Unit 6 Disaster and hope
Ⅰ.语法填空——词形转换、固定搭配
1.[2022全国乙] They could do precisely （precise）the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points.
2.[2021全国乙]The collapse was disastrous， requiring the emergency （emergent） medical team and good teamwork.
点拨
此处用名词作定语，表示"应急医疗队"。
3.[北京高考]Some students don’t have a reliable （rely） car， while others have to share vehicles with parents who work six days a week.
4.[江苏高考]Wildlife has been greatly threatened （threat）in the modern age. There are species（物种） that are disappearing every day.
5.[天津高考] It seldom occurred to them to wander a bit， to take a moment to see what’s around them.
Ⅱ.阅读理解——一词多义、熟词生义
1.[北京高考] In my first P.E. class， the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball.
n.（跑道等的）一圈
2.[江苏高考]The Internet enables us to exchange ideas with many others to check our claims， and to judge our actions. n.主张
点拨
claim除了作名词，作动词更为常见，表示"声称，断言；索取，索要；夺去（生
命）"。如：
[人教必修③－3]Over 3，000 lives were claimed in the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and the series of fires that occurred after it. v.夺去（生命）
[湖南高考]It’s about time they had to be registered and insured， so when they do hit a pedestrian or a vehicle，or cause an accident， at least they can be traced and there might be an opportunity to claim. v.索要
Ⅲ.写作——基础写作、读后续写
写作一 基础写作——应对自然灾难
假定你是李华，你们班上周举行了以"如何应对自然灾难"为主题的英语讨论会。请你向全校学生做一份报告，分享你们的讨论成果，内容如下：
1.自然灾难的种类及危害；
2.如何应对自然灾难。
◎写作要点
1.世界上每年都会有自然灾难发生，比如火山喷发、山体滑坡、台风、暴风雪等，这些自然灾难威胁人类的生命和财产。（disaster， occur， landslide， typhoon， blizzard， threaten）
Natural disastersoccur every year in the world， such as volcanic eruptions，landslides，typhoons and blizzards， all of which threaten humans’ life and property.
2.我们应该学习一些紧急状况下自我营救的方法。（emergency）
We should learn some methods of self-rescue in an emergency.
3.我们必须尽快从悲伤中恢复过来，并迅速采取行动，救助生命，重建家园。（immediately）
We have to recover from sadness as soon as possible and take action immediately to save lives and reconstruct our homes.
4.随着人类科技的进步，政府会对自然灾难进行准确的预报，并且发布相关的通告。（precisely， forecast， announcement）
With the progress of human science and technology， the government will preciselyforecast natural disasters and issue relevant announcements.
◎连句成篇
请运用恰当的连接词将以上写作要点串联成一篇语意连贯的短文。
Hello everyone， I am Li Hua， and it’s my honor to have such an opportunity to share our discussion with you about "How to Deal with Natural Disasters".
As we all know， natural disasters occur every year in the world，such as volcanic eruptions， landslides， typhoons and blizzards， all of which threaten humans’ life and property， so there is much we can do to deal with natural disasters. First of all， we should learn some methods of self-rescue in an emergency.Second， when disasters occur， we have to recover from sadness as soon as possible and take action immediately to save lives and reconstruct our homes. Fortunately，with the progress of human science and technology， the government will precisely forecast natural disasters and issue relevant announcements.
Finally， let’s keep on protecting nature and cherish life together.
写作二 读后续写——情感描写之失望与绝望
积累背诵 仿写运用
单 词 disappointed， desperate， down； disappointment， despair， desperation 根据左栏素材完成下列各句 1.令我们失望的是，我们一整天只卖出了一半的爆米花。 To our disappointment ， we only sold half of the popcorn after a whole day. 2.父母试了几次，还是没能把我的头从南瓜里弄出来。我开始感到绝望。 After several attempts， my parents still could not get my head out of the pumpkin. I started to feel hopeless/desperate . 3.我已经答应妈妈，我会在学校里表现得很好，我不想让她失望。 I have promised Mom that I will behave myself in school. I don’t want to let her down . 4.在他们联系到救援队之前，手机就没电了。他们瞬间陷入绝望。 The phone ran out of power before they got through to the rescue team. They fell/sank into despair instantly. 5.一对夫妇在广告上要求归还一只在我们小学附近丢失的小猎犬。他们听起来很绝望。 A couple was asking on the ad for the return of a lost beagle puppy near our grade school. They sounded desperate .
