备考2024届高考外研版选择性必修第四册英语一轮复习课时提能第一部分过透教材Unit1-6（含答案 6份打包）

Unit 6 Space and beyond
一、阅读理解
A
　　[素材创新/]During space missions， astronauts can experience a loss of some of the inner structural support in their bones， reducing the density（密度） of them. For trips in space lasting at least 6 months， the bone loss is equal to about 20 years of aging. Fortunately， a new study finds a year back on earth rebuilds about half of strength lost in the affected bones.
　　"Our bones are always remodeling（重塑），" notes exercise scientist Leigh Gabel. "But they’ll lose some of their strength when in space."
　　Gabel was part of a team that tracked 17 astronauts. Each of these 14 men and 3 women had spent from 4 to 7 months in space. The team measured the 3-D structure of their bones. They focused on the structure of the tibia（胫骨） in the lower leg and the lower-arm bone. The researchers took images of the bones 4 times — before spaceflight， then when the astronauts returned from space， and again six months and one year later. From the pictures， they got to know an astronaut’s bone strength and density at each of those times.
　　Astronauts in space for less than six months recovered their preflight bone strength after a year back on earth. But those who stayed in space longer suffered permanent bone loss in their tibias. That loss was equal to a decade of aging. The lower-arm bones showed almost no loss. That was likely because these aren’t weight-bearing bones on earth， Gabel explains. In fact， those arms can get a bigger workout in space than on earth as astronauts use them to move around their craft by pushing off handles and doorways.
　　"Increasing weight-lifting exercises in space could help reduce bone loss in legs，" says exercise scientist Steven Boyd.
　　"With longer spaceflight， we can expect bigger bone loss — and probably a bigger problem with recovery，" says physiologist Laurence Vico. "Space agencies should also consider other bone heath measures to reduce bone loss and increase bone formation."
　　身处太空中的宇航员会出现骨质流失的情况，而且他们在太空中待的时间越长，这种情况会越严重。如果待的时间少于6个月，返回地球一年后，骨骼强度会恢复到进入太空前的状态；时间超过6个月的话，骨质流失将会是永久性的。
1. What may the author think of the new study’s discovery？
A. It shows bone loss in space can be ignored.
B. It’s really beyond the researchers’ expectations.
C. It shows people on earth don’t suffer bone loss.
D. It’s probably good news for astronauts back from space.
解析　D　细节理解题。由第一段中的"Fortunately， a new study finds a year back on earth rebuilds about half of strength lost in the affected bones"可知，研究的发现对于从太空归来的宇航员来说理应是好消息，故本题选D。
2. What does Para. 3 mainly talk about？
A. The focus of the researchers’ study.
B. How Gabel’s team carried out their research.
C. Why the researchers took pictures 4 times.
D. Changes of the astronauts’ bone strength and density.
解析　B　段落大意题。通读第三段可知，本段主要讲述的是Gabel的团队如何开展他们的研究，故本题选B。
3. What does the underlined word in Para. 4 probably mean？
A. Regular. B. Limited.
C. Everlasting. D. Typical.
解析　C　词义猜测题。结合第四段中的"Astronauts in space for less than six months recovered their preflight bone strength after a year back on earth"、画线词所在句中的关键词But以及最后一段中的"With longer spaceflight， we can expect bigger bone loss — and probably a bigger problem with recovery"不难推知，permanent应该与recovered在意义上相对立，再结合四个选项可知，在太空中待的时间更长的宇航员的胫骨遭受的骨质流失应该是永久性的，故本题选C。
4. Which of the following statements may Boyd agree with？
A. A spaceflight less than half a year does no harm to astronauts.
B. Astronauts can avoid bone loss through doing enough exercise.
C. Spaceflight should be limited as much as possible for astronauts’ safety.
D. Using some exercise devices for legs may help the astronauts in space.
解析　D　细节理解题。由倒数第二段中Boyd的话"Increasing weight-lifting exercises in space could help reduce bone loss in legs"可知，本题选D。
B
　　[科技创新/2024四川绵阳零诊]Nuclear bombs. That’s the go-to answer for incoming space objects like asteroids（小行星） and comets as far as Hollywood is concerned. Movies like DeepImpact and Armageddon rely on nuclear weapons， delivered by stars like Bruce Willis， to save the world and deliver the drama.
　　But planetary defense experts say in reality， if astronomers spotted a dangerous in-coming space rock， the safest and best answer might be something more subtle， like simply pushing it off course by crashing it with a small spacecraft.
　　That’s just what NASA did on Monday evening， when a spacecraft headed straight into an asteroid called Dimorphos， which is around 7 million miles away and poses no threat to Earth. It’s about 525 feet across and orbits another larger asteroid.
　　In images streamed（传输） as the crash neared， the egg-shaped asteroid grew in size from a little spot on screen to have its full rocky surface come quickly into focus before the signal went dead as the craft hit right on target.
　　Events happened exactly as engineers had planned， they said， with nothing going wrong. "As far as we can tell， our first planetary defense test was a success，" said Elena Adams， the mission systems engineer， who added that scientists looked on with "both terror and joy" as the spacecraft neared its final destination.
　　The crash was the peak of NASA’s Double Asteroid Redirection Test （DART）， a 7-year and more than $300 million effort which launched a space vehicle in November of 2021 to perform humanity’s first-ever test of planetary defense technology. It will be about two months， scientists said， before they will be able to determine if the crash was enough to drive the asteroid slightly off course， probably shortening its original orbit.
　　NASA plans to launch an asteroid-hunting space telescope named NEO Surveyor in 2026. "We’ve tracked lots of space rocks， especially the larger ones that could cause extinction-level events. Thankfully， none currently threatens Earth. But many asteroids the size of Dimorphos haven’t yet been discovered， and those could potentially take out a city if they came crashing down，" explains Lindley Johnson， NASA’s Planetary Defense Officer.
　　文章主要介绍了美国国家航空航天局的行星防御专家实施行星防御测试，利用小型航天器撞击一块即将到来的危险太空岩石，使太空岩石偏离轨道的事情。
1. Why does the author mention the movies？
A. To make a prediction. B. To introduce the topic.
C. To provide a possibility. D. To make a comparison.
解析　B　推理判断题。由第一段中的"Movies like DeepImpact and Armageddon rely on nuclear weapons， delivered by stars like Bruce Willis， to save the world and deliver the drama"和第二段"But planetary defense experts say in reality， if astronomers spotted a dangerous in-coming space rock， the safest and best answer might be something more subtle， like simply pushing it off course by crashing it with a small spacecraft"可推知，作者提到电影是为了引出下文用小型航天器撞击危险的太空岩石，介绍文章的话题，故选B。
2. What can we infer from the passage？
A. NASA pushed Dimorphos by crashing.
B. The 7-year program has drawn a conclusion.
C. NEO Surveyor has tracked lots of space rocks.
D. Dimorphos could cause extinction-level events.
解析　A　推理判断题。由第二段"But planetary defense experts say in reality， if astronomers spotted a dangerous in-coming space rock， the safest and best answer might be something more subtle， like simply pushing it off course by crashing it with a small spacecraft"和第三段中的"That’s just what NASA did on Monday evening， when a spacecraft headed straight into an asteroid called Dimorphos"可推知，本题选A。
3. Which statement does Lindley Johnson most possibly agree with？
A. Larger asteroids will not be a threat to Earth.
B. NASA should shoulder the responsibility for the crash.
C. Asteroids like Dimorphos are more destructive than other larger ones.
D. NEO Surveyor is expected to discover asteroids the size of Dimorphos.
解析　D　推理判断题。由最后一段中的"NASA plans to launch an asteroid-hunting space telescope named NEO Surveyor in 2026"和Lindley Johnson的话"But many asteroids the size of Dimorphos haven’t yet been discovered， and those could potentially take out a city if they came crashing down"可推知，计划发射NEO Surveyor是为了发现像Dimorphos这样大小的小行星，从而帮助人类及时规避风险，Lindley Johnson作为美国国家航空航天局的行星防御官会同意这一观点，故选D。
4. What is the best title for the passage？
A. The impact of planetary defense technology
B. A threat to Earth from asteroids
C. The contribution to space safety
D. An intentional crash in space
解析　D　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了美国国家航空航天局的行星防御专家实施行星防御测试，利用小型航天器撞击一块即将到来的危险太空岩石，使太空岩石偏离轨道的事情。由此可知，D项最能概括文章大意，适合做文章标题。
二、完形填空
Katya Echazarreta， 26， made history when she became the first Mexican-born woman to travel into space.
　　"It’s been my life goal to get into the space 　1　 and reach space，" she said.
　　Born in Mexico， Katya moved with her family to San Diego at 7. At that young age， she asked her mother，"What do you think is the most 　2　 thing somebody can do？" Her mother 　3　， "For you， I think maybe being a（n）　4　."
　　At that time， Katya 　5　 to someday meet that challenge and travel to space.
　　As a child， she would look up to the stars and believe she would someday reach them. She worked so hard in order to make that big 　6　 come true.
　　When her parents’ marriage came to an end， she helped 　7　 her younger brothers and sisters and started a job at McDonald’s.Though she had to work long hours， she never lost sight of her dream.
　　After college， she accepted an internship（实习期） at NASA， achieving her first 　8　 of working in the space industry. She did a great job and was 　9　 a full-time job later.
　　In 2019， Katya heard of a 　10　 opportunity offered by Space for Humanity. The organization looked for applications for its first Citizen Astronaut program， which would 　11　 one person to join a six-person space flight as part of a June 2022 mission. 　12　， Katya was chosen from thousands of people.
　　"One of the most 　13　 things of this was getting to tell my mom，" Katya shared. She always thinks it was her mother’s 　14　 that kept her working hard and dreaming big. "The 　15　 in space was absolutely wonderful，" Katya added. "And I finally achieved my lifelong dream."
　　本文为记叙文，主要讲述了Katya Echazarreta实现飞向太空的梦想的故事。
1. A. wish B. information
C. industry D. organization
解析　C　投身太空行业（industry）和抵达太空一直是Katya的人生目标。
2. A. official B. popular
C. formal D. challenging
解析　D　你认为一个人所能做的最有挑战的（challenging）事情是什么？challenging与第5空所在句中的meet that challenge相吻合。
3.A. replied B. shouted
C. explained D. ordered
解析　A　结合上文的问题可知，此处说的应该是"母亲回答说……"，故用replied。
4. A. engineer B. scientist
C. reporter D. astronaut
解析　D　结合下文内容可知，空格所填词表示的应是"航天员"，故选D。
5. A. stopped B. refused
C. agreed D. determined
解析　D　此处说的是"那时，Katya决定（determined）将来迎接挑战，飞向太空"。
6. A. imagination B. dream
C. difficulty D. difference
解析　B　此处说的是"为了让远大的梦想（dream）变成现实，她学习非常努力"，故选B。
7.A. care for B. turn around
C. pick out D. prepare for
解析　A　此处说的是Katya帮忙照看（care for）年幼的弟弟和妹妹，故选A。
8.A. discussion B. responsibility
C. mission D. education
解析　C　此处说的是"完成她的第一个任务（mission）——进入太空行业工作"，故选C。
9.A. offered B. lent
C. prevented D. advised
解析　A　Katya表现突出，之后获得了全职工作。offer在此表示"给予，提供"。
10.A. serious B. basic
C. precious D. various
解析　C　此处指Katya获悉了一个宝贵的（precious）机会，故选C。
11.A. warn B. allow
C. invite D. cause
解析　B　此处说的是该计划可以允许一个人加入一个六人的航空之旅。allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事。
12.A. Luckily B. Suddenly
C. Probably D. Generally
解析　A　幸运的是（Luckily），Katya从数千人中脱颖而出。
13.A. popular B. beautiful
C. careful D. surprising
解析　B　此处说的是"这一切之中最美好的（beautiful）事情之一是得以告诉妈妈"，故选B。
14.A. doubt B. success
C. worry D. support
解析　D　她一直认为是妈妈的支持（support）让她努力工作和心怀远大梦想，故选D。
15.A. experience B. celebration
C. challenge D. imagination
解析　A　所填词指的应该是飞入太空的这一经历（experience），故选A。
三、语法填空
　　[2023江西南昌一模]A small device， MOXIE， has produced oxygen on the surface of Mars，1　　　　　　（bring） the chances of surviving on the red planet a step closer. Research published in 2　　　　　　 journal ScienceAdvances reported that MOXIE produced breathable oxygen in seven-hour-long tests conducted in various weather and atmospheric（大气的） conditions last year. The research also found that even in extreme 3　　　　　　（temperature） and after a Martian dust storm， MOXIE 4　　　　　　（continue） to produce high-purity oxygen.
