the streets in the moonlight. 闲逛，游荡
2.He was wandering around the pyramid， wondering how on earth this wonder was built.（wander/wonder）
★形近词：wonder n.奇迹；惊奇v.感到诧异；想知道
2 favourn.支持，赞同；帮助，恩惠 vt.较喜欢，选择；有利于
1.I generally favour running （run） in the early morning， when the roads are quiet.
2. Favourable （favour） policies are in effect to encourage employees’ professional development.
3.我在打电话时，请帮我一个忙，把收音机音量调小。
Please do me a favour/do a favour for me and turn down the radio while I am on the phone.
4.大部分学生都赞同这次旅行，但我们的老师不同意。
Most of the students were in favour of this trip， but our teacher didn’t favour it. （in favour of；favourv.）
点拨
表示"赞同"的其他表达：be for， approve， agree with。
★favour（doing）sth.更喜欢（做）某事
★do sb.afavour＝do a favour for sb.＝give sb. a hand帮某人的忙
ask sb.afavour＝ask a favour of sb.请求某人帮忙
in favour of 赞同，支持
in one’s favour有利于某人，有助于某人
★favourableadj.有利的；赞同的
favouriteadj.特别受喜爱的
3 qualificationn.技能条件，资格，学历；资历
1.I believe my academic background and work experience will qualify me for this position.（申请信）
2.The test qualifies you to drive （drive） heavy vehicles.
3.读了这份比赛公告后，艾伦想知道他是否有资格参加。 （读后续写之心理描写）
→①Having read the competition announcement，Alan wondered whether he was qualified to participate in it .（qualified）
→②Having read the competition announcement， Alan wondered whether he had the qualification to participate in it .（qualification）
4.她希望在年底获得律师资格。（qualify）
She hopes to qualify as a lawyer at the end of the year.
★have qualifications to do sth./for （doing）sth. 有（做）某事的资格
★qualify v.使合格；取得资格
qualify as…取得……的资格
qualify sb.to do/for…使某人有资格做……
★qualified adj.具备……的资历；符合资格；有条件的
be （highly/fully） qualified to do/for...（高度/完全）能胜任……/符合……的资格
4 catchone’seye引起某人注意，惹人注目
用catch的相关短语完成句子
1.The ladies spent some time catching up on each other’s health and families.
2.Alan couldn’t turn up at the meeting on time， because he was/got caught up in heavy traffic.
3.Having been ill for a long time， he tried hard to catch up with his classmates.
4.When I was walking down the street， a girl caught my eye/attention — she was a long-lost friend from high school！
5.His face was as white as a sheet as he caught sight of a bear only several metres before him.（读后续写之神态描写）
★catch one’s attention 吸引某人的注意
catch sight of 看见
catch sb. doing sth. 抓到某人在做某事
★catch up on了解（已发生的事情）；补做
be/get caught up in 被卷入，陷入
catch up （with sb.）赶上，追上（某人）；达到（某水平）
5 useup用尽，吃光
1.由于好几个月没有下雨，粮食供应耗尽，那里的情况越来越糟。
With no rain for months and food supplies used up/running out ， the situation there got from bad to worse.
点拨
此处为with复合结构，其中含有两个宾语no rain和food supplies，分别对应的宾语补足语为介词短语for months和空处所填的非谓语，因use up与food supplies为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用used up。此处若用run out，则要用running out，因run out为不及物短语动词，与food supplies之间为逻辑上的主谓关系。
2.据估计，到21世纪中叶，我们将会用完所有的汽油。
It is estimated that by the middle of the 21st century， we will have used up/run out of all the gasoline .
点拨
根据空前的时间状语by the middle of the 21st century可知，此处时态应为将来完成时。此处可以用短语动词use up，也可以用run out of。辨析use up/run out/run out of：
use up，及物短语动词，主语一般是人，可接宾语，可用于被动语态。
run out，不及物短语动词，主语是物，不可接宾语，不可以用于被动语态。
run out of，及物短语动词，主语一般是人，后面接宾语，但一般不用于被动语态。
3.省点水，我们在到达目的地之前还有好长的路要走，别把它用光了。
Save some water.There is a long way to go before we reach our destination， so don’t use it up .
★use up为及物短语动词，主语一般是人，可接宾语，可用于被动语态。其宾语为人称代词时，要置于use和up之间。
★表示"用尽"的其他短语：run out，run out of。
6 疑问词/whether＋不定式
1.This room is too small.The problem now is where to put this bookshelf.
2.什么时候开会还没有决定。
When to hold the meeting has not yet been decided.
