2024届高考高三英语复习——谓语动词的被动语态
1. 三年真题谓语动词的被动语态考点细目表
时间 卷次 语法填空/短文改错/单项选择
2023 年 新高考 I 卷 语法填空: /
新高考 II 卷 语法填空: /
全国甲卷 语法填空: be employed 短文改错： /
全国乙卷 语法填空: / 短文改错： /
北京卷 语法填空: /
浙江卷 语法填空: were permitted
天津卷 单项选择:
2022 年 新高考 I 卷 语法填空: is designed
新高考 II 卷 语法填空: /
全国甲卷 语法填空: / 短文改错： /
全国乙卷 语法填空: / 短文改错： 去掉 have 后的 been。
北京卷 语法填空: /
浙江卷 语法填空: is viewed 或 has been viewed
天津卷 单项选择: were distributed
2021 年 新高考 I 卷 语法填空: /
新高考 II 卷 语法填空: /
全国甲卷 语法填空: was built 短文改错： /
全国乙卷 语法填空:/ 短文改错： /
北京卷 语法填空: /
浙江卷 语法填空: was painted； is considered
天津卷 单项选择: are being displayed； had been offered
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】
近 3 年对于谓语动词被动语态的考查点：
1. 一般现在时的被动语态；
2. 一般过去时的被动语态；
3. 现在进行时的被动语态；
4. 现在完成时的被动语态。
【备考策略】
1. 掌握被动语态的基本时态变化；
2. 掌握被动语态的特殊结构形式；
3. 掌握不能用被动语态的几种情况；
4. 掌握主动形式表示被动意义的情况。
【命题预测】
预计 2024 年高考谓语动词语态仍将是考查的重点和难点， 考查形式仍以语法填空和短文改错题型为主， 很
可能会与动词的时态及其他的语法点结合起来进行考查。
考点一 被动语态的基本时态变化
一、被动语态基本形式和意义
被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式，被动语态由 be＋过去分词构成，be 随时态的变化而变化。各种
时态的被动语态形式为（以 do 为例）：
(
时
体
) 现在 过去 将来 过去将来
一般 is / am / are done was / were done will / shall be done would / should be done
进行 is / am / are being done was / were being done
完成 have / has been done had been done will / shall have been done would / should have been done
被动语态的特殊结构形式
(1)含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词
Something must be done to stop the water from being polluted.
必须采取措施来制止水受到污染。
(2) “get＋过去分词”式被动语态
在口语和非正式的语体中，常用“get＋过去分词”表示被动语态，其中 get 相当于 be 动词，起助动词的作用。
这种形式一般用来谈论突然发生的事，通常只表示动作，不表示状态。
Some glasses got broken when we were moving.
我们搬家时有些玻璃杯被打碎了。
几种主动变被动的规则
（1）有些动词可以有两个宾语， 在用于被动结构时， 可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语， 另一宾语仍
然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。
His mother gave him a present for his birthday.
可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday. （间接宾语为主语）
A present was given to him by his mother for his birthday. （直接宾语为主语，需加介词 to）
（2）当＂动词+宾语+宾语补足语＂结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。
Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette.
可改为 The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.
（3）在使役动词 have, make, get 以及感官动词 see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe 等后面不定式作宾语
补语时，在主动结构中不定式 to 要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加 to。
Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.
可改为 A stranger was seen to walk into the building.
（4）有些相当于及物动词的动词词组， 如＂动词＋介词＂， ＂动词＋副词＂等， 也可以用于被动结构，
但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。
The meeting is to be put off till Friday.(介词 off 不能遗漏)
5.当句子的谓语为 say,believe,expect,think,know,write,consider,report 等时,被动语态有两种形式:
(1)谓语动词用被动语态,动词不定式作主语补足语。
People said he was a smart boy.
可变为： It was said that he was a smart boy.
He was said to be a smart boy
(2)用 it 作形式主语,真正的主语在后面用主语从句来表示。如:
类似句型有:It is said/known/suggested/believed/hoped/thought that...
二、1不能用被动语态的几种情况：
1.（1）所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态。
（2）表示状态的谓语动词，如： last 、hold 、benefit 、contain 、equal 、fit 等。
（3）表示归属的动词，如 have 、own 、belong to 等。
（4）表示＂希望、意图＂的动词，如： wish 、want 、hope 、like 、love 、hate 等。
（5）宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。
（2023·1 月新高考浙江卷 语法填空）Citizens of higher social classes 59 (permit)to live closer to the
center of the circles.
1.（2023·山西省高三 1 月适应性调研考试（一模））The new rocket will be 90 meters tall, and able to lift 27 tonnes of payload( 有效载荷) to the lunar orbit, CGTN learned from the Airshow China held in south China’s
Zhuhai City earlier this month, during which a model of the rocket （display）.
2. （2023·河北省五个一名校联盟摸底）Actually, Bing Dwen Dwen (select) to be the mascot of the
Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics in 2019 from more than 5,800 entries submitted from 35 countries.
