Unit 6 Space and beyond
Nowadays， people have become accustomed to space travel. If Neil Armstrong hadn’t set foot on the Moon in 1969， much discovery of space wouldn’t have been done. Following his Moon landings， space travel soon became unexceptional to the public. When theChallengerspace shuttle took off in 1986， the world seemed to have lost its wonder at the amazing achievements of the astronauts involved and forgotten how hazardous space travel could be. Tragically， the space shuttle exploded and the crew on board were killed. As the Challenger disaster cast a big shadow on the public， many reports were submitted requesting that space shuttle flights should be suspended for a few years. It took nearly three years before our enthusiasm was rekindled and the Discovery was launched successfully. The sacrifice of the Challenger reminds us that we must continue to reach for the stars no matter how distant they might seem.
1 suspendvt.暂停，中止；悬挂；使暂时停职（或停学等）
1.He was suspended from school for his repeated disturbing behavior.
2.The airline declared the suspension （suspend） of flights between the two cities due to the sudden outbreak of the disease.
3.由于列车停运，司机因无法处理紧急情况而被停职。
Due to the suspension of the train ， the driver was suspended from his position for his inability to handle emergency.
★be suspended from悬挂在……上；被停职（或停学等）
★suspension n.延缓，暂停；停职
2 submit（submitted，submitted，submitting）v.提交，呈递；屈服，被迫接受
1.Papers on ecology submitted （submit） after the deadline will be considered late and receive lower grades.
2.She had to submit herself to listening （listen） to his continuous complaint about his school policy for there was no one else in the room.
点拨
submit （oneself） to…中的to为介词，其后只能跟名词、代词、v-ing形式作宾语。常见的容易出错的to作介词的短语有make contributions to doing， get down to doing， the key/answer to doing， when it comes to doing等。这些短语中的to容易被误以为是不定式符号，需要特别注意。
3.When is the final date for the submission （submit） of our proposals？
4.在任何情况下我们都不应该向生活中的挑战和困难屈服。（读后续写之主旨升华）
Under no circumstances should we submit （ourselves） to the challenges and hardships in life .（submit）
5.如果你对这个职位感兴趣，请于12月28日之前提交申请至校办公室。（通知）
If you’re interested in the position， please submit your application to the school office before 28th December.
★submit sth. to…向……提交某物
submit （oneself） to…屈服/顺从于/不得已接受……
★submission n.提交，呈递；屈服
submissive adj.顺从的
3 become/be/getaccustomedto（doing）sth.习惯于（做）某事
1.Even though the brain is used to ignoring （ignore） unnecessary details， it is programmed to remember repeated information.
2.我们太习惯于使用手机获取信息以至于我们发现安静地坐着读会儿书很困难。
We are so accustomed to using our mobile phones for information that we find it difficult to sit quietly and read for a while. （accustom）
★accustomed adj.习惯于；惯常的
★become/be/get used to （doing）sth. 习惯于（做）某事
4 castashadowon/over给……蒙上阴影
1.The director cast Jane as an ambitious lawyer， for which she was nominated as Best Actress.
2.If you were cast （cast） on a deserted island， what would you do？
3.这一悲剧给他们的生活蒙上了阴影，使他们郁郁寡欢。（情绪描写）
The tragedy cast a shadow on/over their lives ， making them gloomy and depressed.
4.我认为约翰会成为一个好班长，所以我要给他投票。
I think John will make a good monitor， so I’d like to cast a/my vote for him .
★cast v.（cast， cast）投射（光、影子等）；向……投以（视线、笑容等）；投；掷；选派角色；投票n.全体演员
cast sb. as sb.选某人扮演某人
cast a/one’s vote （for…）（为……）投票
5 "情态动词＋havedone"结构
1.克里斯在期末考试中取得如此好的成绩，一定非常努力学习了。
Chris must have studied very hard to achieve such good academic performance in the final exam.
2.我本不需要那么着急，去香港的航班因为台风被取消了。
I needn’t have been in such a hurry .The flight to Hong Kong was cancelled due to the typhoon.
