2024届高考英语复习——阅读七选五学案（含答案）

2024届高考高三英语复习——阅读七选五
1. 三年真题七选五-段首设空题考点细目表
试卷 年份 体裁 主题语境 文 章 结构 选项特征 设空位置 段首 段中 段位
乙卷 2023 说明文 人 与 自 然 - 室 内 植物、及其好处 总 — 分 残 缺 句 + 完整句 0 3 2
甲卷 2023 说明文 人与自我--变得 有耐心的方法 总 — 分 残 缺 句 + 完整句 1 3 1
新高考 Ⅰ卷 2023 说明文 人与自我--学会 自我原谅 总 — 分 — 总 完整句 0 4 1
新高考 Ⅱ卷 2023 说明文 人与自我--怎样 开启艺术之旅 总 — 分 — 总 完整句 1 3 1
全 国 卷 Ⅰ/全 国 乙卷 2022 应用文 人与社会——人际 关系 总—分 残缺句+ 完整句 3 1 1
2021 说明文 人与社会——人际 交往 总—分 —总 残缺句+ 完整句 2 2 1
2020 说明文 人与自我—— 自我 接纳 总—分 完整句 1 3 1
2019 说明文 人与自然——新鲜 空气有助于健康 总—分 完整句 2 3 0
全 国 卷 Ⅱ/全 国 甲卷 2022 说明文 人与社会——社会 与文化 总—分 —总 残缺句+ 完整句 1 3 1
2021 说明文 人与自然——环境 保护 总—分 残缺句+ 完整句 1 4 0
2020 说明文 人与社会——表情 符号与职场交流 并列式 残缺句+ 完整句 1 4 0
2019 议论文 人与自我——有动 力的方法 总—分 完整句 1 4 0
全国 卷Ⅲ 2020 说明文 人与社会——乔迁 聚会 总—分 完整句 2 2 1
2019 说明文 人与自我——建立 健康有益的互动交 流 总—分 完整句 1 3 1
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】
从近三年高考试题来看，英语阅读理解“七选五”空位置题目在段首多考查：主旨句或承上启下句。
【备考策略】
1 ．广泛阅读，尤其是内容贴近生活、贴近时代的“关爱自我、关注社会、关心环境 ”型材料。
2 ．培养和提升语篇理解能力、逻辑思辨能力，树立“语篇框架(脉络) ”意识，具体方式如下：
【命题预测】
从近三年命题的发展趋势来看， 预测 2024 年高考阅读理解七选五试题仍然以结构鲜明的指导类说明文
为主，段首句也是考查重点。
题型总览
若问题在段首，通常是段落主题句。若是针对段落小标题设空。其呈现形式应和其他小标题相同。选项应 短小精评，多为名词词组、动名词短语或祈使向。若段落首句设空，段首句要么与段落标题相关联，要么
是段落主题句。选项要有概括性。
考点一 小标题或段落主题句
（2023 年新高考 II 卷）
· 19 Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial to growth. I post my work on social
media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my
level of artistic ability.
A Get out of your comfort zone.
.
B. Make career plans and set goals.
C. Don’t throw away your beginner art.
D. Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so.
E. You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times.
F. Evaluate your performance and, if needed, redefine your role.
G. You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition.
[2023·湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学第二次学业质量评价检测]
4 And not always in a good way. For example, in one 2011 study, teens doing a driving task in a lab took more risks when their friends were around. Researchers also looked at the teens’ brains during this task. They saw activity in a part of the brain that’s involved in rewards, which suggests the teens were changing their behavior
to try to get social approval.
A ．It can also lower the viewer’s self-control.
B ．A popular post doesn’t necessarily mean it is a quality post.
C ．It’s no surprise: Feedback from peers affects how teens behave.
D ．Their brains respond to those likes by turning on the reward center.
E ．And that can, inappropriately, make us feel less successful than them.
F ．But those “likes” can have power that goes beyond a simple connection.
G ．Most of what they do is read and respond to posts by friends and family.
考点二 注释小标题
(2023·全国甲卷 · 片段)
● 19 .
___
So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience
something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. You should learn to say to
yourself, “ 20Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding .” You’ll then gradually
become more patient.
[2023·江苏省苏北七市高三二模]
Conscious (有意识的) living is not just a trend. 1 It is about being intentional with everything you do — your words, actions, beliefs, habits, and choices. Accepting conscious living takes some effort, but it is
worthwhile. Here are some ways you can achieve this goal.
●Be conscious about your time.
Time is the most precious thing because there is no way to live a moment again. 2 If you waste your precious hours doing negative things, you will regret it later. The first step for living consciously is to be wise about
your time. Be selective about things you spend it on, and allocate (分配) it for positive activities.
● 3
____
You cannot achieve them unless you understand your needs and intentions. It is easier said than done because
most people fail to make an effort to know themselves. Spend time thinking over and knowing your strengths and weaknesses. Once you know yourself better, you can create a plan to work towards becoming more patient, honest,
and forgiving.
A ．Know yourself better.
B ．Accept the person you are.
C ．Life can be a lot better with the right decisions.
D ．It is a healthy choice that enables you to be happy.
E ．Pick it as a daily habit, and you will notice the difference.
F ．The way you spend your time determines the course of your life.
G ．The best way to build self-belief is by reflecting on your own thoughts.
【2023·安徽省皖江联盟高三最后一卷联考】
39
____
Ask yourself why so many people are drawn to countless travel trips or destinations. Even if you disagree with everything that travel agencies say, exploring the viewpoints might explain why some routes that don’t seem valid to you appeal to others. This will allow you to explore alternatives, evaluate your own choices, and ultimately help
you make more informed decisions.
A ．Explore other points of view.
B ．Apply the information collected.
C ．In other words, get to know what you’re looking for.
D ．Then what about the long-term environmental effects
E ．But it can help us increase the number of positive choices we make.
F ．Therefore, ask yourself about what interests you most and what is needed.
G ．It helps you weigh different options, moving you closer to a wiser decision.
考点三 段落间的过渡句
(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷 ·节选)
Parisians are different from you and me. They never look lazy or untidy. As someone noted in this paper a
couple of weeks ago, they eat great food and never gain weight. 38.The food is so delicious that you don't need
much of it to make you happy.French strawberries do not taste like cardboard. Instead, they explode in your mouth
like little flavor bombs.
39 On our first morning in Paris, I went around the corner to the food market to pick up some groceries. I bought a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon. My husband and I agreed they were
the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cost $18!
In France, quality of life is much more important than efficiency (效率) ．You can tell this by café life. French cafés are always crowded. 40. Not all the customers are tourists.When do these people work The French take their 35-hour workweek seriously — so seriously that some labor unions recently struck a deal with a group of
companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call.
B ．The quality of life in France is equally excellent.
C ．There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.
D ．The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
E ．That's not the only reason the French eat less than we do.
F ．Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.
[2023·湖北省十一校第二次联考]
If you’ve had a bad night’s sleep, or you’ve just got too much to do, the last thing you want to be told is to “be
positive!” 1 .
Of course, developing a positive attitude is easier said than done -it doesn’t come naturally to everyone. When you’re feeling down, it is hard to be optimistic. But a study has found that people who are optimists are more likely
to live longer than those who have a more negative approach to life. So, maybe once you think of a longer life,
2
____
The study concluded that optimists may find it easier to control emotions and get less stressed. And as stress impacts on the immune system, 3 . Professor Lewina Lee from Boston University said: “Our findings speak to the possibility that raising levels of optimism may promote longevity and healthy aging. ”And she advises
that pessimists could benefit from doing things like imagining a future where everything turns out well.
But if you’re a ‘glass half empty’ type of person, could seeing the world through rose-tinted glasses work for
you Every bean has its black. 4 Some people say it’s best to celebrate the positives and ignore the
negative parts of our lives.
5 . Vicki Siska says “Music feeds my soul, a sense of humour keeps things in perspective”. Pippa Kennedy says “being grateful for what you have!” Other people recommend doing yoga and meditation as well as
staying fit to help maintain a positive outlook on life.
A ．Accepting this helps us control our emotions
B ．Accept it and make efforts to improve yourself
C ．it’s possible that optimists better handle infections
D ．But having this mindset could have many benefits
E ．But it could help you have a positive outlook on life
F ．it might encourage you to have a more hopeful outlook on life
G ．People have their personal advice on keeping a positive approach to life
过关检测
（2023·湖南长沙 ·雅礼中学校考三模）Active listening is a valuable skill in which the listener makes a con scious effort to understand the speaker’s entire message. Below are five benefits of active listening and w
hat they can do for you at work.
Active listening can help achieve understanding. The conflict resolution skills of different people vary. 1 Very often we only hear what we want to hear. However, being able to understand another point of view
completely can avoid many potentially negative outcomes.
Active listening can resolve conflict. People involved in conflict often feel misunderstood. 2 If you aim to resolve conflicts at work, and encourage others to do the same, you must begin by listening to the opposing
point of view objectively.
Active listening is an essential part of learning. 3 Active listening is a skill that allows you to
acquire the knowledge which could lead your company into a better future.
4 Listening to the whole message means you’re engaging on a deeper level with the speaker. It allows you to absorb more precise details from the conversation itself. If you’re receiving instructions or training,
you will be able to recall details more easily.
Active listening can help you become a good leader. As a leader, when you listen to what your followers have to say, you understand them better. 5 You’ll be able to work out with colleagues or employees about
where improvements can be made for the benefit of all involved.
A ．Active listening can help in dealing with emergencies.
B ．In turn, your workplace communication skills will improve.
C ．Leaders should always be open to exploring something new.
D ．Active listening will help avoid missing important information.
E ．Some people naturally know how to step into someone else’s shoes.
F ．The reason they argue is that they don’t fully know each other’s positions.
G ．It’s easy to become distracted when someone is speaking to us in a workplace.
（2023·云南 · 云南师大附中校考模拟预测） How to Overcome Fear
Everyone experiences fear sometimes. Fear can actually help keep you safe by alerting you to potentially dangerous situations. 6 . Fortunately, there are things you can do to address your fears and minimize the
impact it has on you.
7 . It is quite normal to fear. However, when fears begin to take over your life and affect your
functioning, they become a problem. Reflect on your fears and notice how much they affect your life.
Realize that it’s okay to have fears. Fear is an adaptive function that prolongs our lives. Fear triggers a
“fight-or-flight” response, which readies our bodies to take action in order to protect ourselves.
Understand your triggers. Is it something obvious, like the sight of a snake on a trail Figure out everything
that triggers your fear. 8 .
Imagine the outcome you desire. Now that you better understand your fear, think about what exactly you
want to change. 9 . How do you feel
Practice engaging with the fear. The power to label your emotions is beneficial for self-understanding and
emotional intelligence.
Make your fear a source of fascination. Try to re-frame your fear in a positive light and acknowledge the thrill it can offer. When you start seeing fear as a source of energy, you might even embrace its role in your life.
10 . Once the discomfort of the initial wave of fear passes, examine it more closely to see what you can learn.
A ．However, there are times when fear runs overwhelming and disturbs your daily life
B ．Start seeing fear as an opportunity
C ．Recognize when fears become overwhelming
D ．The more you can know about your fear, the better
E ．Think about yourself experiencing life without your fear
F ．Figure out exactly what power your fear has over your mind and behavior
G ．Acknowledge what comes up with no attachment to “good” or “bad”
（2023·湖南娄底 · 统考模拟预测）University life is full of fun and experiences. But to make learning much more enjoyable, you should follow certain steps that will help you out in keeping your stress level down and having
the most of the fun in the university.
Always get involved in the events. Doing something every day is very important not only in the university life but also in the practical life. 11 Be active and smart. Join the societies, which will help you develop
personality and increase your confidence.
Always show up. Showing people that you are there with them and always will be. Offer help to everybody. In
this way more people will know you and you will be able to wipe off your fear of social interaction. 12
Make as many friends as possible. Don’t restrict yourself in making friends; it will help increase your knowledge. You will learn a lot about different cultures and this will help you with your practical life too. By
communicating with different people you’ ll learn different interesting aspects of their lives.
13 If you keep thinking all the time about future, you will end up being depressed. You start losing your focus and begin to worry about less important things. 14 Release your stress and be
present-focused. It will greatly help you in accomplishing your goals and achieving happiness.
Keep a balance. 15 Being extreme in one field might bring astonishing results, but this will affect other aspects of your life. Keep a balance between short-term goals and long-term benefits. This will help you in
achieving a perfect and enjoyable life.
A ．Do not waste time doing nothing.
B ．Just relax and stop thinking about the future.
C ．Never move towards the extreme and try living an average life.
D ．Be present-focused.
E ．Some students may like to have many friends and enjoy a party lifestyle.
F ．The more people you know, the easier it will be for you to walk around without being shy.
G ．Nobody cares if you miss class, don’t eat properly, nor don’t go to a party.
（2023·四川·模拟预测）If you feel that life cannot be worse for you, it’ll be arduous to think positively. When stressed, dampened, hurt in a passive state of mind, for you’re aware that misfortune keeps taking place nonstop,
it’s highly crucial to convert passive thoughts into something uplifting. 16 .
It’s often difficult to think positively if most things abound you are passive, yet assure yourself that definitely someone is even worse than you. 17 . When you kick off with one small but positive thing and adore it during the course of your day, you’ll start to get into a more positive situation and hence people could begin turning up in your life and be a vital part of your life.With sincere appreciation, you’ll find out that as time lapses, you’ll be
able to change your values and choose to embrace happiness despite those bad events about you. 18 .