词 组 1.to one’s disappointment令某人失望的是 2.let sb. down使某人失望 3.be overwhelmed/seized by disappointment/despair非常失望/绝望 4.be/feel disappointed/down感到失望 5.in despair/desperation在绝望中，绝望地 6.fall/sink into despair陷入绝望 7.feel hopeless/desperate感到绝望
佳 句 1.His heart sank when he got noticed that he failed the interview again. 当他得知自己面试又一次失败时，他的心一沉。 2.With my partner sick， I had to go on with the presentation by myself， but the progress was particularly disappointing. 由于我的搭档病了，我不得不一个人继续做报告，但进展特别令人失望。 3.Covering her face in a gesture of despair， she burst out crying. 她以一种绝望的姿势蒙住脸，突然大哭起来。Unit 5 What an adventure
Ⅰ.语法填空——词形转换、固定搭配
1.[2023全国乙] I often leave early to seek the right destinations so I can set up early to avoid missing the moment I am attempting to photograph （photograph）.
2.[2023浙江1月]Over 28 states have passed laws related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use.
3.[2021新高考Ⅰ]You can tell this by café life.French cafés are always crowded （crowd）.
4.[2020全国Ⅰ]We are often ashamed of our shortcomings， our mistakes and our failures （fail）.
5.[2020全国Ⅱ]And when your employees begin adding smiling emojis to their business communication， you’ll know you have succeeded in improving your work culture.
6.[2020天津5月]What’s fantastic about history is the way it broadens （broad） our horizons.
点拨
分析出此处需填broad的动词形式，还要注意谓语动词的形式，此处要用第三人称单数形式，故填broadens。
7.[2020江苏]People need permission （permit） to be funny in social settings because there’s always a risk that comes with humor.
8.[安徽高考]If you come to visit China， you will experience a culture of amazing depth （deep） and variety.
Ⅱ.阅读理解——一词多义、熟词生义
1.[北京高考]She hopes that every kid can have a clean mouth and a broad smile.
adj. （笑）咧开嘴的
2.[北京高考]Experts say Paris is right： For a sudden heart failure， the single best chance for survival is having someone nearby step in and do CPR quickly. n.衰竭
Ⅲ.写作——基础写作、读后续写
写作一 基础写作——摔伤急救
假定你是李华，上周你与几个好朋友去爬山，结果张华不小心摔伤了，经过一系列的急救措施，最终大家安全回到了家。请你据此用英语写一篇短文，内容如下：
1.描述途中所见所感；
2.描述张华受伤情况；
3.个人感悟。
◎写作要点
1.爬山的过程消耗了我们很多体力。（consume）
The process of climbing the mountain consumed a lot of our physical strength.
2.看到山顶流云环绕，我们被眼前的美景迷住了。（surround， fascinated）
Seeing the mountain top surrounded by floating clouds， we were fascinated by the beautiful scenery before us.
3.正当我们惊叹于大自然的美时，张华不小心摔倒了。（astonish）
Just as we were astonished at the beauty of nature， Zhang Hua fell down by accident.
4.虽然我们用酒精清洗了她腿上的伤口并用创可贴止血，但是她几次尝试站起来都以失败告终。（alcohol， bleeding， attempt， failure）
Although we cleaned the wound on her leg with alcohol and stopped the bleeding with plaster， her several attempts to rise to her feet still ended in failure.
5.一位医学生仔细检查后发现她的脚踝受伤了，但确认休息两天就能恢复。于是我们轮流搀扶她下了山。（injury， confirm， thus）
A medical student found that there was an injury to her ankle after careful examination， but confirmed that she could recover after two days of rest. Thus， we took turns to help her down the mountain.
◎连句成篇
请运用恰当的连接词将以上写作要点串联成一篇语意连贯的短文。
Last week， I climbed a mountain with some good friends. Though the process of climbing the mountain consumed a lot of our physical strength， on seeing the mountain top surrounded by floating clouds， we were fascinated by the beautiful scenery before us.
Just as we were astonished at the beauty of nature， Zhang Hua fell down by accident. Although we cleaned the wound on her leg with alcohol and stopped the bleeding with plaster， her several attempts to rise to her feet still ended in failure. Then， a medical student found that there was an injury to her ankle after careful examination， but confirmed that she could recover after two days of rest. Thus， we took turns to help her down the mountain.
Recalling what happened that day， I realize that safety is the most important thing during a trip.