3. ．(2023·江苏省海安市高三学业质量监测)“We can all breathe more freely now that the natural beauty of our
village (restore) ，” said Qi.
考点二 主动形式表被动意义
（1）系动词没有被动形式，但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词 feel ，sound ，taste ，book ，feel 等在主
系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。
（2）当 cut ，sell ，read ，write ，fill ，cook ，lock ，wash ，drive ，keep 等词带状语修饰语时；
（3）当 break out 、take place 、shut off、turn off、work out 等动词词组表示＂发生、关闭、制定＂等意
思时；
（4）want ，require ，need 后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。
（5）be worth doing 用主动形式表示被动含义。
（6）在＂be + 形容词 + to do＂中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。
另外： be to blame(受谴责) ，be to rent （出租）也用主动形式表被动。
(
主动语态变被动语态记忆口诀
一般现、过用
be done
，
be
有人称、时、数变。
完成时态
have done
，被动将
been
加中间。
一般将来
shall (will) do
，被动变
do
为
be d
one
。
将来进行无被动，
shall (will) be doing
。
现在完成进行同，
have (has) been doing
。
现、过进行
be doing
，被动
be
加
being done
。
情、助、有、是妥安排，
一律随新主语变。
否定助后加
not
，疑问一助置主前。
主语恰是疑问词，直陈语序主在前。
一般情助加
be done
，双宾多将间宾变。
复合宾语宾变主，宾补、主补相应变。
注释：
。
＂
be
有人称、时、数变＂即
be
有人称、时态和单、复数的变化。
)
(
②
"情助＂是指情态动词和助动词
must
，
may
，
can
，
shall
，
will
等一律随新主语
(
多是
主动句中的宾语
)
来变化。
③
"疑问一助置主前＂是说有两个助动词的话，
应把主语
放在第一助动词之后或把第一
助动词置于主语之前。
)
1 ．（2021·全国 · 高三专题练习） His new novel ; very few people would like to read it.
A ．sells well B ．is well sold C ．sells badly D ．is badly sold
2 ．（2020·内蒙古 · 赤峰二中高三阶段练习） My parents like climbing the mountain behind my home in the
morning, because the mountainous air is so good .
A ．breathing B ．breathed C ．to breathe D ．to be breathed
1.（2019·宁夏 · 石嘴山市第三中学高三阶段练习） They realized that the problem Ted put forward was difficult
.
_______
A ．to solve B ．solved C ．to be solved D ．solving
2 ．（2019·黑龙江 ·铁人中学高三期中） I want to buy that kind of cloth because I the cloth well.
A ．have told;washed B ．have been told;washes
C ．have been told;washed D ．was told;washes
3 ．（2020·全国 · 高三专题练习） The careless driver is for the traffic accident that yesterday.
A ．to blame;happened B ．to blame;was happened
C ．to be blamed;was happened D ．to be blamed;happened
过关检测
1.（2023·湖北省高三年级 5 月份联考）Different tones can be produced when the bells (ring) with a
wooden hammer and a long stick, and beautiful music can be performed.
2.（2023·江苏省盐城四校联考）Nowadays, face masks (wear) all over the world, but China is one of
first countries to realize the importance off the wearing of face masks. In fact, it is also a result of traditional
cultural factors in China.
3.（2023·山东省齐鲁名校大联盟高三三模）About 385, 000 people from 192 countries take part in the yearly
project to count birds. The event (launch)for the first time 25 years ago.
4.（2023·广东省揭阳市跨市区校高三 5 月联考） In 2013, she (cast) as the lead dancer in two dance
performances in the gala feast.
5.（2023·重庆市第八中学校月考） On arrival in Paris, constantly I (remind) of the official processes I
had to complete.
6.（2023·湖南省湖南师范大学附属中学模拟） Concluded by ancestors from the shifting weathers and
agricultural production, Lichun (regard) as a guide for sowing and plowing in ancient China.
7.（重庆市第八中学校2023 学年高三下学期4 月试题） On arrival in Paris, constantly I (remind) of the
official processes I had to complete.
8.（湖南省湖南师范大学附属中学 2023 年高三试题）Concluded by ancestors from the shifting weathers and
agricultural production, Lichun (regard) as a guide for sowing and plowing in ancient China.
9.（江苏省决胜新高考 2023 年高三 4 月大联考试题）Xidi village (compose) of more than 300 civil
residences, most of which were built in the Ming and Qing dynasties.
10.（2023 届广东省揭阳市跨市区校高三 5 月联考试题） In 2013, she (cast) as the lead dancer in two
dance performances in the gala feast.
11.（2023届湖北省高三年级5月份联考试题） Different tones can be produced when the bells (ring)
with a wooden hammer and a long stick, and beautiful music can be performed.
