Unit 5 Poems
Ⅰ.语法填空——词形转换、固定搭配
1.[2022新高考Ⅰ]How many parts is a student’s final grade made up of ？
2.[2021浙江]Nielsen always felt he should be doing comedy but his good looks and distinguished voice kept him busy in dramatic （drama） roles.
3.[天津高考]With a 3D printer， a cook can print complicated （complicate） chocolate sculptures and beautiful pieces for decoration on a wedding cake.
4.[江苏高考]I lost my drive to write. I was just too tired and not in the mood.
点拨
句意：我失去了写作的动力。我只是太累了，没有心情。not in the mood"心情不好"，drive此处用作名词，意为"干劲"。
5.[广东高考]He has a strong interest in classical Chinese literary （literature） works.
Ⅱ.阅读理解——一词多义、熟词生义
1.
A. n.细绳 B.v.把……串在一起
C. n.一批；一系列 D.n.字符串；信息串
①[2023浙江1月]It takes sentences from its library of documents and prebuilt arguments and strings them together. B
②[2023浙江1月]A computer works with symbols. Its program specifies a set of rules to transform one string of symbols into another. D
③[2023浙江1月]He gathered handfuls of damp tree leaves， wrapped them with string， and lit the bunch to create a torch（火把）. A
④[2020新高考Ⅰ]It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land， and of the people he meets on his way...and a string of foreign aid workers. C
2.
A. 空的 B.空白的
C. （头脑）突然一片空白
①[2022新高考Ⅱ]As a result， these writers never get in the habit of crossing out chunks（大块） of their draft and writing revisions in the blank space. B
点拨
句意：因此，这些作者从来没有养成在草稿上划掉大块内容和在空白处进行修改的习惯。
②[2020浙江]Terrified， Elli and I tried all the bear defense actions we knew.We yelled at the bear， hit pots hard， and fired blank shotgun shells into the air. A
③[全国Ⅰ]Before getting into the car， I thought I had learned the instructor’s orders， but once I started the car， my mind went blank. C
点拨
blank作形容词时，还有"没表情的，茫然的"之意；还常作名词，表示"空白处"。如：Steve looked blank and said he had no idea what I was talking about.史蒂夫显得很迷惑，说他不知道我在说什么。
Ⅲ.写作——基础写作、读后续写
写作一 基础写作——学习唐诗
[全国Ⅰ]假定你是李华，正在教你的英国朋友Leslie学习汉语。请你写封邮件告知下次上课的计划。内容包括：
1.时间和地点；
2.内容：学习唐诗；
3.课前准备：简要了解唐朝的历史。
◎写作要点
1.得知你对唐诗很感兴趣我很高兴，唐诗是中国文学中最著名的文学形式之一。（literary）
I am delighted to know that you are interested in Tang poetry， one of the most famous literary forms in Chinese literature.
2.我们将学习一种格式，它由四句组成，每句包含五个汉字。（format， be made up of）
We are to learn a format made up of four clauses， each containing five Chinese characters.
3.我们星期天早上在人民公园见面吧，那里空气清新，风景秀丽，可以让我们保持心情愉快。（mood）
Let’s meet on Sunday morning in People’s Park， which has fresh air and beautiful scenery， thus keeping us in a good mood.
4.我建议你提前在网上搜索并学习唐朝的历史，这可以帮助你更好地理解要学习的诗歌，因为一首诗通常与当时的历史相符。（correspond）
I advise you to search online and learn the history of the Tang Dynasty in advance， which can help you betterunderstand the poems to be learned， because a poem often corresponds with the history of its time.
◎连句成篇
请运用恰当的连接词将以上写作要点串联成一篇语意连贯的短文。
Dear Leslie，
I am delighted to know that you are interested in Tang poetry， one of the most famous literary forms in Chinese literature. We are going to learn it in the next class.
We are to learn a format made up of four clauses， each containing five Chinese characters. Let’s meet on Sunday morning in People’s Park， which has fresh air and beautiful scenery， thus keeping us in a good mood. We will learn from 8：00 am to 10：00 am. Besides， I advise you to search online and learn the history of the Tang Dynasty in advance， which can help you better understand the poems to be learned， because a poem often corresponds with the history of its time.
