Unit 6 Nature in words
一、阅读理解
A
[2024云南曲靖开学考] I really enjoy autumn’s display of golden leaves， but as a bird lover in the UK， the real thrill at this time of year is the arrival of migratory birds （候鸟） from Iceland， Siberia and Canada.
The UK is lucky — in winter； we get a wide variety of birds heading here to escape tough conditions further north. And in summer， we are visited by birds from Africa such as swallows and cuckoos （杜鹃） that make the most of our long， light days for having their young. While the long flights are undoubtedly impressive， there are some species that fly considerably further， spending much of their lives at the extreme ends of Earth.
The Arctic tern （北极燕鸥） has the world’s longest migration： a round-trip of 35，000 kilometers annually. Arctic terns break up their long journeys though， so if you are looking for the world’s longest non-stop flyer， that record is held by the bar-tailed godwit （斑尾塍鹬）.
So why do birds migrate？ It makes sense to head somewhere warmer for winter， but it can be hard to explain why some African species then return to Europe for summer when food is still plentiful in their wintering grounds. It could be because there is less competition here， or because our longer， cooler days are useful. Some trips are even harder to explain. For example， the ancient murrelet （海雀） flies almost 8，000 kilometers from Canada to China， despite very similar conditions.
Although there is still much we don’t know， we do know that our changing climate is making birds lose the benefits of such long journeys. Arctic terns survive on sand eels （沙鳗） when they arrive in the Shetland Islands. In 2004， the UK saw a sudden drop in sand eels due to climate change. The shetland Islands usually hosts more than 20，000 pairs of Arctic terns， but didn’t see a single chick survive to adulthood that summer. I have so much admiration for the world’s furthest fliers， and I just hope they can cling on and that we can come to fully understand them.
本文是说明文。候鸟随季节变化而迁徙的原因各不相同，有些原因人类至今也没有弄清楚。
1.Why do some birds travel to the UK from Africa in summer？
A. To search for more food.
B. To escape the heat in Africa.
C. To enjoy the warmth in the UK.
D. To take advantage of the longer days.
解析 D 细节理解题。由第二段中的"And in summer， we are visited by birds from Africa such as swallows and cuckoos （杜鹃） that make the most of our long， light days for having their young"以及第四段中的"It could be because there is less competition here， or because our longer， cooler days are useful"可知，有些鸟在夏天从非洲迁徙到英国是因为英国的日照时间更长，故选D项。
2.Which bird flies the longest non-stop in the world？
A. The Arctic tern. B. The swallow.
C. The bar-tailed godwit. D. The ancient murrelet.
解析 C 细节理解题。由第三段中的"Arctic terns break up their long journeys though， so if you are looking for the world’s longest non-stop flyer， that record is held by the bar-tailed godwit （斑尾塍鹬）"可知，世界上不间断飞行时间最长的鸟是斑尾塍鹬，故选C项。
3.What does the author think of the ancient murrelet’s trip from Canada to China？
A. Puzzling. B. Relaxing.
C. Impressive. D. Unnecessary.
解析 A 推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的"Some trips are even harder to explain. For example， the ancient murrelet （海雀） flies almost 8，000 kilometers from Canada to China ， despite very similar conditions"可知，本题选A项。
4.What is the last paragraph mainly about？
A. The author’s admiration and pity for Arctic terns.
B. The impact of climate change on migratory birds.
C. What people should do to protect migratory birds.
D. How Arctic terns find food during their migration.
解析 B 段落大意题。由最后一段中的"Although there is still much we don’t know， we do know that our changing climate is making birds lose the benefits of such long journeys"以及所举的北极燕鸥的例子可知，本段旨在说明气候变化对迁徙的候鸟造成的影响，故选B项。
B
[2024江苏10月大联考]Elon Musk has offered a prize of $100m for the best carbon capture proposal. I can save his committee a lot of time. The money should go to Peter Wohlleben， whose book TheHiddenLifeofTrees was the most encouraging blockbuster （一鸣惊人的事物） of 2015.Wohlleben’s idea is this： do nothing about trees. Stop fiddling （乱作为） with them， thinking that we can deal with climate change better than nature. If we fiddle， our Romes will burn.
TheHiddenLifeofTrees argued that trees are social. It shows that they can be our saviours. But it’s terribly hard to let ourselves be saved. We think we can be the authors of our salvation （拯救）. Of course， there are things we could and should be doing， but in terms of forestry practice， often what’s billed as part of the solution is part of the problem.
Anyone who has planted a tree in their garden knows that it has a far-reaching effect — it makes your garden cooler in summer and warmer in winter. Forests cool by transpiring （蒸发）. If there’s no water， there’s no cooling. Drought can kill trees fast， but trees have many ways of dealing with it， and Wohlleben sets them out. As a species， we have survived many climatic changes by changing our behaviour— and that’s how trees survive， too. Trees learn from their past harms and produce younger ones programmed with those lessons. Mother trees regulate their children’s growth by changing the rate at which they drip-feed them with sugar solution through root networks.
Deciduous （落叶的） forests in particular remove greenhouse gases effectively as long as they live. Cut them down and burn them and you’re releasing carbon dioxide not just from the wood， but also from the forest floor. Deciduous trees are not "harvest-ready" at 200 years： They are teenagers. We must interrogate comforting expressions such as "renewable energy"， and learn the real cost of our toilet paper.
If we don’t learn to do nothing about trees， they will eventually be alone anyway — but without us. Wohlleben brilliantly and readably shows us how urgent and how hard it is to do nothing.
本文是一篇书评。作者评论了Peter Wohlleben的书《树的秘密生活》。
1.What does Wohlleben suggest for carbon capture？
A. Fighting climate change.
B. Leaving trees alone.
C. Saving the earth.
D. Changing forestry species.
解析 B 细节理解题。由第一段中的"Elon Musk has offered a prize of $100m for the best carbon capture proposal" "The money should go to Peter Wohlleben"和"Wohlleben’s idea is this：do nothing about trees"可知，本题选B。
2.How do trees survive the drought？
A. They slow their growth.
B. They lose all their leaves.
C. They stop absorbing water.
D. They get help from humans.
解析 A 细节理解题。由第三段中的"As a species， we have survived many climatic changes by changing our behaviour— and that’s how trees survive， too"和"Mother trees regulate their children’s growth by changing the rate at which they drip-feed them with sugar solution through root networks"可知，本题选A。
3.What does the underlined word "interrogate" in paragraph 4 mean？
A. Understand. B. Question.
C. Translate. D. Accept.
解析 B 词义猜测题。由"Deciduous trees are not ‘harvest-ready’ at 200 years： They are teenagers"可知，200岁的落叶树还不能砍伐，由此推断画线词所在句句意为：我们必须质疑"可再生能源"之类的安慰话语，并了解卫生纸的真正成本，画线词应与B项意思相近，故选B。
4.What is the text？
A. A book review.
B. A science report.
C. An introduction to a writer.
D. A proposal for a reward.
解析 A 推理判断题。由第一段中的"The money should go to Peter Wohlleben， whose book TheHiddenLifeofTrees was the most encouraging blockbuster （一鸣惊人的事物） of 2015"、第二段中的"TheHiddenLifeofTrees argued that trees are social. It shows that they can be our saviours"以及下文内容可知，本文评论了Peter Wohlleben的书《树的秘密生活》，应是一篇书评，故选A。
二、完形填空
[2023江苏盐城期中]"Mountains are always smaller in your imagination than they are in real life，" someone wise said. And the quote sprang to mind as I stared up at the snowy 1 Pen y Fan， the highest one in South Wales. I was to take part in the Fan Dance， the world’s oldest Special Forces test.
My general feeling about the event was that it would be tough，but good strength 2 for my running. I felt pretty 3 within the first kilometre and I was surprised how easy it felt so far. Kilometre two 4 me trudging （跋涉） through snow and ice， but spirits still remained high as I chatted to fellow 5 around me.
Gradually， however， the climbing became extremely 6 . The snow was 7 by a thick fog and winds so strong that I could hardly stand on my feet. The wind kept 8 me backwards and sideways， and each step seemed to require all the energy I had. I was about to quit when someone appeared out of 9 ."You’re doing really well！ Keep going！" he shouted 10 the wind. I felt a sudden burst of 11 and I crazily pulled myself to the finish line.
We’d been moving for hours and were 12 the finish line. The well-being of my body came second to my burning desire to get to that finish line.
I was expecting to feel relieved and joyful when I finally succeeded， 13 instead I felt a mixture of tiredness and confusion. I 14 on the idea that while mountains are smaller in your imagination than they are in real life， your ability to suffer is also bigger in real life. In fact， I 15 over more than just a mountain at the Fan Dance.