12.（2023 届山东省齐鲁名校大联盟高三三模试题）About 385, 000 people from 192 countries take part in the
yearly project to count birds. The event (launch)for the first time 25 years ago.
真题演练
(
2023
年
)
1.【2023 年全国乙卷】 46Having visited (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I 47 (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while
constantly growing.
2.【2023 年全国甲卷】 Carson proves that a simple literal form that has been passed down through the ages can
still 50 (employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
3. 【2023 年浙江卷 1 月】Citizens of higher social classes 59 (permit)to live closer to the center of the
circles.
(
2022
年
)
1. 【 2022 新 高 考 I 卷 】 The GPNP (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity( 完 整 性 )of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological
buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations” .
2. 【 2022 年 浙 江 卷 1 月 】 Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane
（view） as important for scientists to get together and exchange information.
3. 【2022 年全国乙卷】Just see how cars have been taken over our cities.
4.【2022 年天津卷第二次】 Food and medical supplies to all the residents after the hurricane last
Sunday.
A. distribute B. distributed
C. are distributed D. were distributed
(
2021
年
)
1. 【 2021.6 全 国 甲卷 】It 1 (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been
completely restored（修复） .
2.【2021.6 浙江卷】Mary's niece wrote, pretty, "The little home 5 (paint) white.
3.【2021.1 浙江卷】 It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a
BMI of between 19 and 25 4 (consider) healthy.
4 ．【2021 年天津卷第一次】Currently, about 35,000 works in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it
would take a lifetime to see everything.
A ．were displaying B ．are displaying
C ．were being displayed D ．are being displayed
5. 【2021 年天津卷第二次】Mark is a genius. By the time he graduated, he jobs by a dozen computer
companies.
A. has offered B. has been offered
C. had offered D. had been offered
(
2020
年
)
1.【2020 年新课标Ⅰ】＂This really excites scientists,＂ Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, "
because it 67. (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68. (construct) "
2.【2020 年新课标Ⅲ】The artist was sure he would 63. (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the
emperor’s chief minister, the old nan laughed. The wise old man told him to travel to the Li River～perhaps he
could learn a little from the greatest artist in the world.
3.【2020 年新高考全国Ⅰ 卷（山东卷）】 The parts of a museum open to the public 40. (call) galleries or
rooms.
4.【2020 年浙江卷 1 月】People tend to focus on the first factor. However, greater attention
should 64 (place)on longevity(长寿).
5.【2020 年新高考全国Ⅱ 卷(海南卷)】Readers 44 （encourage）to continue exploring the digital world
with the guidance of 45our （we ）Further Resources section featured in each volume.
6.【2020 年北京卷】Single-use plastic bags are used at most a few times before they 4 (throw) away.
7.【2020 年浙江卷 7 月】And ，as more children were born ，more food 59 (need). ...
8. 【2020 年天津卷第一次】 —The machine is working again！
—Yes, it broke down yesterday, but it .
A. has been fixed B. is being fixed
C. had been fixed D. would be fixed
(
2019
年
)
1.【2019 年全国卷 III】 On the last day of our week-long stay ，we 69 (invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars ， 70listening (listen)to musicians and meeting
interesting locals.
2.【2019 年江苏卷】They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals by 2022 for the Beijing Winer
Olympics.
will install B. will have been installed C. are installed
D.have been installed
3. 【2019 年天津卷】Amy, as well as her brothers, a warm welcome when returning to the village
last week.
A. is given B. are given
C. was given D. were given2024届高考高三英语复习——谓语动词的被动语态
1. 三年真题谓语动词的被动语态考点细目表
时间 卷次 语法填空/短文改错/单项选择
2023 年 新高考 I 卷 语法填空: /
新高考 II 卷 语法填空: /
全国甲卷 语法填空: be employed 短文改错： /
全国乙卷 语法填空: / 短文改错： /
北京卷 语法填空: /
浙江卷 语法填空: were permitted
天津卷 单项选择:
2022 年 新高考 I 卷 语法填空: is designed
新高考 II 卷 语法填空: /
全国甲卷 语法填空: / 短文改错： /
全国乙卷 语法填空: / 短文改错： 去掉 have 后的 been。
北京卷 语法填空: /
浙江卷 语法填空: is viewed 或 has been viewed
天津卷 单项选择: were distributed
2021 年 新高考 I 卷 语法填空: /
新高考 II 卷 语法填空: /
全国甲卷 语法填空: was built 短文改错： /
全国乙卷 语法填空:/ 短文改错： /
北京卷 语法填空: /
浙江卷 语法填空: was painted； is considered
天津卷 单项选择: are being displayed； had been offered
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】
近 3 年对于谓语动词被动语态的考查点：
1. 一般现在时的被动语态；
2. 一般过去时的被动语态；
3. 现在进行时的被动语态；
4. 现在完成时的被动语态。
【备考策略】
1. 掌握被动语态的基本时态变化；
2. 掌握被动语态的特殊结构形式；
3. 掌握不能用被动语态的几种情况；
4. 掌握主动形式表示被动意义的情况。
【命题预测】
预计 2024 年高考谓语动词语态仍将是考查的重点和难点， 考查形式仍以语法填空和短文改错题型为主， 很
可能会与动词的时态及其他的语法点结合起来进行考查。
考点一 被动语态的基本时态变化
一、被动语态基本形式和意义
被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式，被动语态由 be＋过去分词构成，be 随时态的变化而变化。各种
时态的被动语态形式为（以 do 为例）：
(
时
体
) 现在 过去 将来 过去将来
一般 is / am / are done was / were done will / shall be done would / should be done
进行 is / am / are being done was / were being done
完成 have / has been done had been done will / shall have been done would / should have been done
被动语态的特殊结构形式
(1)含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词
Something must be done to stop the water from being polluted.