写作二 读后续写——情感描写之困惑与迷茫
积累背诵 仿写运用
单 词 confused， confusing， puzzled， puzzling， lost； confusion， puzzlement 根据左栏素材完成下列各句 1.尽管吉米既困惑又生气，他还是听妈妈的话离开了房间。 Puzzled and angry ， Jimmy obeyed his mother and left the room. （形容词作状语） 2.他疑惑地看着帕特说："但你早晨为什么这么早就出来了？" He looked at Pat in confusion/puzzlement and asked， "But why are you out so early in the morning？" 3.其中有一个标志把我弄糊涂了，于是我把售货员叫过来问道："那个标志是什么意思？" One of the signs got mepuzzled/confused ， so I called over the salesman and asked， "What does that sign mean？"（get＋宾语＋宾补） 4.她转过身来，看见母亲脸上困惑的表情。 As she turned back she caught the puzzled look on her mother’s face . 5.我弟弟一直在哭，我不知道该如何应对。 My little brother kept crying and I was at a loss how to react.
词 组 1.at a loss 迷茫的 2.in confusion/puzzlement 困惑地，迷茫地 3.a puzzled/confused look 困惑的表情 4.scratch one’s head （困惑、为难等时）挠头 5.be lost for words 不知说什么才好
佳 句 1.After my explanation， Mandy still had a puzzled expression on her face. 我解释之后，曼迪仍然一脸困惑。 2.Facing the question， Luke scratched his head， looking puzzled. 面对这个问题，卢克挠了挠头，看起来很困惑。 3.Silence filled the room and puzzlement was written all over everyone’s face. 房间里一片寂静，每个人的脸上都写满了困惑。 4.I read the note twice， but I was still in a fog. 我把纸条读了两遍，但还是一头雾水。Unit 4 Amazing art
Ⅰ.语法填空——词形转换、固定搭配
1.[2023全国乙]Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine， it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently （frequent） on our television screens...
2.[2023北京]She called for action to address the struggles of people around the world facing "too little water or too dirty （dirt） water".
3.[2021北京]Not very long ago， it was also unthinkable that a virus would shut down nations and that safety nets would be proven so disastrously lacking （lack） in flexibility.
点拨
lacking是lack的形容词形式，表示"缺乏的，不足的"，需要注意的是，lacking通常用作表语或补语，不能作前置定语。通过一个示例理解lack与lacking在用法上的不同：lack confidence＝be lacking in confidence。
4.[2020北京]Many people think that positive thinking is mostly （most） about keeping one’s head in the sand and ignoring daily problems， trying to look optimistic.
5.[江苏高考]We are so fond of our high intelligence that we assume that when it comes to brain power， more must be better.
Ⅱ.阅读理解——一词多义、熟词生义
1.
A. v.载入，存储 B. v.把……装上，装入
C. n.许多，大量
①[2023新高考Ⅱ]After some goodbyes， I asked George and his wife to help me load Tiffy into the plane. I promised to take care of Tiffy and call them as soon as we got to Kansas City. B
②[2022新高考Ⅱ] His father frequently amused the boy with a tablet computer which was loaded with colorful pictures that come alive when you poke them. A
③[2021全国甲]Clothing takes a huge amount of natural resources （资源） to make， and buying loads of new clothing （or throwing out old clothing） is not healthy for the environment. C
2.A. 一点 B. 背阴处 C. （色彩的）深浅，色度
①[2020全国Ⅲ]He passed milky white waterfalls and mountains in many shades of blue. C
②[2020天津]Before Vinnie could say yes， the President hurried on， a shade of apology in his voice. A
③[浙江高考]The heat was unbearable — almost 125 ℉ even in the shade of a cactus（仙人掌）. B
点拨
shade除了作名词外，还用作动词。如：
[人教选必④－4]Another teacher and I walked for two and a half hours to get there — first， up a mountain from where we had fantastic views， and then down a shaded path to the valley below. v.给……遮挡（光线）
3.[2020全国Ⅱ] Nicolo and another bidder battled until Nicolo finally won the paintings for$32. v.竞争
点拨
battle作动词时，表示"搏斗，斗争"，但在该句中表示"竞争"，用battle形象地表现出竞争的激烈程度。句意：Nicolo和另一位出价者一直在竞争，直到Nicolo最终以32美元的价格赢得了（这两幅）画。
4.[浙江高考]Body language can give away a lot about your mood， so standing with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive. v.交叉，交叠
Ⅲ.写作——基础写作、读后续写
写作一 基础写作——参观艺术博物馆
假定你是李华，9月20日你校高三全体学生参观了市艺术博物馆。请你为校英文报写一篇报道，内容包括：
1.参加人员、时间；
2.活动内容；
3.活动反响。
◎写作要点
1.我们一到，就受到了博物馆工作人员的热情欢迎。（greet）
Upon arriving， we were warmly greeted by museum staff.
