Unit 5 Poems
一、阅读理解
A
In my Ancient to Medieval Literature class， my students celebrate and are walking on air when they get to the last book of the term， because it’s not a poetry book but the first prose（散文） reading. But it’s not just my students who don’t enjoy poetry — few adults find themselves desiring an evening with it. Most people complain that poetry is too difficult to understand or not accessible enough. But I think it’s deeper than that.
Nowadays， we have become so caught up in the shallow bustle（喧闹） of the world， senseless in our shortsightedness， self-satisfied with our success and proud of our productivity. Our days are filled with "busy" because being busy is easy. To do ten things in five hours is easy； to do one thing for five hours is difficult. We become unable to occupy ourselves with listening to a bird’s morning song or spend an hour staying alone in deep and free thought. We have lost the miner’s skills in digging. We’ve just contented ourselves in shallow waters.
Many people think there’s no payoff in reading poetry. It just doesn’t fit into the fast-paced， shallow， productivity-driven culture. Reading poetry does take work， but the work is rewarding： as one wrestles with a poem — reading it aloud， reading it silently， reading it over and over again — the meaning and beauty surface from it with clarity. Once we explore the depths of poetry， we’ll realize it has reached our own soul. And as we learn this practice in reading poetry， we learn this practice in reading life.
As a child we learned to crawl（爬）， then walk， and then run. And we never stop running. But perhaps， if we take a break from being "productive" and look up from our plans， we might see the warm sunshine and hear birds singing as described in poems. Poetry makes a man himself again when he flashes a smile because of these beautiful scenes.
文章分析了人们不爱读诗的原因，并建议人们给忙碌的生活按下暂停键，体会生活的美好。
【词语积累】 shallow adj.肤浅的，浅薄的；浅的，不深的
senseless adj.不明智的，无意义的
rewarding adj.值得做的，有益的
【熟词生义】 1.wrestle常用义：v.摔跤 文中义：v.奋力对付，努力处理，全力解决
2.surface常用义：n.表面 文中义：v.重新出现，显露，被披露
1. How do the students feel about the prose reading？
A. Surprised. B. Unsatisfied.
C. Excited. D. Disappointed.
解析 C 细节理解题。由第一段中的"my students celebrate and are walking on air ... prose（散文） reading"和"it’s not just my students who don’t enjoy poetry"可知，学生们应是很兴奋的，故选C。
2.What are people nowadays like in the author’s eyes？
A. They are proud of their shortsightedness.
B. They suffer terribly from the busy lifestyle.
C. They are separated from the surroundings.
D. They lose the ability to think deeply about things.
解析 D 推理判断题。由第二段中的"To do ten things in five hours is easy ... shallow waters"可知，在五个小时内做十件事容易，而花五个小时做一件事却是困难的。我们变得无法专注于听鸟儿的晨鸣，也无法花一个小时独自深入而自由地思考。我们失去了矿工挖掘的技能，只是在浅水区自我满足。由此可知，作者觉得人们失去了深入思考的能力。
3. What can be inferred about poetry and life from paragraph 3？
A. It takes hard work to truly understand life.
B. Life is improved by the existence of poetry.
C. Learning poetry is a practice of self-reflection.
D. Reading poetry begins with a desire for a reward.
解析 A 推理判断题。由第三段中的"reading it aloud， reading it silently， reading it over and over again...we learn this practice in reading life"可知，大声读、默读、反复读之后才能理解一首诗的真正含义，即"书读百遍，其义自见"。我们若掌握了读诗的方法，自然也就掌握了读懂人生的方法。由此可知，人生和诗一样，需要花费工夫才能理解其真谛，故选A。
4. What message is conveyed in the last paragraph？
A. Reading poetry is actually a gradual process.
B. A positive attitude to life brings good fortune.
C. People should stop to enjoy the beauty of life.
D. Productivity is less important than a good plan.
解析 C 推理判断题。由最后一段中的"As a child we learned to crawl（爬）... hear birds singing as described in poems"可知，人自出生以后就不停地前行。或许人们应给忙碌的生活按下暂停键，享受诗中描述的阳光和鸟鸣。由此可推知，作者认为人们应该停下来享受生活之美，故选C。
B
[2023广东高三模拟]Indeed loneliness is now widely recognized as a major public health problem. What is perhaps less obvious is one answer to the problem： the healing power of poetry to make us feel more connected to others.
Here things get personal. I first got involved in how poetry can support our emotional well-being after I wrote a memoir，BlackRainbow：HoneWordsHealedMe—MyJourneyThroughDepression， in 2014 about how poetry helped me through two serious periods of depression. Since then， I’ve been running Healing Words poetry sessions for mental health charities and prisons， and have discovered first-hand the lovely feeling of companionship which poetry can bring.
Poetry lets us connect with other people who have experienced similar emotions. We’re not alone in our despair or delight. When we have a poem by our side， whether tucked into a bag or on a bedside table， it feels like we’re being accompanied by a friend： An authorial arm is wrapped around our shoulders.
I remember one woman who started to cry as she read Derek Walcott’s poem LoveAfterLove during a workshop held at my local hospital in West London. Fighting through tears， she eventually said， "I feel understood." Everyone in the room knew exactly what she meant.
She had， in Walcott’s phrase， struggled to "love again the stranger who was yourself". The poet’s invitation to "Sit. Feast on your life" was the comfort she needed， in a language which spoke to her， to imagine loving herself in a way she had always found hard. Poetry had worked its magic， unlocking a feeling of inner connection， and in turn a connection to all of us sitting in the workshop.
Given my own experience， I think having a poem to keep us company can help us all feel a greater sense of belonging.
本文是说明文。文章作者通过讲述自己的经历阐述了诗歌可以治疗孤独，提高我们的情感健康。
1.What does the author suggest doing to fight against loneliness？
A. Researching the problem.
B. Appreciating poetry.
C. Strengthening dignity.
D. Connecting with others.
解析 B 推理判断题。由第一段"Indeed loneliness is now widely recognized as a major public health problem. What is perhaps less obvious is one answer to the problem： the healing power of poetry to make us feel more connected to others"可知，作者认为诗歌使人们感觉与他人的联系更密切，是治愈孤独的一个解决办法。由此推知，作者建议通过欣赏诗歌对抗孤独，故选B。
2.How does having a poem at hand make you feel according to the author？
A. Socially accepted. B. Literarily knowledgeable.
C. Financially admired. D. Emotionally comfortable.
解析 A 推理判断题。由第二段中的"Since then， I’ve been running Healing Words poetry sessions for mental health charities and prisons， and have discovered first-hand the lovely feeling of companionship which poetry can bring"和第三段"Poetry lets us connect with other people who have experienced similar emotions. We’re not alone in our despair or delight. When we have a poem by our side， whether tucked into a bag or on a bedside table， it feels like we’re being accompanied by a friend： An authorial arm is wrapped around our shoulders"可推知，作者亲身体会到诗歌所能带来的友爱之情，手头有一首诗歌，就像是有一个朋友陪伴着自己，让我们感觉被社会所接受，故选A。
3.Why did the woman start to cry in the workshop？
A. Because the poem touched her soul.
B. Because she was forced to read the poem.
C. Because she struggled to understand others.
D. Because she failed to work out the poem’s magic.
解析 A 细节理解题。由第四段"I remember one woman who started to cry as she read Derek Walcott’s poem LoveAfterLove during a workshop held at my local hospital in West London. Fighting through tears， she eventually said，‘I feel understood.’ Everyone in the room knew exactly what she meant"可知，这位女士在读诗歌的时候哭了起来是因为她感觉被别人理解。由此可知，这首诗触动了她的心灵，让她感动，故选A。
4.What does the author mainly want to tell us？
A. The healing power of poems cures illnesses.
B. Reading can make us feel independent of others.
C. Poetry can improve our emotional well-being.
D. Connection leads to a great sense of belonging.
解析 C 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章作者通过自己的经历讲述了诗歌如何治愈孤独，提高情感健康，故选C。
二、七选五
[中国文化/2023河南郑州二测]"Looking up， I find the moon bright； Bowing， in homesickness I’m drowned." When Ifeoma Gladys from Nigeria， first read the line from Li Bai’s ThoughtsonaTranquilNight， the girl felt the poet’s experiences and emotions（情感）. "I can’t help but feel homesick，" said Gladys， who is studying Chinese language and literature at Southwest University.
From then on， the Nigerian girl fell in love with ancient Chinese poetry. 1 For example， in Li Bai’s poem HardIstheWayoftheWorld， Gladys felt the ambition and faith of the poet. While reading Cao Cao’s AShort-SongBallad， she learned that life is short and that we should let go of the difficulties we couldn’t overcome and value the present.