3.史密斯先生不可能去北京了，因为我刚才还在图书馆见过他。
Mr Smith can’t/couldn’t have gone to Beijing ， for I saw him in the library just now.
4.我本应该在今天下午四点与你见面的，可是我母亲突然来看我，因此我出不去了。（道歉信）
I should have met you at four o’clock this afternoon， but my mother suddenly came to visit me， so I couldn’t go out.
5.我本打算昨天去你家向你表示祝贺，但是你不在。
I would have visited your home to congratulate you yesterday， but you were out.
★常见的"情态动词＋have done"结构：
（1）表示猜测：
may/might have done 可能做过
must have done 一定做过
can’t/couldn’t have done 不可能做过
（2）表示与事实不符：
could/should/would have done 本能/该/打算做（而没做）
shouldn’t have done 本不该做（而做了）
needn’t have done 本不必做（而做了）Unit 5 Into the unknown
Loulan， whichcorresponds toPompeii buriedunder the desert， always intrigues me. So I was thrilled when I won a trip to it. Iset out on 23 July and arrived on 30 July. Seeing theruins in front of me， I couldn’tdismiss the idea that this city was once busy and had notablecivilisation.
There was a scholar in our team who had thrown himself into the archaeological research of Loulan for years. With him being our guide， we learnt a lot about this mysterious city. The reason why Loulan wasabandonedand fell intoruin is unclear. Some believe that the downfall of this civilisation is because of climate change. The residents had no choice but to make a getaway and run for their lives.
1 buryvt.将……埋在下面；埋葬，安葬
1.[译林选必②-4]The time capsule， buried （bury）50 feet below the ground in a park， was designed to be opened in the year 6939.
2.听到自己的家人被埋在废墟之下，他双手掩面，忍不住哭了出来。（读后续写之情绪描写）
Hearing that his family were buried in ruins ， he buried his face in his hands and couldn’t hold back his tears.
3.Focusing on what we are doing at present， we can fight for a brighter future for ourselves and for our country.
→ Burying ourselves/Buried in what we are doing at present ， we can fight for a brighter future for ourselves and for our country.（根据bury的用法对画线部分进行改写）
★be buried in sth.＝bury oneself in sth.埋头于/专心于某事
bury one’s face in one’s hands 双手掩面
2 ruinn.残垣断壁，废墟；毁坏，毁灭 vt.毁坏，糟蹋；使破产（或失去地位等）
1.On 8 November 2013， Super Typhoon Haiyan swept through the Philippines.All of a sudden， Tacloban City lay in ruins.
2.She went through a period of emotional adjustment（情绪调整） after her company fell into ruin and she finally decided to find a new job.
3.We visited the ruins of the Summer Palace last winter.It was ruined by foreign invaders（侵略者）.（ruin）
点拨
ruin作"残垣断壁，废墟"讲时，是可数名词，常用复数形式；作"毁坏，毁灭"讲时，是不可数名词，常用搭配fall into ruin。
4.这场意外毁了他的计划，他愤怒地大叫了一声。（读后续写之情绪描写）
With his plan ruined by the accident， he let out a cry of anger. （with复合结构）
★lie/be in ruins 严重受损，破败不堪
fall into ruin 衰落
the ruins of………的遗迹
★ruin one’s health/fame 损害某人的健康/名声
3 abandonvt.离弃，逃离；舍弃，丢弃；放弃，中止；沉湎于
1.结合语境写出下列句子中画线部分的含义
①[译林选必③－3]After receiving the order to abandon ship， Louis saved more men from the water， dragging them into the lifeboat. 舍弃，丢弃
②[译林选必①－2]Even in his darkest moments， however， Beethoven never abandoned hope. 放弃
③They abandoned the sports meet because of the rain. 中止
2.When walking in the forest in the bitter cold， they came across an old abandoned （abandon） cottage.