本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者经过艰难的跋涉最终登上峰顶，理解了"想象中的山总是比现实中的小"这句话的哲理。
1. A. peak B. cave
C. valley D. hillside
解析 A 结合the highest one和前面的Mountains可知，本题选A。peak山峰，cave洞穴，valley山谷，hillside山坡。
2.A. looked B. worked
C. applied D. called
解析 B 由"My general feeling about the event was that it would be tough， but good strength"及常识可知，良好的体力对作者的跑步很有帮助，故选B。look for寻找，work for为……效力，apply for申请，call for需要。
3.A. shocked B. depressed
C. moved D. relaxed
解析 D 由"I was surprised how easy it felt so far"可知，作者感到很轻松，故选D。shocked震惊的，depressed沮丧的，moved感动的，relaxed轻松的。
4.A. saw B. kept
C. found D. caught
解析 A 句意：第二公里的时候，我在冰雪中艰难跋涉，但当我和周围的其他参赛者聊天时，我的情绪仍然很高。第二公里见证了作者在冰雪中艰难跋涉，故选A。
5.A. colleagues B. admirers
C. participants D. assistants
解析 C 参见上题解析。colleague同事，admirer崇拜者，participant参与者，assistant助理。
6.A. encouraging B. exciting
C. energy-consuming D. time-wasting
解析 C 由常识可知，爬山是消耗体力和能量的，故选C。encouraging鼓舞人心的，exciting令人兴奋的，energy-consuming消耗能量的，time-wasting浪费时间的。
7.A. blocked B. warmed
C. wrapped D. accompanied
解析 D 句意：除了大雪，还有浓雾和强风，风吹得我几乎站不住了。block阻止，warm使暖和，wrap包裹，accompany伴随。故选D。
8.A. guiding B. holding
C. blowing D. chasing
解析 C 句意：风不停地把我吹向后面和旁边，每走一步似乎都需要我所有的能量。guide指导，hold支撑……的重量，blow吹，chase追逐。故选C。
9.A. nowhere B. place
C. sight D. mind
解析 A 句意：我正准备放弃，突然有个人不知从哪里冒了出来。nowhere不知哪里，place地方，sight视野，mind头脑。A项符合语境。
10.A. over B. upon
C. into D. across
解析 C 句意："你做得真不错！继续前进！ "他对着风喊道。shout into意为"对着……大喊"，这里指对着风大喊。
11.A. fear B. hope
C. panic D. anger
解析 B 句意：我突然感到一阵希望涌来，我疯狂地把自己"拉向"终点线。故选B。
12.A. approaching B. escaping
C. crossing D. extending
解析 A 由"The well-being of my body came second to my burning desire to get to that finish line"可知，此处指接近终点线，故选A。approach接近， escape逃跑， cross穿越， extend延长。
13.A. while B. since
C. so D. but
解析 D 结合instead可知，所填词表示转折关系，故应用连词but。
14.A. focused B. reflected
C. depended D. carried
解析 B 句意：我思考了这样一个想法：虽然你想象中的山比现实中的小，但你在现实生活中承受痛苦的能力也更大。focus on关注，reflect on深思， depend on依靠， carry on继续。故选B。
15.A. took B. rode
C. turned D. climbed
解析 D 句意：事实上，在Fan Dance中，我爬过的不仅仅是一座山。故选D。
三、语法填空
[2023河北衡水二中三模]Mount Tai， a typical representative of the famous Chinese mountains， is a mountain with 1 long history and a special historic status. In 1982， Mount Tai was designated as one of the first group of National Parks of China and it 2 （list） formally in the directory of the World Natural and Cultural Heritage in 1987.It is now a precious heritage of human beings.
Mount Tai，3 （locate） in the east of North China Plain and the middle of Shandong Province， is known to the world for its splendid scenery. Standing out among the Shandong Hills， it is of great 4 （significant）. The south of Mount Tai is 5 （high） than the north. In Mount Tai， the transportation is convenient with the Jinghu railway 6 （pass） by in the west. The distance 7 Mount Tai and Qufu City is about 80 kilometers. Many roads and railways meet in Tai’an City，8 just lies in the south of Mount Tai.
As a mountainous9 （scene） spot， Mount Tai has a high value in terms of aesthetics （美学） and science， especially the aesthetic value， which 10 （be） the foundation for Mount Tai to become a famous mountain in the history and an unparalleled heritage today.
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国名山的典型代表泰山。
1.a 考查冠词。所填词修饰单数可数名词，表示泛指，应用不定冠词，且long的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。
2.waslisted 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。所填词作谓语。由时间状语"in 1987"可知，此处用一般过去时；主语为it，和动词list之间为被动关系，故填was listed。
3.located 考查非谓语动词。此处非谓语动词短语作后置定语，修饰Mount Tai。动词locate和"Mount Tai"之间为被动关系，且非谓语表示状态，故用过去分词located。
4.significance 考查名词。be of significance等同于be significant，意为"重要"。
5.higher 考查形容词的级。由空后的than可知，空处应用形容词比较级来作表语，故填higher。
6.passing 考查非谓语动词。此处应用非谓语动词短语作宾语补足语。pass与the Jinghu railway之间为主动关系，且此处表示伴随状况，故用现在分词形式passing。
7.between 考查介词。表示两者之间用介词between。
8.which 考查定语从句。所填词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为"Tai’an City"，故用关系代词which。
9.scenic 考查形容词。分析句子成分可知，空处所填词作定语，故用形容词。scenic spot意为"景点"。
10.is 考查时态和主谓一致。由上下文可知，此处应用一般现在时表示客观情况，主语which表示单数意义，故填is。Unit 5 Learning from nature
一、阅读理解
A
[2023贵州贵阳摸底] Dandelion （蒲公英） seeds can travel for miles before finally floating down and settling somewhere new. Researchers recently discovered how the plants decide to spread. "We noticed that the dandelion parachute （降落伞） is closed in foggy mornings but then open again when the sun is up during the day，" according to Naomi Nakayama， a researcher of bioengineering. "The dandelion uses a bunch of hairs to improve air drag and aid its flight. Unlike insects or birds， they don’t need any energy input to fly a long distance — even hundreds of kilometers — they simply catch the wind."
Researchers discovered the parachutes open and close using what they say is like an actuator （触动器）， a device that changes energy and signals into movement. But this actuator doesn’t use any energy. The middle of the dandelion’s parachute is able to sense the amount of humidity （湿度） by absorbing water molecules （分子） in the air. Using signals about humidity information， they either open their parachutes and fly off or they close them and stay where they are.
"The center of the parachute changes its shape， moving the hairs altogether in unison（一起），" Nakayama says. "It’s basically a sponge made of no-longer living plant cells， which are arranged in a tube empty inside. The inner side and the outer side swell with water to different degrees， and that drives the movement."
Knowing what causes dandelions to spread their seeds could help scientists learn how they deal with climate change. They say understanding the response could help researchers design new soft robots， which are those made from flexible materials that imitate soft bodies. "How plants move their body parts are different from animals and a simple， localized expansion could be enough to move arms，" Nakayama says. "Movement of a few arms has been achieved， but this is the first of many arm actuators. It is simple in design， so there is a lot of space for biomimicry （仿生学）."
本文主要介绍了蒲公英种子传播的原理以及该原理对仿生学的帮助。
1.What makes the dandelion fly？
A. Energy. B. Wind.
C. Fog. D. Parachute.
解析 B 细节理解题。由常识和第一段中的"Unlike insects or birds， they don’t need any energy input to fly a long distance — even hundreds of kilometers —they simply catch the wind"可知，蒲公英依靠风力飞翔，故本题选B。
2.How do the dandelion parachutes decide to work from the second paragraph？
A. By spreading their seeds.
B. By changing energy into movement.
C. By feeling humidity information.
D. By staying where they are.
解析 C 细节理解题。由第二段中的"Using signals about humidity information， they either open their parachutes and fly off or they close them and stay where they are"可知，通过使用与湿度信息有关的信号，蒲公英可以决定自己的行动，故本题选C。
3.What can we learn from the last paragraph？
A. Scientists make a robot out of dandelions.
B. Plants move just like animals.
C. Dandelions move with arms.
D. Plants can inspire biomimicry.
解析 D 推理判断题。由最后一段中的"They say understanding the response could help researchers design new soft robots， which are those made from flexible materials that imitate soft bodies"和"It is simple in design，so there is a lot of space for biomimicry（仿生学）"可推知，本题选D。
4.What would be the best title for this passage？
A. Observing Dandelions
B. Dandelions and Climate Change
C. Making Soft Robots
D. Dandelions and Biomimicry
解析 D 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文前三段揭秘了蒲公英传播种子的原理，最后一段介绍了蒲公英传播种子的方式对仿生学的帮助，故D项做文章标题最佳。
B
[2024广东南粤名校联考]When Sarah Lee was a child， she loved to watch the birds in her backyard and wondered how they could fly so effortlessly. As she grew older， Sarah became interested in the science behind flight， so she decided to study aerospace engineering in college.
After graduation， Sarah began working for a company that designed airplanes. However， she soon realized that the traditional methods of airplane design were not always efficient or sustainable. She began to wonder if there was a way to design airplanes that mimicked the natural world.
Sarah started to study birds and insects， observing how they were able to fly with such grace and efficiency. She asked questions like： How do birds adjust their wings to different wind conditions？ How do insects use their wings to hover in place？
With this knowledge， Sarah began to design airplanes that incorporated biomimicry， or the imitation of nature. She created wings that could adjust their shape based on wind conditions， just like a bird’s wings. She also designed planes that could hover in place， like a dragonfly.
Sarah’s designs were a hit. Her company began to produce airplanes that were more efficient and sustainable than ever before. They used less fuel and emitted fewer pollutants into the air.
Sarah now travels around the world， giving talks on the benefits of biomimicry in engineering."Nature has been solving problems for millions of years，" she says."We can learn a lot from the natural world if we just take the time to observe and ask questions."
从小对飞行背后的科学感兴趣的Sarah在大学学习了航空航天工程。在从业后她通过研究仿生学设计出了高效的飞机。
1.What made Sarah Lee choose to major in aerospace engineering？
A. Her fascination with airplanes.
B. Her interest in flight science.
C. Her childhood dream of becoming a pilot.
D. Her love for watching birds in her backyard.
解析 B 细节理解题。由第一段中的"As she grew older， Sarah became interested in the science behind flight， so she decided to study aerospace engineering in college"可知，本题选B项。
2.What does the underlined word "mimicked" in paragraph 2 probably mean？
A. Violated. B. Imitated.
C. Resembled. D. Pretended.
解析 B 词义猜测题。由第四段中的"With this knowledge， Sarah began to design airplanes that incorporated biomimicry， or the imitation of nature"可推知，mimicked与句中的imitation意义相通，故选B项。
3.What is one example of biomimicry in Sarah’s airplane designs？
A.Wings that adjust their shape based on wind conditions.
B. Engines that run on renewable energy sources.
C. Cockpits that mimic the structure of a bird’s nest.
D. Landing devices that resemble insect legs.
解析 A 细节理解题。由第四段中的"She created wings that could adjust their shape based on wind conditions， just like a bird’s wings"可知，本题选A项。
4.What can we learn about the airplanes designed by Sarah Lee from the text？
A. They were not that popular as expected at first.
B. They ran on sustainable energy completely.
C. They could hold much more passengers than former airplanes.
D. They caused less pollution to the environment than former airplanes.
解析 D 细节理解题。由第五段中的"They used less fuel and emitted fewer pollutants into the air"可知，本题选D项。
C
[2024辽宁沈阳市郊联体考试]There is no lack of excellent flying builders — such as bees — in nature. To build a nest， these insects team up to collect the needed materials and follow the specification of a complex design that ends up being many times their size. This building process takes months， even longer than their average lifespan， during which the insects must adjust as they go.