3.回家的路上她考虑是否告诉他真相。 （读后续写之心理描写）
On her way home she thought about whether to tell him the truth .
★该结构在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等（注意：作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式）。
7 not...but...不是……而是……
1.Not his brothers but Tom himself was invited （invite） to the party yesterday.
2.放学后他没有直接回家，而是去了商场为妈妈挑选礼物。（读后续写之动作描写）
After school， he didn’t go home directly， but went to the mall to pick out a gift for his mother.
3.电视和空调都坏了，所以他们不得不打电话叫维修工。（读后续写之情境描写）
Neither the TV nor the air conditioner was working， so they had to call the repairman. （neither... nor...）
★"not…but…"用于连接两个并列的成分。连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词要遵循"就近原则"，即谓语动词与but后的成分在人称和数上保持一致。
★遵循"就近原则"的其他结构：there be， neither...nor...， either...or...， not only...but also...Unit 5 Revealing nature
Cholera used to be one of the deadliest diseases worldwide of all time. Centuries ago， neither its cause nor its cure was understood. John Snow detected many victimslinkedto a cholera outbreak lived near a water pump.Hesuspectedthat the polluted water was to blame，so he had the handle of the pump removed.Soon afterwards there was a substantial decline of the disease.
1 suspectvt.&vi.猜想，怀疑，觉得 n.（犯罪）嫌疑人，可疑分子 adj. 不可信的；可疑的
1.Suspecting the traveller of carrying dangerous goods， the customs officer stopped him and went through his suitcase.
2.James Bond， meanwhile， detects a spy on a sleeper（卧铺列车） after noticing him behave suspiciously （suspect） in the dining car.
3.警方怀疑那个年轻人是这起抢劫案的组织者。
→①Police suspected that the young man was the organizer of the robbery. （that从句）
→②Police suspected the young man to be the organizer of the robbery.（不定式）
→③Police suspected the young man of being the organizer of the robbery.（介词）
★suspect sth./sb.to be…猜想某物/某人是……
suspect sb. of （doing）sth.怀疑某人（做了）某事
suspect that…怀疑/觉得……
★suspicious adj.怀疑的；令人怀疑的
be suspicious of/about...感觉……可疑
★suspicion n.怀疑，嫌疑
under suspicion有嫌疑，涉嫌
2 declinen.&vi.减少，下降，衰退，衰落 vi.&vt.婉言拒绝，谢绝
1.Demographers believe this country’s population of 144 million will decline to 115 million by 2050.
2.In parts of southern California the number of big trees has declined by nearly 75 percent.
3.The recent cold weather has prevented residents from going out， which may account for the decline in/of the number of customers at the shopping mall.
4.Libraries are an investment for the future and they should not be allowed to fall into decline.
5.到了清末，剪纸一度因为新艺术形式的引入而衰落。 （中国文化）
By the end of the Qing Dynasty， paper-cutting was once in decline/
on the decline because new art forms were being introduced.（decline n.）
6.她拒绝了和朋友共进午餐，说感觉自己身体不舒服。
She declined to have lunch with her friend ， saying that she wasn’t feeling well.（decline v.）
★decline by…下降了……
decline to…下降到……
★in decline/on the decline 在下降；正在衰退，逐渐式微
fall/go into （a） decline 开始衰退，走下坡路
★decline （to do）sth. 拒绝（做）某事
★"下降"的其他表达：reduce，lessen，go down，cut down
"上升"的表达：increase，rise，on the increase，go up，add up
3 blamevt.责怪，指责；把……归咎于 n.责备，指责
1.[人教选必②－1]He was to blame （blame） for the accident because he drove on the wrong side of the road.
2.Some experts blamed the death of all the plants on a certain rare disease.
3.不要总把自己的失败归咎于他人，你更需要的是自我反思。 （读后续写之主旨升华）
→①Don’t always blame your own failure on others . What you need more is self-reflection.（blame v.）
→②Don’t lay/put the blame for your own failure on others .What you need more is self-reflection.（blame n.）
点拨
高考通常从以下几个角度设题对blame进行考查：
（1）to blame作表语时要用主动形式表示被动意义；
（2）通过非谓语动词结构对blame进行考查；
（3）blame后的介词既可以用on又可以用for，on表示责怪的对象， for表示责怪的原因。
★blame sb.for（doing）sth.责怪某人（做了）某事
blame sth.on sb./sth.把某事归咎于某人/某事（物）
be to blame （for sth.）对（坏事）负有责任
★bear/take/accept/shoulder the blame for sth.为某事承担责任
put/lay the blame for sth.on…把某事归咎于……
4 linkvt.把……联系起来；连接；相关联 n.联系；纽带
1.[北师选必②－6]They realise that it does not matter how attractive the idea linked with/to the product is — most people know and anticipate that the main purpose of the advertisement is to make customers buy the product.