●Commence and conclude each day with a sentence of appreciation like “Thank you for having me a fabulous
and fresh day.”
●When your boss pushed you too hard to accept, soliloquize yourself: I feel thankful for the current employment, for I understand that at least there have still been so many peers competing fiercely to vie for
employment.”
● If you are have health-related problems, appreciate all that still do work: your eyes see,your ears hear, and
your brain thinks so on and so forth.
●Write down anything for which you’re grateful per day. When you’re really let down, read aloud and loudly what you wrote during the last days,weeks, months,etc. 19 . If you can keep practising this in a regular
manner, you’ll ultimately find what you’ve been pursuing for so long.
Anyway, the very key is to get yourself dive into cheerful thoughts and ideas and then maintain them for long
enough so as to attain the power of appreciation. 20 .
A ．This will help uplift your spirits.
B ．If not, you’ll only induce more misfortunes.
C ．It’s of vital importance to demonstrate your gratitude.
D ．The more you appreciate, the more delighted you’ll feel.
E ．You’ve made quite a few achievements during your career.
F ．Here are a few general instances for you to practise.
G ．You could choose to consider differently by means of starting with the smallest steps.
（2023·云南保山 · 统考二模） Trees, plants and flowers are all around us and we enjoy their beauty every day.
We are so used to them that we may even take them for granted without realising how much inspiration they have
given us. In fact, nature has inspired many of the most fascinating designs around us. 21
People who are interested in exploring the relationship between art and science will enjoy Singapore’s ArtScience Museum. Shaped like a lotus flower, it appears to float above the waterfront promenade(滨海步道) with the water surrounding it. Its roof collects rainwater and channels it 35 metres down to a waterfall in the centre of the space. 22 Visitors are often amazed to find themselves in an urban building that so truly captures the
beauty of natural forms.
Based on the form and process of termite(白蚁) mounds(土堆), Harare’s Eastgate Centre is a superb example of biomimicry(仿生学). It has a “skin” covered in holes. 23 At night, the heat absorbed by the wall during the day warms the cool air, creating a suitable temperature so that people can stay inside comfortably. The design
reduces the need for traditional air conditioning and heating systems, saving a lot of energy and costs.
24 The surface of the apartment building is covered in panels that contain algae. The panels can capture heat from the sun and convert it into energy that powers the building. And that’s not all — the algae inside the panels can be harvested and used to produce fuel. Therefore, the building not only uses less energy, but also
reduces damage to the environment.
Great buildings like these enables us to live in closer harmony with nature. 25 It may be challenging to meet the needs of today while protecting the world of tomorrow, but even the simplest organisms can help teach
us how to achieve this.
A ．It is also presented in various architectural designs.
B ．What we need is to seek more inspiration from nature.
C ．The holes are designed to allow air to move freely in and out.
D ．The world’s first algae-powered building is in Hamburg, Germany.
E ．The water is then recycled through the building’s plumbing system.
F ．During the day, warm air is drawn into the building through the holes.
G ．The design shows the connection between people and modern city environment.
（2023·广东广州 · 统考二模 ）What makes a work of architecture great Most people would argue that aesthetics (美感) are the most important. 26 However, Roman architect Marcus Vitruvius Pollio believed
that we should also consider durability and function when assessing a structure. The Rostonville Library in my city
is a great example of Vitruvius’s principles.
Constructed entirely of granite—a hard and tough stone, the library is durable. It can withstand environmental pollution. For example, it is resistant to acid rain. Moreover, its granite structure is stable so it’s more likely to
survive an earthquake. 27 It uses solar energy for heating and a rooftop garden for cooling.
28 Providing free access to print and digital information, it conveys a feeling of openness and accessibility. Furthermore, the entire library is on one level, and it has an open design—there are no inner walls or dividers. In addition, large windows let in plenty of natural light, so it’s easy to see and get to each department
within the library.
Finally, the library is beautiful, with aesthetically pleasing details both inside and out. The large windows are copper-framed (铜框的). The copper color provides an interesting contrast against the color of the granite structure and it will remain as the copper ages. Growth from the rooftop garden, which reaches down the sides of the
building, adds to the aesthetics of the building. 29
Durability, functionality and beauty make the Rostonville Library a great structure. Architects who follow
Vitruvius’s principles help to make the city more pleasant to live in. 30
A ．The library is also sustainable.
B ．It is true that beauty is critical.
C ．This is not the only concern of the architects.
D ．The library was designed with functionality in mind.
E ．It softens the lines of the structure and helps it to fit into its natural surroundings.
F ．Plus ，the library was built on the edge of the city park ，surrounded by native plants.
G ．Buildings that fulfill these criteria offer both peace of mind and beauty for their users.
（2023·湖北 · 开滦第二中学校考模拟预测） 4 Traits to Look for in a Great Home Security System
When it comes to choosing a system to secure your home, you want to be sure that you are making the best decision possible. There are many different home security systems on the market. 31 We give a list of
the top 4 traits to look for in a great home security system.
32 There are many different systems on the market, and not all of them are created equal. When you
are looking for a home security system, you want to be sure that you are choosing a system with a good reputation.
It needs to have 24-hour monitoring. Especially if you are constantly traveling, using your home as a vacation
rental, or are at risk of a medical emergency, it is important that your home security system offers 24-hour
monitoring. 33
It must have smart home capabilities. Nowadays, it is not enough to just have a home security system that protects your property. 34 This way, you can control all of your devices from one central location and
receive alerts if something goes wrong.
It should be affordable. It is certain that you want to make sure that you buy a system of high quality. 35 There are many different home security systems on the market. Be sure to compare the features and benefits of each
system to find the one that fits your budget.
A ．It should have a good reputation.
B ．So how do you know which one is right for you
C ．But what should you do to protect your possessions
D ．It should be the one with the highest quality in the market.
E ．But you also want to be sure that the system you choose is affordable.
F ．This means that even if you are not at home, someone will always protect your home.
G ．Your system should also be able to be combined with your other smart home devices.
（2023·北京 · 校考一模） Play Helps Develop Bigger, Better Brains!
If play is not simply a way to have fun, for what other reasons has it developed 36 Earlier this year, Sergio Pellis of Lethbridge University, Canada, reported that there is a strong positive link between brain size
and playfulness among mammals in general. 37 The opposite was also found to be true.
According to John Byers of Idaho University, the timing of the playful stage in young animals provides an important clue to what’s going on. If you plot the amount of time a child devotes to play each day over the course of his development, you discover a pattern typically associated with a “sensitive period”—a brief development
window during which the brain can actually be adjusted in ways that are not possible earlier or later in life. 38
“People have not paid enough attention to the amount of the brain activated by play,” says Marc Bekoff from Colorado University. Bekoff studied coyote pups at play and found that the kind of behavior involved was obviously more variable and unpredictable than that of adults. He also reasons that such behavior activates many
different parts of the brain.
39 “There’s enormous cognitive involvement in play,” says Bekoff. He points out that play often
involves complex assessments of playmates and the use of specialized signals and rules. He believes that play
creates a brain that has greater behavioral flexibility and improved potential for learning later in life. 40
A ．Play just lights everything up.
B ．The importance of playfulness is drawing more attention.
C ．The latest idea suggests that play has developed to build big brains.
D ．A popular explanation is that it helps children develop the skills they will later need.
E ．Think of the relative ease with which kids—but not babies or adults—absorb language.
F ．Not only is more of the brain involved in play, but it also activates higher cognitive processes.
G ．Comparing fifteen orders of mammals, his team found larger brains are linked to greater playfulness.
（2021·陕西汉中 · 统考模拟预测）Before you throw that old cell phone in the trash, or hide it away in a
drawer, think again. There are actually many ways to deal with a mobile phone that you are no longer using.
First, you should be aware that in many places, throwing away cell phones is actually illegal because the
batteries, especially in very old phones, can contain poisonous metals. 41 .
42 . In fact, most companies that recycle them get paid to do so. This had led to many charities making a small amount of money by collecting old phones. There are large organizations that will take unwanted phones.
However, you might also want to think locally.
Many schools and local charities now have recycling programs. And they do make a little bit on each donation. 43 , you might consider starting a small local one, perhaps for a local public school. Check first, since so many schools have gotten the jump on recycling them already. 44 , or smaller and better phones, there
are plenty of old cellphones just waiting for a place to land, and smart schools have provided that place.
You might also want to hang onto any accessories(配件)that you have. 45 . Continuing to use
A ．You certainly don’t need to pay to recycle an old cellphone
B ．There are better places to get rid of them than your trash can
C ．Things like chargers or covers can often be used with your new phone
D ．Local charities have contributed a lot in repairing unwanted phones
E ．As people move to bigger and better phones
F ．The saying that one man’s trash is another man’s treasure certainly applies
G ．If you can’t find a large cell phone recycling program in your area
（2023· 四川 · 校考模拟预测 ）Adopting a pet is rapidly becoming the preferred option for many people wanting to add an animal companion. It’s true that many people are happy to part with thousands of dollars for
purebred(纯种的)dogs and cats. 46
Homeless animals can make wonderful pets. People often assume that dogs and cats end up in shelters because they’re unwanted or badly behaved. There are many reasons owners may need to re-home their pet-divorce,
hospitalization, or the time and money needed to care for a dog. 47
Adult animals have benefits. Shelters have a wide range of potential pets and there are many benefits from adopting a more mature dog or cat. Not starting from scratch helps avoid much of the craziness and mess associated with puppies. They will already be vaccinated, so you will have fewer start-up costs. 48 A young animal’s behaviour may still be developing, whereas an older animal’s personality and behaviour should be evident, so no
surprises.
49 You should only adopt a dog or cat from a trusted shelter or rescue group. Ethical establishments will have a behavioral trainer to assess the character of every dog and cat. The staff should ask you lots of questions to recommend the most suitable pet. Ongoing behaviour and training advice should be available, and you should be
able to return the pet if things don’t word out.
There’s something else to keep in mind. It’s important for you to only select a pet that will suit your lifestyle, not a pet you feel sorry for. 50 There’s a lot of responsibility associated with managing animals
appropriately.
A ．Pets not only provide but call for company.
B ．Animal experts discuss how to adopt a pet.
C ．Most importantly what you see is what you get.
D ．Choose an appropriate animal from a reliable source.
E ．Consider the pet’s suitability for your family and lifestyle.
F ．You need to think carefully about how you will care for it.
G ．Some dogs and cats become lost, are not identified and are never claimed.
（2024·云南 · 云南省下关第一中学校联考模拟预测）Are you someone who easily gets tired and doesn’t feel
like doing anything Do you label this kind of behavior as mere laziness 51
Feel disconnected from everything.
People experiencing exhaustion most commonly don’t feel like themselves anymore, don’t feel engaged by
anything and constantly struggle with the sense of helplessness and inability to take back control of their lives.
Used to be motivated and passionate.
A clear difference between someone who’s worn out and someone who’s lazy is that the tired people used to have things they were passionate about. 52 And even hate doing anything because of how much they
overworked themselves.
Become moody and annoyed.
Do you suddenly find yourself easily angry 53 If you start to have trouble controlling your emotions,
especially when it never used to be a problem for you, this might be the reason why.
54
One of the warning signs is that you start neglecting your self-care and socially keep away from others. You stop making an effort to dress up yourself or look good and you tend to spend most of your time by yourself doing
nothing.
Changes happen gradually.
Studies show that exhaustion develops in five major stages, according to degrees of severity. The honeymoon phase, the onset of stress, chronic stress, exhaustion and habitual exhaustion. By the time you reach the final stage,
exhaustion will make you suffer from depression and anxiety. 55
A ．Ignore your self-care.
B ．Focus on warning signs.
C ．Do you often feel emotionally out of control
D ．So it’s important to raise awareness about exhaustion.
E ．But the lazy people don’t ever devote themselves to things.
F ．However, they may now be struggling to find interest in anything.
G ．Here are five signs to show you’re experiencing exhaustion rather than laziness.
（2023·福建厦门 · 统考三模）Eating too much salt is one of the causes of cardiovascular (心血管的) disease,
which kills an estimated 17.9 million people each year, according to the WHO. 56 .
Most people in the world consume about 10.8 grams of salt a day, more than double the level recommended
by both the WHO and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. While salt is an essential nutrient, sodium (钠),accounting for 40 percent of it, narrows and hardens blood vessels (血管). 57 . In fact, many health
organizations suggest that consumers dramatically reduce their sodium intake.
Rather than salt from a shaker in the kitchen, the majority of sodium consumed by most Americans comes from packaged and prepared foods. 58 . Part of the reason is that years of adding too much salt to foods has reduced people’s taste sensitivity. “They don’t want to take the initiative to reduce sodium if there’s a
competitor that has a higher content of salt.” the WHO’s Branca said.
59 . They are demanded to improve public awareness around the dangers of an overly salty diet and force food producers to reduce salt levels through legal standards. The FDA also announces that it plans to change
the rules for nutrition labels on food packages to indicate that they are “healthy.”
The benefits of reducing salt intake begin relatively rapidly. Blood pressure starts falling within weeks for most people. 60 . “Your tongues will adjust to a reduction in salt, and you’ll be able to better taste the
other flavors,” said Branca.
A ．Sensitivity to salt returns soon
B ．That’s why they expect a certain amount of salt
C ．Just consume no more than a teaspoon of salt a day
D ．The U.N.’s health agency is calling on governments to take action
E ．If more salt is kept in the body, it slowly puts up the blood pressure
F ．It can also lead to brain attacks and other serious medical conditions
G ．Food producers continue to add so much salt despite the known health risks
（2023·广东阳江 · 统考一模）Jessica Nabongo longs to set foot in every nation. She started traveling at age four, along with her parents on family trips from Detroit, Michigan and completed her mission when she landed in the Seychelles, having visited 195 countries. 61 Along the way, she became a writer, photographer, and
passionate advocate for inclusive and ethical(道德的) tourism .
