Unit 5 Launching Your Career
一、阅读理解
A
[责任担当/2023渝琼辽名校仿真模拟联考]My parents ran the Pagonis Restaurant， a small eatery in Charleroi， Pennsylvania， and my first real job， when I was six years old， was shining diners’ shoes. My duties increased as I grew older. By the age of ten I was clearing tables and working as the janitor（清洁工）. Dad beamed when he told me that I was the best "mop guy" he’d ever had.
Working in the restaurant was a source of great pride because I was pitching in for the good of the whole family. But my father made it clear that I had to meet certain standards to be part of the team. I had to be responsible， hard-working and polite to the customers.
Except for the shoeshine job， I was never paid for any work I did at the restaurant. One day I made the mistake of telling Dad I thought he should give me $10 a week. He said， "Okay， then how about you paying me for the three meals a day you eat here？ And for the times you bring in your buddies for free sodas？" He figured I owed him about $40 a week. This taught me that when you negotiate， you’d better know the other side’s arguments as well as your own.
I remember coming home to Charleroi after being away in the army about two years. I had just been promoted to captain and was full of pride as I walked into my parents’ restaurant. The first thing Dad said was， "It’s the janitor’s day off. How about you cleaning up tonight？""I can’t believe this！" I thought. "I’m an officer in the United States Army！" But it didn’t matter. As far as Dad was concerned， I was just another member of the team. I reached for the mop.
Working for Dad had taught me that loyalty to a team comes first. It doesn’t matter whether that team is involved in a family restaurant or in the army.
这是一篇记叙文。作者幼时起就在父母经营的餐馆帮工，在这期间，父亲教导作者：整个家庭作为一个团队，每一个成员都要努力担负起自己的责任。后来作者当了军官，回到餐馆时，父亲还是让他拿起拖把，担负起在家庭里的责任。
1. How was the author’s work at the restaurant？
A. It was unpaid.
B. It was beyond his power.
C. It was negotiable.
D. It was thought highly of by his father.
解析 D 细节理解题。由第一段中的"By the age of ten I was clearing tables and working as the janitor（清洁工）. Dad beamed when he told me that I was the best ‘mop guy’ he’d ever had"可知，父亲对作者的清洁工作评价很高，很赞赏，故选D项。
2. What do the underlined words "pitching in" in Paragraph 2 mean？
A. Doing my bit.
B. Swallowing my pride.
C. Making a sacrifice.
D. Earning a living.
解析 A 词义猜测题。由画线短语前的"Working in the restaurant was a source of great pride"可知，作者在自家小餐馆工作是有自豪感的，因为他为了整个家庭的利益，付出了自己的一份努力，所以画线短语应该表示"出了自己的一份力"，故选A项。
3. What can we learn about the author from Paragraph 4？
A. He got annoyed at his father’s words.
B. He hadn’t expected to be treated as before.
C. His father didn’t realize he was an honored captain.
D. His father fully understood his son’s pride as an officer.
解析 B 推理判断题。由第四段中的"I remember coming home to Charleroi after being away in the Army about two years. I had just been promoted to captain and was full of pride as I walked into my parents’ restaurant. The first thing Dad said was，‘It’s the janitor’s day off. How about you cleaning up tonight？’‘I can’t believe this！’ I thought. ‘I’m an officer in the United States Army！’"可知，作者为自己的军官的身份很自豪，认为自己和以前不一样了。可是爸爸还是把他看成家庭团队中的普通一员，对待他和以前一样，让他打扫。不难得知，作者很意外，故选B项。
4. What qualities are required to be a good team member according to the text？
A. Responsibility and generosity.
B. Politeness and kindness.
C. Diligence and faithfulness.
D. Devotion and ambition.
解析 C 推理判断题。由第二段中的"I had to meet certain standards to be part of the team. I had to be responsible， hard-working and polite to the customers"可知，根据文中父亲的标准，一个团队的成员应该勤奋、责任心强。be hard-working与diligence意思一致，be responsible 和 faithfulness意义一致，故选C项。
B
[2023湖南长沙雅礼中学二模]Known on the social media as the Sioux Chef， Sean Sherman grew up on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation. He is reconnecting the locals of North America with native flavors and ingredients， and working to inspire a generation of indigenous（本土的） chefs to reclaim their cooking past.
Pine Ridge in South Dakota contains some of the poorest communities in the country， and it’s out of that environment that Sherman got his first job in the restaurant industry as a dishwasher at a local steakhouse. As he developed a love of cooking， which saw him move to Minneapolis to study Japanese and French cuisines， Sherman realized he didn’t know indigenous recipes.
"What were my Lakota ancestors eating and storing away？ How were they getting oils， salts and fats and things like that？" Sherman remembered asking himself in an interview on PBS NewsHour. "So it took me quite a few years of just researching， but it really became a passion."
These years of researching， talking to elders， and consulting written material helped him produce TheSiouxChef’sIndigenousKitchen， which in 2018 won Sherman the James Beard Award for Best American Cookbook.
After publishing the book， Sherman opened his restaurant，Owamni， in Minneapolis and created the North American Traditional Indigenous Food Systems（NATIFS）. It is a professional indigenous kitchen and training center that seeks to create an educational space for native chefs to be trained and develop their skills， and reconnect with their cooking heritage.
"Part of our challenge to ourselves was to cut out ingredients that are not native so we stopped using dairy， wheat flour and cane sugar，" he said. He cooks with local ingredients. His choices of meats are the same as those hunted by his ancestors — deer， fish， and birds.
"For indigenous people who went through very strong assimilation（同化现象）， we lost a lot of our food culture，" Sherman said. "But we’re at a point now where we can reclaim it and develop it for the next generation. To be able to share culture through food will be really healing."
Sean Sherman在松树岭印第安人保留地长大。他致力于重新确定本土菜肴的地位，并且鼓励更多的人成为本土厨师，以对抗现如今世界各地菜肴的严重同化。
1. What did Sherman realize when he was in Minneapolis？
A. He didn’t have enough cooking passion.
B. He should spend a few years researching cooking.
C. He should write a book about the indigenous recipes.
D. He didn’t know his Lakota ancestors’ cooking ways and ingredients.
解析 D 细节理解题。由第二段中的"As he developed a love of cooking， which saw him move to Minneapolis to study Japanese and French cuisines， Sherman realized he didn’t know indigenous recipes"和第三段中的"What were my Lakota ancestors eating and storing away？"可知，Sherman在明尼阿波利斯的时候意识到了他不知道他的拉科塔祖先的烹饪方法和配料，故选D。
2. Sherman set up the NATIFS center to .
A. make money and open his own restaurant
B. build an educational space for local children
C. train and help local chefs to cook local food
D. teach native chefs the most superb cooking skills
解析 C 细节理解题。由第五段内容可知，Sherman创办北美传统土著食品系统就是为了培训当地厨师，发展他们自己的技能并重拾他们的烹饪传统，故选C。
3. What is a problem for his native cooking culture according to Sherman？
A. Very strong assimilation.
B. Its high speed of evolution.
C. Too much meat in the diet.
D. Indigenous recipes that can’t be shared.
解析 A 细节理解题。由最后一段中的"‘For indigenous people who went through very strong assimilation（同化现象）， we lost a lot of our food culture，’ Sherman said"可知，Sherman认为本土烹饪文化的最大问题就是被同化得太严重，失去了很多祖先的饮食文化，故选A。
4. Which is the best title for the passage？
A. Local recipes： chefs trained
B. Local recipes： fame achieved
C. Local recipes： restaurants refreshed
D. Local recipes： food culture preserved
解析 D 标题归纳题。由第一段最后一句"He is reconnecting the locals of North America with native flavors and ingredients， and working to inspire a generation of indigenous（本土的） chefs to reclaim their cooking past"以及接下来几段的介绍可知，全文是围绕Sean Sherman对保护本土餐饮文化所做的努力展开的，由此可知，"Local recipes： food culture preserved"做文章标题最为合适。
二、七选五
[2023甘肃一诊]A job opening is a vacancy which an employer desires to fill. 1 . For job seekers， tracking down job openings is very important， while employers want to quickly fill the position with the best possible person.
When an employer recognizes the need for a new employee， the person in charge of hiring usually sits down and creates an advertisement for the job opening. Typically， the advertisement includes the job title and a brief description of the duties associated with the job. The company name is included， contact information is provided， 2 .
3 . If the job is with an Internet firm， for example， the job will usually appear on the company website and on relevant online job boards. If the job is a more casual retail job， it might be published in local classified ads. Some employers may also directly advertise a job opening with a sign in the window.
4 . By researching the information carefully， they can determine whether or not they are fit for a job. Job applicants should follow application directions carefully. 5 . An applicant who drops by for a copy of a job application in tidy clothing， for example， is far more likely to get the job. Resumes and other supporting materials should also be neatly organized to project an air of responsibility and confidence.