点拨
本题解题前大家应先分析句子结构："linked with/to the product"在how引导的从句中作定语，修饰从句的主语the idea。本题实际上考查的是link…with/to…的被动语态。
2.早在两千多年前，古丝绸之路就把中国和中亚的一些国家联系起来了。 （中国文化）
The ancient Silk Road linked China to/with some countries in Central Asia as early as over 2，000 years ago.
3.研究者发现经常在外吃饭与体重的增长之间有直接的联系。
Researchers have found that there is a direct link between eating out frequently and the increase in weight.
★link…with/to…把……和……连接/联系起来
There is a link between…and………和……之间有联系。
★表示"与……有联系"的短语还有：be related to，be associated with， be involved in， be connected with等。
5 ofalltime自古以来，有史以来
用time的相关短语完成句子
1.As is well known， Einstein is one of the greatest scientists of all time .
2.Friendship gives us a feeling of safety and warmth， and encourages us to go ahead all the time .
3.Each of us fails at times/from time to time ， and we should accept these failures as a necessary part of the learning process.
4.Frank has great potential.Trained properly， he’ll become a first-class athlete in time .
5. Every time I introduce Jack to something new， he is very happy because he likes to learn new things.
6.The poor old man was bitten by a poisonous snake just now and was treated in no time .
7. At no time should we do anything that will harm the interests of our nation.
★all the time 一直，始终
at the same time 同时
in time 及时；迟早
at times 有时
from time to time 偶尔，不时
every time 每次，每当（可引导时间状语从句）
in no time 立刻，马上
at no time 在任何时候都不
6 way后接的定语从句
1.She is capable of solving problems in a completely original way which/that always gives us new ideas and angles for the matter.
2.Art can connect culture with commercial products in a way that/in which not many other things can.
3.Healthy eating along with regular exercise is probably the only way that can help you become fit.
点拨
先行词way被the only修饰，且关系词在从句中作主语时，只用关系代词that引导从句。
4.我们老师解释那个问题的方法很简单。
The way （that/in which） our teacher explained the question was quite simple.
★当way后面的从句缺少状语时，用关系词that或in which引导，that可以省略。
★当way后面的从句缺少主语或宾语时，关系词用that或which；若关系词在从句中作主语，则不可省略。
前缀de\
结合语境写出下列句子中画线部分的含义
1.[2023全国甲] Their recovery has been so successful that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies， which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted. 除名
2.Work in home is often ignored and devalued. 贬低
3.Some people spread untrue messages or defame others； such behaviour will lead to bad reputations of the victims. 诬蔑，诽谤，中伤
4.Two thirds of the region has been deforested in the past decade，which puts the animals there in danger. 砍掉（某地的）树林
5.He was fined for defacing library books， which made his parents angry. 损伤……的外观 Unit 4 Meeting the muse
Florentijn Hofman is a Dutch artist.Hofman’s inspiration for FloatingFish was brought out by Chinese folk tales.What he saw in Wuzhen set his idea for FloatingFishin motion， giving him innovative ideas for his animal sculptures.Tan Dun is most widely known forcomposing music for the film CrouchingTiger，HiddenDragon and the 2008 Beijing Olympics.In contrast，YangLipinghasbeenknownasthe"Peacock Princess".The inspiration for her famous ethnic dances has come from her stay in Xishuangbanna， Yunnan Province.
1 composevt.&vi.作（曲） vt.组成（make up）；撰写；使镇静
1.[北师必修③－7]He is regarded as one of the greatest composers （compose） in the history of music.
点拨
注意空处除了要使用名词形式外，因空前有one of，还要单数变复数。
2.这个关于心理学的讲座由三部分组成。
→①Three parts compose/make up the lecture on psychology.
→②The lecture on psychology is composed of/consists of/is made up of/is comprised of three parts.
点拨
表示"由……组成"的其他常见表达还有consist of，be made up of，be comprised of。注意consist of直接以主动形式表示"由……组成"。
3.她终于停止哭泣，安静了下来。（读后续写之情绪描写）
She finally stopped crying and composed herself. （compose）
★be composed of…（＝consist of/be made up of/be comprised of…）由……组成
★composition n.成分；作品；作曲；作文
composer n.作曲家
★compose oneself使自己镇定下来
2 contrastn.反差，对比，明显的差异 vt.对照，对比 vi.形成对比
1.There is an obvious contrast between the cultures of East and West.
