Unit 6 Nature in words
Now the overuse of mobile phones has affected the health of young people. Our school insisted that mobile phones bebanned in our school. At first we students felt upset and puzzled at the rule. By the time we found good results in our studies， we realized the importance of the ban. We devoted ourselves to enhancing our studiesrather than playing games online. And the improvement in our grades at school in turn made us more passionate about study. Also， our school acquired a good reputation for strict discipline.
1 insistvt.&vi. 坚称，坚决认为；坚持主张，坚决要求
1.[人教选必②－3]For example， scientists have insisted for years that a big enemy of health is （be） fatty food.
2.[北师必修③－9]I kept telling him that I knew the way myself， but he insisted on taking （take） me there.
3.老师坚决要求我们充分利用每一分钟为期末考试做好准备。
→① The teacher insisted on our/us making full use of every minute to get well prepared for the final exam. （insist on）
→② The teacher insisted that we（should） make full use of every minute to get well prepared for the final exam. （insist that...）
★insist on/upon （sb./sb.’s） doing sth. 坚决要求（某人）做某事
★insist that...
①表示"坚持主张，坚决要求"时，从句用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用"（should＋）动词原形"。
②表示"坚称，坚决认为"时，从句用陈述语气。
2 banvt.（banned，banned，banning）禁止，取缔 n.禁令
1.The restaurant has banned diners from taking photos.
点拨
"禁止某人做某事"的近义短语：prohibit sb. from doing sth.； forbid sb. to do sth./from doing sth.
2.The region will become the world’s largest marine protected area， with bans on fishing， mining and marine farming.
3.禁止学生带手机进学校的规章引起了学生激烈的讨论。
The regulation that bans students from bringing cell phones into school has aroused a heated debate among students.
★ban sth.禁止某物/某事
ban sb. from （doing）sth.禁止某人（做）某事
★a ban on...对……的禁令
3 puzzledadj. 困惑的，无法理解的
1.The students are puzzled at/about/by the works of modern art on the wall because they are too abstract.
2.The way in which he did the experiment was puzzling （puzzle） to other people.
3.这部戏最让我困惑的是，我们该如何为不同的角色使用合适的舞台语言。
What puzzles me most about the play is how we should use proper stage languages for different roles.
4.困惑又恐惧，简尽她最大努力去呼喊救命。（读后续写之情绪描写）
Puzzled and terrified， Jane tried her best to cry for help. （形容词短语作状语）
★be puzzled about/by/at...对……感到困惑
★puzzle v.使困惑，使迷惑n.不解之谜
puzzling adj.令人迷惑的
★puzzlement n.迷惑，困惑
in puzzlement迷惑地
4 reputationn.名誉，名望
1.He realised that his roles in these films had given him the opportunity to be a real-life superman， and he soon gained a reputation for raising awareness of good causes（因提高人们对慈善事业的认识而获得了声誉）.
2.I’d apply for this university， which has a good academic reputation （它拥有良好的学术声誉）.
3.As a teacher， he has a reputation for being patient and responsible （以耐心和负责著称）.（人物塑造）
★have a reputation for... 以……著称
acquire/gain/win/build a reputation（for...）（因……）获得/赢得/树立声誉
damage/ruin one’s reputation有损/毁掉某人的声誉
live up to one’s reputation名副其实
5 ratherthan而不是
1.They said the young man，rather than the passengers， was （be） responsible for the incident.
2.从现在开始，我要更注意我的健康而不是体重。
From now on，I’ll pay more attention to my health rather than my weight.
3.有些学生宁愿与其他人合住，也不愿跟父母住在家里。
→①Some students would share a room with others rather than live at home with their parents. （would do...rather than do...）
→②Some students would rather share a room with others than live at home with their parents. （would rather do... than do...）
→③Some students prefer to share a room with others rather than live at home with their parents. （prefer to do...rather than do...）
★rather than连接的两个并列成分作主语时，谓语与rather than前面的成分在人称和数上保持一致。
★表示"宁愿做……也不愿做……"的句型：would do...rather than do...；
would rather do...than do...；
prefer to do...rather than do...。
★other than 除了
6 bythetime引导的时间状语从句
1.By the time we arrived at the conference hall， the lecture had begun （begin）.