3.史蒂文沉湎于丢失了他的猫的悲伤中，禁不住哭了起来。（读后续写之情绪描写）
Abandoning himself to the sorrow of losing his cat ， Steven just couldn’t help crying.（分词短语作状语）
★abandon oneself to sth. 沉湎于某事，陷入（某种情感）
★abandoned adj.被遗弃的，废弃的；放纵的
4 dismissvt.拒绝考虑，否定；让（某人）离开，解散；解雇；消除，去除（思想、感情等）
1.结合语境写出下列句子中画线部分的含义
①[外研选必④－5]Although his theory has been dismissed by scholars，it shows how powerful the secrets of Ancient Maya civilisation are among people. 拒绝考虑，否定
②The professor dismissed the class early because she had a meeting. 解散
③Mary was at the risk of being dismissed since she always chatted with others during the working time. 解雇
④Dismissing her fears， she climbed higher. 消除
2.He failed to pass the drug test， and the boss had to dismiss him from his job.
3.逃跑的念头在心头一闪，但我立刻打消了，认为这样做不现实。（读后续写之心理描写）
The thought of escape crossed my mind， but immediately I dismissed it as unrealistic .
★dismiss…as…因……拒绝考虑……
dismiss sb. from sth. 从……解雇某人；从……消除……
★dismissal n.免职，解雇；不予考虑
5 correspondto相当于；与……相符
1.We should be clear about the functions and benefits of the Internet， one of which is that we can correspond with people in distant places.
2.His interest in writing came from a long correspondence （correspond） with a close college friend.3.对话的书面记录与实际所说的不相符。（correspond）
The written record of the conversation doesn’t correspond with/towhat was actually said .
4.鸟的翅膀相当于人的手臂。
The wings of a bird correspond to the arms of a man.
★correspond v.相当于；符合；通信
correspond with…与……相符；与……通信
★correspondence n. 往来书信；通信联系
6 setout动身踏上（漫长的）旅途；出发，启程；（怀着目标）开始工作
1.Once you set out to do （do） something， you must spare no effort to achieve it.
2.The person I admire most is my cousin， who set up her business when in college.
3.Sometimes it is unavoidable to set aside half-completed tasks in order to deal with something urgent that’s come up or has to take priority.
4.We set out for the mountain at 11 pm and reached the top at 5 am for the sunrise.
5.Note-taking should be 75％ listening and only 25％ writing， so don’t try to set down every single word the teacher says.
★set out to do sth. 开始做某事
set out for…动身前往……
set about （doing）sth.着手（做）某事
set aside 留出；把……放到一旁；暂时不考虑
set down 写下，记下
set off 出发；引起；使爆炸
set up 建立；安排；创建，开办
7 with复合结构
1.With so many problems to address （address）， we decided to hold another meeting as soon as possible.
2.The moment I walked into the gallery， I noticed the painter， with his eyes focused （focus） on a statue.
3.The park is always crowded on weekends， with large amounts of people enjoying （enjoy） themselves there.
4. With tears in his eyes （眼里含着泪水）， the elder soldier stood there still， watching the red flag rising to the sky.（读后续写之情绪描写）
★with＋宾语＋adj./adv./介词短语
with＋宾语＋to do（表示动作尚未发生）
with＋宾语＋doing（表示主动、动作正在进行）
with＋宾语＋done（表示被动、动作已完成）Unit 4 Everyday economics
Growing up in a valley full of roses， Zhang Yue didn’t realise their potential for making cosmetics until she graduated from university. She decided to start her cosmetics business. During the initial phase， she met with many challenges. Fortunately， a major manufacturer was willing to purchase the product and help with its distribution. Now， her product is one of the best in Asia.
Zhang Yue provided someguidance for enterprising young people， "You must realise you might encounter many unexpected obstacles running your own business. For example， apart from the large input of your energy and time， you have to invest lots of money， thereby putting you at great risk of financial problems so you should be psychologically prepared in case you go into debt." What’s worse， generally speaking， entrepreneurs are so busy that some even develop their business at theexpenseof their health.
1 potentialn.（事物的）潜力，可能性 adj.潜在的，可能的
1.Doctor Lawrence Craven introduced the idea in the 1950s that aspirin had the potential to reduce （reduce） the risk of heart attacks.
2.Carrying many different viruses， wildlife can potentially （potential） infect human beings and should be banned from trade.