2.It is interesting to contrast the British legal system with/and the American one.
3.Not many people have a golf-course-sized backyard， and tennis equipment is expensive. Basketball， by/in contrast， just needs a wall with a hoop and a ball.
4.The company lost $7 million this quarter in contrast to a profit of $6.2 million a year earlier.
5.他是一位老农，他灰白色的头发与黝黑的皮肤形成了鲜明的对比。 （外貌描写）
→①He is an old farmer， whose grey hair makes a sharp contrast
with his dark skin.（contrast n.）
→②He is an old farmer， whose grey hair contrasts sharply with his dark skin.（contrast v.）
★contrast A with/and B对比A和B
contrast with…与……形成对比
★contrast between A and B A和B之间的差异
make a contrast with…与……形成对比
in contrast to…与……形成对比
by/in contrast 相比之下
3 bringout激发；使显现，使表现出；使显出，阐明；生产，出版
1.结合语境写出下列句子中画线部分的含义
①By looking for the best in others， you’ll indirectly bring out the best in yourself.
使显现，使表现出
②The experienced teacher is trying a new approach to bringing out the meaning of the passage.
阐明
③They are to bring out a new edition of the dictionary this month. 出版
2.bring out bring in give out break out point out
①When the fire broke out ， the firefighters and the police were soon on the spot.
②Forty percent of the students point out that sophomores（高二学生） have a lot more homework to do every day.
③Difficult conditions will bring out a man’s best qualities.
④Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs（挥发性有机物） when being attacked.
⑤In college I had a parttime job， which brought in about 1，000 yuan a month.
⑥If not handled properly， body language varying from culture to culture tends to bring about misunderstanding.
(
★
bring in
赚得，挣；引入，提出（新法案）
bring
about
导致；引起
bring
up
抚养；提出（讨论等）；呕吐
★
come
out
出现；出版；开花
break
out
（战争、打斗等不愉快事件）突然开始，爆发
g
ive out
分发；放出（热、光等）
hand out
分发
point
out
指出
)
4 time/moment/day等表示时间的名词后接的定语从句
1.The exact year which/that Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.
2.The autumn equinox（秋分） and the spring equinox（春分） are the only two days of a year when a person standing on the equator（赤道） can see the sun passing directly overhead.
3.He will never forget the time that/which is very precious to him.
4.人们仅需靠体力（便可）谋生的日子一去不复返了。
The days are gone when physical strength was all people needed to make a living .
5.我会一直记得我们一同工作的日子和一起度过的快乐时光。 （感谢信）
I’ll always remember the days when/in which we worked together and the happy time （which/that） we spent together .
★当表示时间的名词如time， day， year， moment等用作定语从句的先行词时，若关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，则用关系代词which/that（作宾语时可以省略）；若关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，则用关系副词when或on/in/at/during which等（介词根据先行词与介词的搭配来确定）。
5 表示抽象地点的名词后接的定语从句
1.Sales Director is a position where/in which communication ability is just as important as sales techniques.（招聘启事）
2.Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity where/in which sight matters more than hearing.
3.This was without doubt the most interesting situation that Amanda had ever found herself in.
点拨
定语从句中先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时，关系代词只能用that不用which。
4.Experts advise wearing white or beige（米黄色） for a job where/in which everyone else wears loud（花哨的）colours.
点拨
表示抽象地点的名词后接定语从句时，如果关系词在从句中不作状语，而是作宾语或主语等，则不能用where，而要用that/which。如下示例先行词相同，但关系词却不同：
①According to Wu Guanzhong， his goal as an artist was to combine Western principles of art with Chinese spirit， and his passion is to seek a point where the two could meet.
②He referred to a very important point that/which you all need pay attention to while learning English.
★当定语从句的先行词为表示抽象地点的名词，如point， situation， occasion， case， stage， conditions， scene， activity， atmosphere， position， job， spot等，且关系词在从句中作状语时，需用关系副词where或"介词＋关系代词"引导定语从句。
6 notonly...butalso...不仅……而且……
1.This activity not only helps them gain more skills， but teaches （teach） them to care about others. （活动介绍）
2.Not only the kid but also his parents were invited （invite） to the little girl’s birthday party yesterday.