If you have any questions， please let me know. Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
写作二 读后续写——动作描写之各种"走、跑"
积累背诵 仿写运用
单 词 tiptoe踮着脚走， skip 蹦蹦跳跳地走， stagger摇摇晃晃地走， hurry匆忙地走， jog慢跑， rush/dash/race冲 根据左栏素材完成下列各句 1.她拖着疲惫的身体走进房间，一天的工作让她筋疲力尽。 She dragged herself into the room ， feeling exhausted after a long day at work. 2.他非常生气，怒气冲冲地冲出房间，砰地关上门。 He was so angry that he stormed out of the room ， slamming the door behind him. （so...that...） 3.为了不吵醒熟睡的父母，我悄悄地溜出了房间。 In order not to wake up my sleeping parents， I slipped out of the room quietly . 4.格林夫人的儿子赶往医院，去看看他深爱的母亲是否平安无事。 Madam Green’s son rushed/hurried/raced to the hospital to see if his beloved mother was all right. 5.她在房间里踱来踱去，焦急地等待着朋友的到来。 She paced up and down in the room， anxiously waiting for her friend to arrive. 6.他一接到妹妹的电话就像箭一样飞快地冲出去了。 No sooner had he received his sister’s call than he dashed out/sprinted out like an arrow .
词 组 1.slip into/out of悄悄溜进/溜出 2.rush/dash out of冲出 3.storm into/out of 怒气冲冲地冲进/冲出 4.dash out/sprint out like an arrow 像箭一样飞快地冲出去 5.drag oneself into/out of吃力地走进/走出 6.walk with a limp一瘸一拐地走 7.wander/stroll around...在……闲逛 8.pace up and down踱来踱去
佳 句 1.She walked gracefully across the stage， receiving a round of applause from the audience. 她优雅地走过舞台，接受观众的热烈掌声。 2.Carter hurried off the bus， ran through his yard， and breezed through the kitchen with a quick hello to his mom. Then he ran up the stairs two at a time and rushed into his room.卡特匆匆下车，跑过院子，轻快地穿过厨房，快速向妈妈打了个招呼。然后他一步两级地上楼梯冲进自己的房间。Unit 4 Adversity and Courage
Ⅰ.语法填空——词形转换、固定搭配
1.[2022新高考Ⅱ]The second group did high-intensity aerobic exercise under the guidance （guide） of a trainer for four or more days a week.
点拨
句意：第二组在教练的指导下每周进行四天或更多高强度有氧运动。guide本身也可以作名词，意为"导游；指南"，此处语境表示的是"指导"，故填guidance。
2.[2022北京]I decided to commit to completing the applications， and soon I was a part of a growing global team of young people working to protect nature.
点拨
commit to sb./sth. 忠于（某个人、机构等）；commit to （doing）sth. 全心全意投入（工作、活动等）。
3.[2021北京]This means that resolving an argument can feel like you have reached a state of resolution （resolve）— and you are less likely to be annoyed.
点拨
resolution在此表示"（问题、分歧等的）解决，消除"。
4.[北京高考]Moore is enthusiastic about the candy she created， and she’s also positive about what the future might bring.
5.[全国Ⅲ]The study of traditions should be combined with practice. Otherwise， the recreation （recreate） of traditions would be artificial and empty， he said.
点拨
句意：他说，对传统的研究应该与实践相结合。否则，对传统的再创造就是虚假且空洞的。recreation"重现，重建；娱乐，消遣"。
6.[全国Ⅰ]Lockers are available to store any belongings （belong） during your visit.
点拨
belonging"稳定关系，归属感"，尤用于短语a sense of belonging中。本题空处表示"所有物，（随身）财物"，要加-s。
7.[全国Ⅱ]I realized this a day later， when I saw newspaper advertisements （advertise） for the set at seventy-five dollars less than I had paid.
点拨
advertisement作"广告"讲时为可数名词，空前没有限定词，故填advertisement的复数形式。句中的set指"电视机"。
Ⅱ.阅读理解——一词多义、熟词生义
1.