2.我们从一个展厅走到另一个展厅，欣赏着精美的书画艺术作品，以及一些唐代的精致花瓶。（exhibition，calligraphy，vase）
We walked from one exhibition hall to another， appreciating the fine artworks of calligraphy and painting， as well as some delicate vases from the Tang Dynasty.
3.一幅巨型画作生动地展现了数百年前人们生活的场景。（vividly）
A huge painting vividly shows the scene of people’s life hundreds of years ago.
4.我们都高度赞扬这一经历。（sing high praises for）
We all sang high praises for this experience.
◎连句成篇
请运用恰当的连接词将以上写作要点串联成一篇语意连贯的短文。
A Visit to the City Art Museum
On September 20th， all the students of Senior 3 paid a visit to the City Art Museum. Upon arriving， we were warmly greeted by museum staff. Under their guidance， we walked from one exhibition hall to another， appreciating the fine artworks of calligraphy and painting， as well as some delicate vases from the Tang Dynasty. The most attractive artwork was a huge painting which vividly shows the scene of people’s life hundreds of years ago.
Since all of us gained a deeper insight into magnificent Chinese culture， we all sang high praises for this experience.
写作二 读后续写——情感描写之担忧与焦虑
积累背诵 仿写运用
单 词 anxious， worried， restless， nervous， uneasy， concerned； worry， concern， anxiety 根据左栏素材完成下列各句 1.比赛结束，老师要宣读分数的时候，我非常紧张，心提到了嗓子眼。 When the match finished and the teacher was going to announce the score， I was extremely nervous with my heart in my mouth .（with复合结构） 2.父亲焦虑地朝他的儿子皱眉头，他的儿子已经病了两周了。 The father frowned at his son anxiously ， who had been sick for two weeks. 3.因为担心这次旅行，头几天我心里总是不踏实。 Concerned/Worried about the journey， I was unsettled for the first few days. （形容词作状语） 4.她坐立不安，脸色苍白，手心冒汗，心脏狂跳。 She was restless with anxiety ， with her face turning pale， her palms sweating and her heart beating wildly. 5.她忧虑地看了他一眼，犹豫要不要告诉他真相。 She gave him a worried look ， hesitating over whether to tell him the truth.
词 组 1.be concerned/worried about/that...担心…… 2.be restless with anxiety坐立不安 3.give sb. a worried look忧虑地看某人一眼 4.be filled with/full of anxiety and concern满是焦虑和担忧 5.frown at sb. anxiously焦虑地朝某人皱眉头 6.glance worriedly at sb.忧心忡忡地瞥某人一眼 7.with one’s heart in one’s mouth提心吊胆
佳 句 1.As the sky gradually darkened， he grew increasingly worried/concerned， pacing nervously up and down in the room. 天逐渐暗了下来，他越来越担心，紧张不安地在房间里踱来踱去。 2.With my paper in hand，nervousness filled my heart and my mind went wholly blank so that I couldn’t think of anything I had learned. 我手里拿着试卷，心里满是焦虑，大脑一片空白，以至于想不起我学过的任何东西。Unit 3 The world of science
Ⅰ.语法填空——词形转换、固定搭配
1.[2023新高考Ⅰ]Once there， Lenoue was assessed and later taken to a hospital， where she learned that she had serious injury/injuries （injure）in one of her knees.
点拨
injury n. [C， U]（对躯体的）伤害，损伤。serious injury/injuries 重伤。
2.[2023浙江1月]Perhaps your household won’t entirely （entire） make the switch， but you may have some control over your own personal spaces to make the changes you desire.
3.[2022全国甲]Sometime in the early 1960s， a significant （significance） thing happened in Sydney， Australia. The city discovered its harbor.
点拨
此处的significant表示"有重大意义的"。句意：20世纪60年代初的某个时候，澳大利亚悉尼发生了一件意义重大的事情。这座城市发现了它的港口。
4.[2021全国乙]How attached （attach） are you to your landline？ How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries？
点拨
句意：你对座机有多依赖？再过多久它们也将和煤气路灯与每天早晨送到家的牛奶一样（步入历史的尘埃）？be attached to表示"喜欢；附属于；附在……上的"。本题中将attached提前，用how进行修饰。2022年全国甲阅读理解的选项"He is attached to the old ferries."中也出现了该短语。
5.[2021北京]You must show proof （prove）of a comprehensive health insurance valid（有效的） in the target country for the entire period of the internship.
6.[2020全国Ⅰ]Lighting accounts for about 7％ of the total electricity consumed in the US.