2 In her eyes， it is how it can travel over the mountains and spread from the ancient past to the present without changing its original intention， keeping its truth and emotional weight.
"This is what many popular novels and online articles are unable to do，" said the Nigerian girl. 3 For example， Li Bai wrote， "Heaven has made us talents； we’re not made in vain. A thousand gold coins spent， more will turn up again." About 1，000 years later， Goethe， a German poet， would say something quite similar — 4
"Behind the beautiful poems， I discovered the wisdom of the Chinese people， the charm of Chinese culture， and the worldwide basis of Chinese culture as well，" said Gladys.
Now， the girl hopes to become a professional translator. 5
A. She learned Chinese culture and wisdom through it.
B. What is the most attractive part of ancient Chinese poetry？
C. She gradually found foreign poems are different to Chinese poems.
D. How can ancient Chinese poetry attract so many people around the world？
E. The person born with a talent is meant to use it and will find great happiness.
F. She wants to promote Chinese culture and connect China with the whole world.
G. But she’s more surprised at how the cultural quality of Chinese poetry can reach audiences worldwide.
在西南大学学习中国语言与文化的尼日利亚女孩Ifeoma Gladys爱上了中国古诗，并从中发现了中国人的智慧和中国文化的魅力。她希望推广中国文化，促进中国与世界的联系。
1.A "For example， in Li Bai’s poem...Gladys felt the ambition and faith of the poet...she learned that...and value the present"是针对A项而举的例子。
2.B 空后的内容是B项所提问题的答案。
3.G 空后的例子是针对G项而举的。
4.E E项与中国古代诗人李白的诗句"天生我材必有用，千金散尽还复来"相吻合。
5.F "Now， the girl hopes to become a professional translator"与F项（她想要推广中国文化并将中国与整个世界联系起来）相吻合。
三、完形填空
[2024云南大理统一检测改编]Long ago， poems were recited loud instead of being written down. Back when the Greeks first started the Olympics， they held poetry 1 as well as athletic competitions.
Now， poetry competitions have been revived. This year 120，000 high school students competed in the first Poetry Out Loud national recitation competition， 2 poems from memory for $100，000 in prize money.
The first competitions were held in classrooms. The winners went on to school-wide contests， and then they competed in city and state competitions. 3 ， the 50 state champions along with the 4 of the District of Columbia came to Washington D.C. last week for the last showdown. After the 51 champions competed 5 one another， 12 went on to the 6 . Then the field was narrowed to five. The final five had one last chance to "perform" a poem. The overall champ， Jackson Hille， a high school senior from Ohio， 7 a $20，000 scholarship. The National Endowment for the Arts and the Poetry Foundation 8 Poetry Out Loud， because they realized that hearing a poem performed is a different experience from 9 it on a page.
It’s not just a matter of saying the words in the right order. It’s the tone of 10 ， the pauses， the gestures and the attitude of the person performing that bring the 11 to life. "Each time we hear somebody recite a poem， we understand again what we found 12 and interesting about it，" said National Public Radio Broadcaster Scott Simon， master of ceremonies for the finals. Hearing it in a new voice offers something new to the listeners.
Not only do the people hearing poems have a（n） 13 experience， but 14 and presenting poems helps the participants understand those poems in a new way. Another 15 of a competition such as Poetry Out Loud is that the participants learn public speaking skills that can help them.
文章主要讲述了美国的高中沿袭了以往希腊人的做法，发起了诗歌朗诵比赛。12万名高中生参加了首届"大声朗诵诗歌"全国朗诵比赛，他们凭记忆朗诵表演诗歌，奖金为10万美元。朗诵诗歌不仅让朗诵者以全新的方式更深刻地理解诗歌的内涵，也让听者有了新的体验。
1.A. connections B.contests
C. contacts D. compositions
解析 B 由下文中的"as well as athletic competitions"可知，本题选B，contests与competitions对应。
2.A. performing B. hearing
C. admiring D. comprehending
解析 A 由下文中的"one last chance to ‘perform’a poem"可知，本题选A项。
3.A. However B. Besides
C. Finally D. Therefore
解析 C 最后（Finally），50个州优胜者和哥伦比亚特区的优胜者上周来到华盛顿进行最后的对决。
4.A. poet B. performer
C. student D.champion
解析 D 由下文的"the 51 champions"可知，本题选D项。
5.A. against B. for
C. in D. at
解析 A 51名优胜者互相竞争后，12名进入决赛。compete against...为固定短语，意为"对抗……，与……竞争"。
6.A. finals B. competitions
C. activities D. ceremonies
解析 A 参见上题解析。final决赛。
7.A. awarded B.won
C. rewarded D. achieved
解析 B 总冠军是来自俄亥俄州的高中生杰克逊·希尔，他赢得（won）了2万美元的奖学金。
8.A. set off B.set up
C. put off D. put out
解析 B 美国国家艺术基金会和诗歌基金会设立（set up）了"大声朗诵诗歌"，因为他们意识到，听别人朗诵诗歌和在纸上读诗歌是不同的体验。
9.A. acquiring B. finding
C. hearing D. reading
解析 D 参见上题解析。read阅读。
10.A. drama B. rhyme
C. voice D. poetry
解析 C 此处应是指读诗时的语调。the tone of voice意为"语调"，故选C项。
11.A. literature B. history
C. art D. words
解析 D 结合"It’s not just a matter of saying the words in the right order"可知，本题选D项。
12.A. fresh B. innocent
C. amusing D. confusing
解析 A 每次我们听他人朗诵诗歌，我们便再次理解一下之前发现的诗中比较新鲜（fresh）和有趣的地方。
13.A. wonderful B. pleasant
C. unforgettable D.new
解析 D 听诗的人不仅有一种新的（new）体验，而且记忆（memorizing）和呈现诗歌有助于参与者以一种新的方式理解这些诗歌。
14.A. learning B. writing
C. memorizing D. selecting
解析 C 参见上题解析。
15.A. feature B.benefit
C. satisfaction D. option
解析 B "the participants learn public speaking skills that can help them"是参加诗歌朗诵比赛的另一个好处，故选B项。Unit 4 Adversity and Courage
一、阅读理解
A
[2024福建福州一测]Jill Wheatley was a PE teacher in Germany. On the weekend she competed in marathons around Europe. But life threw her a near deadly blow. While teaching a PE class， she was hit on the head with a baseball. The impact was so great that it left her with a brain injury and 70 percent vision loss， permanently blinding her in one eye. She spent 26 months in seven different hospitals， at times wishing it would just all end.
Desperately， Wheatley set out to find comfort and healing（治疗） in nature. She travelled to Nepal where a friend convinced her to run in the Annapurna 100 with him. The power from that race changed her life and eventually had her look up at the tops of the mountains. Project Vision 8000 was born. And she began her mission to stand on the top of the world’s 14 highest mountains， towering 8，000 meters above sea level， to show herself and others the power of the choice and possibility.
Colors and touch help guide her on the mountain and she has never once felt too tired to carry on. "The only constant thing is change， so when the weather gets really bad or a storm is coming in， I know it is going to pass." So far， she’s had few problems standing among giants， but she admits she continues to struggle with overcoming the "mountains of her mind". Having already stared death in the face， Wheatley has great respect for the mountains and the mission she is on. But she’s not scared. The experience almost claimed her life， but it is now the driving force and fuel behind her success. At every icy peak， she smiles and takes a quick video with a breathless "So very thankful" whispered into the thin air.