A. 布置（任务） B.指定，指派
C. 确定时间 D.分配
①[2023新高考Ⅱ]For example， one participant’s experience of "Wesatandlistenedtothewavesatthebeachforawhile" was assigned the categories "sitting at beach" and "listening to waves." D
②[2022新高考Ⅰ]All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard， our online learning and course management system. C
③[2022新高考Ⅰ]Additionally， from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class... A
④[2022浙江]Above all， I hoped he wouldn’t assign me to work with the fiercely competitive and extremely serious fellow who always wore dark clothes and apparently had a personality to match. B
2.A. n.洗碗槽 B. v.（心情）变得沉重 C. v.沉没
①[2021新高考Ⅰ]The pan was too hot and the bread turned black within seconds. Jenna threw the burnt piece into the sink and put in the other slice of bread. A
②[2020新高考Ⅱ]In this book， he includes the loss of the space shuttles（航天飞机）Challenger and Columbia， and the sinking of the Titanic. C
③[江苏高考]Naomi put a small recorder near the piano. Starts and stops and mistakes. Long pauses， heart sinking. B
点拨
本句中的heart通常还可以改为spirits，表示"（情绪）变低落"。
sink作动词时，还有"下沉；降低；坐下"等意思。如：
☆The pound has sunk to its lowest recorded level against the dollar.英镑对美元的比价降到了有记录以来的最低水平。
☆She sank back into her seat， exhausted.她筋疲力尽，又坐回椅子上。
3.[2022北京]This was the very door I carefully guided the children through to ensure their safety from the bitter cold. adj.严寒的
bitter cold "严寒"，bitter作形容词，cold作名词意为"寒冷"。高考读后续写中描写寒冷时还可用freezing cold等。
Ⅲ.写作——基础写作、读后续写
写作一 基础写作——志愿者申请
[全国Ⅰ]假定你是李华，暑期在伦敦学习，得知当地美术馆要举办中国画展览。请写一封信申请做志愿者，内容包括：
1.写信目的；
2.个人优势；
3.能做的事情。
◎写作要点
1.从贵馆的广告得知，下个月将在画廊举办中国画展览，我写信申请成为一名志愿者。（advertisement）
Knowing from your advertisement that an exhibition of Chinese paintings will be held at the gallery next month， I am writing to apply to become a volunteer.
2.在坚持学习了10年之后，我的英语说得很流利，这使我能够毫无困难地与参观者交流。（persevere）
I speak English fluently after persevering in learning it for 10 years， which allows me to communicate with visitors without difficulty.
3.作为一名中国画的狂热爱好者，我对这种艺术形式有着透彻的了解。（enthusiastic， thorough）
As an enthusiastic Chinese painting lover， I have a thorough knowledge of this art form.
4.如果我被贵馆接纳，我将承诺向参观者介绍中国画技巧，这可以帮他们更多地了解中国文化。（commit）
If accepted， I will be committed to introducing Chinese painting skills to visitors， which can help them know more about Chinese culture.
5.我认为我有资格成为一名志愿者。请给我一个机会。（qualified）
I think I am qualified to be a volunteer. Please give me a chance.
◎连句成篇
请运用恰当的连接词将以上写作要点串联成一篇语意连贯的短文。
Dear Sir or Madam，
I am Li Hua， a student from China， who is studying in London during the summer holiday. Knowing from your advertisement that an exhibition of Chinese paintings will be held at the gallery next month， I am writing to apply to become a volunteer.
I have the following advantages. First of all， I speak English fluently after persevering in learning it for 10 years， which allows me to communicate with visitors without difficulty. Besides， as an enthusiastic Chinese painting lover， I have a thorough knowledge of this art form. If accepted， I will be committed to introducing Chinese painting skills to visitors， which can help them know more about Chinese culture.
I think I am qualified to be a volunteer. Please give me a chance.
Yours，
Li Hua
写作二 读后续写——动作描写之各种"哭"
积累背诵 仿写运用
单 词 cry， weep 哭泣， sob 啜泣； tearful 含泪的， watery泪水汪汪的， misty泪眼模糊的 根据左栏素材完成下列各句 1.她热泪盈眶，对陌生人真诚的帮助表示衷心的感谢。 Tears filling her eyes/Tears welling up in her eyes ，she offered her heartfelt gratitude to the strangers for their sincere help. （独立主格结构） 2.当在机场看到失散多年的弟弟时，她流下了喜悦的泪水。 When she saw her long-lost brother at the airport， she cried/shed/wept tears of joy . 3.当她用指尖慢慢地滑动屏幕，阅读每一条评论时，她感动得泪流满面。 While slowly scrolling the screen with her fingertip and reading each comment， she was so moved/touched that tears poured down her face . （so...that...） 4.她的手在发抖。她快要哭了，但保罗没有意识到这一点。 Her hands were shaking. She was close to tears/on the verge of tears but Paul didn’t realize that. 5.他远离家乡已经一年有余。母亲寄过来的照片让他泣不成声。 He had been away from home for more than a year. The photos Mother sent him made him choked with sobs . 6.她突然哭了起来，然后一句话也没说，气呼呼地跑了。 She burst into tears/burst out crying and stormed off without saying a word.