3.只有拥有坚定的决心和坚强的毅力，你才能充分发挥你的潜力。（建议信）
Only with strong determination and great perseverance can you achieve/realize your full potential. （倒装句）
4.去山谷徒步旅行是很大的乐趣，但我们不应该对潜在的风险视而不见。
It’s great fun to go hiking in the valley， but we shouldn’t turn a blind eye to the potential risks .
★have the potential to do sth.有做某事的潜力
potential for （doing）sth. （做）某事的潜力
achieve/realize one’s （full） potential （充分）发挥某人的潜力
★potentially adv.潜在地
2 distributionn.（商品的）分销，经销；分布；分配，分发
1.[外研选必④－4]After I went on TV， a major Asian manufacturer of cosmetics was willing to purchase my product and help with its distribution （distribute）.
2.The money was distributed to/among schools in the area， which is sure to help many children from poor families.
点拨
注意，本题考查的是distribute…to/among…的被动形式。此处改为主动形式应为：distribute the money to/among schools。
3.到目前为止，大量的食物已经分发给了受地震影响的人。
Up to now， large quantities of food have been distributed to/among people affected by the earthquake.
★distribute vt.分发，分配；分销
distribute…to/among…把……分发/分配给……
3 guidancen.指导，引导
1.The new graduates are desperate for guidance on/about how to choose a future career.
2.As teenagers， sometimes we do need our parents’ guidance （guide），especially in terms of social experiences.
3.正是在你耐心的指导下我才能在这次英语口语竞赛中取得优异的成绩。（感谢信）
It is under your patient guidance that I was able to get good grades in the Oral English Contest. （强调句）
★under the guidance of/under one’s
guidance 在……的指导下
guidance on/about sth. 关于某事的指导
★guide n.导游；指南；指引者v.指引；指导
4 expensen.费用，花费；开销
1.The ancient historic site is extremely expensive （expense） to preserve， but the local government spends some money repairing it every three years.
2.你应该全力以赴，但为了通过考试而以健康为代价是不明智的。（建议信）
You should try your best， but it’s unwise of you to get through the exam at the expense of your health .
★at the expense of…以损害……为代价
★expensive adj.昂贵的
5 gointodebt陷入债务之中，负债
1.He has no money.To make things worse， he has been in debt for a long time.
2.你如果用信用卡花的钱超过了你的偿还能力，就会不知不觉负债。
If you spend more money through your credit cards than you can pay off ， you’ll go/get/run/fall into debt before you know it.
3.我欠你一份感谢之情，是你在我有困难时给了我实用的建议和及时的帮助。（感谢信）
I owe a debt of gratitude to you. It was you who offered me practical advice and timely help when I was in trouble. （强调句）
★be in/out of debt 欠债/不负债（强调状态）
go/get/run/fall into debt 陷入债务之中（强调动作）
pay off one’s debts 还清某人的债务
owe a debt of gratitude to sb.感激某人
前缀super-
通过构词法猜测画线单词在语境中的词性及含义。
1.[全国Ⅲ]Sarah was told that she could be Britain’s new supermodel， earning a million dollars in the next year. n.超模
2[外研选必④－5]It’s argued that the 30th parallel north is a line of great natural energy， with frequent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions…Lacking any concrete evidence， some even claim it was supernatural powers！ adj.神奇的，超自然的
3.[外研选必③－4]But while super-intelligent AI could be the biggest leap forward in human history， if it goes wrong or falls into the wrong hands， it could also be the most dangerous.
adj.超级智能的
4.[译林选必②－4]When you wear a VR headset equipped with sensors and a screen， you are surrounded by three-D images， sounds and other sensory information， which creates a super-realistic effect called "presence". adj.超现实的 Unit 3 The world meets China
Dunhuang， a gateway to and from Ancient China， has a long and glorious history. In recent years， the government has kept an eye onforest coverage around Dunhuang in order to protect the treasures. If only action had been taken prior to the environmental decline. But it’s not too late. Scholars and historiansthink highly ofwhat they have done. The relevant departments will alsostrengthen the commitment to environmental protection. It’s believed that it won’t be long before we achieve enormous success.