2.By the time the famous pianist turns thirty， he will have played （play） the piano for more than twenty years.
3.When Helen Keller was seven years old she still couldn’t speak， read or write.
→ By the time Helen Keller was seven years old she still couldn’t speak， read or write.
★by the time意为"到……时候为止"，引导时间状语从句时，在句中通常起连词作用，主从句时态如下：
从句（一般过去时）—主句（过去完成时）；
从句（一般现在时）—主句（一般将来时或将来完成时）。
★如果主句的动作并不强调已经完成，它只是显示了某一时期的情况，by the time相当于when。Unit 5 Learning from nature
After graduation from university， Iwithdrewsome money from the bank and left home for New York， where I took it for granted that I might have a better chance to find a good job. At first， I worked as a waiter in a local café. Though reluctant， I had to do this job to pay my bills. But as long as I attained a good position， I wouldresignat once. However， after six months， I still did not get employed by any of my dream companies. Apparently， I had difficulty seeking better solutions to making a living in the city， let alone finding a job giving me fulfilment. After nine months of depressive life， I eventually decided to depart the city for my small town where I felt peaceful and at ease.
1 employvt.使用，运用，应用；雇用
1.[人教选必④－5]Try to volunteer in a field that you are interested in， as this may help your future career and make future employers （employ） respect you more.
2.Given the fast pace of the job market now， employees （employ） in the 21st century are faced with challenges that their parents never experienced.
3.There are many new skills that will be useful for your employment in the future （对你将来就业有用）.
4.They were busy taking pictures while amazed at the purple and pink sunset setting fire to the clouds on the horizon.（景色描写）
→They were employed in taking pictures while amazed at the purple and pink sunset setting fire to the clouds on the horizon. （词汇升级）
★employ sb. as...雇用某人任……
be employed in doing sth.忙于做某事
★employee n. [C]受雇者，雇工，雇员
employer n. [C]雇用者，雇主，老板
employment n. [U，C]工作，职业，受雇[U]就业；雇用
unemployment n. [U]失业，失业人数
2 withdrawv.（使）退出；（使）撤回，撤离；提，取（银行账户中的款）；收回，撤销（说过的话）
1.结合语境写出下列句子中画线部分的含义
①Your ID card is required when you want to withdraw money in a bank. 提，取（银行账户中的款）
②The leader promised to support the plan， so you can’t withdraw now. 退出
③The only two exits of the big building were not enough for so many people to withdraw in a hurry. 撤离
2.听说你退赛了，我感到非常遗憾。（慰问信）
I’m sorry to hear that you withdrew from the match .
点拨
withdraw本身已经包含了"……回"之意，故不能再和back连用，用法类似的动词还有return， repay等。另外，考生需注意withdraw的过去式和过去分词分别是withdrew， withdrawn。
★withdraw（...）from...（使……）从……退出；（使……）从……撤回
withdraw money from...从……取款
3 resignv.使自己顺从于（做）某事；安于；辞职，辞去（某职务）
1.[人教选必④－4]One of my dreams is to work in Africa and continue to help the disabled after I resign from my job.
2.Rowan resigned as secretary and started his own company.
3.我们最后只好接受失败。
We had to resign ourselves to （accepting） the failure at last .
★resign oneself to 听任，只好接受，顺从
resign as... 辞去……的职务
resign from...从……辞职
4 easen.舒适，悠闲；容易 vi.&vt.（使）宽慰，减轻，缓解
1.[译林选必②－3]Hold burnt skin under cool running water for several minutes， until the pain eases/is eased （ease）.
点拨
ease表示"（使）减轻，缓解"时，既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词。常与ease搭配使用的名词有worry， pain， pressure， burden， stress等。
2.如果你每天坚持用英语写日记，你会轻松地提高你的写作能力。（建议信）
If you keep a diary in English every day， you can improve your writing skill with ease .