　　"This is the first demonstration of actually using resources on the surface of Mars and transforming 5　　　　　　（they） chemically into something useful for a human mission，" Jeffrey Hoffman， a 6　　　　　　（retire） astronaut， said.
　　"The thin atmosphere on Mars is 96 percent carbon dioxide and much more 7　　　　　　（change） than that on Earth and the temperature can vary by 100 degrees，" Hoffman said. "One aim is to show we can run MOXIE in all seasons."
　　The device， MOXIE， uses some special pumps，8　　　　　　 suck in carbon dioxide. The gas 9　　　　　　（heat） to 800 ℃ and pressed to separate the carbon and oxygen. Carbon monoxide is sent out as waste while the pure oxygen is left behind.
　　Despite the challenges， MOXIE has proved durable in the extreme conditions on Mars and scientists regard the test results 10　　　　　　 a great achievement.
　　本文主要讲述了一个小设备MOXIE在火星表面合成了氧气这一事件。这是人类首次利用火星表面的资源并将其转化为对人类任务有用的东西。
1.bringing　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句的谓语动词是has produced，空处所填词为非谓语动词；结合语境可知，此处应用现在分词形式表示自然而然的结果，且此处表示主动关系，所以空处填bringing。
2.the　考查冠词。分析语境可知，此处表示特指，所以空处填定冠词the。
3.temperatures　考查名词的数。由空前的extreme可知，空处应用名词，此处表示各种极端温度，所以空处填复数名词temperatures。
4.continued　考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词在句中作宾语从句的谓语。结合主句的谓语found和从句中的after a Martian dust storm可知，此处时态也用一般过去时；主语MOXIE与continue之间是主动关系，所以空处填continued。
5.them　考查代词。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词作transforming的宾语，应用宾格形式，所以空处填them。
6.retired　考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词修饰空后的名词astronaut，应用形容词，所以空处填retired（已退休的）。
7.changeable　考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词在句中作表语，表示事物的特征，应用形容词，所以空处填changeable。
8.which　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词指物，关系词在从句中作主语，所以空处填which。
9.isheated　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词在句中作谓语。结合语境可知，时态用一般现在时；主语The gas与heat之间是被动关系；主语The gas表示第三人称单数概念，所以空处填is heated。
10.as　考查介词。此处考查固定表达regard...as...（把……看作……）。Unit 5 Into the unknown
一、阅读理解
A
[2024广东惠州一调]The Roman Colosseum was built almost two thousand years ago. Despite its age and a 14th century earthquake that knocked down the south side， most of the tall feet building is still standing. Scientists and engineers have long suspected a key to the building’s durability （耐用性） is the use of specific Roman concrete. But exactly how this solid concrete has contributed to the architecture’s strength has been a mystery to researchers across the globe.
A team of researchers recently discovered a potential answer to why these ancient Roman buildings have been able to weather the test of time while many modern concrete structures seem to fall apart after a few decades. The answer is self-healing concrete.
The material has three components： limestone （石灰岩）， volcanic material and water. What the researchers found was that the self-healing feature might be simply caused by chemistry accidentally. The limestone in the concrete is likely the secret.
When the ancient Romans made mortar （灰浆）， they heated up the lime to turn it into a substance called "quicklime". And， because they introduced water into the quicklime during mixing， the heat it produced set up a chemical foundation that could strengthen the concrete later. When tiny cracks started to form later， the quicklime stopped them from becoming bigger. When it rained， the lime reacted with the water to recombine into various forms of calcium carbonate （碳酸钙）， quickly filling the crack or reacted with the volcanic ash to "heal" the material.
For materials scientist Ainissa Ramirez， this new understanding of ancient Roman concrete is a welcome discovery."This is one way that the material can be more environmentally friendly，" says Ramirez."It’s sort of like a message in a bottle. The Romans made the material. We had to kind of figure out how they did it so that we can make better materials — and then， you know， in turn， be better protectors of our environment."
　　古罗马的混凝土结构为何能够屹立不倒，经受住时间的考验？科学家一直很好奇。文章介绍了古罗马混凝土结构能够很好地提高建筑强度，一个可能的答案就是：这种混凝土具有自我修复功能。
【词语积累】　knock down击倒；推倒（或拆掉、拆毁）建筑物　suspect v.怀疑；觉得　specific adj.特定的　mystery n.奥秘；神秘　potential adj.可能的；潜在的　fall apart 破碎；瓦解　component n.组成部分；成分　　feature n.特点　substance n. 物质　strengthen v.巩固；加强　crack n.缝隙　react with 与……起化学反应　figure out 想出；弄明白　in turn反过来；相应地
1.What can we learn from Paragraph 1？
A. The secret of Roman concrete has been revealed.
B. The Roman Colosseum was built in the 14th century.
C. The whole Roman Colosseum survived the earthquake.
D. Roman concrete is essential to the architecture’s strength.
解析　D　推理判断题。由第一段，尤其是"But exactly how this solid concrete has contributed to...across the globe"可知，对全球的研究人员而言，古罗马混凝土究竟是如何提高古罗马斗兽场强度的一直是个谜。由此可知，古罗马混凝土对建筑的强度至关重要，故选D项。
2.What does the underlined word "weather" in Paragraph 2 mean？
A. Take. B. Stand.
C. Avoid. D. Fail.
解析　B　词义猜测题。由画线词所在句的"while many modern concrete structures seem to fall apart after a few decades"可知，此处while表示前后两种情况的对比，画线词应与fall apart意思相反。许多现代混凝土结构似乎在几十年后就会瓦解，而古罗马建筑可以经得住时间的考验。由此可推知，画线词意为"经受住"，与stand意思一致，故选B项。
3.What do we know about the self-healing process？
A. The lime itself could fill the crack later.
B. The quicklime should be made on rainy days.
C. The chemical foundation could weaken the concrete.
D. Combining water and quicklime would produce heat.
解析　D　细节理解题。由第四段中的"they introduced water into...that could strengthen the concrete later"可知，他们在搅拌过程中将水加到了生石灰中，它所产生的热量形成了一种随后可以强化混凝土的化学基础。由此可知，将水和生石灰混合会产生热量，故选D项。
4.What can be inferred from Ramirez’s words？
A. People can be inspired to make greener materials.
B. The secret of Roman concrete is hidden in a bottle.
C. Roman concrete has greatly improved the environment.
D. Roman concrete is popular in making modern architecture.
解析　A　推理判断题。由最后一段Ramirez的话可知，对古罗马混凝土的新理解让我们了解了一种使材料更加环保的方式。古罗马人制造了这种材料，我们必须弄清楚他们是如何做到的，这样我们才能制作更好的材料，反过来成为更好的环境保护者。换句话说，我们可以从古罗马人制作的这种材料中汲取灵感，去发明更环保的材料，故选A项。
B
[2024南京六校调研]The world may have a new supercontinent within 200 million to 300 million years as the Pacific Ocean shrinks and closes.
Researchers at Curtin University in Australia and Peking University in China used a supercomputer to model the evolution of Earth’s tectonic plates （地壳构造板块） and the formation of a future supercontinent. Their findings were published in the journal NationalScienceReview.
"Over the past two billion years， Earth’s continents have collided （相撞） together to form a supercontinent every 600 million years， known as the supercontinent cycle. This means that current continents are due to come together again in a couple of hundred million years’ time，" said lead author Dr. Chuan Huang， a research fellow in Curtin’s Earth Dynamics Research Group and the School of Earth and Planetary Sciences.
The team’s simulation showed that due to the fact that Earth has been cooling for billions of years since its formation， the thickness and strength of the tectonic plates beneath the oceans have reduced over time. As a result， the formation of a new supercontinent is more likely to happen by the closing up of the Pacific Ocean. Reduced by a few centimeters per year， the Pacific Ocean’s current reach of 10，000 kilometers will close up in less than 300 million years.
"The resulting new supercontinent has already been named Amasia because some believe that the Pacific Ocean will close when America collides with Asia. Australia is also expected to play a role in this important Earth event， first colliding with Asia and then connecting America and Asia once the Pacific Ocean closes，" Huang said.
Changes in the distribution of continents and oceans will cause changes in climates， "particularly when ocean currents are stopped by continental collision， or new ocean currents are formed when continents break apart，" said study co-author Zheng-Xiang Li， distinguished professor in Curtin’s School of Earth and Planetary Sciences."Earth， as we know， will be completely different when Amasia forms. Sea level is expected to be lower， and the vast interior of the supercontinent will be very dry with high daily temperature ranges."
Researchers expect more earthquakes as the continental plates collide. Surrounded by a new superocean， the newly formed supercontinent will also have decreased biodiversity.
Scientists are still trying to understand Earth’s supercontinent cycle， which is driven by heat and gravity. The research team wants to establish how Earth’s tectonic plates started and when the first continents formed， as well as what kicked off the supercontinent cycle."We are only starting to look at the entire Earth system， from its core to its atmosphere， as a closely linked system that evolved together，" Li said.
　　随着太平洋的缩小和闭合，在2亿至3亿年内世界上可能会出现一个新的超大陆。研究人员使用超级计算机模拟了地球地壳构造板块的演化以及未来超大陆的形成。
【词语积累】　shrink v.缩小　evolution n.进化
simulation n.模拟　interior n.内陆；内部　kick off开始
【熟词生义】　plate常用义：n.盘子；碟子　文中义：n.板块
1.What leads to the formation of the new supercontinent？
A. The rising temperature of Earth.
B. The expansion of the Pacific Ocean.
C. The reduced strength of the tectonic plates.
D. The appearance of many new tectonic plates.
解析　C　细节理解题。由第四段中的"Earth has been cooling for billions of years...by the closing up of the Pacific Ocean"可知，地球自形成以来已经冷却了数十亿年，海洋下的地壳构造板块的厚度和强度随着时间的推移而减小。因此，一个新的超大陆的形成更有可能发生在太平洋闭合的时候，故选C项。
2.What is believed by some scientists about the new supercontinent？
A. The involving parts.
B. Its climate pattern.
C. The way it breaks apart.
D. Its distance from Australia.
解析　A　细节理解题。由第五段中的"some believe that the Pacific Ocean will close...once the Pacific Ocean closes"可知，一些人猜想当美洲与亚洲相撞时，太平洋将闭合。澳大利亚大陆预计也会在这一重要的地球事件中发挥作用，它会首先与亚洲相撞，然后在太平洋闭合时连接美洲和亚洲。由此可知，一些科学家猜想新的超大陆应该包含很多部分，故选A项。
3.What will probably happen to the newly formed supercontinent？
A. There will be a rise in sea level.
B. There will be lots of water in the interior.
C. The variety of its living things will be reduced.
D. Its temperature will stay the same all year round.
解析　C　细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的"Surrounded by a new superocean， the newly formed supercontinent will also have decreased biodiversity"可知，新形成的超大陆被一个新的超级海洋包围，生物多样性也将减少，故选C项。
4.What does the last paragraph mainly want to show？
A. The entire Earth system faces an uncertain future.
B. The origin of the supercontinent cycle is hard to trace.
C. Earth’s supercontinent cycle will pose a big threat.
D. There is more to discover about the supercontinent cycle.
解析　D　段落大意题。最后一段讲科学家们仍在试图了解地球的超大陆周期，它是由热量和重力驱动的。研究团队希望确定地球的地壳构造板块是如何出现的，第一批大陆是何时形成的，以及什么开启了超大陆周期。由此可知，最后一段主要想说明"关于超大陆周期还有更多的东西待发现"，故选D项。
C
[2024浙江杭州高三一模] That dinosaurs ate the mammals （哺乳动物） that ran beneath their feet is not in doubt. Now an extraordinary fossil newly described in ScientificReports，unearthed by a team led by Gang Han at Hainan Vocational University of Science and Technology in China， shows that sometimes the tables were turned.
