2024届高考英语复习——形容词和副词的用法学案（含答案）

2024届高考高三英语复习——形容词和副词的用法
1. 三年真题形容词和副词考点细目表
时间 卷次 语法填空/短文改错/单项选择
2023 年 新高考 I 卷 语法填空: 36_tasty (taste); 44 rarely (rare)
新高考 II 卷 语法填空: 43_Basically__ (basic)
全国甲卷 语法填空: 47 Different (difference) 短文改错： truth 改为 true; beautifully 改为 beautiful
全国乙卷 语法填空: 49 remarkable (remark) 短文改错： final 改为 finally
北京卷 语法填空: 12_ exactly (exact)
浙江卷 (1 月)语法填空: 57_ originally (original); 61_spacious (space); 62simply (simple) (6 月)语法填空:
天津卷 单项选择：
2022 年 新高考 I 卷 语法填空: eventually (eventual)
新高考 II 卷 语法填空: 38 aslpeep (sleep); 40accidentally (accidental )
全国甲卷 语法填空: meaningful (meaning) 短文改错： closely 改为 close
全国乙卷 语法填空: / 短文改错： greatly 改为 great
北京卷 语法填空: /
浙江卷 (1 月)语法填空: roughly （rough） (6 月)语法填空: /
天津卷 单项选择： well aware of
2021 年 新高考 I 卷 语法填空: 3 undoubtedly (undoubted); 5 astonished (astonish)
新高考 II 卷 语法填空: 61harmful (harm); 62_excited (excite)
全国甲卷 语法填空: 10 daily (day) 短文改错： /
全国乙卷 语法填空: 8 financial (finance); 1educated (educate) 短文改错： mentally 改为 mental
北京卷 语法填空: 16safely （safe）
浙江卷 (1 月)语法填空: 8 sharply (sharp) (6 月)语法填空: /
天津卷 （第一次） 单项选择: increasingly （第二次）单项选择: Eventually; alternative
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】
近 3 年高考卷对于形容词和副词的考查一直是重点和热点，主要考查：
1. 在语篇型填空和短文改错中的形容词和副词的句法功能；
2. 对形容词和副词的词性转换也是近几年高考考查的重点之一。
【备考策略】
1. 掌握形容词和副词的句法功能；
2. 掌握形容词和副词的词性转换基本规律；
【命题预测】
语法填空和短文改错对形容词的考查仍然会成为高考的重点，主要集中考查形容词和副词的词形转换，
形容词的相关句型用法。
考点一 形容词的构成与句法功能
一、形容词的构词规律
类别 例词
词尾加-y cloud→cloudy, luck→lucky, health→healthy, sleep→sleepy
词尾加-(e)d gift→gifted, talent→talented, advance→advanced, excite→excited
词尾加-ing surprise→surprising, convince→convincing, frighten→frightening
词尾加 -ful/-less meaning→meaningful/meaningless, care→careful/careless, help→helpful/helpless, harm→harmful/harmless, home→homeless, colour→colourful/colourless, use→useful/useless, thank→thankful/thankless, peace→peaceful/peaceless
词尾加-able comfort→comfortable, knowledge→knowledgeable, accept→acceptable, respect→respectable
词尾加-ous danger→dangerous, courage→courageous, humour→humorous
词尾的-ce 变 为-t confidence→confident, difference→different
词尾加-al music→musical, person→personal, nation→national, education→educational, tradition→traditional
词尾加-ly friend→friendly, week→weekly, love→lovely
词尾加-en wood→wooden, wool→woolen
其他常见变 化 energy→energetic, fool→foolish, pleasure→pleasant/pleased, science→scientific 以重读闭音节结尾的名词变成形容词时， 要双写该辅音字母再加-y(如 sun→sunny, fun→funny 等)，以 e 结尾的名词要去掉 e 再加-y(如 noise→noisy, ice→icy, taste→tasty 等)
动词词尾加 -ive/-ative attract→attractive, talk→talkative, prevent→preventive, protect→protective
二.词形转换的具体总结
形容词后缀
1 ．形容词后缀-able
(1)能…… 的；可…… 的
accept→acceptable
adapt→adaptable
adjust→adjustable
可接受的
能适应的
可调节的
afford→affordable
rely→reliable
change→changeable
admire→admirable
believe→believable
负担得起的
可信赖的，可依靠的
易变的
可钦佩的
可相信的
(2)具有…… 的特点
enjoy→enjoyable
suit→suitable
comfort→comfortable
fashion→fashionable
reason→reasonable
value→valuable
knowledge→knowledgeable
2 ．形容词后缀-ful/-less
cheer→cheerful
doubt→doubtful
forget→forgetful
thought→thoughtful
peace→peaceful
success→successful
regret→regretful
令人愉快的
合适的
舒适的
时髦的
合理的
有价值的
有丰富知识的，博学的
兴高采烈的
怀疑的
健忘的
周到的；深思的
和平的
成功的
后悔的
harm→harmful 有害的→harmless 无害的
help→helpful 有帮助的→helpless 无助的；无能的
hope→hopeful 有希望的→hopeless 绝望的
use→useful 有用的→useless 无用的；无效的
power→powerful 强有力的→powerless 无力的
meaning→meaningful 有意义的→meaningless 无意义的
3 ．形容词后缀-ive/-ative
act→active
attract→attractive
impress→impressive
instruct→instructive
create→creative
progress→progressive
talk→talkative
effect→effective
积极的；活跃的
有吸引力的
给人深刻印象的
有教育意义的
创造性的
进步的
健谈的（别忘了字母 a）
有效的
4 ．形容词后缀-ous（ous 还是 ious 一定要记清楚）
continue→continuous
anxiety→anxious
caution→cautious
curiosity→curious
danger→dangerous
humor→humorous
mountain→mountainous
poison→poisonous
ambition→ambitious
religion→religious
space→spacious
5 ．形容词后缀-ble/-ible
horror→horrible
terror→terrible
vision→visible
access→accessible
6 ．形容词后缀-y
fog→foggy
taste→tasty
luck→lucky
不断的；持续的
忧虑的
小心的；谨慎的
好奇的
危险的
幽默的
多山的
有毒的
有野心的
宗教的
宽敞的；广阔的
可怕的；恐怖的
可怕的；糟糕的
看得见的
容易达到的；容易取得的
多雾的
美味的；可口的
幸运的
health→healthy 健康的
dirt→dirty 有灰尘的；脏的
greed→greedy 贪婪的
sun→sunny 阳光明媚的
wealth→wealthy 富裕的；丰富的
7 ．形容词后缀-al/-ial
culture→cultural 文化的
agriculture→agricultural 农业的
practice→practical 实际的
music→musical 音乐的
origin→original 最初的
person→personal 个人的；私人的
center→central 中央的；中心的
nature→natural 自然的；天生的
tradition→traditional 传统的
option→optional 可选择的，选修的
profession→professional 专业的；职业的
benefit→beneficial 有益的
face→facial 面部的（看起来很简单但很容易错）
industry→industrial 工业的
finance→financial 金融的
8 ．形容词后缀-ic
science→scientific 科学的
economy→economic 经济的
history→historic 历史上著名的
history→historical 具有重大历史意义的
energy→energetic 精力充沛的
class→classic 经典的
9 ．形容词后缀-en
wood→wooden 木制的
gold→golden 金色的
wool→wool(l)en 羊毛的
10 ．形容词后缀-ly
dead→deadly 致命的
live→lively 活跃的
friend→friendly 友好的
year→yearly 每年的
month→monthly 每月的
week→weekly 每周的
day→daily 每日的； 日常的
cost→costly 昂贵的
order→orderly 有次序的
三.形容词的功能
在句中可作定语、表语、宾语补足语、主语补足语、状语等。
一般情况下，单个的形容词作定语放在被修饰的词之后，形容词短语放在被修饰的词之前。
He is the only man alive in the village after the earthquake.地震后他是那个村子里唯一活着的人。
It is a problem difficult to solve.这是个难以解决的问题。
■名师点津
(1)形容词作状语主要表示原因、结果或伴随等，其逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。
Light-hearted and optimistic, she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile. 她
无忧无虑、积极乐观，是那种用微笑给别人带来快乐的人。
(2)有些以-ly 结尾的词是形容词，而不是副词。常见的有：friendly, lovely, lively, lonely, elderly, deadly
等。
2 ．副词的基本用法
(1) 副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等。
(2019·天津卷)A dog’seating habit requires regular training before it is properly established.
狗的饮食习惯在正确建立之前需要定期的训练。
■名师点津
有些副词， 如 fortunately, luckily, surprisingly, honestly, actually, personally 等作评注性状语， 往往修饰整
个句子，而且它们常位于句首，且有逗号与后面的句子分开。
(安徽卷)Thankfully, I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end. 谢天谢地， 我
终于打完比赛了，所有的辛苦最终都是值得的。
（2）有些副词置于句首可修饰全句，作评注性状语。如： obviously ，naturally ，surprisingly 等
Fortunately ，he was not drowned and was saved by the PLA.
幸运的是，他没被淹死，被解放军给救了。
Happily for her ，her stepmother was kind to her.
高兴的是，她的继母对她很好。
四、多个形容词修饰名词的顺序
多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为：
限定词→数词→描绘词→(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) → 出处→材料性质→类别→名词
a small round table
a tall gray building
a dirty old brown shirt
a famous German medical school
an expensive Japanese sports car
五、 形容词、副词辨析
形容词副词的区别及用法
1. late 和 later
He is late. He is half an hour late. 他迟到了，迟到了半小时。
Three minutes later, he arrived. 三分钟后，他来了。
2. pleased, pleasing 与 pleasant
（1）pleased 的含义是“感到满意，高兴” ，后常跟介词 at, with。例如：
I'm pleased to see you here. 在这儿见到你很高兴。
She's pleased with our programme. 她对我们的节目很满意。
（2）pleasing 表示“令人欣喜的” ，相当于“giving pleasure”。例如：
My sister's progress in dancing is pleasing. 我姐姐在舞蹈方面的进步令人高兴。
The baby has a pleasing voice. 这个婴儿的声音很悦耳。
（3）pleasant 表示“快乐的，愉快的” 。例如：
The girl has a pleasant childhood. 这个女孩有一个快乐的童年。
To have a pleasant holiday is my favorite. 过一个愉快的假期是我最喜欢的。
3. living, alive 与 live
（1）living 作定语时，既可置于所修饰的名词之前，也可置于所修饰的名词之后，译为"活着的,当代的"。在
句中充当定语及表语。例如：
Not all living things live on sunlight. 并非所有的生物都依赖阳光生存。
My grandparents are still living. 我的祖父母仍然健在。
（2）alive 译为“活着的” ，可以在句中作表语及定语。作定语时，位于它所修饰的名词之后。例如：
He may be the busiest person alive. 他可能是世上最忙的人了。
Is that sheep dead or alive 那头羊是死了还是活着？
（3）alive 还有“活泼的，活动的，有生机的”之意。例如：
You seem very much alive today. 你今天看起来很活跃。
（4）live 表示“活着的” ，做“现场直播”讲时可以用作形容词、副词，在句子中可以作定语，表语。
The programme is live./The programme is broadcast live. 这个节目是现场直播的。
4. worth ，worthy 与 worthwhile
（1）worth 意为“值得的” ，后接 v-ing 形式，构成“be worth doing”结构，也可接表示价格的名词及钱数；
（2）worthy 意为“ 值得的” ，后接“of+名词（或 being+过去分词） , 构成“be worthy of+名词（或 being
done）”结构或“be worthy to be done”结构。
（3）be worthwhile to do sth/doing sth 例如：
This coat is worth one hundred yuan. 这件上衣价值一百元。
This problem is worthy of being discussed. 这个问题值得讨论。
5. too 、also 、either
too 和 also 用于肯定句、疑问句，too 多用于口语， also 多用于书面语，either 用于否定句。 Too 常用在句末，
also 常用在句中。
Are they coming too 他们也来吗
She is young and beautiful, and also rich. 她年轻漂亮，而且有钱。
He hasn’t finished it, either. 他也还没有做完。
6. likely 与 possible, probable
likely 的主语可以是 it 也可以是名词或其它代词，而 possible 和 probable 只能用 it 作主语。
7. most 与 mostly
most 做形容词或代词，如：most students, most of us ；mostly 为副词，表示大部分情况下，或成分中大部分。
如：
（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷 语法填空）Xiao long bao(soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, 56. (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favourite
Chinese street food.