1 strengthenvt.&vi.加强，（使）变强
1.The publication of GreatExpectations， which was both widely reviewed and highly praised， strengthened （strength） Dickens’ status as a leading novelist.
2.To make trainees of a team perform better， the trainer first of all has to know their strengths and weaknesses （了解他们的优缺点）.
3.Practicing Chinese kung fu can not only build up one’s strength （增强一个人的体力），but also develop one’s character.（strength）（中国文化）
★strength n.体力，力量；优势；强度
build up one’s strength 增强体力
strengths and weaknesses 优缺点
2 coveragen.覆盖范围；新闻报道；保险范围
1.结合语境写出下列句子中画线部分的含义
①I was disappointed to see the lack of coverage of this groundbreaking scientific research. 新闻报道
②They are complaining about the deficient medical insurance coverage. 保险范围
③Because of using wood for fuel， the country’s forest coverage dropped by nearly 10 percent from 1992 to 2018. 覆盖范围
2.再往上走，天气变了——低低的云层笼罩着山坡，山坡上长满了茂密的草。（读后续写之景色描写）
Further up， the weather changes — low clouds envelop the mountainsides， which are covered with/by thick grass .
3.我们的新学校体育场占地约6 000平方米，是旧体育场面积的三倍。
Our new school stadium covers an area of about 6，000 square meters ， which is three times the size of the old one.
★cover vt.包含，涉及；遮盖；覆盖；行走（一段路程）；报道；占（一片面积）；足以支付n.封面；套子
cover…with…用……遮盖……
be covered with/by…被……覆盖/遮盖
cover an area of…占地面积为……
3 keepaneyeon照看，留意
用eye的相关短语完成句子
1.We’ve asked the neighbours to keep an eye on the house for us while we are away.
2.Linda has an eye for fashion， which makes her a very good shopping companion.
3. In my eyes （在我看来）， his perseverance may account for his great achievement in his research work.
4.Although you should be praised for accomplishing your composition ahead of time， you cannot shut/close your eyes to those grammar and spelling mistakes.
★have an eye for…对……有鉴赏力（或识别力、眼力）
shut/close one’s eyes to…对……视而不见
in one’s eyes 在某人看来
4 thinkhighlyof高度评价
1.他为社区里的穷人做了很多事情，人们对他评价很高。
He has done so much for the poor in his community that people think highly of him .
2.这项活动备受推崇，因为它不仅为我们提供了锻炼的机会，而且使我们更加团结。（活动介绍）
The activity is highly thought of ， because not only does it provide chances for us to exercise， but it also makes us more united.
★当think highly of 用于被动语态时，副词highly应放在thought之前，且of不能遗漏，即构成"be highly thought of"结构。
5 ifonly但愿，要是……就好了
1.—Johnson， come and look at the sea！ It’s beautiful， isn’t it？
—Absolutely！ If only I lived by the sea （要是我住在海边就好了）.
2.I left for Beijing yesterday. If only she had come to see me off （要是她来送我就好了）.
3.如果我是只鸟，能在天空中自由地飞翔就好了！
If only I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky！
★if only常常用来表达强烈的愿望或遗憾，其后的句子多用虚拟语气：
①表示现在没有实现的愿望→谓语用一般过去时（be动词通常用were）；
②表示过去没有实现的愿望→谓语用"had＋过去分词"形式。
动词后缀-en和前缀en-
动词后缀-en表示"使，使成为，变得"；动词前缀en-表示"使成为，使处于……状态"。
-en en-
本单元 strengthen v.加强
拓展 weaken v.削弱；（使）虚弱 encourage v.鼓励
threaten v.威胁 enlarge v.扩大
frighten v.使惊吓 endanger v.使遭危险，危害
deepen v.（使）变深；加强 enrich v.使丰富，充实
shorten v.（使）变短 ensure v.保证，确保，担保
从[构词示例]中选择适当的单词，并用其正确形式填空。
1.[江苏高考]Wildlife has been greatly threatened in the modern age.There are species（物种） that are disappearing every day.
2.[北京高考]One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories.That’s why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.
3.With encouragement from my friends， I had one of my poems sent to the magazine.