词 组 1.cry/shed/weep tears流泪 2.burst into tears/burst out crying突然哭起来 3.sob/cry in silence无声地哭 4.cry one’s eyes out哭得很伤心 5.tears pour down one’s face泪流满面 6.tears of excitement/joy well up in/fill one’s eyes激动/高兴得热泪盈眶 7.be close to tears/be on the verge of tears快要哭了 8.cry oneself to sleep哭到睡着 9.be blurred with tears＝be dimmed by tears泪眼模糊 10.be choked with sobs泣不成声 11.be in floods of tears泪如泉涌
佳 句 1.I felt so sad that I found myself crying unconsciously， unable to hold back my tears.我感到非常难过，以至于我发现自己不知不觉地哭了，无法抑制住眼泪。 2.All those present to listen to her sad story were moved/touched to tears.凡在场听到她悲惨经历的人无不潸然泪下。 3.Watching her son disappearing in the distance， she froze for a long while，with her eyes filled with tears.看着儿子消失在远方，她愣了很久，双眸满是泪水。Unit 3 Environmental Protection
Ⅰ.语法填空——词形转换、固定搭配、易错动词变形
1.[2023新高考Ⅰ]Cycling is the most economical， sustainable （sustain） and fun way to explore the city， with its beautiful canals， parks， squares and countless lights.
2.[2023全国乙]Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine， it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently （frequent） on our television screens...
3.[2023全国乙]Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast （broadcast） more often than before.
4.[2021北京]You must show proof of a comprehensive （comprehend） health insurance valid （有效的） in the target country for the entire period of the internship.
点拨
句意：你必须出示在整个实习期间在目标国家有效的综合健康保险证明。
5.[2020浙江]To do this I have searched through dozens （dozen） of plays to find the ones that I think best show the power and purpose of the short play.
6.[天津高考]Submit a topic proposal to your history teacher. The teacher may require a second proposal if the first is off-topic or unclear.
7.[江苏高考]But he is also working at a far more fundamental level： his staff show people how to make floating gardens and fish ponds to prevent starvation （starve） during the wet season.
Ⅱ.阅读理解——一词多义、熟词生义
1.A. 音量 B.书 C. 量，额
①[2023新高考Ⅱ]Adults are portrayed（描绘） alone in many settings and poses — absorbed in a volume， deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. B
②[2020北京]For example， algorithms（算法） carry out huge volumes of trading on our financial markets， self-driving cars are appearing on city streets... C
③[北京高考]With TV Ears wireless technology， you set your own headset volume， while other TV listeners hear the television at a volume level that’s comfortable for them. A
点拨
volume还有"容量；（书籍的）卷，册"之意。如：
☆jars of different volumes不同容量的罐子
☆the first volume of his autobiography他自传的第一卷
☆a library of over 50，000 volumes藏书5万多册的图书馆
2.[2021北京]We’re now building a clock at the Anchorage Museum that reflects the total flow of several major Alaskan rivers， which are sensitive to local and global environmental changes. adj.灵敏的
点拨
这里说的是正在制作的表（clock）对当地及全球的环境变化很灵敏，能够反映阿拉斯加几条主要河流的总流量。
3.[北京高考]Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas， while reducing it in other spots， leading to changes in the ocean’s appearance. v.刺激，增强
点拨
fuel作动词时，还有"给（交通工具）加油"之意，如：The plane was already fuelled（up） and ready to go.飞机已加好油，准备起飞。
fuel作名词时，还有个常见用法：add fuel to"（对……）火上浇油"。如：His remarks simply added fuel to the fire/flames of her anger.他的话只是给她的愤怒火上浇油。
Ⅲ.写作——基础写作、读后续写
写作一 基础写作——环保宣传
[北京高考]假设你是红星中学高三一班的学生李华。你班同学参加了学校的"地球日"系列活动。请按照以下四幅图的先后顺序，以"Actions for a Greener Earth"为题，给校刊"英语角"写一篇英文稿件，介绍活动的全过程。
提示词：地球日 Earth Day
◎写作要点
1.一年一度的"地球日"前一周，我们学校周围张贴了海报，呼吁我们加入全球行动，共同创造一个更加绿色的地球。（annual， worldwide）
A week before annual Earth Day， posters were put up around our school， calling upon us to join in the actions worldwide for a greener earth.
2.我们把旧衣物、纸板和空塑料瓶带到教室，把它们变成了许多娃娃、手袋、纸巾盒和小花瓶。（dozens of）
We brought to our classroom worn-out clothes， pieces of cardboard and empty plastic bottles， and turned those into dozens of dolls， handbags， tissue boxes and small vases.