A. Typically， such openings are advertised
B. They should always present themselves neatly
C. A job opening will be published in various locations
D. and applicants are required to offer their qualifications
E. and potential salary information may be included as well
F. People looking for job opportunities generally search in particular areas
G. Applicants should carefully review the available information of a job opening
本文主要介绍了用人单位制订招聘启事的过程，并重点介绍了求职者如何通过招聘信息确定应聘策略。
1.A "A job opening is...desires to fill"与A项衔接自然。A项中的openings与空前句子中的vacancy相对应。
2.E 由空前的逗号可知，答案锁定在D项和E项之中；由第二段尾句中的"The company name is included， contact information is provided"可知，本空填E项。E项也在公司提供的信息范畴之内。
3.C 通读第三段内容可知，该段主要介绍了招聘广告的投放地点，包括线上发布、在橱窗标牌上贴出等。C项能充当该段的主题句。
4.G 由空处下句"By researching the...fit for a job"可知，通过仔细研究信息，他们可以确定自己是否适合一份工作，而G项中的carefully review the available information of a job opening与之相吻合。
5.B 由空后的"An applicant who...to get the job"可知，一个穿着整洁的、顺道来索要一份求职申请表的求职者得到这份工作的可能性要大得多，B项（他们应该始终整洁地展示自己）与此对应。
三、完形填空
[2023湖北武汉调研]Like most people， I have to work for a living. We have a bank loan， and other 1 we have to pay. But I certainly don’t have a nine-to-five 2 . I decided long ago that I could not 3 fixed working hours for a big company and that I certainly wasn’t suitable to 4 in an office day in and day out. I work 5 as a writer， garden designer， and sustainability consultant. For many days I work long hours， but I have a lot of 6 and control over everything. I have found my 7 — what I really want to do.
But I fully appreciate that most people are not in such a 8 position and that some of them have no choice but to 9 the work they do not like. Therefore， many people feel 10 in their jobs even when they are not really stuck at all. Finding sustainable solutions and a better quality of life means 11 long and hard about what you really want to do， and how you can 12 that goal.
Working for yourself is beneficial on 13 levels： You save time， you save money， and you can potentially 14 your carbon footprint. Consider this： Management consultancy firm WSP found working from 15 can help reduce your carbon footprint in the summer months.
文章通过作者的自身经历传达了一个自由职业者的内心感受，阐明了自由职业的诸多好处。
1. A. wages B. rents
C. bills D. fines
解析 C 结合"I have to work for a living.We have a bank loan"和常识可知，作者生活不易，有银行贷款和其他账单需要支付，故选C。wage工资，rent租金，bill账单，fine罚款。
2. A. habit B. job
C. workout D. trip
解析 B 由下文内容可知，作者是自由职业者，没有一份朝九晚五的工作，故选B。
3. A. arrange B. resist
C. avoid D.bear
解析 D 由后文可知，此处应指作者很久以前就决定自己不能忍受大公司固定的工作时间，故选D。arrange安排，resist抵抗，avoid避免，bear忍受。
4. A. arrive B. compete
C. sit D. communicate
解析 C 由语境可知，此处是指作者不适合日复一日地坐在办公室里，故选C。
5. A. dully B. occasionally
C. cooperatively D. independently
解析 D 此处应表示作者是独立工作的作家、花园设计师和可持续发展顾问，independently表示"独立地"，故选D。dully呆滞地，occasionally偶尔，cooperatively合作地。
6. A. judgment B. flexibility
C. burden D. doubt
解析 B 由空后的"and control over everything"可知，此处表示作者的工作有很大的灵活性，可以掌控一切，故选B。judgment判断力，flexibility灵活性，burden负担，doubt怀疑。
7. A. routine B. style
C. pressure D. passion
解析 D 由破折号后面的"what I really want to do"可知，此处指作者找到了自己的热情所在，故选D。routine常规，style风格，pressure压力，passion热情。
8.A. fortunate B. promising
C. profitable D. permanent
解析 A 由后面的"and some of them have no choice but to 9 the work they do not like"可知，作者明白多数人不像自己那么幸运，故选A。fortunate幸运的，promising有前途的，profitable获利的，permanent永久的。
9.A. submit to B. leave out
C. make for D. depart from
解析 A 由语境可知，他们中的一些人别无选择，只能屈服于他们不喜欢的工作，故选A。submit to屈服于，leave out忽略，make for前往，depart from离开。
10. A. interested B. relaxed
C. engaged D.trapped
解析 D 由语境可知，此处表示"许多人觉得自己被工作困住了，即使他们实际上根本没有被困住"，故选D项。
11. A. complaining B. thinking
C. worrying D. arguing
解析 B 此处表示找到可持续的解决方案和更好的生活质量意味着要长期认真地思考你真正想做的事情以及你如何能够实现那个目标，故选B。
12.A. reach B. ignore
C. discover D. switch
解析 A 参见上题解析。reach 实现。
13. A. special B.multiple
C. high D. spiritual
解析 B 由后文可知，此处指为自己工作有很多好处，故选B。multiple多种多样的。
14.A. decrease B. record
C. calculate D. increase
解析 A 由下文中的"can help reduce your carbon footprint"可知，此处指你可以减少你的碳足迹，故选A。
15. A. nothing B. reality
C. home D. office
解析 C 结合后面的"can help reduce your carbon footprint"和常识可知，此处指在家办公有助于减少夏季的碳足迹，故选C。work from home 在家上班。Unit 4 Sharing
一、阅读理解
A
[志愿服务/2023江苏苏北七市二模]When she first came to Britain as a refugee（难民） from Nigeria six years ago， Kemi had a three-month-old daughter， a room in a shared house and ￡5.39 to survive on each day. Finding money for new clothes was out of the question.
After four years， Kemi was granted refugee status and secured her first job interview — unsurprisingly， she had nothing to wear. However， she was referred to a small social enterprise called Give Your Best， which asked her her size and what kind of clothes she liked. "And they gave me three beautiful shirts. Those clothes were like gold to me. They asked me what I actually wanted. That makes you feel valued."
The initiative was launched by Sol Escobar， who had spent several years volunteering at refugee camps in northern France. A friend put her in contact with a household of refugee women who couldn’t access any clothing. Escobar realised she had surplus（剩余） clothes she could donate， and appealed to her friends and networks for help. She was flooded with offers， but didn’t want to overload the women with potentially improper clothing. "So I thought， if I take photos of all of these items and put them on an Instagram page， they can all choose the things that they actually want."
Eighteen months later， Give Your Best has processed almost 11，000 items of clothing， and has more than 800 refugee women approved to "shop" for free on its virtual shopfront. It is aiming for much more， however. Having reached the very limit of donations and requests it could handle through Instagram， the enterprise has just launched a new digital platform that will allow it to hugely upscale.
Like the hugely successful clothing resale app， clothes are photographed and uploaded to Give Your Best， where customers select those they like and donors then post the item. Crucially， however， no money changes hands.
As well as giving choice to its users and minimising fashion waste， Escobar says one consequence has been the small but intimate（亲密的） connections established between donor and shopper. Many donors choose to include a supportive note and a small gift — hugely welcomed by recipients （接受者）， but also a reminder that "on the other side of your package， there’s a woman who is your size and has your fashion sense， because she’s shopping from your wardrobe（衣橱）".
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Sol Escobar创立的企业Give Your Best为难民提供免费的衣服，并在捐赠者和难民之间建立了亲密的人际关系。
1. What’s the purpose of the enterprise？
A. To offer job training to refugees.
B. To provide childcare for refugees.
C. To give refugees dignity of choice.
D. To strengthen refugees’ social position.
解析 C 推理判断题。由第二段内容可知，Give Your Best让像Kemi一样的难民可以根据自己的尺码和喜好选择衣服，这种做法给予了难民选择的尊严，故选C项。
2. What does paragraph 3 focus on？
A. How the enterprise survived.
B. How the enterprise advertised.
C. How the enterprise was named.
D. How the enterprise was initiated.
解析 D 段落大意题。通读第三段可知，本段主要讲是的企业Give Your Best是如何创立的，故选D项。
3. What do we learn about the enterprise from the text？
A. It is warmly received.
B. It is difficult to operate.
C. It makes huge profits.
D. It needs to be more creative.
解析 A 推理判断题。由第四段中的"Eighteen months later， Give Your Best has processed almost 11，000 items of clothing， and has more than 800 refugee women approved to ‘shop’ for free on its virtual shopfront"可推知，企业Give Your Best深受欢迎，故选A项。
4. What does the enterprise bring to its donors and recipients？
A. Enjoyable shopping experiences.
B. A sense of social responsibility.
C. Close interpersonal relationships.
D. A good insight into the fashion trend.
解析 C 细节理解题。由最后一段中的"As well as giving choice to its users and minimising fashion waste， Escobar says one consequence has been the small but intimate（亲密的） connections established between donor and shopper"可知，Give Your Best让捐赠者和接受者建立了亲密的人际关系，故选C项。
B
Robin Hood famously stole from the rich and gave to the poor. Newly hatched young barn owls（仓鸮） do something similar.