3.考试前，我的老师面带灿烂的微笑，让我们感到放松。（人物描写）
Before the examination， my teacher wore a bright smile on his face，
putting us at ease/making us feel at ease . （v-ing作结果状语）
★at ease舒适，自由自在
put sb. at ease使某人放松
feel at ease感到放松
with ease轻易地，毫不费力地（＝easily）
★ease one’s mind使某人安心
5 take...forgranted认为……理所当然；对……不予重视
1.不要把父母为你做的事情当作理所当然。
Don’t take what your parents do for you for granted.
2.根本没人认真对待我的投诉，真让我恼火。
It really annoys me that no one takes my complaint seriously. （it作形式主语）
3.我们总是理所当然地认为地球可以为我们提供无穷无尽的自然资源，因此我们滥用资源。
We always take it for granted that the Earth can provide us with limitless natural resources ，so we overuse the resources. （it作形式宾语）
★take it for granted that...表示"想当然地认为……，认为……理所当然"，其中it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面that引导的从句。
★take sth. seriously 认真对待某事
take it easy 别着急；放轻松
take...for example 拿……举例
词根-ject-
通过构词法猜测单词在语境中的含义。
1.A loud noise came from a butcher’s stand， where a lady accused him of injecting water into the pork and asked for the money back. 注射
点拨
inject＝in-（进入）＋-ject（投）→投进去→注射
2.He listened thoughtfully， and only interjected when I was bringing up the question of funds. 打断
点拨
interject＝inter-（＝between在……之间）＋-ject（投）→投到……之间→打断
3.A number of youths were ejected from the library for causing trouble. 驱逐，赶出
点拨
eject＝e-（向外）＋-ject（扔）→驱逐，赶出Unit 4 A glimpse of the future
Is artificial intelligence（AI） the biggest threat to humanity？
Millenniumbutterfly has got his own super-smart personal assistant built into his phone. Most of the time when he isdesperate for solutions to some problems the PA is bound to give him proper recommendations. And speaking of hanging out， he thinks self-driving cars are a lot safer， since they won’t be susceptible to human error.
In the eyes of Popkid， the truth is that none of us is prepared to go through the challenges presented by AI. If AI thinks we’re not valuable， it might wipe us all out！ Though self-driving cars bring convenience， we should think about the demand of the taxi drivers who may lose their jobs.
Pink_haze believes most of the value of AI lies in its capacity to analyse and interpret vast amounts of data， but super-intelligent AI could also be the most dangerous if it goes wrong or falls into the wrong hands. However， no one can stop the trend. We have no choice but to embrace AI and regulate it.
1 capacityn.能力；容量
1.[译林选必②－4]Facial recognition technology， with its capacity to analyse （analyse） a huge amount of data， has come into widespread use.
点拨
capacity"能力"是抽象名词，其后常用不定式作后置定语。有类似用法的抽象名词还有：ability，desire，ambition，attempt，chance，determination，eagerness等。
2.我能说一口流利的英语，与外国游客交流没有困难。（自荐信）
→① With the capacity to speak/for speaking fluent English ， I have no difficulty communicating with foreign visitors.（with复合结构）
→② Capable of speaking fluent English ， I have no difficulty communicating with foreign visitors.（形容词短语作状语）
★have a capacity to do sth./for （doing）sth.有做某事的能力（＝be able to do sth.＝have the ability to do sth.）
★capable adj.有能力的
be capable of有……的能力
2 demandn.需要，需求；要求 vt.强烈要求；需要
1.[译林选必③－2]The routine tasks that occupy most of the day are demanding （demand）， but they can also be extremely rewarding.
2.The government is unlikely to agree to the rebels’ demands for independence.
3.My father came downstairs and demanded to know （know） what was going on.