The fossil — dating back to about 125 million years ago， during the Cretaceous period — was formed when a flow of boiling volcanic mud swallowed two animals seemingly locked in a life-and-death fight. The one on top is a mammal. This animal is a herbivorous species closely related to the triceratops （三角恐龙）. Animal interactions such as this are exceptionally rare in the fossil record.
One possibility is that the mammal was eating something already dead， rather than hunting live prey. These days it is uncommon for small mammals to attack much larger animals. But it is not unheard of. And Dr. Han and his colleagues point out that those mammals which eat dead bodies typically leave tooth marks all over the bones of the animals. The dinosaur’s remains show no such marks. There is also a chance that the fossil could be a fake. More and more convincing fakes have emerged， as this one did — though Dr. Han and his colleagues argue that the complexly connected nature of the skeletons （骨骼） makes that unlikely， too.
Assuming it is genuine， the discovery serves as a reminder that not all dinosaurs were enormous during the Cretaceous period and that not all mammals were tiny. From nose to tail， the dinosaur is just 1.2 meters long. The mammal is a bit under half a meter in length. Despite being half the size， the mammal has one paw firmly wrapped around one of its prey’s limbs， and another pulling on its jaw. It is biting down on the dinosaur’s chest， and has ripped off two of its ribs. Before they were interrupted， it seems that the mammal was winning.
　　本文主要介绍了中国海南科技职业大学韩刚团队发表在《科学报告》中的文章，描述了一块非同寻常的化石，该化石表明恐龙会被小型的哺乳动物猎杀。
1.Which idiom is closest in meaning to the underlined part "the tables were turned" in paragraph 1？
A. The fittest survives.
B. The hunters become hunted.
C. Fortune always favors the brave.
D. The truth will always come to light.
解析　B　句意理解题。由第一段中的"That dinosaurs ate the mammals（哺乳动物） that ran beneath their feet is not in doubt"可知，恐龙捕食哺乳动物不足为奇，但根据韩刚团队的发现"The one on top is a mammal"可知，化石反映哺乳动物在捕食恐龙，由此可知，画线部分所在句的意思应为"有时候局面也会有所逆转"，即捕食者可能成为猎物，故B项与画线部分的意义最为接近。
2.Why does the author mention the "tooth marks" in paragraph 3？
A. To prove the fossil was fake.
B. To show the forming of the fossil.
C. To illustrate the process of hunting.
D. To suggest the dinosaur was hunted alive.
解析　D　推理判断题。由第三段中的"One possibility is that the mammal was eating something already dead， rather than hunting live prey"可以推断，作者在第三段讲述韩刚博士及其同事提到了牙印，他们这样做是为了反击哺乳动物是在吃已经死了的恐龙的说法，从而证明恐龙是在活着的时候被猎杀的，故选D。
3.What makes Dr. Han think the fossil is genuine？
A. The size of the fossil.
B. The absence of fake fossils.
C. The complexity of the skeletons.
D. The consistency of the opinions.
解析　C　细节理解题。由第三段中的"Dr. Han and his colleagues argue that the complexly connected nature of the skeletons（骨骼） makes that unlikely"可知，由于骨骼的复杂性，韩刚博士及其团队认为化石造假是不可能的，故选C。
4.What is the function of the last paragraph？
A. It offers a cause.
B. It highlights a solution.
C. It justifies the conclusion.
D. It provides a new discovery.
解析　C　推理判断题。上文讲到了人们对化石的真伪存有疑问。由最后一段中的"not all dinosaurs were enormous during the Cretaceous period and that not all mammals were tiny"和对化石中捕食画面的描述可以推测，最后一段提这些是为了证明第一段结论的合理性，故选C。
二、语法填空
[2024安徽六校开学考]Deep in the jungle， the Maya built an empire. And now， scientists are unlocking more secrets about this ancient civilization with the discovery of 417 cities 1　　　　　　（date） back to 2，000 years ago， said TheWashingtonPost.
The cities2　　　　　　（find） to be connected by 110 miles （about 177 kilometers） of "highways" in May， which consisted of the "world’s first-ever extensive system of highways". The "highways"，3　　　　　　 Reuters reported， were spacious roadways 4　　　　　　（make） in stone. Plus， scientists also found pyramids， ball game courts and water engineering，5　　　　　　（include） dams and irrigation canals.
The Maya civilization was "far 6　　　　　　（advanced） than we thought"， noted TheWashingtonPost. As one of the greatest 7　　　　　　（civilization） of the Western Hemisphere， the Maya first established settlements around 1800 BC. Their empire spanned parts of Mexico and several countries in Central America， noted the website HISTORY Channel. People long believed that the Maya were still just hunter-gatherers. 8　　　　　　 the new findings showed that they were already busy creating cities in world history at the time. They did all this in a jungle environment， which is rare and impressive. They had to clear rainforest areas 9　　　　　　（farm） and built large underground reservoirs to store rainwater. However， by 900 BC， many Maya cities were abandoned， calling 10　　　　　　 end to the empire.
　　本文主要讲述了随着417座2000年前的玛雅城市被发现，更多关于玛雅文明的秘密正在被揭示出来。
1.dating　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词在句中作非谓语动词。date back to意为"追溯到"，无被动形式，且非谓语动词作后置定语，所以空处填dating。
2.werefound　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词作谓语。由时间状语in May可知，此处时态用一般过去时；主语The cities与find是被动关系，且主语是复数，所以空处填were found。
3.as　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为整个主句的内容，且从句意为"正如路透社所报道的那样"，所以空处填as。
4.made　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语作后置定语，修饰前面的名词roadways，make与roadways是逻辑上的动宾关系，非谓语所表示动作已完成，所以空处填made。
5.including　考查介词。由常识可知，空前的water engineering与空后的dams、 irrigation canals是包含关系，所以空处填介词including。句意：此外，科学家们还发现了金字塔、球场和水利工程，包括水坝和灌溉渠。
6.moreadvanced　考查形容词的级。由空后的than可知，空处应用比较级，所以填more advanced。
7.civilizations　考查名词的数。"one of the＋最高级＋名词复数"意为"最……的……之一"，所以空处填civilizations。
8.But　考查连词。由句意"人们长期以来一直认为玛雅人仍然只是采猎者。然而，新发现显示，他们当时已经忙于在世界历史上创建城市了"可知，前后句之间形成了转折关系，故填But，注意首字母大写。
9.tofarm　考查非谓语动词。由句意"他们必须清理热带雨林地区来耕种并建造大型地下水库来储存雨水"可知，空处用非谓语动词短语作目的状语，所以空处填to farm。
10.an　考查冠词。此处考查固定表达call an end to..."宣布……的结束或终止"，故填an。Unit 4 Everyday economics
一、阅读理解
A
[2023苏北四市一调]By my mid-20s， I’d finished my Master’s in Psychology， and I was working in Dublin as a health researcher.It was mostly data and statistics work which required staring at a screen. I was earning more than most of my friends， living the city life， going out at weekends. I had a good pension（养老金）and annual leave but it caused a lot of anxiety and worry.I was really unhappy.
I wanted to get back to feeling passionate about something so I started thinking about the things I used to love. As a child， I’d always been involved in the outdoors， and I used to love hiking but all that had stopped after secondary school.I decided to volunteer with a local youth group and within a month， I went camping with them. I absolutely loved it. It was like switching on a lightbulb. This was what I’d been missing.
I started taking courses in mountain skills and wilderness first aid， and in August I was working my usual job in the week， and I was a climbing club leader at weekends. I loved connecting with nature， and connecting with other people.
Through all this， I learnt about the whole field of nature-based therapies（疗法）. It was the perfect fit to combine my psychology background with my passion for the outdoors. I began taking courses in wild therapy， forest bathing and ecopsychology.I left my government job and in July 2020 I launched my business Nature Therapy Ireland， which is booming now.
I’d thought I’d always live in a city but last year， I moved to Tipperary to live at the foot of a mountain， surrounded by nature. If I’m feeling stressed， I can step outside in my bare feet and stand on the grass to ground myself. In Dublin， the front door felt like a barrier — I had to have my keys， my phone， and my jacket before I could even go out and find a green space. My life now is leading nature connection hikes and forest bathing walks. My salary has halved for the moment but I’ve adjusted. I’ve never looked back.
　　作者拥有一份稳定的工作和社会保障，但这引起了作者的焦虑。作者想重拾对生活的热情，毅然辞掉稳定的工作，选择创业去过自己想要的生活。
【词语积累】　passionate adj.热诚的，狂热的　fit n.适合，匹配　surround v. （使）包围；围绕，环绕
1.What did the writer think of her job in Dublin？
A. Stressful. B. Valueless.
C. Insecure. D. Demanding.
解析　A　细节理解题。由第一段中的" I had a good...was really unhappy"可知，作者的这一工作引起了许多焦虑和担心，故A项正确。
2.What does the underlined sentence mean in paragraph 2？
A. She enjoyed her voluntary work.
B. She realized what she really loved.
C. Recalling the past made her happy.
D. A bright future was in store for her.
解析　B　词义猜测题。由第二段中的"I wanted to get back...I used to love"可知，作者想重新找回对某件事的热情并开始思索；再结合画线句前后语境可知，作者通过做志愿者，参加集体露营，突然发现自己非常热爱这件事，并意识到这就是自己一直想要的东西，故B项正确。
3.What drove the writer to launch her business Nature Therapy Ireland？
A. Her adventurous experience.
B. Her leadership and background.
C. Her connection with other people.
D. Her major and passion for nature.
解析　D　细节理解题。由第四段中的"Through all this， I learnt about the whole field of nature-based therapies（疗法）...my passion for the outdoors"可知，自然疗法正是作者心理学背景和作者对户外运动的热情的完美结合，这促使作者进行相关课程的学习之后辞去已有的稳定工作，选择创业，故D项正确。
4.Why did the writer compare her life in Dublin with that in Tipperary？
A. To highlight how boring city life was.
B. To call on people to get back to nature.
C. To show her satisfaction with her change.
D. To indicate how successful her business was.
解析　C　推理判断题。由第五段内容，尤其是"My salary has...I’ve never looked back"可知，即便工资减半，作者也不后悔，由此可推知，作者通过对比表达了对现有生活的满足，故C项正确。
B
[2024贵州贵阳摸底]The term "oniomania"， which is used to describe people with obsessive （强迫性的）， problematic shopping and spending behaviors. Also known as compulsive buying disorder （CBD） and impulsive-compulsive buying disorder （ICBD）， oniomania can leave a negative impact on your financial health and mental wellbeing if left untreated.
At this point you might be wondering： "What’s the difference between an oniomaniac and someone who likes to shop perhaps a bit too much？" We tend to believe that the two are rather similar. Clinically （临床地）， however， they are quite easy to separate.
Although people who like shopping will return an item if they do not like it and start budgeting if they run low on money， people suffering from oniomania are no longer able to make reasonable， let alone financially responsible， decisions. They sometimes emotionally dissociate themselves from what they are doing， making their purchases while they are not really sure what to buy. Spending relieves feelings of anxiety and depression， but only temporarily. In a short time， they might become moody， annoyed， and depressed， and their confidence declines sharply.
To a certain extent， spending makes everyone feel good. In 2007， a group of researchers from MIT， Stanford University and CMU looked at the brains of American consumers via MRI technology and found that when they purchased desirable objects， their nucleus accumbens— the brain’s pleasure center — would light up， indicating positive stimulation. This stimulation can take on different forms. For instance， some people get particularly excited when they believe they have gotten a good deal. This， researchers say， is the result of the prefrontal cortex — the decision-making part of our brain — interacting with the insula， the part of our brain that processes pain.