Here she talks to us about her experience and tips for traveling better.
What inspires your adventures
62 I have a strong desire to see the differences and similarities in how people live everywhere in the
world, even at home in the United States.
Did you ever experience any obstacles
I don’t believe in failure. 63 Embarrassment isn’t a natural human personality, in my eyes－it comes from socialization. If I fell over in the middle of Grand Central Station, I’d laugh at myself. I firmly believe that
every failure in your life is just an opportunity to learn.
64
My mother has always said “ humble(使谦逊) yourself.” I appreciate it because when you travel, depending on your passport, depending on your social class, depending on so many different things, you can go to places with a
lot of ego（自我） , or you can humble yourself and know that everyone is equal.
What are some things people can do to travel more sustainably(可持续地)
Single －use plastic is one of the biggest things harming Earth right now, so a lot of my focus is on that. 65 If you’ re in a restaurant and you don’ t have a big appetite, ask for a half portion. It’s about being a deliberate(慎重的) traveler, just taking that extra minute to think how I can have a lower impact on this place that I’
m in and on the planet in general.
A ．But it’s not just about the country count.
B ．I believe failure is the mother of success.
C ．Curiosity－that’s what’s always inspired me.
D ．What did you depend on during your travel
E ．And I don’t have the ability to be embarrassed.
F ．What’s the best piece of advice you’ ve received
G ．But I also think it’s important to watch how much you waste.
（2023·重庆 · 西南大学附中校考三模） Time to make lemonade out of life’s lemons
When you have an unexpected lockdown staring at you, take it one day at a time. Instead of getting bogged down by the thought, take each of those days as an opportunity to build new skills, explore hobbies and do things
you’ve always wanted to. 66 .
1. Give your house a makeover
67 With a lockdown in full progress, this may be a good time to give your home a fresh new look. Change the curtains, move your tables, chairs and sofas around the house to try out new combinations. Besides
burning good calories, this activity could help you hit the reset button and let you escape the boredom of same-old.
2 68 There are at least half a dozen people, at any given point of time that you need to call back. An elderly aunt, that slightly touchy friend, or your former colleague — you really meant to call them back, but ... you know how it is. This is a good time to find out how your friends and family are doing. Spread the warmth and stay
bonded.
3. Find the bookworm in you
This is a no-brainer to be honest. Besides being a great entertainer, this can be a great use of your me-time,
simply because you will enhance your knowledge of people, society, history and culture. 69 .
4. Try digital housekeeping
Your home may be tidy and in order, but your digital life is a mess: photos all out of place, the music from god-knows-when, old text files that need to be cleaned up. 70 . Most importantly, you need to change
your passwords and keep them safe.
A ．Be a social butterfly — on the phone
B ．Here is a list of ideas for you to explore
C ．Also, research suggests that reading keeps you smarter
D ．Used to the common setting of your routine workplace
E ．Therefore, you are supposed to finish the following things
F ．Not to mention a system backup and an update of your operating system
G ．Tired of seeing the same old seating/dining arrangements, day in, day out
（2023·重庆 · 重庆实验外国语学校校考三模）With offices slowly re-opening, we may soon be expected to go back to interviewing in the old-fashioned way—in person. During an interview, your main job is to sell yourself as a confident and capable asset. But how can you do that One thing you should do is think about your body
language. 71
● Give a good handshake but not too good. We’ve all heard that a handshake should be firm because one that is too soft can make you appear weak or shy. 72 You should avoid that. Instead, conduct a proper one to
make both the interviewers and you comfortable.
● Watch your posture( 姿势)and maintain eye contact. 73 Nothing conveys disinterest and lack of confidence like a slouch (懒散的人). And remember that although it may feel uncomfortable at times, eye contact
is also key—especially while the other person is talking.
● 74 If you keep putting your hands on or near your face, it can send the message that you’re not comfortable with what you’re saying. When you’re not gesturing, put your hands in your lap. And don’t forget to
smile—a smile not only conveys warmth, receptivity and positivity, it also helps reduce stress.
● Listen actively and try using the mirroring technique. Active listening is a key part of any interview. 75 Mirroring or copying someone’s body language is also a powerful way to convey connection. Face your
interviewers directly, sit in the same position and try to match the pace and volume of their talk.
A ．Don’t gesture but smile.
B ．But there is such a thing as too firm.
C ．And here are some common red flags to avoid
D ．Keep your hands away from your face and smile.
E ．This may seem obvious but it bears repeating: Sit up straight.
F ．By doing so, you indicate to the interviewers that they have your full attention.
G ．Here are a few ways to use body language to your advantage in your job interview.
真题演练
(
2023
年
)
Passage 1
【2023 年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】Personal Forgiveness
Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is
human. 16 You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.
In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” 17 Are you caring Creative Generous A good listener Fun to be around They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality
that you’re proud of.
At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without
being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. 18
You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. 19 That way, you could exchange
thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, don’t wait
until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.
It’s something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true. 20 We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to
develop and grow.
A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it.
F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.
Passage 2
【2023 年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】As an artist who shares her journey on social media, I’m often asked by curious followers how to begin an art journey. Unfortunately, there is no magic list I can offer. I do remember, though, what
it was like to be a complete beginner. So I’ve put together some good tips for starting an art journey.
·Start small. I suggest using a sketchbook (素描本) for small studies. These small studies provide inspiration and maybe a springboard for more complex works in the future. 16 You’ll want to look back on your journey
to see how far you’ve come.
·Paint often and paint from life. There’s no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles. Whether you
paint still lifes, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as much as possible. 17
·Continually challenge yourself to try something new. 18 Artistic growth can be a bit painful. Welcome to the club；we’ve all been there. I love taking on challenges. I once took up a challenge to create a painting every
day for a month and post the works online.
· 19 Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial to growth. I post my work on social media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my level
of artistic ability.
The journey you’re on won’t follow a straight path. 20 Push through, give it time and put in the effort.
You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life.
A Get out of your comfort zone.
.
B. Make career plans and set goals.
C. Don’t throw away your beginner art.
D. Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so.
E. You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times.
F. Evaluate your performance and, if needed, redefine your role.
G. You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition.
Passage 3
【2023 年全国乙卷】Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much, but in many ways they are
the unsung heroes of the home. 16 , but studies have shown that they can promote people’s wellbeing by
improving their mood (心情), reducing stress and helping their memory. What’s more, indoor plants are easy to look
after and are not very expensive.
What are indoor plants
Indoor plants, also known as houseplants or pot plants, are plants that like to grow indoors. Many of these
species (物种) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK, especially in the winter. 17 .
Why are indoor plants good for you
Will Spoelstra, who works at the Royal Botanic Gardens, says, “ 18 . I find during the winter months, plants around the house can really lift your mood.” Several studies have backed this up and found that indoor plants
can improve creativity, focus and memory. There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around
them by removing harmful gases, such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or
cooking. 19 .
Which plants can you grow
Aloe vera, peace lilies and spider plants are some of the species that are easy to grow indoors. You can buy
plants from supermarkets, garden centres or online. Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones, and you get to care for them as they mature — which is part of the joy of owning plants. “ 20 ,” Spoelstra says. “It can
bring a new interest and focus into people’s lives and help to make the link between home and nature.”
A. All plants are different
B. Not only do they look beautiful
C. There are many benefits to growing plants indoors
D. Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmer
E. Plants like peace lilies and devil’s tongue are among the best
F. Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help
G. Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding
Passage 4
【2023 年全国甲卷】Tricks To Becoming A Patient Person
Here’s a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common There is
one answer. 16 .
___
In the Digital Age, we’re used to having what we need immediately and right at our fingertips. However,
research suggests that if we practiced patience, we’dbe a whole lot better off. Here are several tricks.
●Practice gratitude (感激)
Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic.
17 . “Showing thankfulness can foster self-control,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California.
● Make yourself wait
Instant gratification (满足) may seem like the most “feel good” option at the time, but psychology research suggests waiting for things actually makes us happier in the long run. And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice. 18 . Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake. You’ll soon find that the more patience you practice, the more you start to apply it to other,
more annoying situations.
● 19 .
___
So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. You should learn to say to
yourself, “ 20 .” You’ll then gradually become more patient.
A. Find your causes
B. Start with small tasks
C. Accept the uncomfortable
D. All this adds up to a state of hurry
E. It can also help us practice more patience
F. This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable
G. They’re all situations where we could use a little extra patience
Passage 5
【2023 年北京卷】It’s a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their families as
they make decisions about where to attend college. Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a decision.
35
____
When I talk to families as a scholar of higher education, they’re often surprised that teaching excellence is not
counted in rankings. 36
Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities. 37 The absence of teaching excellence from the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is one of the most
important predictors of a wide range of college outcomes.
Rankings, however, are only one reason why a low value is placed on teaching in higher education.
Administrators often don’t view teaching excellence as a way to increase enrolment (注册) or funding. 38 Research shows that the more time instructors spend on teaching, the lower their salary. What is the result？ Many
instructors continue to teach using traditional lectures, which lead to lower success rates.
39 Nevertheless, not much will change until schools with high-quality teaching are rewarded with more resources, higher rankings and increased enrolments. In the long term, universities, organisations that rank
schools, and others should work to make teaching a valued, core part of the mission.
What should students and their families do They should give strong consideration to universities where
high-quality teaching is valued, even though the schools may be ranked lower.
A. Higher education has achieved its true potential.
B. Therefore, it’s not highly valued in hiring or promotion.
C. Quality teaching has been an important reputation-building factor.
D. However, the rankings ignore a critical factor: the quality of teaching.
E. Efforts to improve teaching at the university level have recently emerged.
F. They’re even more surprised at how teaching is undervalued by universities.
G. In fact, universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors.
(
2022
年阅读理解七选五
(
说明文
)
)
Passage1
【2022 年新高考全国Ⅰ 卷】Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your
Workout Partner.” One reason was: “You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym, ” while another read: “ 16 ” With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle
(微妙) competition.
So, how do you find a workout partner
First of all, decide what you want from that person. 17 Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to
move with strength and flexibility Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner.
You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won’t result in a useful
response. 18 If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.
My partner posted her request on the noticeboard of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also
listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. 19
You and your partner will probably have different skills. 20 Over time, both of you will benefit — your
partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. The core (核心) of your relationship
is that you will always be there to help each other.
A. Your first meeting may be a little awkward.
B. A workout partner usually needs to live close by.
C. You’ll work harder if you train with someone else.
D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport
E. How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice
F. Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.
G. Any notice for a training partner should include such information.
Passage2
【2022 年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】Writing an essay is a difficult process for most people. However, the process can
be made easier if you learn to practice three simple techniques.
16 When you are first trying to think of ideas for an essay, put your pen to your paper and write nonstop for ten or fifteen minutes without letting your pen leave the paper. Stay loose and free. 17 Don’t worry about
grammar or spelling. Even though this technique won’t work for everyone, it helps many people get a good store of
ideas to draw on.
The next technique is to write your draft rapidly without worrying about being perfect. 18 Yet, by
learning to live with imperfection, you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled (弄皱)
paper. Think of your first draft as a path cut out of the jungle—as part of an exploration, not as a complete highway.
The third technique is to try printing out a triple—spaced (三倍行距) copy to allow space for revision.
19 As a result, these writers never get in the habit of crossing out chunks (大块) of their draft and writing
revisions in the blank space. After you have revised your draft until it is too messy to work from anymore, you can
enter your changes into your word processor. 20 The resulting blank space invites you to revise.
A. Make sure your handwriting is neat.
B. Let your pen follow the waves of thought.
C. The second draft of the essay should be better.
D. First of all, learn the technique of nonstop writing.
E. Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time.
F. Many beginning writers don’t leave enough space to revise.
G. Then you can print out a fresh draft, again setting your text on triple-space.
Passage3
【2022 年全国乙卷】Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health. Here are five ways to
sustain (保持) long-distance friendships.
·Set a regular date
Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact (联系) and share with one
another. With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge. 16 .
·More isn’t always merrier
Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both. 17 . There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as
leaving voice messages or having a group chat.
·Practise empathy (共情)
18 . The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the friend who has moved. The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel
abandoned.
· 19
___
Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships. Although technology might make day-to-day communication possible, extra effort goes a long way on special days. Simply keeping a diary that
keeps track of friends’ birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you.
·Don’t rely on technology alone
20 , but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious effort to sustain. Try
to seek out chances to renew friendships. How to do it Just spend face-to-face time together whenever possible.
A. Remember important dates
B. Compensate by writing letters
C. It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper
D. Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it
E. Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication
F. It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media
G. You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind
Passage4
【2022 年全国甲卷】Important Things to Know When Dining Out
Cultural dining etiquette (礼节) might surprise you with some of its important rules. 16 . Knowing some
tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family — no matter where you are in the world.
Chopstick Rules
The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions. When you put them down
between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you.
17 .
___
Hands or Utensils (餐具)
In India and the Middle East, it’s considered very rude to eat with your lefthand. People in France expect you to eat with a utensil in each hand. 18 , instead preferring to use their hands. In Chile, you may never touch any
food with your fingers. People in Thailand generally use their forks only to push food onto their spoons.
Making Requests
19 . In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don’t like their
seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food.
Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange, but they are important in various
countries. 20 , the more comfortable you’ll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices.