点拨
account for 为固定短语，在此表示"（在数量、比例上）占"。此外，account for还可表示"是……的原因；解释，说明"。
7.[2020全国Ⅰ]The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific （science）research.
8.[全国Ⅲ]Accordingly， newspapers were read almost only by rich people in politics or the trades. In addition， most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience.
Ⅱ.阅读理解——一词多义、熟词生义
1.A. v. 将……塞进 B. n. 印刷机 C. n. 按
①[2023新高考Ⅱ]Before the wide use of the printing press， books were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right. B
②[2021全国乙]When she reached one nurse， she tried to press a five-pound note into her hand. A
③[全国Ⅰ]The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user’s typing and the time between key presses. C
点拨
句①句意：在印刷机被广泛使用之前，书籍是珍贵的物品，它们本身就可以成为艺术品。in one’s own right 凭自身的资格（或努力）。
句③句意：通过分析用户打字的力度和按键间隔时间等信息，这种键盘可以（为用户）提供强有力的保护。
2.A. n. 溪流 B. v. 流播 C. n. 人流
①[2023新高考Ⅰ]A dirty stream， for example， often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. A
②[2021全国甲] We accessed the wall through the South Gate.The wall is 12 meters high and from here you can see streams of people moving inside and outside the City Wall. C
③[2021北京]Sam is an in-real-life streamer（播主）， and he live streams himself just going about his day. B
点拨
live stream 直播。live作副词，表示"在现场直播"。
3.[2020浙江]Researchers from the University of Leipzig in Germany gathered more than 1，000 retired workers who were over age 75 and assessed the volunteers’ memory and thinking skills through a battery of tests. 一系列
点拨
我们比较熟悉的battery的含义是"电池"，但在本题中a battery of表示"一连串，一系列"。
Ⅲ.写作——基础写作、读后续写
写作一 基础写作——校园科学节
假定你是李华，近日你校举办了以"科学之美"为主题的首届校园科学节（The First Science Festival）。请你根据以下要点，给校英文报写一篇报道，内容包括：
1.举办时间；2.活动内容；3.师生反响。
◎写作要点
1.有各种各样的最新科学技术展出，例如虚拟现实和可穿戴技术。（instance， virtual reality， wearable tech）
A wide variety of the latest science and technology was on display， for instance，virtual reality and wearable tech.
2.此外，还举办了一系列关于杰出科学家及其非凡成就的讲座。（in addition， brilliant， extraordinary）
In addition， a range of lectures on brilliant scientists and their extraordinary achievements were given.
3.还有关于历史上重要理论和发明的知识竞赛。（significant， theory）
There were also quizzes about significanttheories and inventions in history.
4.还有老师指导学生做科学实验。（scientific， experiment）
There were also teachers guiding students to do scientificexperiments.
◎连句成篇
请运用恰当的连接词将以上写作要点串联成一篇语意连贯的短文。
The First Science Festival
Last week witnessed the First Science Festival whose theme was "The Beauty of Science" held by our school.
During the week， a wide variety of the latest science and technology was on display， for instance， virtual reality and wearable tech. Many students were very attached to the exhibition and couldn’t wait to have a try. In addition， a range of lectures on brilliant scientists and their extraordinary achievements were given. There were also quizzes about significant theories and inventions in history. There were also teachers guiding students to do scientific experiments.
In a word， the science feast turned out to be a huge success. Both the teachers and students thought highly of it and regarded it as a golden chance to gain a deeper insight into science and technology.
写作二 读后续写——情感描写之感动与感激
积累背诵 仿写运用
单 词 move， touch， appreciate； grateful， thankful， moved， touched； appreciation， thanks， gratitude 根据左栏素材完成下列各句 1.她的演讲深深地打动了我，我决心更加努力地学习。 Deeply moved/touched by her speech ， I was determined to study harder. （过去分词作状语） 2.来自陌生人的温暖融化了他的心，让他觉得这个世界依然充满了爱和希望。 The warmth from a stranger melted his heart ， which made him feel the world was still filled with love and hope. 3.得知她的孩子已经获救，她流下了喜悦和感激的泪水。 Hearing that her child had been saved， she shed tears of joy and gratitude . 4.我送了一大束花给这位护士，感谢她在疗养院对我爷爷无微不至的照顾。 I sent a big bunch of flowers to the nurse to express my gratitude/thanks for her taking good care of my grandpa in the nursing home. 5.得知他为她做了这么多事情，她感动得流下了眼泪。 Knowing that he had done so much for her， she was moved to tears .