必须采取措施来制止水受到污染。
(2) “get＋过去分词”式被动语态
在口语和非正式的语体中，常用“get＋过去分词”表示被动语态，其中 get 相当于 be 动词，起助动词的作用。
这种形式一般用来谈论突然发生的事，通常只表示动作，不表示状态。
Some glasses got broken when we were moving.
我们搬家时有些玻璃杯被打碎了。
几种主动变被动的规则
（1）有些动词可以有两个宾语， 在用于被动结构时， 可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语， 另一宾语仍
然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。
His mother gave him a present for his birthday.
可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday. （间接宾语为主语）
A present was given to him by his mother for his birthday. （直接宾语为主语，需加介词 to）
（2）当＂动词+宾语+宾语补足语＂结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。
Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette.
可改为 The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.
（3）在使役动词 have, make, get 以及感官动词 see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe 等后面不定式作宾语
补语时，在主动结构中不定式 to 要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加 to。
Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.
可改为 A stranger was seen to walk into the building.
（4）有些相当于及物动词的动词词组， 如＂动词＋介词＂， ＂动词＋副词＂等， 也可以用于被动结构，
但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。
The meeting is to be put off till Friday.(介词 off 不能遗漏)
5.当句子的谓语为 say,believe,expect,think,know,write,consider,report 等时,被动语态有两种形式:
(1)谓语动词用被动语态,动词不定式作主语补足语。
People said he was a smart boy.
可变为： It was said that he was a smart boy.
He was said to be a smart boy
(2)用 it 作形式主语,真正的主语在后面用主语从句来表示。如:
类似句型有:It is said/known/suggested/believed/hoped/thought that...
二、1不能用被动语态的几种情况：
1.（1）所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态。
（2）表示状态的谓语动词，如： last 、hold 、benefit 、contain 、equal 、fit 等。
（3）表示归属的动词，如 have 、own 、belong to 等。
（4）表示＂希望、意图＂的动词，如： wish 、want 、hope 、like 、love 、hate 等。
（5）宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。
（2023·1 月新高考浙江卷 语法填空）Citizens of higher social classes 59 (permit)to live closer to the
center of the circles.
【答案】 were permitted
【解析】考查动词的被动语态。句意：高等阶层的公民被允许住在离中心地带更近的地方。分析句子结构 可知，空格处在句中作谓语，和主语 Citizens of higher social classes 构成被动关系，因为是对过去事实的陈
述应用一般过去时。故填 were permitted。
1.（2023·山西省高三 1 月适应性调研考试（一模））The new rocket will be 90 meters tall, and able to lift 27
tonnes of payload( 有效载荷) to the lunar orbit, CGTN learned from the Airshow China held in south China’s
Zhuhai City earlier this month, during which a model of the rocket （display）.
【答案】 was displayed
【解析】考查谓语动词。句意：见第 2 题详解。根据句意可知，这句话描述的是过去的事情，主语 a model of the rocket 和动词 display 是被动关系， 所以谓语动词用一般过去时的被动语态， be 动词用 was。故填 was
displayed。
2. （2023·河北省五个一名校联盟摸底）Actually, Bing Dwen Dwen (select) to be the mascot of the
Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics in 2019 from more than 5,800 entries submitted from 35 countries.
【答案】 was selected
【解析】考查时态语态。句意：事实上，“冰墩墩”从 35 个国家提交的 5800 多份参赛作品中被选为 2019 年 北京 2022 年冬奥会的吉祥物。主语与谓语构成被动关系， 描述过去发生的动作故用一般过去时的被动语态，
主语为 Bing Dwen Dwen，谓语用单数。故填 was selected。
3. ．(2023·江苏省海安市高三学业质量监测)“We can all breathe more freely now that the natural beauty of our
village (restore) ，” said Qi.