A. The more friends you make in your lifetime
B. The more time you spend in any given country
C. Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils
D. Don’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant
E. It’s a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate
F. Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them
G. It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal
Passage5
【2022 年北京卷】Health and fitness help a person live a good and healthy life. Often due to various pressures,
we tend to ignore our health. 35 It is the fitness level of our body that helps us fight these diseases.
36 We need to be fit to have a healthy body. Similarly, if we are healthy we shall naturally be attracted towards maintaining the fitness of our body. Health is the state of our body at a given time. We may not have any disease but still have a weak body, which is ready to be targeted by viruses. 37 This does not definitely mean that we are not healthy. It means the fitness level is not in accordance with our age and the climatic conditions
we live in.
It is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness. 38 For instance, we must exercise daily regardless of our age and working style. There are different levels of exercises for different age groups
and we must do them according to our own health and age.
Additionally, it is important to relax our body. We should have at least six to eight hours of sleep every day. It helps in improving our immune (免疫) system and protects us against diseases. 39 This, in turn, gives us
new goals of health and fitness.
A. Fitness levels decide the quality of life.
B. Health and fitness are interrelated to each other.
C. It also helps in keeping us calm and relaxes our mind.
D. For instance, we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily.
E. If we keep our body fit, we can enjoy life in a better manner.
F. There are some activities which everyone should do in our life.
G. This makes our body suffer and we will catch other diseases.
Passage6
【2022 年浙江卷 6 月】I have a drawer full of letters to Santa. Each year my children would write up their Christmas wish lists. They were polite requests for the latest game or toy. As the children got older, they would give
Santa some hints(提示)on where to buy their presents. 11
Those letters taught my children a valuable lesson about writing: It has a purpose. Sometimes our purpose is to achieve something;other times it may be to entertain, inform, or persuade. 12 And when writing doesn’t
seem to have any purpose or get any kind of meaningful response, then it can be hard to get excited about doing it.
Christmas is a great time of year for children to communicate with others through writing. When children write for real audiences and real purposes, they can learn to choose their words accordingly. 13 You write “Dear
Santa” because you don’t know him personally and you want to show him respect.
14 Texting, online messaging, live chats while playing video games all mean that they are constantly producing written messages. However, because they are usually writing to family and friends, they use informal
language most of the time.
There is nothing wrong with this kind of writing. It suits the audience and the purpose and gets the job done. 15 This type of writing won’t be rewarded by the school examiner, nor by a future employer or a potential
client. The very best communicators are those who know how to adjust their language to match their audience.
A. It isn’t that these young people can’t write.
B. But it is always purposeful-or at least it should be.
C. The age of pen-and-paper letter writing may have passed.
D. As a result, each year they received something they wanted.
E. You write “Hi Nanna and Pop” because you are close to them.
F. As technology develops, young people are writing more than they ever have.
G. But if this is the only kind of writing young people do, it will cause problems.
Passage7
【2022 年浙江卷 1 月】I have the same 24 hours in a day as you do, but 1 have made specific choice that
allow me to make the most of every day and still feel happy and relaxed. 11
Pick the most important.
12 Focus on spending time that for you is fun and productive. 1 chose the life of an adviser because I like
to work with companies, but don't want the life of a big company CEO. My choices are based on the lifestyle 1
want.
Combine your activities.
Many people go crazy trying to figure out how to spend time with friends, family, work, play, etc. 13
Find ways to enjoy them in a combined manner. Build your social life around people your work environment. Find people in your company who share common interests and develop your career （职业 ）around the people and
activities you love.
14
You would think learning takes more time from you, but actually there are always new ways of doing things that can save you time on daily tasks, freeing you up for the most important. Always be looking for a new way to
gain back an hour here or there.
Lighten up.
The world won't come to an end in most cases just because you left a few things undone. Celebrate progress and keep refining （改进）toward a happy productive existence. 15 Every completion is a small victory that adds
up in a big way.
A. Speed up.
B. Be an active learner.
C. Stop trying to balance time between them all.
D. Make choices about what is meaningful in your life.
E. The things you do well usually give you greater joy.
F Perhaps these tips will help you make the most of your time.
G. This is why making lists is important in any productivity handbook.
Passage8
【2022 年浙江卷 6 月】I have a drawer full of letters to Santa. Each year my children would write up their Christmas wish lists. They were polite requests for the latest game or toy. As the children got older, they would
give Santa some hints(提示)on where to buy their presents. 11
Those letters taught my children a valuable lesson about writing: It has a purpose. Sometimes our purpose is to achieve something;other times it may be to entertain, inform, or persuade. 12 And when writing doesn’t
seem to have any purpose or get any kind of meaningful response, then it can be hard to get excited about doing it.
Christmas is a great time of year for children to communicate with others through writing. When children write for real audiences and real purposes, they can learn to choose their words accordingly. 13 You write
“Dear Santa” because you don’t know him personally and you want to show him respect.
14 Texting, online messaging, live chats while playing video games all mean that they are constantly producing written messages. However, because they are usually writing to family and friends, they use informal
language most of the time.
There is nothing wrong with this kind of writing. It suits the audience and the purpose and gets the job done. 15 This type of writing won’t be rewarded by the school examiner, nor by a future employer or a potential client. The very best communicators are those who know how to adjust their language to match their
audience.
A. It isn’t that these young people can’t write.
B. But it is always purposeful-or at least it should be.
C. The age of pen-and-paper letter writing may have passed.
D. As a result, each year they received something they wanted.
E. You write “Hi Nanna and Pop” because you are close to them.
F. As technology develops, young people are writing more than they ever have.
G. But if this is the only kind of writing young people do, it will cause problems.
(
2021
年阅读理解七选五
(
说明文
)
)
Passage1
【2021 年新高考全国Ⅱ 卷】If the only reading you ever do is the novel or magazine, the speed at which you
read -probably does not matter very much. But if you have to read a great deal for study, you will appreciate the
benefits of being able to read more quickly. 16
·Before you open the book, make sure that you are comfortable. You need a seat which supports your2024届高考高三英语复习——阅读七选五
1. 三年真题七选五-段首设空题考点细目表
试卷 年份 体裁 主题语境 文 章 结构 选项特征 设空位置 段首 段中 段位
乙卷 2023 说明文 人 与 自 然 - 室 内 植物、及其好处 总 — 分 残 缺 句 + 完整句 0 3 2
甲卷 2023 说明文 人与自我--变得 有耐心的方法 总 — 分 残 缺 句 + 完整句 1 3 1
新高考 Ⅰ卷 2023 说明文 人与自我--学会 自我原谅 总 — 分 — 总 完整句 0 4 1
新高考 Ⅱ卷 2023 说明文 人与自我--怎样 开启艺术之旅 总 — 分 — 总 完整句 1 3 1
全 国 卷 Ⅰ/全 国 乙卷 2022 应用文 人与社会——人际 关系 总—分 残缺句+ 完整句 3 1 1
2021 说明文 人与社会——人际 交往 总—分 —总 残缺句+ 完整句 2 2 1
2020 说明文 人与自我—— 自我 接纳 总—分 完整句 1 3 1
2019 说明文 人与自然——新鲜 空气有助于健康 总—分 完整句 2 3 0
全 国 卷 Ⅱ/全 国 甲卷 2022 说明文 人与社会——社会 与文化 总—分 —总 残缺句+ 完整句 1 3 1
2021 说明文 人与自然——环境 保护 总—分 残缺句+ 完整句 1 4 0
2020 说明文 人与社会——表情 符号与职场交流 并列式 残缺句+ 完整句 1 4 0
2019 议论文 人与自我——有动 力的方法 总—分 完整句 1 4 0
全国 卷Ⅲ 2020 说明文 人与社会——乔迁 聚会 总—分 完整句 2 2 1
2019 说明文 人与自我——建立 健康有益的互动交 流 总—分 完整句 1 3 1
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】
从近三年高考试题来看，英语阅读理解“七选五”空位置题目在段首多考查：主旨句或承上启下句。
【备考策略】
1 ．广泛阅读，尤其是内容贴近生活、贴近时代的“关爱自我、关注社会、关心环境 ”型材料。
2 ．培养和提升语篇理解能力、逻辑思辨能力，树立“语篇框架(脉络) ”意识，具体方式如下：
【命题预测】
从近三年命题的发展趋势来看， 预测 2024 年高考阅读理解七选五试题仍然以结构鲜明的指导类说明文
为主，段首句也是考查重点。
题型总览
若问题在段首，通常是段落主题句。若是针对段落小标题设空。其呈现形式应和其他小标题相同。选项应 短小精评，多为名词词组、动名词短语或祈使向。若段落首句设空，段首句要么与段落标题相关联，要么
是段落主题句。选项要有概括性。
考点一 小标题或段落主题句
（2023 年新高考 II 卷）
· 19 Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial to growth. I post my work on social
media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my
level of artistic ability.
A Get out of your comfort zone.
.
B. Make career plans and set goals.
C. Don’t throw away your beginner art.
D. Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so.
E. You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times.
F. Evaluate your performance and, if needed, redefine your role.
G. You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition.
【答案】 19. D
【解析】设空处位于段首，是本段的中心句，根据后文“Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial to growth. I post my work on social media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my level of artistic ability. (寻求并接受有建设性的反馈对于你的成长非常 重要。我在社交媒体上发布我的作品，并因此结识了一些最友好的人。无论我的艺术水平如何，他们都让 我感到受到了重视和尊重)”可知， 本段主要讲述了是分享自己的作品， 所以 D 项“Share your work if you feel
comfortable doing so. (如果你感觉舒适的话，分享你的作品)”符合文意，是本段的中心句。故选 D 项。
1 ．判断是不是段落主题句
(1)根据段落一致性原则认真阅读空格后内容，从词汇及句意两个方面判断其中的某个选项是否可以涵盖该
段主旨。
(2)着重阅读挖空后面的第一、二句，确定相关信息词。阅读时要学会瞻前顾后，注重逻辑关系的一致性。
2 ．判断是不是承上启下句
除第一段之外的其他段落段首设题时也有可能是承上启下句(第二段段首设题时该情况最常见)，这时需要在
熟悉上一段(段尾)内容的前提下，结合该段的其余内容，分析所选的答案是否能够将两个段落连贯起来。
3 ．利用平衡原则
对于有特殊标识的文章(如加黑、数字排序或其他特殊标识)做出选择时要充分利用与其他段落的平衡原则，
如：是不是祈使句(如上文)，平衡部分的主语是不是具有统一性等。有时这种关系也会体现在段落内部。
[2023·湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学第二次学业质量评价检测]
4 And not always in a good way. For example, in one 2011 study, teens doing a driving task in a lab took more risks when their friends were around. Researchers also looked at the teens’ brains during this task. They saw activity in a part of the brain that’s involved in rewards, which suggests the teens were changing their behavior
to try to get social approval.
A ．It can also lower the viewer’s self-control.
B ．A popular post doesn’t necessarily mean it is a quality post.
C ．It’s no surprise: Feedback from peers affects how teens behave.
D ．Their brains respond to those likes by turning on the reward center.
E ．And that can, inappropriately, make us feel less successful than them.
F ．But those “likes” can have power that goes beyond a simple connection.
G ．Most of what they do is read and respond to posts by friends and family.
4 ．C 根据空后的“And not always in a good way. (而且并不总是以一种好的方式。)”以及下文中的举例“For
example, in one 2011 study, teens doing a driving task in a lab took more risks when their friends were around.(例
如，在 2011 年的一项研究中，当朋友在身边时，在实验室做驾驶任务的青少年会冒更多的风险。)”可知， 本段讲述的是青少年朋友在身边的影响，而且影响不总是好的，C 选项“It’s no surprise: Feedback from peers affects how teens behave.(这并不奇怪：来自同龄人的反馈会影响青少年的行为方式。)”讲述的是来自同龄人
的反馈对青少年行为的影响，与空后内容衔接合理，且与举例说明的内容吻合。故选 C。
考点二 注释小标题
(2023·全国甲卷 · 片段)
● 19 .
___
So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience
something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. You should learn to say to
yourself, “ 20Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding .” You’ll then gradually
become more patient.
【解题】 设空处位于本段段首。根据本段内容“So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. ”可知， 本段提到了舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态， 结合前文的小标题都是祈使句可知， 本段
的主旨与接受不舒适相关， C 选项中 uncomfortable 对应后文 comfortable。故 C 选项“接受不舒服”符合语境。
[2023·江苏省苏北七市高三二模]
Conscious (有意识的) living is not just a trend. 1 It is about being intentional with everything you do — your words, actions, beliefs, habits, and choices. Accepting conscious living takes some effort, but it is
worthwhile. Here are some ways you can achieve this goal.
●Be conscious about your time.
Time is the most precious thing because there is no way to live a moment again. 2 If you waste your precious hours doing negative things, you will regret it later. The first step for living consciously is to be wise about
your time. Be selective about things you spend it on, and allocate (分配) it for positive activities.
● 3
You cannot achieve them unless you understand your needs and intentions. It is easier said than done because most people fail to make an effort to know themselves. Spend time thinking over and knowing your strengths and weaknesses. Once you know yourself better, you can create a plan to work towards becoming more patient, honest,
and forgiving.
A ．Know yourself better.
B ．Accept the person you are.
C ．Life can be a lot better with the right decisions.
D ．It is a healthy choice that enables you to be happy.
E ．Pick it as a daily habit, and you will notice the difference.
F ．The way you spend your time determines the course of your life.