1.【2023·粤湘鄂名校联盟高三第一次联考】His ceramic works, both 43 (function) and sculptural, are
full of elements of fashion, humor, and character painted on with traditional Chinese ink.
2.【2023·河南省安阳市 TOP 二十名校摸底】Yin is receptive and feminine; while Yang is 49 (act) and
masculine (阳性的). It’s believed that odd (奇数的) numbers belong to yang and even numbers belong to yin.
3.【2023·湖南省益阳市质量检测】Zheng He’s efforts helped develop 42 (harmony) relations with these countries and regions, introducing foreign people to Chinese culture, and allowing the Chinese to better understand
overseas lands.
考点二 副词的构成与句法功能
一、副词的构词规律
类别 例词
形容词＋后缀-ly clear→clearly, great→greatly, loud→loudly, sudden→suddenly, sincere→sincerely
以辅音字母加-y 结尾的 形容词， 把 y 变成 i 再加 -ly happy→happily, heavy→heavily, angry→angrily, lucky→luckily, noisy→noisily*shy→shyly(y 的发音为/a /，直接加-ly)
词尾为-ble/-le 的形容词， 去掉 e ，再加-y terrible→terribly, possible→possibly, gentle→gently, probable→probably, comfortable→comfortably, responsible→responsibly, suitable→suitably (例外： whole→wholly)
词尾为-ue 的形容词，去 掉 e 再加-ly true→truly(高中阶段仅此一例)
词尾为-ll 的形容词，直 接加-y full→fully, dull→dully
词尾为-ic 的形容词，加 -ally basic→basically, scientific→scientifically, specific→specifically, automatic→automatically
二、副词的句法功能
副词是一种词类，常用于限制、说明、修饰形容词、动词、分词、副词、介词短语、分词、句子等。副词 在句子中用作状语时，常位于动词的后面、形容词的前面、句首等位置；副词在句子中作表语时位于系动 词之后；副词在句子中作定语时位于所修饰或限制的修饰词的后面；副词在句子中作宾语补足语时位于宾
语的后面。这些是副词的基本用法，应牢记和熟练掌握。
具体解读
(1)副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或修饰整个句子，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等。
①[2020·全国卷Ⅰ]Landing on the moon's far side is extremely challenging.
登陆月球的背面是极其有挑战性的。
②[2021·全国乙卷书面表达] Besides, we can absorb all kinds of resources to learn more efficiently.
此外，我们可以吸收各种资源来更有效地学习。
③[2020·新高考山东卷读后续写]Needless to say, they were deeply moved, especially Bernard who finally found a way to make money for his family.不用说，他们都深受感动，尤其是伯纳德，他终于找到了赚钱养家
的方法。
(2) 常 考 的 连 接 性 副 词 ： though“ 然 而 ， 可 是 ”( 用 于 句 末 ); meanwhile“ 在 此 期 间 ” ； therefore/thus/consequently“因此，所以” ； moreover/furthermore“而且，此外” ； besides“另外，还有”；
however“然而” ； instead“相反，代替” ； anyway/anyhow“尽管，即使这样” ； otherwise“否则”。
The young man couldn't afford a new car. Instead, he bought a used one.
那个年轻人买不起新车，便买了一辆二手的。
The house was too expensive and too big. Besides ，I'd grown fond of our little rented house.
这个房子太贵、太大了，而且，我已经越来越喜欢我们租的这间小屋了。
(
三、形容词和副词的辨析
)
1. early ，alone, enough, fast, better, best, downstairs, upstairs, far, under, straight, ( 表示方位) left,
right, back, front, (表示数量) little, much
He always gets up early, because he knows that the early bird catches the worm.他总是起床很早，因为他知道
早起的鸟儿有虫吃。 (前者为副词，作状语；后者为形容词，作定语)
He likes to be alone and always goes out alone.他喜欢一个人，总是单独外出。(前者为形容词，作表语；
后者为副词，作状语)
2. hard, very, past, still, well, that, this 等
Hard work leads to success.努力工作通向成功。 (为形容词作定语，意为“艰苦的，努力的”)
Under the leadership of the Party, the people are working hard.在党的领导下，人民努力工作。(为副词作状语，
意为“努力地”)
Stand still while I take a photo of you.我给你拍照的时候站着别动。 (为形容词作表语，意为“不动的；静止的”)
Although it was midnight, our teacher were still working.尽管半夜了，我们老师依然在工作。(为副词作状
语，意为“仍然”)
3.既可作形容词又可作副词且有-ly 表抽象概念(有-ly)的词
情况 形容词 副词（抽象含义）
deep 深的 The hole is deep.这个洞很深。 深地；在深处 He worked deep into the night.他工作到深夜。
deeply 深深地；深刻地 He is deeply moved .他被深深地打动了。
wide 宽阔的；宽的 The river is 10 meters wide. 关阔地；充分地 Open your eyes wide.睁大你的眼睛。
widely 广泛地 English is widely used in the world.英语在世界上被普遍应用。
high 高的 高；向高处 He jumps high.他跳的很高。
highly 高度地；非常 He is highly spoken of.他被高度评价。
close 近的；亲密的；仔细的 He is my close friend. 他是我关系很好的朋友。 挨着；接近 Stand close to the door.站的挨着门。
closely 密切地 Listen closely.仔细地听。
4 ．有无-ly 意义大不相同的形容词和副词
hard 与 hardly He works hard at his lessons.他努力学习功课。 (副词，意为“努力地”) The news is so good that I can hardly believe it's true.这个消息太好了， 我简直不 敢相信这是真的。 (副词，意为“几乎不”)
sharp 与 sharply It was twelve o'clock sharp.现在 12 点整了。 (副词，意为“整点，恰好”) “Don't talk nonsense” ， she said sharply. “别胡扯” ，她严厉地说。(副词， 意为 “严厉地”)
fair 与 fairly One learns to fight hard but fight fair, to win without pride and to lose with grace. 一个人要学会努力奋斗，但要公平奋斗，赢而不骄，输而不失风度。 (副词， 意为“公平地”) It is fairly warm today.今天相当暖和。 (副词，意为“相当，很”)
near 与 nearly MayDay is drawing near.五一即将到来。 (副词，意为“在附近；不久以后”) My teacher is nearly 60 years old, and he teaches well.我的老师将近 60 岁， 他教 得很好。 (副词，意为“几乎，将近”)
short 与 shortly Paper is running short.纸快用完了。 (副词，意为“短缺地”) He'll be back shortly.他很快就会回来。 (副词，意为“不久”)
most 与 mostly What struck me most was his courage.最令我吃惊的是他的勇气。 (副词， much 的最高级，意为“最”) It was a most touching scene.那是极其动人的场面。 (形容词，意为“很；十分； 极其”) They are mostly visiting scientists.他们大多是来访的科学家。(副词， 意为“大部 分地，主要地”)
1.（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷 语法填空）No matter where I buy them, one steamer is (rare) enough, yet two
seems greedy, so I am always left wanting more next time.
2.（2023·新高考Ⅱ卷 语法填空）So, what are they learning (basic), how to describe a panda’s life.
1.（2023·粤湘鄂名校联盟高三第一次联考） In December 2014, Jingdezhen was 38 (official) approved
by UNESCO and joined the Creative City Network, gaining itself the “City of Crafts and Folk Art” title.
2.（2023·浙江省 9 1 高中联盟年高三 5 月高考模拟） The Chinese team, with certification from the UN,
comprised high-quality and well-equipped personnel with the capacity to carry out search and rescue operations
(efficient) at the same time in two locations.
3.（2023·广东省高三开学大联考） 42 (additional), Chinese people like to drink hot water or tea with
their meals since hot water is helpful for digestion according to traditional Chinese medicine.
过关检测
1.【2023 届湖南省长沙市湖南师范大学附属中学高三下学期模拟】Baduajin is one of the oldest health and fitness therapies in China, and it was 34 (original) created 800 years ago during the Song Dynasty
(960-1279).
2.【2023·江苏省四所名校高三期中联考】Qian was extremely 43 (knowledge), especially in the area of
frontier science research.
3.【2023 届山西省高三 1 月适应性调研考试（一模）】The Long March-5 is China’s most 40 (power)
launch vehicle currently in operational service, with a maximum payload capacity of 25 tonnes to low Earth
orbit(LEO). It has been used to send China’s three space station modules, weighing about 66 tonnes, into LEO.
4.【2023 届浙江省宁波市高三上学期高考与选考模拟】The skilled bamboo craftsmen are recording the daily
detailed production process of their handicrafts on social media, which are regarded as a “ 38 (mystery)
Chinese power” in the eyes of foreign netizens.
5.【浙江省宁波市镇海中学 2022-2023 学年高三上学期 12 月模拟】This is because Qixi carries itself a symbolic
meaning: choose your own love and remain 45 (faith) for life.
6.【2023 届湖南省长沙市雅礼中学高三下学期二模】 29 (astonish), no matter how close one is to the
stage, they just can’t tell how the masks change.
7【2023 届辽宁省沈阳市第二中学高三下学期模拟考试】Thanks to social media recommendations, Zibo has
53 (wide) spread on Chinese social media platforms.
8【2023 届山东省济南市山东师范大学附属中学高三模拟】Traditional Chinese medicine usually uses skills like
acupuncture (针刺), cupping and specialized massage 65 (know) as Tuina.
9【2023 届山东省济南市山东师范大学附属中学高三模拟】“We take 68 relationship between the
human being and nature, and between the human being and the inside of the body 69 (serious).
10【2023 届重庆市第八中学校高三下学期高考考前模拟】It’s twice the size of New York City’s Central Park. West Lake’s natural beauty and 72 (history) relics have inspired Chinese poets and artists throughout
time.
11【2023 届江西省师范大学附属中学三模】The game is 85 (typical) played in a group of at least 3
players with a rope about 16 feet 86 length tied into a circle.
12【2023 届山东省实验中学高三二模】 98 (actual), more than 100 countries in the world speak
English now.
13【2023 届山东省实验中学高三二模】 This 100 (influence) status has caused the IOC to make
English one of the official languages.
14【2023 年河南省部分名校高三 5 月底联考】What’s more, many Chinatowns have associations that schedule
regular activities for their members and provide 8 (society) services.
15【2023 年河南省部分名校高三 5 月底联考】Many Chinatowns provide a 9 (cultural) different
experience.
16【2023 届湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学高三 5 月适应性考试】
The fame of Zibo barbecue used to be limited to just Shandong Province. 16 (previous), barbecue
in Northeast China was much more popular across the country.
17【2023 届山东省日照市高三下学期三模】It is 25 (definite) centered on companionship fields.
18【2023 届四川省成都市石室中学高三高考冲刺卷】Du Bo, head of Tahe county’s bureau (局) of culture, radio, television and tourism in Heilongjiang province, drew the attention of Chinese netizens by a short video, in 43 Du wears a white headwear of deer antlers (鹿角), 44 (dress) like a “white deer fairy” wandering in
a snow-covered birch forest.