本文主要讲述了德国的一名体育教师Wheatley在经历一次意外事故打击之后，重塑积极人生态度的故事。
【词语积累】 compete v.参加比赛 deadly adj.致命的
impact n.影响 permanently adv.永久地
set out to do sth.开始做某事 constant adj.不变的，固定的
claim v.夺走，夺去（生命）
【熟词生义】 tower 常用义：n.塔楼，塔 文中义：v.高耸，屹立
1. What happened to Wheatley according to paragraph 1？
A. She came last in a race.
B. She suffered a head injury.
C. She lost her sight completely.
D. She was attacked on purpose in a class.
解析 B 细节理解题。由第一段的"While teaching a PE class， she was hit on the head with a baseball...blinding her in one eye"可知，本题选B项。
2.What drove Wheatley to launch Project Vision 8000？
A. Her exploration of nature.
B. Her friend’s timely suggestions.
C. Her strong love for sports.
D. Her participation in the Annapurna 100.
解析 D 细节理解题。由第二段的"She travelled to Nepal where a friend convinced her...Project Vision 8000 was born"可知，她到尼泊尔旅行，在那里一个朋友说服她与他一起参加Annapurna 100比赛，来自比赛的力量改变了她的生活，最终让她屹立在群山之巅眺望，这促使了Wheatley创立Project Vision 8000，故选D项。
3.What can we learn about Wheatley from the last paragraph？
A. Her attitude toward adversity was reshaped.
B. She was used to poor weather conditions.
C. She ignored the mountains of her mind.
D. Her nature helped her overcome fear.
解析 A 推理判断题。由第三段中的"The only constant thing...going to pass"， "Having already stared death...she’s not scared"和"but it is now the driving force and fuel behind her success"可推知，Wheatley对待逆境的态度已经发生了改变，故选A项。
4. What could be the best title for the text？
A. Every peak is within reach
B. Lose sight to gain vision
C. Actions speak louder than words
D. Nature will take its course
解析 B 标题归纳题。B项指明了Wheatley的不幸遭遇，同时也指明了其在不幸遭遇后的收获，适合做文章标题。
B
[2024广东东莞10月月考]A song called LonelyWarrior（《孤勇者》）is always ringing in my ears. Six years ago， after hosting an annual ceremony for my school， I found that my left leg was a little swollen， and very soon I could barely walk. In fact， the swollen part became a fist-sized meatball that was so painful that I could barely sleep. Of course， I went to a local hospital， where I was given very bleak（不乐观的）news — osteosarcoma， which means bone cancer.
I underwent chemotherapy（化疗） for the next two years， and it was the worst time of my life. Physically， I felt that the side effects of chemotherapy were killing me. I lost all of the hair on my body and became totally bald. I could barely eat anything， even if I felt hungry. I no longer needed an alarm clock to wake up in the morning. Instead， what woke me up was my body telling me that I needed to vomit（呕吐）.
I had no idea where all this treatment would leave me， and the dreams I had once nursed（怀有） about the future were entirely wiped out. I wanted to feel the world and experience more， so I stuck to the course of treatment. As time went by， however， I became weaker and weaker. The side effects now were far worse than they had been earlier.
I eventually suggested that the leg be chopped off， and the doctor said that might be the best thing to do， as long as I could cope with the psychological and social pressures afterward. I made my decision very calmly， because I knew things could not be worse than they were at that moment， and I was determined that this was just one more battle I would win.
Now， six years later， I have weathered all these difficulties. I have been so lucky to be able to find the strength to deal with all of this， and what I have to tell anyone still struggling with difficulties is this： Have faith in yourself， and do not let bad moments drag you down. Just hang on and you will come through.
本文主要讲述了作者与骨癌作斗争的经历。随着病情的恶化，作者决定顶住心理压力和社会压力，让医生截掉了一条腿。6年过去了，作者经受住了所有的磨难。最后作者鼓励仍在与困难作斗争的人要对自己有信心。
1.What can we learn about the side effects of chemotherapy？
A. They made the author suffer a lot.
B. They destroyed the author’s faith.
C. They were relieved after treatment.
D. They were more obvious in the daytime.
解析 A 细节理解题。由第二段的描述可知，化疗使作者痛苦不堪，作者的头发掉光了，他几乎吃不进任何东西，夜间睡眠也受到了很大影响。由此可知，化疗的副作用让作者受了很大的苦，故A项正确。
2.What was the author’s decision to deal with his condition？
A. Chopping off his leg.
B. Turning down the doctor’s advice.
C. Giving in to the cancer.
D. Seeking psychological assistance.
解析 A 细节理解题。由第四段首句"I eventually suggested that the leg be chopped off"可知，A项正确。
3.What does the underlined word "weathered" in the last paragraph mean？
A. Resisted. B. Survived.
C. Escaped. D. Produced.
解析 B 词义猜测题。由第五段中的"I have been so lucky to be able to find the strength to deal with all of this"可知，作者克服了所有困难。由此可推知，画线词所在句表达的应是六年后作者最终战胜了所有困难。综上可知，B项正确。
4.What does the author want to convey in the text？
A. A light heart lives long.
B. A good medicine tastes bitter.
C. Time works wonders.
D. One with faith braves any hardship.
解析 D 推理判断题。由最后一段中的"what I have to tell anyone still struggling with difficulties is this： Have faith in yourself， and do not let bad moments drag you down. Just hang on and you will come through"可推知，作者在本文中想传达的是有信心的人可以经受住任何困难，故D项正确。
二、完形填空
[2023湖北省新高考信息卷二]A craftsman living with a disability who makes clay figurines（泥雕） has recently made netizens amazed across the country.
In 2003， Mi Zhou lost his hands in an accident. Unwilling to 1 to fate， he gradually learned to eat and get dressed in the year that followed the unexpected 2 . After seeing a craftsman making figurines on the street， Mi was attracted to the craft and without 3 decided to learn from him. "The craftsman said he couldn’t 4 me when he saw that I had no fingers. I 5 and finally wore him down，" Mi said.
The learning process was 6 . In the beginning he could only make two roses in an afternoon. And his arms were often painful after the practice. However， because of his 7 for the craft and his eagerness to earn a living， he never thought about 8 .
Mi has been making these clay figurines for 15 years. It now 9 him only several minutes to make a figurine. After 10 clay into a ball with his elbows， Mi holds the ball between his arms to put it on a stick， and then adds smaller parts and 11 to the ball.
Mi is not only able to make a living by making clay figurines as he had hoped， but he feels 12 about what he does. He doesn’t set prices for his figurines. Instead of asking people to give a certain amount of money for the products， he allows them to 13 as they like. In this way， each figurine is sold at about 20 yuan on average， which is cheaper compared to 14 products sold elsewhere.
Mi’s story tells us that we may have 15 no control over what happens to us， but we can control how we respond. If we choose the right attitude， we can rise above whatever challenges we face.
米周在2003年的一次意外中失去了双手。有一次在街上看到一位泥雕艺人做泥雕，他一下就喜欢上了这门手艺，并决心拜师学艺。现如今，米周可以用自己的手艺养活自己，他也过得非常开心。
1. A. bow B. turn
C. smile D. agree
解析 A 由下文中的"he gradually learned to eat and get dressed"可知，米周不愿意向命运低头（bow）。
2. A. visit B. matter
C. operation D. accident
解析 D 此处表示米周在意想不到的事故（accident）发生之后的那一年，逐渐学习吃饭和穿衣服。
3. A. success B.delay
C. argument D. permission
解析 B 此处说的是"米周马上（without delay）决定向他学习"。
4. A. cheat B. motivate
C. instruct D. advocate
解析 C 那位手艺人看到米周没手指后便说他没有办法教（instruct）米周，故选C项。
5. A. promised B. accepted
C. insisted D. apologized
解析 C 在米周的一再坚持（insisted）下，米周终于让手艺人同意教他了。
6. A. smooth B. pleasant
C. violent D.challenging
解析 D 由下文中的"In the beginning he could only make two roses in an afternoon"和段落中的描述可以推测，学习过程很有挑战性（challenging）。
7. A. approval B. curiosity
C. performance D.enthusiasm
解析 D 由上文中的"Mi was attracted to the craft and without delay decided to learn from him"可以看出，米周对这门技艺有热情（enthusiasm）。approval赞成，同意；curiosity好奇心；performance表演，表现。
8. A. holding up B. giving up
C. pulling up D. looking up
解析 B 由语境可知，米周对这门技艺有热情，又渴望通过这门手艺谋生，因此，他从来没有想过放弃（giving up）。hold up举起，耽搁，支撑；pull up（使车）停下；look up查阅，好转。
9.A. takes B. wastes
C. spares D. requires
解析 A 由上文中的"Mi has been making these clay figurines for 15 years"可以推测，他现在已经很熟练了，只需花（takes）几分钟就可以做出一个泥雕。
10. A. dividing B. shaping
C. cutting D. sticking
解析 B 结合语境和常识可知，米周需要首先把泥揉成球的形状。此处shape作动词，意为"使成为……形状（或样子）"。
11. A. brands B. price lists
C. instructions D. decorations
解析 D 由常识可知，把泥揉成球状之后，米周会把泥球放到棍上，然后再把较小的部分和装饰（decorations）加上去。
12. A. free B. joyful
C. curious D. particular
解析 B 由上文可知，米周对泥雕有热情，且能靠泥雕谋生，他应该会感到很快乐（joyful）。
13. A. pick B.pay
C. catch D. collect
解析 B 由语境可知，他没有设置固定的价格，所以顾客可以按自己的意愿去付款（pay）。
14.A. similar B. familiar
C. standard D. traditional
解析 A 由常识可知，此处对米周做的泥雕和别的地方的相似（similar）产品的价格进行了比较。
15. A. merely B. calmly
C. absolutely D. reasonably
解析 C 此处说的是"或许我们完全无法控制发生在我们身上的事情，但是我们可以控制我们如何回应"。absolutely与no连用表示"绝对不，完全没有"。
三、语法填空
[2024陕西榆林第一次月考]Backlight 226 is a rare bookstore in Shanghai， as in this bookstore visually impaired people offer books to those with visual impairments. Located in the city’s leafy Nanchang Street， the store has been a fixture in the area since 2022， providing much-needed reading materials to 1 blind community.