3.那个周末，我们抓住机会去了附近的一个社区，把它们送了出去。（seize）
That weekend， we seized the opportunity to visit a nearby neighborhood and gave them away.
4.所有人都笑着收下了那些意想不到的礼物，一片和谐，尤其是小孩子和老人。（harmony）
All accepted those unexpected gifts with big smiles in harmony， especially little kids and elderly people.
5.我们做得非常好，以至于我们班长获邀代表班级向全校分享我们的想法和经历。（on behalf of）
We did so well that our monitor was invited to share our ideas and experience on behalf of our class with the whole school.
◎连句成篇
请运用恰当的连接词将以上写作要点串联成一篇语意连贯的短文。
A week before annual Earth Day， posters were put up around our school， calling upon us to join in the actions worldwide for a greener earth.
Our class came up with the idea of making better use of used materials. We brought to our classroom worn-out clothes， pieces of cardboard and empty plastic bottles， and turned those into dozens of dolls， handbags， tissue boxes and small vases. That weekend， we seized the opportunity to visit a nearby neighborhood and gave them away. All accepted those unexpected gifts with big smiles in harmony， especially little kids and elderly people. We did so well that our monitor was invited to share our ideas and experience on behalf of our class with the whole school.
We are very proud of ourselves and believe we can do more for a better world.
写作二 读后续写——动作描写之各种"看"
积累背诵 仿写运用
单 词 watch， glance瞥， notice注意，observe观察， spot发现， scan扫视， peek偷看 根据左栏素材完成下列各句 1.托尼·雷德蒙怒视着他，脸都变了形，气得刷白。 Tony Redmond was glaring at him， and his face contorted， white with rage. 2.我们都聚在电视机前，希望能看一眼他的脸。 We all gathered in front of the television， hoping to catch a glimpse of his face. 3.听到门把手转动的声音，他向门看去。原来他的妈妈提前下班回来了。他兴奋地从座位上跳了起来。 He turned his eyes to the door when he heard the handle turning. It turned out that his mother returned from work early. He leaped from his seat with great excitement. 4.詹娜和父亲交换了一下眼色，然后都忍不住偷偷地笑了。 Jenna exchanged glances with her father and they couldn’t help but smile secretly. 5.爱丽丝从眼角的余光看到汤姆走过，但是她没有抬头打招呼。她还在为他前一天做的事生气。 Alice spotted Tom walking by out of the corner of her eye but she didn’t raise her eyes to say hello. She was still mad at him for what he had done the day before. 6.约翰使劲冲玛丽眨眼，用口型不出声地对她说了些什么。玛丽立马心领神会，起身朝厨房走去。 John blinked/winked wildly at Mary and silently mouthed something. Mary got him immediately and stood up heading for the kitchen.
词 组 1.glare at 怒目而视 2.see sth. out of the corner of one’s eye偶然瞟见 3.blink/wink at 朝……眨眼 4.catch a glimpse of看一眼 5.catch sight of 看见 6.take a quick/close look at快速浏览/仔细看 7.exchange glances 交换眼色 8.narrow one’s eyes 眯起眼 9.turn one’s eyes to 朝……看 10.look sb. in the eye 直视某人 11.eye sb. up and down上下打量某人 12.fix/focus one’s eyes on注视
佳 句 1.I glanced back over my shoulder to make sure that no one was following me. 我回头看了一眼以确保没有人跟踪我。 2.He dare not look me straight in the eye， but instead his eyes dropped to his feet.他不敢直视我的眼睛，反而垂下眼睛看着自己的脚。 3.While doing my homework， I lifted my eyes accidentally and saw Mom sitting there staring at me with a gentle smile on her lips.我在写作业时，不经意抬头看见妈妈坐在那里目不转睛地看着我，嘴角挂着一抹温柔的微笑。 4.Though her eyes were full of tears， she kept an eye on her father’s expression.她眼中噙满泪水，却留意着她父亲的神情。Unit 2 Healthy Lifestyle
Ⅰ.语法填空——词形转换、固定搭配
1.[2023全国甲]A day’s work was rewarded with ￡5 in pocket money.
2.[2022新高考Ⅰ]Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport？ Or do you just want to be physically （physical） fit， able to move with strength and flexibility？
3.[2022浙江1月]For nearly a decade now，Merebeth has been a self-employed pet transport specialist （special）.
4.[2022浙江1月]After long discussions we somehow agreed to do a study on the psychological （psychology） well-being of teenagers.
点拨
注意空后的well-being为名词，意为"健康，安乐"。
5.[2021全国乙]Still， 55 percent of Australians have a landline（座机） phone at home and only just over a quarter （29％） rely only on their smartphones， according to a survey（调查）.