Inspired by these insect building teams， Mirko Kovac， a roboticist， developed a way to improve 3D printing for the construction industry. A typical 3D printer is limited by the range of its nozzle （喷嘴）， and can only make objects smaller than itself. Besides， 3D construction robotics currently focuses mostly on ground-based robots. And large-scale systems that need to be connected to a power supply are limited in places where they can be laid out.
Dr Kovac’s team has removed these limitations by giving the printer nozzle wings. Dr Kovac describes a system of flying robots that is composed of two types of drones：BuilDrones and ScanDrones.
First， a builder flies over its area of operation and begins to release a jet of the building material. Once the builder robot has sprayed a layer of material， the scanner robot flies over and inspects the progress. The scanner then calculates the next layer that the builder should make， while also correcting any errors that might have been discovered in what has already been built. At this point， people can also step in the process when necessary.
The researchers tested the system’s capabilities by building both a large cylinder （圆柱体）（72 layers and 2 meters tall） made of a lightweight material， and a small one （28 layers， 18 cm） made of a high-density mixture. The tasks were not simple. Making circles on top of other circles would not have worked， because the perfect alignment required would have been impractical to achieve. As a result， Dr Kovac’s robots passed the test with flying colors — the cylinders were built to within 5 mm of the width and height of the planned structures， which is of sufficient quality， as far as British building requirements are concerned.
Because the flying robots can， in theory， operate anywhere， they could fix things in dangerous or otherwise inaccessible places.
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个机器人专家受到了蜜蜂的启发建造机器人的过程以及该机器人潜在的应用。
1.What is the disadvantage of conventional 3D construction robots？
A. They lack flexibility.
B. They’re electricity-consuming.
C. They’re hard to set up and operate.
D. They make nozzles subject to wear and tear.
解析 A 推理判断题。由第二段中的"A typical 3D printer is limited by the range of its nozzle （喷嘴）， and can only make objects smaller than itself. Besides， 3D construction robotics currently focuses mostly on ground-based robots. And large-scale systems that need to be connected to a power supply are limited in places where they can be laid out"可知，本题选A。
2.What are ScanDrones responsible for？
A. Spreading building materials layer by layer.
B. Monitoring the building process in real time.
C. Warning human operators of potential errors.
D. Supplying BuilDrones with building materials.
解析 B 细节理解题。由第四段中的"Once the builder robot has sprayed a layer of material， the scanner robot flies over and inspects the progress"可知，ScanDrones负责实时监控建筑过程，故选B。
3.How did the researchers find their innovation？
A. Confusing. B. Immature.
C. Tolerable. D. Impressive.
解析 D 推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的"The tasks were not simple. Making circles on top of other circles would not have worked， because the perfect alignment required would have been impractical to achieve. As a result， Dr Kovac’s robots passed the test with flying colors — the cylinders were built to within 5mm of the width and height of the planned structures， which is of sufficient quality， as far as British building requirements are concerned"可知，本题选D。
4.What might the author talk about in the following paragraphs？
A. The essential maintenance of the system.
B. Ecological challenges of lightweight materials.
C. Potential applications of the new construction robots.
D. The system’s long-term impact on human constructors.
解析 C 推理判断题。由倒数第一段"Because the flying robots can， in theory， operate anywhere， they could fix things in dangerous or otherwise inaccessible places"可知，最后一段阐述了理论上这种机器人所能做到的，由此推断接下来作者有可能讨论新型机器人的潜在的应用，故选C。
三、语法填空
[2024河南二十名校调研]Wu Qin Xi can be regarded as the 1 （early） form of Medical Qigong in Chinese history， dating back to the Eastern Han Dynasty. The 2 （create） of Wu Qin Xi was credited to the famous Chinese physician Hua Tuo 3 had great skills as a surgeon， acupuncturist（针灸师） and herbalist.
Wu Qin Xi is 4 set of Daoyin（deep stretching） and Tu Na （deep breathing） exercise that imitates （模仿） the actions of animals，5 （base） on the habits of the tiger， deer， bear， monkey and bird. It 6 （practice） by imitating symbolically and physically the movements， breathing and sounds of the five animals. It consists 7 some standard forms of movements， natural movements and sounds， and simple but 8 （effect） techniques. The symbolic movements of the animals can have great effects on the state of mind and behavior. The dignity and great power of the tiger， the elegance of the deer， the earthiness and soft strength of the bear， the graceful and free spirit of the bird and the liveliness of the monkey， all leave their 9 （mark） on the consciousness and assist in 10 （build） confidence and dignity.
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了五禽戏的一些信息。
1.earliest 考查形容词的最高级。此处想表达的是"五禽戏可被认为是中国历史上最早的医学气功形式，可以追溯到东汉"，故应用early的最高级earliest。
2.creation 考查名词。由空前的The和空后的of可知，这里应用名词。creation意为"创造"，为不可数名词，故填creation。
3.who/that 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词引导限制性定语从句，先行词指人，且引导词在从句中作主语，所以应用who或that。
4.a 考查冠词。a set of意为"一套"，为固定搭配，故填a。
5.based 考查非谓语动词。Wu Qin Xi和base之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词based。
6.ispracticed 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。主语为It，谓语应用单数形式；主语和practice之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态；此处陈述客观事实，谓语应用一般现在时，故填is practiced。
7.of 考查介词。consist of意为"包括，由……组成"，故填of。
8.effective 考查形容词。此处应用形容词effective（有效的）作定语。
9.marks 考查名词的数。所填词在此表示复数意义，故填marks。
10.building 考查非谓语动词。空前有介词in，这里应用动名词作宾语，且此处表示抽象概念和主动关系，故填building。Unit 4 A glimpse of the future
一、阅读理解
A
[科技创新/]In Palo Alto， California， Elon Musk presented a prototype（原型） of the humanoid（类人的） robot Optimus， which his company Tesla hopes to produce one day by "millions" to "transform civilization" and build a "future of abundance" where poverty will be gone. The robot， which remains work in progress， waved to the audience and raised its knees.
Tesla is adopting its autonomous car technology to give Optimus abilities such as walking safely or working on the factory floor. "The robot can actually do a lot more than we just showed you，" said Musk. "Tesla is designing Optimus robots to be produced at high rates， pushing the price perhaps lower than $20，000，" Musk added. "This means a future of abundance， a future where there is no poverty and where you can have what you want in terms of products and services. It really is a fundamental transformation of civilization as we know it."
Musk， who once warned of artificial intelligence being a threat to mankind， said that Tesla wants to make sure the transition（过渡） to a society in which robots do the work and people gain the benefits is a safe one. "We always want to be careful we don’t go down the Terminator path，" he cautioned， referring to a famous film about a killer robot and noting that Tesla is building in safeguards including a stop button that can’t be changed without permission.
Musk said Tesla will begin testing Optimus on the factory floor， letting the robots do simple tasks like carrying parts， and that the general public should be able to purchase the robots in three to five years. He also added， "Tesla， as a publicly traded company， will be held accountable by its shareholders if they think it isn’t being socially responsible. It’s very important that I can’t just do what I want. Tesla’s structure is ideal for that."
Elon Musk展示了人形机器人Optimus的原型，他的公司特斯拉希望有一天能大量生产这种机器人，以"改造文明"，建立一个消除贫困的"富足的未来"。
【词语积累】 transform v.使改观，使变形，使转化
autonomous adj.有自主能力的，自主的
fundamental adj.根本的，基本的，基础的；必不可少的，十分重要的
safeguard n.安全设施，保护措施
accountable adj.负有责任的
【熟词生义】 caution 常用义：n.谨慎，小心
文中义：v.告诫，提醒
【长难句解读】 Musk，who once warned of (artificial intelligence being athreat to
who引导的定语从句， artificial... mankind为动名词短语的复合结构
mankind)， said that Tesla wants to make sure {thetransition(过渡) to a society(in which robots
that引导的宾语从句，其中包含一个省略了引导词的宾语从句，
dothework and people gainthe benefits) is a safe one}.
该宾语从句中又包含一个" in＋关系代词 which"引导的定语从句
译文：Musk曾警告说人工智能会对人类构成威胁，他表示，特斯拉希望确保向机器人工作、人类受益的社会的过渡是安全的。
1. What is Optimus expected to do？
A. Play a big role in factory work.
B. Lift the future world out of poverty.
C. Walk and wave greetings like humans.
D. Provide fundamental services people want.
解析 B 细节理解题。由第一段中的"which his company Tesla hopes to... build a ‘future of abundance’ where poverty will be gone"和第二段中的"This means a future of abundance， a future where there is no poverty and where you can have what you want in terms of products and services"可知，特斯拉希望有一天能大量生产Optimus机器人，以"改造文明"，建立一个"富足的未来"，让贫穷消失。这意味着一个富足的未来，一个没有贫穷的未来，在那里你可以得到你想要的产品和服务。由此可知，Optimus机器人被期待能让未来世界摆脱贫困。综上可知，本题选B。
2. Why is the film mentioned in paragraph 3？
A. To share a story about humanoid robots.
B. To tell the harm of using humanoid robots.
C. To warn of the threat of artificial intelligence.
D. To prove Tesla’s devotion to safe humanoid robots.
解析 D 意图推断题。由第三段中的"a safe one""‘We always want to be careful we don’t go down...noting that Tesla is building in safeguards ... without permission"可知，提及电影《终结者》是为了证明特斯拉会规避电影中机器人害人的隐患，竭力打造安全的人形机器人，故选D。
3. What do Musk’s words in the last paragraph imply？
A. He is in favor of Tesla’s management.
B. Robots will be easily available for all soon.
C. Tesla should be more socially responsible.
D. Optimus is none of Tesla’s shareholders’ concern.
解析 A 推理判断题。由最后一段内容可知，Musk补充道，如果股东认为特斯拉公司没有负起社会责任，公司要对此作出解释。特斯拉的体系是理想的。由此可知，Musk对特斯拉的管理模式是认同的，故选A。
4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text？
A. Optimus： A Breakthrough Product by Elon Musk
B. Optimus： A Possibility of Transforming the World
C. Humanoid Robots： A Promise of a Better Future
D. Humanoid Robots： A New Technical Focus of Tesla
解析 B 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文的主要内容是：Elon Musk展示了人形机器人Optimus的原型，他的公司特斯拉希望有一天能大量生产这种机器人，以"改造文明"，建立一个消除贫困的"富足的未来"。由此可知，B项（Optimus：改变世界的可能性）做本文标题最佳。
B
[科技创新/2024湖北武汉外国语诊断]Cars powered by batteries made from seawater and planes fueled by ammonia（氨） will become common over the next 10 years， Bill David， a professor of materials chemistry has predicted.