19【2023 届四川省成都市石室中学高三高考冲刺卷】Despite (尽管) the fact that the short video was 48 (complete) successful, Du said she would devote herself more to 49 (explore) the use of social media platforms in future, which, she thinks, can help harvest more potential tourists 50 traditional means of
promotion.
20【2023 届浙江省重点中学拔尖学生培养联盟高三 5 月】The exhibition is divided into three galleries 54 showcase the history of the unification of China by Emperor Qin Shi Huang, his tomb, and the 55
(mystery) Terracotta Warriors.
21【2023 届浙江省重点中学拔尖学生培养联盟高三 5 月】At the opening ceremony on Tuesday, Carlos Mazon,
president of Alicante provincial council, called the exhibition “a 58 (history) moment.”
22.【2022 届广东省高三综合能力测试（三）】The Shenzhou-13 crew have 61 (safe) returned to Earth after their six- month orbital trip, 62 nearly doubled the previous record of China’s longest single- flight
space mission of 92 days set by the Shenzhou-12.
23. （2023·广东省梅州市高三二模）So they (final) agreed. Wan began to record her grandpa’s life in
videos, which were posted to Douyin (抖音).
24.【2023 届江苏省南京市金陵中学高三模拟测试】Tea is commonly considered native to Southern China. However, in a garden in Geling village in Metog county in the Tibet autonomous region, the morning air is filled
with the sweet aroma of 71 (fresh) picked tea.
25.【2023 届安徽省合肥市第六中学高三最后一卷】 Images of similar instruments can be found in a Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1279) sculpture, and the characters 90 (literal)mean“three strings”, first appeared in a
Ming Dynasty(1368-1644)text.
26.【2023 届江西省重点中学盟校高三第二次联考】Zhao Hongwei, chief researcher of the China Academy of
Railway Sciences, told China Daily the more 92 (advance) model, which has a top operating speed of 400
kilometers per hour and the potential 93 (reach) speed of up to 450 km/h, will soon be unveiled.
27.（河北省石家庄市2023 年高三第二学期全过程试题) A video clip of Zhang Huiyu, a Chinese girl with visual impairment (受损), (passionate) reciting “Ode to the Yellow River” has recently attracted a lot of attention
online.
28.（2023 届江苏省南通徐州市等 5 地高三三模试题）You can sit inside a (tradition) teahouse and
take in the classical atmosphere as you drink tea.
29 ．(2023· 四川省成都市第八中学高三二模) (advance) technologies are increasingly playing a major
role in Chinese museums.
真题演练
(
2023
年
)
1.【2023 年全国乙卷】The 49 (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, 50 (mean) there is always something new to
discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
2.【2023 年全国乙卷】However, instead of the brownish red hair she had hoped for, she final got purple hair.
3.【2023 年全国乙卷】At least one thing proved truth: the color wouldn’t wash out.
4.【2023 年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】So, what are they learning 43 (basic), how to describe a panda’s life.
5.【2023 年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, 36 (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street
food.
6.【2023 年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】No matter where I buy them, one steamer is 44 (rare) enough, yet two seems
greedy, so I am always left 45 (want) more next time.
7.【2023 年全国甲卷】 47 (difference) from traditional fables, Carson’s story ends with an accusation
instead of a moral. 8.【2023 年全国甲卷】The bees, butterfly and many other insects looked lovely and beautifully
on the stamps.
9. 【2023 年北京卷】 I’m British. Soon after moving to Switzerland, I 11 (throw) a house-warming
party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up 12 (exact) on time.
10. 【2023 年浙江卷 1 月】The term “hutong”, 57 (original)meaning “water well” in Mongolian,
appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty.
11. 【2023 年浙江卷 1 月】The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by 61 (space)homes and walled
gardens.
(
2022
年
)
1. 【 2022 新高考 I 卷 】 The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate populations and
homes of giant pandas, and (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
2.【2022 全国甲卷】Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more (meaning).
3.【2022 全国乙卷】It can help to build a community with a (share) future for mankind,” he said.
4. 【2022 年浙江卷 1 月】On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, （rough） 200
academics - many of them climate scientists have promised to fly as little as possible since the effort started two
years ago.
5.【2022 新高考二卷】On the day of the accident, Mrs. Brown was at work and Eric was at home with his father. They both fell 38 (sleep) while watching TV. When he looked down, he 40 (accidental ) slipped and fell over the edge.
【2022 年全国乙卷】We all know that cycling is a greatly exercise.
7.【2022 年全国甲卷】I felt so closely to him.
8. 【2022 年天津卷第二次】The experienced climber was the potential danger in such extreme weather
and decided to wait until the following day.
A. completely blind to B. totally lost in
C. pretty keen on D. well aware of
(
2021
年
)
1.【2021 新高考 1 卷】The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It
will 3 (undoubted) help you get refreshed!
2.【2021 新高考 1 卷】But that's how nature is—always leaving us 5 (astonish).
3.【2021 全国甲卷】Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and watchtowers
to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their 10 (day) routines.
4.【2021 全国乙卷 】Provide 8 (finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples.
5.【2021.1 浙江卷】 But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries
had narrowed 8 (sharp).
6.【2021 全国乙卷 改错】What's most, doing housework can be a form of mentally relaxation from study.
7. 【 2021 全 国 乙 卷 】 It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become 1 (educate) about the areas—both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics,
and often provides money for conservation and benefits the development of the local areas.
8 ．【2021 年新高考全国Ⅱ 卷】I told him how 61 (harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked
him to consider using more eco-friendly options.
9. 【2021 年新高考全国Ⅱ 卷】I was so 62 (excite) when he wrote back to me.
10.【2021 年全国乙卷】It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become 61 (educate)about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides
money for conservation and benefits the 62 (develop)of the local areas.
11. 【2021 年北京卷】Sam walked her to a nearby convenience store so that she could 16 （safe） wait
for the police to take her home .
12.【2021 年天津卷第一次】As working from home becomes common, people are finding it easier to
combine parenthood with a full-time career.
A ．increasingly B ．equally C ．nervously D ．confusingly
13.【2021 年天津卷第二次】 The police searched the area for several days. , they found the piece of
evidence they were looking for.
A. Generally B. Originally
C. Eventually D. Unfortunately
14. 【2021 年天津卷第二次】It’s a good idea to choose a(n) destination in case your first-choice tourist
spot is not available.
A. annual B. exact C. alternative D. pleasant
(
2020
年
)
1.【2020 年新课标Ⅰ】Landing on the moon’s far side is 62. (extreme) challenging.
2.【2020 年新课标Ⅰ】Today I tried cooking a simply dish myself.
3.【2020 年新课标Ⅱ】 66. (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must. Bamboo plants are
associated 67. health, abundance and a happy home. ...
Branches of Plum Blossoms (梅花): The 69. (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾)
make fantastic decorations.
4.【2020 年新课标Ⅱ】I’m surely you’ll have a good time. ... Best of luck with yours learning kung fu in China. See
you sooner.
5.【2020 年新课标Ⅲ】As the small boat moved, 68. (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the
mountains being silently reflected in the water.
6.【2020 年新课标Ⅲ】In order to make surely all of us are in good health, and she makes specific plans for us.
7.【2020 年新高考全国Ⅰ 卷（山东卷）】In the 18th and 19th centuries, 36. (wealth) people travelled and collected
plants, historical objects and works of art.
8.【2020 年浙江卷 1 月】 The first is declining birthrates, which means old generations are
large 60 (compare)to younger generations, and so, on average, the population becomes 61 (old)than
before. This is 62 (particular)true in the US. The second reason is that people are living longer.
9.【2020 年北京卷】 Oliver says if you're 2 (luck) enough to have someone close to you who enjoys
cooking, ask them 3 you can join in when it's possible.
10. 【2020 年天津卷第一次】With the widespread use of the Internet, communications across the world have
developed over the years.
A. steadily B. differently C. independently D. formally
11.【2020 年江苏卷】 The outbreak of Covid-19 has meant an change in our life and work.
A. absurd B. abrupt C. allergic D. authentic
(
2019
年
)
1.【2019 年全国卷 Ⅰ】It is difficult to figure out a global population of polarbears as much of the range has been
62 (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polarbears worldwide.
2. 【2019年全国卷 Ⅰ】 I became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident....I stopped the ball and
kicked it hardly back to the playground. 3.【2019 年全国卷Ⅱ】 Her years of hard work have 63 (final)been
acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名)her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.
...
But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It's 70 (wonder).”
4.【2019 年全国卷Ⅱ】First, I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked so coolly. ... One was that I was
amazing at the fact that a sick person could feel much more better after seeing a doctor.
5. 【 2019 年全 国卷 III 】 They also shared with us many 67 (tradition)stories about Hawaii that were
68 (huge)popular with tourists.
6.【2019 年全国卷 III】 What I want is not just an ordinarily cafe but a very special one.
7.【2019 年北京卷】Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to
attend, and it’s never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and 10 (meaning)college
experience.
8.【2019 年浙江卷 6 月】 When the children are walking or 59 (cycle) to school on dark mornings, car
drivers can 60 (easy) see them.
...
School uniforms are 65 (tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them.
9.【2018 年浙江卷 11 月】 58 (recent), caffeine has found its way into orange, apple, and other
flavored drinks.
10.【2019 年江苏卷】Unlike traditional gyms, app-backed gyms offer people options to exercise.
A. casual B. regular C. flexible D. tight
11.【2019 年天津卷】A dog's eating habit requires regular training before it is established.