On average， barn owls raise six chicks at once — and sometimes as many as nine. But they don’t all hatch at the same time， which means the older owls are generally larger and healthier than their younger brothers and sisters. As long as the little owls remain in the nest， they’re completely dependent on their parents for food. In many birds， the oldest would simply outcompete the youngest， but barn owls are different. It turns out that the older， healthier birds sometimes share their meals with their hungry siblings（兄弟姐妹）.
"In chicks， it is really rarely observed. So it’s quite impressive that in this group， there is behavior showing they work together，" added evolutionary biologist Pauline Ducouret from the University of Lausanne in Switzerland. She and her team wanted to know how this unique behavior evolved. It could be explained by the direct benefits gained through group work， such as sharing food for grooming（梳毛）. Or it could be explained by the indirect benefits gained from helping others that are closely related — also known as "kin selection".
They found that the answer was both. Younger birds groomed older ones more often than older ones groomed the youngsters. And in return， the older birds fed their younger siblings. In addition， older owls would offer food to their hungry siblings rather than eat themselves， even in the absence of grooming. Ducouret said that evolutionary biologists usually characterize sibling relationships as competitive or even opposed. But remarkably complex examples of group work can still be found among animal brothers and sisters.
It seems that even newly hatched barn owls know that sharing is caring. So think twice before doing something selfish. After all， you don’t want to be defeated by a newly hatched bird.
本文是说明文。人们极少在雏鸟身上观察到合作和共享行为。因此，仓鸮这一物种的合作和共享行为令人印象相当深刻，研究人员对此展开了研究。
【词语积累】 hatch v.（使）孵出，孵化n.新孵出的幼崽
outcompete v.（在竞争中）胜出，（竞争力）超过
evolutionary adj.进化的，演变的
youngster n.幼小动物，年轻人
characterize v.描述，刻画，表现（……的特征、特点）
remarkably adv.惊人地，非凡地
1. What do we know about the little barn owls？
A. They are fed by parents in the nest.
B. They are hatched at the same time.
C. They hunt for food soon after hatching.
D.They compete with siblings for food.
解析 A 细节理解题。由第二段的"As long as the little owls remain in the nest， they’re completely dependent on their parents for food"可知，只要小仓鸮还待在巢里，它们就完全依赖父母喂食，故A项正确。
2. What does the third paragraph serve as？
A. The explanation of kin selection.
B. A background of researchers’ study.
C. The comment on barn owls’ behavior.
D. An introduction of barn owls’ living habits.
解析 B 推理判断题。由第三段内容，尤其是"She and her team wanted to know how this unique behavior evolved"可知，研究人员认为，这种现象在雏鸟身上很少被观察到，所以小仓鸮的合作行为就非常让人印象深刻。他们想知道这种独特的行为是如何进化形成的。由此可推知，第三段主要介绍的是研究人员进行研究的背景。
3. What is the author’s tone in the last paragraph？
A. Worried. B. Serious.
C. Amazed. D.Humorous.
解析 D 推理判断题。最后一段提到，似乎连刚孵化的小仓鸮都知道分享就是关心，所以在做一些自私的事情之前要三思而后行。毕竟，你也不想被一只刚孵化出来的鸟打败。由此可知，作者在最后一段使用了比较幽默的方式来行文，故D项正确。
4.Which can be the best title for the text？
A. Sibling Relationships Are Important for Barn Owls
B. Barn Owls Are Found to Be Good at Stealing Food
C. Barn Owl Babies Can Be Helpful Hatch Mates
D. Grooming Is a Language Among Barn Owls
解析 C 标题归纳题。由全文内容，尤其是由第四段的"They found that the answer was both. Younger birds groomed older ones more often than older ones ...even in the absence of grooming"可知，文章主要介绍了仓鸮雏鸟的合作行为。C项（仓鸮雏鸟可能是对新孵出的幼崽有帮助的同伴）概括了文章主要内容，且表达形象贴切，做本文标题最佳。
二、七选五
[2023湖北武汉统考]The most important thing to keep in mind when deciding to serve another is that service expects no rewards. When you expect something in return， and are not serving out of the goodness of your heart， others will notice. Sure they’ll thank you. 1
When you give from your heart， the real power of service comes into play. Serving is a great opportunity to strengthen your trust and respect for another， and for them to do the same to you. Not only do you feel great about helping out， but you build your relationship with them， and they will feel more willing to help you in the future. 2
However， why is service so rarely seen these days？ 3 Sure， living in this day and age does not leave us much time， and the last thing people want to do is more work. "I’m too busy， there’s too much work， or I don’t have the time" may run through your head when you hear the word service， but the truth is the benefits are worth the sacrifice. Gandhi once said， "The best way to find yourself is to lose yourself in the service of others." 4 Some ideas of places you can serve are volunteer centers， nursing homes， and so on. You can serve people as long as you want to.
5 Although it does take some work， the benefits are well worth the sacrifice. Not only do you feel better about making another’s day a little less stressful， but you strengthen your relationship with them and they will be more willing to help you in the future.
A. It’s a win-win situation.
B. Service is simple.
C. Overall， service and selflessly giving to others is very powerful and has many benefits.
D. And they will offer you worse service.
E. Service is a complex event.
F. The problem is， there’s always an excuse not to serve.
G. But the service becomes more of a situation， "I’ll do this for you if you do this for me".
本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕对他人的服务展开。
1.G 上文提示"当你期望得到回报，而不是出于好心去服务，别人会注意到的。当然他们会感谢你的"。G项（但服务更像是这样一种情况，"如果你为我做这件事，我就会为你做这件事"）与上文存在转折关系。
2.A 上文提到"帮助别人你不仅会感觉很好，而且你还和他们建立了关系，他们将来会更愿意帮助你"。A项（这是一个双赢的局面）是对上文的总结。
3.F F项道出了"However， why is service so rarely seen these days？ "的原因所在。
4.B 上文提到"找到自我的最好方法就是全身心地投入到为他人服务中"，再根据下文提到的"你可以服务的地方有志愿者中心、养老院等等"可知，B项放在此处能起到承上启下的作用。
5.C 下文提到"虽然这确实需要付出一些努力，但付出的代价是值得的"。C项（Overall， service and selflessly giving to others is very powerful and has many benefits）放在此处能很好地与下文衔接。
三、完形填空
[2024河北衡水武强中学期中]Blankets can keep you warm on cold nights or clean and relatively ant-free on picnics， but Lucy Blaylock makes blankets for a different purpose： to 1 people going through difficult times. She wants her blankets to feel like a big， 2 hug. Lucy learned to sew three years ago， when she was 8. After she 3 a blanket for a friend’s birthday， she started to think about other kids who might need a little 4 love. She didn’t know whether she was right so she shared her 5 on a social website for help. Surprisingly， she received 16 6 from children facing issues such as cancer， autism（自闭症） and the death of a grandmother.
"It makes me 7 when I think of the kids getting the package in the mail and 8 it，" said the 11-year-old， who just completed fifth grade in Gallatin， Tennessee. "I always hope they know someone 9 them."
Since 2019， Lucy has 10 about 500 Lucy’s Love Blankets to kids living in 14 countries and nearly three-dozen states. She spends about two hours 11 her name inside a heart on the blankets — her logo， of sorts.
For kids who are interested in volunteering， she encourages them to go ahead without 12 . "Don’t wait 13 you have everything figured out. Just do it， and keep going，" she said. "Even when you feel like it might not be making so big a 14 ， serving other people always matters. Even though you may 15 something hard and challenging at times， it is always the right thing to do."