According to psychotherapist Joyce Marter， compulsive buyers in the U.S. make an average of 156 impulsive purchases per year. Each purchase sets them back around $81.75， making for a grand total of $5，400 per year and a thorough shocking $324，000 per lifetime. That money could have been invested in a home， an education， or other products that you actually need in order to survive and thrive in the world. Ultimately， though， treating oniomania is about much more than just protecting your finances from your own impulses — it’s also about maintaining your personal mental health and improving your relationships with others.
　　购物癖和喜爱购物不同，它是一种需要治疗的心理疾病。在某种程度上，消费会让人快乐，但购物癖不仅浪费金钱，还危害人们的心理健康和人际关系。
【词语积累】　problematic adj.成问题的，造成困难的，疑难的　compulsive adj.禁不住的；难控制的　tend to倾向于；往往会　purchase n.购买；采购；vt.购买；采购
temporarily adv.暂时　decline v.下降；减少；衰退　indicate v.指示；表明；显示；暗示　interact vi.互动；相互作用；交流　thrive vi.繁荣；蓬勃发展　maintain v.保持；维持；维修
【长难句解读】　Although people （who like shopping） will return an item （if they do not
　　　　　　　　让步状语从句，其中包含一个who引导的定语从句和两个if引导的条件状语从句
like it） and start budgeting（if they run low on money）， people suffering from oniomania
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　现在分词短语作定语
are no longer able to make reasonable， let alone financially responsible， decisions.
　　译文：虽然喜欢购物的人如果不喜欢商品就会退货，如果资金短缺就会开始谨慎花钱，但患有购物癖的人不再能够做出合理的决定，更不用说对财务负责的决定了。
1.What do we know about oniomania？
A. It is a normal behavior.
B. It influences people’s health.
C. It means people who like shopping.
D. It describes people’s difference.
解析　B　细节理解题。由第一段，尤其是"oniomania can leave a negative impact on your financial health and mental wellbeing if left untreated"可知，购物癖会对你的财务健康和心理健康产生负面影响。由此可知，购物癖会影响人们的健康，故选B项。
2.What does the underlined phrase "run low on" probably mean？
A. Run out of. B. Go short of.
C. Look down on. D. Become rich in.
解析　B　词义猜测题。由画线短语前的"people who like shopping will return an item if they do not like it"可知，喜欢购物的人如果不喜欢商品就会退货。return an item if they do not like it与start budgeting if they run low on money是并列关系，同为描述喜欢购物的人的行为。start budgeting意为"开始谨慎花钱"。由此可推测，此处表示如果他们资金短缺，他们就会开始谨慎花钱，故画线短语与B项的意思最为接近。
3.What does the fourth paragraph mainly talk about？
A. Why many researchers take part in the study.
B. How everyone makes a wise decision.
C. How desirable objects are well welcome.
D. Why shopping makes common people happy.
解析　D　段落大意题。第四段的首句，即主题句"To a certain extent， spending makes everyone feel good"点明在某种程度上，消费让每个人都感觉良好。接着作者介绍了一个科学发现，从科学的角度分析了大脑的神经组织，解释了为什么人们在购物时会感到快乐，故选D项。
4.What is the benefit of treating oniomania？
A. It is beneficial to education.
B. It develops our desires.
C. It keeps our mind healthy.
D. It helps increase our income.
解析　C　细节理解题。由最后一段中的"it’s also about maintaining your personal mental health and improving your relationships with others"可知，治疗购物癖还可以维持你的个人心理健康，改善你的人际关系，故选C项"它使我们的头脑保持健康"。
二、七选五
We all want to save money， and with the cost of living on the rise， it’s become more important than ever to watch what we spend. One of the biggest increases in our spending at the moment is on energy. 　1　 That’s why many of us are looking at ways to save energy.
　2　 To try to achieve this， new homes in some countries will be banned from fitting new gas and oil boilers by 2025.Having a heat pump （热泵） instead can help save energy， but it’s unaffordable for many people， unless they’ve got spare cash.
For people who have to live within a tight budget， there are some low-budget solutions to lower energy usage. 　3　 Adding rolled-up towels to block the gaps will help. Investing in new double glass windows will certainly prevent heat from leaking， but if it’s still too costly， it might be worth using some heavy curtains to stop the heat escaping.
There are lots of other little things we can do around the home that will help save energy， don’t cost a fortune and just require changes to our behaviour. They could be as good as fitting or making something. Put covers on pots and pans when cooking — the food will be ready more quickly. Don’t overfill the container when boiling water， and don’t leave electrical items on standby. 　4　
So， we’re being encouraged to make the use of fuel more efficient. 　5　 We need to do it to reduce our carbon footprint， so that our energy usage doesn’t cost the Earth.
A. Warm air can escape from rooms easily.
B. It’s advisable to make the best of energy.
C. But our main aim isn’t just a financial saving.
D. The oil， gas and electricity used in our homes are costly.
E. We should consider more about the possible ways to deal with it.
F. Making our home more energy-efficient is the obvious way to save money.
G. A combination of such small measures could reduce energy bills by about 10％.
　　本文是说明文。随着生活成本的上升，人们都想减少日常开销，目前我们的支出中增长最大的方面之一是能源，文章给出了一些在家中节约能源从而减少开支的方法。
1.D　空前提到目前，我们的支出中增长最大的方面之一是能源，空后提到这就是为什么很多人一直在思考节能的方法，故空处内容应涉及能源方面的花费，D项"我们房屋里用的石油、天然气和电要花很多钱"承接上文，且解释了下文思考节约能源方法的原因。
2.F　下文提到为了实现这一目标，到2025年，一些国家的新住宅将被禁止安装新的燃气和燃油锅炉，用热泵代替以帮助节约能源。分析本段结构和大意可以看出，空后的this指代的应是空处出现的内容，且与节能做法有关，F项"让我们的家更节能是公认的省钱的方法"符合语境。选项中的"Making our home more energy-efficient"是this指代的内容。
3.A　空后提到了用卷起的毛巾、双层玻璃窗和厚重的窗帘等物品来阻止热量散出，A项"温暖的空气可以很容易地从房间散出"提出了问题，与后面的解决办法相呼应。
4.G　本段主要讲了可以在家里做很多其他的小事情来节约能源，如烹饪时盖上锅盖，烧开水时不要将容器装得太满，不要让电器处于待机状态，G项"这些小方法结合起来可以减少约10％的能源费用"是上文做法的结果。
5.C　空前提到因此我们被鼓励更加有效地利用燃料，空后是我们需要这样做来减少碳足迹，这样能源使用就不会以破坏地球为代价。由此可知，空处应起到过渡作用，将节能从减少日常开支引到环境保护，故选C项"但我们的主要目标并不仅仅是省钱"。
三、完形填空
[2024江苏南京六校调研]During my freshman year at Brooklyn College， credit card companies were eager to earn the business of students. 　1　 by various rewards programs that only told part of the story， many students signed up for one or more cards without understanding the 　2　 of late payment.
　3　 basic financial literacy （金融素养） meant many college students started off their adult lives with poor credit. 　4　， they faced challenges later in life when they needed to borrow money but couldn’t 　5　 a low-interest loan.
Poor credit　6　 me past college and years into my teaching career. That has fueled my sense of 　7　 to teach the next generation of students about personal finance. It’s why I helped develop a personal finance course for teens and young adults.
To make the class as　8　 as possible， we asked the students what 　9　 interested them. They were curious to know about buying homes and cars. Our course， intended for those aged between 14 and 21， has them 　10　 questions： How much do I need to save to make these purchases？ Which purchases do I prioritize？
We， educators， can help young people　11　 life after graduation， as there are many great 　12　 and developing our course was 　13　 than I had expected， which is why I hope more schools and youth organizations will offer financial education.
Financial literacy shouldn’t be optional because it puts those without it at a significant　14　. And if my 　15　 as a student and an educator have taught me anything， it’s that no one should have to learn important financial lessons the hard way.
　　作者通过自己的经历讲述了对学生来讲，金融教育的重要性。
1.A. Attracted B. Sponsored
C. Required D. Dominated
解析　A　根据后文"various rewards programs"和"many students signed up for one or more cards"可知，很多学生申请了不止一张信用卡是因为被信用卡提出的回报计划所吸引，故选A。 attract吸引，sponsor赞助，require要求，dominate支配。
2.A. conditions B. benefits
C. consequences D. processes
解析　C　由"late payment"和下一段中的"they faced challenges later in life"可知，因逾期还款，之后他们会面临麻烦，故此处指学生没有意识到信用卡逾期还款的后果，故选C。condition情况，benefit好处， consequence后果，process过程。
3.A. Displaying B. Maintaining
C. Abandoning D. Lacking
解析　D　句意：缺乏基本的金融素养意味着许多大学生以不良信用开始他们的成年生活。display展示，maintain保持，abandon抛弃，lack缺乏。D项符合语境。
4.A. However B. Therefore
C. Otherwise D. Instead
解析　B　句意：因此，当他们需要借钱，但无法获得低利息贷款时，就会在今后的生活中面临挑战。"　3　 basic financial literacy （金融素养） meant many college students started off their adult lives with poor credit."和"they faced challenges later in life when they needed to borrow money but couldn’t 　5　 a low-interest loan"构成因果关系，故选B。
5.A. secure B. guarantee
C. request D. settle
解析　A　参见上题解析。secure a loan意为"获得贷款"。
6.A. turned B. guided
C. followed D. tricked
解析　C　信用不良一直跟随着作者度过大学，直到作者的教学生涯。turn翻转，guide指导，follow跟随，trick欺骗。C项符合语境。
7.A. independence B. responsibility
C. achievement D. identity
解析　B　这也让作者感觉教学生个人理财方面的知识是自己的责任。independence独立，responsibility责任，achievement成就，identity身份。B项符合语境。
8.A. touching B. surprising
C. engaging D. inspiring
解析　C　由"we asked the students what 　9　 interested them"可知，我们问学生对什么话题感兴趣的目的是让理财课程有趣、有吸引力，故选C。touching感人的，surprising惊人的，engaging有趣的，inspiring鼓舞人心的。
9.A. words B. titles
C. courses D. topics
解析　D　由"They were curious to know about buying homes and cars"可知，他们对买房和买车感到好奇，故此处指我们问他们感兴趣的话题是什么，故选D。
10.A. posing B. considering
C. examining D. tackling
解析　B　句意：我们的课程专为14—21岁的人设计，让他们考虑了几个问题：我应该省下多少钱来买这些东西？我应该优先购买什么？pose提问，consider考虑，examine检查，tackle解决。B项符合语境。
11.A. search for B. pay for
C. prepare for D. care for
解析　C　句意：因为有很多资源，而且开发我们的课程比我想象中更加简单，我们教育者能帮助青年人为毕业后的生活做好准备，这也是为什么我希望更多的学校和青年机构能够提供金融教育。search for寻找，pay for为……付款，prepare for为……做准备， care for照顾。C项符合语境。
12.A. questions B. paths
C. examples D. resources
解析　D　参见上题解析。resource资源。
13.A. easier B. cheaper
C. safer D. stricter
解析　A　参见第11题解析。easier更简单的，cheaper更便宜的，safer更安全的，stricter更严格的。
14.A. distance B. disadvantage
C. point D. corner
解析　B　句意：金融素养不应该是选修课程，因为它会让那些没有该素养的人明显处于不利地位。distance距离；disadvantage不利条件，劣势；point点；corner角落。B项符合语境。
15.A. duties B. abilities
C. ambitions D. experiences
解析　D　句意：如果说我作为学生和教师的经历教会了我什么的话，那就是没有人应该只能通过艰难的方式来学习重要的理财课程。duty责任，ability能力，ambition抱负，experience经历。D项符合语境。Unit 3 The world meets China
一、阅读理解
A
[跨文化/]When Argentine thinker Juan José Sebrelli visited Shanghai in the 1960s as part of a delegation （代表团） invited by the Chinese government， he wrote that the city seemed strangely familiar.
I was reading his writing before boarding a plane on my first trip to Shanghai in 2016.By that time， I was doing research at home on how South American writers， diplomats （外交官）and politicians had developed a new world outlook. The opportunity of my life appeared when I was told I was recommended as the first scholar at a research center co-built by a research council of Argentina and Shanghai University for an exchange program.