A. properly B. widely
C. originally D. temporarily2024届高考高三英语复习——形容词和副词的用法
1. 三年真题形容词和副词考点细目表
时间 卷次 语法填空/短文改错/单项选择
2023 年 新高考 I 卷 语法填空: 36_tasty (taste); 44 rarely (rare)
新高考 II 卷 语法填空: 43_Basically__ (basic)
全国甲卷 语法填空: 47 Different (difference) 短文改错： truth 改为 true; beautifully 改为 beautiful
全国乙卷 语法填空: 49 remarkable (remark) 短文改错： final 改为 finally
北京卷 语法填空: 12_ exactly (exact)
浙江卷 (1 月)语法填空: 57_ originally (original); 61_spacious (space); 62simply (simple) (6 月)语法填空:
天津卷 单项选择：
2022 年 新高考 I 卷 语法填空: eventually (eventual)
新高考 II 卷 语法填空: 38 aslpeep (sleep); 40accidentally (accidental )
全国甲卷 语法填空: meaningful (meaning) 短文改错： closely 改为 close
全国乙卷 语法填空: / 短文改错： greatly 改为 great
北京卷 语法填空: /
浙江卷 (1 月)语法填空: roughly （rough） (6 月)语法填空: /
天津卷 单项选择： well aware of
2021 年 新高考 I 卷 语法填空: 3 undoubtedly (undoubted); 5 astonished (astonish)
新高考 II 卷 语法填空: 61harmful (harm); 62_excited (excite)
全国甲卷 语法填空: 10 daily (day) 短文改错： /
全国乙卷 语法填空: 8 financial (finance); 1educated (educate) 短文改错： mentally 改为 mental
北京卷 语法填空: 16safely （safe）
浙江卷 (1 月)语法填空: 8 sharply (sharp) (6 月)语法填空: /
天津卷 （第一次） 单项选择: increasingly （第二次）单项选择: Eventually; alternative
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】
近 3 年高考卷对于形容词和副词的考查一直是重点和热点，主要考查：
1. 在语篇型填空和短文改错中的形容词和副词的句法功能；
2. 对形容词和副词的词性转换也是近几年高考考查的重点之一。
【备考策略】
1. 掌握形容词和副词的句法功能；
2. 掌握形容词和副词的词性转换基本规律；
【命题预测】
语法填空和短文改错对形容词的考查仍然会成为高考的重点，主要集中考查形容词和副词的词形转换，
形容词的相关句型用法。
考点一 形容词的构成与句法功能
一、形容词的构词规律
类别 例词
词尾加-y cloud→cloudy, luck→lucky, health→healthy, sleep→sleepy
词尾加-(e)d gift→gifted, talent→talented, advance→advanced, excite→excited
词尾加-ing surprise→surprising, convince→convincing, frighten→frightening
词尾加 -ful/-less meaning→meaningful/meaningless, care→careful/careless, help→helpful/helpless, harm→harmful/harmless, home→homeless, colour→colourful/colourless, use→useful/useless, thank→thankful/thankless, peace→peaceful/peaceless
词尾加-able comfort→comfortable, knowledge→knowledgeable, accept→acceptable, respect→respectable
词尾加-ous danger→dangerous, courage→courageous, humour→humorous
词尾的-ce 变 为-t confidence→confident, difference→different
词尾加-al music→musical, person→personal, nation→national, education→educational, tradition→traditional
词尾加-ly friend→friendly, week→weekly, love→lovely
词尾加-en wood→wooden, wool→woolen
其他常见变 化 energy→energetic, fool→foolish, pleasure→pleasant/pleased, science→scientific 以重读闭音节结尾的名词变成形容词时， 要双写该辅音字母再加-y(如 sun→sunny, fun→funny 等)，以 e 结尾的名词要去掉 e 再加-y(如 noise→noisy, ice→icy, taste→tasty 等)
动词词尾加 -ive/-ative attract→attractive, talk→talkative, prevent→preventive, protect→protective
二.词形转换的具体总结
形容词后缀
1 ．形容词后缀-able
(1)能…… 的；可…… 的
accept→acceptable
adapt→adaptable
adjust→adjustable
可接受的
能适应的
可调节的
afford→affordable
rely→reliable
change→changeable
admire→admirable
believe→believable
负担得起的
可信赖的，可依靠的
易变的
可钦佩的
可相信的
(2)具有…… 的特点
enjoy→enjoyable
suit→suitable
comfort→comfortable
fashion→fashionable
reason→reasonable
value→valuable
knowledge→knowledgeable
2 ．形容词后缀-ful/-less
cheer→cheerful
doubt→doubtful
forget→forgetful
thought→thoughtful
peace→peaceful
success→successful
regret→regretful
令人愉快的
合适的
舒适的
时髦的
合理的
有价值的
有丰富知识的，博学的
兴高采烈的
怀疑的
健忘的
周到的；深思的
和平的
成功的
后悔的
harm→harmful 有害的→harmless 无害的
help→helpful 有帮助的→helpless 无助的；无能的
hope→hopeful 有希望的→hopeless 绝望的
use→useful 有用的→useless 无用的；无效的
power→powerful 强有力的→powerless 无力的
meaning→meaningful 有意义的→meaningless 无意义的
3 ．形容词后缀-ive/-ative
act→active
attract→attractive
impress→impressive
instruct→instructive
create→creative
progress→progressive
talk→talkative
effect→effective
积极的；活跃的
有吸引力的
给人深刻印象的
有教育意义的
创造性的
进步的
健谈的（别忘了字母 a）
有效的
4 ．形容词后缀-ous（ous 还是 ious 一定要记清楚）
continue→continuous
anxiety→anxious
caution→cautious
curiosity→curious
danger→dangerous
humor→humorous
mountain→mountainous
poison→poisonous
ambition→ambitious
religion→religious
space→spacious
5 ．形容词后缀-ble/-ible
horror→horrible
terror→terrible
vision→visible
access→accessible
6 ．形容词后缀-y
fog→foggy
taste→tasty
luck→lucky
不断的；持续的
忧虑的
小心的；谨慎的
好奇的
危险的
幽默的
多山的
有毒的
有野心的
宗教的
宽敞的；广阔的
可怕的；恐怖的
可怕的；糟糕的
看得见的
容易达到的；容易取得的
多雾的
美味的；可口的
幸运的
health→healthy 健康的
dirt→dirty 有灰尘的；脏的
greed→greedy 贪婪的
sun→sunny 阳光明媚的
wealth→wealthy 富裕的；丰富的
7 ．形容词后缀-al/-ial
culture→cultural 文化的
agriculture→agricultural 农业的
practice→practical 实际的
music→musical 音乐的
origin→original 最初的
person→personal 个人的；私人的
center→central 中央的；中心的
nature→natural 自然的；天生的
tradition→traditional 传统的
option→optional 可选择的，选修的
profession→professional 专业的；职业的
benefit→beneficial 有益的
face→facial 面部的（看起来很简单但很容易错）
industry→industrial 工业的
finance→financial 金融的
8 ．形容词后缀-ic
science→scientific 科学的
economy→economic 经济的
history→historic 历史上著名的
history→historical 具有重大历史意义的
energy→energetic 精力充沛的
class→classic 经典的
9 ．形容词后缀-en
wood→wooden 木制的
gold→golden 金色的
wool→wool(l)en 羊毛的
10 ．形容词后缀-ly
dead→deadly 致命的
live→lively 活跃的
friend→friendly 友好的
year→yearly 每年的
month→monthly 每月的
week→weekly 每周的
day→daily 每日的； 日常的
cost→costly 昂贵的
order→orderly 有次序的
三.形容词的功能
在句中可作定语、表语、宾语补足语、主语补足语、状语等。
一般情况下，单个的形容词作定语放在被修饰的词之后，形容词短语放在被修饰的词之前。
He is the only man alive in the village after the earthquake.地震后他是那个村子里唯一活着的人。
It is a problem difficult to solve.这是个难以解决的问题。
■名师点津
(1)形容词作状语主要表示原因、结果或伴随等，其逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。
Light-hearted and optimistic, she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile. 她
无忧无虑、积极乐观，是那种用微笑给别人带来快乐的人。
(2)有些以-ly 结尾的词是形容词，而不是副词。常见的有：friendly, lovely, lively, lonely, elderly, deadly
等。
2 ．副词的基本用法
(1) 副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等。
(2019·天津卷)A dog’seating habit requires regular training before it is properly established.
狗的饮食习惯在正确建立之前需要定期的训练。
■名师点津
有些副词， 如 fortunately, luckily, surprisingly, honestly, actually, personally 等作评注性状语， 往往修饰整
个句子，而且它们常位于句首，且有逗号与后面的句子分开。
(安徽卷)Thankfully, I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end. 谢天谢地， 我
终于打完比赛了，所有的辛苦最终都是值得的。
（2）有些副词置于句首可修饰全句，作评注性状语。如： obviously ，naturally ，surprisingly 等
Fortunately ，he was not drowned and was saved by the PLA.
幸运的是，他没被淹死，被解放军给救了。
Happily for her ，her stepmother was kind to her.
高兴的是，她的继母对她很好。
四、多个形容词修饰名词的顺序
多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为：
限定词→数词→描绘词→(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) → 出处→材料性质→类别→名词
a small round table
a tall gray building
a dirty old brown shirt
a famous German medical school
an expensive Japanese sports car
五、 形容词、副词辨析
形容词副词的区别及用法
1. late 和 later
He is late. He is half an hour late. 他迟到了，迟到了半小时。
Three minutes later, he arrived. 三分钟后，他来了。
2. pleased, pleasing 与 pleasant
（1）pleased 的含义是“感到满意，高兴” ，后常跟介词 at, with。例如：
I'm pleased to see you here. 在这儿见到你很高兴。
She's pleased with our programme. 她对我们的节目很满意。
（2）pleasing 表示“令人欣喜的” ，相当于“giving pleasure”。例如：
My sister's progress in dancing is pleasing. 我姐姐在舞蹈方面的进步令人高兴。
The baby has a pleasing voice. 这个婴儿的声音很悦耳。
（3）pleasant 表示“快乐的，愉快的” 。例如：
The girl has a pleasant childhood. 这个女孩有一个快乐的童年。
To have a pleasant holiday is my favorite. 过一个愉快的假期是我最喜欢的。
3. living, alive 与 live
（1）living 作定语时，既可置于所修饰的名词之前，也可置于所修饰的名词之后，译为"活着的,当代的"。在
句中充当定语及表语。例如：
Not all living things live on sunlight. 并非所有的生物都依赖阳光生存。
My grandparents are still living. 我的祖父母仍然健在。
（2）alive 译为“活着的” ，可以在句中作表语及定语。作定语时，位于它所修饰的名词之后。例如：
He may be the busiest person alive. 他可能是世上最忙的人了。
Is that sheep dead or alive 那头羊是死了还是活着？
（3）alive 还有“活泼的，活动的，有生机的”之意。例如：
You seem very much alive today. 你今天看起来很活跃。
（4）live 表示“活着的” ，做“现场直播”讲时可以用作形容词、副词，在句子中可以作定语，表语。
The programme is live./The programme is broadcast live. 这个节目是现场直播的。
4. worth ，worthy 与 worthwhile
（1）worth 意为“值得的” ，后接 v-ing 形式，构成“be worth doing”结构，也可接表示价格的名词及钱数；
（2）worthy 意为“ 值得的” ，后接“of+名词（或 being+过去分词） , 构成“be worthy of+名词（或 being
done）”结构或“be worthy to be done”结构。
（3）be worthwhile to do sth/doing sth 例如：
This coat is worth one hundred yuan. 这件上衣价值一百元。
This problem is worthy of being discussed. 这个问题值得讨论。
5. too 、also 、either
too 和 also 用于肯定句、疑问句，too 多用于口语， also 多用于书面语，either 用于否定句。 Too 常用在句末，
also 常用在句中。
Are they coming too 他们也来吗
She is young and beautiful, and also rich. 她年轻漂亮，而且有钱。
He hasn’t finished it, either. 他也还没有做完。
6. likely 与 possible, probable
likely 的主语可以是 it 也可以是名词或其它代词，而 possible 和 probable 只能用 it 作主语。
7. most 与 mostly
most 做形容词或代词，如：most students, most of us ；mostly 为副词，表示大部分情况下，或成分中大部分。
如：
（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷 语法填空）Xiao long bao(soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, 56. (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favourite
Chinese street food.
【答案】tasty
【解析】考查形容词。句意:小笼包(汤包),那些精致的饺子皮,包裹着热腾腾的美味汤汁和甜甜的鲜肉,无疑是
我最喜欢的中国街头小吃。形容词修饰后面的名词 soup 作定语,故空处需用 tasty “美味的”。
1.【2023·粤湘鄂名校联盟高三第一次联考】His ceramic works, both 43 (function) and sculptural, are
full of elements of fashion, humor, and character painted on with traditional Chinese ink.
【答案】functional
【解析】考查形容词。句意：他的陶瓷作品，无论是功能性的还是雕塑性的，都充满了时尚、幽默和中国
传统水墨人物画的元素。根据后文 and sculptural 可知应用 function 的形容词形式，故填 functional。
2.【2023·河南省安阳市 TOP 二十名校摸底】Yin is receptive and feminine; while Yang is 49 (act) and
masculine (阳性的). It’s believed that odd (奇数的) numbers belong to yang and even numbers belong to yin.
【答案】 active
【解析】考查形容词。句意：阴善于接纳，阴柔；而阳则活跃，阳刚。作表语，表示“活跃”应用形容词
active。故填 active。
3.【2023·湖南省益阳市质量检测】Zheng He’s efforts helped develop 42 (harmony) relations with these countries and regions, introducing foreign people to Chinese culture, and allowing the Chinese to better understand
overseas lands.