点拨
demand不能用于demand sb. to do sth. 结构；"向某人要某物"不能用demand sb. sth.结构，要用demand sth. of/from sb.结构。
4.As new members are in great demand in our basketball club， I’m writing to invite you to join it.（邀请信）
5.因为摘苹果需要爬树，农民们要求我们小心谨慎一些。 （活动报道）
Because picking apples involved climbing trees， the farmers demanded that we （should） be careful and cautious .
6.据说像这样的中文培训课程将会满足你的需求。
It is said that such a Chinese training course will meet/satisfy your demand .
★be in （great） demand 需求量（很）大
meet/satisfy one’s demand（s）（for sth.）满足某人（对某物）的需求/要求
★强烈要求做某事：
demand to do sth.
demand that ... （should） do sth.（从句用虚拟语气）
★demanding adj. 要求高的；难满足的
3 desperateadj. 拼命的；绝望的，孤注一掷的；非常需要
1.[北师选必①－1]My friends try to drag me away from my phone， but as soon as I’m alone again， I’m desperate to get （get） back to the online world and the intense activity that it provides.
2.Having walked for half an hour in such hot weather， I was desperate for a cold drink.
3.Faced with this serious problem， David took a deep breath， desperately （desperate） trying to keep calm.（读后续写之情绪描写）
4.我们从小就被教育要向那些迫切需要帮助的人伸出援助之手。
We’ve been educated to offer a helping hand to those who are in desperate need of help/who are desperately in need of help since we are very young.（need n.）
5.我渴望尽快找到解决这个问题的办法。
I am desperate to find a solution to the problem as quickly as possible.
点拨
表示"渴望某物/做某事"的短语还有：be eager for sth./be eager to do sth.， be anxious for sth./be anxious to do sth.， long for sth./long to do sth.， be dying for sth./be dying to do sth.等。
★be desperate for sth.迫切需要某物
be desperate to do sth.渴望做某事
★desperately adv.绝望地；拼命地；非常
★in desperation 绝望
4 hangout闲荡，常去某处
1.Better not hang out/around with Sam then. He is working on his article on critical thinking.
2.It is often the case that anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.
3.I’m sorry I have to hang up now. Someone is knocking at the door.
4.I think they’re lying because parts of their story just don’t hang together .
5.偶尔和朋友出去玩可以帮助释放学习或工作中的压力。（v-ing作主语）（建议信）
Occasionally hanging out with friends can help release the pressure from study or work.
点拨
补充知识：hang有两组动词变化，hang表示"悬挂；垂下"时，它的动词变化为hang—hung—hung；但是，表示"（被）绞死，施以绞刑"时，它的动词变化为hang—hanged—hanged。
★hang up挂断电话；终止使用
hang on 稍等一会；抓紧；（在逆境中）坚持，不放弃
hang on to sth. 抓紧某物；保留；不卖掉；不放弃
hang around闲荡，逗留
hang together同心协力；形成一致、连贯的整体
5 gothrough仔细察看，检查，审查；经历，遭受（苦难等）；阅读，审阅
结合语境写出下列句子中画线部分的含义
1.Go through those things that seem impossible， and achieve what we never believed we could.
经历
2.You had better go through your homework again to make sure that nothing important has been left out. 检查
3.Going through the newspaper in the morning is my grandpa’s habit. 阅读
4.The biologist went through a lot of difficulties while she stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 20 years. 遭受（苦难等）
6 though引导的让步状语从句
1.虽然那天我很累，但他们的笑容让我感觉所有努力都是值得的。（读后续写之心理描写）
Though I was very tired that day/Very tired though I was that day ， their smiles made me feel all the efforts were rewarding.
2.Though the activity is challenging， I am convinced that all the participants will benefit a lot from it.