【答案】has been restored
【解析】此处指“既然我们村庄的自然美景已经恢复， 我们大家都可以更自由地呼吸了”。根据句意及 now that
引导从句可知， 此处应为现在完成时。主语the natural beauty 和动词restore 是被动关系。故填has been restored。
考点二 主动形式表被动意义
（1）系动词没有被动形式，但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词 feel ，sound ，taste ，book ，feel 等在主
系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。
（2）当 cut ，sell ，read ，write ，fill ，cook ，lock ，wash ，drive ，keep 等词带状语修饰语时；
（3）当 break out 、take place 、shut off、turn off、work out 等动词词组表示＂发生、关闭、制定＂等意
思时；
（4）want ，require ，need 后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。
（5）be worth doing 用主动形式表示被动含义。
（6）在＂be + 形容词 + to do＂中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。
另外： be to blame(受谴责) ，be to rent （出租）也用主动形式表被动。
(
主动语态变被动语态记忆口诀
一般现、过用
be done
，
be
有人称、时、数变。
完成时态
have done
，被动将
been
加中间。
一般将来
shall (will) do
，被动变
do
为
be d
one
。
将来进行无被动，
shall (will) be doing
。
现在完成进行同，
have (has) been doing
。
现、过进行
be doing
，被动
be
加
being done
。
情、助、有、是妥安排，
一律随新主语变。
否定助后加
not
，疑问一助置主前。
主语恰是疑问词，直陈语序主在前。
一般情助加
be done
，双宾多将间宾变。
复合宾语宾变主，宾补、主补相应变。
注释：
①
"
be
有人称、时、数变＂即
be
有人称
、时态和单、复数的变化。
②
"情助＂是指情态动词和助动词
must
，
may
，
can
，
shall
，
will
等一律随新主语
(
多是
主动句中的宾语
)
来变化。
③
"疑问一助置主前＂是说有两个助动词的话，
应把主语放在第一助动词之后或把第一
助动词置于主语之前。
)
1 ．（2021·全国 · 高三专题练习） His new novel ; very few people would like to read it.
A ．sells well B ．is well sold C ．sells badly D ．is badly sold
【答案】C
【解析】考查语态和副词词义辨析。句意：他的新小说卖得很差，很少有人喜欢读它。根据后文的 few
peopel，表示几乎没有人， 可知他的小说卖得很差， 用副词 badly。sell 用来描述主语特征的时候， 表示卖得
如何，此处应用主动形式表示被动，故选 C 项。
2 ．（2020·内蒙古 · 赤峰二中高三阶段练习） My parents like climbing the mountain behind my home in the
morning, because the mountainous air is so good .
A ．breathing B ．breathed C ．to breathe D ．to be breathed
【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我的父母喜欢在早上爬我家后面的山，因为山上的空气利于呼吸。表示
品质的形容词 good 后加不定式，且用主动形式表被动意义。故选 C。
1.（2019·宁夏 · 石嘴山市第三中学高三阶段练习） They realized that the problem Ted put forward was difficult
.
_______
A ．to solve B ．solved C ．to be solved D ．solving
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们意识到泰德提出的问题很难解决。结合短语 be difficult to do sth.“难 以；很难 ……”后跟不定式，且在此结构中，若主语与其后的不定式为动宾关系，那么该不定式习惯上要用
主动形式表示被动意义。故用 to solve 形式。故选 A。
2 ．（2019·黑龙江 ·铁人中学高三期中） I want to buy that kind of cloth because I the cloth well.
A ．have told;washed B ．have been told;washes
C ．have been told;washed D ．was told;washes
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态及语态句意：我想买这种布，因为我已经被告知这种布料很好洗。 “我”和“告诉”是被动关 系，且动作发生在过去，强调对现在的影响，所以需用完成时态的被动语态； 一些动词 wash ，lock ，sell ， wear ，read ，open ，shut ，clean 等， 如果主语如果是物， 且表示主语的特性或品质时， 常用主动形式表示被 动意义。the cloth washes well 是指“这种布料很好洗”就是说明这种布料的特征的， 应使用一般现在时。故选
B。
3 ．（2020·全国 · 高三专题练习） The careless driver is for the traffic accident that yesterday.
A ．to blame;happened B ．to blame;was happened
C ．to be blamed;was happened D ．to be blamed;happened
【答案】A
【解析】考查固定短语和时态。句意：粗心的司机应该为昨天发生的交通事故受到责备。第一空是词组:be to blame“应受责备”；第二空是定语从句谓语动词， happen 是不及物动词， 没有被动式， 由 yesterday 可知， 此
处使用一般过去时。选 A。
过关检测
1.（2023·湖北省高三年级 5 月份联考）Different tones can be produced when the bells (ring) with a
wooden hammer and a long stick, and beautiful music can be performed.
【答案】 are rung
【解析】考查时态语态。句意：用木槌和长棍敲钟，可以发出不同的音调，演奏出优美的音乐。主语和谓
语之间是被动关系，主语是复数意义，叙述的是一般事实，为一般现在时的被动语态，故填 are rung。
2.（2023·江苏省盐城四校联考）Nowadays, face masks (wear) all over the world, but China is one of
first countries to realize the importance off the wearing of face masks. In fact, it is also a result of traditional
cultural factors in China.