【答案】harmonious
【解析】考查形容词。句意：郑和的努力有助于发展与这些国家和地区的和谐关系，使外国人民了解中国
文化，并使中国人更好地了解海外土地。分析句子可知， 空处填形容词harmonious“和谐的”，修饰名词relations，
作其前置定语。故填 harmonious。
考点二 副词的构成与句法功能
一、副词的构词规律
类别 例词
形容词＋后缀-ly clear→clearly, great→greatly, loud→loudly, sudden→suddenly, sincere→sincerely
以辅音字母加-y 结尾的 形容词， 把 y 变成 i 再加 -ly happy→happily, heavy→heavily, angry→angrily, lucky→luckily, noisy→noisily*shy→shyly(y 的发音为/a /，直接加-ly)
词尾为-ble/-le 的形容词， 去掉 e ，再加-y terrible→terribly, possible→possibly, gentle→gently, probable→probably, comfortable→comfortably, responsible→responsibly, suitable→suitably (例外： whole→wholly)
词尾为-ue 的形容词，去 掉 e 再加-ly true→truly(高中阶段仅此一例)
词尾为-ll 的形容词，直 接加-y full→fully, dull→dully
词尾为-ic 的形容词，加 -ally basic→basically, scientific→scientifically, specific→specifically, automatic→automatically
二、副词的句法功能
副词是一种词类，常用于限制、说明、修饰形容词、动词、分词、副词、介词短语、分词、句子等。副词 在句子中用作状语时，常位于动词的后面、形容词的前面、句首等位置；副词在句子中作表语时位于系动 词之后；副词在句子中作定语时位于所修饰或限制的修饰词的后面；副词在句子中作宾语补足语时位于宾
语的后面。这些是副词的基本用法，应牢记和熟练掌握。
具体解读
(1)副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或修饰整个句子，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等。
①[2020·全国卷Ⅰ]Landing on the moon's far side is extremely challenging.
登陆月球的背面是极其有挑战性的。
②[2021·全国乙卷书面表达] Besides, we can absorb all kinds of resources to learn more efficiently.
此外，我们可以吸收各种资源来更有效地学习。
③[2020·新高考山东卷读后续写]Needless to say, they were deeply moved, especially Bernard who finally found a way to make money for his family.不用说，他们都深受感动，尤其是伯纳德，他终于找到了赚钱养家
的方法。
(2) 常 考 的 连 接 性 副 词 ： though“ 然 而 ， 可 是 ”( 用 于 句 末 ); meanwhile“ 在 此 期 间 ” ； therefore/thus/consequently“因此，所以” ； moreover/furthermore“而且，此外” ； besides“另外，还有”；
however“然而” ； instead“相反，代替” ； anyway/anyhow“尽管，即使这样” ； otherwise“否则”。
The young man couldn't afford a new car. Instead, he bought a used one.
那个年轻人买不起新车，便买了一辆二手的。
The house was too expensive and too big. Besides ，I'd grown fond of our little rented house.
这个房子太贵、太大了，而且，我已经越来越喜欢我们租的这间小屋了。
(
三、形容词和副词的辨析
)
1. early ，alone, enough, fast, better, best, downstairs, upstairs, far, under, straight, ( 表示方位) left,
right, back, front, (表示数量) little, much
He always gets up early, because he knows that the early bird catches the worm.他总是起床很早，因为他知道
早起的鸟儿有虫吃。 (前者为副词，作状语；后者为形容词，作定语)
He likes to be alone and always goes out alone.他喜欢一个人，总是单独外出。(前者为形容词，作表语；
后者为副词，作状语)
2. hard, very, past, still, well, that, this 等
Hard work leads to success.努力工作通向成功。 (为形容词作定语，意为“艰苦的，努力的”)
Under the leadership of the Party, the people are working hard.在党的领导下，人民努力工作。(为副词作状语，
意为“努力地”)
Stand still while I take a photo of you.我给你拍照的时候站着别动。 (为形容词作表语，意为“不动的；静止的”)
Although it was midnight, our teacher were still working.尽管半夜了，我们老师依然在工作。(为副词作状
语，意为“仍然”)
3.既可作形容词又可作副词且有-ly 表抽象概念(有-ly)的词
情况 形容词 副词（抽象含义）
deep 深的 The hole is deep.这个洞很深。 深地；在深处 He worked deep into the night.他工作到深夜。
deeply 深深地；深刻地 He is deeply moved .他被深深地打动了。
wide 宽阔的；宽的 The river is 10 meters wide. 关阔地；充分地 Open your eyes wide.睁大你的眼睛。
widely 广泛地 English is widely used in the world.英语在世界上被普遍应用。
high 高的 高；向高处 He jumps high.他跳的很高。
highly 高度地；非常 He is highly spoken of.他被高度评价。
close 近的；亲密的；仔细的 He is my close friend. 他是我关系很好的朋友。 挨着；接近 Stand close to the door.站的挨着门。
closely 密切地 Listen closely.仔细地听。
4 ．有无-ly 意义大不相同的形容词和副词
hard 与 hardly He works hard at his lessons.他努力学习功课。 (副词，意为“努力地”) The news is so good that I can hardly believe it's true.这个消息太好了， 我简直不 敢相信这是真的。 (副词，意为“几乎不”)
sharp 与 sharply It was twelve o'clock sharp.现在 12 点整了。 (副词，意为“整点，恰好”) “Don't talk nonsense” ， she said sharply. “别胡扯” ，她严厉地说。(副词， 意为 “严厉地”)
fair 与 fairly One learns to fight hard but fight fair, to win without pride and to lose with grace. 一个人要学会努力奋斗，但要公平奋斗，赢而不骄，输而不失风度。 (副词， 意为“公平地”) It is fairly warm today.今天相当暖和。 (副词，意为“相当，很”)
near 与 nearly MayDay is drawing near.五一即将到来。 (副词，意为“在附近；不久以后”) My teacher is nearly 60 years old, and he teaches well.我的老师将近 60 岁， 他教 得很好。 (副词，意为“几乎，将近”)
short 与 shortly Paper is running short.纸快用完了。 (副词，意为“短缺地”) He'll be back shortly.他很快就会回来。 (副词，意为“不久”)
most 与 mostly What struck me most was his courage.最令我吃惊的是他的勇气。 (副词， much 的最高级，意为“最”) It was a most touching scene.那是极其动人的场面。 (形容词，意为“很；十分； 极其”) They are mostly visiting scientists.他们大多是来访的科学家。(副词， 意为“大部 分地，主要地”)
1.（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷 语法填空）No matter where I buy them, one steamer is (rare) enough, yet two
seems greedy, so I am always left wanting more next time.
【答案】rarely
【解析】考查副词。句意：无论我在哪里买，一蒸笼都不够，而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了，所以我总是想下
次再买。副词 rarely 修饰后面的形容词 enough“足够的”,rarely enough “几乎不够”。
2.（2023·新高考Ⅱ卷 语法填空）So, what are they learning (basic), how to describe a panda’s life.
【答案】Basically
【解析】考查副词。句意:基本上是关于如何描述熊猫的生活。本空置于句首,用逗号和句子隔开,在句中作状
语,应用副词形式。
1.（2023·粤湘鄂名校联盟高三第一次联考） In December 2014, Jingdezhen was 38 (official) approved
by UNESCO and joined the Creative City Network, gaining itself the “City of Crafts and Folk Art” title.
【答案】officially
【解析】考查副词。句意：2014 年 12 月，景德镇正式获得联合国教科文组织批准，加入创意城市网络，获
得“工艺与民间艺术之都”称号。修饰动词 approve 应用副词 officially，作状语。故填 officially。
2.（2023·浙江省 9 1 高中联盟年高三 5 月高考模拟） The Chinese team, with certification from the UN,
comprised high-quality and well-equipped personnel with the capacity to carry out search and rescue operations
(efficient) at the same time in two locations.
【答案】efficiently
【解析】考查副词。句意：见第 8 题详解。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要副词，修饰动词短语 carry
out 。故填 efficiently。
3.（2023·广东省高三开学大联考） 42 (additional), Chinese people like to drink hot water or tea with
their meals since hot water is helpful for digestion according to traditional Chinese medicine.
【答案】Additionally
【解析】考查副词。句意：另外，中国人喜欢在吃饭时喝热水或茶，因为根据中医，热水有助于消化。此
处作状语修饰整个句子，应用副词。故填 Additionally。
过关检测
1.【2023 届湖南省长沙市湖南师范大学附属中学高三下学期模拟】Baduajin is one of the oldest health and fitness therapies in China, and it was 34 (original) created 800 years ago during the Song Dynasty
(960-1279).
34．考查副词。句意：八段锦是中国最古老的健康和健身疗法之一，最初创建于 800 年前的宋代（960 年-1279
年）。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作状语，修饰谓语动词，使用副词，故填 originally。
2.【2023·江苏省四所名校高三期中联考】Qian was extremely 43 (knowledge), especially in the area of
frontier science research.
【答案】knowledgeable
【解析】考查形容词。句意：钱学识渊博，尤其是在前沿科学研究方面。分析句子可知，此处应用形容词
作表语，意为“学识渊博的” ，故空处应填形容词 knowledgeable。故填 knowledgeable。
3.【2023 届山西省高三 1 月适应性调研考试（一模）】The Long March-5 is China’s most 40 (power)
launch vehicle currently in operational service, with a maximum payload capacity of 25 tonnes to low Earth
orbit(LEO). It has been used to send China’s three space station modules, weighing about 66 tonnes, into LEO.
【答案】powerful
【解析】考查形容词。句意：长征五号是中国目前投入运行的最强大的运载火箭，最大有效载荷能力为 25 吨，可进入低地球轨道（LEO）。分析句子结构和意思可知，此处需要形容词，意为“强大的” ，作定语，修
饰后面的名词 launch vehicle。故填 powerful。
4.【2023 届浙江省宁波市高三上学期高考与选考模拟】The skilled bamboo craftsmen are recording the daily
detailed production process of their handicrafts on social media, which are regarded as a “ 38 (mystery)
Chinese power” in the eyes of foreign netizens.
【答案】 mysterious
【解析】考查形容词。句意见上题解析。设空处后为名词， 设空处应用形容词的形式修饰名词。故填mysterious。 5.【浙江省宁波市镇海中学 2022-2023 学年高三上学期 12 月模拟】This is because Qixi carries itself a symbolic
meaning: choose your own love and remain 45 (faith) for life.
【答案】faithful
【解析】考查形容词。句意：这是因为七夕具有象征意义：选择自己的爱情，忠贞一生。 remain“保持”为连
系动词，所以空处用形容词作表语，故填 faithful。
6.【2023 届湖南省长沙市雅礼中学高三下学期二模】 29 (astonish), no matter how close one is to the
stage, they just can’t tell how the masks change.
9. 考查副词。句意：令人惊讶的是，无论离舞台有多近，他们都无法分辨面具是如何变化的。分析句子可
知，空格处应填入副词作状语，句首单词首字母大写。故填 Astonishingly。
7【2023 届辽宁省沈阳市第二中学高三下学期模拟考试】Thanks to social media recommendations, Zibo has
53 (wide) spread on Chinese social media platforms.
53 ．考查副词。句意：由于社交媒体的推荐，淄博在中国社交媒体平台上广泛传播。分析句子可知，空处
修饰动词 spread，应用 wide 的副词形式 widely，意为“广泛地” 。故填 widely。
8【2023 届山东省济南市山东师范大学附属中学高三模拟】Traditional Chinese medicine usually uses skills like
acupuncture (针刺), cupping and specialized massage 65 (know) as Tuina.
65 ．考查形容词。句意：传统中医通常使用针灸、拔罐和被称为“推拿” 的专业按摩等技术。分析句子结构可
知，此处是固定搭配： known as 意为“被称为” ，用形容词作定语。故填 known。
9【2023 届山东省济南市山东师范大学附属中学高三模拟】“We take 68 relationship between the
human being and nature, and between the human being and the inside of the body 69 (serious).