3.I helped others， and also gained a sense of achievement. （读后续写之主旨升华）
→ Not only did I help others， but （also） I gained a sense of achievement. （倒装）
★主谓一致：not only...but also...连接并列结构作主语时，谓语动词要根据but also 后的名词或代词决定其单复数（就近原则）。
★倒装：not only 位于句首时，not only后面的句子要用部分倒装，but also后的句子不倒装。
★注意：该结构中，可以省略but或also，也可以把but和also都省略。Unit 3 Faster， higher， stronger
Levi had a variety of hobbies including yoga，roller skating and swimming. Following in his brother’s footsteps， Levi joined the school volleyballassociation. He seized every opportunity to sharpen his skills and his effortspaid off eventually. He made remarkable progress. Last month， in the quarter-final of the Trans-campus Volleyball Tournament， his team was assignedto play against a strong opponent but he and his teammates finally defeated them and won the championship at last， which was beyond their expectations. They were described as warriors by the headmaster， who said in his speech "It’s your teamwork and steely nerve that helped you win the first volleyball prize for our school， and I hope youcarry onmaking progress and therefore more achievements."
1 associationn. 协会，社团；关联
1.[北师必修③－9]A closer look at the reading tests， shows the interesting fact that girls are outperforming boys in reading and that this is associated （associate） with girls’ greater enjoyment of reading.
点拨
（1）本句中两个that均引导同位语从句，解释说明the interesting fact的具体内容。空前的this指的是第一个that引导的从句所说的内容。
（2）注意本句中的outperforming。outperform为复合动词，表示"胜过，超过"。2021年全国乙卷的阅读理解中也出现了该词：...however， the participants in the 70 decibels group — those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop — significantly outperformed the other groups.
2.We are working in association （associate） with a number of local companies to raise money for the homeless.
3.下周六我们班将联合其他班级组织一次中国文化展。 （文化意识）
→①We’re going to organize an exhibition on Chinese culture next Saturday in association with other classes .（association）
→②We’re going to organize an exhibition associated with Chinese
culture next Saturday together with other classes. （associate）
★in association with...与……合作，与……联合
★associate vt.联想，联系
associate...with... 把……和……联系起来
be associated with...和……有关联
2 expectationn. 预料，预期，期待；指望；希望，盼望
1.There was an air of expectation （expect） and great curiosity when we entered the Science Museum.
2.Applicants are expected to have （have） good command of at least two languages.（招聘启事）
3.The news came， as expected （expect）， that my cousin was chosen to be a foreign aid doctor to go to Africa.
点拨
as expected意为"不出所料"，是状语从句as it was expected的省略形式。
4.我很珍惜这次机会，并保证不会辜负你们的期望。（申请信） I really cherish this opportunity and assure you that I can meet/live up to your expectations .
5.出乎他们意料的是，他们最终到达了一个出售饮料和其他小物品的地方。
What was beyond their expectations was that they finally reached a place which sold drinks and other small articles. （主语从句）
★beyond one’s expectations 超出某人的预期
meet/live up to one’s expectations 不辜负某人的期望，达到某人的期望
★expect vt.预期；期待；指望
expect （sb.） to do sth. 期待/指望（某人）做某事
★as expected不出所料，正如预期的那样
3 assignvt.分配，分派；指定，指派；派遣；确定（时间、地点）
1.I was originally assigned to help （help） with the delivering of the earthquake relief（救济物资）， but I arrived late and had to wait for other tasks.
2.Upon graduation， she was assigned to the position of accountant of the company.
3.As countless unmade beds and unfinished homework assignments （assign） prove， kids need rules.
★assign sb.to do sth.指派某人做某事
assign sth. to sb./assign sb. sth. 将某物分配给某人
be assigned to...被分配给……；被派遣到……
★assignment n. （分派的）工作，任务；（工作等的）分派，布置
4 carryon继续做，坚持干（keep，continue，goon，stickto）
1.Lacking sufficient oxygen， the astronaut could not carry on with the mission.
2.During the roughly 80day journey， the expedition team will have about 40 days to carry out scientific research （进行科学研究）.
3.是你们的陪伴和支持让我度过了那段艰难的时光。 （感谢信）
It was your accompany and support that carried me through the tough times. （强调句型）
4.非常抱歉告诉你我无法继续帮你学习中文了。 （道歉信）
I’m extremely sorry to tell you that I’m unable to carry on helping you learn Chinese.
★carry on with/doing sth.继续做某事
carry sth. on继续某事
★carry out 履行，实施，执行
carry sb. through （sth.）帮助某人渡过难关
5 payoff取得成功，奏效，达到目的；付清，偿清；付清工资后解雇，遣散
1.结合语境写出下列句子中画线部分的含义
①They kept trying， and their efforts finally paid off； they got enough money to pay off their debt.
达到目的 ； 付清，偿清
②The crew were paid off as soon as the ship docked. 付清工资后解雇
2.People who receive kindness are likely to pay it back to the giver.