4.Following the planned time will ensure you have enough sleep to get to those early classes and stay wide awake.
5.Our tour also includes a chance to walk in the footsteps of Xu Xiake.Fields of flowers， tiled roof（瓦屋顶） villages and tasty meals enrich this wonderful experience.
6.We should take action to save endangered animals and plants， and set up special areas to protect them before the next extinction comes.Unit 2 Lessons in life
1.With time going by， styles of art changed beyondrecognition. People got rid of the pessimistic attitudes and adopted a more optimistic attitude to life. Rich people paid famous artists to paint pictures of themselves as well as their luxury houses and possessions. Let’s come straight to the point： they wanted to show off their social class. There usually exist some people enjoying making themselves distinguished from others even though sometimes what they do may seem abnormal.
2.During the holiday， I was reunited with my friends， including Julia， whom I had lost touch with since last May. When knowing Julia failed to get through the midterm exam， I felt sad for her because she told me she had been cramming for the exam all week. But I anticipated that. I knew she sometimes was no more careful thanJane. Maybe that was why they both failed to get a good result in the exam.
1 possessionn.[C，usually pl.]财产，财物；[U]拥有
1.①[人教选必④－4]The only possessions （possess） I could see were one broom， a few saucers， a kettle， cups， pans， and a couple of jars.
②The possession （possess） of a passport is essential for foreign travel.
点拨
possession作"拥有"讲时，表示一种抽象的状态，是不可数名词；作"财产，财物"讲时，是可数名词，且常用复数形式。第①题中，空后的I could see是省略了关系词的定语从句，修饰空处的名词，由主句谓语动词were可知，空处应用复数形式。
2.You can succeed only when you have strong determination and great perseverance.
→ Only in possession of strong determination and great perseverance can you succeed. （倒装，词汇升级）
3.作为中国四大名著之一，这本书具有极大的智慧，展现了中文的精髓，值得一读。（中国文化）
As one of China’s Four Great Classical Novels， the book possesses great wisdom and represents the essence of Chinese， which makes it worth reading.（possess）
★in possession of拥有（强调状态）
in sb.’s possession＝in the possession of sb.为某人所有
take possession of 拥有；占有（强调动作）
★possess vt.拥有；具有（特质）；（情绪等）控制
2 recognitionn.[U]承认，认可；认识，识别；赏识，赞赏
1.Lincoln is recognised to be （be） one of the greatest presidents of America.
2.The village has changed out of/beyond all recognition （已经变得完全认不出来）， with rows of factories built on what used to be farmlands.
3.人们意识到环境污染已经成为他们所面临的最严重的问题之一。
It is recognised that environmental pollution has become one of the most serious problems that people face.
★out of/beyond （all） recognition （完全）认不出来
★recognisevt.认出；承认，意识到
recognise…by/from…根据……认出……
be recognised as/to be…被认为是……
It is recognised that…人们意识到……
3 getthrough（设法）处理，完成；打通（电话）；顺利通过（考试等）；用完，耗尽；渡过（难关）
1.结合语境写出下列句子中画线部分的含义
①[人教选必①－4]A smile can help us get through difficult situations and find friends in a world of strangers. 渡过（难关）
②I rang you up several times this morning but somehow could not get through. 打通（电话）
③In spite of the difficulties， he managed to get through the work on time. 完成
④Assuming that I get through the college entrance examination， my father will reward me with a latest laptop. 顺利通过（考试）
2.Having lived in China for months， I have got used to having （have） an afternoon nap（午睡）.
3.As an outgoing boy， I can get along/on with the rest of the team （与团队其他人相处得很好）.
4.Excitement swallowed him and he embraced me. At that time， I knew he had already got over the fear in his imagination （他已经克服了他想象中的恐惧）.（读后续写之心理描写）
★get across 被理解；把……讲清楚
get over 克服
get on/along with和睦相处
get down to （doing）sth.开始（做）某事
get used to （doing）sth.习惯于（做）某事
4 losetouchwith与……失去联系（表示动作）
1.为了不互相失去联系，小组中的所有人都交换了电话号码。
In order not to lose touch with each other， everyone in the group exchanged telephone numbers.