G ．The best way to build self-belief is by reflecting on your own thoughts.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何学会有意识地生活。
1 ．D 根据上文“Conscious (有意识的) living is not just a trend.(有意识的生活不仅仅是一种时尚)”中“not just” 可知，有意识的生活不仅仅是一种时尚，因此下文会更一进定义有意识的生活，D“It is a healthy choice that enables you to be happy.(它是一种健康的选择，能让你快乐)”提出有意识的生活还能带来快乐，与上文构成
递进关系，句中代词 it 指代上文中“Conscious (有意识的) living”。故选 D。
2 ．F 上文“Time is the most precious thing because there is no way to live a moment again.(时间是最宝贵的东西， 因为没有办法让一个瞬间重来)”分析了时间宝贵的原因，F 项“The way you spend your time determines the course of your life.(你如何利用时间， 决定了你的人生轨迹)”承接上文， 说明利用时间对人生的重意义， 照应
本段主题“Be conscious about your time.(要意识到你的时间)”，上下文语意连贯一致。故选 F。
3．A 设空处是本段标题， 根据下文“You cannot achieve them unless you understand your needs and intentions. It is easier said than done because most people fail to make an effort to know themselves. Spend time thinking over and knowing your strengths and weaknesses. Once you know yourself better, you can create a plan to work towards becoming more patient, honest, and forgiving.(除非你了解自己的需求和意图， 否则你无法实现这些目标。这说 起来容易做起来难，因为大多数人都没有努力去了解自己。花点时间思考并了解自己的优点和缺点。一旦 你更了解自己， 你就可以制定一个计划， 让自己变得更有耐心、诚实和宽容)”可知， 本段主要讲要去了解自
己，所以 A 项“Know yourself better.(更好地了解自己)”是最佳标题。故选 A。
【2023·安徽省皖江联盟高三最后一卷联考】
39
____
Ask yourself why so many people are drawn to countless travel trips or destinations. Even if you disagree with everything that travel agencies say, exploring the viewpoints might explain why some routes that don’t seem valid to you appeal to others. This will allow you to explore alternatives, evaluate your own choices, and ultimately help
you make more informed decisions.
A ．Explore other points of view.
B ．Apply the information collected.
C ．In other words, get to know what you’re looking for.
D ．Then what about the long-term environmental effects
E ．But it can help us increase the number of positive choices we make.
F ．Therefore, ask yourself about what interests you most and what is needed.
G ．It helps you weigh different options, moving you closer to a wiser decision.
39 ．A 该题是标题选择。结合下文“Even if you disagree with everything that travel agencies say, exploring the viewpoints might explain why some routes that don’t seem valid to you appeal to others.(即使你不同意旅行社所 说的一切， 探索这些观点也可能解释为什么一些对你来说似乎无效的路线会吸引其他人。)”可知， 要去探索
他人的观点。这与选项 A 项“Explore other points of view (探索他人的观点)”相一致，故选 A。
考点三 段落间的过渡句
(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷 ·节选)
Parisians are different from you and me. They never look lazy or untidy. As someone noted in this paper a couple of weeks ago, they eat great food and never gain weight. 38.The food is so delicious that you don't need much of it to make you happy.French strawberries do not taste like cardboard. Instead, they explode in your mouth
like little flavor bombs.
39 On our first morning in Paris, I went around the corner to the food market to pick up some groceries. I bought a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon. My husband and I agreed they were
the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cost $18!
In France, quality of life is much more important than efficiency (效率) ．You can tell this by café life. French cafés are always crowded. 40. Not all the customers are tourists.When do these people work The French take their
35-hour workweek seriously — so seriously that some labor unions recently struck a deal with a group of
companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call.
B ．The quality of life in France is equally excellent.
C ．There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.
D ．The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
E ．That's not the only reason the French eat less than we do.
F ．Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.
【解析】 根据空处所在的位置可知，该空是承上启下的过渡句。设空处的上一段介绍了法国人吃得 少的一个原因是他们的食物美味，根据空后内容可知，该段主要讲述的是法国人吃得少的另一个原因，即 水果价格昂贵。设空处应起到承上启下的过渡作用。分析选项可知，E 项符合语境，且该项中的 That 指代
上文论述的原因。
[2023·湖北省十一校第二次联考]
If you’ve had a bad night’s sleep, or you’ve just got too much to do, the last thing you want to be told is to “be
positive!” 1 .
Of course, developing a positive attitude is easier said than done -it doesn’t come naturally to everyone. When you’re feeling down, it is hard to be optimistic. But a study has found that people who are optimists are more likely
to live longer than those who have a more negative approach to life. So, maybe once you think of a longer life,
2
____
The study concluded that optimists may find it easier to control emotions and get less stressed. And as stress impacts on the immune system, 3 . Professor Lewina Lee from Boston University said: “Our findings speak to the possibility that raising levels of optimism may promote longevity and healthy aging. ”And she advises
that pessimists could benefit from doing things like imagining a future where everything turns out well.
But if you’re a ‘glass half empty’ type of person, could seeing the world through rose-tinted glasses work for you Every bean has its black. 4 Some people say it’s best to celebrate the positives and ignore the
negative parts of our lives.
5 . Vicki Siska says “Music feeds my soul, a sense of humour keeps things in perspective”. Pippa Kennedy says “being grateful for what you have!” Other people recommend doing yoga and meditation as well as
staying fit to help maintain a positive outlook on life.
A ．Accepting this helps us control our emotions
B ．Accept it and make efforts to improve yourself
C ．it’s possible that optimists better handle infections
D ．But having this mindset could have many benefits
E ．But it could help you have a positive outlook on life
F ．it might encourage you to have a more hopeful outlook on life
G ．People have their personal advice on keeping a positive approach to life
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。保持乐观的生活态度有助于你长寿和控制情绪等好处以及保持乐观的生
活态度的几点建议。
1．D 根据上文“If you’ve had a bad night’s sleep, or you’ve just got too much to do, the last thing you want to be told is to “be positive!” (如果你晚上睡得不好， 或者你有太多事情要做， 你最不想被告知的就是“保持积极！ ”)”并 结合下文介绍保持乐观的心态可以让你长寿, 更容易控制情绪和减少压力等好处可知， 虽然不想被告知要“保 持积极”，但事实上“保持积极”这种心态有很多好处。D 项“But having this mindset could have many benefits(但
拥有这种心态会有很多好处)”符合题意，承上启下。故选 D。
2．F 空处位于段末应承接上文。根据上文“When you’re feeling down, it is hard to be optimistic. But a study has found that people who are optimists are more likely to live longer than those who have a more negative approach to life. So, maybe once you think of a longer life, (当你情绪低落时，很难乐观。但一项研究发现，乐观主义者比 消极主义者更有可能长寿。所以， 也许一旦你想到长寿)”可知， 虽然情绪低落时很难保持乐观， 但一想到乐 观可以长寿， 这可能鼓励我们看生活积极的一面，对生活充满希望。F 项“it might encourage you to have a more hopeful outlook on life(它可能会鼓励你对生活有更大的希望)”符合题意，选项和上句是明显的因果关系。故
选 F。
3．C 根据上文“The study concluded that optimists may find it easier to control emotions and get less stressed. And as stress impacts on the immune system,(研究得出的结论是， 乐观主义者可能会发现更容易控制情绪， 压力更 小。随着压力对免疫系统的影响)”推知， 空处应陈述当压力影响免疫系统时， 乐观主义者更擅长处理由此引 起的疾病或不适症状。C 项“it’s possible that optimists better handle infections(乐观主义者有可能更好地处理感
染)”符合题意，与上文衔接自然， infections 呼应上文的 immune system。故选 C。
4．A 根据上文“But if you’re a ‘glass half empty’ type of person, could seeing the world through rose-tinted glasses work for you Every bean has its black.(但如果你是一个“半空的杯子”类型的人，那么透过玫瑰色的眼镜看世
界对你有用吗 人人都有缺点)”和下文“Some people say it’s best to celebrate the positives and ignore the negative
parts of our lives.(有些人说，最好是庆祝我们生活中积极的一面，而忽略我们生活中消极的部分)”可知，人 人都有缺点，我们应该庆祝生活中积极的一面。由此可知，我们应该接受人都不完美，这样能控制好自己 的情绪， 在更大程度上做一个积极的人。A 项“Accepting this helps us control our emotions(接受这一点有助于
我们控制自己的情绪)”符合题意， this 指代上文的“Every bean has its black.”。故选 A。
5．G 空处位于段首， 是本段主旨句。根据下文“Vicki Siska says “Music feeds my soul, a sense of humour keeps things in perspective”. Pippa Kennedy says “being grateful for what you have!” Other people recommend doing yoga and meditation as well as staying fit to help maintain a positive outlook on life.(Vicki Siska 说：“音乐滋养着 我的灵魂，幽默感让事情保持正确的视角。 ”Pippa Kennedy：“要感激你所拥有的！ ”其他人建议做瑜伽、冥 想以及保持健康， 以帮助保持积极的人生观)”可知， 本段主要介绍人们对如何保持乐观态度的个人建议。G 项“People have their personal advice on keeping a positive approach to life(人们对保持积极的生活方式有自己的
个人建议)”可以作为本段主旨句，下文是对本句的举例说明。故选 G。
过关检测
（2023·湖南长沙 ·雅礼中学校考三模）Active listening is a valuable skill in which the listener makes a con scious effort to understand the speaker’s entire message. Below are five benefits of active listening and w
hat they can do for you at work.
Active listening can help achieve understanding. The conflict resolution skills of different people vary. 1 Very often we only hear what we want to hear. However, being able to understand another point of view
completely can avoid many potentially negative outcomes.
Active listening can resolve conflict. People involved in conflict often feel misunderstood. 2 If you aim to resolve conflicts at work, and encourage others to do the same, you must begin by listening to the opposing
point of view objectively.
Active listening is an essential part of learning. 3 Active listening is a skill that allows you to
acquire the knowledge which could lead your company into a better future.
4 Listening to the whole message means you’re engaging on a deeper level with the speaker. It allows you to absorb more precise details from the conversation itself. If you’re receiving instructions or training,
you will be able to recall details more easily.
Active listening can help you become a good leader. As a leader, when you listen to what your followers have
to say, you understand them better. 5 You’ll be able to work out with colleagues or employees about
where improvements can be made for the benefit of all involved.
A ．Active listening can help in dealing with emergencies.
B ．In turn, your workplace communication skills will improve.
C ．Leaders should always be open to exploring something new.
D ．Active listening will help avoid missing important information.
E ．Some people naturally know how to step into someone else’s shoes.
F ．The reason they argue is that they don’t fully know each other’s positions.
G ．It’s easy to become distracted when someone is speaking to us in a workplace.
【答案】 1 ．E 2 ．F 3 ．C 4 ．D 5 ．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了积极主动倾听他人的好处。
1．根据前句“The conflict resolution skills of different people vary. (不同的人解决冲突的技巧是不同的。)”可知， 前后句存在解释关系， 说明有些人很自然地就知道如何站在别人的角度考虑问题。所以选择项 E“Some people
naturally know how to step into someone else’s shoes. (有些人天生就知道如何换位思考。 )”符合上下文语境。
故选 E。
2 ．根据前句“People involved in conflict often feel misunderstood. (卷入冲突的人常常感到被误解。 )”可知， 前 后句存在因果关系，说明冲突的理由是因为他们没有完全了解对方的立场。所以选择项 F“The reason they argue is that they don’t fully know each other’s positions. (他们争论的原因是他们不完全了解对方的立场。 )”符
合上下文语境。故选 F。
3 ．根据后句“Active listening is a skill that allows you to acquire the knowledge which could lead your company into a better future. (积极倾听是一种技能，它可以让你获得知识，从而带领你的公司走向更美好的未来。 )” 可知， 前后句存在递进关系， 说明作为领导者应该对学习新事物持开放的态度。所以选择项 C“Leaders should always be open to exploring something new. (领导者应该总是乐于探索新事物。 )”符合上下文语境。故选 C 。 4 ．根据后文“Listening to the whole message means you’re engaging on a deeper level with the speaker. It allows you to absorb more precise details from the conversation itself. If you’re receiving instructions or training, you will be able to recall details more easily. (倾听整个信息意味着你在更深层次上与演讲者交流。它能让你从谈话中吸
收更精确的细节。如果你正在接受指导或培训， 你就能更容易地回忆起细节。)”可知， 本段主要讲积极主动
倾听他人会避免遗漏重要的信息， D 项与本段内容吻合， 总领该段。所以选择项 D“Active listening will help
avoid missing important information. (积极倾听是学习的重要组成部分。 )”符合上下文语境。故选 D。
5．根据前句“As a leader, when you listen to what your followers have to say, you understand them better. (作为一 名领导者， 当你倾听下属的想法时， 你就能更好地理解他们。)”可知， 选项内容与本段前句的内容存在递进
关系，说明领导通过倾听下属的想法，你的沟通技巧会得到提高。所以选择项 B“In turn, your workplace
communication skills will improve. (反过来，你的职场沟通技巧也会提高。 )”符合上下文语境。故选 B。
（2023·云南 · 云南师大附中校考模拟预测） How to Overcome Fear
Everyone experiences fear sometimes. Fear can actually help keep you safe by alerting you to potentially dangerous situations. 6 . Fortunately, there are things you can do to address your fears and minimize the
impact it has on you.
7 . It is quite normal to fear. However, when fears begin to take over your life and affect your
functioning, they become a problem. Reflect on your fears and notice how much they affect your life.
Realize that it’s okay to have fears. Fear is an adaptive function that prolongs our lives. Fear triggers a
“fight-or-flight” response, which readies our bodies to take action in order to protect ourselves.