→ Challenging though the activity is ， I am convinced that all the participants will benefit a lot from it.（倒装结构）
★though 引导的状语从句也可用倒装语序，其结构为"表语形容词/副词/动词/名词/分词＋though＋主语＋be/实义动词/情态动词/助动词"。若提前的表语是可数名词单数，要省略冠词。Unit 3 War and peace
Years ago，violence broke out in this small African country， which eventually turned into a horror. Constant frictions emergedbetween government troops and local armed forces， leaving people in endless suffering. At the invitation of the international community， China， who is alwayskeeping to the principle of world peace，had confidence in its ability to provide help and sent peacekeepers to this country. They wore peacekeepers’uniform， carried weapons and stopped violent incidents. They fulfilled theirobjective and meanwhile made outstanding contributions to the peace and stability of the country. Their efforts and dedication won widespread praise already. The commander of UN peacekeeping missions spoke highly of the quality and role of Chinese peacekeeping forces， and awarded them a sum of money for their contributions.
1 objectiven.目的，目标 adj. 客观的
1.I believe that a journalist should be completely objective （object）.
2.When something bad occurs， it usually takes time to cool down and look at what has happened objectively （objective）.
3.Many local people disagreed with the building of the new airport.
→Many local people objected to the building of the new airport. （词汇升级）
4.为了丰富我们的校园生活，我们学校下周日将举办歌唱比赛。（通知）
Our school will hold a singing competition next Sunday with the objective/object of enriching our campus life .
★objectively adv.客观地
★object n.物品；目标 v.不同意，反对
object to sb./sth. 不赞成某人或某事
object to （sb.）doing sth. 反对（某人）做某事
with the object/objective of...目标是……
2 emergevi.出现，露出；显露；（从困境或苦难经历中）幸存下来，摆脱出来
1.They both saw a man with a long white beard emerge from the woods.
2.The emergence （emerge） of new digital technologies has changed the way people communicate.
3.大约十分钟后，一辆出租车从街角出现，停在我们旁边。
(
★emerge from...
从
……
出现
/
显露出来；从
……
中摆脱出来
★emergence
n
.
出现，显现；
（
困境的
）
摆脱
) About ten minutes later， a taxi emerged from the corner and stopped by us.
3 sumn.金额，款项；总数，总和；全部 vt.总结 vi.共计
1.The speech you delivered just now accurately summed up the present situation of the economy.
2.总之，为了身体健康，你必须经常锻炼并停止熬夜。（建议信）
To sum up ， for a healthy body you must take regular exercise and stop staying up.
3.这位老兵向慈善机构捐赠了一大笔钱，该机构致力于为贫困儿童提供教育。
The old soldier donated a large sum of money to a charity ， which was committed to providing education for poor children.
★a large/small sum of money一大笔钱/少量的钱
★sum up总结，概括
to sum up＝to summarize总之
4 have（...）confidencein信赖……，对……有信心
1.It would be a great idea to dress neatly and talk politely and confidently （confident） in the interview to create a favourable impression on the interviewer.
2.By giving kids a lot of praise， parents think they are building their children’s confidence （confident）.
3.We should be confident of the economic prospect of our country and have confidence in the ability of our people.
4.只有当你对自己有信心时你才能成功！（建议信）
Only when you have confidence in yourself can you succeed！ （倒装句）
点拨
表达"相信，对……有信心"的短语还有：have faith in， trust in， believe in等。
★confident adj.自信的，有信心的；肯定的，有把握的
be confident of sth.对某事有把握/有信心
be confident＋that从句对某事有把握/有信心
★confidently adv.自信地，有信心地
5 keepto遵守（或信守、履行）诺言
用keep的相关短语完成句子
1.If you want to cooperate with us， you must keep to the agreement.
点拨
keep to意为 "遵守（或信守、履行）诺言"，其中to为介词，其后常跟plan， agreement， promise等名词作宾语。
2.While he once felt like giving up， he now has the determination to push further and keep on going.
3.You must keep in mind that skill comes with practice.
4.Continuous learning will be necessary to keep up with the pace of change.
5.We have asked the neighbors to keep an eye on the house for us while we are away.
★keep...in mind 记住……
keep...off... 使……不接近（或不接触、远离）……
keep up with跟上
keep away from 勿靠近，远离
keep an eye on照看，留意
keep in touch with sb.与某人保持联系
keep on doing sth.继续做某事
6 动词不定式（短语）作后置定语
1.[人教必修②－3]She realised that one of the greatest benefits of the Internet was its ability to remove （remove） the distance that usually exists between people.