My first year living in Shanghai was full of discoveries and adventures. I was in a constant state of curiosity. Every day， I discovered， tried and learned something new. In other words， the city impressed me： Its modern architecture and the opportunities that Shanghai gave to everyone made me feel that this place was one of the most dynamic places I’d ever been to. I recognized that this city allowed both locals and foreigners to rediscover and reinvent themselves. The experience of being in touch with a different culture has enriched my way of looking at and thinking about the world.
After three years， my program at the joint center came to an end. But Shanghai had another new surprise for me： I got an offer to work as a professor in Fudan University， which is an opportunity that I couldn’t refuse. Gradually， I regarded Shanghai as my second home and I fully understood the meaning of Sebrelli’s writing one day walking through my favorite spots of the city on Wuyuan Road and Wulumuqi Road. Several places made me have a strange feeling： The combination of Art Deco buildings and local stands on the street created an image of my homeland. At that moment， I understood that this city， as Sebrelli wrote， "is now a part of myself".
本文是记叙文。作者2016年到上海后在上海生活多年，对这座城市产生了不一样的情愫，将它当作自己的第二故乡。
【词语积累】　strangely adv.异常地，奇怪地，不可思议地　dynamic adj.充满活力的　reinvent v.以新形象示人，以新形式出现　joint adj.联合的，共同的
【熟词生义】　stand常用义：v.站，站立；起立；容忍，忍受　文中义：n.售货台（亭），货摊，展示台（架）
【长难句解读】　In other words， the city impressed me： Its modern architecture and the opportunities that Shanghai gave to everyone made me feel that this place was one of themost
that引导的定语从句 that引导的宾语从句，
dynamic places （I’d ever been to）.
其中包含一个省略关系词的定语从句
　　译文：换句话说，这座城市给我留下了深刻的印象：其现代建筑和给每个人的机会让我感到这是一个我去过的最有活力的地方之一。
1.Why does the author mention Juan José Sebrelli？
A. To explain Sebrelli’s influence on him.
B. To stress the close Argentina-China bond.
C. To introduce his own experience in Shanghai.
D. To show respect and admiration for Sebrelli.
解析　C　推理判断题。由第一段内容可知，阿根廷思想家Juan José Sebrelli在访问上海时曾写道，这座城市似乎让人熟悉得出奇。紧接着，第二段首句"I was reading his writing before boarding a plane on my first trip to Shanghai in 2016"提到在2016年作者开启了自己的上海之旅。由此可推知，作者提及Juan José Sebrelli是为了引出自己在上海的经历，故选C。
2.What did the author come to Shanghai to do？
A. To teach in a university.
B. To join in a program.
C. To develop a new outlook.
D. To lead joint research.
解析　B　细节理解题。由第二段的"The opportunity of my life appeared ... for an exchange program"可知，作者去上海是为了加入一个研究中心的交流项目，故选B。
3.How does the author find Shanghai？
A. It’s curious and strange.
B. It’s dynamic and fast-paced.
C. It’s inclusive and instructive.
D. It’s modern and highly developed.
解析　C　推理判断题。由第三段的"the opportunities that Shanghai gave to everyone""I recognized that this city...rediscover and reinvent themselves"可知，上海给予每个人机会，它允许当地人和外国人重新发现自己、重塑自己，这说明上海包容性比较强。根据第三段的"The experience of being in touch with...thinking about the world"可知，接触不同文化的经历丰富了作者看待和思考世界的方式。由此可知，上海对人有一定的启发性，故选C。
4.What does "a strange feeling" refer to in the last paragraph？
A. The sense of identity.
B. The sense of belonging.
C. The sense of purpose.
D. The sense of satisfaction.
解析　B　推理判断题。由最后一段的"I fully understood the meaning of Sebrelli’s writing ...this city， as Sebrelli wrote，‘is now a part of myself’"可知，有一天，当作者穿过五原路和乌鲁木齐路上他最喜欢的地方时，他完全明白了Sebrelli的话。好几个地方让他产生了一种奇怪的感觉：装饰派艺术风格的建筑和当地摊位结合在一起，形成了作者家乡的样子。在那一刻，他明白了这座城市"现在是他的一部分"。由此可推知，上海让作者产生了归属感，而"一种奇怪的感觉"指的正是这种归属感。
B
[2023贵州贵阳一模]In the past，the imported make-up（化妆品） shelves in Japan’s department stores were usually dominated （主导） by South Korean make-up. As "Chiborg boom" — Chinese-style make-up becomes popular on social media， Chinese make-up starts to make inroads in Japan.
The term "Chiborg" is a Japanese-made word， which is a combination of "China" and "cyborg"， referring to a Chinese beauty so perfect and inhuman that looks like a cyborg. In the eyes of Japanese young women， "Chiborg" usually uses bright colors reminding people of China’s classical Peking Opera， with a focus on eyes and lips to create a sharp and chiseled （轮廓分明的） look. While Japanese-style make-up always centers around cute and innocent features， Chinese-style make-up gives an appearance that is more elegant， cool and mature.
"Chiborg" began to attract the attention of Japanese young women around 2019， when abundant information on Chinese-style make-up was circulating on social media. It spread even more after tutorial videos of Chinese-style make-up were being posted.
Emilin， a Japanese girl who shared information on fashion on social media， posted a video on "Chiborg" and harvested more than 2 million views in January.
Another blogger called "Shikanoma" explained the unique charm（魅力） of "Chiborg"."Chinese-style make-up expresses the inner strength and confidence of a person and it feels new. I think the concept of a ‘cool woman’ is becoming widespread in Japan nowadays. I also desire to be a strong-willed woman，" she said.
According to Yueko Nishihara， a research planner at Japanese make-up and cosmetics portal site www. ， nowadays Japanese women tend to emphasize the emotional value of make-up， such as "I am happy to have it" or "It is fun to use".
"Furthermore， Chinese make-up is gradually shaking off the stereotype of cheap， low-quality products，" said Saya Hayashi， CEO of Japan Functional Cosmetic Laboratory Co. Ltd."A few years ago， it was thought that Chinese make-up was mainly aimed at middle- and low-income groups， but in the last year or two， there has been an increase in high-price， high-quality make-up， attracting office ladies and high-income customers，" she said.
　　本文主要介绍了中国化妆品已经进入日本市场，并深受日本市民的青睐。
【词语积累】　make inroads in进入（市场）
innocent adj.纯真的
elegant adj.优美的；高雅的　mature adj.成熟的
1.What can we learn from "Chiborg boom"？
A. South Korean-style make-up becomes popular in Japan.
B. Japanese-style make-up becomes popular in South Korea.
C. Chinese-style make-up becomes popular in Japan.
D. Peking Opera make-up becomes popular in South Korea.
解析　C　细节理解题。由第一段中的"As ‘Chiborg boom’— Chinese-style make-up becomes popular on social media， Chinese make-up starts to make inroads in Japan"可知，中国妆在社交媒体上很受欢迎，开始进入日本市场，由此可知，中国妆在日本很流行，故选C。
2.How does a woman look when using Japanese-style make-up？
A. Innocent. B. Elegant.
C. Cool. D. Mature.
解析　A　细节理解题。由第二段中的"While Japanese-style make-up always centers around cute and innocent features"可知，日本妆总是突出可爱纯真，由此可知，化日本妆，女士会显得可爱纯真，故选A。
3.Why does "Shikanoma" think "Chiborg" attracts Japanese young women？
A. It makes them sense upset.
B. It makes them feel confident.
C. It makes them get fame.
D. It makes them post more videos.
解析　B　细节理解题。由第五段的"Chinese-style make-up expresses the inner strength and confidence of a person and it feels new"可知，中国妆可以表达出人的内心力量和自信，由此可知，她认为中国妆会让人感到自信，故选B。
4.What can we learn about Chinese make-up from the last paragraph？
A. It is for low-income people.
B. It used to be expensive.
C. It aims at middle-income people.
D. There’s more for high-income people.
解析　D　细节理解题。由最后一段的"in the last year or two， there has been an increase in high-price， high-quality make-up， attracting office ladies and high-income customers"可知，近一两年中国化妆品在价格和品质上有所提升，吸引了女白领们和高收入的顾客，由此可知，有更多针对高收入人群的中国化妆品，故选D。
二、完形填空
[中华文化]Wu Ming， a young German born after 1995， is a big fan of Chinese culture. As he thought some diseases can’t be treated 　1　 with Western medicine， he decided to 　2　 traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. In 2015， Wu came to Henan Province， where a strong TCM culture can be 　3　. After a year of learning， he 　4　 the language barrier and started to learn Chinese medicine. Wu always 　5　 some Chinese herbal medicine by himself to know their flavours and effects， just like Shen Nong， a character in Chinese legend. In Wu’s opinion， TCM is one of the best-preserved 　6　 of Chinese culture.
Studying TCM also　7　 Wu’s mind and lifestyle. He used to be 　8　 to electronic devices， playing video games every night. Instead of being trapped in the fast-paced but unhealthy daily 　9　， he now lives a（n）　10　 and peaceful life， practicing good habits like drinking tea and reading.
Wu　11　 what he has learned to help his family. He always provides his family members with some advice about staying fit after 　12　 their skin or tongues online. Over time， his family gradually began to understand his 　13　 for TCM.
Wu thinks there’s no big difference between China and Western countries."　14　 comes from being out of touch，" said Wu. He plans to run a traditional Chinese clinic in Germany， which could serve as a 　15　 between the two countries and publicize TCM and its culture.
　　本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了德国人无名在中国学习中医并打算学成之后回国开设中医馆的故事。
1.A. immediately B. gradually
C. thoroughly D. consistently
解析　C　由于他认为有些疾病不能用西医彻底治愈，他决定钻研中医，故选C。
2.A. depend on B. dig into
C. look up D. work out
解析　B　参见上题解析。dig into钻研。
3.A. created B. enjoyed
C. advanced D. acknowledged
解析　B　2015年，无名来到河南，在那里他可以尽情享受浓厚的中医文化，故选B。
4.A. overcame B. seized
C. divided D. shifted
解析　A　经过一年的学习，他克服了语言障碍，开始学习中医，故选A。
5.A. raised B. sorted
C. cooked D. tasted
解析　D　无名总是亲自品尝一些中草药，以了解它们的味道和功效，就像中国传说中的神农一样，故选D。
6.A. aspects B. standards
C. themes D. means
解析　A　在无名看来，中医是中国文化保存最完好的方面之一，故选A。
7.A. enriched B. secured
C. expanded D. changed
解析　D　学习中医也改变了无名的思想和生活方式，故选D。
8.A. exposed B. reduced
C. restricted D. addicted
解析　D　他过去沉迷于电子设备，每天晚上都玩电子游戏，故选D。
9.A. businesses B. recreations
C. routines D. tasks
解析　C　他不再被困于快节奏但不健康的生活方式中，现在过着平衡且平静的生活，养成了喝茶和阅读等好习惯，故选C。
10.A. balanced B. wealthy
C. humble D. efficient
解析　A　参见上题解析。balanced平衡的。
11.A. employs B. promotes
C. outlines D. conveys
解析　A　无名利用他所学到的中医知识帮助家人保持健康，故选A。
12.A. scanning B. checking
C. exploring D. comparing
解析　B　他总是在网上检查家人的皮肤和舌苔后，给他们一些保持健康的建议，故选B。
13.A. concern B. wish
C. demand D. passion
解析　D　随着时间的推移，他的家人逐渐开始理解他对中医的热爱，故选D。
14.A.Misunderstanding B. Destruction
C. Stress D. Failure
解析　A　无名说："误解源自不沟通。"故选A。
15.A. source B. basis
C. bridge D. tool
解析　C　他计划在德国开一家中国传统诊所，作为两国之间的桥梁，宣传中医及其文化，故选C。
三、语法填空
[2023山东潍坊统考]National Geographic Explorer Paul Salopek has just hiked across the Erlang Mountain in Southwest China’s Sichuan Province. This is just a start of his 1　　　　　　（ambition） plan of trekking （徒步旅行） in China.