词 组 1.be deeply moved/touched被深深感动 2.touch one’s heart触动某人的心 3.melt one’s heart融化某人的心 4.be moved to tears感动得热泪盈眶 5.shed tears of gratitude流下感激的泪水 6.express thanks/gratitude to sb. for sth.因为某事感谢某人
佳 句 1.A warm current welled up in his heart the moment he realized how much his father had devoted to him. 当他意识到父亲为他付出了多少时，他心中涌起了一股暖流。 2.Her palms sweating， throat tightening and tears streaming down her face， she was touched beyond words. 她手心冒汗，喉咙发紧，泪流满面，感动得说不出话来。 3.She accepted the flowers，with her eyes filled with tears of gratitude.她接过鲜花，眼里噙满了感激的泪水。Unit 2 Making a difference
Ⅰ.语法填空——词形转换、固定搭配
1.[2023全国甲]Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly effective （effect） at getting grizzlies away.
2.[2021新高考Ⅰ]If you’re looking for cleanliness and a modern hostel， look no further （far） than Youth Station.
点拨
look no further意为"不用到别处找了"，表示你所提供的正是某人一直在寻找的。far的比较级形式有两种，分别是farther和further。但两者的含义有所不同：farther通常用于表示更远的距离，而further也可表示更远的距离，但更多的是用于表示在程度上更进一步。
3.[2021北京]History is a mirror reflecting reality （real）.
4.[2021北京]We’re now building a clock at the Anchorage Museum that reflects the total flow of several major Alaskan rivers， which are sensitive to local and global environmental changes.
5.[2020新高考Ⅰ] However， the majority （major） of people are effective speakers because they train to be.
6.[2020全国Ⅰ]Then when they come to other doors in life， be they real or metaphorical， they won’t hesitate to open （open） them and walk through.
7.[2020浙江]Among the writers of the plays in this collection， Paul Green， Susan Glaspell， Maxwell Anderson， Thornton Wilder， William Saroyan， and Tennessee Williams have all received Pulitzer Prizes for their contributions to the theater.
8.[浙江高考]The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage （short）.
Ⅱ.阅读理解——一词多义、熟词生义
1.
A. adj. 最高级别的 B. adj. 最重要的
C. n. 首领
①[2022新高考Ⅱ]That is partly because people are driving more， but Mark Rosekind， the chief of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration， said distracted（分心） driving was "only increasing， unfortunately." C
②[全国Ⅲ]"It’s no secret that China has always been a source（来源） of inspiration for designers，" says Amanda Hill，chief creative officer at A＋E Networks， a global media company and home to some of the biggest fashion（时尚） shows. A
③[全国Ⅲ]Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson City — its present population is 762. B
2.A. 治疗 B. 处理 C. 对待
①[2020新高考Ⅱ]Your medical history is a list of your illnesses，treatments， what the doctors told you to do， and anything else you think your doctor should know. A
②[2020全国Ⅲ]In some cases， it’s not so much the treatment of the animals on set in the studio that has activists worried. C
③[江苏高考]The responsibility of e-waste treatment should be extended from governments to producers. B
3.[2021北京]With our efforts， ten young boys and girls will now be able to further their education. v. 推进，使更进一步
Ⅲ.写作——基础写作、读后续写
写作一 基础写作——节约用水
假定你是李华，你校下周日要举办主题为"节约用水"的创意展览比赛，你对自己设计的作品不是很满意，想请你的好友Jim帮你出主意，请给他写一封邮件，内容包括：
1.介绍活动的意义；
2.介绍自己的作品；
3.表达期待。
◎写作要点
1.为了让学生意识到全球水资源短缺的问题，并增强节约用水意识，我们学校计划下周日举办一场比赛。（shortage）
To make students realize the problem of global water shortage and raise awareness of saving water， our school is scheduled to hold a competition next Sunday.
2.我设计了一个在卫生间蓄水的装置来循环使用水。（recycle）
I have designed a device to store water in the toilet so that water can be recycled.
3.我希望这个装置实用且有效，但是现在离达到这个目标还差得远。（effective， obtain）
I hope this device is practical and effective， but there’s still a long way to go to obtain the goal.
4.主要问题是这个装置使用起来不方便。（major）
The major problem is that the device is not convenient to use.
5.我需要你的慷慨帮助，希望你能给我一些建议。（generous， assistance）
I need your generousassistance， hoping you can give me some advice.