68 ．考查冠词。句意：我们认真对待人与自然、人与身体内部的关系。分析句子结构和句意可知，此处
relationship 后有后置定语修饰，表特指，应该用定冠词修饰。故填 the。
69 ．考查副词，句意：我们认真对待人与自然、人与身体内部的关系。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰动词
take，应该用副词修饰， serious 的副词形式是 seriously。故填 seriously。
10【2023 届重庆市第八中学校高三下学期高考考前模拟】It’s twice the size of New York City’s Central Park. West Lake’s natural beauty and 72 (history) relics have inspired Chinese poets and artists throughout
time.
72 ．考查形容词。句意：西湖的自然美景和历史遗迹一直启发着中国诗人和艺术家的灵感。分析句子可知， 空处是修饰 relics 的定语，应用 history 的形容词形式 historical 或 historic，historical 表示“历史上的”，historical relics 侧重与历史相关， historic 表示“历史上著名的” ，historic relics 侧重是名胜古迹，两者均符合题意。故
填 historical/historic。
11【2023 届江西省师范大学附属中学三模】
The game is 85 (typical) played in a group of at least 3 players with a rope about 16 feet 86
length tied into a circle.
85 ．考查副词。句意：该游戏通常由至少 3 人组成一组，用一根长约 16 英尺的绳子系成一个圆圈。分析句 子结构可知， 此处为副词作状语， 修饰动词 is played，typical 的副词形式为 typically 意为“通常”符合句意和
语法。故填 typically。
86 ．考查介词。句意：该游戏通常由至少 3 人组成一组，用一根长约 16 英尺的绳子系成一个圆圈。分析句 子结构可知，此处为介词与名词 length 构成介词短语，结合句意可知，此处应表示“在……方面”使用介词
in ，in length 意为“在长度方面” ，符合句意。故填 in。
12【2023 届山东省实验中学高三二模】 98 (actual), more than 100 countries in the world speak
English now.
98 ．考查副词。句意：实际上，现在世界上有 100 多个国家说英语。设空处修饰整个句子作状语，应用副
词形式，句首单词首字母大写，故填 Actually。
13【2023 届山东省实验中学高三二模】 This 100 (influence) status has caused the IOC to make
English one of the official languages.
100 ．考查形容词。句意：这种影响力使得国际奥委会将英语作为官方语言之一。设空处修饰名词 status，
应用形容词作定语，故填 influential。
14【2023 年河南省部分名校高三 5 月底联考】What’s more, many Chinatowns have associations that schedule
regular activities for their members and provide 8 (society) services.
8 ．考查形容词。句意：此外，许多唐人街都有协会，为会员安排定期活动并提供社会服务。根据空格后的
名词 services 可知，空格处应填形容词作定语，根据句意“社会的”是 social。故填 social。
15【2023 年河南省部分名校高三 5 月底联考】Many Chinatowns provide a 9 (cultural) different
experience.
9 ．考查副词。句意：许多唐人街提供了不同文化的体验。空格处修饰形容词 different，作状语，应用副词
形式。故填 culturally。
16【2023 届湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学高三 5 月适应性考试】
The fame of Zibo barbecue used to be limited to just Shandong Province. 16 (previous), barbecue
in Northeast China was much more popular across the country.
16 ．考查副词。句意：以前，东北地区的烧烤在全国更受欢迎。副词 previously 做状语修饰句子，首字母大
写，故填 Previously。
17【2023 届山东省日照市高三下学期三模】It is 25 (definite) centered on companionship fields.
25 ．考查副词。句意：它绝对以伴侣领域为中心。此处修饰动词，应用副词 definitely“绝对地” ，作状语。
故填 definitely。
18【2023 届四川省成都市石室中学高三高考冲刺卷】Du Bo, head of Tahe county’s bureau (局) of culture, radio, television and tourism in Heilongjiang province, drew the attention of Chinese netizens by a short video, in 43 Du wears a white headwear of deer antlers (鹿角), 44 (dress) like a “white deer fairy” wandering in
a snow-covered birch forest.
43 ．考查定语从句。句意：黑龙江省塔河县文化广电和旅游局局长 Du Bo 通过一段短视频引起了中国网民
的注意。视频中， Du 戴着白色鹿角头饰，打扮得像一个在白雪皑皑的白桦林中漫步的“ 白鹿仙” 。空处引导
非限制性定语从句，先行词是 video，作介词 in 的宾语，应用关系代词 which，构成“介词+which”引导的定
语从句。故填 which。
44 ．考查形容词。句意同上。be dressed like“打扮得像 ……”是固定短语，此处省略 be，用形容词，作状语。
故填 dressed。
19【2023 届四川省成都市石室中学高三高考冲刺卷】Despite (尽管) the fact that the short video was 48 (complete) successful, Du said she would devote herself more to 49 (explore) the use of social media platforms in future, which, she thinks, can help harvest more potential tourists 50 traditional means of
promotion.
48 ．考查副词。句意：尽管短视频非常成功，但杜表示，她将在未来更多地致力于探索社交媒体平台的使 用，她认为这比传统的推广方式更有助于收获更多的潜在游客。修饰形容词 successful，应用所给词的副词
形式，作状语。故填 completely。
49 ．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。固定短语 devote oneself to“致力于 ……” 中的 to 是介词，因此空处用所给
词的动名词形式作宾语。故填 exploring。
50 ．考查介词。句意同 8 小题。根据空前 more 可知， 此处表示比较， 应填介词 than 引出比较的对象。故填
than。
20【2023 届浙江省重点中学拔尖学生培养联盟高三 5 月】The exhibition is divided into three galleries 54 showcase the history of the unification of China by Emperor Qin Shi Huang, his tomb, and the 55
(mystery) Terracotta Warriors.
54 ．考查定语从句。句意：展览分为三个展厅，分别展示了秦始皇统一中国的历史、他的陵墓和神秘的兵 马俑。空处引导限制性定语从句， 修饰先行词“three galleries”，指物， 且关系词在定语从句中担当主语， 用
关系代词 which 或 that 引导。故填 which 或 that。
55 ．考查形容词。句意：展览分为三个展厅，分别展示了秦始皇统一中国的历史、他的陵墓和神秘的兵马
俑。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词，修饰“Terracotta Warriors”。故填 mysterious。
21【2023 届浙江省重点中学拔尖学生培养联盟高三 5 月】At the opening ceremony on Tuesday, Carlos Mazon,
president of Alicante provincial council, called the exhibition “a 58 (history) moment.”
58 ．考查形容词。句意：在周二的开幕式上，阿利坎特省议会主席 Carlos Mazon 称这次展览是“一个历史性
的时刻” 。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词修饰名词 moment ，意为“历史意义的” ，用 historic。故填
historic。
22.【2022 届广东省高三综合能力测试（三）】The Shenzhou-13 crew have 61 (safe) returned to Earth
after their six- month orbital trip, 62 nearly doubled the previous record of China’s longest single- flight
space mission of 92 days set by the Shenzhou-12.
61 ．考查副词。句意：神舟 13 号机组人员在完成为期 6 个月的轨道飞行后安全返回地球，这几乎是神舟 12 号创造的中国最长单次太空飞行记录（92 天） 的两倍。分析句子可知， 空处缺少副词作状语修饰谓语， safe
的副词形式为 safely。故填 safely。
62 ．考查定语从句。句意：神舟 13 号机组人员在完成为期 6 个月的轨道飞行后安全返回地球，这几乎是神 舟 12 号创造的中国最长单次太空飞行记录（92 天） 的两倍。分析句子可知， 空处缺少关系词， 引导非限制
性定语从句，先行词是空格前的内容，作定语从句的主语，表示事物，用 which 引导。故填 which。
23. （2023·广东省梅州市高三二模）So they (final) agreed. Wan began to record her grandpa’s life in
videos, which were posted to Douyin (抖音).
【答案】finally
【解析】考查副词。句意：所以他们最终同意了。空后 agreed 是动词， 由副词修饰， 所给词 final 是形容词，
其副词是 finally。故填 finally。
24.【2023 届江苏省南京市金陵中学高三模拟测试】Tea is commonly considered native to Southern China. However, in a garden in Geling village in Metog county in the Tibet autonomous region, the morning air is filled
with the sweet aroma of 71 (fresh) picked tea.
71 ．考查副词。句意：然而，在西藏自治区梅托县歌岭村的一个花园里，早晨的空气中弥漫着新鲜采茶的
甜蜜香气。分析可知，设空处修饰形容词 picked，应用副词作状语，故填 freshly。
25.【2023 届安徽省合肥市第六中学高三最后一卷】 Images of similar instruments can be found in a Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1279) sculpture, and the characters 90 (literal)mean“three strings”, first appeared in a
Ming Dynasty(1368-1644)text.
90 ．考查副词。句意：类似乐器的图像可以在南宋（1127-1279）的雕塑中找到，这些字符的字面意思是“三 弦” ，首次出现在明代（1368-1644）的文本中。根据句意和所给形容词 literal 可知，空格处应该填入 literal
的副词形式 literally 作状语，修饰后面的动词 mean 。故填 literally。
26.【2023 届江西省重点中学盟校高三第二次联考】Zhao Hongwei, chief researcher of the China Academy of Railway Sciences, told China Daily the more 92 (advance) model, which has a top operating speed of 400
kilometers per hour and the potential 93 (reach) speed of up to 450 km/h, will soon be unveiled.
92 ．考查形容词。句意：中国铁道科学研究院首席研究员赵宏伟在接受《中国日报》采访时表示，更先进
的模型将很快推出，最高运行速度为 400 公里/小时，最高时速可达 450 公里/小时。根据空前的 more 可知，
此处是形容词比较级，作定语修饰名词 model ，advanced 先进的，形容词，故填 advanced。
93 ．考查动词不定式。句意同上。此处用动词不定式作后置定语，修饰名词 potential，表示“ …… 的潜力”，
故填 to reach。
27.（河北省石家庄市2023 年高三第二学期全过程试题) A video clip of Zhang Huiyu, a Chinese girl with visual impairment (受损), (passionate) reciting “Ode to the Yellow River” has recently attracted a lot of attention
online.
【答案】passionately
【解析】考查副词。句意：近日， 一段中国视力障碍女孩张慧玉激情吟诵《黄河颂》的视频在网上引起了
广泛关注。此处修饰动词 reciting，应用副词形式。故填 passionately。
28.（2023 届江苏省南通徐州市等 5 地高三三模试题）You can sit inside a (tradition) teahouse and
take in the classical atmosphere as you drink tea.
【答案】traditional
【解析】考查形容词。句意：你可以坐在传统的茶馆里，一边喝茶一边感受古典的氛围。此处应用形容词
traditional 作定语，修饰名词 teahouse，故填 traditional。
29 ．(2023· 四川省成都市第八中学高三二模) (advance) technologies are increasingly playing a major
role in Chinese museums.
【答案】Advanced
【解析】考查形容词词形转换。句意：先进的技术在中国的博物馆中发挥着越来越重要的作用。此处修饰
名词 technologies 用形容词，因为位于句首，注意要用大写。故填 Advanced。
真题演练
1.【2023 年全国乙卷】The 49 (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, 50 (mean) there is always something new to
discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
【49 题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这个城市的显著发展，是有意识地在保护过去的同时步入现代世界，这意味着这里总 是有新的东西可以发现， 我可以在接下来的 50 年里一直拍摄北京。分析句子成分可知， 空处为形容词修饰
名词“development of this city”。故填 remarkable。
【50 题详解】
考查时态。句意：这座城市的显著发展，在有意识地保护过去的同时步入现代世界，意味着这里总是有新 的东西等待发现， 我可以在接下来的 50 年里一直拍摄北京。这里为本句谓语动词， 根据上下文可知， 本句
时态为一般现在时；主语为“development”，单数，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填 means。
2.【2023 年全国乙卷】However, instead of the brownish red hair she had hoped for, she final got purple hair.