As a trekker with global footprints， Salopek is committed to experiencing different cultures all over the world and2　　　　　　（record） the lives of people he encounters on his journey. China，a large country with diverse natural and human landscapes，3　　　　　　（be） an important stop on Salopek’s global trek.
Starting in September 2021， Salopek set off from Yunnan Province and 4　　　　　　（plan） to walk through many regions."My route is not always to famous tourist landmarks，"says the explorer， who likes to visit grassroots areas 5　　　　　　（find） real life." It could be someone’s dinner table，6　　　　　　 the sight of an old Bai ethnic man weaving at home." Because every step of the way is new to him， Salopek tries to keep an open mind about 7　　　　　　 he can seek memorable things.
Salopek is also witnessing China’s achievements in the fields of ecology and wildlife conservation."I hiked across other places 8　　　　　　（empty） of their wildlife by human beings.TheGaoligong Mountains represent a chance for comfort，" Salopek says while hiking across the mountains.
Salopek is still currently 9　　　　　　 the road， walking across China，10　　　　　　 journey in China is being recorded by a film crew for a 10-episode documentary series entitled TheForeverWalk：China.
　　本文主要讲述了国家地理探险家保罗·萨洛佩克徒步穿越中国的所见、所闻、所感。他在中国徒步旅行的经历被拍成了纪录片——《永远的行走：与中国相遇》。
1.ambitious　考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰后面的名词plan，应用形容词，所以空处填ambitious。
2.recording　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处与空前的experiencing并列，同作介词to的宾语，所以空处填recording。
3.is　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。结合语境可知，此处陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时；主语China为第三人称单数，所以空处填is。
4.planned　考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，此处与空前的set off并列，同作本句的谓语动词，结合时间状语in September 2021可知，时态用一般过去时；主语Salopek与plan之间为主动关系，所以空处填planned。
5.tofind　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作非谓语，此处表目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语，所以空处填to find。
6.or　考查连词。结合句意"它可能是某人的餐桌，也可能是一位白族老人在家织布的场景"可知，空处前后为选择关系，所以空处填or。
7.where　考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词引导宾语从句，且在宾语从句中作地点状语，所以空处填where。
8.emptied　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处是非谓语动词短语作后置定语，empty与places之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，所以空处填emptied。
9.on　考查介词。此处考查固定表达on the road，意为"在旅途中"。
10.whose　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为Salopek，关系词在从句中作定语，表示"谁的"，所以空处填whose。Unit 2 Lessons in life
一、阅读理解
A
Everyone who knew anything about animals warned me against getting a rabbit in my early 20s， but I ignored them， and ended up with three. It turns out that all the people who are against rabbits have a point： Rabbits get sick all the time， and there are very few vets （兽医） who specialize in their care. My years with rabbits have been full of feeding， hurried trips to the vet， sleepless nights and begging for advice on the Internet.
Now that my animals are old and weak now， I clear their waste and clean their legs with a rabbit-friendly shampoo（洗涤剂）. I spend a lot of time on the floor， because although my rabbits are hard to satisfy socially， they also hate to be picked up.
I am often asked the question "Why rabbits？" or "Why not a dog， or a cat？". I try to describe what it’s like to be with them. I had never felt a real duty towards anything until I had my rabbits. My answers never satisfy anyone. I’m not sure about the question， either — it so often implies instrumental value， as if the correct reply might be "They make good companions" or "They’re nice to look at".
I don’t have the right kind of reason. I don’t believe in the use value of any living thing. Like humans， animals just are — that’s it. Usually we do not look at other people and think about how to make them work for us. Yet so much of our way of seeing the world is founded on the assumption that animals are meant to serve a purpose. This seems wrong.
After all these years with my rabbits， the only thing I know is that there is no lesson to be learned or value to be acquired. There’s just an effort to be made， and as far as I’m concerned， that’s what life is.
　　本文是记叙文。本文介绍了作者从养兔子这件事中获得的一些感悟。
【词语积累】　ignore v.忽视，对……不予理会
specialize v.专门研究，专门从事，专攻
pick up拿起，举起；（为某人）收拾，整理；改善，好转
companion n.旅伴，陪伴　assumption n.假定，假设
1.Why do people oppose keeping rabbits？
A. It’s very boring.
B. It costs a fortune.
C. It’s rather demanding.
D. It makes the house messy.
解析　C　推理判断题。由第一段中的"all the people who are against rabbits have a point...care"可知，兔子经常生病，专门治疗兔子的兽医很少，再结合第一段最后一句可推知，养兔子很费精力，故C项正确。
2.Which word can be used to describe the author？
A. Considerate. B. Knowledgeable.
C. Sociable. D. Energetic.
解析　A　推理判断题。由第二段"Now that my animals are old and weak... they also hate to be picked up"可知，作者照顾他的兔子时非常细心，考虑很周到，故A项正确。
3.What is the meaning of the underlined sentence in paragraph 4？
A. Animals should be treated differently.
B. Animals shouldn’t be judged on some purpose.
C. The value of animals shouldn’t be ignored.
D. Humans should live in harmony with animals.
解析　B　推理判断题。由第三段和第四段内容可知，作者经常会被问到为什么养兔子或为什么不养狗或猫，他认为这一问题常常暗示工具价值，人们看待世界的方式大多建立在动物起到某一作用这一假设上，作者认为这是不正确的。由此可以推知，画线句表达的意思是人们不应该基于某种作用来评判动物，故选B。
4.What effect does raising rabbits have on the author？
A. He keeps being true to himself.
B. He reflects on his interest more deeply.
C. He learns to value others’ opinions.
D. He realizes the meaning of life.
解析　D　推理判断题。由最后一段"After all these years with my rabbits... that’s what life is"可知，养兔子的经历让作者意识到努力才是生活的意义，故D项正确。
B
[2024安徽六安一中第三次月考]As my childhood passed， I began to realize outside of our region， southerners were often dismissed as uncultured and ignorant. I was ready to leave behind my tiny town in West Tennessee， starting a new life and jumping at big chances in some far-off cities. In that embarrassing space between "teen" and "adult"， my accent was a symbol of everything I thought I hated about my life in the rural South. I feared it would disqualify me from being a noted magazine writer. I would have to talk less "country". So I killed a piece of myself. I’m ashamed of it， but I’m more ashamed that I tried to kill that part of someone else — change Emily’s accent.
I met Emily in college. She was determined to work for the student newspaper， which was where I spent most of my waking hours， and we became friends. She， unlike me， accepted her roots. Early in our friendship， her mother asked where I was from， assuming it was somewhere up north. Then I felt my efforts paid off and even wanted to ignore the mistake.
Emily is two years younger and she cared about my opinion. I advised her to be more like me and hide her signature Manchester accent. I stressed that throughout our college years， often by making fun of her vowel （元音） sounds. I told myself I was helping her achieve her dream of working as a reporter. Now， I see that it was actually about justifying my hiding part of myself.
Grandma Carolyn used to tell me， "Girl， don’t forget where you come from. The bloodline is important for families and deserves high regard no matter what others think of it — it forms the base of our identity， and it’s the context for the stories we tell through time." Now I truly understand that. Many things have faded from memory， but this sticks in my mind with uncomfortable clarity. Now that I am grown and have left the South， it’s important to me.
　　本文是记叙文。作者出生在田纳西州的乡村地区，长大后，她意识到南方人留给外界的印象是愚昧无知，她想要离开家乡。上大学后，作者努力改掉自己的南方口音，并且试图"纠正"朋友Emily的口音。后来作者意识到要牢记并尊重自己的"根"。
【词语积累】　dismiss v.不予考虑，摒弃，对……不屑一提；免职　jump at迫不及待地接受，欣然接受
disqualify v.使不合格，使不适合　noted adj.闻名，著名
justify v.证明……正确（或正当、有理）；为……辩护
bloodline n.世系，血统　clarity n.清晰，清楚，明确
【熟词生义】　regard常用义：v.将……认为，把……视为，看待　文中义：n.尊重，尊敬
1.What made the author want to leave her hometown？
A. Her dislike for her accent.
B. Her dream of becoming a writer.
C. Appeal of big chances in cities.
D. Outside prejudice against the South.
解析　D　细节理解题。由第一段中的"As my childhood passed...southerners were often dismissed as uncultured and ignorant...starting a new life"可知，作者长大后开始意识到，其他地方的人经常认为南方人是没有文化和无知的，这一偏见使作者想要离开她的家乡，开始新的生活，故选D项。
2.How did the author feel about the mistake of Emily’s mother？
A. Upset. B. Pleased.
C. Guilty. D. Surprised.
解析　B　推理判断题。由第二段中的"Early in our friendship， her mother asked where I was from， assuming it was somewhere up north...mistake"可知，Emily的母亲问作者来自哪里，她以为是北方的某个地方，这让作者觉得自己的付出有了收获，甚至想忽略这个误会。再联系上文提到的作者想要脱离家乡，改掉自己的南方口音可知，Emily的母亲误以为作者是北方人，这让作者感到高兴，故选B项。
3.Why is the author ashamed for trying to change Emily’s accent？
A. She did that to prove herself right.
B. She ignored Emily’s love of her accent.
C. That failed to help Emily be a reporter.
D. That did more harm than good to Emily.
解析　A　推理判断题。结合第一段中的"but I’m more ashamed that I tried to kill that part of someone else — change Emily’s accent"和第三段中的"I told myself I was helping ...Now， I see that it was actually about justifying my hiding part of myself"可知，作者之前说让Emily改掉口音是为了帮她实现当记者的梦想，但实际上是为了证明她要改掉自己的口音这一做法是对的，她为此感到惭愧，故选A项。
4.What lesson has Carolyn taught the author？
A. To appreciate the bloodline.
B. To remember and respect her roots.
C. To preserve her own identity.
D. To care less about others’ opinions.
解析　B　推理判断题。由最后一段中的"don’t forget where you come from ...we tell through time""Now I truly understand that...sticks in my mind with uncomfortable clarity"可知，祖母告诉作者不要忘记自己来自哪里，血统对家庭很重要，无论别人怎么看，它都值得尊重。现在作者真正理解了这一点，并且牢记于心。由此可推断，祖母教会了作者要记住并尊重自己的根。
二、七选五
[2023山东济南学情检测]Choice， we are given to believe， is a right. But for a good many people， choice gives birth to anxiety. Interested in the idea "too many choices are dizzy"， I have been conducting an experiment. 　1　
When presented with a menu in a restaurant， I’ll only consider the first few options on each page. I know， it sounds crazy. 　2　 I used to read the menu a long time instead of sitting back and talking to my dining companion. These days I quickly select the best-sounding dishes and then chat and eat. In doing so， I find myself trying new things. The other night， for example， I ordered a smoked chicken salad. If I had permitted myself to glance further down the list， this would never have happened. But guess what？　3　 So limiting my choices can sometimes lead me to a wider range of experiences.
　4　 I can now access many films and TV series， yet after ten minutes of looking through apps and menus， I will more often than not find myself watching whatever Channel 4 has scheduled at 9 p.m. So before I even turn on the TV， I ask myself： what do I want to watch？ I think of a program. Then I just watch it.
This devotion to a simpler set of possibilities came in handy when our summer holiday to America was canceled. I didn’t go through a million Tripadvisor reviews for the best replacements. I simply went on Airbnb， saw what in England was still available and immediately booked the one I could afford. 　5　 And now I can actually focus on enjoying our holiday.