"People may only know about Helen Keller， but there are famous blind Chinese 2 （writer） as well，" said Han Ying， manager of Backlight 226， referring to the American author and activist 3 lost her sight and hearing at an early age.
Han partially lost her vision after an accident and 4 （become） completely blind five years later. She said she had to give up 5 （teach） calligraphy， and the way she read was also affected.
Now， aged 43， she relies 6 special apps designed for the visually impaired and spends most of her time at the bookstore. There， she promotes reading among visually impaired people and the bookstore 7 （equip） with facilities that allow the visually impaired 8 （read） more comfortably.
"Backlight 226 is a start，" Han said. "There will 9 （definite） be more like it across the country so that we can make the public know more about the special groups and 10 （they） world."
本文是一篇说明文。"逆光226"是上海一家残疾人友好书店，视障人群可以在此感受阅读的快乐。店长韩颖是一位后天失明者，她鼓舞身处逆境的人向光而行。
1.the 考查冠词。此处应该用定冠词the表示特指。
2.writers 考查名词的数。由前边的there are可知，此处用所给名词的复数形式writers。
3.who/that 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，所填词引导限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词是the American author and activist，故此处用关系代词who或者that。
4.became 考查动词的时态。此处陈述的是过去的情况，且become为系动词，故填became。
5.teaching 考查非谓语动词。give up doing sth.意为"放弃做某事"，为固定用法。
6.on/upon 考查介词。rely on/upon sth.意为"依靠某物"，为固定搭配，故填on或者upon。
7.is equipped/has been equipped 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。结合she promotes reading可知，此处可用一般现在时，且动词equip与the bookstore是动宾关系，故填is equipped。而且此处也可用现在完成时表动作已完成。综上可知，空格处填is equipped或者has been equipped。
8.to read 考查非谓语动词。allow sb. to do sth.意为"允许某人做某事"，为固定用法，故填to read。
9.definitely 考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词修饰动词，故应用副词，所以填definitely。
10.their 考查代词。此处应该用形容词性物主代词their作定语。Unit 3 Environmental Protection
一、阅读理解
A
[生态环保/2023江西南昌一模]A new study suggests that pollution of all kinds kills nearly 9 million people worldwide each year. Air pollution from industrial processes and the expansion of cities accounted for about 75％ of the deaths， researchers found. The study was based on examinations of worldwide death rates and pollution levels.
The study separated traditional pollutants from modern pollutants. Examples of traditional pollutants are indoor smoke or waste water. Modern pollutants include air pollution from vehicles or industrial activities and poisonous chemicals. The researchers found that deaths from traditional pollutants are dropping worldwide. But they remain a major problem in Africa and some other developing countries. In some countries， state programs to cut indoor air pollution and improvements in sanitation（卫生设备） have helped reduce death rates. In Ethiopia and Nigeria， for example， such efforts cut deaths by two-thirds between 2000 and 2019， the study found.
Modern kinds of pollution are rising in most countries， especially developing ones， the researchers said. Deaths caused by modern pollutants — heavy metals， agricultural chemicals and carbon emissions — are "skyrocketing"， said study co-writer Rachael Kupka. She heads the New York-based Global Alliance on Health and Pollution. Kupka said deaths linked to modern pollutants had risen by 66％ since 2000.
"Nine million deaths are a lot of deaths，" Philip Landrigan told the Associated Press about the study’s results. He is director of the Global Public Health Program and Global Pollution Observatory at Boston College in Massachusetts. "The bad news is that it’s not decreasing，" Landrigan added."We’re making gains in the easy stuff， and we’re seeing the more difficult stuff — outdoor industrial air pollution and chemical pollution — still going up."
The study makes several suggestions for ways to cut the number of deaths. These include creating better recording and reporting methods and stronger government policies to reduce pollution linked to industrial activities and vehicle emissions.
"We absolutely know how to solve pollution problems，" said study co-author Richard Fuller. "What’s missing is political will."
本文主要讲述了一项新的研究，该研究发现每年死于环境污染的人数众多，且现代化污染还在加剧。文章还提到了研究人员的一些相关看法和提议。
【词语积累】 expansion n.扩张，扩展，扩大，膨胀
account for（数量、比例上）占 poisonous adj.有毒的
1.What can be learned from the study about pollution？
A. Air pollution killed 9 million people last year.
B. Cutting indoor air pollution is the best policy.
C. Traditional pollution is very serious in Nigeria.
D. Traditional pollutants cause less death than before.
解析 D 细节理解题。由第二段中的"The researchers found that deaths from traditional pollutants are dropping worldwide"可知，世界范围内传统污染物造成的死亡人数在下降，换句话说，就是比以前少了，故D项正确。
2. What does the underlined word "skyrocketing" in paragraph 3 probably mean？
A. Improving. B. Increasing.
C. Reducing. D. Worsening.
解析 B 词义猜测题。由画线词后的"deaths linked to modern pollutants had risen 66％ since 2000"可知，现代化污染物造成的死亡人数在上升，故B项与画线词在意思上最为接近。
3. What can be inferred from Philip Landrigan’s words？
A. It is easy to fight modern pollution.
B. Outdoor air pollution is decreasing.
C. Modern pollution still concerns people.
D. It is hard to tell the reasons for pollution.
解析 C 推理判断题。由第四段中Philip Landrigan所说的话可知，900万的死亡人数是一个很大的数字，且还存在更麻烦的事物——户外工业空气污染和化学污染还在增加。由第二段第三句话可知，两者均为现代化污染，所以此处是说现代化污染还在加剧。据此可以推断，Philip Landrigan认为现代化污染仍在困扰着人们，故C项正确。
4. What might be talked about in the paragraph that follows？
A. Methods to reduce pollution.
B. The government’s response to pollution.
C. Suggestions for industrial activities.
D. The damage caused by vehicle emissions.
解析 B 推理判断题。由最后一段中的"What’s missing is political will"和行文逻辑可以推断，最后一段既然提到了现在还缺乏政治意愿，那么接下来应该会讲到政策（政府）方面对污染的回应，故B项正确。
B
[2024安徽六校开学测试]This 3-mile stretch of sand and tide pools beneath a fortress of 80-foot bluffs is a California tourism poster if there ever was one. Nothing disturbs the perfect， sunny view， except — once you notice them — microplastic particles. But you have to look close — on-your-hands-and-knees close — to see one. And once you do， you see another and another — so many that you may not think of this， or any beach， in the same way again. These tiny preproduction plastic balls that manufacturers melt down to form everything have been escaping factories， container ships， trains， trucks and public notice for decades.
The 2-to 3-millimeter multicolored balls are a subset（子集） of microplastic particles less than 5 millimeters in size. Microplastic particles accumulate where water takes them， and they’ve been found on shorelines of every continent.
Mark McReynolds is an environmental scientist who’s now joined a global movement studying their trail into the environment. Establishing a baseline count of the presence of microplastic particles — and， more broadly， any microplastics — is the focus of Dr McReynolds’ scientific study here. Charting the count and noting tide， current and weather conditions will show if amounts are increasing， and perhaps at what rate and why. That knowledge， he says， can inform solutions to plastic pollution such as regulation of their use.
"What are you doing？ Picking up trash？" asks a steady stream of beach walkers whenever Dr McReynolds’ crew walks onto the beach and sets up equipment. These are teachable moments for Dr McReynolds.
One recent morning he told some beach walkers how microplastic particles are believed to absorb toxic chemicals， and — because they resemble fish eggs — are eaten by fish and birds and enter the food chain. Almost right on time， a seagull hopped up to a plastic-coated photo of microplastic particles and hungrily pecked（啄食） at it.
Will his work help save the world？ Dr McReynolds waves a finger at that idea， "I won’t ever use that word —I won’t save the world from this pollution problem. Protect it， yes. We want to take care of it."