Most batteries for electric cars and smartphones are powered by lithium（锂）， which has to be mined， but David thinks that they will be overtaken by batteries made from sodium（钠）， which can be obtained from seawater and salt. The future of air travel could also be greener thanks to biofuels.
David said， "We are developing an ammonia-based plane. In principle， we can improve on an Airbus A320 or a Boeing 787 and essentially replace jet fuel with ammonia."
David said that batteries could， at first， combine sodium and lithium， as sodium is not quite as powerful as lithium but is much more sufficient. "It’s not quite perfect in terms of performance， so we need both，" David said."Sodium is on the way up and most electric cars have had a combination of lithium and sodium batteries in them. My estimate is that by 2040 I would not be surprised if there were ten times more sodium batteries than lithium ones， maybe even 100 times."
The first generation of mass-produced sodium batteries has been used for an electric car for the first time. Sodium will not be the final answer to eco-friendly air travel， however， which is why David’s team is looking into the use of ammonia. Some companies are looking into whether jet fuel can be replaced with hydrogen， but David sees ammonia more sustainable. He said， "If you do a sum， then at 500mph you get the same amount of power as jet fuel， but just 40 per cent of the range. However， even though， a Boeing 787 could still go from London to New York."
However， a report from the Royal Society on net-zero aviation， which David co-wrote， says that replacing jet fuel with biofuels would require half of the agricultural land in the UK.
材料化学专家Bill David预测，未来10年由海水制成的钠电池驱动的汽车和以氨为燃料的飞机将变得普遍。由于生物燃料的使用，未来的航空旅行也会更加环保。
1. What is an advantage of sodium batteries？
A. Their performance is easy to improve.
B. Their raw material is easily accessible.
C. They are widely applied to various vehicles.
D. They are more powerful than other batteries.
解析 B 细节理解题。由第二段中的"David thinks that they will be overtaken by batteries made from sodium（钠）， which can be obtained from seawater and salt"可知，David认为锂电池将被钠制成的电池取代，钠可以从海水和盐中获得。由此可知，电池的原材料钠可以轻松获得，故选B。
2. According to David， which is ideal for future electric cars？
A. The lithium battery. B. The sodium battery.
C. Hydrogen fuel. D. Ammonia fuel.
解析 B 细节理解题。由第四段中的"My estimate is that by 2040...maybe even 100 times"可知，到2040年，如果钠电池的数量是锂电池的10倍，甚至可能是100倍，David不会感到惊讶。由此可知，David认为未来电动汽车的理想选择是钠电池，故选B。
3. What is paragraph 5 mainly about？
A. Hydrogen casts a light on the jet fuel market.
B. Electric car makers favor sodium batteries.
C. Ammonia features sustainability and practicability.
D. Companies have mass-produced recycled batteries.
解析 C 段落大意题。结合第五段内容，尤其是本段中的"David sees ammonia more sustainable""If you do a sum， then at 500mph...a Boeing 787 could still go from London to New York"可知，该段主要讲述氨的可持续性和实用性特点，故选C。
4. What’s David’s attitude to replacing jet fuel with biofuels？
A. Tolerant. B. Unclear.
C. Cautious. D. Approving.
解析 C 态度推断题。由最后一段的内容可知，David参与撰写的一份来自英国皇家学会关于净零排放航空的报告称，用生物燃料取代喷气燃料将需要英国一半的农业用地。由此可推知，David对于用生物燃料取代喷气燃料这一举措持慎重态度，故选C。
二、七选五
[2023江西名校联考]Whenever humans consider the future of AI， they have one big question in mind： will robots take my job？ While it’s true that some jobs will disappear， new ones that involve working specifically with AI will arise. 1 Many jobs will become more rewarding as people perform their work alongside AI， solving problems in new and exciting ways.
AI has already changed almost every industry， but the future of AI promises to revolutionize even more businesses.
Health care： 2 This will make early lifesaving treatment more likely. They might use AI to create new ways to treat illnesses like dementia（痴呆） and cancer. They could use it to predict future illnesses， combining a patient’s health history and genetic data to create a preventative care plan.
Service industry： In the future， robots and machines run by AI could replace customer service representatives and cashiers. 3 Robots are already used at some fast-food restaurants.
Law enforcement：Some day soon， AI facial recognition in security cameras could help police officers catch potential criminals. 4
Transportation： Say goodbye to taxi drivers. In the future， cars will be able to drive themselves （some already do）. 5
Marketing： AI already targets you with customized ads on social media sites， but soon it may even be able to create the ads you see or articles you read.
A. We can also have AI-equipped robot cooks.
B. We may also see automated trains and airplanes.
C. The biggest change may be in what we get from work.
D. With AI， doctors will be able to better diagnose illnesses.
E. AI-run robots are already used as security officers in some businesses.
F. There are already articles that are almost as good as what a human creates.
G. While the future of AI has lots of positives， there are some negatives， too.
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能已经或即将用于哪些领域。
1.C "Many jobs will become more rewarding as people perform their work alongside AI， solving problems in new and exciting ways"与C项（The biggest change may be in what we get from work）相吻合。
2.D 由小标题"Health care"可知，第三段主要介绍人工智能在医疗保健领域的应用。D项（有了人工智能，医生将能够更好地诊断疾病）符合本段主旨。
3.A 由小标题"Service industry"可知，第四段主要介绍人工智能在服务行业的应用。A项（我们也可以有配备人工智能的机器人厨师）符合本段主旨，且与下文中的"Robots are already used at some fast-food restaurants"衔接自然。
4.E E项（由人工智能操作的机器人已经被用作一些企业的安保人员）与Law enforcement相吻合。
5.B 由小标题"Transportation"可知，第六段主要介绍人工智能在交通领域的应用。B项（我们还可能看到自动化的火车和飞机）符合本段主旨。
三、完形填空
[2024广东揭阳阶段考]We asked Professor John Williams， a futurologist， for his expert predictions on life in the next few decades. Here’s what he said.
Unfortunately， it looks quite likely that the climate may 1 significantly， with hotter summers， colder winters and more flooding. At the same time， fuel for heating or air conditioning will probably become much more expensive. For these reasons， our houses will certainly have to become much better 2 . People are already building so-called ‘passive houses’， which have little or no central heating at all， 3 the body heat of the people who live there.
Homes probably won’t be as big， and so we will need more adaptable furniture， such as sofa beds， and when we are not 4 our furniture we will be able to fold it away into wall cabinets（壁橱）. Houses could have moveable walls so that the same space can be 5 in different ways.
New technology will make us more self-sufficient（自给自足的）. Kitchens may have fish tanks which， as well as providing fish to eat， also 6 fresh vegetables. The plants will 7 oxygen for the fish. These tanks will be powered by household waste and create 8 ， which can then be used to run the family car — 9 we might not all have cars！
Water will be more expensive and the home of the future will probably be designed to use much 10 water. Washing machines and dishwashers might use sound waves to shake 11 off. We may even take showers using sound waves. What water we do use will be recycled and used again round the house and private swimming pools will become a thing of the 12 .
We will also 13 have more robots in our houses， though they won’t look like the ones in films. There will probably be small robots 14 to clean the fridge or open the curtains. 15 fridges will tell us when food is about to go out of date and even suggest recipes， and we will be able to communicate with our homes by mobile phone wherever we are.
本文主要讲的是John Williams对未来的预测。
1.A. change B. improve
C. respond D. cool
解析 A 由下文中的"with hotter summers， colder winters and more flooding"可知，气候可能会发生改变，故选A。
2. A. advertised B. placed
C. qualified D. equipped
解析 D 由上文中的"fuel for heating or air conditioning will probably become much more expensive"可知，用于供暖或空调的燃料可能会变得更加昂贵，所以房子应该更好地被装备，故选D。
3. A. dealing with B. relying on
C. focusing on D. giving out
解析 B 由上文中的"have little or no central heating at all"可知，房屋很少或根本没有中央供暖系统，所以就要依靠人自己的体温了，故选B。
4.A. using B. moving
C. cleaning D. selling
解析 A 家具自然是不用的时候才折叠起来，故选A。
5. A. demanded B. arranged
C. measured D. enlarged
解析 B 房屋可以有可移动的墙壁，这样相同的空间就可以以不同的方式布置，故选B。
6. A. produce B. wash
C. store D. cook
解析 A 厨房可能有鱼缸，除了提供鱼，也生产（produce）新鲜蔬菜。
7. A. find B. save
C. provide D. test
解析 C 由上文中的"plants"，下文中的"oxygen for the fish"以及常识可知，植物会给鱼提供氧气，故选C。
8. A. space B. energy
C. system D. material
解析 B 用于驱动汽车的自然是能量，故选B。
9. A. as B. if
C. unless D. though
解析 D 此处表示"尽管（though）我们可能不是每个人都有车"，故选D。
10. A. more B. warmer
C. less D. slower
解析 C 由下文可知，未来用水"更少"，故选C。
11.A. dirt B. water
C. leaves D. hair
解析 A 洗衣机和洗碗机可能会使用声波来除掉污垢（dirt）。
12. A. future B. past
C. life D. imagination
解析 B 私人游泳池将成为过去（past）的东西。
13. A. regularly B. suddenly
C. nearly D. certainly
解析 D 当然（Certainly），家里也会有更多的机器人，尽管它们看起来不会像电影里的机器人。
14. A. designed B. discovered
C. repaired D. collected
解析 A 可能会有小型机器人被设计（designed）出来清洁冰箱或拉开窗帘。
15. A. Old B. Additional
C. Common D. Clever
解析 D 由"tell us when food is about to go out of date and even suggest recipes"可知，冰箱是智能的，故选D。Unit 3 War and peace
一、阅读理解
A
[2023广西南宁二模]Clara Barton， born on December 25， 1821 in Oxford， Massachusetts， has a crucial and long-lasting impact on care giving and disaster relief in America and throughout the world.
As a young child， Barton had great difficulty studying and making friends at school. For most of her early years， she was taught at home. She really began her life of caring for the sick at age 11， when her brother David was seriously injured while helping build a barn （谷仓）. She nursed him carefully for two years until he was healed.