Understand your triggers. Is it something obvious, like the sight of a snake on a trail Figure out everything
that triggers your fear. 8 .
Imagine the outcome you desire. Now that you better understand your fear, think about what exactly you
want to change. 9 . How do you feel
Practice engaging with the fear. The power to label your emotions is beneficial for self-understanding and
emotional intelligence.
Make your fear a source of fascination. Try to re-frame your fear in a positive light and acknowledge the thrill it can offer. When you start seeing fear as a source of energy, you might even embrace its role in your life.
10 . Once the discomfort of the initial wave of fear passes, examine it more closely to see what you can learn.
A ．However, there are times when fear runs overwhelming and disturbs your daily life
B ．Start seeing fear as an opportunity
C ．Recognize when fears become overwhelming
D ．The more you can know about your fear, the better
E ．Think about yourself experiencing life without your fear
F ．Figure out exactly what power your fear has over your mind and behavior
G ．Acknowledge what comes up with no attachment to “good” or “bad”
【答案】6 ．A 7 ．C 8 ．D 9 ．E 10 ．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几种应对恐惧的方法。
6 ．下文“Fortunately, there are things you can do to address your fears and minimize the impact it has on you.(幸运 的是， 你可以做一些事情来解决你的恐惧， 并将其对你的影响降至最低)”可知， 恐惧是可以解决的， A 项“然 而， 有时恐惧会压倒一切， 扰乱你的日常生活”和下文构成内容上的转折关系， 指出生活中虽然有恐惧的危
害，但是幸运的是你可以作一些事情来解决恐惧。故选 A 项。
7．下文“It is quite normal to fear. However, when fears begin to take over your life and affect your functioning, they become a problem.(恐惧是很正常的。然而，当恐惧开始占据你的生活并影响你的表现时，它们就会成为一 个问题)”可知， 本段介绍了你需要甄别恐惧感的水平， C 项“甄别恐惧感何时变得势不可挡”是对本段内容的
概括总结，为本段的主题句。故选 C 项。
8．上文“Is it something obvious, like the sight of a snake on a trail Figure out everything that triggers your fear.(这 是不是很明显， 比如看到一条蛇在路上？找出引发你恐惧的一切)”可知， 你要了解引发你恐惧的原因， D 项 “你对自己的恐惧了解得越多越好”和上文构成内容上的承接， 指出找出恐惧的原因后要对其进行了解。故选
D 项。
9．上文“Imagine the outcome you desire.(想象一下你想要的结果)”可知， 本段主要讲述的是想象你需要的结 果， E 项“想想自己在没有恐惧的情况下体验生活” 中的 life without your fear 是对上文中的 the outcome you
desire 的具体解释，指明想要的结果就是在没有恐惧的情况下体验生活，故选 E 项。
10 ．上文“When you start seeing fear as a source of energy, you might even embrace its role in your life.(当你开始 将恐惧视为一种能量来源时， 你甚至可能会接受它在你生活中的作用)”和 B 项“开始将恐惧视为一个机会”构
成因果关系，因为恐惧可以视为一种能量来源，会对人们产生益处，所以可以开始将恐惧是为一次机会。
故选 B 项。
（2023·湖南娄底 · 统考模拟预测）University life is full of fun and experiences. But to make learning much more enjoyable, you should follow certain steps that will help you out in keeping your stress level down and having
the most of the fun in the university.
Always get involved in the events. Doing something every day is very important not only in the university life
but also in the practical life. 11 Be active and smart. Join the societies, which will help you develop
personality and increase your confidence.
Always show up. Showing people that you are there with them and always will be. Offer help to everybody. In
this way more people will know you and you will be able to wipe off your fear of social interaction. 12
Make as many friends as possible. Don’t restrict yourself in making friends; it will help increase your knowledge. You will learn a lot about different cultures and this will help you with your practical life too. By
communicating with different people you’ ll learn different interesting aspects of their lives.
13 If you keep thinking all the time about future, you will end up being depressed. You start losing your focus and begin to worry about less important things. 14 Release your stress and be
present-focused. It will greatly help you in accomplishing your goals and achieving happiness.
Keep a balance. 15 Being extreme in one field might bring astonishing results, but this will affect other aspects of your life. Keep a balance between short-term goals and long-term benefits. This will help you in
achieving a perfect and enjoyable life.
A ．Do not waste time doing nothing.
B ．Just relax and stop thinking about the future.
C ．Never move towards the extreme and try living an average life.
D ．Be present-focused.
E ．Some students may like to have many friends and enjoy a party lifestyle.
F ．The more people you know, the easier it will be for you to walk around without being shy.
G ．Nobody cares if you miss class, don’t eat properly, nor don’t go to a party.
【答案】 11 ．A 12 ．F 13 ．D 14 ．B 15 ．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍如何在大学里释放压力，获得更多快乐。
11 ．由上文“Doing something every day is very important not only in the university life but also in the practical
life. (每天做一些事情不仅在大学生活中非常重要，在现实生活中也是如此。 )”可知，此处表示不要无所事 事，而 A 项 Do not waste time doing nothing.(不要浪费时间无所事事。 )符合语境，其中的 doing nothing 与
上文 Doing something 相呼应。故选 A 项。
12 ．由上文“In this way more people will know you and you will be able to wipe off your fear of social interaction.
(这样，更多的人会了解你，你就能消除对社交的恐惧。 )”可知，此处表示你了解的人越多，你越容易和人
们接触，就越不会感觉害羞。而 F 项 The more people you know, the easier it will be for you to walk around
without being shy.(你认识的人越多， 你就越容易不害羞地四处走动。)符合语境， 其中 being shy 和上文 your
fear of social interaction 对应。故选 F 项。
13 ．由下文“If you keep thinking all the time about future, you will end up being depressed. (若你们一直在思考未 来，你们最终会感到沮丧。 )”以及“Release your stress and be present-focused. (释放压力，专注于当下。 )”可 知， 本段作者强调不要过多担心未来， 而应着手现在。而 D 项 Be present-focused(专注于当下)符合语境， 对
下文有总结作用，符合为段落的主题句。故选 D 项。
14 ．由下文“Release your stress and be present-focused. (释放压力，专注于当下。 )”可知，此处表示放松，不 要想着未来。而 B 项 Just relax and stop thinking about the future.(放松一下， 别再想着未来了。)符合语境， 其
中 Just relax 与下文 Release your stress 对应。故选 B 项。
15 ．由下文“Being extreme in one field might bring astonishing results, but this will affect other aspects of your
life. (在一个领域表现极端可能会带来惊人的结果， 但这会影响你生活的其他方面。 )” 可知， 此处表示不要 走极端，尽量过普通的生活。而 C 项 Never move towards the extreme and try living an average life.(永远不要 走向极端，试着过普通的生活。 )符合语境，其中 move towards the extreme 与下文 Being extreme 对应。故
选 C 项。
（2023·四川·模拟预测）If you feel that life cannot be worse for you, it’ll be arduous to think positively. When stressed, dampened, hurt in a passive state of mind, for you’re aware that misfortune keeps taking place nonstop,
it’s highly crucial to convert passive thoughts into something uplifting. 16 .
It’s often difficult to think positively if most things abound you are passive, yet assure yourself that definitely someone is even worse than you. 17 . When you kick off with one small but positive thing and adore it during the course of your day, you’ll start to get into a more positive situation and hence people could begin turning up in your life and be a vital part of your life.With sincere appreciation, you’ll find out that as time lapses, you’ll be
able to change your values and choose to embrace happiness despite those bad events about you. 18 .
●Commence and conclude each day with a sentence of appreciation like “Thank you for having me a fabulous
and fresh day.”
●When your boss pushed you too hard to accept, soliloquize yourself: I feel thankful for the current employment, for I understand that at least there have still been so many peers competing fiercely to vie for
employment.”
● If you are have health-related problems, appreciate all that still do work: your eyes see,your ears hear, and
your brain thinks so on and so forth.
●Write down anything for which you’re grateful per day. When you’re really let down, read aloud and loudly what you wrote during the last days,weeks, months,etc. 19 . If you can keep practising this in a regular
manner, you’ll ultimately find what you’ve been pursuing for so long.
Anyway, the very key is to get yourself dive into cheerful thoughts and ideas and then maintain them for long
enough so as to attain the power of appreciation. 20 .
A ．This will help uplift your spirits.
B ．If not, you’ll only induce more misfortunes.
C ．It’s of vital importance to demonstrate your gratitude.
D ．The more you appreciate, the more delighted you’ll feel.
E ．You’ve made quite a few achievements during your career.
F ．Here are a few general instances for you to practise.
G ．You could choose to consider differently by means of starting with the smallest steps.
【答案】 16 ．B 17 ．G 18 ．F 19 ．A 20 ．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述的是幸福起源于感激并提出了几条常见的训练感激的方法。
16 ．根据空前的“When stressed, dampened, hurt in a passive state of mind, for you’re aware that misfortune keeps taking place nonstop, it’s highly crucial to convert passive thoughts into something uplifting.(当你处于紧张、沮丧、
受伤的消极心态时，因为你知道不幸总是不停地发生，把消极的想法转变成令人振奋的事情是非常重要
的。 )”可知，在遭遇不幸的时候，将消极的想法转变成积极的想法是非常重要的， B 选项“If not, you’ll only induce more misfortunes.(否则， 你只会招来更多的不幸。)”讲述的内容与空前内容相对应， 符合语境。故选 B
项。
17．根据空前的“It’s often difficult to think positively if most things abound you are passive, yet assure yourself that definitely someone is even worse than you.(如果大多数事情都是被动的， 你通常很难积极地思考， 但一定要相 信肯定有人比你更糟糕。)”可知， 如果始终处于被动的情况， 想要积极思考有很大的困难， 而空后的“When
you kick off with one small but positive thing and adore it during the course of your day, you’ll start to get into a
more positive situation and hence people could begin turning up in your life and be a vital part of your life.(当你开
始做一件小而积极的事情，并在一天中热爱它，你会开始进入一个更积极的情况，因此，人们可能会开始
出现在你的生活中， 成为你生活中至关重要的一部分。)”提到了， 当从一些小的积极的事情开始做起， 可能 会进入到下一个积极的环境中， 由此可推断， 此空处应提到从小事做起开始转变， G 选项“You could choose to consider differently by means of starting with the smallest steps.(您可以选择从最小的步骤开始进行不同的考 虑。)”中的 starting with the smallest steps 与空后的 kicking off with one small but positive thing 相吻合， 且内容
吻合。故选 G 项。
18．分析语篇并结合下文中的“Commence and conclude each day with a sentence of appreciation like “Thank you for having me a fabulous and fresh day.”(每天开始和结束的时候都要说一句感谢的话，比如“谢谢你让我度过 了美好而清新的一天。 ”)”等内容可知， 此处应为引出下文中的提供的练习例子， F 选项“Here are a few general
instances for you to practise.(这里有几个通用的例子供你练习。 )”的内容引出下文，符合题意。故选 F 项。
19 ．根据空前的“When you’re really let down, read aloud and loudly what you wrote during the last days, weeks, months, etc.(当你真的失望的时候，大声朗读你在过去的几天、几周、几个月里写的东西。 )”可知，建议在
失望的时候，大声朗读自己写的让你感激的内容，结合空后的“If you can keep practising this in a regular
manner, you’ll ultimately find what you’ve been pursuing for so long.(如果你能坚持定期练习，你最终会发现你 一直在追求的是什么。)”可知，此空处讲述的是大声朗读自己所写内容会带来什么效果， A 选项“This will help uplift your spirits.(这将有助于提升你的精神。)”中的 this 指代的与上文中的“大声朗读自己写的内容”相吻合，
且提出这样做的效果，与空前内容吻合。故选 A 项。
20．此空处位于文章最后， 应是对本文的概括总结， 根据空前的“Anyway, the very key is to get yourself dive into cheerful thoughts and ideas and then maintain them for long enough so as to attain the power of appreciation.(无论 如何， 关键是让自己沉浸在快乐的思想和想法中， 然后保持它们足够长的时间， 以获得感激的力量。)”可知，
无论如何， 要上自己沉浸在快乐中， 让其保持足够长的时间， 以获取欣赏带来的力量， D 选项“The more you
appreciate, the more delighted you’ll feel.(你越感激，你就会感到越快乐。 )”中的 appreciate 对应空前的
appreciation，且讲述的内容承接了空前的内容，并总结概括了全文。故选 D 项。
（2023·云南保山 · 统考二模） Trees, plants and flowers are all around us and we enjoy their beauty every day. We are so used to them that we may even take them for granted without realising how much inspiration they have
given us. In fact, nature has inspired many of the most fascinating designs around us. 21
People who are interested in exploring the relationship between art and science will enjoy Singapore’s ArtScience Museum. Shaped like a lotus flower, it appears to float above the waterfront promenade(滨海步道) with the water surrounding it. Its roof collects rainwater and channels it 35 metres down to a waterfall in the centre of
the space. 22 Visitors are often amazed to find themselves in an urban building that so truly captures the
beauty of natural forms.
Based on the form and process of termite(白蚁) mounds(土堆), Harare’s Eastgate Centre is a superb example of biomimicry(仿生学). It has a “skin” covered in holes. 23 At night, the heat absorbed by the wall during the day warms the cool air, creating a suitable temperature so that people can stay inside comfortably. The design
reduces the need for traditional air conditioning and heating systems, saving a lot of energy and costs.
24 The surface of the apartment building is covered in panels that contain algae. The panels can capture heat from the sun and convert it into energy that powers the building. And that’s not all — the algae inside the panels can be harvested and used to produce fuel. Therefore, the building not only uses less energy, but also
reduces damage to the environment.