微塑料颗粒因为体积小，很久以来一直被人类忽视，但其实它们对地球生物有着极其可怕的影响。为了更好地保护地球，环境科学家McReynolds以及他的团队正在进行一项研究。
【词语积累】 particle n.颗粒 melt down熔化
accumulate v.堆积，积聚，积累 establish v.确定，建立
resemble v.看起来像
【熟词生义】 1.escape 常用义：v. 逃跑 文中义：v. 被忽视
2.chart 常用义：n. 图表 文中义：v. 记录，跟踪
1. What can we know about microplastic particles from paragraph 1？
A. They are too small to be seen.
B. They are products of plastic balls.
C. They have been ignored for long.
D. They can be made into almost nothing.
解析 C 细节理解题。由第一段中的"These tiny preproduction plastic balls...have been escaping...public notice for decades"可知，本题选C项。
2. What does Dr McReynolds focus on in his study？
A. Classifying plastic particles into subsets.
B. Finding solutions to plastic pollution.
C. Charting the tides and currents of oceans.
D. Getting to know the basic amounts of microplastics.
解析 D 细节理解题。由第三段的"Establishing a baseline count...Dr McReynolds’ scientific study here"可知，本题选D项。
3. What does a seagull’s pecking at the picture prove？
A. The interesting teachable moments.
B. The harmful effect of microplastic particles.
C. The spread of poisonous chemicals.
D. The beauty of the photo of microplastic particles.
解析 B 推理判断题。由倒数第二段的"how microplastic particles are believed...hungrily pecked（啄食） at it"可知，微塑料颗粒会吸收有毒的化学物质，且因为它们看上去像鱼卵，它们会被鱼类和鸟类吃掉，从而进入食物链。结合以上信息不难推知，海鸥的举动正好说明了微塑料颗粒的危害，故选B项。
4. What does Dr McReynolds expect of his work？
A. To inspire the public.
B. To test solutions.
C. To preserve the earth.
D. To save the world.
解析 C 细节理解题。由最后一段的"I won’t save the world from this pollution problem. Protect it， yes. We want to take care of it"可知，本题选C项。
二、完形填空
[2024福建福州一测]The amount and scale（规模） of environmental issues may seem too much for ordinary people. But with hard work and determination， anyone can 1 great things.
One such person is Yin Yuzhen. At a young age， Yin moved to Inner Mongolia to live with her husband in the desert. She felt 2 . To cheer herself up and improve the 3 environment， Yin began planting trees to take 4 back from the desert. "I would rather die of 5 from fighting the sand than be buried by it！" she said. The couple had to travel on foot， doing 6 by hand. At first， many trees did not survive， 7 over the years， she learnt from her 8 ，discovering the best plants and methods to use to successfully plant a 9 in the desert. Over more than three decades， they have planted over 300，000 trees. It has been said of Yin： "She is a symbol of courage， patience， and 10 . Her work in greening the desert deserves universal 11 ."
It is without any doubt 12 to see a clear example of how the problem of desertification can be dealt with. 13 may seem small and insignificant， yet over time they 14 together to become great achievements. A journey of 1，000 miles begins with a single step and the will to 15 . Take your first step. Plant your first tree.
殷玉珍年轻的时候前往内蒙古和丈夫在沙漠生活，为了振奋精神、改善艰苦环境，她和丈夫开始种树。虽然刚开始树的成活率不高，但他们逐渐取得了成功。30多年来，他们总共种了30多万棵树。
1. A. turn B. store
C. achieve D. promise
解析 C 结合下文讲述的事迹和常识可知，此处说的是"只要努力、有决心，任何人都可以实现（achieve）伟大的事业"，故选C项。
2. A. lonely B. nervous
C. free D. well
解析 A 由空前的"At a young age， Yin moved to Inner Mongolia to live with her husband in the desert"和常识可知，一个年轻姑娘孤身前往内蒙古和丈夫在沙漠生活，应该会感到孤独（lonely）。
3. A. friendly B. changing
C. quiet D.tough
解析 D 由常识和殷玉珍夫妇种树的举动可知，殷玉珍想改变沙漠里艰苦的（tough）环境。
4. A. air B. land
C. food D. energy
解析 B 由常识可知，在沙漠里种树是为了从沙漠那里夺回土地（land）。
5. A. sickness B. emptiness
C. tiredness D. sadness
解析 C 殷玉珍宁可种树累死（die of tiredness）也不愿被沙土掩埋。
6.A. everything B. something
C. nothing D. anything
解析 A 殷玉珍夫妇出行靠走，一切事情（everything）都要靠手去做。
7. A. or B. and
C. so D. but
解析 D 所填词表示转折关系，故用but。
8.A. failure B. feelings
C. determination D. dreams
解析 A 殷玉珍从失败（failure）中吸取了经验。
9. A. garden B.forest
C. seed D. crop
解析 B 由"they have planted over 300，000 trees"可知，她用最好的植物和方法成功地在沙漠里种出了一片森林（forest）。
10. A. fortune B. honesty
C. harmony D. perseverance
解析 D 结合殷玉珍所做的事可知，本题选D，perseverance表示"毅力，不屈不挠的精神"。fortune命运，机会；honesty诚实，正直；harmony融洽，和睦。
11. A. organization B. truth
C. respect D. method
解析 C 由常识可知，30多年来靠双手在沙漠中种出一片森林是值得大家尊重（respect）的。
12. A. interesting B. challenging
C. relaxing D. inspiring
解析 D 由上文中讲到的殷玉珍种树的故事可以看出，这样的努力是很激励人心的（inspiring）。interesting有趣的；challenging有挑战性的；relaxing令人放松的，轻松的。
13. A.Actions B. Choices
C. Promises D. Events
解析 A 行动（Actions）可能看起来微不足道，无关紧要，但随着时间的推移，它们结合（join）在一起，那就是伟大的成就。
14. A. stand B.join
C. get D. put
解析 B 参见上题解析。
15. A. argue B. survive
C. continue D. believe
解析 C 此处指的是"继续（continue）下去的意志"。
三、语法填空
[生态环保/]In Guatemala， environmental workers have set up a steel net 1 a dirty river to try to trap plastics and other pollutants. The two ends of the net 2 （fix） on the two sides of the river. The Ocean Cleanup， a non-profit group 3 （base） in the Netherlands， is leading the effort on the Las Vacas River in Guatemala City. The environmental group uses the 4 （equip） specially made to catch and remove pollutants from the water，5 aim is to stop the flow of plastics and other pollution before they enter the ocean.
The 6 （rain） season in Guatemala begins in May and lasts for several months. Levels of pollution in the river are relatively 7 （high） during the rains. And The Ocean Cleanup is sparing no effort 8 （block） much of the pollution. The net has caught so many pollutants that one part of it looks bent. The next step in 9 process is to clear the pollutants from the net. The environmentalists 10 （test） to find the best way to set up and use the barrier at the moment. "We will continue to evaluate variables（变量） such as net height， net size， and foundation security during this pilot period in Guatemala，" the group said.
在危地马拉，环保工作者利用钢丝网截留河流中的污染物。
1.across 考查介词。由下文中的"The two ends of the net...two sides of the river"可知，此处应填across（从……的一边到另一边）。
2.are fixed 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。此处描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时；fix与主语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；主语是复数，谓语动词也应用复数，故填are fixed。
3.based 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处填非谓语动词。base在此为及物动词，意为"把（总部等）设在"，与a non-profit group是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填based。
4.equipment 考查名词。由空前的"uses the"可知，此处应用不可数名词equipment。
5.whose 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，所填词引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作定语，表示所属关系，故填whose。
6.rainy 考查形容词。空处应用形容词作定语，故填rainy。the rainy season表示"雨季"。
7.higher 考查形容词的比较级。此处暗含两个时期的比较（雨季与非雨季相比），应用比较级，故填higher。
8.to block 考查非谓语动词。spare no effort to do sth.为固定搭配，故填to block。
9.the 考查冠词。此处特指拦截并清理水中的污染物整个过程，故填定冠词the。
10.are testing 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。此处表示当前正在进行的主动动作，且主语表示复数意义，故填are testing。Unit 2 Healthy Lifestyle
一、阅读理解
A
[健康意识/2023甘肃兰州一诊]Ministers will offer rewards such as clothes vouchers（票券） and discounted theme park tickets in return for exercising and eating healthily， under plans to solve Britain’s obesity crisis.
The anti-obesity project， which uses an app to help people make changes to their diet and physical activity， will launch next year， initially in a pilot（试验性的） project. Participants will wear Fitbit-style devices that can generate personalized health recommendations， such as increasing their step count， eating more fruit and vegetables and reducing portion（分量） size. Those increasing their exercise by taking part in organized events such as parkruns or walking to school or work may accumulate extra points in the app. The app could also be used to monitor supermarket spending， rewarding those who cut their calorie intake and buy healthier options. Participants will collect points for their healthy behaviors， which will unlock rewards that could include gym passes， clothes or food vouchers and discounts for shops， cinema or theme park tickets.