Barton began teaching at age 17 and was greatly respected by her students. Twelve years later， she started a free public school for poor children in New Jersey. But within a year， she had to leave after the school board voted to replace her as headmaster with a man.
Barton was working for the Patent Office when the Civil War broke out in 1861.The wounded soldiers flooded the streets of Washington， D.C. Then a temporary hospital was created in the uncompleted Capitol Building （国会大厦）. She brought them food， clothing and other necessities from her home， and launched a campaign for more relief items from friends and the public. More importantly， she spent hours with the homesick and suffering soldiers， writing letters and offering prayers and comfort. She worked long into the night assisting the surgeons， cooking food for the soldiers and tending to the wounded， despite nearby gunfire flying overhead.
Barton made a deep impression on Union army surgeons at Antietam. One surgeon， Dr. James Dunn， said， "In my estimation， General McClellan， with all his great honors， sinks into insignificance beside Barton， a true heroine of the age."
After the war， President Lincoln put Barton in charge of locating missing soldiers. When she returned to the United States， she successfully helped start the American Red Cross and became its first president.
Clara Barton died at the age of 91.A monument in her honor stands at Antietam National Battlefield.
本文主要讲述了美国内战中著名的女英雄克拉拉·巴顿在血腥的内战战场上照顾受伤的士兵，并最终成立了美国红十字会的故事。
1.Why did Barton leave the school where she worked？
A. She didn’t like teaching any more.
B. She needed to tend to her brother.
C. A man took her place as headmaster.
D. A patent office offered her a position.
解析 C 细节理解题。由第三段中的"But within a year， she had to leave after the school board voted to replace her as headmaster with a man"可知，本题选C项。
2.Which of the following can best describe Barton？
A. Caring and brave. B. Determined and talkative.
C. Smart and modest. D. Optimistic and humorous.
解析 A 推理判断题。由第四段中的"She brought them food， clothing and other necessities from her home， and launched a campaign for more relief items from friends and the public. More importantly， she spent hours with the homesick and suffering soldiers， writing letters and offering prayers and comfort. She worked long into the night assisting the surgeons， cooking food for the soldiers and tending the wounded， despite nearby gunfire flying overhead"可推知，克拉拉·巴顿是个关心他人且非常勇敢的人，故选A项。
3.What can be inferred from Dr. James Dunn’s words in Paragraph 5？
A. He thought little of General McClellan.
B. He expressed his admiration for Barton.
C. He showed his worry about the wounded soldiers.
D. He attached significance to his work as a surgeon.
解析 B 推理判断题。由第五段中詹姆斯·邓恩医生的话"In my estimation， General McClellan， with all his great honors， sinks into insignificance beside Barton， a true heroine of the age"可知，詹姆斯·邓恩医生认为，巴顿的贡献甚至高于麦克莱伦将军，无疑他在表达他对巴顿的敬佩，故选B项。
4.Which can be a suitable title for the text？
A. A Clerk in the Patent Office
B. An Educator of the Times
C. A Surgeon During the War
D. A Heroine on the Battlefield
解析 D 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章讲述了美国内战中著名的女英雄克拉拉·巴顿在血腥的内战战场上照顾受伤的士兵，并最终成立了美国红十字会的故事。因此D项"战地女英雄"可概括文章大意，适合做本文的标题。
B
[2024四川绵阳南山中学一诊]During the 1930s， the Great War broke out. A 25-year-old American soldier， probably never thought that his life would change forever when he volunteered to go to France.
One night while the American unit was returning to the base after a bloody fight， Suleyman stumbled into the ground and noticed a bit of movement from the bush. Suleyman found a five-year-old girl shivering with cold and utmost fear. Due to the atrocity of the war， the girl was abandoned by her family and the whole village was killed.
During the war， it was impossible to find the child’s family， so Suleyman took this little French girl under his wings and gave her an American name Flora. Soon， Flora became the apple of the eye of everyone living in the army camp.
For one and a half years， Flora and Suleyman became inseparable； however， every fairy tale comes to an end. When the war ended， Suleyman was sent back to USA， while Flora was put in an orphanage， the Normandy School， which was founded by the American government for orphaned French children to have an education.
For years， Suleyman always thought of Flora. When the French National Olympic Team was playing in the Summer Olympics in Los Angeles in 1984， Suleyman gazed through the audience on TV， hoping to catch a glimpse of Flora， but he never could.
At the age of 85， Suleyman attended the 60th anniversary reception of the Great War where Suleyman shared his story with American and French officials. After hearing his story， a French journalist started to investigate the story， and all government files were read in detail. The moment the journalist helped dial the number， in tears， Flora said Suleyman was her hero， and everything came flooding back to her.
本文是记叙文。在战争中士兵Suleyman发现了一个小女孩。他给她取名Flora，并细心地照顾她。然而，战后他们不得不分离。Suleyman晚年时，在记者的帮助下，他们又取得了联系。
1.What does the underlined word "atrocity" in Paragraph 2 probably mean？
A. Challenge. B. Cruelty.
C. Range. D. Stress.
解析 B 词义猜测题。结合关键信息the war、"the girl was abandoned by her family and the whole village was killed"、常识和选项可知画线词的意思应是"残酷"，故选B项。
2.What can we learn from the passage？
A. Suleyman found some animals in the bush.
B. Suleyman would never see Flora again.
C. Flora and Suleyman became attached to each other.
D. Flora was sent to an orphanage when she was found.
解析 C 推理判断题。由第四段中的"For one and a half years， Flora and Suleyman became inseparable"可知，弗洛拉和苏莱曼相互依恋，故选C项。
3.Why did Suleyman watch the 1984 Summer Olympics？
A. Because Flora might be in the French team.
B. Because Flora might be watching the event.
C. Because Suleyman was greatly interested in sports.
D. Because Suleyman wanted to travel to Los Angeles.
解析 B 细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的"When the French National Olympic Team was playing in the Summer Olympics in Los Angeles in 1984， Suleyman gazed through the audience on TV， hoping to catch a glimpse of Flora， but he never could"可知，本题选B项。
4.What may the following paragraph talk about？
A. Suleyman and Flora reunited.
B. Flora became famous.
C. Suleyman shared his life experience.
D. Flora moved to the US.
解析 A 推理判断题。由最后一段中的"The moment the journalist helped dial the number， in tears， Flora said Suleyman was her hero， and everything came flooding back to her"可知，Suleyman和Flora多年后有了彼此的消息，不难推知，接下来很有可能描述二人重逢的情节。
二、七选五
[2023黑龙江齐齐哈尔期末]
Take a battlefield tour of WWⅠ in 1917
On Labor Day， I watched a British movie named 1917.As indicated by the title， 1917 is set in the disorder and confusion of World War Ⅰ. 1 ， separating British and German troops.
Two British young soldiers， Blake and Schofield， are awakened from what could have only been a few minutes of sleep. 2 . A few miles away， another company （连队） including Blake’s brother， has planned an attack in a few hours， designed to push the Germans back even farther following a recent retreat （撤退）. However， recent intelligence suggests that the retreat is a trick that will land them in an ambush （埋伏） that will cost thousands of British lives. 3 ， so Blake and Schofield are ordered to head on foot to that company in order to call off the attack before it can start， a journey that will force them to travel through the enemy territory. They witness carnage （大屠杀）， and one of them happens to stick his hand into the open wound of a dead body.
The movie is not only known for its unbroken shot （连续镜头） but also for its adaptation of a true story from its director Sam Mendes’ grandfather. Through the eyes of Blake and Schofield， the movie shows the horror of a war that cost the lives of countless innocent people. As US scientist Benjamin once said， " 4 ."
Through this classic and moving movie， we can learn the preciousness of peace and the evil of war. 5 . We ought to always think about how we can prevent war and how we can achieve peace.
A. It can lead to disorder
B. The radio line was down
C. They join the army during World War Ⅰ
D. There never was a good war， or a bad peace
E. They are ordered to report for a new assignment
F. We also know that we should always try our best to defend the former
G. It takes place in and around the so-called "no man’s land" in northern France
作者通过对英国电影《1917》的介绍，表达了人们应该阻止战争、珍惜和平的愿望。
1.G "1917 is set in the disorder and confusion of World War Ⅰ"提到了第一次世界大战，选项G（它发生在法国北部所谓的"无人区"及其周围）说明了一战发生的地点，而"separating British and German troops"指明了the so-called "no man’s land" in northern France起到的作用。
2.E "Blake and Schofield， are awakened from what could have only been a few minutes"提到Blake和Schofield被从睡梦中叫醒了，选项E说明了二人被叫醒的原因。
3.B "so Blake and Schofield are ordered to head on foot to that company in order to call off the attack before it can start， a journey that will force them to travel through the enemy territory"与选项B之间为因果关系。
4.D "Through the eyes of Blake and Schofield， the movie shows the horror of a war that cost the lives of countless innocent people"与选项D（There never was a good war， or a bad peace）相照应。
5.F F项与上一句"Through this classic and moving movie， we can learn the preciousness of peace and the evil of war"和下一句"We ought to always think about how we can prevent war and how we can achieve peace"衔接自然。
三、完形填空
[2023江苏四市一调]I’ve been working as a UN peacekeeper in the Central African Republic for the past two years. Before this， I was a pilot and I 1 my work. However， I felt it was my duty to help innocent people caught in trouble， so I 2 the United Nations.
The Central African Republic is a relatively small country. Since it got 3 from France in the 1950s， there have been many violent conflicts between the government and rebels （反叛者）. In 2012， a civil war began， due to which， over one million people were forced to 4 their homes and there were many deaths and injuries. 5 ， the United Nations established a peacekeeping 6 in the country.
We peacekeepers 7 cities and villages to 8 that no conflict is occurring and help bring supplies of food and medicine. We are a 9 that can keep people in conflict apart.
As a woman， I am particularly 10 as I can act as a role model for many women and girls in the country. When they see how others respect me， they feel that they also 11 to be respected and treated 12 .
My life is not 13 in any way！ It’s long hours in a very tough environment. I have basic 14 with just a bed in a shared room. Of course， being away from my family and friends is also very hard at times. However， I know that the Central African Republic is safer because of the UN peacekeepers， and that makes it all 15 .
