Unit 6 Space and beyond
Ⅰ.语法填空——词形转换、固定搭配
1.[2023新高考Ⅱ]Across the 320 submissions （submit）， a pattern of categories the researchers call a "nature language" began to emerge.
2.[2020 天津]Jones’ idea has been fully realized — the "HAPPY TO CHAT" benches help break down the invisible （visible） social barrier that keeps people from saying hello.
3.[浙江高考]However， instead of devoting themselves to their work， they find themselves working to support the lifestyle to which they have so quickly become accustomed.
点拨
此处为"介词＋which"引导的定语从句，介词to与从句中的become accustomed 为固定搭配，故此处填to。
Ⅱ.阅读理解——一词多义、熟词生义
1.A. 脱下 B.拿出去 C. （事业等）突然成功
①[2021浙江]Last week she walked up to the store， but when she went to pay for her groceries， she was short about three dollars.The only way to pay for the groceries was to take off the things she could do without： a bottle of rubbing alcohol（医用酒精） and a bar of soap. B
②[全国Ⅱ]I took off my T-shirt and dived into the water.I saw there were two instructors on board and a man lying across the middle. A
③[江苏高考]Many businesses started up by college students have taken off thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation. C
2.[浙江高考]The line segment（线段） goes up between Day 1 and Day 2， which means that the bird flew farther on Day 2.If the line segment angled down， as between Day 4 and Day 5， it would mean that the bird flew fewer kilometers than the day before. v.斜移，斜置
Ⅲ.写作——基础写作
基础写作——太空探索讨论
最近，你班同学就"太空是否值得探索"这一话题展开了一场讨论，请你写一篇报道向你校英语报投稿，介绍讨论的情况，内容包括：
1.列举双方论点及论据；
2.你的看法。
◎写作要点
1.近年来，航天飞机相继被送入太空。（space shuttle）
Space shuttles have been sent into space one after the other in recent years.
2.人类在太空探索方面取得了惊人的成就。（awesome）
Humans have made awesome achievements in space exploration.
3.许多我们日常生活中司空见惯的技术最初是为太空探索而开发的。（become accustomed to）
Many technologies we become so accustomed to in our daily life are originally developed for space exploration.
4.我认为，无论成本如何，太空探索都是必要的，我们迟早会从中受益。（notion）
I have the notion that， no matter what the cost is， space exploration is necessary and we will benefit from it sooner or later.
5.也许有一天太空旅行会成为一件普通的事情。（unexceptional）
Maybe one day space travel will become an unexceptional thing.
◎连句成篇
请运用恰当的连接词将以上写作要点串联成一篇语意连贯的短文。
With space shuttles having been sent into space one after the other in recent years， humans have made awesome achievements in space exploration.Thus， our class has held a debate on whether space exploration is worthwhile.
Some students think space exploration is worthless.So distant is the project from our daily life that we may never get the chance to enjoy the outcome.
However，some believe that it is worthwhile because it may solve the population problem in the future.Moreover， space exploration can also advance some modern technology.Many technologies we become so accustomed to in our daily life are originally developed for space exploration.
I have the notion that， no matter what the cost is，space exploration is necessary and we will benefit from it sooner or later.Maybe one day space travel will become an unexceptional thing.Unit 5 Into the unknown
Ⅰ.语法填空——词形转换、固定搭配
1.[2023新高考Ⅰ]I asked my older sister to correct my grammar. I checked out a half-dozen books on Paul Revere from the library.
2.[2021 新高考Ⅱ]In the 1990s， a group of thieves often sold stolen goods with the help of some beggars.To look into the case， Wang disguised（伪装） himself and joined the beggars.
3.[浙江高考]Perhaps， but some developmental psychologists（心理学家） have argued that this "play" is more like a scientific investigation （investigate） than one might think.
4.[江苏高考]Some 2，500 years ago Greece discovered freedom.Before that there was no freedom.There were great civilizations （civilize）， splendid empires， but no freedom anywhere.
点拨
根据谓语动词were可知，此处应用名词的复数形式，表示"社会文明"。
5.[广东高考]Mr.Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children.He owned a farm， which looked almost abandoned （abandon）.