2.对这个职位有兴趣者请联系李华。（通知）
Those who are interested in the position please get in touch with Li Hua.
3.When I was in fifth grade， we had a pen-pal program with a class in Australia， but when the school year ended， I fell out of touch with my pen pal.
4.我的一些同班同学赞成带手机上学，因为他们能与父母保持联系。
Some of my classmates are in favour of taking phones to school because they can keep/stay in touch with their parents.
★get in touch with 和……取得联系
keep/stay in touch with 和……保持联系
be in/out of touch with 和……有/失去联系
5 nomore...than...同……一样不……
1.这本书跟那本书都不贵。
This book is no more expensive than that one.
2.她和我一样不会说中文。
She’s no more capable of speaking Chinese than I am.
3.与其说他是个聪明的人，倒不如说他是个有天赋的人。
He is no more a wise man than a talented man.
★含有消极、否定的意思，着重强调than前的部分。相当于not…just as…not。
★可用于表示同一个人的两个方面择其一，意为"与其说……，倒不如说……"。
前缀co-/con-/com-
从[构词示例]中选择适当的单词，并用其正确形式填空。
1.[外研选必④－2]TheBlueBird is a typical full-length play， which means it has several acts and each act is composed of several scenes.
2.When we stay up late， we find it hard the next day to concentrate and learn.
3.Now we do almost everything on the Internet.I can’t imagine what my life would be like without Internet connection .
4.[江苏高考]Chimps（黑猩猩） will cooperate in certain ways， like gathering in war parties to protect their territory.Unit 1 Looking forwards
Wang Ming loves running. When he was in his boyhood， hemade up his mind to become a world-class athlete， so he took action immediately. He arose early in the morning and put offhis bedtime. Whenever you saw him， he was practicing regardless of the circumstances. Two years later， he gained admission to the national team.
He worked hard in the team and never passed up any training opportunities. Sometimes he got injured， but he never had second thoughts about his dream. Once recovered， he said that he had no alternativebut to train harder. Ultimately， he wasqualified for the Olympics.
Now hisambition of winning a gold medal has been achieved and he is known by numerous people. When interviewed by a correspondent， the young man， who was thoughtful for a while， said， "Looking backwards， I have a complex feeling. The passing years is a mixture of sweat and tears， and the gold medal symbolizes my way to success."
1 ambitionn.追求，理想
1.Modern women are energetic， ambitious （ambition）， and most of all， persistent in pursuit of their goals.
2.My ambition is to become （become） a pilot after graduation.
点拨
ambition作主语时，常用动词不定式作表语。
3.她要实现成为著名作家的理想并不容易。
It is not easy for her to achieve/realize her ambition of becoming/to become a famous writer .
★achieve/realize one’s ambition实现某人的理想
an ambition of doing sth./to do sth. 做某事的理想
★ambitious adj.有野心的，有雄心的
2 alternativen.可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的
1.Facial recognition technology is a quick and cool alternative to traditional passwords， and you cannot forget your own face！
2.You can turn to a travel agency. Alternatively （alternative），you can organize your own trip.
3.鉴于外面的暴风雪，我们别无选择，只能待在家里。
Given the snowstorm outside， we have no/little alternative/choice but to stay at home .
★an alternative to...……的替代品（to是介词）
have no/little alternative/choice but to do sth.除了做某事之外别无选择
★alternatively adv.要不，或者
3 arise（arose，arisen）vi.（由……）引起；产生，出现；起床，起身
1.结合语境写出下列句子中画线部分的含义
①[人教选必②－4]The next morning， the two girls arose early to take the train to Lake Louise， passing through the Canadian Rockies. 起床
②An appropriate amount of temporary pressure can serve as a kind of motivation to do something well， but once it becomes constant or permanent， psychological problems are likely to arise. 出现
③We can’t hope to solve all the ecological problems， many of which arise directly or indirectly from overuse of the earth’s resources. （由……）引起
④Seeing his mother return home， the boy arose from his chair immediately. 起身
2.大部分现代人的心理问题源于生活和工作中过多的压力。
Most of the mental problems of modern people arise from too much pressure from life and work.