After a competitive tender（投标） process，HeadUp has been chosen to deliver the project， with 3 million pounds coming from the Department of Health and Social Care to provide incentives in the pilot. Evidence suggests financial incentives can improve rates of physical activity and inspire healthier eating. HeadUp will work with a range of organizations to provide rewards such as vouchers， discounts and gift cards.
Sajid Javid， the health secretary， said： "This new pilot will pave the way for developing innovative ways to improve the lives of individuals， and also help to reduce stress on the National Health Service. This pilot is an excellent opportunity to find how best to inspire people to make small changes to their daily lives that will have a lasting positive impact on their health."
为了解决英国社会的肥胖危机，英国政府推出了反肥胖运动。
1.What’s the purpose of introducing the anti-obesity project？
A. To protect people’s health.
B. To help people save money.
C. To encourage research in education.
D. To find a cure for obesity-related illnesses.
解析 A 细节理解题。由第一段"Ministers will offer...plans to solve Britain’s obesity crisis"和第二段中的"uses an app to help people make changes to their diet and physical activity"可以看出，反肥胖运动是为了解决英国社会的肥胖危机，保障人民身体健康，故A项正确。
2. What can we know from the second paragraph？
A. The project has been proven to be very successful.
B. Participants will unlock the rewards by using the app.
C. Participants will be rewarded if they live a healthy lifestyle.
D. Participants will lose weight when they wear Fitbit-style devices.
解析 C 细节理解题。由第二段中的"rewarding those who cut their calorie intake and buy healthier options. Participants will collect points for their healthy behaviors， which will unlock rewards...tickets"可知，如果参与者减少卡路里摄入、购买更健康的食品，也就是有一个健康的生活方式，他们就可以获得各种形式的奖励和积分，故C项正确。
3.What does the underlined word "incentives" in Paragraph 3 probably mean？
A. Data. B. Suggestions.
C. Rewards. D. Products.
解析 C 词义猜测题。由画线词前面的"with 3 million pounds coming from the Department of Health and Social Care"和第二段的内容可知，卫生与社会保障部会投资300万英镑来奖励那些采用健康生活方式的参与者，因此画线词incentives应表示"奖励，鼓励"，故C项与画线词在意义上最为接近。
4. What’s Sajid Javid’s attitude towards the anti-obesity project？
A. Negative. B.Positive.
C. Indifferent. D. Not clear.
解析 B 态度推断题。由最后一段中Sajid Javid所说的话"This new pilot will pave the way for developing innovative ways to improve the lives...help to reduce stress...This pilot is an excellent opportunity...positive impact on their health"可以看出，Sajid Javid对反肥胖运动持积极的态度，故B项正确。
B
[2024贵州贵阳摸底]One recent report found that adults in the US check their phones， on average， 344 times a day — once every four minutes — and spend almost three hours a day on their devices in total. The problem for many of us is that one quick phone-related task leads to a quick check of our email or social media feeds， and suddenly we’ve been trapped into endless scrolling（刷屏）.
What we do know is that the simple distraction of checking a phone or seeing a notification（通知） can have negative consequences. This isn’t very surprising； we know that， in general， multitasking harms memory and performance. One of the most dangerous examples is phone use while driving. One study found that merely speaking on the phone， not texting， was enough to make drivers slower to react on the road. It’s true for everyday tasks， too. Simply hearing a notification "ding" made participants of another study perform far worse on a task — almost as badly as participants who were speaking or texting on the phone during the task.
In one recent study， for example， researchers asked participants to either put their phones next to them so they were visible （like on a desk）， nearby and out of sight （like in a bag or pocket）， or in another room. Participants then completed a series of tasks to test their abilities to process and remember information， their problem-solving， and their focus.
They were found to perform far better when their phones were in another room instead of nearby — whether visible， powered on or not. That held true even though most of the participants claimed not to be consciously thinking about their devices.
Our brains may be subconsciously hard at work on preventing the desire from checking our phones， or constantly monitoring the environment to see if we should check our phone （eg. waiting for a notification）. Either way， this distracted attention can make doing anything else more difficult. The only "fix"， the researchers found， was putting the device in a different room entirely.
手机会让人们分心，而这不免会引发负面后果。究其原因，多任务处理会损害人们的注意力和表现。
【词语积累】 device n.装置，设备
multitasking n.多任务处理
visible adj.可见的，看得见的 process v.处理，加工
claim v.声称，宣称 constantly adv.重复不断地，一直，始终
entirely adv.完全地，彻底地
1.What did the recent report in Paragraph 1 find？
A. Multitasking is very dangerous.
B. The notification is always heard.
C. People are addicted to mobile phones.
D. People like doing phone-related tasks.
解析 C 细节理解题。由第一段的"One recent report found that adults in the US check their phones...on their devices in total"可知，最近的一份报告发现，美国成年人平均每天查看手机344次——每4分钟一次——每天总共花在手机上的时间接近3个小时。再结合第一段的"suddenly we’ve been trapped into endless scrolling（刷屏）"可知，人们会突然陷入无止境的刷屏中。因此该报告发现人们对手机上瘾，故选C项。
2. How is the text developed？
A. By making comparisons.
B. By examining differences.
C. By following the order of importance.
D. By analyzing causes and giving examples.
解析 D 写作手法题。第二段的"What we do know is that the simple distraction...multitasking harms memory and performance"道明了手机让人分心产生负面后果的原因；再由第二段的"One of the most dangerous examples is phone use while driving"以及第三段的"In one recent study， for example， researchers asked participants to either put their phones next to them...in another room"可知，作者用例子来说明手机让人分心的危害和避免手机干扰的方法。综上可知，文章通过分析原因和举例来展开论述，故本题选D。
3. What should you do to prevent the desire for checking phones？
A. Do anything more difficult.
B. Use phones to do right things.
C. Monitor the environment around.
D. Stay away from phones entirely.
解析 D 细节理解题。由最后一段末句"The only ‘fix’， the researchers found， was putting the device in a different room entirely"可知，研究人员发现只有完全把手机放在另一个房间才能阻止人们看手机的欲望，故选D。
4. What would be the best title for the text？
A. How Do We Avoid the Distraction of Phones？
B. Why Are People Fond of Using Mobile Phones？
C. What Should We Do When Buying Mobile Phones？
D. How Do We Do Research by Using Mobile Phones？
解析 A 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章第一段介绍人们手机上瘾的现象；第二段讨论手机让人分心产生负面后果的原因；第三、第四段介绍一个研究，该研究发现参与者的手机在另一个房间时他们表现更好；第五段指出解决手机干扰的方法。故A项（我们如何避免手机的干扰？）最适合做本文的标题。
二、七选五
[2024安徽六校入学素质测试]Getting Your Kids to Have an Appetite for Sport
Being active and moving is so important a thing for all of us， especially for children. 1 Some parents feel upset when they see their child doesn’t show interest in sport. So how can you encourage them to have a go？
It is such a good idea to lead by example as a parent. This is true for a variety of aspects， especially when children are unwilling to get involved in sport. 2 So you need to be someone who is interested and active， if you want any hope of them doing so too. If you lie on the couch all day then they will just learn to do that too.
3 While they can choose who they want to support， seeing your enthusiasm for a particular player or team can be just what is needed to start their journey. You can look for a team uniform store to get them a sport shirt with their name on， for example， as well as watch the team play one of their games. 4
If something is dull， it will be hard for children to be enthusiastic about it. This will make them turn their backs on it， which is not a good thing for later life. If they show particular skill and learn to play sport， then more practice and training can come in. 5 When they can enjoy what they do， they will only see it as something fun to do， rather than what we as adults might see it as， such as a chore to burn calories.
Whatever sport your children choose to play， encourage them and make it fun， and then it will be something that they will want to carry on doing as they go about the rest of their lives.
A. They won’t be interested in sport if you’re not.
B. Share your enthusiasm and it will help to fuel a passion.
C. Here are some other tips that you would share with them.
D. So think about ways that can get them to be active in the sport.
E. How active a child is will impact his overall health and learning.
F. Apart from leading by example， you could also share your favorite team.
G. However， the main message of involving children in sport is to keep it fun.
本文为说明文，主要介绍了让孩子参与运动的几点建议。
1.E "Being active...especially for children"与E项之间为递进关系，E项从更具体的方面说明了活跃程度对孩子的影响。
2.A A项与"So you need to be someone who is interested and active"之间为因果关系。
3.F F项放在此处可充当段落主题句。
4.B B项中的share your enthusiasm与段落中的seeing your enthusiasm相照应。
5.G G项与"When they can enjoy what they do， they will only see it as something fun to do"相吻合。
三、完形填空
[2023宁夏银川二诊改编]People may misunderstand what they used to be familiar with. I remember a 1 professor， invited to our school to teach stress management principles in the school hall filled with students.