本文是一篇记叙文。一个名叫Lucy Blaylock的11岁女孩制作毯子给那些正在面对困难的人。她希望这些毯子能给人们带来安慰和温暖。
1. A. protect B. save
C. comfort D. prevent
解析 C 毯子可以让你在寒冷的夜晚保持温暖，也可以让你在野餐时干净、相对没有蚂蚁，但Lucy Blaylock制作毯子的目的不同：安慰（comfort）经历困难时期的人。
2. A. warm B. clean
C. usual D. wise
解析 A 她想让她的毯子感觉像一个温暖的（warm）拥抱。
3. A. bought B. showed
C. made D. got
解析 C 她为一个朋友的生日制作（made）了一条毯子后，她开始思考是否还有其他需要额外（extra）关爱的孩子们。
4. A. common B. bearable
C. expensive D.extra
解析 D 参见上题解析。
5.A. idea B. excitement
C. work D. success
解析 A 由"she started to think about other kids who might need a little 4 love"可知，她有想给其他孩子做毯子的想法，故选A。
6. A. doubts B.responses
C. issues D. shares
解析 B 令人惊讶的是，她收到了16个孩子的回复（responses），这些孩子面临着癌症、自闭症和祖母去世等问题。
7. A. puzzled B.excited
C. lucky D. comfortable
解析 B 当我想到孩子们收到邮递的包裹并打开（opening）时，我就很兴奋（excited）。
8. A. tearing B. receiving
C. throwing D.opening
解析 D 参加上题解析。
9. A. takes up B. deals with
C. cares about D. depends on
解析 C 我总是希望他们知道有人关心（cares about）他们。
10. A. paid B.donated
C. passed D. collected
解析 B 自2019年以来，露西已经向生活在14个国家和近36个州的孩子们捐赠（donated）了大约500条"Lucy爱毯"。
11. A. writing B. sticking
C. sewing D. figuring
解析 C 她花了大约两个小时把自己的名字缝（sewing）在毯子上的心形图案里——这是她的标志。
12.A. hesitation B. patience
C. power D. practice
解析 A 对于那些对志愿服务感兴趣的孩子，她鼓励他们毫不犹豫（hesitation）地去做。
13. A. before B.until
C. once D. after
解析 B 由"Don’t wait"可知，此处表示不要等到把所有事情弄清楚再去做，not...until为固定结构，意为"直到……才"，故选B。
14. A. light B. hug
C. name D. difference
解析 D 即使你觉得自己的贡献可能不会产生太大的影响，为他人服务始终是重要的。make a big difference为固定短语，意为"产生重大的影响"。
15. A. find out B. take up
C. lead to D.meet with
解析 D 即使你有时会遇到（meet with）一些困难和挑战，但这永远是正确的事情。find out发现，take up学着做，lead to导致。Unit 3 Sea Exploration
一、阅读理解
A
One of the ocean’s noisiest creatures is smaller than you’d expect — snapping shrimp（鼓虾）. They create a widespread background noise in the underwater environment， which helps them communicate， defend territories and hunt for food. When enough shrimp snap（发出噼啪声） at once， the noise can dominate the soundscape of coastal waters.
Aran Mooney， a biologist at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution， suggested that with increased ocean temperatures， snapping shrimp will snap more often and louder than before. This could raise the background noise of the global ocean. "They make a sound by closing a claw so fast. This makes a bubble（泡泡） and when that bubble explodes， it makes that snapping sound，" said Mooney.
Mooney detected a strong relationship between warmer waters and deafening， more frequent snapping shrimp sounds by experimenting with the shrimp in tanks in the lab and by listening to the shrimp in the ocean at various water temperatures. "As the temperature rises， the snap rate increases，" he said. This makes sense because shrimp are essentially cold-blooded animals， meaning their body temperature and activity levels are largely controlled by their living environment. "We can actually show in the field that not only do snap rates increase， but the sound levels increase as well，" he said.
How the louder snapping shrimp would bother or benefit the surroundings remained to be seen. "We know that fish use sound to communicate，" Mooney said. "If the environment gets noisy， it has the potential to influence that communication. That’s something we have to follow up on." There is also the possibility that the change of snapping shrimp disturbs instruments humans use to detect mines， which could have implications for national defense.
本文是说明文。鼓虾是一种体型很小却能发出很大声音的海洋生物，随着气候变暖及海水升温，鼓虾发出的声音也日益增大，这可能会影响其他海洋生物和人类。
1. What can we know about the snapping shrimp’s sound？
A. It has multiple uses.
B. It is vital to the ecosystem.
C. It is hard to be detected.
D. It aims to protect the shrimp.
解析 A 细节理解题。由第一段中的"They create a widespread background noise...which helps them communicate， defend territories and hunt for food"可知，鼓虾发出的声音有助于它们交流、保卫领土和寻找食物，即其声音有多种作用，故本题选A。
2. How does Mooney reach the conclusion？
A. By observing snapping shrimp in the field.
B. By recording snap rates in the lab.
C. By analyzing the way shrimp make noise.
D. By comparing shrimp’s sound in different places.
解析 D 推理判断题。由第三段的"Mooney detected a strong relationship between warmer waters...tanks in the lab and by listening to the shrimp in the ocean at various water temperatures"可知，Mooney通过实验室的水箱用鼓虾做实验，并听海洋中各种水温里的鼓虾发出的声音，发现了温暖的水域与震耳欲聋、更频繁的鼓虾声之间的密切关系，即他通过对比不同地点鼓虾发出的声音得出了结论，所以本题选D。
3. What might Mooney research next？
A. Applications of shrimp’s sound.
B. Impacts of the noise on other creatures.
C. Means of communication among fish.
D. Methods of preventing shrimp’s snapping.
解析 B 推理判断题。最后一段提到吵闹的鼓虾会如何干扰或有益于周围环境还有待观察。如果环境变得嘈杂，它有可能影响鱼类之间的交流，Mooney认为这是他们必须跟进的研究。还有一种可能性是，鼓虾发出的声音变大会干扰人类用来探测水雷的仪器。由此可推断，Mooney接下来可能会研究鼓虾发出的声音对其他生物的影响，故本题选B。
4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text？
A. Underwater World Is No Longer Quiet
B. Small Animals Make a Big Difference
C. Warming Oceans Are Getting Louder
D. Snapping Shrimp’s Noise Speaks Much
解析 C 标题归纳题。通读全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了随着气候变暖及海水温度升高，鼓虾发出的声音也日益增大，发出声音的频率也增加，这可能会影响其他海洋生物和人类。C项"变暖的海洋变得更吵闹"形象贴切地总结了文章内容，做本文的标题最佳。
B
[2023河南名校联考]Scientists have discovered what they believe is the world’s largest plant， an underwater field of sea grass that stretches for 112 miles off the west coast of Australia. This huge meadow（草地） has spread widely all through Shark Bay. The sea grass plant is believed to be around 4， 500 years old.
Many plants create new plants by growing flowers and spreading seeds. The DNA of the plants that grow from these seeds is slightly different from the DNA of the plants that the seeds came from. By comparing the DNA from their samples， the scientists hoped to get an idea of how many different sea grass plants there were in the meadow.
What they learned shocked them — all of the grass samples had almost exactly the same DNA. That meant that they were all just one plant， one big sea grass plant spreading out over 77 square miles. This makes it the largest known plant in the world by far.
So how has the Shark Bay sea grass grown so large？ Instead of spreading with flowers and seeds， it spreads by cloning（克隆） itself. As its roots spread out under the sea floor， new plants shoot up from those roots.
The sea grass in Shark Bay is also unusual in another way. It’s a "polyploid". Usually， an organism（有机体） has two parents， and gets half of its DNA from each. But polyploid organisms have all of the DNA from both parents， meaning they have twice as much DNA. The scientists think the extra DNA may make it easier for the sea grass to survive in difficult conditions.
The Shark Bay sea grass generally grows and spreads about 14 inches a year. Because of the history of Shark Bay and the rate of growth， the scientists believe that the plant is about 4， 500 years old.
本文是一篇说明文。科学家们发现了他们认为世界上最大的植物：澳大利亚西海岸绵延1.12英里的一片水下海草田。这片巨大的草地遍布鲨鱼湾。这种海草被认为大约有4500年的历史。
1.Why did the scientists compare the DNA of the sea plants？
A. To find ways to protect sea plants.
B. To discover the diversity of sea plants.
C. To identify the oldest plants in the sea.
D. To explore the unknown ocean resources.
解析 B 细节理解题。由第二段最后一句"By comparing the DNA from their samples， the scientists hoped to get an idea of how many different sea grass plants there were in the meadow"可知，科学家比较海洋植物的DNA是为了发现海洋植物的多样性，故选B。
2. What can we learn about the sea grass in Shark Bay？
A. Its DNA cannot be cloned.
B. It blooms and bears many seeds.
C. Its roots are a connected whole.
D. It is the fastest growing grass in the world.
解析 C 推理判断题。由第四段最后一句"As its roots spread out under the sea floor， new plants shoot up from those roots"可推知，鲨鱼湾的海草的根是一个相连的整体，故选C。
3. What is one of the advantages of polyploid organisms？
A. Gaining the ability to grow bigger.
B. Getting parts of the parents’ DNA.
C. Having an advantage over any other sea plant.
D. Being more adaptable to tough conditions.
解析 D 细节理解题。由第五段最后一句"The scientists think the extra DNA may make it easier for the sea grass to survive in difficult conditions"可知，多倍体生物的优点之一是更能适应恶劣的环境，故选D。
4. What is the main idea of this text？
A. Genetic changes in sea grass.
B. The ecological status of the sea floor.
C. Scientists found world’s largest plant.
D. New underwater grass is discovered.
解析 C 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，第一段第一句"Scientists have discovered what they believe is the world’s largest plant， an underwater field of sea grass that stretches for 1.12 miles off the west coast of Australia"为文章的主题句，下面内容是围绕该句展开的，由此可知，C项切题。
二、完形填空
For more than a century， fishermen in Laguna， Brazil， have caught fish with the help of bottlenose dolphins.