A. It was delicious.
B. It never proved worth a try.
C. But it’s actually quite liberating.
D. It interprets a lifestyle： less is more.
E. The same applies to home entertainment.
F. In doing so， I saved myself days of travel anxiety.
G. I’ve been expanding the choices I allow myself to have.
　　作者通过讲述自己的几个亲身经历，诠释了一种生活方式：少即是多。
1.D　由上文的"Interested in the idea...conducting an experiment"可知，因为对"选择太多让人头晕"的想法感兴趣，作者一直在进行一项实验。结合下文作者的几个亲身经历可知，本文主要介绍限制选择、把事情简单化带来的好处，所以空处应该是作者得出的一个结论，故选D项"它诠释了一种生活方式：少即是多"。
2.C　由上文的"When presented with...on each page"可知，当作者在餐厅拿到菜单时，他只会考虑每页的前几道菜。根据下文的"I used to read...my dining companion"可知，作者过去常常花很长时间看菜单，而不是坐下来和他的用餐伙伴聊天。据此可推断，空处说的是在餐厅点菜只看菜单每页的前几道菜的好处，即不用在菜单上浪费时间，而是留出时间和用餐伙伴聊天，故选C项"但这实际上很让人解脱"。
3.A　由上文的"The other night...But guess what？"可知，作者尝试了一道新菜；再根据下文的"So limiting my...range of experiences"可知，这道菜给了作者不同的体验，故选A项"它很美味"。A项中的It指代上文举例的新菜"a smoked chicken salad"。
4.E　由下文可知，该段主要介绍作者现在可以看到很多电影和电视剧，但在应用程序和菜单上看十分钟后，经常会发现自己在看晚上9点第四频道安排的节目。据此可知，本段都是关于家庭娱乐的，故选E项"这同样适用于家庭娱乐"。
5.F　由上文的"This devotion to...I could afford"可知，作者简化了旅行的方式；再根据空后的"And now I can actually focus on enjoying our holiday"可知，空处应该和空后内容是并列关系，都是简化旅行方式带来的好处，F项"这样做，我避免了几天的旅行焦虑"符合语境。
三、完形填空
[2024广东惠州一调]At a family picnic for employees of the company where my father worked， they held a contest for children. I was 13， full of enthusiasm， so I 　1　 myself into it.
The host gave each child a cloth handkerchief and told us the winner would be the one who cast it the　2　. The first throwers， took mighty wind-ups， but when the cloth left their hands， it 　3　 and landed on the ground a few inches in front of them. The crowd roared with 　4　. Not until then did I realize it was not meant to 　5　 any real skill， but simply for laughs. However， it stimulated my 　6　 for thinking outside the box.
It　7　 me to see that the kids threw harder but the handkerchief always caught the air and died. It was obvious that using the same 　8　 would not work. Suppose I tied a（n）　9　 inside the handkerchief？ When they inspected it， I’d be 　10　. So I began tying the handkerchief around itself to make it small and 　11　 packed together to keep it from unfolding. When I approached the line， people were already laughing，　12　 a big strong-looking boy like me casting it just a few inches.
I took a long wind-up， and the balled handkerchief 　13　 off maybe 60 feet away. The laughing 　14　 in collective shock. I had not broken the rules. What I learned from this contest was that， in order to live creatively， you have to 　15　 the less-used parts of your brain， and not accept stereotypes （刻板印象）， slogans and unquestioned ideas.
　　作者父亲供职的公司为职工的孩子们举办了一场扔布手帕比赛。作者从此次比赛中总结出一条经验，即为了创造性地生活，我们必须挖掘大脑中较少使用的部分，不要受固有思维模式的影响。
1.A. admitted B. threw
C. trapped D. talked
解析　B　由上文的"full of enthusiasm"可知，作者对父亲公司举办的这场比赛热情满满，因此投入到这场比赛中，故选B。throw oneself into sth."投身于某事，积极从事某事"。
2.A. farthest B. strongest
C. highest D. biggest
解析　A　由下文的"The first throwers， took mighty wind-ups"并结合常识可知，此处表示在扔布手帕比赛中，谁扔得最远谁就是赢家，故选A。
3.A. escaped B. wrinkled
C. opened D. appeared
解析　C　由空后的"landed on the ground a few inches in front of them"并结合常识可知，当布手帕离开他们的手时，布手帕就打开了且落在他们前面几英寸的地上，故选C。escape逃跑，wrinkle起皱，appear出现。
4.A. pain B. applause
C. laughter D. anger
解析　C　由下文的"but simply for laughs"可知，由于布手帕落地的位置与孩子们的努力有很大的落差，所以人们哄堂大笑，故选C。laughter笑声。
5.A. demonstrate B. teach
C. improve D. learn
解析　A　直到那时作者才意识到举办扔布手帕比赛不是为了展示任何真正的技能而仅仅是为了搞笑，故选A。demonstrate展示，teach教，improve改进，learn学习。
6.A. responsibility B. imagination
C. demand D. passion
解析　D　这次比赛激发了作者跳出固有思维模式的热情。responsibility责任；imagination想象；demand需求；passion激情，热情。
7.A. delighted B. frightened
C. amused D. annoyed
解析　D　作者看到孩子们扔得更用力而布手帕总是在空中展开且落下感到很生气，故选D。delight使高兴，frighten使恐惧，amuse逗乐，annoy使恼怒。
8.A. cloth B. technique
C. height D. line
解析　B　由下文的"Suppose I tied a（n）　9　 inside the handkerchief？"可知，作者想改变一下方法。由此可推知，此处表示"很明显，用同样的手法是行不通的"，故选B。technique技术，手法。
9.A. ant B. rock
C. leaf D. shoe
解析　B　由上文可知，布手帕之所以扔不远是因为太轻；由常识可知，要想扔得远些，需要增加其重量，所以作者想在布手帕中绑一块石头，故选B。
10.A. fined B. disqualified
C. dismissed D. banned
解析　B　由下文的"So I began tying the handkerchief around itself to make it small"可知，作者担心如果被发现在布手帕里绑石头，自己就会被取消资格，故选B。fine罚款，disqualify取消资格，dismiss解雇，ban禁止。
11.A. loosely B. randomly
C. firmly D. delicately
解析　C　由空后的"keep it from unfolding"可知，作者把布手帕团起来，使它小而牢固地包在一起以防止它展开，故选C。loosely宽松地，randomly任意地，firmly牢固地，delicately精致地。
12.A. anticipating B. enjoying
C. stopping D. confirming
解析　A　人们之所以笑是因为他们预料像作者这样强壮的男孩也只能将布手帕扔出去几英寸而已，故选A。anticipate预料，预计。
13.A. dashed B. jumped
C. shot D. rocketed
解析　D　由空前的"I took a long wind-up"以及空后的"60 feet away"可知，作者使像球一样的手帕飞出去了很远，故选D。此处rocket作动词，意为"急速移动"。
14.A. died B. roared
C. continued D. weakened
解析　A　该空与上文中的"people were already laughing"相呼应，人们之所以笑是因为他们预料作者也会重蹈其他孩子的覆辙，结果却出乎预料，因此笑声应是消失了，故选A。die消失，roar咆哮，continue持续，weaken变弱。
15.A. glance through B. tap into
C. give up D. go over
解析　B　作者从此次比赛中总结出一条经验，即为了创造性地生活，你必须挖掘大脑中较少使用的部分，不要接受刻板印象、口号和公认的想法，故选B。glance through浏览，tap into开发，give up放弃，go over仔细检查。Unit 1 Looking forwards
一、阅读理解
A
[奋斗精神]A mother of nine who started medical school when her youngest child was 4 years old graduated with her degree and plans to be a neurosurgeon （神经外科医生）.
Sarah Merrill， now 41， said her journey to medical school began at age 17.She then met her husband and got married. Merrill first thought about going to school part-time to get a degree， but later she decided to follow her dream of attending medical school. Certainly， it was a challenge. Speaking of her successfully returning to university， Merrill thought it was credited to her family largely."When I was accepted at the Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine， we moved from Pennsylvania to Arizona，" said Merrill， who is moving to Indiana with her family to begin her residency （实习期） in neurosurgery."In fact， they volunteered these movements. I know it was tough for all of us."
Merrill and her children often have "homework parties" where they study for their own courses. Merrill’s choice has given a fillip to her children. Merrill felt touched knowing her 11-year-old daughter wants to become a surgeon and overhearing her son tell his friends his mom’s going to be a cool brain surgeon， though he doesn’t understand that really.
Merrill’s next step into a neurosurgery residency will take her into a male-dominated field where only 5％ of board certified neurosurgeons are women. Dr. Michele Halyard at the Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine said Merrill was known as a focused student. Halyard said， "If you can deal with nine children and keep your reason， the residency should be a piece of cake because no amount of stress will make you fail."
Merrill had considered choosing a more family-friendly specialty， but， again， chose to dream big and follow her original pursuit. It’s the same advice she would give to all."Set the goal that is what you’re really enthusiastic about， and it helps to think small. If you know what your priorities are， focus on the next step. Then you’ll get where you want to go."
　　本文是记叙文。 Sarah Merrill是一位有9个孩子的妈妈，在她最小的孩子只有4岁时，Merrill决定追逐梦想上医学院。获得医学学位后，Merrill选择成为一名神经外科医生。
【词语积累】　male-dominated adj.男性主宰的
reason n.理智，理性，判断力
a piece of cake轻而易举的事，举手之劳
specialty n.专业，专长；特色菜
【熟词生义】　credit常用义：n.信誉，信用　文中义：v.认为是……的功劳，把……归于
1.Why does Merrill speak of the movements of her family？
A. To show the support of her family.
B. To stress her determination to be a doctor.
C. To reflect difficulties in attending college.
D. To describe the process of pursuing her dream.
解析　A　推理判断题。由第二段中的"Speaking of her successfully returning to university， Merrill thought it was credited to her family largely...In fact， they volunteered these movements"可知，Merrill认为她能成功回到校园主要归功于她的家人，为了方便她学习，Merrill一家从宾夕法尼亚州搬到亚利桑那州，现在为了她的工作又要搬到印第安纳州，并且这么多次搬家是她的家人主动提出的。由此可推断，Merrill提到搬家是为了说明家人的支持。
2.What does the underlined word "fillip" in paragraph 3 mean？
A. Entertainment. B. Inspiration.
C. Commitment. D. Confusion.
解析　B　词义猜测题。由画线词后的"knowing her 11-year-old daughter wants to become a surgeon...though he doesn’t understand that really"可知，Merrill 11岁的女儿想成为一名外科医生，她的儿子告诉朋友们他的妈妈会成为一名很酷的神经外科医生，由此可推断，Merrill决定成为一名神经外科医生的选择激励了孩子们。inspiration"鼓舞人心的人（或事物）"与画线词含义相近。
3.What does Halyard mean？
A. Merrill will have more stress to handle.
B. Staying focused and sensible is key to success.
C. Being a mom makes Merrill a better doctor.
D. She is confident of Merrill’s being a neurosurgeon.
解析　D　推理判断题。由第四段中的"If you can deal with nine children and keep your reason， the residency should be a piece of cake because no amount of stress will make you fail"可知，Halyard认为如果Merrill能应对9个孩子并保持理智，那么神经外科医生的实习期应该是小菜一碟，因为即使再多的压力也不会打倒她。由此可推断，她对Merrill通过实习期成为神经外科医生充满信心，故D项正确。
4.What does Merrill suggest at last？
A. Starting with small things.
B. Getting your priorities right.
C. Being true to your passion.
D. Having the courage to dream big.
解析　C　细节理解题。由最后一段中的"chose to dream big and follow her original pursuit. It’s the same advice she would give to all" "Set the goal that is what you’re really enthusiastic about"可知，Merrill建议遵循最初的追求，设定真正热爱的目标，故C项正确。
B
In the digital age， opportunities are arising for everyone. However， only those putting plans into action can stay ahead. Alexandr Wang is one such example.
Los Alamos National Laboratory was where Alexandr spent his childhood. Both his parents were physicists there. Alexandr， from a young age， had a sharp mind. As a kid， he was regarded as a math wizard （奇才） and competed in national math and computer competitions. Finishing high school， Alexandr entered MIT where machine learning and AI amazed him. He saw the potential of AI， and was excited about how it could change the world. But it wasn’t making a real impact. His ambition to set up an enterprise committed to that was seeded then.
At 17， he got the role of tech lead at Quora and dropped out of MIT."I told my parents it was just going to be a thing I did for the summer. Obviously， it wasn’t，" Alexandr said. Surely， his parents were disappointed. They all knew he made that change filled with unexpected risks. But Alexandr said， "If you aren’t willing to take a risk now， then when？" Alexandr met Lucy Guo at Quora， with whom Alexandr founded Scale AI， a considerable success.