Great buildings like these enables us to live in closer harmony with nature. 25 It may be challenging to meet the needs of today while protecting the world of tomorrow, but even the simplest organisms can help teach
us how to achieve this.
A ．It is also presented in various architectural designs.
B ．What we need is to seek more inspiration from nature.
C ．The holes are designed to allow air to move freely in and out.
D ．The world’s first algae-powered building is in Hamburg, Germany.
E ．The water is then recycled through the building’s plumbing system.
F ．During the day, warm air is drawn into the building through the holes.
G ．The design shows the connection between people and modern city environment.
【答案】21 ．A 22 ．E 23 ．F 24 ．D 25 ．B
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了几个融入自然元素的建筑设计。
21 ．根据上文“Trees, plants and flowers are all around us and we enjoy their beauty every day. We are so used to
them that we may even take them for granted without realising how much inspiration they have given us. In fact,
nature has inspired many of the most fascinating designs around us. (树木、植物和花朵都在我们身边， 我们每天 都在欣赏它们的美丽。我们已经习惯了它们，甚至可能认为它们是理所当然的，而没有意识到它们给了我
们多少灵感。事实上，大自然激发了我们周围许多最迷人的设计。 )”和下文“People who are interested in
exploring the relationship between art and science will enjoy Singapore’s ArtScience Museum. (有兴趣探索艺术
与科学之间关系的人将欣赏新加坡艺术科学博物馆。)”可知， 文章接下来要介绍的是大自然科学和建筑艺术
的结合。选项 A“它也出现在各种建筑设计中。 ”和上下文意思一致。故选 A。
22 ．根据上文“People who are interested in exploring the relationship between art and science will enjoy
Singapore’s ArtScience Museum. Shaped like a lotus flower, it appears to float above the waterfront promenade(滨
海步道) with the water surrounding it. Its roof collects rainwater and channels it 35 metres down to a waterfall in
the centre of the space. (有兴趣探索艺术与科学之间关系的人将欣赏新加坡艺术科学博物馆。它的形状像一朵
莲花，漂浮在海滨长廊的上方，周围环绕着水。它的屋顶收集雨水，并将其引导至 35 米深的空间中心瀑
布。 )”可知，这里介绍新加坡艺术科学博物馆收集雨水并加以利用的特点。选项 E“然后，水通过大楼的管
道系统循环使用。 ”和上文意思一致。故选 E。
23 ．根据下文“At night, the heat absorbed by the wall during the day warms the cool air, creating a suitable
temperature so that people can stay inside comfortably. (晚上， 白天墙壁吸收的热量会温暖凉爽的空气， 创造出 合适的温度， 让人们可以舒适地呆在室内。)”可知， 这里应该是介绍了该建筑物早晚的温度调节。选项 F“白
天，温暖的空气通过小孔吸入大楼。 ”和下文意思一致。故选 F。
24．根据下文“The surface of the apartment building is covered in panels that contain algae. The panels can capture
heat from the sun and convert it into energy that powers the building. And that’s not all — the algae inside the
panels can be harvested and used to produce fuel. (公寓楼的表面覆盖着含有藻类的嵌板。太阳能电池板可以吸 收太阳的热量，并将其转化为能源，为建筑提供动力。这还不是全部——面板内的藻类可以被收获并用于 生产燃料。 )”可知，这一段介绍了利用藻类提供动力的建筑。选项 D“世界上第一座以藻类为动力的建筑位
于德国汉堡。 ”和下文意思一致。故选 D。
25．根据上文“Great buildings like these enables us to live in closer harmony with nature. (像这样的伟大建筑使我 们能够与自然和谐相处。)”和下文“It may be challenging to meet the needs of today while protecting the world of tomorrow, but even the simplest organisms can help teach us how to achieve this. (在保护明天的世界的同时满足 今天的需求可能是一项挑战， 但即使是最简单的生物也可以帮助我们实现这一目标。)”可知， 这里在总结人 类把建筑艺术和大自然结合在一起的成就，但是还需要更加努力。选项 B“我们需要的是从大自然中寻求更
多的灵感。 ”和上下文意思一致。故选 B。
（2023·广东广州 · 统考二模 ）What makes a work of architecture great Most people would argue that aesthetics (美感) are the most important. 26 However, Roman architect Marcus Vitruvius Pollio believed that we should also consider durability and function when assessing a structure. The Rostonville Library in my city
is a great example of Vitruvius’s principles.
Constructed entirely of granite—a hard and tough stone, the library is durable. It can withstand environmental pollution. For example, it is resistant to acid rain. Moreover, its granite structure is stable so it’s more likely to
survive an earthquake. 27 It uses solar energy for heating and a rooftop garden for cooling.
28 Providing free access to print and digital information, it conveys a feeling of openness and accessibility. Furthermore, the entire library is on one level, and it has an open design—there are no inner walls or dividers. In addition, large windows let in plenty of natural light, so it’s easy to see and get to each department
within the library.
Finally, the library is beautiful, with aesthetically pleasing details both inside and out. The large windows are copper-framed (铜框的). The copper color provides an interesting contrast against the color of the granite structure and it will remain as the copper ages. Growth from the rooftop garden, which reaches down the sides of the
building, adds to the aesthetics of the building. 29
Durability, functionality and beauty make the Rostonville Library a great structure. Architects who follow
Vitruvius’s principles help to make the city more pleasant to live in. 30
A ．The library is also sustainable.
B ．It is true that beauty is critical.
C ．This is not the only concern of the architects.
D ．The library was designed with functionality in mind.
E ．It softens the lines of the structure and helps it to fit into its natural surroundings.
F ．Plus ，the library was built on the edge of the city park ，surrounded by native plants.
G ．Buildings that fulfill these criteria offer both peace of mind and beauty for their users.
【答案】26 ．B 27 ．A 28 ．D 29 ．E 30 ．G
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了伟大建筑作品除了具有美感以外，还要有耐久性和功能性。
26 ．上文“Most people would argue that aesthetics(美感)are the most important.(大多数人会认为美感是最重要
的。 )”说明美感的重要性。选项 B“的确，美是至关重要的”承接上文，是对上文的肯定。同时引出下文
“However, Roman architect Marcus Vitruvius Pollio believed that we should also consider durability and function when assessing a structure.(然而，罗马建筑师 Marcus Vitruvius Pollio 认为，在评估结构时，我们还应该考虑
耐久性和功能。 )”，与之构成转折关系。选项 B 起到承上启下的作用，故选 B 项。
27 ．下文“It uses solar energy for heating and a rooftop garden for cooling.(它使用太阳能供暖，屋顶花园制
冷。)”介绍图书馆使用可持续能源的具体做法。选项 A“图书馆也是可持续的” 引出下文， 说明图书馆使用的
能源是可持续的。下文中 It 指选项中 The library，语义一致，故选 A 项。
28 ．下文“ Providing free access to print and digital information, it conveys a feeling of openness and accessibility.
Furthermore, the entire library is on one level, and it has an open design—there are no inner walls or dividers. In
addition, large windows let in plenty of natural light, so it’s easy to see and get to each department within the
library.(提供免费的印刷和数字信息，它传达了一种开放和无障碍的感觉。此外，整个图书馆都在同一层， 它有一个开放的设计——没有内墙或隔板。此外，大窗户让充足的自然光进入，所以很容易看到和到达图 书馆的每个部门。)”具体解释了图书馆的设计,充分考虑到了其功能， 选项 D“图书馆的设计考虑到了功能”概
括本段大意。故选 D 项。
29．上文“Growth from the rooftop garden, which reaches down the sides of the building, adds to the aesthetics of the building.(从屋顶花园一直延伸到建筑的两侧， 增加了建筑的美感。)”说明屋顶花园增加了建筑和自然环境的 联系， 选项 E“它软化了结构的线条， 有助于它融入自然环境”承接上文， 说明它的设计融入自然环境。故选
E 项。
30．上文“Durability, functionality and beauty make the Rostonville Library a great structure. Architects who follow Vitruvius’s principles help to make the city more pleasant to live in. (耐用性、功能性和美观性使罗斯顿维尔图书 馆成为一个伟大的建筑。遵循 Vitruvius 原则的建筑师帮助这座城市变得更加宜居。 )”介绍伟大的建筑的标 准，选项 G“满足这些标准的建筑为用户提供了内心的平静和美丽”承接上文， 进一步说明满足这些标准带来
的内在美。故选 G 项。
（2023·湖北 · 开滦第二中学校考模拟预测） 4 Traits to Look for in a Great Home Security System
When it comes to choosing a system to secure your home, you want to be sure that you are making the best decision possible. There are many different home security systems on the market. 31 We give a list of
the top 4 traits to look for in a great home security system.
32 There are many different systems on the market, and not all of them are created equal. When you
are looking for a home security system, you want to be sure that you are choosing a system with a good reputation.
It needs to have 24-hour monitoring. Especially if you are constantly traveling, using your home as a vacation rental, or are at risk of a medical emergency, it is important that your home security system offers 24-hour
monitoring. 33
It must have smart home capabilities. Nowadays, it is not enough to just have a home security system that
protects your property. 34 This way, you can control all of your devices from one central location and
receive alerts if something goes wrong.
It should be affordable. It is certain that you want to make sure that you buy a system of high quality. 35 There are many different home security systems on the market. Be sure to compare the features and benefits of each
system to find the one that fits your budget.
A ．It should have a good reputation.
B ．So how do you know which one is right for you
C ．But what should you do to protect your possessions
D ．It should be the one with the highest quality in the market.
E ．But you also want to be sure that the system you choose is affordable.
F ．This means that even if you are not at home, someone will always protect your home.
G ．Your system should also be able to be combined with your other smart home devices.
【答案】31 ．B 32 ．A 33 ．F 34 ．G 35 ．E
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了寻找一个好家庭安全系统的 4 个特点。
31 ．根据上文“When it comes to choosing a system to secure your home, you want to be sure that you are making the best decision possible. There are many different home security systems on the market.(当谈到选择一个系统来 保护你的家， 你要确保你正在做出最好的决定。市场上有许多不同的家庭安全系统)”以及后文“We give a list of the top 4 traits to look for in a great home security system.(我们列出了在一个伟大的家庭安全系统中最重要 的 4 个特征)”可知， 上文提到了市场上有许多不同的安全系统， 后文则列出了四个特征供人们参考， 说明本
句是在提出如何选择安全系统的问题，故 B 选项“那你怎么知道哪一个适合你呢？ ”符合语境，故选 B。
32．根据后文“There are many different systems on the market, and not all of them are created equal. When you are looking for a home security system, you want to be sure that you are choosing a system with a good reputation.(市
场上有许多不同的系统，并不是所有的系统都是平等的。当您在寻找家庭安全系统时，您要确保您选择的
系统具有良好的声誉)”可知，本段的主旨是选择声誉好的安全系统。 A 选项中 reputation 对应后文
reputation。故 A 选项“它应该有很好的声誉”符合语境，故选 A。
33 ．根据上文“Especially if you are constantly traveling, using your home as a vacation rental, or are at risk of a
medical emergency, it is important that your home security system offers 24-hour monitoring.(特别是如果你经常
旅行， 把你的家作为度假租赁， 或者有医疗紧急情况的风险， 你的家庭安全系统提供 24 小时监控是很重要 的)”可知，上文提到“你的家庭安全系统提供 24 小时监控是很重要的” ，本句为本段最后一句，故说明原因： 这意味着即使你不在家，也会有人保护你的家。故 F 选项“这意味着即使你不在家，也会有人保护你的家”
符合语境，故选 F。
34．根据后文“This way, you can control all of your devices from one central location and receive alerts if something goes wrong.(这样，你就可以从一个中心位置控制所有设备，并在出现问题时接收警报)”可知，后文提到了 控制设备，可知本句是在说明系统要和家具设备连接在一起， G 选项中 devices 对应后文 devices。故 G 选
项“你的系统还应该能够与你的其他智能家居设备相结合”符合语境，故选 G。
35 ．根据后文“There are many different home security systems on the market. Be sure to compare the features and benefits of each system to find the one that fits your budget.(市场上有许多不同的家庭安全系统。 一定要比较每 个系统的功能和优点， 以找到适合您预算的系统)”可知， 后文提到了选项适合你预算的系统， 说明要选择自
己买得起的安全系统。故 E 选项“但是你也要确保你选择的系统是负担得起的”符合语境，故选 E。
（2023·北京 · 校考一模） Play Helps Develop Bigger, Better Brains!
If play is not simply a way to have fun, for what other reasons has it developed 36 Earlier this year, Sergio Pellis of Lethbridge University, Canada, reported that there is a strong positive link between brain size
and playfulness among mammals in general. 37 The opposite was also found to be true.
According to John Byers of Idaho University, the timing of the playful stage in young animals provides an important clue to what’s going on. If you plot the amount of time a child devotes to play each day over the course of his development, you discover a pattern typically associated with a “sensitive period”—a brief development
window during which the brain can actually be adjusted in ways that are not possible earlier or later in life. 38
“People have not paid enough attention to the amount of the brain activated by play,” says Marc Bekoff from Colorado University. Bekoff studied coyote pups at play and found that the kind of behavior involved was obviously more variable and unpredictable than that of adults. He also reasons that such behavior activates many
different parts of the brain.
39 “There’s enormous cognitive involvement in play,” says Bekoff. He points out that play often involves complex assessments of playmates and the use of specialized signals and rules. He believes that play
creates a brain that has greater behavioral flexibility and improved potential for learning later in life. 40
A ．Play just lights everything up.