本文是一篇记叙文，作者介绍了自己作为联合国维和人员在中非共和国工作的经历。
1.A. hated B. enjoyed
C. guarded D. changed
解析 B 作者之前是一名飞行员，虽然喜欢这份工作，但是她觉得自己有责任去帮助别人，所以成了联合国的维和人员，故选B。
2.A. gave in to B. looked up to
C. kept up with D. signed up with
解析 D 作者觉得有责任帮助陷入困境的人，所以和联合国签约，成了维和人员，故选D。give in to让步于，look up to崇拜， keep up with跟上，sign up with和……签约。
3.A. treatment B. technology
C. independence D. inspiration
解析 C 句意：自从20世纪50年代中非共和国脱离法国独立以来，政府和叛军之间发生了许多暴力冲突。treatment对待，治疗；technology技术；independence独立；inspiration灵感。C项符合语境。
4.A. flee B. return
C. sweep D. tend
解析 A 句意：2012年，一场内战爆发，100多万人被迫逃离家园，战争也造成了很多伤亡。A项符合语境。
5.A. In turn B. In surprise
C. In response D. In addition
解析 C 句意：作为回应，联合国在该国展开了一项维和任务。in turn反过来，in surprise惊讶地，in response作为回应，in addition此外。C项符合语境。
6.A. measure B. reputation
C. business D. mission
解析 D 参见上题解析。measure措施；reputation名声；business生意；mission任务，军事行动。
7.A. follow B. expand
C. monitor D. block
解析 C 句意：我们维和人员监测城市和村庄，以确保没有冲突发生，并帮助运送食品和药品。C项符合语境。
8.A. ensure B. prove
C. report D. predict
解析 A 参见上题解析。ensure确保，prove证明，report报道，predict预测。
9.A. bridge B. barrier
C. castle D. shelter
解析 B 由"that can keep people in conflict apart"可知，此处指"我们是把冲突中的人们隔离开来的屏障"，故选B。
10.A. protected B. trusted
C. valued D. doubted
解析 C 句意：作为一名女性，我尤其受到重视，因为我可以成为该国许多妇女和女孩的榜样。protect保护；trust信任；value重视，珍视；doubt怀疑。C项符合语境。
11.A. deserve B. prefer
C. plan D. fail
解析 A 句意：当她们看到别人如何尊重我时，她们觉得自己也应该得到尊重和平等对待。deserve应得，prefer更喜欢，plan计划，fail失败。A项符合语境。
12.A. gently B. equally
C. privately D. honestly
解析 B 参见上题解析。gently温柔地，equally平等地，privately私下地，honestly诚实地。
13.A. boring B. rewarding
C. difficult D. fancy
解析 D 由下一句"It’s long hours in a very tough environment"可知，作者的生活一点也不奢华，故选D。boring令人厌倦的；rewarding有益的，值得做的；difficult困难的；fancy奢华的。
14.A. association B. accommodation
C. administration D. adaptation
解析 B 由"with just a bed in a shared room"可知，此处是描述住宿条件，故选B。association协会，联系；accommodation住处，住宿；administration管理；adaptation适应。
15.A. available B. ambitious
C. worthwhile D. educational
解析 C 结合"However， I know that the Central African Republic is safer because of the UN peacekeepers"可知，虽然生活条件艰苦，但是看到中非共和国更加安全，作者觉得很值得，故选C。available可获得的，ambitious雄心勃勃的，worthwhile值得的，educational有教育意义的。Unit 2 A life’s work
一、阅读理解
A
[2023四川成都二诊]Chinese ink paintings were once on the edge of being forgotten — at least according to a paper of Li Xiaoshan，a postgraduate art student.
At the time，many Chinese painting professionals passed away without finding younger artists to fill their shoes. Young artists were left on their own to find breakthroughs and define themselves as artists. While extremely exaggerated（夸张），Li’s comment sent shock waves through the Chinese painting community.Since then， many experimental painters have taken to their studios in China， creating many astonishing and inspirational ink paintings using new methods and concepts， marking an important step for the development of contemporary Chinese painting.
Shao Ge is a representative of this new form. Born to an ordinary family in Beijing in 1962， Shao was keen on traditional Chinese painting. As a child， he spent much of his time staring at the ink masterpieces in the Palace Museum.There was an elder neighbor，who was good at Chinese painting and calligraphy. In his spare time， the kind elder talked about traditional Chinese culture to young Shao. Some years later， Shao decided to study painting after graduating from high school. After graduating from the Beijing Arts and Crafts School in 1978， Shao was sent to work at a small craft factory. Before long， the factory went bankrupt. Shao later passed an exam and became a painter for Rong Bao Zhai，a famous Chinese art gallery established in 1672.This career jump allowed Shao to enter a lifetime of ink painting.
"At first，I just drew everything — landscapes，figures，flowers，birds，and fish，" Shao said."But I soon found sticking to traditional thoughts and skills of Chinese painting would be a brake on my development as a professional painter.For this reason，I decided to innovate my own style."
本文主要介绍的是中国当代新水墨画代表人物邵戈先生的绘画经历。
【词语积累】 breakthrough n.突破，重大进展
representative n.代表 be keen on 喜爱，对……着迷/有兴趣
1.What do the underlined words "fill their shoes" mean in Paragraph 2？
A. Calm them down. B. Focus on themselves.
C. Ask them for help. D. Take over their roles.
解析 D 词义猜测题。结合第二段中的"At the time，many Chinese painting professionals passed away... Young artists were left on their own to find breakthroughs and define themselves as artists"及四个选项可推知，仅有选项D正确。
2.What does Paragraph 3 mainly introduce about Shao Ge？
A. His journey to art.
B. His family background.
C. His neighbor’s influence.
D. His passion for learning.
解析 A 段落大意题。通读第三段可知，该段主要介绍了邵先生的艺术之路，故A项切题。
3.What will be probably talked about in the next paragraph？
A. People’s views on Shao’s paintings.
B. Shao’s impact on Chinese painting.
C. The development of traditional painting.
D. Shao’s successful experiment in painting.
解析 D 推理判断题。由第四段中的"But I soon found...I decided to innovate my own style"可知，D项切题，D项与波浪线标记的部分吻合。
4.In which column of a newspaper can this text probably be found？
A. Fashion. B. Feature.
C. Education. D. Literature.
解析 B 推理判断题。整篇文章专门介绍中国当代新水墨画代表人物邵戈先生传奇的绘画经历，本文极可能属于报纸中的专题文章，故选项B正确。
B
[2024江西婺源天佑中学期中] Recently， the topic "Chinese people can eat such a sweet melon but can’t do without this grandma" has topped the hot search list. The grandma is Wu Mingzhu called "Queen of Chinese Melon"， a melon-growing expert and academician. Among Wu Mingzhu’s classmates was Yuan Longping， who later became the "father of hybrid rice".
Wu Mingzhu was born in 1930 into a scholarly family in Wuhan City. After her graduation in 1953， she was assigned to work in the Rural Work Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in Beijing. Wu was unsatisfied. "What I studied was the science of fruit and vegetables. I wanted to work in the field， not in an office，" said Wu.
In 1955， Wu voluntarily went to work in Shanshan County， Turpan Basin， where working conditions were quite harsh. She found that the Hami melon， a rare specialty fruit which was once common in the area， was in danger of becoming extinct if not properly cultivated. Wu spent a full three years visiting over 300 production teams， picking out 44 varieties. She overcame varieties of setbacks to produce particularly delicious melons in a scientific way， winning over the local farmers accustomed to folk cultivation methods. Then the promotion area covered 80 percent of Xinjiang’s main commodity areas， and a group of melon-rich villages emerged.
In 1973， in order to speed up the breeding process and shorten the cultivation cycle， Wu decided to go to Hainan for melon breeding. She wanted to develop Hainan as a pilot area to improve the speed and efficiency of breeding， so that the south area of China could also grow melons. After numerous difficulties， finally in the 80s， the melon variety selected by Wu succeeded.
For more than 60 years， Wu Mingzhu has cultivated more than 30 varieties， dedicated the sweetness of melons to the people， and promoted the melon series with Chinese characteristics and a complete breeding innovation system to the world. When first hearing her nickname "a pearl in the Turpan Basin"， Wu said， "In Xinjiang， there are thousands of science and technology workers like me. They have worked hard for decades on the frontline of agriculture. I’m just one of the ordinary ones."
"西瓜女王"吴明珠潜心研究甜瓜六十几年，帮助我国实现吃瓜自由。
1.Why did the author mention Yuan Longping in the first paragraph？
A. To let us get a further glimpse of Wu.
B. To inform us that she lives longer than Yuan.
C. To prove her success resulted from Yuan’s help.
D. To tell us she graduated from a world-rate university.
解析 A 推理判断题。第一段中的"The grandma is Wu Mingzhu called ‘Queen of Chinese Melon’， a melon-growing expert and academician"介绍了吴明珠的信息，紧接着下文便提及吴明珠的同学中有人们所熟知的‘杂交水稻之父’袁隆平，显然，作者此举是为了吸引我们进一步了解吴明珠，故选A。
2.Why was Wu unsatisfied with the good job in Beijing？
A. She had studied science for years.
B. The scenery in Xinjiang fascinated her.
C. Making money easily in Xinjiang was what she loved.
D. She had a preference for working in the field rather than in an office.
解析 D 细节理解题。由第二段中的"‘What I studied was the science of fruit and vegetables. I wanted to work in the field， not in an office，’ said Wu"可知，吴明珠对在北京的工作不满意是因为比起在办公室里工作，她更喜欢在田间工作，故选D。
3.How did Wu persuade the locals in Xinjiang into giving up old cultivation methods？
A. By persuading them into taking her advice.
B. By providing enough financial assistance.
C. By presenting high-quality melons scientifically.
D. By recommending the local government to adopt favorable policies.
解析 C 细节理解题。由第三段中的"She overcame varieties of setbacks to produce particularly delicious melons in a scientific way， winning over the local farmers accustomed to folk cultivation methods. Then the promotion area covered 80 percent of Xinjiang’s main commodity areas， and a group of melon-rich villages emerged"可知，吴明珠通过以科学的方式产出优质瓜来说服新疆当地人放弃旧的种植方法，故选C。
4.Which of the following best describes Wu Mingzhu？
A. Efficient and energetic. B. Devoted and modest.
C. Flexible and frank. D. Positive and tolerant.
解析 B 推理判断题。由最后一段内容可知，60多年来吴明珠致力于培育优质瓜种，当被别人称赞为"吐鲁番盆地的一颗明珠"时，她说自己只是一个普通人，由此可知，她全心全意奉献于自己的事业，且很谦虚，故选B。
C
[2023福建厦门三模]Dressed in a shiny metallic suit， Katia Krafft’s small frame is dwarfed（使显得矮小） by the red curtain of molten rock that bursts from the ground before her. The dramatic moment was captured （捕捉） in a photo taken atop Iceland’s Krafla volcano in 1984， during the final breathing of a multi-year-long eruption. Looking at the image， one can almost feel the volcano’s heat， hear its roar， and sense Krafft’s heart pounding as the volcanologist does what she loves most： bearing witness to our planet’s strong anger.