8.考查副词。句意：然而，她最终得到的不是她所希望的棕红色头发，而是紫色的头发。此处修饰动词 got，
应用副词，作状语。故 final 改为 finally。
3.【2023 年全国乙卷】At least one thing proved truth: the color wouldn’t wash out.
10.考查形容词。句意：至少有一件事被证明是正确的：这种颜色洗不掉。prove 为系动词，表示“证明是”，
后接形容词。故 truth 改为 true。
4.【2023 年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】So, what are they learning 43 (basic), how to describe a panda’s life.
【43 题详解】
考查副词。句意：基本上，如何描述熊猫的生活。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰空后整个句子，应该用副
词修饰， basic 的副词形式是 basically 位于句首，首字母应大写。故填 Basically。
5.【2023 年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, 36 (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street
food.
【36 题详解】
考查形容词。句意：小笼包(汤包)，那些精致的饺子皮，包裹着热腾腾的美味汤和甜甜的鲜肉，是我最喜欢
的中国街头小吃。形容词需修饰后面的名词 soup(汤)，故空格需用 tasty“美味的”作定语，故填 tasty。
6.【2023 年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】No matter where I buy them, one steamer is 44 (rare) enough, yet two seems
greedy, so I am always left 45 (want) more next time.
【44 题详解】
考查副词。句意：无论我在哪里买， 一蒸笼都不够，而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了，所以我总是想下次再买。
修饰形容词用副词作状语， rarely“少有” ，故填 rarely。
【45 题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：无论我在哪里买， 一蒸笼都不够，而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了，所以我总是想下次 再买。分析句子可知，此处考查“leave sb+宾语补足语” ，本句是被动语态，want 是主语补足语，根据句意，
I 与 want 之间是主动的逻辑关系，用现在分词 wanting。故填 wanting。
7.【2023 年全国甲卷】 47 (difference) from traditional fables, Carson’s story ends with an accusation
instead of a moral.
【47 题详解】
考查形容词。句意：与传统寓言不同，卡森的故事以一种指责而不是道德结束。 be different from 与……不
同，所以用形容词作状语。故填 Different。
8.【2023 年全国甲卷】The bees, butterfly and many other insects looked lovely and beautifully on the stamps.
4.考查名词的数。蜜蜂、蝴蝶和许多其他昆虫在邮票上看起来可爱而美丽。句意：根据上文 The bees 可知，
此处应用复数形式。故 butterfly 改为 butterflies。
5.考查形容词。句意：蜜蜂、蝴蝶和许多其他昆虫在邮票上看起来可爱而美丽。系动词 lovely 后跟形容词
beautiful，作表语。故 beautifully 改为 beautiful。
9. 【2023 年北京卷】 I’m British. Soon after moving to Switzerland, I 11 (throw) a house-warming
party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up 12 (exact) on time.
【11 题详解】
考查时态。句意：搬到瑞士后不久，我要举办一个乔迁派对，当所有 30 位客人都准时出现时，我感到非常
惊讶。表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或呈现的状态应用过去将来时。故填 would throw。
【12 题详解】
考查副词。句意：搬到瑞士后不久，我要举办一个乔迁派对，当所有 30 位客人都准时出现时，我感到非常
惊讶。修饰介词短语 on time 应用副词 exactly，故填 exactly。
10. 【2023 年浙江卷 1 月】The term “hutong”, 57 (original)meaning “water well” in Mongolian,
appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty.
【57 题详解】
考查副词。句意：胡同起初在蒙古语当中是“水井 ”的意思，首次出现在元朝。空格处修饰动词 meaning
需要填副词形式。故填 originally。
11. 【2023 年浙江卷 1 月】The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by 61 (space)homes and walled
gardens.
【61 题详解】
考查形容词。句意：他们建立的胡同井然有序。宽大的房屋和有墙的花园成行排列。空格处需要填形容词
作定语修饰空格后的名词 homes。故填 spacious。
(
2022
年
)
1. 【 2022 新高考 I 卷 】 The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate populations and
homes of giant pandas, and (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
答案： eventually
解析：考查副词。句意：GPNP 的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终达到理想的野生 大熊猫数量水平。设空处后为动词 achieve，设空处应用副词 eventually 作状语，修饰动词 achieve。故填
eventually。
2.【2022 全国甲卷】Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more (meaning).
答案： meaningful
解析：考查形容词。句意：曹认为这将使这次徒步旅行更加有意义。此处是 make 复合结构，应用形容词
meaningful，作宾语补足语。故填 meaningful。
3.【2022 全国乙卷】It can help to build a community with a (share) future for mankind,” he said.
答案： shared
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：这有助于构建人类命运共同体。此处为非谓语动词做定语来修饰名词
future。非谓语动词 share 和名词 future 之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故填 shared。
4. 【2022 年浙江卷 1 月】On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, （rough） 200
academics - many of them climate scientists have promised to fly as little as possible since the effort started two
years ago.
答案： roughly
解析：考查副词。句意：例如，在一个叫“无飞行科学家” 的网站上，自从两年前成立以来，大约有 200 个学
者，他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。此处修饰数字用副词 roughly“粗略地大约” ，故填 roughly。
5.【2022 新高考二卷】On the day of the accident, Mrs. Brown was at work and Eric was at home with his father. They both fell 38 (sleep) while watching TV. When he looked down, he 40 (accidental ) slipped and fell over the edge.
38. 答案： asleep
解析：考查形容词。句意：他们俩看电视的时候都睡着了。根据句子结构可知，设空处应该填写形容词作 表语。sleep 为动词， 意为“ 睡觉” ，其形容词为 asleep。fall asleep 为固定搭配， 意为“熟睡的” ，asleep 符合句
意。故填 asleep。
40. 答案： accidentally
解析：考查副词。句意：当他往下看时，不小心滑了一跤，从悬崖边上掉了下去。根据句子结构，设空处
解析： 应该填写副词修饰动词 slipped 。accidental 为形容词， 意为“意外的，失误的” ，其副词为 accidentally，
意为“意外地，失误地” ，符合句意。故填 accidentally。
6. 【2022 年全国乙卷】We all know that cycling is a greatly exercise.
1.考查形容词。句意: 我们都知道骑自行车是一项很好的运动。需用形容词作定语修饰名词 exercise。故将
greatly 改为 great。
7.【2022 年全国甲卷】I felt so closely to him.
closely→close
考查形容词。句意：我对他感觉如此亲近。 felt 为系动词，后面用形容词作表语，表示“亲近的 ”，closely
为副词，此处用 close。故将 closely 改为 close。
8. 【2022 年天津卷第二次】The experienced climber was the potential danger in such extreme weather
and decided to wait until the following day.
A. completely blind to B. totally lost in
C. pretty keen on D. well aware of
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容词短语辨析。句意：有经验的登山者充分意识到在这样极端天气下存在的潜在风险，决 定等到第二天。 A. completely blind to 完全不了解；B. totally lost in 完全迷失于；C. pretty keen on 非常喜欢； D. well aware of 充分意识到。分析句子结构可知，此处应为形容词短语作表语，选项均为副词修饰形容词，
结合句意可知，此处表示“充分意识到” ，故 well aware of 符合句意。故选 D 项。
(
2021
年
)
1.【2021 新高考 1 卷】The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It
will 3 (undoubted) help you get refreshed!
【答案】undoubtedly
【解析】考查副词。分析句子结构可知， 空格所填词应该修饰动词 help，故应用副词形式。Undoubted 变副
词，直接在词尾加 ly。故填 undoubtedly。
2.【2021 新高考 1 卷】But that's how nature is—always leaving us 5 (astonish).
【答案】 astonished
【解析】考查非谓语动词。此句中含有 "leave sb./sth. + adj." 结构， 表示 "使…… 处于某种状态" 。因为宾语
us 与动词 astonish 为被动关系，此处应该过去分词形容词 astonished 作宾语补足语，说明人的感受，意为 "
感到吃惊的" 。故填 astonished。
3.【2021 全国甲卷】Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and watchtowers
to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their 10 (day) routines.
【答案】 daily
【解析】考查形容词。此处表示 "观察当地人的日常生活" ，修饰 routines, 故用形容词，故填 daily。
4.【2021 全国乙卷 】Provide 8 (finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples.
【答案】 financial
【解析】考查形容词。空前为动词， 空后为名词， 故判断此空填形容词形式修饰后面的名词 aid。因此应使
用 finance 的形容词形式 financial。句意：为当地居民提供经济帮助和其他益处。故填 financial。
5.【2021.1 浙江卷】 But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries
had narrowed 8 (sharp).
【答案】sharply
【解析】考查副词。句意：30 年后， 很多国家的 BMI 数值的城乡差异急剧下降。根据句子结构可知 the BMI
difference… had narrowed (sharp). 修饰动词 narrow 要用副词，故答案为 sharply。
6.【2021 全国乙卷 改错】What's most, doing housework can be a form of mentally relaxation from study.
【答案】把 mentally 改为 mental
【解析】考查形容词作定语。分析题目可知，此处应该用形容词修饰后面的名词 relaxation。故把 mentally
改为 mental。
7. 【 2021 全 国 乙 卷 】 It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become 1 (educate) about the areas—both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics,
and often provides money for conservation and benefits the development of the local areas.
【答案】educated
【解析】考查形容词作表语。根据空前为 become 可知，空格处所填词应作 become 的表语。句意：这与传
统的旅游业不同，因为它可以使游客了解到这些区域的一些知识。故填 educated。
8 ．【2021 年新高考全国Ⅱ 卷】I told him how 61 (harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked
him to consider using more eco-friendly options.
【61 题详解】
考查形容词。句意：我告诉他塑料对环境的危害，并请他考虑使用更环保的产品。该处为 how 引导的感叹
句， how 之后接形容词，所以填 harmful。
9. 【2021 年新高考全国Ⅱ 卷】I was so 62 (excite) when he wrote back to me.
【62 题详解】
考查形容词。句意：当他给我回信时，我很兴奋。该空作 was 之后的表语，用形容词，修饰人，用 v+ed 形
式的形容词，所以填 excited。
10.【2021 年全国乙卷】It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become 61 (educate)about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides
money for conservation and benefits the 62 (develop)of the local areas.
【61 题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这不同于传统的旅游，因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化 特色，并且经常为环境保护提供资金，并有利于当地的发展。分析句子成分可知，此处查固定搭配 become
educated about 表示“对……有所了解” 。故填 educated。
【62 题详解】
考查名词。句意：这不同于传统的旅游，因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化特 色，并且经常为环境保护提供资金，并有利于当地的发展。根据空格前的定冠词 the 可知，此处填入名词
development 来做动词 benefits 的宾语。故填 development。
11. 【2021 年北京卷】Sam walked her to a nearby convenience store so that she could 16 （safe） wait
for the police to take her home .
【16 题详解】
考查副词。句意：山姆带她去了附近的一家便利店， 这样她就可以安全地等警察带她回家了。修饰动词 wait
用副词作状语，故填 safely。
12.【2021 年天津卷第一次】As working from home becomes common, people are finding it easier to
combine parenthood with a full-time career.