2.Amazingly， Li is the first Asian player to receive （receive） the sport’s ultimate honor.
3.There was no signal in that faraway village and all my attempts to contact （contact） you failed.
4.我个人认为，我是从事这项工作的最佳人选。（自荐信）
Personally， I think I am the best person to take up the job .
★当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级、the next/only/last等修饰或限定时，常用动词不定式作后置定语。
★动词不定式作后置定语常用来修饰抽象名词，常见的这类名词有：way， time，ability， chance， ambition， anxiety， attempt等。Unit 2 A life’s work
We usuallyassociate ancient Greek civilisation， which dates back to about 3000 BC， with the faraway prosperous capital city， Athens， the symbol of which is the Acropolis. The Acropolis is one of the grandest and most precious historic sites in the world and is highly acclaimed by people.
However， throughout history， the architecture hasn’t avoided damage. To preservethe historic site， the Greek government appointed a committee to take on the restoration work with the ambition to reproduce its timeless glory. The job seemed uncomplicated， but actually it was the complete opposite. Nonetheless， people never back down and have been working hard to protect their treasure.
1 preservevt.维护，保护；保存；保全 n.（动植物）保护区
1.Studies show that social activities usually preserve old people from loneliness.
2.The old tower is in good preservation （preserve） except forthe wooden floors.
★preserve...from...保护……免受……
nature preserves 自然保护区
★well-preserved adj.保护良好的
★preservation n.维护；保持；保养的程度
2 associatev.与……有关；联想，联系；交往 n.同事，伙伴
1.[北师选必①－1]I have a never-ending flow of messages and updates from all the people I associate with online.
2.[外研选必③－2]Yet they did not seek fame， and even today， their great works are associated （associate） more with the imperial court than with them.
3.[北师选必③－7]People are often mistaken in thinking that those with high IQs always have high EQs as well.This association （associate） can exist， but it is just as possible for someone with a low IQ to have a high EQ...
4.很多严重的健康问题与吸烟有关。
→①There are many serious health problems which are associated with smoking .（定语从句）
→②There are many serious health problems associated with smoking .（形容词短语作定语）
→③There are many serious health problems in association with smoking .（介词短语作定语）
★associate...with...把……和……联系在一起
associate with sb.与某人交往
★associated adj.相关的；有联系的
be associated with...和……有关
★association n.联合，交往；联想；协会，社团
in association with...与……合伙/合作；与……有关联
3 datebackto追溯到
1.Of course， showing respect and admiration to elders is a Chinese tradition dating （date） back to ancient times.
2.这个旅游景点位于我村东部，可追溯到15世纪。
The tourist attraction， which/that dates from the 15th century或dating from the 15th century ， lies to the east of my village.
3.京剧可以追溯到18世纪，已经有200多年的历史了。（中国文化）
Dating back to the 18th century， Peking Opera has a history of over two hundred years. （date back to，分词作状语）
★date back to＝date from＝go back to，三者均没有被动语态，常用于一般现在时，不用于进行时态，作定语或状语时常用v-ing形式。
★date back to和date from后接时间点，date back 后接时间段，可以与go back 互换。
4 takeon承担；雇用；呈现
1.结合语境写出下列句子中画线部分的含义
①The village has taken on a new look thanks to the good economic policies from the government.
呈现
②No other organisation was able or willing to take on this tough task. 承担
③He interviewed for a job in a publishing firm. They’re going to take him on because he is pretty qualified. 雇用
2.Take down the important points in class so that you can go over the points after class.
3.I’m going to take a week off and Briggs will take over the business when I’m away.
4.布鲁斯迅速脱下外套，跳进河里去救溺水的孩子。（读后续写之动作描写）
Taking off his coat quickly ， Bruce jumped into the river to save the drowning child.