The dolphins push schools of fish in the 1 of the shore and then jump out of the water， 2 to the fishermen to rapidly cast out their nets. The fishermen make a large catch， and 3 ， the dolphins look around for the fish that have missed the fishing nets — a quick and easy meal！
This dolphin-human 4 is especially unique， because it is 5 to both humans and dolphins.
According to a study 6 with underwater sound recordings， dolphins occupied with this relationship with humans are 13％ more likely to 7 in the wild. This is because they stay near the shores of the ocean and are less likely to be 8 when fishing nets are thrown into the open ocean. In Laguna， fishing with fellow dolphins has become a（n） 9 in many families， though the dolphins are not 10 trained for this purpose. From their 11 ， fishermen pass on their knowledge to their children， teaching them to 12 with their partners through clicking noises and how to distinguish dolphin behaviors.
Interestingly， this is not the first time humans and other species of animals have 13 to hunt for food together. In Africa， the honeyguides， a small bird species that 14 on beeswax， use large noises and calls to communicate， leading humans to trees where bees’ nests are 15 .
Researchers hope that future generations will be able to carry on this special tradition.
本文主要介绍了巴西Laguna的渔民和海豚合作捕鱼的共生现象。
1. A. form B. center
C. direction D. position
解析 C 海豚把成群的鱼向海岸的方向（direction）驱赶，然后跳出水面，示意渔民们快速撒下他们的网，故选C。
2. A. reporting B. promising
C. answering D.signaling
解析 D 参见上题解析。signal示意，发出信号。
3.A. in return B. in balance
C. in brief D. in advance
解析 A 渔民们捕获了大量的鱼，作为回报（in return），海豚四处寻找漏网的鱼——一顿容易且快捷的饭。
4. A. interaction B. interruption
C. instruction D. education
解析 A 由第一段"For more than a century， fishermen in Laguna， Brazil， have caught fish with the help of bottlenose dolphins"以及第二段的具体描述可知，此处指的是海豚和人类的互助合作关系，故选A。
5. A. restricted B.beneficial
C. dangerous D. challenging
解析 B 这种海豚和人类的互助合作是独一无二的，因为这是对人类和海豚都有益的（beneficial）事情，故选B。restricted受限制的，dangerous危险的，challenging有挑战性的。
6. A. designed B.conducted
C. prepared D. observed
解析 B 根据一项用水下录音进行（conducted）的研究，忙于与人类互助的海豚在野外活下来的可能性增加了百分之十三，故选B。design设计，prepare 准备，observe观察。
7.A. survive B. develop
C. suffer D. exist
解析 A 参见上题解析。survive幸存。
8. A. doubted B. controlled
C. harmed D. shocked
解析 C 这是因为它们待在海岸附近，当渔网被扔进海洋里时被伤害（harmed）到的可能性更小，故选C。
9. A. fashion B. tradition
C. information D. impression
解析 B 由第一段"For more than a century， fishermen in Laguna， Brazil， have caught fish with the help of bottlenose dolphins"以及文章最后一句"Researchers hope that future generations will be able to carry on this special tradition"可知，这已经成了很多家庭的传统，故选B。
10. A. cautiously B. carefully
C. thoughtfully D.intentionally
解析 D 在Laguna，与海豚共同捕鱼已经成了很多家庭的传统，虽然这些海豚并不是为了这个目的而刻意（intentionally）训练的，故选D。 cautiously谨慎地，carefully认真地， thoughtfully考虑周全地。
11. A. movement B. schedule
C. experience D. imagination
解析 C 根据他们的经验（experience），渔民们把他们的知识传递给他们的孩子，教他们通过滴答声与他们的搭档交流并教他们如何区分海豚的行为，故选C。movement运动， schedule时间表， imagination想象。
12. A. connect B. contact
C. communicate D. mix
解析 C 参见上题解析。
13. A. approached B. competed
C. separated D. cooperated
解析 D 有趣的是，这并非人类与动物首次合作捕食，故选D。approach靠近，compete比赛， separate隔开。
14. A. feed B. work
C. operate D. look
解析 A 在非洲，响蜜鸟，一种以蜂蜡为食的小鸟，用大量的噪音和叫声来与人交流，带着人们找到有隐藏蜂巢的树。feed表示"以……为食"，符合语境。
15. A. exposed B.hidden
C. broken D. furnished
解析 B 参见上题解析。hide隐藏。
三、语法填空
[2023浙江温州三模]Inspired by the work of William Beebe，Dr.Sylvia Earle began her work as an oceanographer at an early age when she 1 （knock） off her feet by a wave. She was fascinated by the ocean and its creatures. Although she struggled 2 （balance）her studies and family， Earle earned her PhD from Duke University， becoming well-known in the marine science community. Early in her career and while she was four 3 （month） pregnant， Earle traveled 30.5m below the surface in a submersible. Her experience of 4 （live） in an underwater marine habitat earned her celebrity status in the scientific community.
With the experience， Earle developed an interest 5 deep-sea exploration， and in 1979 she broke 6 record for deep-sea diving at 381m below the surface in a special suit called the JIM Suit designed to withstand（承受） the 7 （press）. Earle decided to test the suit as part of her research on a book 8 （publish） by the National Geographic Society， and the diving techniques only scratched the surface of the ocean. Following this adventure， Earle started two companies 9 produced deep-sea exploration vehicles. The continued advancement in the technology of these vehicles has helped open up areas in the deep sea 10 （previous） unexplored.
本文主要讲述了美国深海探险家Sylvia Earle无畏艰险、探索海洋的事迹。
1.was knocked 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。由时间状语at an early age可知，此处是在陈述过去发生的事情，且主语she和knock之间是被动关系，故填was knocked。
2.to balance 考查非谓语动词。struggle to do sth.意为"艰难地做某事，努力做某事"，为固定用法，故填to balance。
3.months 考查名词的数。由空前的four可知，空处填months。
4.living 考查非谓语动词。所填词作介词of的宾语，表示一般情况和主谓关系，故用living。
5.in 考查介词。develop an interest in...为固定短语，意为"对……产生兴趣"，故填in。
6.the 考查冠词。此处表示特指，故填the。
7.pressure 考查名词。所填词作宾语，表示"压力"，故用不可数名词pressure。
8.published 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处应填非谓语动词。book和publish之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，且非谓语所表示动作已完成，再结合空后的by可知，此处应用过去分词published。
9.which/that 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词引导限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语，先行词为two companies，故填which/that。
10.previously 考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词修饰作定语的unexplored，故填副词previously。Unit 2 Iconic Attractions
一、阅读理解
A
[2023重庆巴蜀中学阶段练习]With one’s eyes closed， Beijing’s main roads sound like any Chinese city. All around is the roar of traffic， featuring recorded safety warnings from buses and the occasional bell of a rental-bicycle. But in the capital’s last hutongs， as its ancient grey-walled alleys are known， fragments of an older soundscape can be heard.
The song of caged crickets is one. Hung in the doorways of courtyard homes， the insects bring a rural note into the city. A quarter-century ago their song was common.
Another relic is the musical sound produced by steel plates， announcing a knife sharpener’s arrival. Several such specialists still work Beijing’s streets. Their sounding-plates attract customers from hutong homes and high-rise flats. But the numbers are falling.
An almost-vanished Beijing sound is one of the strangest. Like the noise of flying saucers in an old science-fiction film， it is made by pigeon whistles. Tiny flutes made from bamboo， these are sewn into the tail feathers of pigeons kept in rooftop cages. The birds are released twice a day to circle in the sky. Even 20 years ago， it was possible to hear this melodic noise in the hutongs.
Modern Beijing is a city in a hurry. Many hutongs have been torn down to make way for wide avenues and shiny skyscrapers， leaving no room for pigeon lofts（鸽舍）. Zhang Baotongis one of Beijinig’s last master pigeon-whistle makers. He is advising a museum of sound in Songzhuang， a suburb of Beijing that is popular with artists. A rooftop cage is planned， with more than 100 pigeons that will take to the skies for visitors.