3.[外研选必④－4]Noncash payment is the best way to go ... I pay for everything with my smartphone.
4.I’ll pay him back for making me look like a fool in front of everyone.
★pay sb. back （sth.）/pay sth. back （to sb.）（向某人）还钱/情
pay sb. back （for sth.）（因某事）报复/惩罚某人
pay for ... 为……付款；为……付出代价
6 too＋adj./adv.＋to do sth.太……而不能做某事
1.[外研必修①－1]"Nice to know we share the same name，" said my new teacher.I had been too nervous to pay （pay） attention when he introduced himself！
2.He isn’t mature enough to know how to act and talk on such occasions.
→He is too young to know how to act and talk on such occasions. （too...to...）
3.如果有幸能得到你的指导，那真是再好不过了。 （求助信）
It can’t be too good if I can have the honour of getting your instruction. （can’t be too ...）
★有时too后为表达人的态度、情绪倾向的形容词（如nervous， anxious， eager，glad，willing等），动词不定式表示肯定意义，此时too意为"非常"。
★can never/can’t be too...再……也不为过Unit 2 Onwards and upwards
Confident teenagershavesomethingin common. They are more likely to be appreciative and enthusiastic. Wheninformed that the outcome of a contest isn’t delightful， confident teenagers will not get embarrassed orupset. They see the failure worthwhileand learn from it. Then they will try harder withdelight toguaranteesuccess next time. Nevertheless， teenagers who lack confidence rarely expect to succeed or persevere with things they try. Therefore， it is a blessing to be confident for teenagers.
1 informvt.通知，告知；了解，熟悉
1.Please inform us of/about any changes of your address in case we lose touch with you. （书信）
2.He’s been informed that he doesn’t qualify for the scholarship because of his academic background.
3.我习惯于每天早上阅读《中国日报》，因为它可以让我即时了解国内外的时事。
I am used to reading ChinaDaily every morning， as it can keep me informed of the current events both at home and abroad .
点拨
"v.＋sb. of sth."的结构还有：
remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事；warn sb. of sth.提醒/警告某人某事；convince sb. of sth.使某人相信某事；suspect sb. of sth.怀疑某人某事；persuade sb. of sth.使某人相信某事。
★inform sb. of/about sth. /inform sb. that...告知某人某事
★informed adj.有学问的，有见识的
keep sb. informed （of ...）使某人随时了解（……）
well-informed adj. 见多识广的，知识渊博的
★information n. 信息，消息，资料
2 guaranteevt.（guaranteed， guaranteed， guaranteeing）保证；确保；肯定……必然发生n.保证；保修单；担保物
1.We guarantee to make （make） more investments only if you can achieve a major breakthrough in your new product in particular.
2.If there is something wrong with the cellphones while they are still under guarantee， we will repair them free of charge.
3.[译林选必①－2]Why don’t you try to listen to some great country music？ I guarantee you’ll enjoy it （我保证你会喜欢的）！
★guarantee sb. sth.向某人保证某事
guarantee to do sth.保证做某事
guarantee that... 保证……/肯定……必然发生
★under guarantee 在保修期内
give sb. a guarantee向某人保证
3 delightn. 使人高兴的事；愉快 vt.使愉快
1.[外研必修③－2]He also saw hundreds of delighted （delight） students who had turned out to welcome him.
2.[外研选必④－1]I would be delighted to have （have） the opportunity to discuss my application further with you.
3.She won the game easily， to the delight of all her fans.
4.He took an almost gleeful delight in showing （show） how wrong they could be.
5.Andrew roared with/in delight when he saw his father waiting for him at the school gate.（读后续写之情绪描写）
6.令我高兴的是，我被邀请到贵校演讲。 （演讲稿）
→① What delights me is that I have been invited to your school to deliver a speech.（主语从句， delight v.）
→② To my delight ， I have been invited to your school to deliver a speech. （delight n.）
★to one’s delight （＝to the delight of sb.）使某人高兴的是
take （a） delight in （doing） ...以（做）……为乐
with/in delight 高兴地
★delighted adj. 高兴的，愉快的
be delighted to do sth. 乐意/很高兴做某事
be delighted at/by/with...对……感到高兴
★delightful adj. 使人高兴的，令人愉快的
4 worthwhileadj.重要的；值得做的
1.[译林选必②－1]Another aspect worthy of mention is that journalists may approach information they get from research or interviews differently.
点拨
mention在此作名词，意为"提及，说起"。be worthy of mention意为"值得一提"。
2.[外研选必①－4]Indeed the exhibition is worth visiting （visit）， despite the overpriced tickets.