Katia Krafft was a fearless pioneer in volcanology， studying the explosive peaks at a time when there were few women in the field. She was born in the Rhine valley of northeast France in 1942， during the height of World War Ⅱ. The chaotic human world drove both Katia and her husband， Maurice Krafft， also a volcanologist， to seek comfort in nature. The moment a volcano exploded， they dropped everything to analyze and capture the beauty and mystery of each event.
The Kraffts used their videos of explosive eruptions to explain the complex risks and uncertainties of these disasters. It changed our ability to communicate volcano science. Their videos are credited as one of the primary reasons that officials in the Philippines took the warning signs of Mount Pinatubo’s eruption in 1991 seriously. Yet the Kraffs didn’t live to see that eruption. The couple died less than two weeks earlier in Japan during a monstrous eruption， which claimed 41 other lives.
Katia’s impact on volcanology has reached far beyond her death and has encouraged many young women to study our restless planet."Katia Krafft is definitely the reason why I’m doing this job，" says Carla Tiraboschi， a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Minster， Germany. Tiraboschi first saw Katia in a documentary when she was just six or seven years old and has been crazy about volcanoes ever since. She now studies the processes at work deep below the volcanic peaks.
法国火山学家Katia Krafft和丈夫一起一生追逐危险的活火山，留下的图像与影像帮助传播火山科学，并激励更多的人从事火山研究。
1.What does the author want to tell us in paragraph 1？
A. The importance of volcanology.
B. The damage of a volcanic eruption.
C. The difficulty of filming volcano eruption.
D. Katia Krafft’s passion for her work.
解析 D 推理判断题。第一段通过一张照片描述火山学家Katia Krafft在喷发的火山前的情景，研究活火山是Katia最喜欢的事情。由此可知，第一段通过对一张照片的描述告诉我们火山学家Katia Krafft对研究活火山这一工作非常热爱，故选D。
2.What can we know about the videos of explosive eruptions？
A. They prevented a natural disaster.
B. They served as a warning in Japan.
C. They helped spread volcano science.
D. They covered Mount Pinatubo’s eruption.
解析 C 细节理解题。由第三段中的"The Kraffts used their videos of explosive eruptions to explain the complex risks and uncertainties of these disasters. It changed our ability to communicate volcano science. Their videos are credited as one of the primary reasons that officials in the Philippines took the warning signs of Mount Pinatubo’s eruption in 1991 seriously"可知，Krafft夫妇用拍摄的火山爆炸性喷发视频解释这些灾难的复杂风险和不确定性，帮助传播火山的科学知识，故选C。
3.How did Katia influence Carla Tiraboschi？
A. Katia’s death made her restless.
B. Katia helped her with her research.
C. Katia’s deeds inspired her career choice.
D. Katia taught her to make a documentary.
解析 C 细节理解题。由最后一段中的"‘Katia Krafft is definitely the reason why I’m doing this job，’ says Carla Tiraboschi， a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Minster， Germany"可知，Carla Tiraboschi受Katia Krafft的事迹的鼓舞，选择从事火山研究，故选C。
4.What’s the best title for this text？
A. When art meets with disasters
B. Witnessing volcano eruption
C. Volcano science — a good choice
D. Nothing can stop a willing heart
解析 B 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要围绕Katia和Maurice夫妇二人用图片和影像记录火山喷发展开，故B项做文章标题最佳。
二、语法填空
Fan Jinshi， the honorary president of the Dunhuang Academy， is more widely known as the "Daughter of Dunhuang". She has spent more than four decades 1 （study） the preservation of the Mogao Caves.
The Mogao Caves 2 （build） from the 4th century to the 14th century， and they consist of at least 490 caves 3 are carved into the cliffs （悬崖） above the Dachuan River. For many reasons， the caves 4 （become） increasingly vulnerable （脆弱的） in the past years.
Fan， together with other scholars， has made several breakthroughs in cave preservation technologies such as 5 reduction of sandstorms’ impact on the Mogao Caves. Fan also works hard 6 （promote） cooperation between the Dunhuang Academy and overseas archaeological institutions. Thanks to her efforts， the surrounding environment has improved 7 （significant）.
8 Fan’s leadership， the Dunhuang Academy has grown into the world’s largest institution for Dunhuang studies， making many 9 （achieve） in digitisation， 3D scanning and virtual reality representation of the Dunhuang relics（遗迹）."The longer I’ve stayed here， the 10 （deep） my love has grown for Dunhuang，" Fan said.
本文主要讲述了"敦煌的女儿"樊锦诗为保护敦煌莫高窟做出的贡献。
【词语积累】 preservation n.保护 consist of由……组成
cooperation n.合作 leadership n.领导，领导地位；领导才能 digitisationn.数字化
1.studying 考查非谓语动词。spend some time （in）doing sth.是固定用法，故填studying。
2.werebuilt 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。由时间状语"from the 4th century to the 14th century"可知，此处用一般过去时；build与主语The Mogao Caves是被动关系，应用被动语态；再结合后面指代The Mogao Caves的they可知，主语表示复数意义，谓语动词应用复数，故填were built。
3.that/which 考查定语从句。空处所填词引导限制性定语从句，先行词指物，关系词在从句中作主语，故填that/which。
4.havebecome 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。由时间状语"in the past years"可知，此处用现在完成时；become为系动词，不用于被动语态；主语是复数，谓语用复数形式，故填have become。
5.the 考查冠词。由空后的"of sandstorms’ impact...Caves"可知，此处表示特指，故填定冠词the。
6.topromote 考查非谓语动词。此处非谓语动词作目的状语，且表示主动关系，故用不定式to promote。
7.significantly 考查副词。空处所填词修饰谓语动词，应用副词形式。significantly表示"有重大意义地，显著地，明显地"。
8.Under 考查介词。under sb.’s leadership表示"在某人的领导下"，是固定搭配。
9.achievements 考查名词。由空前的many可知，本空要填名词的复数形式，故填achievements。
10.deeper 考查比较级。"the＋比较级＋其他，the＋比较级＋其他"是常用结构，表示"越……就越……"，故填deeper。Unit 1 Face values
一、阅读理解
A
[2024湖南名校第二次联考]When Aly Stosz was in kindergarten， she easily towered head-and-shoulders over the rest of her class. As she continued through elementary school， her growth never slowed. When she was in high school， she began to grow slowly. Years later in 2013， Aly reached 6 feet 9 inches tall with a women’s 16 shoe size.
Normal activities like shopping for clothes and shoes can be stressful for Aly because she struggles to find anything that fits properly on her. Most items that are sold as dresses end up becoming shirts for her， and it’s a miracle if a store ever has a pair of pants long enough for her legs. But， through all of these struggles， Aly has learned to embrace the body she’s been given and to walk with confidence.
Loving her height wasn’t always an easy thing to do. As a young girl， Aly was teased for her height and called "monster". This caused a lot of pain and struggle as she grew up and wrestled with how different she was from everyone around her. Ultimately， she realized that most people were searching for ways to stand out and be different， and here she was born with her own unique look！
These days， Aly is strong and confident. She focuses on holding her head up high. She also makes sure to surround herself with people who celebrate her strength and beauty. Aly’s boyfriend， Sean Webb， is 6 feet 4 inches tall and says they definitely get a lot of attention when they go out together and that it’s all good attention.
Many women struggle for years to own the body they’ve been given and walk with the confidence. There should be nothing standing in the way of allowing yourself to feel beautiful each and every day.
因为长得非常高，Aly在日常生活中面临着购买衣物的压力，也常因身高被嘲笑，她经历了很多痛苦和挣扎，但是最终她逐渐接受自己独特的身体，变得自信自爱。
1.What was special about Aly in kindergarten？
A. She was overweight.
B. She was shy and silent.
C. She wore too large shoes.
D. She was taller than her classmates.
解析 D 细节理解题。由第一段中的"When Aly Stosz was in kindergarten， she easily towered head-and-shoulders over the rest of her class"可知，Aly比她的同学高得多，故选D项。
2.Why does Aly feel stressed when shopping for clothes？
A. The clothes are too expensive for her.
B. It’s difficult to find clothes fit for her.
C. The items are too strange for her.
D. Others always watches her in a strange way.
解析 B 细节理解题。由第二段中的"Normal activities like shopping for clothes and shoes can be stressful for Aly because she struggles to find anything that fits properly on her"可知，本题选B项。
3.How did Aly become self-confident？
A. She accepted who she was.
B. She wrestled with herself.
C. She got on well with others.
D. She made a tall boyfriend.
解析 A 细节理解题。由第二段中的"But， through all of these struggles， Aly has learned to embrace the body she’s been given and to walk with confidence"和第三段中的"Ultimately， she realized that most people were searching for ways to stand out and be different， and here she was born with her own unique look！"可知，Aly逐渐接受了自己的身体，接受了自己独特的外貌，因此变得自信起来，故选A项。
4.What can we learn about Aly？
A. She prefers people who accept who she really is.
B. She is stronger than her boyfriend.
C. She is an indifferent person.
D. She believes everyone prefers to be different.
解析 A 推理判断题。由第四段中的"She also makes sure to surround herself with people who celebrate her strength and beauty"可知，Aly确保让欣赏其力量与美的人围绕在她的身边，也就是说她喜欢能接受真正的她的人，故选A项。
B
[2024广东佛山开学考]For me， a large part of growing from a girl into a woman was developing a hatred for my body. When I was a kid， I didn’t think about my body all that much. My attitudes towards my body changed around middle school when people were talking about staying "in shape" and going on diets. And thus I started to internalize the harmful standard that we have to look good all the time.