★take up占用；开始从事；接受（建议或挑战）
take off 脱下；起飞；事业腾飞；休假
take in 吸收；理解；收留；欺骗
take over 接管，接任
take down写下，记下；拆除
take apart 拆开，拆散
5 强调句型
1.It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house that we saw Lily in the passenger seat.
2.Sometimes it is your efforts not your intelligence that determine （determine） your achievement.
点拨
强调主语时，that或who后面的谓语动词的形式应与被强调的主语保持一致。本题中，被强调的是主语your efforts not your intelligence，主语的中心词为efforts，谓语动词应与其在数上保持一致。
3.正是在你的慷慨帮助下，我才能尽快适应了大学生活。（感谢信）
It was with your generous help that I adapted to the college life as quickly as possible.
4.She didn’t know about China’s rich history and culture until she travelled to China last year.
→① It was not until she travelled to China last year that she came to know about China’s rich history and culture. （not until的强调句）
→② Not until she travelled to China last year did she come to know about China’s rich history and culture. （not until的倒装句）
★基本结构：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分.
★not until的强调句：It is/was＋not until＋被强调部分＋that＋其他成分.
★被强调部分：主语、宾语、表语、状语等
★如何判断强调句型：去掉It is/was以及that/who之后，剩下的部分仍是完整的句子Unit 1 Face values
As I studied in Sydney as a graduate student， I made a great effort to support myself. Neither did I have money nor time to care about my appearance. My roommates even asked me one day in the dormitory why I wore the same clothes every day. I didn’t tell them that I only had three identical shirts and three identical pairs of trousers. With my savings running out， I acknowledgedthat I was worried and anxious. One day， I was preparing for an interview for a part-time job with pretty high salaries when my loyal friends， my roommates offered to dress me up. I didn’t want to botheranyone and pretended that everything was fine. They insisted， however. After the makeover， I changed from head to toe. I saw myself for the first time as a handsome man， which greatly boosted my confidence. As a result， I made it in the interview and got the job. Words couldn’t express my heartfelt thanks to my roommates and I decided to repay them with more concern for them. On that day， I realised the outward beauty could be an expression of our personalities， helping us make a good impression on others.
1 pretendvi.&vt.假装，装作
1.[人教必修①－3]A soccer player should not pretend to fall （fall） down even if it helps his/her team.
2.Jack pretended to be doing his homework （假装正在写作业） when his mom came back home from work. （读后续写之动作描写）
3.她假装很淡定，可脸上的表情却将她的心绪暴露无遗。（读后续写之情绪描写）
→① She pretended that she wasn’t excited ， but the expression on her face was a dead giveaway.（that从句）
→② She pretended not to be excited ， but the expression on her face was a dead giveaway.（不定式）
点拨
pretend后接宾语从句与其后接不定式可以互相转换，但有一个前提：宾语从句的主语与主句的主语相同（本题中，主语均是She）。
★pretend to be＋n./adj. 假装是……
pretend to do sth./to be doing sth./to have done sth. 假装做某事/正在做某事/做过某事
pretend＋that 从句假装……
2 bothervt.&vi.（使）苦恼；烦扰；花费时间或精力（做某事） n.麻烦；令人烦恼的事/人
1.[人教选必①－4]However， if a student does not bother to brush/brushing （brush） her hair and her eyes are red from weeping， then I can infer that there are deeper issues at work.
2.At the time， the company’s manager did not expect this deal to be too much of a bother.
点拨
bother作名词，意为"令人烦恼的事/人"时，为可数名词；意为"麻烦"时，为不可数名词。
3.你没有必要为这样的小事烦恼。（劝慰信）
There is no need for you to bother yourself with/about such small things .
4.Although I have been working hard， I can’t keep up with others， which bothers me greatly.