【答案】 are being worn
【解析】考查动词语态。句意：如今，全世界都戴口罩，但中国是最早意识到戴口罩重要性的国家之一。
根据时间状语 nowadays 和语境可知，疫情当下，戴口罩是正在发生的事情，应用现在进行时；wear 与 face
masks 是逻辑动宾关系，应用被动语态。故填 are being worn。
3.（2023·山东省齐鲁名校大联盟高三三模）About 385, 000 people from 192 countries take part in the yearly
project to count birds. The event (launch)for the first time 25 years ago.
【答案】 was launched
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：该活动于 25 年前首次推出。这里为本句谓语动词， 根据时间状语“25 years ago”可知，本句用一般过去时；主语为“the event”，和动词 launch 之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填
was launched。
4.（2023·广东省揭阳市跨市区校高三 5 月联考） In 2013, she (cast) as the lead dancer in two dance
performances in the gala feast.
【答案】 was cast
【解析】考查动词时态语态。句意：2013 年，她在春晚的两场舞蹈表演中担任领舞。 cast 与 she 是逻辑动宾
关系，应用被动语态，由 In 2013 可知，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填 was cast。
5.（2023·重庆市第八中学校月考） On arrival in Paris, constantly I (remind) of the official processes I
had to complete.
【答案】 was reminded
【解析】考查时态语态。句意：抵达巴黎后，我被不断地提醒必须完成官方的流程。空处为主句谓语动词， 根据前文 last year 可知，时态为一般过去时，主语 I 和 remind 之间为被动关系，故空处应为一般过去时的
被动语态。故填 was reminded。
6.（2023·湖南省湖南师范大学附属中学模拟） Concluded by ancestors from the shifting weathers and
agricultural production, Lichun (regard) as a guide for sowing and plowing in ancient China.
【答案】 was regarded
【解析】考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：先民从气候变化和农业生产中总结出的立春，在中国古代 被视为播种和耕作的指南。分析句子可知，regard(视为)是句中谓语动词，与主语 Lichun 之间是被动关系， 句中有时间状语 in ancient China，应使用一般过去时态，又因主语 Lichun 是专有名词，是第三人称单数概
念，所以谓语动词也应使用单数形式。综上，谓语应用一般过去时的被动语态，单数形式。故填 was
regarded。
7.（重庆市第八中学校2023 学年高三下学期4 月试题） On arrival in Paris, constantly I (remind) of the
official processes I had to complete.
【答案】 was reminded
【解析】考查时态语态。句意：抵达巴黎后，我被不断地提醒必须完成官方的流程。空处为主句谓语动词， 根据前文 last year 可知，时态为一般过去时，主语 I 和 remind 之间为被动关系，故空处应为一般过去时的
被动语态。故填 was reminded。
8.（湖南省湖南师范大学附属中学 2023 年高三试题）Concluded by ancestors from the shifting weathers and
agricultural production, Lichun (regard) as a guide for sowing and plowing in ancient China.
【答案】 was regarded
【解析】考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：先民从气候变化和农业生产中总结出的立春，在中国古代 被视为播种和耕作的指南。分析句子可知，regard(视为)是句中谓语动词，与主语 Lichun 之间是被动关系， 句中有时间状语 in ancient China，应使用一般过去时态，又因主语 Lichun 是专有名词，是第三人称单数概
念，所以谓语动词也应使用单数形式。综上，谓语应用一般过去时的被动语态，单数形式。故填 was
regarded。
9.（江苏省决胜新高考 2023 年高三 4 月大联考试题）Xidi village (compose) of more than 300 civil
residences, most of which were built in the Ming and Qing dynasties.
【答案】is composed
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：西递村由 300 多座民居组成，其中大部分建于明清两代。根据句意可知， 句子陈述的是客观事实， Xidi village 和 compose 为被动关系，故句子应用一般现在时的被动语态。故填 is
composed。
10.（2023 届广东省揭阳市跨市区校高三 5 月联考试题） In 2013, she (cast) as the lead dancer in two
dance performances in the gala feast.
【答案】 was cast
【解析】考查动词时态语态。句意：2013年，她在春晚的两场舞蹈表演中担任领舞。 cast与she是逻辑动宾关
系，应用被动语态，由In 2013可知，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was cast。
11.（2023届湖北省高三年级5月份联考试题） Different tones can be produced when the bells (ring)
with a wooden hammer and a long stick, and beautiful music can be performed.
【答案】 are rung
【解析】考查时态语态。句意：用木槌和长棍敲钟，可以发出不同的音调，演奏出优美的音乐。主语和谓
语之间是被动关系，主语是复数意义，叙述的是一般事实，为一般现在时的被动语态，故填are rung。
12.（2023 届山东省齐鲁名校大联盟高三三模试题）About 385, 000 people from 192 countries take part in the
yearly project to count birds. The event (launch)for the first time 25 years ago.