Ⅱ.阅读理解——一词多义、熟词生义
1.A. 借出 B.查看 C. 结账离开
①[2021天津]Take some time to checkout the buildings where your classes will be held.This will prevent you from getting lost in the first few days of classes… B
②[2021浙江]At this store， people check out and then go off to the side to bag their own groceries. C
③[2020全国Ⅱ]Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties， I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library. A
2.[北京高考]There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines.But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand， as it has been by some AI researchers. v.拒绝考虑，否定
点拨
be dismissed out of hand可用作固定表达，意为"直接被摒弃"。如：
The suggestion shouldn’t be dismissed out of hand（＝dismissed without thinking about it） .这个建议不应当直接就被摒弃。
句意：可能几十年里都在计划超级智能机器的到来，但是这个问题不应该直接被摒弃，尽管一些人工智能研究员已经不考虑这个问题了。
Ⅲ.写作——基础写作
基础写作——胡夫金字塔
埃及胡夫金字塔（the Pyramid of Khufu）是如何建造的是人类史上最大的谜题之一。一些专家认为它是大量的奴隶（slave）建造的；有人甚至认为它是外星人建造的。请用英语写一篇100词左右的短文向你校英语报的"The Unexplained"专栏投稿，要点包括：
1.胡夫金字塔的神奇之处（由230多万块巨石砌成；平均每块重2.5吨）；
2.关于胡夫金字塔建造之谜的猜测；
3.相信这一谜题终将被解开。
◎写作要点
1.胡夫金字塔是埃及文明的象征，但是有关它的建造，却几乎找不到任何记录。（pyramid，civilisation）
The Pyramid of Khufu is the symbol of Egyptiancivilisation.However， when it comes to its construction， nearly no record has been found.
2.它的建造过程一直是一个谜，多年来激发着人们的好奇心。（intrigue）
The process of its construction is a long-lasting mystery， which intrigues people for so many years.
3.科学家们已经进行了非常彻底的调查，可是目前仍然缺乏有说服力的解释。（investigation）
Scientists have conducted thorough investigations but still lack persuasive explanations so far.
4.在我看来，随着考古技术的发展，我们一定可以解开这个谜题，把真相公之于众。（archaeological）
As far as I am concerned， with the development of archaeological technology， we are bound to solve the mystery and reveal the truth to the public.
◎连句成篇
请运用恰当的连接词将以上写作要点串联成一篇语意连贯的短文。
The Unexplained Mystery ofthe Pyramid of Khufu
The Pyramid of Khufu is the symbol of Egyptian civilisation.However， when it comes to its construction， nearly no record has been found.
It is estimated that the Pyramid of Khufu was made of more than 2.3 million stones， and the average weight of each stone is 2.5 tons， making the process of its construction a long-lasting mystery， which intrigues people for so many years.
Scientists have conducted thorough investigations but still lack persuasive explanations so far.Some say it was built by a large number of slaves； some even say it was constructed by alien beings from outer space.
As far as I am concerned， with the development of archaeological technology， we are bound to solve the mystery and reveal the truth to the public. Unit 4 Everyday economics
Ⅰ.语法填空——词形转换、固定搭配
1.[2022新高考Ⅱ]The second group did high-intensity aerobic exercise under the guidance （guide） of a trainer for four or more days a week.
2.[2021全国乙]Actually， a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following
principles：…Provide financial （finance） aid and other benefits for local peoples.
3.[2020新高考Ⅰ]Too often， when you stand up to give a speech， you focus on the "public" at the expense of the "speaking".
4.[2020北京]Baggy has become the first dog in the UK — and potentially （potential） the world — to join the fight against air pollution by recording pollutant levels near the ground.
点拨
此处副词potentially为评注性副词，表示推断。在本句中把两个破折号中间的内容补充完整为"and potentially， Baggy has become the first dog in the world"，这样，就能看出potentially作句子的状语。另外，本句中包含"the＋序数词＋名词"结构，用动词不定式作后置定语。
5.[全国Ⅰ]At present， the world has about 6，800 languages.The distribution （distribute） of these languages is hugely uneven.
点拨
even除了作副词，表示"甚至"之外，还可以作形容词，表示"均等的"，uneven在此表示"不均衡的"。
6.[江苏高考]The stories of his unconventional （convention） ideas and the exceptional patients he wrote about were so amazing to me and had such a big impact on how I saw life from then on.