→①Indeed it is worthwhile visiting/to visit （visit） the exhibition， despite the overpriced tickets.
→②Indeed the exhibition is worthy of a visit/to be visited ， despite the overpriced tickets.（visit n.）
★make sth. worthwhile 使某事值得
It is worthwhile to do/doing sth. 做某事是值得的。
★be（well） worth （doing） ... （很）值得（做）……
★be worthy of ... ＝be worthy to be done值得（或应得）……的
5 upsetadj. 心烦意乱的，烦恼的 vt.（upset，upset）使烦恼，使生气；搅乱
1.Don’t get upset about it — let’s just forget it ever happened.
2.It upset me to know （know） that there was only ￥500 in my account.
3.I am upset that you have fallen into the habit of staying up late. （建议信）
→① It upsets me that you have fallen into the habit of staying up late. （it作形式主语）
→② What upsets me is that you have fallen into the habit of staying up late. （what引导主语从句）
★be/get upset about... 为……心烦意乱/难过
★It upsets sb. to do sth.做某事让某人心烦意乱。
It upsets sb. that...让某人心烦意乱的是……
6 have...incommon相同；有相同的特征
1.[人教必修③－1]And if you study festivals carefully，you may be surprised to find that different cultures actually have a lot in common after all.
2.The two boys have something in common with each other in appearance， but they are a far cry from each other in hobbies.
3.无论大小，我们所有的选择都有一个共同点，那就是它们都会导致特定的后果。
Whether big or small， what all our choices have in common is that they lead to specific consequences. （主语从句）
★have sth. in common with...in... 与……在……方面有共同点
★common adj. 常见的，普遍的；共有的
common sense常识
common practice惯例，常规做法
7 "only＋状语（从句）"位于句首引起的倒装
1.只有增加50％的医生，病人才能在医院得到更好的治疗。
Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent can patients be better treated in the hospital .
2.只有来到中国，你才能体验到地道的中国美食。 （欢迎致辞）
Only when you come to China can you experience real Chinese food.
3.只有我们的父母才能给我们提供无私的帮助与支持，请珍惜他们吧！
Only our parents can provide us with selfless help and support .Please cherish them！
点拨
该句中Only虽然在句首，但是修饰的是主语our parents，而不是状语（从句），所以该句不倒装。
★部分倒装：将be动词、助动词或情态动词提到主语的前面。
★only修饰的是状语从句且置于句首时，要记住主句倒装，从句不倒装。
★only修饰主语时，不用倒装结构。
词根-form-
本单元：in（使，向内）＋form（形成）→使形成信息→inform vt.告知，通知
拓展：
从[构词示例]中选择适当的单词，并用其正确形式填空。
1.[外研必修②－2]Traditionally， people send written invitations for formal events such as weddings. Similarly， these invitations are answered in writing.
2.[2023全国乙] Born to a Jewish family in Florence， she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery.
点拨
perform常用到的意思是 "表演"；本句中perform意为 "做，履行，执行"。perform an operation意为"做手术"。perform还可以表示 "工作，运转（好/不好）" 。如：The engine seems to be performing well. 发动机似乎运转正常。
3.[外研选必②－3]More than 40 years ago， China began to implement（实施） the reform and openingup policy， starting out on a journey that would pave the way for China to become a fullymodernised socialist country.
4.[2020浙江] New power machinery and artificial fertilizers（化肥） have now totally transformed a way of life that started in the Stone Age.
5.The project leader needs to be fully informed so he can make a rational（明智的） decision.Unit 1 Laugh out loud
One day， I was in a bad mood. To cheer me up， my best friend whispered in my ear， "Why not go to the amusement park near a beautiful tourist spot？" There we watched the performance given by a circus clown， who wore a curly wig and a badge reading "Employer". His brand of humour and his witty interaction with the audience did the trick. I cracked a smile and my negative emotions disappeared immediately. The experience impressed me deeply. To conclude， the amusement park really deserved a visit and I came to realize that laughter is really essential in our everyday life.
1 amusementn.娱乐，消遣；消遣活动
1.There was a range of fairground（露天游乐场） amusements （amuse）， including a carousel（旋转木马）， a roller coaster and a Ferris wheel（摩天轮）.
2.He stopped and watched the child play with/in amusement.
3.Playing with water can keep children amused （amuse） for a whole afternoon.