The co-founder of the museum， Colin Siyuan Chinnery， is a British-Chinese artist and collector of Beijing’s sounds. He lists the rattles（拨浪鼓） and rhythmic cries used by fortune-tellers and medicine sellers， doctors， barbers and knife sharpeners. Many of these will be showcased in an exhibition about old Beijing narrated by an animation of Mr. Zhang. Other places had traders’ cries， but true Beijingers dismiss sellers elsewhere as mere loud shouters；Beijingers’ pride is one tradition that never fades， Mr. Chinnery says.
本文为说明文，主要介绍了老北京胡同的传统声音以及艺术家和工艺大师联手保护老北京的声音的情况。
1.Why does the author mention the song of caged crickets in paragraph 2？
A. To promote insect conservation.
B. To highlight urban development.
C. To explain the decline of hutongs.
D. To illustrate a typical hutong sound.
解析 D 推理判断题。由第一段最后一句话中的"fragments of an older soundscape can be heard"以及第二段开头"The song of caged crickets is one"可知，作者提到笼中蟋蟀的叫声是为了说明一个典型的胡同声音，故选D。
2.What can be heard both in hutongs and on streets？
A. Warnings from buses.
B. The song of caged crickets.
C. Noise of flying saucers.
D. Cries of knife sharpeners.
解析 D 细节理解题。由第三段中的"Another relic is the musical sound produced by steel plates， announcing a knife sharpener’s arrival. Several such specialists still work Beijing’s streets. Their sounding-plates attract customers from hutong homes and high-rise flats"可知在胡同和街道上都能听到的是磨刀师傅的叫喊声，故选D。
3.What has contributed to the decline of pigeon whistles？
A. The changing taste of artists.
B. The decreasing number of hutongs.
C. The rapid expansion of pigeon lofts.
D. The new method of road construction.
解析 B 细节理解题。由第五段中的"Modern Beijing is a city in a hurry. Many hutongs have been torn down to make way for wide avenues and shiny skyscrapers， leaving no room for pigeon lofts（鸽舍）"可知，胡同数量减少导致了鸽舍的减少，故选B。
4.What is the ultimate goal of the museum in Songzhuang？
A. To attract artists and craftsmen.
B. To rebuild rooftop cages for pigeons.
C. To preserve the sounds of old Beijing.
D. To display sounds from all walks of life.
解析 C 推理判断题。由最后一段中的"He lists the rattles（拨浪鼓） and rhythmic cries used by fortune-tellers and medicine sellers， doctors， barbers and knife sharpeners. Many of these will be showcased in an exhibition about old Beijing narrated by an animation of Mr. Zhang"可推知，艺术家们将即将消失的声音重新放回博物馆中，他们的最终目的是想要保护老北京的声音，故选C。
B
[中华文化/2024广东湛江开学质检]The Mogao Grottoes were a center of Buddhist life and some of the world’s great cultures for hundreds of years. However， by the late Qing Dynasty they had been abandoned and nearly forgotten and many of the caves had become damaged by the elements. Around 1900， with the discovery of a library of thousands of ancient documents， the caves received new interest from Chinese and foreign researchers. Unfortunately， this resulted in tens of thousands of items from the caves being taken to foreign museums.
In the 1940s， many researchers and artists visited the area to study traditional Chinese art. Copies of some of the artwork painted by respected artists such as Zhang Daqian and Guan Shanyue helped people all over the country learn about Dunhuang. These artists were also inspired by the artwork they saw in the caves and it began to influence their painting styles. Others stayed in the desert for much longer； Chang Shuhong stayed for the rest of his life — struggling to record the cultural treasures and protect them from the weather. As a result of their efforts the Dunhuang Academy was formed to protect and study the Mogao Grottoes.
In 1987， the Mogao Grottoes were named a UNESCO World Heritage Site. While the caves are open to the public， access is now limited in order to protect the artwork. However， the caves can be seen online in digital form so that people around the world can study and enjoy them.
Despite its remoteness， the Mogao Grottoes continue to draw visitors. And just as the sand and desert have survived largely unchanged through the centuries， this small art gallery in the desert has also survived largely unchanged providing an amazing look at a world long ago past.
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了莫高窟的情况。
1.When did the Mogao Grottoes regain the world’s attention？
A. Hundreds of years ago.
B. In the late Qing Dynasty.
C. In the late eighties of the 20th century.
D. Around the beginning of the 20th century.
解析 D 细节理解题。由第一段中的"Around 1900， with the discovery of a library of thousands of ancient documents， the caves received new interest from Chinese and foreign researchers"可知，本题选D。
2. What is the author’s purpose in mentioning the artists in the 1940s？
A. To learn about their works.
B. To show how hard they worked.
C. To compare their different styles.
D. To appreciate their contributions.
解析 D 推理判断题。由第二段中的"As a result of their efforts， the Dunhuang Academy was formed to protect and study the Mogao Grottoes"可推知，文章提及20世纪40年代的艺术家们是为了赞赏他们在传承莫高窟文化上的贡献，故选D。
3.When people have no access to visiting the caves， .
A. they can do research online
B. they can enjoy the digital versions
C. they can watch copies in art galleries
D. they can study them in foreign museums
解析 B 细节理解题。由第三段中的"While the caves are open to the public， access is now limited in order to protect the artwork. However， the caves can be seen online in digital form so that people around the world can study and enjoy them"可知，为了保护艺术品，现在莫高窟被限制进入，然而，人们可以在网上以数字形式看到、研究和欣赏它们，故选B。
4.Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text？
A. The Mogao Grottoes — Center of Buddhist Life
B. The Mogao Grottoes — Art Gallery in the Desert
C. Respected artists — Protectors of the Mogao Grottoes
D. An Amazing Tourist Attraction — the Mogao Grottoes
解析 B 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章在第一段讲述了莫高窟重新获得人们关注的原因；第二段提及20世纪40年代的艺术家们在传承莫高窟文化上所做的努力，赞赏了他们的贡献；第三段讲述莫高窟被列为世界文化遗产；第四段讲述了莫高窟的艺术价值。因而，本文主要介绍了沙漠中的艺术长廊——莫高窟。由此可知，选项B可以概括文章主旨，做文章的标题最佳。
二、完形填空
[2023福建师大附中期末]Ciudad Perdida， Colombia’s "Lost City"， is older than Machu Picchu. There are no trains or buses allowing of easy travels to reach its ruins. The remote place is only 1 on foot： a tiring multi-day hike.
Despite this， I couldn’t 2 the opportunity to visit Ciudad Perdida. 12 other hikers and I went there in 3 with a licensed guide. The dirt path， which 4 through towering palms and dangling vines（藤蔓）， proved 5 right from the start. It’s recommended that hikers have good general 6 ， as the journey is difficult. Horses helped to carry basic 7 like food to the cabins where we would sleep. Along the way we also met the natives.They have been left undisturbed for centuries and there’s a deep 8 between them and the land.
The next morning， we were off early to beat the heat， but high temperatures and muscle pain had already 9 by the time we reached the final stage — 1，200 stone steps to 10 . After finally lifting my 11 body up the long flight of stairs， my eyes rested on the scene that had 12 the backbreaking journey： Ciudad Perdida.
I looked down and 13 at the beautiful site below. While the return trip included 14 the mental hurdle（障碍） of having already accomplished our goal， the experience is the one I would do 15 . It is the difficulty that makes the journey a more rewarding one. Earned views are always better.