In fact， at that time， there were various opportunities in the tech world. It was hard to decide which road they should go down. Then he and his team decided to take a different approach — instead of following diverse paths， they agreed to focus on one. They went with "imagery， computer vision and other kinds of sensor data". And that is what made the company’s profits rise quickly. Scale AI has a current net worth of about $7.3 billion， with Alexandr being the world’s youngest self-made billionaire.
When asked lessons he’d like to share with founders， Alexandr stated there are a number of things. "The top one is always doing things that are consistent with your values and how you want to build a company initially. When you talk to investors， they’ll contribute advice that may go against your object. Figure out your focus and what gets you started."
　　本文是记叙文。Alexandr自幼被认为是一个数学奇才，高中毕业后他进入麻省理工学院。在那里，机器学习和人工智能吸引了他。后来为了追求自己的志向，他毅然辍学，后来白手起家，和Lucy Guo一起创建了公司Scale AI，成为全球最年轻的亿万富翁。
【词语积累】　put sth. into action将某事付诸实施
sharp adj.敏锐的，灵敏的，敏捷的
commit to sth.全心全意投入（工作、活动等）
considerable adj.相当多（或大、重要等）的
net worth 净资产
【熟词生义】　seed常用义：n.种子，籽v.播种　文中义：v. （喻）使萌芽，使发展
【长难句解读】　The top one is always doing things {that are consistent with your values and
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　that引导定语从句，先行词为things。
（how you want to builda company initially）}.
其中how引导宾语从句，该从句与your values并列，作with的宾语
　　译文：最重要的是，要始终做与你的价值观和你最初创建公司时的规划一致的事情。
1.What inspired Alexandr to build Scale AI？
A. The work at Quora.
B. His experiences at university.
C. The influence of his parents.
D. His talent for math and computer.
解析　B　细节理解题。由第二段中的"Alexandr entered MIT where machine learning...His ambition to set up an enterprise committed to that was seeded then"可知，Alexandr进入麻省理工学院后被机器学习和人工智能吸引，但是那时人工智能并没有产生真正的影响。于是他建立一家致力于利用人工智能改变世界的企业的雄心壮志在那时就萌芽了。
2.What is mainly talked about in paragraph 4？
A. The key to the success of Scale AI.
B. Challenges of Alexandr’s career.
C. Alexandr’s great achievements.
D. The process of founding Scale AI.
解析　A　段落大意题。第四段讲了在Alexandr创建Scale AI时，科技界有很多机会，他很难决定他们应该选择哪条路。后来他和他的团队决定采取一种不同的方法——专注于一条路径，而不是选择多条路径。他们选择了"图像、计算机视觉和其他类型的传感器数据"，这就是该公司收益迅速上升的原因。"And that is what made the company’s profits rise quickly"是对本段中心的概括。由此可知，第四段主要介绍了Scale AI成功的关键。故选A。
3.What does Alexandr advise founders to do？
A. Stick to one particular direction.
B. Keep an open mind on suggestions.
C. Remain true to the original intention.
D. Find a motive for starting a company.
解析　C　推理判断题。由最后一段中的"The top one is always doing things that are consistent with... what gets you started"可知，Alexandr建议创业者始终做与你的价值观以及最初创建公司时的规划一致的事情。当投资者给出与自己的目标不符的建议时，要弄清你的关注点以及你开始的动力，即要忠于自己的初衷，故C项正确。
4.Which of the following can best describe Alexandr？
A. Clever and generous.
B. Courageous and outgoing.
C. Ambitious and sociable.
D. Adventurous and determined.
解析　D　推理判断题。由第二段中的"His ambition to set up an enterprise ... was seeded then"和第三段中的"At 17， he got the role of tech lead at Quora and dropped out of MIT""Alexandr ... founded Scale AI， a considerable success"可推断，Alexandr创立一家人工智能公司的决心非常坚定；根据第三段中的"If you aren’t willing to take a risk now， then when？"和第四段中的"Then he and his team...focus on one"可知，Alexandr敢于冒险、勇于尝试。由此可知，他意志坚定且敢于冒险，故D项正确。
二、七选五
[2024重庆育才中学、西南大学附中联考]You will be leaving this school at the end of this year and the unavoidable question many people will ask you is， "So， what do you want to be？" 　1　 But many of you still don’t have a clue！ Here are some things you might want to consider.
First， choose a career that interests you. Some people might think this is unimportant， but if you are truly passionate about your job， then going to work every day won’t seem a chore. It’s also likely that you will stay and grow in this career.　2　 This can help you decide if a career path is a good fit for you.
Second， does the career you are considering have staying power？ Will it be in demand in 20 years？ Rapid technological change is disruptive （破坏性的）.　3　 While many occupations are being taken over by new technology， jobs that require a high level of critical thinking， emotional intelligence and human interaction， remain in high demand. These jobs are more adaptable and not easily replaced by machines or technology.
Third， of course you will want to consider your chosen profession’s earning power！ Although high pay plays a part， you should know that a job with a big salary will likely require more time to get to the top， much more effort and a higher level of stress.　4　 If you have interests outside of work， or are struggling with other demands in your life， you might want to choose a less taxing job.
　5　 Let me leave you with an old saying： "Choose a job you love， and you will never have to work a day in your life."
A. We need to be forward-looking at our future prospects.
B. Some of you may have already decided on a career path.
C. Trying different jobs can help you choose your favorite profession.
D. People’s wages are lower in industries with slow technological change.
E. Only the truly motivated people will likely be able to face these challenges.
F. Before making a choice， you should examine your values， skills and personality type.
G. It can’t be denied that thinking about a life-long career at this stage in your life is challenging.
　　本文是一篇说明文。文章针对选择职业给予了一些实用的建议。
1.B　"So， what do you want to be？"谈到了职业问题，选项B承接上文，说明有些人已经有了选择职业的决定，又引出下文"But many of you still don’t have a clue！ "，说明还有许多人没有决定，故选B项。
2.F　下文"This can help you decide if a career path is a good fit for you."说明以上建议可以帮助你选择一条适合自己的职业道路，选项F给出了选择职业之前的建议，引出下文，故选F项。
3.A　上文"Second， does the career you are considering have staying power？ Will it be in demand in 20 years？ Rapid technological change is disruptive （破坏性的）."说明需要考虑职业的未来发展如何，选项A承接上文，和上文之间存在因果关系，因为快速的技术变革具有破坏性，所以需要考虑职业的前景，故选A项。
4.E　上文"Although high pay plays a part， you should know that a job with a big salary will likely require more time to get to the top， much more effort and a higher level of stress."说明高薪工作也需要更多的付出，选项E"只有真正有动力的人才有可能面对这些挑战"承接上文，和上文之间存在因果关系，因为高薪需要更多付出，所以只有真正有动力的人才能面对挑战，故选E项。
5.G　下文"Let me leave you with an old saying：‘Choose a job you love， and you will never have to work a day in your life.’ "建议选择自己喜欢的职业，选项G承接上面段落，引出下文，对文章进行总结概括。在人生的这个阶段考虑终身事业是具有挑战性的，因此尽量选择自己喜欢的职业，故选G项。
三、完形填空
[2024湖北武汉部分学校调研]In February Chen Qiqi was riding on a field trip， seeking interesting plants in South China’s Hainan Province. Suddenly， she 　1　 and gave other passengers a shock.
As the car pulled over， she jumped off and　2　 to the plant. Chen 　3　 the plant at close quarters， while taking pictures and shooting it from various angles."It was Entadaphaseoloides（榼藤） and I couldn’t wait to share it with my 　4　，"she says.
She applied for studies of　5　 protection at college in 2015.The college study has given her 　6　 knowledge of plants and the plant-hunting 　7　 has made her have a good 　8　 of the natural world. These led to her option of becoming a teacher at a（n）　9　 education institute after graduation.
However， an unexpected thing interrupted her plan so she couldn’t 　10　 with it. Instead， she picked up skills of video shooting， which 　11　 her to be a plant video blogger. Her short videos cover a 　12　 range of plants， including red spider lilies and air plants， etc. In Chen’s 　13　 on TikTok， over 100 videos explaining varieties of plants have earned her almost 1 million followers.
"I feel proud and my job is　14　 when people say they know about some plants because of me." As for her future plans， Chen says she 　15　 to carry on exploring the world of plants.
　　本文以博主陈奇奇在海南寻找榼藤的经历引入话题，介绍了她如何走上植物科普这条道路，取得的成绩以及未来的计划等。
1.A. hesitated B. screamed
C. stopped D. collapsed
解析　B　由下文中的"As the car pulled over， she jumped off"可以看出，她非常激动。再结合空后的"gave other passengers a shock"和选项可知，她激动得尖叫（screamed）了起来，这吓到了别的乘客。hesitate犹豫，踌躇，迟疑；stop停止；collapse倒塌，倒下。
2.A. drove B. walked
C. rolled D. rushed
解析　D　由空前的"As the car pulled over， she jumped off"可以看出，她非常激动。因此，车一停下她就跳了下来，冲向（rushed）榼藤。
3.A. cut B. smelt
C. removed D. observed
解析　D　由下文中的"at close quarters， while taking pictures and shooting it from various angles"可知，她近距离地观察（observed）这株植物并拍照。
4.A. audience B. students
C. passengers D. staff
解析　A　由下文中的"a plant video blogger"可知，她是植物视频博主，故此处表示她迫不及待地想要和观众（audience）分享自己的发现。
5.A. plant B. community
C. food D. wildlife
解析　A　由下文中的"The college study has given her 　6　knowledge of plants"可知，她在大学学习植物（plant）保护。本空也可以结合全文的话题去判断，通篇讲的都是与植物相关的话题，由此可见，陈奇奇很可能具有植物学习的经历。community社区，社会；food食物；wildlife野生动物，野生生物。
6.A. formal B. previous
C. systematic D. abstract
解析　C　由第5题的解析可知，她在大学学习植物保护。由常识可知，大学的专业学习会让她具备系统化的（systematic）植物知识。formal正式的；previous先前的，以往的；abstract抽象的。
7.A. choice B. degree
C. experience D. requirement
解析　C　结合上文可知，陈奇奇在寻找植物并很有收获。由此可见，寻找植物的经历（experience）让她对自然世界有更好的掌握（command）。choice选择；degree度，学位；requirement要求，必要条件。
8.A. taste B. command
C. view D. comment
解析　B　参见第7题解析。have a good command of精通，对……掌握熟练。
9.A. nature B. health
C. life D. environment
解析　A　由上文中的"The college study has given her 　6　 knowledge of plants...have a good 　8　 of the natural world"可知，这样的经历让她在毕业后选择成为一所自然（nature）教育学院的老师。
10.A. conflict B. proceed
C. compare D. end
解析　B　由上文中的"an unexpected thing interrupted her plan"和下文中的"Instead， she picked up skills of video shooting"可知，她不能继续（proceed）教学。conflict冲突，争执，争论；compare比较，对比；end结束。
11.A. forbade B. reminded
C. enabled D. forced
解析　C　由空前的"she picked up skills of video shooting"和空后的"to be a plant video blogger"可知，她学会拍摄视频的技巧，这使得她能够（enabled）成为一名植物视频博主。forbid禁止，不准；remind提醒，使想起；force强迫，迫使（某人做某事）。
12.A. narrow B. new
C. superb D. diverse
解析　D　由空后的"including red spider lilies and air plants， etc."可知，她的视频包括各种各样的（diverse）植物。
13.A. account B. idea
C. profile D. setting
解析　A　由空后的"over 100 videos"和"earned her almost 1 million followers"可知，此处讲的是她社交媒体账号（account）的情况。
14.A. amusing B. valuable
C. challenging D. practical
解析　B　由空后的"when people say they know about some plants because of me"可知，当人们说他们因为她了解了一些植物时，陈奇奇感到自豪，觉得自己的工作有价（valuable）。amusing有乐趣的，好笑的；challenging挑战性的，考验能力的；practical真实的，实际的，切实可行的。
15.A. pretends B. manages
C. longs D. ceases
解析　C　结合空前的"her future plans"和空后的"carry on exploring the world of plants"可知，关于她未来的计划，陈奇奇渴望（longs）继续探索植物世界。