点拨
句意：他新奇的想法和他书中描写的不同寻常的病人令我大为惊奇，并从那时起对我如何看待生命产生了巨大影响。分析句子成分可知，空处应填形容词，再根据语境尤其是句中的amazing可知，此处应表示"令人惊奇、惊叹的"，应用unconventional。
Ⅱ.阅读理解——一词多义、熟词生义
1.A. 空白的 B.空的 C. （脑子里突然）空白的
①[2022新高考Ⅱ]As a result， these writers never get in the habit of crossing out chunks（大块） of their draft and writing revisions in the blank space. A
②[2020浙江]Terrified， Elli and I tried all the bear defense actions we knew.We yelled at the bear， hit pots hard， and fired blank shotgun shells into the air. B
③[全国Ⅰ]Before getting into the car， I thought I had learned the instructor’s orders， but once I started the car， my mind went blank. C
点拨
1.句①句意：因此，这些作者从来没有养成在草稿上划掉大块内容，在空白处写下修改内容的习惯。blank也可作名词，表示"空白处"。
2.blank作形容词时，有"没表情的；茫然的"之意，如：
Steve looked blank and said he had no idea what I was talking about.史蒂夫显得很迷惑，说他不知道我在说什么。
2.[全国Ⅰ]The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages， often spoken by many people， while hot， wet zones have lots， often spoken by small numbers.
adj.温暖的
3.[浙江高考]So she hired a truck to bring all the books to the houses of friends in the suburbs（郊区）. v.（短期）租用
Ⅲ.写作——基础写作
基础写作——移动支付
假如你是李华，你的美国朋友Jenny正在做关于移动支付的调查。请你给她写一封邮件，介绍移动支付的基本情况，内容包括：
1.移动支付的现状及优点；
2.你的看法。
参考词汇：二维码 QR code
◎写作要点
1.移动支付是一种处于政府监管下的安全、便利的支付方式。（supervision）
Mobile payment is a safe and convenient way of payment under the supervision of the government.
2.移动支付在中国有很大的潜力。（potential）
Mobile payment has great potential in China.
3.我们中的大多数人都习惯于通过扫描二维码支付我们购买的任何东西。（purchase）
Most of us are used to paying for whatever we purchase by scanning QR codes.
4.随着移动支付的广泛使用，我们几乎不需要携带钱包或现金，从而也不必担心收到假钞或数零钱。（thereby）
With the widespread use of mobile payment， hardly do we need to carry a wallet or cash，thereby never worrying about getting a fake note or counting change.
5.例如如果我想去商场买一些化妆品，我只需要带上手机，把钱包留在家里。（cosmetics，purse）
For example， if I want to buy some cosmetics at a mall， I just need to take my phone with me and leave my purse at home.
6.我认为移动支付优于传统支付。（superior，conventional）
I think mobile payment is superior to conventional payment.
◎连句成篇
请运用恰当的连接词将以上写作要点串联成一篇语意连贯的短文。
Dear Jenny，
Hearing that you are conducting a survey on mobile payment， I’m writing to provide some relevant information.
Mobile payment is a safe and convenient way of payment under the supervision of the government， which has great potential in China.Most of us are used to paying for whatever we purchase by scanning QR codes.With the widespread use of mobile payment， hardly do we need to carry a wallet or cash， thereby never worrying about getting a fake note or counting change.For example， if I want to buy some cosmetics at a mall， I just need to take my phone with me and leave my purse at home.
I think mobile payment is superior to conventional payment.It has dramatically changed people’s life in China.
Hopefully， my mail can be helpful to you.
Yours faithfully，
Li HuaUnit 3 The world meets China
Ⅰ.语法填空——词形转换、固定搭配
1.[2022全国甲]Shirley Fitzgerald， the city’s official historian （history）， told me that in its rush to modernity in the 1970s， Sydney swept aside much of its past， including many of its finest buildings.
2.[2021北京]Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed.
3.[广东高考]Now that the chances of dying young are much lower， the chances of living long are much higher due to better diets and health care. On the whole， our population is getting older.