本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者讲述了自己徒步去游览哥伦比亚的"遗失之城"Ciudad Perdida的经历和感受。
1.A. impressive B. accessible
C. worthwhile D. dangerous
解析 B 这个偏僻的城市仅能步行到达：累人的多日徒步旅行。impressive给人印象深刻的， accessible可到达的，worthwhile值得的，dangerous危险的。B项符合语境。
2.A. resist B. obtain
C. promote D. find
解析 A 此处说的是作者无法抗拒这么一个好机会。couldn’t resist意为"无法抗拒"。
3.A. company B. combination
C. harmony D. communication
解析 A 我和另外12个徒步旅行者与一个有执照的导游一起去了那里。 in company with意为"与……一起，在……的陪同下"，符合语境。
4.A. buried B. spread
C. spun D.wound
解析 D 那条土路蜿蜒穿过（wound）高耸的棕榈树和悬挂的藤蔓，事实证明此路从一开始就具有挑战性（challenging）。
5.A. disappointing B. embarrassing
C. challenging D. amazing
解析 C 参见上题解析。disappointing令人失望的，embarrassing令人尴尬的，amazing令人吃惊的。
6.A. character B. research
C. independence D.fitness
解析 D 建议徒步旅行者有良好的身体素质，因为旅程是困难的。character性格，research 研究，independence独立，fitness健康。D项符合语境。
7.A. equipment B. furniture
C. possessions D.necessities
解析 D 由like food可知，所填词指基本的必需品（necessities），故选D项。equipment装备， furniture家具，possessions财产。
8.A. similarity B. distinction
C. bond D. belief
解析 C 这些本地人在这块土地上生活了好几个世纪了，因此他们和土地之间有着深厚的联系（bond），故选C项。
9.A. watched out B. cut off
C. set in D. gave in
解析 C 随着时间的流逝，旅行团在到达最后一段时，气温已经升高，而且在徒步中，徒步者的肌肉也开始（set in）酸痛，故选C项。watch out小心，cut off切断；give in屈服。
10. A. construct B. pick
C. cover D. explore
解析 C 第二天我们趁天还没热，很早就出发了，但当我们到达最后一段——要走1 200级石台阶时，高温和肌肉疼痛已经开始了。 cover行走（一段路程）。
11. A. energetic B. painful
C. unhealthy D. delicate
解析 B 在我终于把我疼痛的（painful）身体挪上长长的石阶后，我的目光停留在促使我辛苦跋涉的那一景色上：Ciudad Perdida。energetic精力充沛的，unhealthy不健康的， delicate易碎的。
12. A. convinced B. predicted
C. motivated D. simplified
解析 C convince使信服，predict预测，motivate激励，simplify简化。由"Despite this， I couldn’t resist the opportunity to visit Ciudad Perdida"可知，想看到Ciudad Perdida的景象激励作者开始了这段艰苦的旅程，故选C项。
13. A. aimed B. pointed
C. bent D. wondered
解析 D 我向下看，惊叹（wondered）于下面的美丽场景。
14. A. overcoming B. memorizing
C. observing D. fixing
解析 A 尽管返程包括要克服（overcoming）已经完成了我们的目标的心理障碍，但是这次经历是我愿意再次（again）体验的。memorize记忆，observe观察，fix修理。
15. A. otherwise B. again
C. though D. instead
解析 B 参见上题解析。otherwise否则，though然而，instead代替。
三、语法填空
Noted for its colorful culture and awesome 1 （beautiful）， Bali， an island in Indonesia， attracts a steady flow of visitors. A huge part of Bali’s appeal lies 2 the variety of experiences it offers and the states of mind it can lead to. It has something 3 （offer） to every type of traveller. There are so many amazing things in Bali that it can be hard to decide what to do first.
You won’t have seen Bali 4 you haven’t fully explored South Bali. This part of the island is home to busy beach destinations like Seminyak and Canggu， as 5 as quieter and more family-centered ones like Sanur. There 6 （be） no better area to discover Bali’s modernness than Seminyak and Canggu. The two areas are closely situated to one another，7 （match） each other perfectly. They are especially popular with digital nomads（游牧民） who 8 （draw） here by the relaxed lifestyle， and plenty of cool cafes， and co-working spaces.
Bali holds plenty of appeal 9 （simple） outside these main tourist areas. Unsung highlights of the island include diving under the coral reefs（珊瑚礁） off the northwest coastline and hunting down 10 （hide） waterfalls.
本文是说明文，文章介绍了以其无与伦比的美丽和丰富多彩的文化而著称的巴厘岛。
1.beauty 考查名词。空处所填词被awesome修饰，作介词for的宾语，因此填不可数名词beauty。
2.in 考查介词。巴厘岛的吸引力很大程度上在于它提供的各种体验和它可以促成的精神状态。lie in表示"在于"，是固定搭配。
3.to offer have sth. to do表示"有……要做"，不定式作定语，have对应的主语是不定式动作的执行者，不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。
4.if 考查状语从句。如果你没有对巴厘岛南部进行极致探索，那你就称不上见过巴厘岛。由语境可知，空处应填if（如果）。
5.well 考查短语连词。as well as连接并列的两个部分：busy beach destinations和quieter and more family-centered ones。as well as表示"和，也"。
6.is 考查时态和主谓一致。此处表示一般情况，应用一般现在时；谓语动词应与no better area在人称和数上保持一致，故填is。
7.matching 考查非谓语动词。这两个地方距离很近，相得益彰。句子已有谓语，空前没有连词，故此处应填非谓语动词。match与句子主语是逻辑上的主谓关系，且此处表示伴随状况，故用现在分词matching。
8.are drawn 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。此处描述现在的客观情况，应用一般现在时；draw（吸引）与主语是被动关系，且主语为复数，故填are drawn。
9.simply 考查副词。空处所填词在句中作状语，因此要使用副词simply。
10.hidden 考查形容词。所填词修饰名词waterfalls，故应用形容词hidden（隐藏的）。Unit 1 Science Fiction
一、阅读理解
A
[2023山西运城二模]On February 20， the science fiction magazine Clarkesworld was forced to stop accepting any new articles from writers after it was flooded with AI-written stories.
"By the time we closed on the 20th， we had received 500 human-written stories and 700 AI-written ones，" said editor-in-chief Neil Clarke. "It was increasing at such a speed that we figured that by the end of the month， we would have doubled the number of articles we normally have. The rate had been growing from previous months， and we were concerned that we had to do something to stop it."
Worries about AI misuse have frequently appeared in headlines recently， particularly since the launch of ChatGPT in November 2022， which can not only answer a broad range of questions， but also create original poems and stories.
Clarke said magazines like his， which pay contributors for their work，were being targeted by people trying to make quick money. He said he had already spoken to editors of other magazines and that all of them had agreed to stop accepting AI-written articles. He also admitted that the humor of his sci-fi magazine being targeted by AI robots is not lost on him.
"You know， our mascot（吉祥物） is a robot. So we see the irony，" he said. "But the thing is that science fiction is often intended to give a warning to people. We don’t celebrate technology just because it exists. We want to make sure that we’re using it right. And there are some significant legal and moral issues around this technology that we’re not ready to accept."
Clarke said the magazine didn’t know how to deal with the issue， and part of the motivation to speak out was in the hope of finding some solutions. He also said the quality of the AI-written stories was very poor.
本文是一篇新闻报道。享誉全球的科幻杂志Clarkesworld最近受AI作品的影响，不得不暂停接受新稿件。
1. What’s the matter with the magazine Clarkesworld？
A. It will close down forever.
B. It was targeted by AI writers.
C. It stopped paying contributors.
D. It has lost many good authors.
解析 B 细节理解题。由"On February 20， the science fiction magazine Clarkesworld was forced to stop accepting any new articles from writers after it was flooded with AI-written stories"可知，Clarkesworld是被AI写手逼得不得不暂停接受新稿件，故选B。
2. What can we infer about other magazines’ attitude to the AI-written stories？
A. Disapproving. B. Favorable.
C. Unknown. D. Tolerant.
解析 A 推理判断题。由第四段中的"He said he had already spoken to editors of other magazines and that all of them had agreed to stop accepting AI-written articles"可推知，其他杂志对AI生成的作品持否定态度，故选A。
3. What does Neil Clarke say about science fiction？
A. It often intends to find some solutions.
B. It welcomes the existing new technologies.
C. It will accept AI-written stories in the near future.
D. It often tries to warn of the dark side of technologies.
解析 D 细节理解题。由第五段中的"But the thing is that science fiction is often intended to give a warning to people. We don’t celebrate technology just because it exists. We want to make sure that we’re using it right. And there are some significant legal and moral issues around this technology that we’re not ready to accept"可知，Neil Clarke认为科幻作品经常试图提醒人们技术的黑暗面，故选D。
4. Where is this text most likely from？
A. A notice. B. A science fiction work.
C. A news report. D. A book review.
解析 C 推理判断题。文章第一段清楚地交代了时间、事件等信息，下文对事件进行了展开。再结合文章的写作风格和明显的时效性不难得知，本文应该是一篇新闻报道，故选C。
B
[2023广西柳州开学考] It’s the year 2140 and two kids ride their surfboards in the heart of Manhattan， near the point where Sixth Avenue meets Broadway. If you are familiar with this junction you will know it is far from the US’s current coastline. But in Kim Stanley Robinson’s novel NewYork2140， Manhattan is flooded after continuous climate change causes the sea level to rise by 15.25m.
Robinson’s 2017 climate fiction novel belongs to a new kind of novel， which tells "the story of the next century". It might be helping readers across the world comprehend the situation in which we currently find ourselves.
Climate change is an indescribable crisis to make sense of. Drop some poisonous chemicals in a river now and you will see dead fish within days， but what do you witness when you release carbon dioxide （CO2）？
"This is where fiction comes in： It brings the abstract data closer to home by focusing on the faces and stories in these futures. Show readers a detailed account of a climate-changed future，" says Robinson， and they have an easier time imagining it. "Science fiction gets people thinking in a way that another report on climate change doesn’t，" says Shelley Streeby， a professor of Literature and Ethnic Studies at UC San Diego. "It helps people feel not only about what might be coming， but also about the present. It is about taking certain conditions that exist nowadays， extending them into the future and throwing a bunch of characters into their midst."