Looks are given far too much importance in our society. Women are supposed to look perfect all the time. We’re supposed to idolize （崇拜） celebrities who have far more time and money to spend on their appearance than the average person. It’s simply not attainable.
I love the idea of body positivity. I firmly believe that everyone should try to love themselves as much as possible. However， it’s almost impossible to love every part of your body all the time. Personally， I could never achieve that. It’s a good idea to promote body positivity in theory， but it also allows us to beat ourselves up because we don’t love ourselves all the time.
Body neutrality （中立） is a much more attainable goal. Body neutrality promotes the idea that your body is simply your body instead of thinking something is good or bad. This mentality is easier to achieve， and it doesn’t force you to try to love things you don’t love. We don’t need to love every part of our body — it’s just a body.
Another way to view your body is to be thankful for everything that it does for you rather than how it looks. For example， I am grateful that my body allows me to go skiing because I love skiing. This shift in mentality can be helpful because it focuses on your body’s ability to do things you love， instead of your appearance.
Ultimately， the ideal mentality is loving every part of your body all the time. However， the more realistic alternative is accepting your body for what it is and what it does for you. Love can come after， but neutrality is a good place to start.
作者大概在中学时改变了对外表的态度，建议我们爱自己身体的每一部分，接纳自己的身体和它带给我们的一切。
1.Why did the author change her attitude towards appearance around middle school？
A. Because she was influenced by others.
B. Because she began to dislike her body.
C. Because she thought it important to stay in shape.
D. Because she failed to meet her school’s standards.
解析 A 细节理解题。由第一段中的"My attitudes towards my body changed around middle school when people were talking about staying ‘in shape’ and going on diets. And thus I started to internalize the harmful standard that we have to look good all the time"可知，当别人开始谈论保持"身材"和节食的时候，作者对自己身体的态度发生改变，由此可知作者是受了别人的影响，故选A。
2.What is the author’s attitude towards body positivity？
A. Supportive. B. Doubtful.
C. Prejudiced. D. Indifferent.
解析 B 推理判断题。由第三段"I love the idea of body positivity. I firmly believe that everyone should try to love themselves as much as possible. However， it’s almost impossible to love every part of your body all the time. Personally， I could never achieve that. It’s a good idea to promote body positivity in theory， but it also allows us to beat ourselves up because we don’t love ourselves all the time"可推知，作者对身体积极性的态度是怀疑的，故选B。
3.What does body neutrality promote？
A. Pursuing perfection in terms of body image.
B. Trying to change your appearance constantly.
C. Loving every part of your body unconditionally.
D. Accepting your body as it is without judgment.
解析 D 细节理解题。由第四段中的"Body neutrality promotes the idea that your body is simply your body instead of thinking something is good or bad. This mentality is easier to achieve， and it doesn’t force you to try to love things you don’t love. We don’t need to love every part of our body — it’s just a body"可知，身体中立提倡的是客观地看待身体，也就是不加评判地接纳你的身体，故选D。
4.What is the suggested mentality towards your body？
A. Ignoring its limitations.
B. Focusing on appearance.
C. Being grateful for its capabilities.
D. Being critical of its imperfections.
解析 C 细节理解题。由最后一段"Ultimately， the ideal mentality is loving every part of your body all the time. However， the more realistic alternative is accepting your body for what it is and what it does for you. Love can come after， but neutrality is a good place to start"可知，本题选C。
二、七选五
[2024贵州适应性联考]
How to Feel More Attractive
Everyone wants to feel more attractive. You can start feeling more attractive by working on your thoughts or changing up your looks. 1 . Spending time on your hair or dressing you up will make you feel like your best， most attractive self.
Avoid comparing yourself to parisons always leave you feeling down because you focus on the best things about someone else and the worst things about yourself， making you come out at the bottom every time. You’ll end up setting unrealistic standards for yourself. However， these comparisons are not reality， so don’t let them emerge into your mind. 2 .
3 . If you want to feel more attractive， then you shouldn’t spend too much time with people who criticize others or themselves. For example， if your work colleague is constantly putting herself down or criticizing your appearance， try to find someone else to have lunch with. Removing sources of negativity can help boost your self-respect.
Wear clothes that make you feel attractive. Stop worrying about what others think you should be wearing. 4 . Try to strike a balance between comfort and style. Go for clothes that make you think， "I look good in this！" Donate or sell clothing that doesn’t make you feel attractive.
Work on your posture. Having good posture can help you feel more attractive and boost your confidence levels. Be aware of your posture and correct it when necessary. For example， make sure you stand up straight. 5 .
A. You should wear comfortable clothes
B. Stay away from overly critical people
C. Instead， focus on what makes you unique and amazing
D. Focus on outfits that make you feel good about yourself
E. When you walk， keep your head up and your shoulders back
F. Changing the way you think about yourself can help you feel attractive and confident
G. When you find yourself in the middle of a negative thought， stop the thought in its tracks
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了变得更有吸引力的方法。
1.F "You can start feeling more attractive by working on your thoughts or changing up your looks"与F选项（Changing the way you think about yourself can help you feel attractive and confident）吻合。
2.C 由主旨句"Avoid comparing yourself to others"可知，本段中心为不要跟别人比较，故C选项（相反，要专注于让你与众不同和令人惊叹的东西）符合语境。
3.B 由下文"If you want to feel more attractive， then you shouldn’t spend too much time with people who criticize others or themselves"可知，作者建议不要跟那些总是批判别人或自己的人待在一起，故B选项（远离过于挑剔的人）符合语境。
4.D 由主旨句"Wear clothes that make you feel attractive"和下文"Try to strike a balance between comfort and style. Go for clothes that make you think，‘I look good in this！’"可知，作者建议穿自己觉得舒适的衣服，然后在舒适度和风格上面达到平衡，D选项（专注于让你自我感觉良好的服装）符合语境。
5.E 由主旨句"Work on your posture"和"Be aware of your posture and correct it when necessary. For example， make sure you stand up straight"可知，作者建议要从身体姿态入手来变得更有吸引力，故E选项（走路时，抬头，双肩向后）符合语境。
三、完形填空
There’s a story about a proposed appointment in Lincoln’s cabinet （内阁）. One of his advisers urgently 1 a candidate and Lincoln declined. He was asked to give his reasons.
"I don’t like his face，" Lincoln explained 2 .
"But the poor man has no choice of his face，" the adviser insisted.
"Everyone over forty is 3 for his face，" Lincoln replied， and turned to the 4 of other matters.
Recently， at the 5 of my publisher， I had some photos taken. It was a long time since I had 6 him a new one. I don’t enjoy the process of being photographed. I 7 the photos with one taken 25 years ago， and my vanity 8 an acute pain at the thought of being presented to the public as I am today. What 9 to me first was to have the photos "touched up" （修饰）， though I have never "touched up" my own 10 or hair. I have always believed that women who did this cheated no one except themselves. As I 11 considered the photos， I knew that a still more important principle was involved.
25 years of living should put a great deal into a woman’s face besides a few 12 . In that length of time she has become acquainted with pain and pleasure， joy and sorrow， life and death. She has 13 and survived， failed and succeeded. And， as a result， she should be wiser， gentler， more patient and more tolerant. She runs the 14 of destroying the imprint （印痕） of experience and character if she tries to remove the imprint of age.
I know I’m more 15 than I was 25 years ago and I hope I have more character. I released the pictures as they were.
美丽的容颜不是不老的容颜。让智慧、高雅、耐心和度量等充满你的灵魂，你才能拥有能与时间抗衡的美丽！
1.A. reported B. encouraged
C. recommended D. appointed
解析 C 结合关键词a proposed appointment可知C项切题，recommend 推荐，举荐。
2.A. unwillingly B. wisely
C. curiously D. briefly
解析 D 由林肯简单直接的回答不难看出，D项符合语境，briefly简短地，简要地。
3.A. well-known B. responsible
C. desperate D. concerned
解析 B 年过40 的人都应对自己的脸负责。be responsible for...对……负责。
4.A. discussion B. shortcoming
C. advantage D. protection
解析 A 此处指林肯回复完顾问后转而去讨论其他问题了，故选A项，discussion讨论。
5.A. thought B. sight
C. service D. request
解析 D 最近，在出版人的要求下，我拍了些照片。at the request of 在……的要求下，应……的要求。
6.A. provided B. offered
C. supplied D. returned
解析 B 我已经很久没给他新照片了。offer sb. sth. 给某人某物。
7.A. matched B. combined
C. compared D. connected
解析 C 此处指"我将这些照片和25年前的一张照片对比了一下"，故选C项，compare sth. with sth.对比……和……。
8.A. suffered B. enjoyed
C. achieved D. witnessed
解析 A 一想到我要以现在的容貌面对公众，我的虚荣心遭受了剧痛。suffer表示"蒙受，遭受"，符合语境。
9.A. struck B. belonged
C. happened D. occurred
解析 D 此处指"我首先想到的是把照片修饰一下"，故选D项，occur to sb. 某人（突然）想到。
10.A. mind B. face
C. reputation D. pride
解析 B 此处指"尽管我从未‘修饰’过自己的脸和头发"，故本题选B项，face脸。
11.A. carefully B. sincerely
C. purposely D. accidentally
解析 A 面对这些照片，细思之下，我觉得这其中涉及着一个更重要的原则。A项符合语境，carefully仔细地，细心地。
12.A. hairs B. masks
C. surfaces D. wrinkles
解析 D 25 年的生活在女人脸上除了留下了一些皱纹之外，还会留下更多的东西。wrinkle（皱纹）符合语境。
13.A. escaped B. betrayed
C. struggled D. celebrated
解析 C 她挣扎过并挺了过来，她失败过也成功过。结合句意和后边的"failed and succeeded"可知，本题选C，struggle挣扎，抗争。
14.A. benefit B. possibility
C. chance D. risk
解析 D 如果她试图抹去岁月的痕迹，同时她也就冒了毁掉经验与勇气的印痕的风险。run the risk of...冒……的风险。
15.A. experienced B. familiar
C. different D. disappointed
解析 A 我知道自己比 25 年前更有经验。experienced与上段最后一句中的experience对应。