4.给他们一个篮球，他们可以自娱自乐几个小时。
Give them a basketball， and they can amuse themselves for several hours .（amuse）
5.小丑的表演太有趣了，所有的学生都笑了起来。 （读后续写之情绪描写）
So amusing was the clown’s performance that all the students burst into laughter. （so...that...倒装句）
点拨
在"so＋adj....＋that从句"结构中，当so与形容词置于句首时，主句需要用部分倒装结构，即将助动词或系动词置于主语之前。
★to one’s amusement让某人感到好笑的是
with/in amusement愉悦地
★amuse vt.逗乐；使娱乐
amuse oneself自娱自乐
★amusing adj.逗人笑的，好笑的
★amused adj.被逗乐的，觉得好笑的
be amused at/by sth.被某事逗乐，觉得某事好笑
2 deservevt.应得，应受到，值得
1.The Weasley family devote much time and funds to a deserving （deserve） cause — teaching deaf kids skills to earn a living.
2.无论一份工作多么普通，它都值得我们的尊重，因为每一份工作都在社会中发挥着作用。 （读后续写之主旨升华）
However/No matter how ordinary a job is， it deserves our respect ， because every job plays a part in society.
3.知道你要去中国旅游，我列了一些值得参观的景点。 （推荐信）
→①Knowing that you are going to travel in China， I have made a list of attractions that/which deserves visiting/to be visited . （定语从句，visit v.）
→②Knowing that you are going to travel in China， I have made a list of attractions deserving a visit . （分词短语作定语，visit n.）
点拨
deserve 后接doing，用主动形式表示被动意义，等于后接不定式的被动式。有相同用法的动词还有：need，want，require等。
★deserve to do sth. 值得/应该做某事
deserve doing/deserve to be done 值得/应当被做
deserve it （口语）活该，自作自受
★deserving adj. 值得的；值得帮助的
3 spotn.地点，处所；斑点；污迹；一点 vt.（spotted， spotted， spotting）看见，注意到，发现
1.Neighbours spotted smoke coming （come） out of the house.
2.The police were called and they were on the spot within three minutes.
3.The climate here is mild and pleasant， making it one of the most popular tourist/scenic spots （使它成为最受欢迎的旅游景点之一）.（现在分词作状语） （景点介绍）
4.We lay on the grass， staring at the night sky spotted with （凝望着布满……的夜空） twinkling stars. （夜景描写）
★on the spot当场；在现场
put sb. on the spot使某人难堪
tourist/scenic spots旅游景点
★spot sth./sb. doing sth.看到某物/某人正在做某事
★spotted adj.有斑点的
be spotted with...满是……斑点
4 concludevt.&vi. 结束，终止 vt.推断出，得出结论
1.If the climate gets drier， then the logical conclusion （conclude） is that more droughts will occur.
2.He concluded from their remarks that they were not in favour of the plan.
3.So I conclude或come to/arrive at/reach/draw the conclusion （得出结论） that if you want a great career， you need to commit yourself to something meaningful. （建议信）
4.总之，在通往成功的道路上，一个人需要有耐心和毅力。 （读后续写之主旨升华）
In conclusion ， one should bring his patience and perseverance on the way to success.
点拨
conclusion/conclude常出现在科研类或科普类说明文中，用于总结研究发现或观点。如：
[2022北京]Crystal knew that visions alone don’t produce results， but concluded that "we’ll never produce results that we can’t envision".
[2020北京]In conclusion， positive thinking is a powerful and effective tool for dealing with hard times and improving the quality of one’s life.
★conclude sth.（from sth.）（从……）推断出/断定……
to conclude总之，最后
★conclusion n. 结论，推论
in conclusion 最后，总而言之
come to/arrive at/reach/draw a conclusion得出结论
jump to conclusions匆忙下结论
bring... to a conclusion使……结束
5 keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语
1.During the harvest， farmers usually keep the machines running （run） day and night.
2.Having grown up with animals in his father’s zoo when he was young， Pi knows how to keep them under control （如何控制它们）.（keep＋pron.＋介词短语）
3.I wanted to keep the birthday present secret （对生日礼物保密）but she still knew it.（keep＋名词短语＋形容词）
4.药物要放在孩子够不着的地方，这就是他总是把药放在最上面的抽屉里的原因。
Medicine should be kept out of children’s reach/the reach of children ， which is why he always puts it in the top drawer. （keep＋n.＋介词短语，被动语态）
5.全世界的人们都通过互联网即时了解正在发生的事情。
People all over the world keep themselves aware of what is happening immediately by means of the Internet. （keep＋pron.＋形容词短语）
★keep＋n./pron.＋形容词/副词/介词短语
keep＋n./pron.＋现在分词（表示主动或状态的持续）
keep＋n./pron.＋过去分词（表示被动或状态的持续）