In the search to adopt climate change as a topic， writers are doing what they do best： trying to tell a good story. Sometimes they write with a touch of optimism as they negotiate the current crisis. But even with this optimism， these writers want to make sure the world knows they， at least， are paying attention.
本文是一篇说明文。文章通过Robinson的小说《纽约2140》中的故事情节，介绍了气候小说这一新的小说类型，这一类小说从更加生动的角度向人们展示未来气候变化带来的问题，帮助人们理解气候变化。
1.What is the function of the first paragraph？
A. To give background on a story.
B. To promote the novel NewYork2140.
C. To lead to the topic of climate fiction.
D. To show the influence of climate change.
解析 C 推理判断题。通读第一段内容可知，本段主要描绘了Robinson的小说《纽约2140》中的故事情节，再结合第二段首句"Robinson’s 2017 climate fiction novel belongs to a new kind of novel， which tells ‘the story of the next century’"及下文对气候小说的描述可推知，作者主要借助《纽约2140》的故事情节引出气候小说这一话题，故选C项。
2.How does the author show the climate change crisis is "indescribable"？
A. By inferring. B.By comparing.
C. By analyzing. D. By imagining.
解析 B 推理判断题。由第三段"Climate change is an indescribable crisis to make sense of. Drop some poisonous chemicals in a river now and you will see dead fish within days， but what do you witness when you release carbon dioxide （CO2）？"可知，为了说明气候变化带来的危机是难以描述的，作者对比了释放有毒化学物质和释放二氧化碳的情况，前者的后果可见，而后者的后果不可见，故选B项。
3.What’s Streeby’s attitude toward science fiction？
A. Approving. B. Cautious.
C. Negative. D. Doubtful.
解析 A 推理判断题。由第四段中Shelley Streeby的话"Science fiction gets people thinking in a way that another report on climate change doesn’t"和"It helps people feel not only about what might be coming， but also about the present"可知，Streeby认为科幻小说让人们以另一种方式思考气候变化，让人们感知未来和当下。由此推知，Streeby对科幻小说是持赞成（approving）态度的，故选A项。
4.Which is the best title for the text？
A. Climate Crisis： No Longer a Forecast
B. The Future World： More Promising
C. NewYork2140： a New Type of Novel
D. Climate Fiction：a Reminder of Climate Change
解析 D 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，气候小说从更加生动的角度向人们展示未来气候变化带来的问题，从而帮助人们更好地理解气候变化的后果，引导人们更加关注当前的环境。因此，D项最适合做本文的标题。
C
This month， science fiction magazine Lightspeed changed its normal publishing schedule to bring readers a special issue： "Women Destroy Science Fiction！ "
It’s more than just a collection of stories entirely edited and written by women. It’s an exhibition of all the ways in which women are writing — and have written.
Many of the stories will be considered the best hard science fiction even by the pickiest critics（评论家）. For example， Tananarive Due’s LikeDaughter deals with what happens when humans have easy access to cloning. TheUnfathomableSisterhoodofIck by Charlie Jane Anders takes place in a future where changing brain chemistry is as common as taking vitamins now.
However， it is also true that the authors are more focused on the relations between people， or between people and society， or changing cultural and gender roles. There are stories that refuse to stay firmly within science fiction borders. For example， James Tiptree Jr.’s LoveIsthePlanandthePlanIsDeath is a mixture of horror， mystery and even love， something not commonly seen in science fiction.
So are women destroying science fiction？
If your idea of science fiction is limited to the concept formed by works like Isaac Asimov’s NightFall and Arthur Charles Clarke’s Childhood’sEnd， then many of the stories within these pages may well seem like devastation.
"But the stories we read and the stories we tell shape who we are，" Pat Murphy once said in a famous speech back in 1991. "They also shape the culture they’re born into. Thus， if women keep writing such kind of science fiction， and keep calling it science fiction， the room for science fiction will expand. They will exist nicely beside other kinds of science fiction."
I cannot agree more. Women have the right to create a space for themselves within science fiction， one filled with their dreams， experiences and realities.
文章主要探讨了女性写的感性十足的科幻小说能否被称为科幻小说。
1.What is special about the latest edition of Lightspeed？
A. All the stories are written by female novelists.
B. It is a collection of the published love stories.
C. It has been well received by most of the critics.
D. Every story in it belongs to hard science fiction.
解析 A 细节理解题。由第二段中的"It’s more than just a collection of stories entirely edited and written by women"可知，本题选A项。
2.Which of the following can be considered non-science-fiction in a strict sense？
A. LikeDaughter.
B. TheUnfathomableSisterhoodofIck.
C. Childhood’sEnd.
D. LoveIsthePlanandthePlanIsDeath.
解析 D 细节理解题。由第四段中的"There are stories that refuse to stay firmly within science fiction borders. For example， James Tiptree Jr.’s LoveIsthePlanandthePlanIsDeath is a mixture of horror， mystery and even love， something not commonly seen in science fiction"可知，从严格意义上讲，LoveIsthePlan and thePlanIsDeath不能算科幻小说，故选D项。
3.What does the underlined word "devastation" in paragraph 6 mean？
A. Destruction. B. Progress.
C. Contribution. D. Reward.
解析 A 词义猜测题。由第五段"So are women destroying science fiction？ "和第六段"If your idea of science fiction is limited to the concept formed by works like Isaac Asimov’s NightFall and Arthur Charles Clarke’s Childhood’sEnd， then many of the stories within these pages may well seem like devastation"可推知，画线词在意义上与destroying对应，故选A项。
4.What did Pat Murphy mean in his speech？
A. Science fiction is an important part of our life.
B. Women are unsuitable to write science fiction.
C. The definition of science fiction should be expanded.
D. Science fiction should focus mainly on future technologies.
解析 C 推理判断题。由第七段中的"Thus， if women keep writing such kind of science fiction， and keep calling it science fiction， the room for science fiction will expand. They will exist nicely beside other kinds of science fiction"可推断，Pat Murphy 认为存在的就是合理的。我们应该拓展科幻小说的定义，接纳感性味较重的作品，故选C项。
二、语法填空
[2023四川广安一诊]The Japanese branch of the Chinese Literature Readers’ Club was established at the China Cultural Center in Tokyo 1 September 2022.
The event had Chinese sci-fi writers Wang Jinkang， Bao Shu， and Qi Yue， alongside Japanese sci-fi writer Taiyo Fujii and Nozomi Oomori， the Japanese 2 （translate） of Liu Cixin’sTheThree-BodyProblem， as guest speakers to talk about their sci-fi creations 3 the development trend of sci-fi.
Shi Yongjing， cultural counselor（参赞） at the Chinese embassy in Japan， said that "both China and Japan have a long history of translating each 4 （other） cultural works". The club will provide a new platform for Japanese readers 5 （learn） about contemporary China， she said.
During the event，6 ran for more than two hours， three Chinese writers shared stories about how they became sci-fi writers. 7 （start） from Chinese writer Lao She’s CatCountry， Japanese guest speakers talked about their 8 （joy） experiences of reading Chinese science fiction. For them， Chinese sci-fi literature 9 （develop） quickly in the last 10 years， and works like TheThree-BodyProblem have attracted many Japanese readers.
In recent years， on average， China has 10 （annual） published more than 500 sci-fi novels. In 2023， Chengdu in Southwest China’s Sichuan Province hosted the 81st World Science Fiction Convention.
本文介绍的是中国文学读者俱乐部日本分会在东京中国文化中心成立的情况，在会上三位受邀的中国作家分享了中国科幻小说的发展情况。
1.in 考查介词。表示具体的月份的时候，通常用介词in。
2.translator 考查名词。所填词作Nozomi Oomori的同位语，意为"翻译家，译员"，故用单数名词translator。
3.and 考查连词。分析句子结构可知，所填词连接两个并列的名词性短语，表示"和"，故填并列连词and。
4.other’s 考查代词的格。each other’s意为"彼此的"。
5.to learn 考查非谓语动词。此处应用不定式的一般主动式表示目的和主动关系，故填to learn。
6.which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，所填词引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词为the event，故填which。
7.Starting 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词。start与Japanese guest speakers为主谓关系，且此处表示伴随状况，故用现在分词Starting。
8.joyful 考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，所填词作定语，意为"快乐的"，故填joyful。
9.has developed 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，所填词充当谓语。由时间状语 in the last 10 years可知，此处用现在完成时，且Chinese sci-fi literature与develop之间为主谓关系，故填has developed。
10.annually 考查副词。分析句子结构可知，所填词作状语，修饰谓语动词has published，故用副词annually。