B ．The importance of playfulness is drawing more attention.
C ．The latest idea suggests that play has developed to build big brains.
D ．A popular explanation is that it helps children develop the skills they will later need.
E ．Think of the relative ease with which kids—but not babies or adults—absorb language.
F ．Not only is more of the brain involved in play, but it also activates higher cognitive processes.
G ．Comparing fifteen orders of mammals, his team found larger brains are linked to greater playfulness.
【答案】36 ．C 37 ．G 38 ．E 39 ．F 40 ．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。科学研究发现，哺乳动物的大脑大小与爱玩性之间普遍存在强烈的正相关，玩
耍不仅能让大脑更多地参与其中，还能激活更高层次的认知过程，文章对此进行了介绍。
36 ．根据后文“Earlier this year, Sergio Pellis of Lethbridge University, Canada, reported that there is a strong
positive link between brain size and playfulness among mammals in general.(今年早些时候，加拿大莱斯布里奇 大学的塞尔吉奥 ·佩利斯报告称，哺乳动物的大脑大小与爱玩性之间普遍存在强烈的正相关。 )”可知，此处 是讲玩耍有助于培养更大更好的大脑，所以选项 C“最新的观点认为，玩耍已经发展到可以塑造更大的大
脑。 ”切合文意。故选 C。
37 ．根据前文“Earlier this year, Sergio Pellis of Lethbridge University, Canada, reported that there is a strong
positive link between brain size and playfulness among mammals in general.(今年早些时候，加拿大莱斯布里奇 大学的塞尔吉奥 ·佩利斯报告称，哺乳动物的大脑大小与爱玩性之间普遍存在强烈的正相关。 )”和后文“The opposite was also found to be true.(相反的情况也同样成立。 )”可知，此处是指哺乳动物的大脑大小与爱玩性 之间存在正相关关系，所以选项 G“他的研究小组比较了 15 目哺乳动物，发现大脑越大，越爱玩。 ”切合文
意。故选 G。
38 ．根据前文“If you plot the amount of time a child devotes to play each day over the course of his development, you discover a pattern typically associated with a “sensitive period” — a brief development window during which the brain can actually be adjusted in ways that are not possible earlier or later in life.(如果你画出一个孩子在他的 成长过程中每天花在玩耍上的时间， 你会发现一个典型的与“敏感期”有关的模式——一个短暂的发展窗口期， 在这段时间里， 大脑实际上可以以早期或后期生活中不可能的方式进行调整。)”可知， 此处是讲孩子成长过 程中有一个大脑以早期或后期生活中不可能的方式进行调整的敏感期，所以选项 E“想想孩子们——而不是
婴儿或成人—— 吸收语言的相对容易程度。 ”切合文意。故选 E。
39 ．根据后文““There’s enormous cognitive involvement in play,” says Bekoff.(贝科夫说： “在玩耍中有大量的
认知参与。 ”)”可知， 此处是讲玩耍可以促进认知能力的发展， 所以选项 F“玩耍不仅能让大脑更多地参与其
中，还能激活更高层次的认知过程。 ”切合文意。故选 F。
40 ．根据前文“He points out that play often involves complex assessments of playmates and the use of specialized signals and rules. He believes that play creates a brain that has greater behavioral flexibility and improved potential for learning later in life.(他指出， 玩耍通常涉及对玩伴的复杂评估， 以及特殊信号和规则的使用。他认为， 玩 耍使大脑具有更大的行为灵活性， 并提高了以后学习的潜力。)”可知， 此处是讲玩耍对孩子大脑的发育起到
了至关重要的作用，所以选项 A“游戏点亮了一切。 ”切合文意。故选 A。
（2021·陕西汉中 · 统考模拟预测）Before you throw that old cell phone in the trash, or hide it away in a
drawer, think again. There are actually many ways to deal with a mobile phone that you are no longer using.
First, you should be aware that in many places, throwing away cell phones is actually illegal because the
batteries, especially in very old phones, can contain poisonous metals. 41 .
42 . In fact, most companies that recycle them get paid to do so. This had led to many charities making a small amount of money by collecting old phones. There are large organizations that will take unwanted phones.
However, you might also want to think locally.
Many schools and local charities now have recycling programs. And they do make a little bit on each donation. 43 , you might consider starting a small local one, perhaps for a local public school. Check first, since so many schools have gotten the jump on recycling them already. 44 , or smaller and better phones, there
are plenty of old cellphones just waiting for a place to land, and smart schools have provided that place.
You might also want to hang onto any accessories(配件)that you have. 45 . Continuing to use
A ．You certainly don’t need to pay to recycle an old cellphone
B ．There are better places to get rid of them than your trash can
C ．Things like chargers or covers can often be used with your new phone
D ．Local charities have contributed a lot in repairing unwanted phones
E ．As people move to bigger and better phones
F ．The saying that one man’s trash is another man’s treasure certainly applies
G ．If you can’t find a large cell phone recycling program in your area
【答案】41 ．B 42 ．A 43 ．G 44 ．E 45 ．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。讲述了对废旧手机的循环利用，例如废旧手机应该安置在哪里、旧手机的配件
可以继续使用。
41 ．根据上一句“First, you should be aware that in many places, throwing away cell phones is actually illegal
because the batteries, especially in very old phones, can contain poisonous metals. （首先，你应该意识到，在许 多地方， 扔掉手机实际上是非法的， 因为电池， 尤其是非常旧的手机， 可能含有有毒金属。） ”可知， 不能 将旧手机随意丢弃，且下文介绍了处理旧手机的方式，选项 B.There are better places to get rid of them than
your trash can （有比垃圾桶更好的地方来处理它们。）符合文意，故选 B。
42．根据空后一句“In fact, most companies that recycle them get paid to do so. （事实上， 大多数回收它们的公 司都是靠回收来赚钱的。） ”可知，我们不需要花钱回收旧手机，以及后一句提到的 pay 和选项的 pay 一致， 选项 A.You certainly don’t need to pay to recycle an old cell phone（你当然不需要为回收旧手机付费）符合文
意，故选 A。
43 ．根据空后一句“ you might consider starting a small local one, perhaps for a local public school.( 你可以考虑 在当地或是为当地的公立学校开办一个小型的(手机回收站) 。)”可知， 前面表示一种假设， 没有回收项目的 情况下怎样做，选项 G.If you can’t find a large cellphone recycling program in your area, ( 如果你在你所在的
地区找不到一个大型的手机回收项目)符合文意，故选 G。
44 ．根据空后一句“ or smaller and better phones, there are plenty of old cellphones just waiting for a place to
land, and smart schools have provided that place.(或是更小更好的手机，有大量旧手机等着有地方安置，而聪 明的学校已经提供了这个地方)”可知， or 前面对比手机， 也用形容词比较级， 选项 E.As people move to bigger
and better phones (随着人们转向更大更好的手机)符合文意，故选 E。
45 ．根据上一句“You might also want to hang onto any accessories(配件)that you have. (你可能也想要保留你 所有的配件。) 可知， 保留住你所有的手机配件， 例如充电器或手机套， 如果继续在良好状态下使用配件是 一个明智的省钱的选择。选项 C. Things like chargers or covers can often be used with your new phone. （你的
新手机通常可以使用充电器或手机套。）符合语境，故选 C。
（2023· 四川 · 校考模拟预测 ）Adopting a pet is rapidly becoming the preferred option for many people wanting to add an animal companion. It’s true that many people are happy to part with thousands of dollars for
purebred(纯种的)dogs and cats. 46
Homeless animals can make wonderful pets. People often assume that dogs and cats end up in shelters because they’re unwanted or badly behaved. There are many reasons owners may need to re-home their pet-divorce,
hospitalization, or the time and money needed to care for a dog. 47
Adult animals have benefits. Shelters have a wide range of potential pets and there are many benefits from adopting a more mature dog or cat. Not starting from scratch helps avoid much of the craziness and mess associated with puppies. They will already be vaccinated, so you will have fewer start-up costs. 48 A young animal’s behaviour may still be developing, whereas an older animal’s personality and behaviour should be evident, so no
surprises.
49 You should only adopt a dog or cat from a trusted shelter or rescue group. Ethical establishments will have a behavioral trainer to assess the character of every dog and cat. The staff should ask you lots of questions to recommend the most suitable pet. Ongoing behaviour and training advice should be available, and you should be
able to return the pet if things don’t word out.
There’s something else to keep in mind. It’s important for you to only select a pet that will suit your lifestyle, not a pet you feel sorry for. 50 There’s a lot of responsibility associated with managing animals
appropriately.
A ．Pets not only provide but call for company.
B ．Animal experts discuss how to adopt a pet.
C ．Most importantly what you see is what you get.
D ．Choose an appropriate animal from a reliable source.
E ．Consider the pet’s suitability for your family and lifestyle.
F ．You need to think carefully about how you will care for it.
G ．Some dogs and cats become lost, are not identified and are never claimed.
【答案】46 ．B 47 ．G 48 ．C 49 ．D 50 ．F
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了动物专家提出的几条关于如何从救助中心领养宠物的建议。
46．根据前文的“Adopting a pet is rapidly becoming the preferred option for many people wanting to add an animal companion. It’s true that many people are happy to part with thousands of dollars for purebred dogs and cats. (收养 宠物正迅速成为许多想要增加动物伴侣的人的首选。的确，许多人很乐意为纯种狗和猫支付数千美元。 )可 知，很多人乐意花大钱购买纯种宠物， B 项 (动物专家给出了如何领养宠物的建议。 )与上文衔接通顺且总
起下文。故选 B。
47 ．根据前文的“Homeless animals can make wonderful pets. People often assume that dogs and cats end up in
shelters because they’re unwanted or badly behaved. There are many reasons owners may need to re-home their
pet-divorce, hospitalization, or the time and money needed to care for a dog.(无家可归的动物可以成为很好的宠 物。人们通常认为猫狗最终会被关进收容所，因为它们不受欢迎或行为不端。主人可能有很多理由需要重 新安置他们的宠物——离婚， 住院， 或者照顾一只狗需要时间和金钱。)”可知， 本段接下来要介绍动物到救
助中心的不同原因， G 项 (有些猫狗走失了，身份不明，也从来没有人认领过。 )符合语境。故选 G。
48 ．根据前文的“Adult animals have benefits. Shelters have a wide range of potential pets and there are many
benefits from adopting a more mature dog or cat. Not starting from scratch helps avoid much of the craziness and
mess associated with puppies. They will already be vaccinated, so you will have fewer start-up costs.(成年动物有 好处。收容所有很多潜在的宠物，收养一只更成熟的狗或猫有很多好处。不从头开始有助于避免小狗的疯 狂和混乱。他们已经接种了疫苗， 所以你的启动成本会更低。)”和下文的“A young animal’s behaviour may still be developing, whereas an older animal’s personality and behaviour should be evident, so no surprises.(幼年动物 的行为可能仍在发展中， 而年长动物的个性和行为应该是明显的， 所以这并不奇怪。)”可知， 我们所看到的 动物就是我们应该得到的宠物， 因此 C 项 (最重要的是， 你所看到的就是你所得到的。)符合语境。故选 C。 49 ．根据后文的“You should only adopt a dog or cat from a trusted shelter or rescue group. Ethical establishments will have a behavioral trainer to assess the character of every dog and cat. The staff should ask you lots of questions to recommend the most suitable pet. Ongoing behaviour and training advice should be available, and you should be able to return the pet if things don’t word out. (你只能从值得信赖的收容所或救援组织领养一只狗或猫。道德机 构将有一名行为训练师来评估每只狗和猫的性格。工作人员应该问你很多问题来推荐最合适的宠物。应该 提供持续的行为和训练建议， 如果事情没有进展， 你应该能够归还宠物。)”可知， 本段主要讲述的是从可靠
的来源处选择收养宠物， D 项 (从可靠的来源中选择合适的动物。 )符合语境。故选 D。
50．根据前文的“There’s something else to keep in mind. It’s important for you to only select a pet that will suit your lifestyle, not a pet you feel sorry for. (还有一些事情需要记住。重要的是，你选择一只适合你生活方式的宠物，
而不是一只你感到遗憾的宠物。 )”可知，选择了就要好好照顾，根据后文的“There’s a lot of responsibility
associated with managing animals appropriately. (适当管理动物有很多责任。)”可知，这也意味着要承担责任，
F 项(你需要仔细考虑你将如何照顾它。 )符合语境，故选 F 项。
（2024·云南 · 云南省下关第一中学校联考模拟预测）Are you someone who easily gets tired and doesn’t feel
like doing anything Do you label this kind of behavior as mere laziness 51
Feel disconnected from everything.
People experiencing exhaustion most commonly don’t feel like themselves anymore, don’t feel engaged by
anything and constantly struggle with the sense of helplessness and inability to take back control of their lives.
Used to be motivated and passionate.
A clear difference between someone who’s worn out and someone who’s lazy is that the tired people used to have things they were passionate about. 52 And even hate doing anything because of how much they
overworked themselves.
Become moody and annoyed.
Do you suddenly find yourself easily angry 53 If you start to have trouble controlling your emotions,
especially when it never used to be a problem for you, this might be the reason why.
54
One of the warning signs is that you start neglecting your self-care and socially keep away from others. You stop making an effort to dress up yourself or look good and you tend to spend most of your time by yourself doing
nothing.
Changes happen gradually.
Studies show that exhaustion develops in five major stages, according to degrees of severity. The honeymoon phase, the onset of stress, chronic stress, exhaustion and habitual exhaustion. By the time you reach the final stage,
exhaustion will make you suffer from depression and anxiety. 55
A ．Igno