6.[北京高考]Not everyone acts the same in response to events， and that is why what triggers one person may or may not trigger another.
7.[全国Ⅰ]When the container is full， you can suck the refreshment （refresh） out through the tube， and won’t have to break down the still（蒸馏器） every time you need a drink.
点拨
句意：当容器装满（水）时，你可以通过管子把水吸出来，这样就不必在每次需要喝水的时候都破坏蒸馏器了。refreshment泛指"食物"或"饮料"时为不可数名词，指"（会议或旅行等期间提供的）茶点"时，常用复数形式。
8.[浙江高考]That young man is honest， cooperative， always there when you need his help. In short， he’s reliable （rely）.
9.[全国Ⅰ]Our monthly （month） talks start at 19：30 on the first Thursday of each month except August.
Ⅱ.阅读理解——一词多义、熟词生义
1.
A. v.吸收 B.adj.全神贯注的
C. v.理解，掌握
①[2020新高考Ⅰ]In fact， most people only absorb about 20 percent of a speaker’s message. C
②[全国Ⅰ]It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working， and that’s plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day’s worth of Vitamin D. A
③[全国Ⅱ]These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. I don’t teach. B
2.[2021天津]She had to take time to discipline her daughter. v.管教
点拨
discipline作名词还可表示"纪律；自制力；学科"。如：
☆The school has a reputation for high standards of discipline.这所学校因纪律严格而闻名遐迩。
☆He’ll never get anywhere working for himself ─ he’s got no discipline.他为自己工作是不会有什么成就的——他毫无自制力。
☆To answer these questions，Brooks surveys a wide range of disciplines.为了回答这些问题，布鲁克斯调查了非常多学科。
3.[2020江苏]Before one of these workouts， the men skipped breakfast， meaning that they exercised on a completely empty stomach after a long overnight fast（禁食）. v.不做（应做的事等）；不参加
句意：在其中一次这样的锻炼之前，这些人不吃早餐，这意味着他们在通宵禁食后完全空腹锻炼。Before引出时间状语，meaning...是现在分词作状语，其中包含一个that引导的宾语从句。skip作动词，意思较多：蹦跳；跳（绳）；略过；快速转移（话题）；悄悄溜走；打水漂。
4.[江苏高考]If you want to disturb the car industry， you’d better have a few billion dollars： Mom-and-pop carmakers are unlikely to beat the biggest car companies. v.搅乱
点拨
mom-and-pop adj.（商店或企业）夫妻（或家庭）经营的。disturb熟义为"打扰"，除此之外，还有"使焦虑，使不安，使烦恼"之意。如：The letter shocked and disturbed me.这封信使我感到震惊和不安。
5.[江苏高考]In tests conducted by Tomasello， the human children did no better than the chimps（黑猩猩） on the physical world tests but were considerably better at understanding the social world. adj.客观存在的，物质的
点拨
句意：在托马塞洛进行的测试中，人类儿童在客观世界测试中的表现并不比黑猩猩好，但在理解社会世界方面明显表现得更好。physical world与social world相对应。physical熟义为"身体的"，除此之外还有"物理学的"意思，如：physical laws"物理定律"。
Ⅲ.写作——基础写作、读后续写
写作一 基础写作——越野赛跑活动报道
[2020新高考Ⅰ]假定你是李华，上周日你校举办了5公里越野赛跑活动。请你为校英文报写一篇报道，内容包括：
1.参加人员；
2.跑步路线：从校门口到南山脚下；
3.活动反响。
◎写作要点
1.为了让我们学生振奋起来，激发我们对运动的兴趣，我们学校上周日组织了一场5公里越野赛跑。（refresh， stimulate）
In order to refresh us students and stimulate our interest in exercise， our school organized a 5km cross-country race last Sunday.
2.来自20个班级的90名学生报名了比赛，其中30名是女生，没有一人逃赛。（skip）
Ninety students from twenty classes， of whom thirty were girls， entered for the race， and none of them skipped it.
3.早上9点，参赛者们一接到信号就从学校门口出发了，经过人民公园，最后到达了南山脚下，疲惫不堪，但很开心。（worn out）
At nine o’clock in the morning， the participants set out from the school gate as soon as they received the signal， through the Renmin Park， and finally arrived at the foot of Nanshan Mountain，worn out but happy.
4.比赛很有意义，不仅提高了我们的身体和心理素质，而且帮助我们树立了积极的生活态度。（rewarding， physical， psychological）
The race was rewarding， not only improving our physical and psychological qualities， but also helping us build a positive attitude towards life.