【答案】 was launched
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：该活动于 25 年前首次推出。这里为本句谓语动词， 根据时间状语“25 years ago”可知，本句用一般过去时；主语为“the event”，和动词 launch 之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填
was launched。
真题演练
(
2023
年
)
1.【2023 年全国乙卷】 46Having visited (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I 47 (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while
constantly growing.
【47 题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：在过去的 10 年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶于这里的新旧共存，惊讶于一个城市
如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为本句谓语动词，根据下文“how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. ”可知，本句用一般过去时；主语 I 和动词 amaze 之
间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填 was amazed。
2.【2023 年全国甲卷】 Carson proves that a simple literal form that has been passed down through the ages can
still 50 (employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
【50 题详解】
考查语态。句意：卡森证明了一种简单的抒情形式，已经代代相传，今天仍然可以用来吸引人们对重要真 理的关注。从句主语 a simple lyric form 与 employ 之间为被动关系， 所以用被动语态。情态动词 can 后接动
词原形。故填 be employed。
3. 【2023 年浙江卷 1 月】Citizens of higher social classes 59 (permit)to live closer to the center of the
circles.
【59 题详解】
考查动词的被动语态。句意：高等阶层的公民被允许住在离中心地带更近的地方。分析句子结构可知，空 格处在句中作谓语，和主语 Citizens of higher social classes 构成被动关系，因为是对过去事实的陈述应用一
般过去时。故填 were permitted。
(
2022
年
)
1. 【 2022 新 高 考 I 卷 】 The GPNP (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity( 完 整 性 )of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological
buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations” .
答案： is designed
解析：考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：GPNP 旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物 多样性， 保护生态缓冲区， 为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产” 的指导原则。设空处在句中作谓语， 和句子的 主语 The GPNP 之间为被动关系；叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态，
主语单数，谓语单数形式。故填 is designed。
2. 【 2022 年 浙 江 卷 1 月 】 Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane
（view） as important for scientists to get together and exchange information.
答案： is viewed 或 has been viewed
解析：考查被动语态。句意：对科学家而言，旅行去参加会议、讲座、工作室之类的地方来相聚并交流信
息这件事被视为是重要的。描述人们普遍认知的事情用一般现在时，此处也可以表示强调人们从过去到现
在的认知，动名词作主语与主谓之间存在被动关系，故填 is viewed 或 has been viewed。
3. 【2022 年全国乙卷】Just see how cars have been taken over our cities.
7.考查语态。句意：看看汽车是如何占领我们的城市的。主语 cars 与动词 take over之间是主谓关系，应用
主动语态。故去掉 have 后的 been。
4.【2022 年天津卷第二次】 Food and medical supplies to all the residents after the hurricane last
Sunday.
A. distribute B. distributed
C. are distributed D. were distributed
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：上周日飓风过后，食品和药品供给被分发给了所有居民。分析句 子成分可知， Food and medical supplies 作主语， 为复数， 与动词 distribute“分发”为动宾关系， 故需要用被动 语态 be distributed；根据后文 last Sunday“上周日”可知，句子需要用一般过去时态，故 be 动词要用 were。
故选 D 项。
(
2021
年
)
1. 【 2021.6 全 国 甲卷 】It 1 (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been
completely restored（修复） .
【答案】 was built ;
【解析】考查动词的时态/语态以及主谓一致。根据句子结构可知， 空格填写谓语动词， 又因 it 指代前面 The Xi'an City Wall，和 build 是被动关系， 且是在 the Tang dynasty 被建立， 故用过去式的被动语态。本句句意：
它最初是在唐代为保护这座城市而建的，现在已经完全修复。故填 was built。
2.【2021.6 浙江卷】Mary's niece wrote, pretty, "The little home 5 (paint) white.
【答案】 was painted
【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：这个小房子被粉刷成白色。房子被粉刷，所以用被动。动作
发生在过去，所以用一般过去时。
3.【2021.1 浙江卷】 It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a
BMI of between 19 and 25 4 (consider) healthy.
【答案】is considered
【解析】考查被动语态。句意：介于 19-25 的 BMI 数值被认为是健康的。分析句子结构 a BMI of between 19
and 25 (consider) healthy.可知 Consider 做谓语，主语是单数，根据句意谓语动词应为被动且时态为一般现
在时，故答案为 is considered。
4 ．【2021 年天津卷第一次】Currently, about 35,000 works in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it
would take a lifetime to see everything.
A ．were displaying B ．are displaying
C ．were being displayed D ．are being displayed
【答案】D
【详解】考查时态和语态。目前，大约有 35000 件作品陈列在卢浮宫的 300 多个展室里，要看完所有的展 品恐怕要花一辈子的时间。根据上文“Currently(目前)”可知，应该用现在进行时；display 与主语 works 之间
为被动关系，所以用现在进行时的被动。故选 D。
5. 【2021 年天津卷第二次】Mark is a genius. By the time he graduated, he jobs by a dozen computer
companies.