易混辨析
·rise为不及物动词，意为"上升；站起来，起床"。
·raise为及物动词，意为"增加，提高；举起，提起；抚养，养育；饲养；筹募，征集"。
·arouse为及物动词，意为"激起，引起（感情、态度）"。
·arise为不及物动词，意为"（由……）引起；产生，出现；起床，起身"。
★arise from＝arise out of…由……引起/因……产生
4 qualifiedadj.合格的，胜任的
1.Having seen the advertisement for the qualified （qualify） employees， a great many applicants made the call.
2.A victory in this game will earn them qualification （qualify） for the World Cup.
3.Those who have passed the examination are qualified to compete （compete） for a post.
4.我相信，以我的教育背景和工作经历，我完全能胜任这个职位。（申请信）
With my educational background and working experience， I believe I am well qualified for the position.
★be qualified for sth./to do sth.胜任某事；有资格做某事
★qualify vi.取得资格（或学历）vt.使合格，使具备资格
qualification n.获得资格；合格
5 takeaction采取行动
用take的相关短语完成句子
1.The polluted water discharged by the chemical factory is polluting the river and we have to take action/steps/measures immediately.
2.The new rules are expected to take effect in January 2025.
3.I will take advantage of this opportunity to introduce traditional Chinese culture to foreign students.
4.Some people believe that taking risks and challenging themselves to explore and travel to unfamiliar places can be a very rewarding experience.
★take effect 生效，开始实施；开始起作用，见效
take steps/measures 采取措施
take risks 冒险（做某事）
take a chance 碰碰运气；冒险
take advantage of 利用
6 makeupone’smind做出决定，拿定主意；下定决心
1.[人教选必①－5]Whether they can live a healthy life is the first thing they are considering.So they have made up their minds to move （move） to the countryside， where they can live a green life.
2.Suddenly， a good idea came/sprang to mind （一个好主意突然出现在脑海里）.
3.She couldn’t keep/fix/concentrate her mind on her schoolwork （无法把注意力集中在功课上） with loud cheers outside disturbing her constantly.
4.但我们需要记住，我们在社交媒体上看到的往往不是一个人的全部真面目。
But we need to keep/bear in mind that what we see on social media is often not the whole truth about a person.
★make up one’s mind to do sth.下决心做某事
keep/bear…in mind（keep/bear in mind that…）记住……
keep/fix/concentrate one’s mind on…全神贯注于……
come/spring to mind突然记起（或想到）
bring/call sb./sth.to mind 使想起某人/某事物
7 putoff推迟……，使……延期
1.We have to put off our plan because my parents have more pressing things to attend to.
2.Mary is really good at taking notes in class.She can put down almost every word her teacher says.
3.As far as I am concerned， the view that Mary put forward the other day is worth discussing.
4.A notice was put up in order to remind the students that the lecture had been cancelled.
5.He tries to put some time aside every evening to read to the kids.
★put up with忍受，忍耐
put away把……收拾起来
put aside把……暂放一边；把……留作后用
put down 放下；写下；镇压
put forward 提出，提议，建议
put up 举起；张贴；投宿；建造
8 "疑问词＋-ever"引导让步状语从句
1.珍妮知道，无论她做出什么决定，她的家人都支持她。
Jenny knew that， whatever/no matter what she decided ， her family was right behind her.
2.我们无论将来走到哪里，都不会忘记家乡的美丽景色。
Wherever we go in the future/No matter where we go in the future ， we will never forget the beautiful sight of our hometown.
3.欢迎对摄影感兴趣的人免费参加。（通知）
Whoever is interested in photography is welcome to participate for free.
点拨
第1题和第2题中的whatever和Wherever均引导让步状语从句，可以分别用no matter what和No matter where替换。第3题中的Whoever在此引导的是主语从句，不能用No matter who替换。
★"疑问词＋-ever"引导让步状语从句，意为"无论……"，可与"no matter＋疑问词"互换。
★whatever，whoever和whichever除了引导让步状语从句外，还可以引导名词性从句，此时不可与no matter what，no matter who和no matter which互换。