◎连句成篇
请运用恰当的连接词将以上写作要点串联成一篇语意连贯的短文。
A Cross-Country Running Race
In order to refresh us students and stimulate our interest in exercise， our school organized a 5km cross-country race last Sunday. Ninety students from twenty classes， of whom thirty were girls， entered for the race， and none of them skipped it. At nine o’clock in the morning， the participants set out from the school gate as soon as they received the signal， through the Renmin Park， and finally arrived at the foot of Nanshan Mountain， worn out but happy. All of us agreed that the race was rewarding， not only improving our physical and psychological qualities， but also helping us build a positive attitude towards life. Therefore， we do hope that the school will hold more similar activities in the future.
写作二 读后续写——动作描写之各种"笑"
积累背诵 仿写运用
单 词 smile， laugh， grin 咧嘴笑， giggle咯咯地笑， chuckle轻声地笑 根据左栏素材完成下列各句 1."我成功了。" 我高兴地喊道，然后转过身来，对姐姐报以温暖的微笑。 "I made it，" I cried in delight and turned around， casting a warm smile at my sister .（现在分词作状语） 2.老师尽管对这个结果很失望，但还是勉强露出一丝微笑。 Although the teacher was disappointed at the result， he still forced/squeezed a smile . 3.他用方言讲了个笑话，逗得大家哈哈大笑。 He told a joke in dialect， making everyone roar with laughter .（现在分词作状语） 4.听到我们队赢得了比赛，教练笑得合不拢嘴。 Hearing that our team won the match， our coach grinned/smiled from ear to ear . 5.当意识到我们有多么傻的时候我们都笑得浑身直抖。 We all shook with laughter when we realized how stupid we’d been.
词 组 1.grin/smile from ear to ear 笑得合不拢嘴 2.force/squeeze a smile勉强露出一丝微笑 3.cast a smile at sb.向某人微笑 4.a bright/big smile/grin灿烂的笑容 5.laugh one’s head off狂笑不已 6.burst into laughter突然大笑 7.roar with laughter放声大笑 8.shake with laughter笑得浑身直抖
佳 句 1.She was relieved to see his face light up with a boyish grin. 看到他脸上现出孩子气的笑容，她总算松了口气。 2.The audience roared with laughter at the comedians’ jokes.观众们被喜剧演员的笑话逗得哈哈大笑。 3.When I walked past her， she flashed a shy smile at me without saying anything.我从她旁边走过时，她羞怯地朝我一笑，什么也没说。Unit 1 Art
Ⅰ.语法填空——词形转换、固定搭配
1.[2022全国乙]This exhibition （exhibit） of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotland’s best loved painter， Sir Henry Raeburn， comes to London.
点拨
句意：这场由大约60件杰出作品组成的展览将在伦敦举行，这些杰作颂扬了苏格兰最受喜爱的画家亨利·雷伯恩爵士的生活和工作。
2.[2021北京]Then， an OIC representative （represent） gave us some details， which somewhat interested me.
3.[2021新高考Ⅱ]Andria’s brilliant project to bring artists from all fields into direct contact with children is particularly （particular） welcome at a time when the arts are being downgraded in schools.
点拨
句意：安德里亚让各个领域的艺术家与孩子们直接接触的出色计划，在艺术在学校被低估的时代尤其受欢迎。空后的welcome为形容词，空处修饰形容词，故用副词。
4.[2021天津]I didn’t mind having a tense relationship with my brother because I was involved at school. In particular， I threw myself into the world of musicals.
5.[2020新高考Ⅰ]The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential （influence）when we’re making decisions.
6.[全国Ⅱ]Another way of setting realistic （real） goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives， keeping in mind your beliefs，values and strengths.
点拨
realistic"现实的；逼真的"，real"真的，真实的"。
7.[江苏高考]We are so fond of our high intelligence that we assume that when it comes to brain power， more must be better.
8.[江苏高考]Raynor Winn and her husband Moth became homeless due to their wrong investment （invest）.
9.[浙江高考]Make something worthy （worth） out of your experience. Create stories that you will want to tell your grandchildren one day.
点拨
根据语境可知，此处表示"用你的经验做一些有价值的事情"，空处修饰不定代词something，放在了something之后，应用形容词。
Ⅱ.阅读理解——一词多义、熟词生义
1.