A. has offered B. has been offered
C. had offered D. had been offered
【答案】D
【解析】考查过去完成时的被动语态。句意：马克是个天才。到他毕业的时候，已经有十几家电脑公司给 他提供了工作机会。该句是复合句，含 By the time 引导的时间状语从句，主句动作先于从句动作，且主句
主语 he 和谓语动词 offer 之间是被动关系，是过去完成时的被动语态。故选 D。
(
2020
年
)
1.【2020 年新课标Ⅰ】＂This really excites scientists,＂ Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, "
because it 67. (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68. (construct) "
68. 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。分析句子可知， 此处是宾语从句谓语动词， 谓语 construct 与主 语 the moon之间是被动关系， 应使用被动语态， 再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时， 主语 the moon 是
单数，故填 is constructed。
2.【2020 年新课标Ⅲ】The artist was sure he would 63. (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the
emperor’s chief minister, the old nan laughed. The wise old man told him to travel to the Li River～perhaps he
could learn a little from the greatest artist in the world.
63. 考查动词语态。句意：画家确信他会被选中，但是当他把他的杰作送给皇帝的宰相时，这位老人笑了。
本句中主语 he 与谓语动词 choose 构成被动关系，且 would 后跟动词原形。故填 be chosen。
3.【2020 年新高考全国Ⅰ 卷（山东卷）】 The parts of a museum open to the public 40. (call) galleries or rooms.
40. 考查动词时态及语态。句意:博物馆对公众开放的部分被称为画廊或展厅。此处描述的是客观使用，应
使用一般现在时；主语与 call 是逻辑动宾关系，应使用被动语态，且主语是复数概念。故填 are called。
4.【2020 年浙江卷 1 月】People tend to focus on the first factor. However, greater attention
should 64 (place)on longevity(长寿).
【64 题详解】
考查动词时态语态。句意：然而， 更多的关注应放在寿命上。本句中主语与谓语动词构成被动关系， 且 should
后跟动词原形，故填 be placed。
5.【2020 年新高考全国Ⅱ 卷(海南卷)】Readers 44 （encourage）to continue exploring the digital world
with the guidance of 45our （we ）Further Resources section featured in each volume.
【44 题详解】
考查语态。句意：我们鼓励读者继续探索数字世界，并在每一卷的参考资料部分提供指导。主语 Readers
与 encourage 之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。根据文章中的时态可知，用一般现在时。故填 are
encouraged。
6.【2020 年北京卷】Single-use plastic bags are used at most a few times before they 4 (throw) away.
【4 题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：一次性塑料袋在扔掉之前最多使用几次。本文讲的是客观事实，应该用一般现在时， 主语 they（Single-use plastic bags ）和谓语动词 throw 之间是被动关系， 应用一般现在时的被动语态， 且谓
语动词用复数形式。故填 are thrown。
7.【2020 年浙江卷 7 月】And ，as more children were born ，more food 59 (need). ...
【59 题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：随着越多的小孩出生，越多的食物被需要。分析句子，逻辑主语和 need 之间表示被 动逻辑。同时此处描述的是过去的时间，所以时态应用过去时。故此处应用过去时的被动语态。food 为不
可数名词。故填 was needed。
8. 【2020 年天津卷第一次】 —The machine is working again！
—Yes, it broke down yesterday, but it .
A. has been fixed B. is being fixed
C. had been fixed D. would be fixed
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：机器又运转了！是的，昨天机器出故障了，但已经被修好了。通过分析语
境可知，此处使用现在完成时，表示截至目前已经完成的动作。故选 A 项。
(
2019
年
)
1.【2019 年全国卷 III】 On the last day of our week-long stay ，we 69 (invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars ， 70listening (listen)to musicians and meeting
interesting locals.
69.were invited【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。由“on the last day of our week-long stay”可知， 句子时态 为一般过去时。根据句意：我们被邀请去参加一场私人音乐会，所以用被动语态。主语为 we ，故填 were
invited。
2.【2019 年江苏卷】They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals by 2022 for the Beijing Winer
Olympics.
A. will install B. will have been installed C. are installed D. have been installed
33.B【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：他们正努力确保在 2022 年北京冬奥会之前安装 5G 终端。表示在将 来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作，用将来完成时。“5G 终端”和“安装”之间是被动关系，用被动
语态，故选 B。
3. 【2019 年天津卷】Amy, as well as her brothers, a warm welcome when returning to the village
last week.
A. is given B. are given
C. was given D. were given
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查时态和语态。句意：艾米和他的兄弟们当上周回到村里时，受到了热烈的欢迎。根据 last week 可知应用过去时， 排除选项 A 和 B。as well as 连接并列主语， 谓语动词就前原则。这句话真正的主语
是 Amy，她受到热烈欢迎，所以用过去时的被动。故选 C。