◎连句成篇
请运用恰当的连接词将以上写作要点串联成一篇语意连贯的短文。
Dear Jim，
How is everything these days？To make students realize the problem of global water shortage and raise awareness of saving water， our school is scheduled to hold a competition next Sunday. Considering the waste of water， I have designed a device to store water in the toilet so that water can be recycled. I hope this device is practical and effective， but there’s still a long way to go to obtain the goal. At present， the major problem is that it is not convenient to use. That’s why I need your generous assistance， hoping you can give me some advice.
Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
写作二 读后续写——情感描写之宽慰与骄傲
积累背诵 仿写运用
单 词 relief， pride； relieved， proud 根据左栏素材完成下列各句 1.他高昂着头，把奖杯抱在胸前，站在队伍的前面。 Holding his head high ， he held the cup against his breast and stood at the head of the line.（现在分词作状语） 2.得知孩子们安全后，她如释重负地松了一口气。 Knowing her children were safe， she breathed a sigh of relief . 3.我自信且骄傲地走进体育馆，期待着为自己近期的胜利再添一冠。 Confident and proud ， I walked into the stadiumexpecting to add another crown to my recent success.（形容词短语作状语） 4.我为自己感到骄傲，因为我从来没想到自己可以成为救援队的一分子并真正发挥作用。 I was proud of/took pride in myself， as I had neverimagined I could be part of a rescue party and really make a difference. 5.我被震撼到了，为这个男孩的勇敢感到满腔自豪。 I was blown away and swelled with pride in the boy’s bravery. 6.他们看向彼此，心中一阵宽慰。在灾难中幸存让他们对这个世界深怀感恩。 They looked at each other， and felt a wave of relief . Surviving the disaster， they had a deep gratitude towards the world.
词 组 1.smile with relief宽慰地笑 2.a wave of relief一阵宽慰 3.to one’s great relief使某人大为宽慰的是 4.breathe a sigh of relief如释重负地松了口气 5.a mixture of warmth and relief温暖和宽慰交织 6.a great sense of pride强烈的自豪感 7.be proud of/take pride in以……为骄傲 8.hold one’s head high高昂着头 9.be full of pride/burst with pride 充满了自豪 10.swell with pride满腔自豪
佳 句 1.His eyes shining with delight and pride， he couldn’t say a word. 他眼里闪烁着喜悦与骄傲，一句话也说不出来。 2.We succeeded in climbing onto the helicopter， sighing with relief. 我们成功爬上了直升机，松了一口气。 3.Feeling a rush of pride， she ran to her son and put her arms around him. 她突然感到一阵自豪，跑过去搂住了她的儿子。 4.I have never seen her cry before， but now I can see tears of relief welling up in her eyes.我从没有见她哭过，但是现在我看到她眼中涌出了宽慰的泪水。Unit 1 Knowing me， knowing you
Ⅰ.语法填空——词形转换、固定搭配、易错动词变形
1.[2023全国甲]You’ll soon find that the more patience you practice， the more you start to apply it to other more annoying （annoy） situations.
2.[2022全国甲] Knowing some tips will help ensure （sure）that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family — no matter where you are in the world.
点拨
en-作动词前缀时表示"使……"。类似的动词还有：enable（使能够），endanger（危及），enlarge（扩大），enrich（充实）等。
3.[2020新高考Ⅰ]He realized that it was because there weren’t enough trees to protect them from the heat.
4.[2020新高考Ⅱ] Don’t be afraid or embarrassed （embarrass）to discuss something that is bothering you.
5.[2020全国Ⅱ]Those viewing the quality of Abbot Hall’s temporary exhibitions may be forgiven （forgive）for thinking they are in a city gallery.
点拨
情态动词后面加动词原形，be不需要变形。forgive的过去式和过去分词分别是forgave和forgiven。"sb. may be forgiven for doing sth."是一个习语，表示"某人的做法虽错却是可以理解的。"
6.[天津高考]Tom is so independent （dependent） that he never asks his parents’ opinion unless he wants their support.
点拨
此处根据语境可知，空处表示"独立"，应在dependent"依赖的"前加否定前缀in-。否定前缀in-构成的词还有：informal， inconvenient， incorrect等。
Ⅱ.阅读理解——一词多义、熟词生义
1.