A. v.婉拒，谢绝 B.n.减少，下降
C. v.减少，下降
①[2023浙江1月]Habitat loss， pesticide use， and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pollinator（传粉昆虫） populations over the past couple of decades， which has damaged the U.S. agricultural economy. B
②[2020新高考Ⅰ]A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the damage it caused had driven away a number of birds. Besides， the number of snakes had declined as well. C
③[2020天津]We offered to give Sharon a ride home， but she declined， saying that she felt like walking. A
2.[2022新高考Ⅰ]Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do， how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session，and her age. n.启事，声明
3.[2021全国甲]Each year，the high standard of entries has shown that the Awards are the perfect platform to showcase the very best photography of the British landscape. n.参赛作品
Ⅲ.写作——基础写作、读后续写
写作一 基础写作——国画作品展
[2021浙江]昨天你参观了学校举办的学生国画作品展。请给校英文报写一篇宣传稿，内容包括：
1.展览时间、地点；
2.观展感受；
3.推荐观展。
◎写作要点
1.昨天下午，我参观了学校图书馆二楼大厅的学生国画作品展。（exhibition）
Yesterday afternoon， I visited an exhibition of students’ traditional Chinese paintings in the hall on the second floor of the school library.
2.每个学生都可以在这个月的每天下午3点到5点进入。（entry）
Every student can make entry to it from 3：00 to 5：00 every afternoon this month.
3.一些（作品）以精细的细节将人物描绘得栩栩如生，而另一些则是典型的水墨画。（bring...to life， representative）
Some bring the figures to life with fine details while others are representative of ink wash paintings.
4.这场展览不仅丰富了我的课后生活，也激励我更多地了解中国画，因此它完全值得参观。（be worthy of）
Not only does the exhibition enrich my after-class life， but also it inspires me to learn more about Chinese paintings， so it is completely worthy of being visited.
5.虽然艺术品位是一个主观问题，但我保证每个人都会从展览中获得一些东西。（subjective， guarantee）
Although taste in art is a subjective matter， I guarantee that everyone will gain something from the exhibition.
◎连句成篇
请运用恰当的连接词将以上写作要点串联成一篇语意连贯的短文。
Yesterday afternoon， I visited an exhibition of students’ traditional Chinese paintings in the hall on the second floor of the school library.
Every student can make entry to it from 3：00 to 5：00 every afternoon this month. A huge number of Chinese paintings by students are on display， among which are paintings of birds， flowers， shrimps and so on. Some bring the figures to life with fine details while others are representative of ink wash paintings. I like one in particular because its bright colors set it apart from the others. Not only does the exhibition enrich my after-class life， but also it inspires me to learn more about Chinese paintings， so it is completely worthy of being visited.
Although taste in art is a subjective matter， I guarantee that everyone will gain something from the exhibition.
写作二 读后续写——动作描写之各种"说"
积累背诵 仿写运用
单 词 whisper小声说，murmur低语， shout喊， yell大喊， scream尖叫， roar吼， sob哭诉， sigh叹息道， explain解释道， scold责骂， add 补充道， continue继续说道， comfort安慰道， insist坚持说， remark评论 修饰动词的副词：firmly， excitedly， seriously， sincerely， angrily， slowly， regretfully， impatiently， curiously， shyly， unpleasantly 根据左栏素材完成下列各句 1."救命！"她扯着嗓子喊道。 "Help me！" she yelled/shouted at the top of her voice . 2."我为意大利面条的事感到抱歉。"凯瑟琳低声道歉，脸涨红了。 "I’m sorry about the spaghetti thing，" Catherine murmured an apology/apologized in a low voice ， her face reddening. 3.他拦住我，我生气地看了他一眼，不耐烦地吼道："别烦我！" He stopped me. I glanced at him angrily and roared without patience/impatiently ， "Leave me alone！" 4.富人先是大吃一惊，接着遗憾地叹息道："你怎么会弄到这个境地呢？" The rich man was astonished at first， and then sighed with regret/regretfully ， "How can you be in reduced circumstances？" 5."我是不会放弃的。"他直视着我的眼睛，坚定地说。 "I will never give up，" he said in a firm tone/firmly ， looking me straight in the eye.
词 组 1.in a friendly/pleasant/low/firm tone以友好/愉悦/低沉/坚定的语气 2.in a low/loud/soft/sharp voice以低沉/响亮/轻柔/尖锐的声音 3.at the top of one’s voice（尽全力）大声喊叫或说话
佳 句 1."I broke the window，" the boy said in a trembling voice."我打碎了窗户。"这个男孩声音颤抖地说。 2."Is it true？" hewhispered with astonishment. "是真的吗？"他惊讶地低声说。