Ⅱ.阅读理解——一词多义、熟词生义
1.A. v. 达到顶峰 B.n. 山峰 C. adj. 峰值的
①[2022浙江1月]For the study， 191 women with an average age of 50 took a bicycle exercise test until they were tired out to measure their peak cardiovascular capacity. C
②[全国Ⅲ]But that changed when a system of high-tech mirrors was introduced to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks into the valley below. B
③[江苏高考]While clean energy is increasingly used in our daily life， global warming will continue for some decades after CO2 emissions（排放）peak. A
2.[2021北京]UNESCO will provide limited insurance coverage up to USD 30，000 for the internship period. n.保险范围
Ⅲ.写作——基础写作
基础写作——茶文化展览邀请
假定你是李华，你市图书馆将举办中国茶文化展览。你校英国外教Smith先生对中国茶文化很感兴趣，请用英语给他写一封邮件，邀请他参加该活动。内容包括：
1.展览时间及地点；
2.展览内容：中国茶的历史、文化，茶叶、茶具等；
3.观看茶艺表演。
参考词汇：茶具tea set；茶艺tea art
◎写作要点
1.这次展览活动十分丰富。（boast）
The exhibition boasts a vast range of activities.
2.你不仅可以欣赏各式各样的茶具，还可以欣赏茶艺表演，这些都是中国茶文化的辉煌历史的见证。（be testimony to， glorious）
You can not only appreciate various tea sets， but also enjoy shows of tea art， which are testimony to the glorious history of Chinese tea culture.
3.如果你有时间，请在开幕式之前到达市图书馆。（prior to）
If you are available， please arrive at the city library prior to the opening ceremony.
4.我相信这次展览能够增强你对中国茶文化的理解。（strengthen）
I believe the exhibition will strengthen your understanding of Chinese tea culture.
5.这次体验一定会给你留下深刻的印象，并永远留在你的记忆里。（fade from）
This experience will surely leave a deep impression on you and never fade from your memory.
◎连句成篇
请运用恰当的连接词将以上写作要点串联成一篇语意连贯的短文。
Dear Mr Smith，
Knowing that you are interested in Chinese tea culture， I’m glad to tell you that our city library will hold a Chinese tea culture exhibition at 8 a.m.next Saturday.
The exhibition boasts a vast range of activities.You can not only appreciate various tea sets， but also enjoy shows of tea art， which are testimony to the glorious history of Chinese tea culture.If you are available， please arrive at the city library prior to the opening ceremony.
I believe the exhibition will strengthen your understanding of Chinese tea culture and this experience will surely leave a deep impression on you and never fade from your memory.I hope you can come and have a good time.
Yours，
Li HuaUnit 2 Lessons in life
Ⅰ.语法填空——词形转换、固定搭配
1.[2021天津]If something looks like a human， we have high expectations of them， but they might behave differently in ways that humans just instinctively （instinctive） know how other humans react.
点拨
该句意为：如果某些东西看起来像人类，我们对它们有很高的期望，但它们的行为方式可能会有所不同，人类只是本能地知道其他人的反应。这里的"某些东西"指的是利用人工智能技术研发出的数字人类。
2.[江苏高考]…many donators have rushed into fancy programmes without carefully assessing the relative long-term costs and benefits of alternative uses of their money.
3.[江苏高考]Large human brains consume more food， and weaken （weak） muscles.
4.[全国Ⅲ]Wang’s winning of the prize means that Chinese architects are getting international recognition （recognise）.
5.[北京高考]To make it easier to get in touch with us， you’d better keep this card at hand.
6.[安徽高考] Repairing our possessions （possess） and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment.
Ⅱ.阅读理解——一词多义、熟词生义
1.[2022全国甲]In the experiment， Goffin’s cockatoos were able to select the right tool for the job， in most cases， by visual recognition alone. n.识别
2.[2020新高考Ⅰ]Whatever it is， the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions. adj.最纯粹的3.[天津高考]Right after Erin took possession of my wallet on the bus， she posted a picture of my driver’s license to an online forum（论坛）， trying to see if anyone knew me.
n.拥有
Ⅲ.写作——基础写作
基础写作——安慰友人
假定你是李华，你的新西兰朋友Linda在北京某所中学做交换生。最近她因考试成绩不理想而情绪低落。请你用英语给她写封邮件表示安慰，要点如下：
1.对她的情况表示理解；
2.建议她找出原因并吸取教训；
3.鼓励她树立信心。
◎写作要点
1.我的确理解你的感受，因为我曾熬过同样的时期。（get through）
I do understand how you feel because I once got through the same stage.
2.别悲观，因为这对学生来说是正常的。（pessimistic， abnormal）
Don’t be pessimistic， because it’s nothing abnormal for a student.
3.如果你从不同的角度看待这次考试失利并从中吸取教训，事情就会不一样。（point of view）
Things will be different if you see the failure from a different point of view and learn from it.