A ．increasingly B ．equally C ．nervously D ．confusingly
【答案】A
【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：随着在家工作变得越来越普遍，人们发现为人父母与全职工作相结合 变得越来越容易。A. increasingly 越来越多地， 渐增地；B. equally 相等地；C. nervously 紧张地；D. confusingly 令人困惑地。根据后文“people are finding it easier to combine parenthood with a full-time career”可知人们发现
为人父母与全职工作相结合变得越来越容易，是因为在家工作变得越来越普遍， increasingly 符合语境。故
选 A。
13.【2021 年天津卷第二次】 The police searched the area for several days. , they found the piece of
evidence they were looking for.
A. Generally B. Originally
C. Eventually D. Unfortunately
【答案】C
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：警察在这一地区搜查了好几天。最终，他们找到了他们一直在努力寻 找的证据。A. Generally 通常， 普遍地；B. Originally 起初， 原来， 独创地；C. Eventually 最终；D. Unfortunately
不幸地。分析句意，警察一直在努力找证据，努力有了结果，最终找到了，故选 C。
14. 【2021 年天津卷第二次】It’s a good idea to choose a(n) destination in case your first-choice tourist
spot is not available.
A. annual B. exact C. alternative D. pleasant
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词。句意：如果你首选的旅游景点没有了，选择一个替代目的地是一个好主意。 A. annual 年度的；B. exact 准确的；C. alternative 替代的；D. pleasant 令人愉快的。根据后文“destination in case your
first-choice tourist spot is not available”可知此处指替代目的地，应用 alternative。故选 C。
(
2020
年
)
1.【2020 年新课标Ⅰ】Landing on the moon’s far side is 62. (extreme) challenging.
62. 考查副词。句意：登录月球的背面是极其有挑战性的。空处修饰形容词 challenging，应使用 extreme 的
副词形式，故填 extremely。
2.【2020 年新课标Ⅰ】Today I tried cooking a simply dish myself.
1.考查形容词。句意：今天我自己尝试做一道简单的菜。根据名词 dish 可知，此处应用形容词作定语，故将
simply 改为 simple。
3.【2020 年新课标Ⅱ】 66. (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must. Bamboo plants are
associated 67. health, abundance and a happy home. ...
Branches of Plum Blossoms (梅花): The 69. (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾)
make fantastic decorations.
66. 考查副词。句意：当然在假期期间，这种植物是绝对必要的事物。介词短语做时间状语，因此只有改变
成副词才能复合句子结构，用副词形式做状语。故填 Certainly。
67. 考查短语。句意：竹类植物与健康、富足和幸福的家庭联系在一起。 be associated with 与……相联系。
故填 with。
69. 考查形容词。句意：美丽的长枝上覆盖着粉红色的花蕾，做成漂亮的装饰。修饰名词 branches，用形容
词形式。故填 beautiful。
4.【2020 年新课标Ⅱ】I’m surely you’ll have a good time. ... Best of luck with yours learning kung fu in China. See
you sooner.
3. 考查形容词。句意：我相信你会玩得很开心的。分析句子，此处 be 动词 am 后面需用形容词作表语。故
将 surely 改为 sure。
9.考查代词。句意：祝你在中国学习功夫好运。分析句子， best luck of you 译为“祝你好运”是固定短语。故
将 your 改为 you 。/句中的 yours 为名词性物主代词，不可修饰后面的动名词。故将 yours 改为 your。
10.考查固定短语。句意：希望尽快见到你。 See you soon 译为“希望尽快见到你” ，是固定短语。此处不需
用比较级。故将 sooner 改为 soon。
5.【2020 年新课标Ⅲ】As the small boat moved, 68. (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the
mountains being silently reflected in the water.
68. 考查副词。句意：当小船缓缓地沿着江面移动时， 山在水中的倒影使他说不出话来。此处修饰动词 moved
应用副词 gently 作状语，表示“缓缓地” 。故填 gently。
6.【2020 年新课标Ⅲ】In order to make surely all of us are in good health, and she makes specific plans for us.
第三处：考查固定短语。句意：为了确保我们所有人身体好，她为我们制定了特殊的计划。 make sure 确保，
该短语是固定短语，所以 surely 改成 sure。
第四处：考查简单句。句意同上。这是一个简单句，前面 in order to…作目的状语，不用连词 and，所以去
掉 and。
7.【2020 年新高考全国Ⅰ 卷（山东卷）】In the 18th and 19th centuries, 36. (wealth) people travelled and collected
plants, historical objects and works of art.
36. 考查形容词。句意:在 18 和 19 世纪，富人旅行并收集植物、历史物品和艺术品。此处修饰名词 people，
应使用形容词，做定语。故填 wealthy。
8.【2020 年浙江卷 1 月】 The first is declining birthrates, which means old generations are
large 60 (compare)to younger generations, and so, on average, the population becomes 61 (old)than
before. This is 62 (particular)true in the US. The second reason is that people are living longer.
【60 题详解】
考查动词时态语态。句意：首先是出生率的下降，这意味着老一代比年轻一代人口多，因此，平均而言，
人口比以前老龄化。短语 be compared to“与……相比；与某事相提并论” ，故填 compared。
【61 题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意同上。根据下文 than before 可知应用形容词比较级，故填 older。
【62 题详解】
考查副词。句意：在美国尤其如此。此处修饰形容词 true 应用副词，故填 particularly。
9.【2020 年北京卷】 Oliver says if you're 2 (luck) enough to have someone close to you who enjoys
cooking, ask them 3 you can join in when it's possible.
【答案】 2. lucky 3. if/whether
【2 题详解】
考查形容词。句意：奥利弗说，如果你足够幸运，身边有一个喜欢烹饪的人。空前有 be 动词，所以空处填
形容词做表语。故填 lucky。
【3 题详解】
考查连词。句意：问他们你是否有可能加入他们。 you can join in when it's possible.是宾语从句，从句成
分完整，但缺“是否” 的意思，故填 if/whether。
10. 【2020 年天津卷第一次】With the widespread use of the Internet, communications across the world have
developed over the years.
A. steadily B. differently C. independently D. formally
【答案】A
【解析】考查副词辨析。句意：随着互联网的广泛使用，世界各地的通信多年来稳步发展。 A. steadily 稳定 地， ,稳固地； B. differently 不同地； C. independently 独立地； D. formally 正式地。此处指稳步发展，故选
A。
11.【2020 年江苏卷】 The outbreak of Covid-19 has meant an change in our life and work.
A. absurd B. abrupt C. allergic D. authentic
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:新冠肺炎疫情的爆发，给我们的生活和工作带来了一个突然的变化。
A. absurd 荒谬的；B. abrupt 突然的；C. allergic 过敏的；D. authentic 真实的。根据常识可知，新冠肺炎疫情
给我们的生活和工作带来了一个突然的变化。故选 B。
(
2019
)
1.【2019 年全国卷 Ⅰ】It is difficult to figure out a global population of polarbears as much of the range has been
62 (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polarbears worldwide.
62. poorly【解析】考查副词用法。根据句意和结构分析可知，此处用副词 poorly 修饰谓语动词 has been
studied，意为“研究很少” 。故填 poorly。
2.【2019 年全国卷 Ⅰ】I became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident....I stopped the ball and
kicked it hardly back to the playground. .
第一处：【解析】考查形容词用法。“interest（使感兴趣；使关注）” 的形容词有 interesting（使人感兴趣的） 常修饰物；与 interested（表现出兴趣的）常修饰人。本句的意思为：多亏一个偶然的事件，我对踢足球产
生了兴趣。主语是 I，故将 interesting 改为 interested。
第五处：【解析】考查副词。 “hard（努力地；费力地） ”与“hardly（几乎不；几乎没有） ”都为副词，但是词
义不同。本句意思为：我挡住足球，并使劲地将它踢回操场。故将 hardly 改为 hard。
3.【2019 年全国卷Ⅱ】 Her years of hard work have 63 (final)been acknowledged after a customer
nominated(提名)her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.
...
But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It's 70 (wonder).”
63.【解析】考查副词用法。根据空格所处位置可知，此处应用副词形式作状语，修饰谓语动词 have been
acknowledged，意为“最终得以认可” ，故填 finally。
70.【解析】考查形容词作表语。根据句子结构可知， 在系动词 is 之后用形容词形式作表语， 故填
wonderful。
4.【2019 年全国卷Ⅱ】First, I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked so coolly. ... One was that I was
amazing at the fact that a sick person could feel much more better after seeing a doctor.
第二处： 【解析】考查形容词的用法。句中的“looked（看起来 …样） ”为系动词，系动词后需用形容词作表
语。故将 coolly 改为 cool。
第八处：【解析】考查形容词用法。“amaze（使惊奇；使惊愕） ”形容词形式有 amazed（大为惊奇） 与 amazing
（令人大为惊奇的）。本句话中主语为 I，句意:病人看完医生就会感觉好很多，对此我感到惊奇，
而不是我令别人惊奇。故将 amazing 改为 amazed。
第九处： 【解析】考查形容词比较级。句中 better 为 well（健康；身体好）的比较级形式，多音节的形容词
或副词构成比较级用 more 加形容词或副词，即 more 不能与 berrer 连用。故将 more 去掉。
5. 【 2019 年全 国卷 III 】 They also shared with us many 67 (tradition)stories about Hawaii that were
68 (huge)popular with tourists.
67.【解析】考查形容词。空格修饰名词 stories，应用形容词形式，tradition 的形容词为 traditional，故填
traditional。
68.hugely【解析】考查副词。空格处单词修饰形容词 popular，应用副词形式， huge 的副词为 hugely，故填
hugely。
6.【2019 年全国卷 III】 What I want is not just an ordinarily cafe but a very special one.
第三处：【解析】考查形容词的用法。修饰名词 cafe，应用形容词。 ordinarily 是副词。故把 ordinarily 改为
ordinary。
7.【2019 年北京卷】Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to
attend, and it’s never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and 10 (meaning)college
experience.
10.考查形容词。这里与前面的 healthy 并列， 修饰后面的名词 college experience，故此处也要用形容词。故
填 meaningful。
8.【2019 年浙江卷 6 月】 When the children are walking or 59 (cycle) to school on dark mornings, car
drivers can 60 (easy) see them.
...
School uniforms are 65 (tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them.
59. cycling【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当孩子们在黑暗的早晨步行或骑车上学时，汽车司机很容易看
到它们。 or 连接两个并列成分，根据 or 前的 walking 可知，此处要用 cycling。故填 cycling。
60. easily【解析】考查副词。分析句式可知， 设空处所给词是修饰动词 see ，修饰动词要用副词， 因此， 用
easy 的副词形式。故填 easily。
65. traditional【解析】考查形容词。句意：穿校服在英国是一个传统，但是一些学校开始允许学生上学不用 穿校服。are 是系动词，其后常用形容词作表语，tradition 是名词，“传统” 的意思，因此，用其形容词形式。
故填 traditional。
9.【2018 年浙江卷 11 月】 58 (recent), caffeine has found its way into orange, apple, and other
flavored drinks.
58 ．考查副词。句意：最近，咖啡因已经进入了橙子、苹果和其他调味饮料。此处单独作状语用副词，故
填 Recently。
10.【2019 年江苏卷】Unlike traditional gyms, app-backed gyms offer people options to exercise.
A. casual B. regular C. flexible D. tight
28.C【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意：不像传统的体育锻炼， 有 app 软件的体育锻炼提供了灵活的锻炼选项。 A. casual 偶然的，随便的；B. regular 定期的，有规律的；C. flexible 灵活的；D. tight 紧的，密封的。故选
C。
11.【2019 年天津卷】A dog's eating habit requires regular training before it is established.
A. properly B. widely
C. originally D. temporarily
【答案】A
【解析】考查副词辨析。句意：在狗的饮食习惯被正确地建立之前， 需要定期的训练。properly 正确地；widely
广泛地； originally 最初； temporarily 临时地，根据题意，故选 A。