→①Although I have been working hard， it bothers me greatly that I can’t keep up with others.（it作形式主语）
→②Although I have been working hard， what bothers me greatly is that I can’t keep up with others.（what引导的主语从句）
★bother sb.with/about sth.为某事打扰/麻烦某人
It bothers sb.that.../to do sth.使某人苦恼的是……/做某事使某人苦恼
★bother doing/to do sth.花费时间或精力做某事
bother about/with sth.为某事花费时间或精力
3 acknowledgevt.承认（事实或情况）；认可（某人的成就、地位或品质）；（公开）感谢
1.Traditional Chinese medicine is widely acknowledged to be （be） effective in many chronic diseases.
2.I was sent a free copy in acknowledgement （acknowledge） of my contribution.
3.I greatly thank you for your help you have given me.
→I greatly acknowledge your help you have given me.（词汇升级）
点拨
表示"感谢"除了可以用thank sb. for sth.外，还可以用acknowledge/appreciate sth.， be grateful to sb. for sth.。
4.People widely think that the shortest distance between persons is a sincere smile.
→ It’s widely acknowledged that the shortest distance between persons is a sincere smile. （it作形式主语）
★acknowledge... as/to be...认为……是……
It’s （universally/widely） acknowledged that... ……是大家公认的。
★acknowledgement n.承认；（公开的）感谢
in acknowledgement of...以感谢……
4 makeanefforttodosth.努力做某事（＝makeeffortstodosth.）
1.[外研选必②－6]More governments and organisations are making efforts to educate （educate） the public on the Red Planet...
2.They tried their best to protect the environment around the town. （环境保护）
→They made every effort/spared no effort to protect the environment around the town. （词汇升级）
点拨
表示"全力以赴做某事"的表达还有：try/do one’s best to do sth.， do all that sb.can to do sth.， do what sb.can to do sth.。
3.人生是一个不断奋斗的过程，没有人可以毫不费力地取得成功。（读后续写之主旨升华）
Life is a continuous process of fighting and no one can achieve success without effort .
★make every effort to do sth./spare no effort （to do sth.）全力以赴做某事/不遗余力（做某事）
in an effort to do sth.为了做某事
with （an） effort 费力地
without effort 轻松地，不费力地
5 as引导的从句
1.我的所有队员都对这次比赛感到兴奋，因为我们对计算机编程有着极大的热情。（活动介绍）
All my team members are excited about this competition as we have great enthusiasm for computer programming .
点拨
本句中as引导原因状语从句。与because相比，as语气较弱，所表达的原因比较明显，或是已知的事实。
2.虽然我们很累，但我们感到很放松，也变得更喜爱运动。（活动介绍）
Tired as we were ， we felt relaxed and we became more passionate about sports.
点拨
本句中as引导让步状语从句，从句需要倒装，把表语提到as之前。可以引导让步状语从句的还有while，although和though。while引导让步状语从句时，位于句首；although引导让步状语从句时，从句不可倒装；though引导让步状语从句时，从句可倒装也可不倒装。
3.我们都知道，天下没有免费的午餐。
As we all know/As is known to us all， there is no free lunch in this world.
点拨
本句中as引导非限制性定语从句，表示"正如，像"。通常用于as sb. puts it， as we all know， as is known to all， as it is， as is said above， as is mentioned above， as is usual， as is often the case， as is reported in the newspaper等句式中。
4.然而，随着比赛的进行，我变得非常疲惫，再也跟不上其他选手了。（比赛过程）
However， as the race went on ， I became extremely tired and couldn’t keep up with other racers any more.
5.汤姆很聪明，他完全按照老师教他的做了。
Tom was so intelligent that he did exactly as the teacher had taught him .
★as引导非限制性定语从句，表示"正如，像"，指代整个主句，在非限制性定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，从句可位于句首、句中或句末，通常用逗号与主句隔开。
★as引导原因状语从句，表示"因为"。
★as引导让步状语从句，表示"尽管，虽然"。从句一般位于主句之前，从句需要倒装，即将副词、表语形容词、分词、名词、动词提到句首。
★as引导时间状语从句，表示"随着"。
★as引导方式状语从句，表示"依照，正如"。
★as引导比较状语从句的基本结构就是as...as。前一个as是副词；后一个as引导比较状语从句，表示"像……一样"。