As she 2 a glass of water， each of us expected we’d be asked the 3 "glass half empty or glass half full" question. Instead， with a smile on her face， the professor asked， "How 4 is this glass of water I’m holding？"
All of us shouted out answers ranging from 8 ounces to a couple of pounds.
She then replied， "From my point of view， the absolute weight of this glass doesn’t matter. It all 5 how long I hold it. If I hold it for a minute or two， it’s rather light. If I hold it for an hour straight， its weight might make my arm 6 a bit. If I hold it for a day straight， my arm will likely cramp up and feel 7 numb and paralyzed， forcing me to drop the glass to the floor. In each case mentioned above， the 8 of the glass doesn’t change， but the longer I hold it， the heavier it feels to me."
As the whole class 9 our heads in agreement， she continued， "Your 10 and worries in life are very much like this glass of water. Think about them for a little while and 11 happens. Think about them a bit longer and you begin to suffer a little. Think about them all day long， and you will feel specially numb and paralyzed — 12 of doing anything else until you drop them."
It’s important to remember to 13 your stresses and worries. Whatever happens during the day， as early in the evening as you can， put all your burdens down. Don’t 14 them through the night and into the next day with you. If you still feel the weight of yesterday’s stress， it’s a strong sign that it’s time to put the 15 down.
一位心理学教授利用举一杯水的时间长短所引发的感受教会学生要适时放下压力和焦虑。
1. A. physics B. chemistry
C. literature D.psychology
解析 D 由下文中的"to teach stress management principles"可知，这是位心理学教授，故选D。
2. A. lent B. raised
C. drank D. pointed
解析 B 由第四段的内容可知，这里是指教授举起（raised）一杯水问学生问题，故选B。
3. A. interesting B. meaningful
C. typical D. personal
解析 C 结合常识和选项可知，学生们以为教授会问老生常谈的"半杯水还是一杯水的问题"。 interesting有趣的，meaningful有意义的，typical典型的，personal私人的。C项符合语境。
4.A. heavy B. thin
C. clean D. large
解析 A 由第四段中的"the absolute weight of this glass doesn’t matter"可知，教授没有问老生常谈的"半杯水还是一杯水的问题"，而是问了这杯水的重量，故选A。
5. A. occurs to B. contributes to
C. agrees on D. depends on
解析 D 由"the longer I hold it， the heavier it feels to me"可知，教授认为，这杯水的重量取决于它被举起的时间长短。occur to被……想到，出现在……头脑中；contribute to向……捐献，促成，向……投稿，有助于；agree on就……取得一致意见；depend on取决于。D项符合语境。
6.A. ache B. break
C. injure D. bend
解析 A 结合常识可知，如果举一小时水杯的话教授的胳膊可能会有点儿疼，故选A。
7. A. slightly B. surprisingly
C. completely D. regularly
解析 C 如果举一天水杯的话，教授的胳膊可能会痛得痉挛，完全失去知觉，不能活动。slightly稍微，surprisingly令人吃惊地，completely完全地，regularly定期地。C项符合语境。
8. A. shape B. appearance
C. weight D. size
解析 C 结合上文的描述和常识可知，教授认为水杯的重量没有发生变化，故选C。
9. A. shook B. nodded
C. hung D. lifted
解析 B 由下文的"in agreement"可知，全体同学一致点头赞同，故选B。
10. A. joys B.stresses
C. laughs D. thrills
解析 B 生活中的压力和焦虑就像这杯水，选B。
11. A. everything B. something
C. anything D. nothing
解析 D 由常识可知，考虑一会儿生活中的压力和焦虑不会有什么不适，故选D。
12.A. incapable B. unable
C. ashamed D. shameful
解析 A 由上文描述的"考虑一会儿生活中的压力和焦虑不会有什么不适"和常识可知，考虑时间长了你会感到麻木，就不能做其他事了。（be） incapable of doing sth.没能力做某事。
13. A. let go of B. bear in mind
C. look back on D. take part in
解析 A 此处说的是"释放压力"，故选A， let go of表示"释放"。
14.A. carry B. forget
C. enjoy D. avoid
解析 A 作者建议不要带着压力和焦虑过夜，故选A。
15. A. ability B. glass
C. duty D. attempt
解析 B 此处作者用教授的那杯水代指"压力和焦虑"，故选B。Unit 1 Art
一、阅读理解
A
[2023重庆名校一测]In 1665， Johannes Vermeer put the last drop of paint onto a canvas and completed his masterpiece GirlwithaPearlEarring. But years later on an April day a cyclist named Janine Strong stopped her bike， paused her fitness app， and watched as the snaking line of her cycling route drew the shape of Vermeer’s masterpiece over the streets.
Ms. Strong creates what has come to be known as "GPS art". It is an art category， which means you go outside with your handheld Global Positioning System （GPS） and start moving. The GPS records your movement by creating the dot type of track. This track is a line that details the path you’ve travelled. When you look at this line on the map， then you can see various shapes. Ms. Strong plans her rides in the shapes of stars， birds， lions and the occasional Vermeer. Then to complete the digital vision of Vermeer’s masterpiece， she biked almost 50 miles around southern Brooklyn to make sure each turn and circle was accurately achieving the covering of Vermeer’s original.
This kind of art form has grown with the widespread availability of satellite tracking for use by ordinary people in fitness apps. It is particularly popular in the app， Strava， and experienced a surge in use during the pandemic. According to a report， more than three billion activities have been uploaded to Strava since the beginning of 2020.
The "GPS art" can be considered the 21st-century version of large-scale drawings on the landscape， a concept gradually known to the world. It even has its own Guinness World Records categories. There was once a couple who completed a 4，500-mile bike ride across Europe that resulted in a 600-mile-wide GPS drawing of a bicycle — the largest such drawing on record.
本文介绍了GPS艺术的起源以及发展。GPS艺术通过创建圆点类型的轨迹详细记录骑行者所走的路线。这种艺术形式随着卫星跟踪的广泛普及而发展起来，并且逐渐为世人所知。
1.What is "GPS art" based on paragraph 2？
A. It is a system established by Janine Strong.
B. It is a line recording the path you travelled.
C. It is an art form realized by GPS tracking.
D. It is an app creating pictures.
解析 C 细节理解题。由第二段中的"It is an art category...The GPS records your movement by creating the dot type of track"可知，GPS艺术是一个艺术类别，通过创建圆点类型的轨迹来记录你的运动，这与选项C相符。
2.How did Janine Strong finish her digital vision of Vermeer’s masterpiece？
A. By painting casually on her canvas.
B. By accidentally using her fitness app.
C. By occasionally running around Brooklyn.
D. By carefully planning and cycling around.
解析 D 细节理解题。由第二段中的"Ms. Strong plans her rides...circle was accurately achieving the covering of Vermeer’s original"可知，Ms. Strong是通过认真设计并骑行完成的，故选D。
3.What does the underlined phrase "a surge" probably mean in paragraph 3？
A. A sudden rise.
B. A great success.
C. A sharp reduction.
D. A severe downturn.
解析 A 词义猜测题。本段中的"grown"和"popular"是解题的关键。由前面的内容可知，这种"GPS艺术"形式随着卫星跟踪的广泛普及而发展起来，普通人可以在健身应用程序中使用，它在应用程序Strava中特别受欢迎。由此可知，画线词应含有"增加"的意思，故选A。
4.What can we learn from this passage？
A. "GPS art" can be only completed on Strava.
B. Strava is in fact an app for people to draw pictures.
C. The art form of "GPS art" is getting known worldwide.
D. Janine Strong created the largest drawing in the world.
解析 C 推理判断题。由最后一段的第一句话"The ‘GPS art’ can be considered the 21st-century version of large-scale drawings on the landscape， a concept gradually known to the world"可知，"GPS艺术"逐渐为世人所知，故选C。
B
[2023广东广州调研]Pieter Bruegel’s iconic 1565 painting TheHarvesters hangs at the Metropolitan Museum of Art. The work showed people harvesting wheat nearly as tall as they were."Nowadays， however， if you walk through a wheat field， you basically see that wheat is about knee-height. The reduced height is essentially a consequence of breeding from the second half of the 20th century，" biologist Ive De Smet explained.
De Smet says wheat is just one example of how historical artwork can allow us to track the transformation of food crops over time. He teamed up with art historian Vergauwen， a friend since childhood， to document such artwork around the world. They have been mainly looking at things where they can spot changes in shape， color and size.
Their interest in plants in artwork began with a visit to the Hermitage Museum， where they noticed an odd-looking watermelon in an early-17th-century painting. It appeared to be pale and white on the inside. De Smet assumed the painter had done a poor job. But Vergauwen had a different idea. "No， this is one of the best painters ever from that era. So if he painted it like that， that’s the way it must have looked like，" he explained.