4.因此，你应该专心学习以在下次考试中取得进步，而不是因为悲观的情绪分心。（get distracted by）
Therefore， you should concentrate on your studies to make progress in the next exam instead of getting distracted by pessimistic emotions.
◎连句成篇
请运用恰当的连接词将以上写作要点串联成一篇语意连贯的短文。
Dear Linda，
I’m sorry to hear that you didn’t do well in your exam and that you feel upset. I do understand how you feel because I once got through the same stage. Don’t be pessimistic， because it’s nothing abnormal for a student. Things will be different if you see the failure from a different point of view and learn from it.
Thinking back， you can learn two lessons. First，try to find out what caused the problem. Is it because of your carelessness or because you haven’t mastered the important knowledge？ If you have difficulty finding the causes， turn to your teachers for help.Next， build up your confidence. As the saying goes， failure is the mother of success. Therefore， you should concentrate on your studies to make progress in the next exam instead of getting distracted by pessimistic emotions.
I hope my suggestions are helpful to you.
Yours，
Li HuaUnit 1 Looking forwards
Ⅰ.语法填空——词形转换、固定搭配、易错动词变形
1.[2022新高考Ⅰ]Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich， Switzerland， has found how and why this trend arose （arise）.
点拨
此处表示已经发现这个趋势是如何出现的以及它为什么会出现，arise所表示的动作发生在过去，应该用一般过去时。应注意arise为不规则变化动词，其过去式和过去分词分别为arose，arisen。
2.[2022全国甲]We can’t seem to make up our minds whether we want a modern city or a traditional one.
3.[2021全国乙]The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants （participate） as they completed tests of creative thinking.
4.[全国Ⅲ]This creation attracted a lot of attention thanks to its mixture （mix） of modern and traditional Chinese elements（元素）.
5.[湖北高考]She ultimately （ultimate） purchased a small piece of land with her husband and began growing their own foods.
Ⅱ.阅读理解——一词多义、熟词生义
1.A. vt.移动 B. vt.改变观点 C. vi.挪动
①[2021北京]In pre-Classical Greece， for instance， people "corrected" official calendars by shifting dates forward or backward to reflect the change of season. A
②[2020新高考Ⅰ]It’s better to leave your listeners wishing for more than shifting restlessly in their seats waiting for your speech finally to end. C
③[2020江苏]They shifted their viewpoints frequently. B
2.[江苏高考]All special exhibitions，as well as films，lectures，guided tours，concerts，gallery talks，and family/children’s programs are free with admission. n.入场费
Ⅲ.写作——基础写作
基础写作——理想职业
假定你是李华，你校英语报正开展题为"My Dream Job"的征文活动。请你写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：
1.你的理想职业以及理由；
2.如何实现你的梦想。
◎写作要点
1.我从小就下定决心要成为一名医生，这是我最大的志向。（make up one’s mind， ambition）
Since childhood， I have made up my mind to become a doctor， which is my biggest ambition.
2.为了考上好的医学院，我抓住各种机会学习，在课上积极参与各种活动。（pass up）
In order to be admitted to a good medical school， I never pass up any opportunity to study and actively participate in various activities during the class.
3.我曾经对我的能力产生过怀疑，但权衡了我的优缺点之后，我对自己能够成功深信不疑。（have second thoughts， weigh up）
I once had second thoughts about my ability， but after weighing up my strengths and weaknesses， I hold a firm belief that I can make it.
4.充满活力并积极乐观地面对未来，我完全相信我能够实现我的梦想，并成为一名合格的医生。（qualified）
Facing my future with energy and optimism， I am completely confident that I can realize my dream and be a qualified doctor.
◎连句成篇
请运用恰当的连接词将以上写作要点串联成一篇语意连贯的短文。
My Dream Job
Since childhood， I have made up my mind to become a doctor， which is my biggest ambition.
In order to be admitted to a good medical school， I never pass up any opportunity to study and actively participate in various activities during the class. Besides， I read a lot of books about medicine and have a basic understanding of medical knowledge. However，with graduation approaching， I am faced with much pressure.What if I don’t do well in the exam？ I once had second thoughts about my ability， but after weighing up my strengths and weaknesses， I hold a firm belief that I can make it.
Facing my future with energy and optimism， I am completely confident that I can realize my dream and be a qualified doctor.