A. v. 沉没 B.v. （心情）变得沉重
C. v. 下沉 D.n. 洗碗槽
①The sun was beginning to sink as I set off into the Harenna Forest. C
②[2021新高考Ⅰ]The pan was too hot and the bread turned black within seconds. Jenna threw the burnt piece into the sink and put in the other slice of bread. D
③[2020新高考Ⅱ] In this book， he includes the loss of the space shuttles（航天飞机）Challenger and Columbia， and the sinking of the Titanic. A
④[江苏高考] Naomi put a small recorder near the piano. Starts and stops and mistakes. Long pauses， heart sinking. B
点拨
本句中的heart还可以替换为spirits。sink作动词时，还有"降低；坐下"等意思。如：
The pound has sunk to its lowest recorded level againstthe dollar.英镑对美元的比价降到了有记录以来最低水平。
She sank back into her seat， exhausted.她筋疲力尽，又坐回座位上。
2.A. v. 示意 B.v. 发信号 C. n. 信号灯
①[2022全国乙]With their ability to see ahead， they couldsignal any problem， so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time. B
②[2020浙江]The traffic signals along Factoria Boulevard in Bellevue， Washington，generally don’t flash the same length of green twice in a row， especially at rush hour.
C
③[湖北高考]In order not to be heard， she pointed her finger upwards to signal that someone was moving about upstairs. A
3.[2021天津]My brother and I are exactly one year apart. We look like twins， but we are completely different. adv.（时间）相隔
Ⅲ.写作——基础写作、读后续写
写作一 基础写作——维系友谊
假定你是李华，你的美国朋友 Jack来信向你诉说他因和朋友发生矛盾而烦恼。请你给他回一封邮件，内容包括：
1.对他苦恼的心情表示理解；
2.自己对友谊的看法；
3.给出建议。
◎写作要点
1.我能理解你的痛苦，因为我以前也遇到过同样的情况。（agony）
I can understand your agony as I faced the same situation before.
2.我们如何解决矛盾才是维系友谊的关键。（resolve）
It is how we resolve the conflicts that matters in maintaining friendship.
3.你必须承认在一定程度上你也有错。（fault）
You have to admit that it’s partly your fault.
4.向你的朋友道歉，并表明你想坦诚地谈一谈。（signal， frank）
Apologize to your friend and give a signal that you want to have a frank talk.
5.记住那句老话："祸从口出。"（Loose lips sink ships.）
Bear in mind the old saying， "Loose lips sink ships."
◎连句成篇
请运用恰当的连接词将以上写作要点串联成一篇语意连贯的短文。
Dear Jack，
Sorry to hear about the conflict between you and your friend. I can understand your agony as I faced the same situation before.
In my opinion， it’s unavoidable to have conflicts with our friends. It is how we resolve the conflicts that matters in maintaining friendship. Here is what you should do.
First， think about your own behavior. You have to admit that it’s partly your fault. Then， apologize to your friend and give a signal that you want to have a frank talk. Tell him why you were angry and you want to make up. Don’t be afraid of embarrassment. I believe he would like to make up with you， too.
Next time you have an argument， think twice before saying anything. Bear in mind the old saying， "Loose lips sink ships." I hope the advice above can help you out.
Yours，
Li Hua
写作二 读后续写——情感描写之后悔与内疚
积累背诵 仿写运用
单 词 guilt， regret； guilty， regretful 根据左栏素材完成下列各句 1.他非常遗憾地叹了口气，说道："你来得太晚了，安妮已经离开了。" He sighed with deep regret and said， "You are too late. Anne has already left." 2.当我听到这个坏消息时，我不由自主地感到一阵悔恨。 Uncontrollably， a wave of regret washed over me as I heard the bad news. 3.但与此同时，内疚感涌上了我的心头。 But at the same time， a sense of guilt came over me. 4.我在窗边坐了很久，眼含后悔的泪水。要是我没有骗他该多好。 I sat at the window for a long time， with regretful tears in my eyes . If only I hadn’t lied to him.（with复合结构；if only） 5.他想到自己是如何对待父亲的，感到非常愧疚。 He felt extremely guilty/was full of guilt when thinking about how he had treated his father.
词 组 1.be overwhelmed by feelings of guilt愧疚难当 2.a sense of guilt内疚感 3.feel guilty about对……感到内疚 4.a wave of regret一阵悔恨 5.much to one’s regret令某人深感遗憾的是 6.with deep/great regret非常遗憾地 7.a regretful goodbye/glance/smile遗憾的告别/怅然的一瞥/充满歉意的微笑 8.with regretful tears in one’s eyes眼含后悔的泪水
佳 句 1.It was at that moment that a ripple of regret welled up inside me. How I wished I hadn’t said those words！就在那时，我的心中涌起了一阵阵懊悔。我真希望我没有说那些话！ 2.Hearing what I said， he stormed out of the room，leaving me dumb with deep regret.听到我说的话，他愤怒地冲出了房间，留下我哑口无言，后悔不已。