Other paintings revealed that both red and white watermelons were grown during the 17th century."With all the genetic knowledge we now have， we can look at how something comes about in more detail，"De Smet said. "For example， until the 18th century， European strawberries appeared tiny in paintings — they then grew in size as they were crossbred with North American varieties."
Ultimately， the team hopes to create an online research database of historical plant artwork. They seek the contributions of art enthusiasts around the world via the social media. "However，" Vergauwen reminds， "if you’re going to use， for example， Picasso to try and understand how a pear looked in the early 20th century， you might be misled."
通过观察不同时期的写实艺术作品人们可以更好地了解粮食作物的变化。
1.What can we learn about the painting TheHarvesters？
A. It shows how people successfully grew wheat.
B. It proves that wheat was much shorter in the past.
C. It explains the consequence of different breeding methods.
D. It gives clues about how wheat in the 16th century looked like.
解析 D 细节理解题。由第一段内容可知，在该作品中小麦几乎和人一样高，即人们可以看到16世纪的小麦是什么样的，故D项正确。
2.What inspired the research team to start their study？
A. Their preference for food crops.
B. Their friendship since childhood.
C. Their divided views on an old painting.
D. Their shared interest in the Hermitage Museum.
解析 C 细节理解题。由第三段中的"Their interest... had a different idea"可知，该团队的两人对博物馆内一幅画有奇怪的西瓜的作品有不同的看法，所以对艺术作品中的植物开始感兴趣，故C项正确。
3.What is the message from Vergauwen in the last paragraph？
A. Art enthusiasts are not careful enough.
B. Abstract paintings often mislead people.
C. The source paintings need to be realistic.
D. Picasso’s paintings are hard to understand.
解析 C 推理判断题。由最后一段中的"if you’re going to use... you might be misled"可知，如果你要用毕加索的画来尝试理解20世纪早期的梨是什么样的，你可能被误导。由此可推知，Vergauwen是想说画作本身要写实，故C项正确。
4.What is the purpose of the text？
A. To comment on historical plant paintings.
B. To tell interesting stories behind plant artwork.
C. To inform readers of a scientific breakthrough.
D. To introduce a study on food crop transformation.
解析 D 意图推断题。文章第一段介绍一幅画作，引出小麦变化的问题，后续内容讲述一个团队通过研究不同时代的艺术画作来追踪粮食作物变化问题，故D项正确。
二、七选五
[2024江苏海安联考]Why Is Art So Powerful？
Perhaps the simplest answer to this question is that art touches us emotionally.
Art is powerful because it can potentially influence our culture， politics， and even the economy. When we see a powerful work of art， you feel it touching deep within your core. And it can give us the power to make real-life changes.
It has the power to educate people about almost anything. 1 During the pandemic， some artists created vivid and impressive paintings to spread the message of wearing a mask， which was well received by the whole public.
It breaks cultural， social， and economic barriers. While art hardly really solves poverty or promotes social justice on its own， it can be used as a fair playing field for conversation and expression. 2 Therefore， anyone can learn to appreciate art regardless of their social status， economic standing， or political background.
It accesses higher orders of thinking. Art doesn’t just make you absorb information. 3 This is why creativity is a form of intelligence — it is a special ability that unlocks the potential of the human mind. 4
5 Many times in history we have heard of people being criticized， threatened and even killed because of their artwork. Those responsible for these reactions， may it be an aggressive government， take these measures against artists knowing how much their works can affect the politics in a given area. In the hands of good people， however， art can be used to give back hope or offer courage in a society that’s undergoing a lot of hardships.
A. Art， at its simplest， is a form of communicating with each other.
B. The truth is that people have recognized how powerful art can be.
C. It presents information in a way that could be absorbed by many easily.
D. Rather， it makes you think about current ideas and inspire you to make your own.
E. Everyone can relate to art because everyone has emotions and personal experiences.
F. Art may seek to bring about some particular emotion to relax and entertain the viewers.
G. As a matter of fact， studies have shown that exposure to art can make you better in other fields.
本文是一篇说明文。本文主要解释了为什么艺术如此强大。
1.C "During the pandemic...by the whole public"是针对C项举的例子。C项中的"could be absorbed by many easily"与空后句子中的"was well received by the whole public"相照应。
2.E "Therefore， anyone can learn to appreciate art regardless of their social status， economic standing， or political background"与E项之间是因果关系。
3.D "Art doesn’t just make you absorb information"与D项之间存在递进关系，且空后句子中的This指的便是D项。
4.G 空前句子中的"unlocks the potential of the human mind"与G项中的"make you better in other fields"相对应。
5.B B项放在此处能充当段落主题句。
三、完形填空
[2024广东高三10月联考]Our cities are full of statues. You might even have found yourself staring at a lifelike figure and 1 ， "Did they just blink or breathe？" Izabela Radcliffe is a living proof！
Izabela has now been a living 2 for over 20 years， developing a whole cast of characters. She has her own company now and she has performed many 3 including Queen Victoria， Marilyn Monroe and Marie Curie. But it’s never as simple as just showing up and 4 in the street.
"Before I leave for a job， I must 5 everything and that can take up to two hours，" Izabela explains. It’s not just about the 6 ； she also needs to make sure that she has all the make-up she needs， too. Some characters take a longer 7 time than others.
Izabela’s unique art is often in demand. "I stay 8 for quite a long time during my work， but standing still is not the goal，" she explains. "Sometimes I’m in a set position and other times I 9 with the audience. Standing still is super entertaining，" she admits. People love to see that， because staying still is very unnatural for humans.
Being a living statue also requires being in good 10 condition. "Exercising 11 is something that is really important for my job. I personally find yoga 12 ， because it helps you develop good body awareness. Without that， you can 13 your body，" she says.
Izabela finds it to be a very 14 job. "Bringing charm and happiness to others brings those things into your own life， too. It’s like a（n） 15 of energy. There is a constant interaction between you and your audience — it’s beautiful，" she says.
文章主要讲述了Izabela的职业和她的从业经历。她从事的职业是"活雕像"，她扮演形形色色的人物，站在街头，有时一动不动，有时也要和观众互动。这份工作不仅给观众带去了乐趣，也给她自己带来了乐趣。
1.A. knowing B. explaining
C. believing D.wondering
解析 D 你甚至可能会发现自己盯着一个栩栩如生的人物，心里琢磨（wondering），"它刚才眨眼或呼吸了吗？"，故选D项。
2.A. statue B. model
C. artist D. pictures
解析 A 由第五段第一句可知，本题选A。
3.A. actresses B. characters
C. players D. champions
解析 B 她现在有了自己的公司，她扮演了许多角色（characters），包括维多利亚女王、玛丽莲·梦露和玛丽·居里。
4.A. displaying B. undertaking
C. performing D. gathering
解析 C 但这绝不像在街上露面并表演（performing）那么简单。performing与前文"she has performed..."中的"performed"相呼应。
5.A. pick up B. give up
C. pack up D. put up
解析 C Izabela解释说："在我去工作之前，我必须打包收拾好（pack up）所有的东西，这可能需要两个小时。"
6.A. costume B. plot
C. information D. material
解析 A 这不仅仅是服装（costume）的问题，她还需要确保自己也拥有所需的所有化妆品。
7.A. meeting B. preparation
C. appointment D. test
解析 B 有些角色需要比其他角色更长的准备（preparation）时间。
8.A. still B. straight
C. seriously D. quietly
解析 A 她解释道："我在工作期间很长一段时间都处于保持不动的（still）状态，但静止不动并不是我的目标。"still与"but standing still is not the goal"对应。
9.A. stay B.interact
C. cooperate D. share
解析 B 有时我保持一个固定的姿势，有时我与观众互动（interact）。
10.A. living B. working
C. physical D. mental
解析 C 作为一个"活雕像"也需要有良好的身体（physical）状况。
11.A. occasionally B. fiercely
C. actively D. regularly
解析 D 经常（regularly）锻炼对我的工作非常重要。
12.A. appealing B.beneficial
C. interesting D. significant
解析 B 我个人认为瑜伽是有益的（beneficial），因为它能帮助你培养良好的身体意识。beneficial与"because it helps you develop good body awareness"吻合。
13.A. relieve B. tremble
C. hurt D. protect
解析 C 没有这个，你可能会伤害（hurt）你的身体。
14.A. rewarding B. generous
C. boring D. tiring
解析 A Izabela发现这是一份非常有回报的（rewarding）工作。 rewarding与"Bringing charm and happiness to others brings those things into your own life， too"相吻合。
15.A. loss B. outbreak
C. consumption D. exchange
解析 D 这就像是能量的交换（exchange）。
