2024年中考 英语总复习 语法专题突破 数 词（含答案）

专题六　数 词
知识导图
考法精讲
命题点 1 基数词与序数词
1. 基数词与序数词的基本用法
类别 用法 示例
基数词 1以上的基数词放在可数名词前，名词用复数 two books 两本书　eight eggs 八个鸡蛋
“基数词＋可数名词单数”构成复合形容词，数词和名词之间用连字符连接 a seven day holiday＝a seven days' holiday 七天假期
表示“另外几个……”用“ another+大于1的基数词+可数名词复数”或“大于1的 基数词+more+可数名词复数” another three pens = three more pens另外三支 钢笔
续表
序数词(2019.32) 序数词前加定冠词the，但其前有物主 代词或名词所有格时，不加the This is my second time to Shenzhen.这是我第二次来深圳。
表示“又一、再一”时，其前常用不定冠词 I want to have a third try.我想尝试第三次。
【真题例句解读】例句：(2019单项填空32题)We are proud of our country. The year 2019 is her ________ birthday.A. seventyB. the seventyC. the seventiethD. seventieth根据句意及语法知识可知，此处表示第70个生日，应用序数词。因为空格前面有形容词性物主代词修饰，故不用定冠词the。故选D。
2. 数词的其他表达
类别 用法 示例
时刻的表达与读法 整点 小时(＋o'clock) 2：00　two (o'clock)
半点及之前 顺读法：小时＋分钟逆读法：分钟＋past＋小时 5：10　five ten; ten past five7：30　seven thirty; half past seven
半点之后 顺读法：小时＋分钟逆读法：(60－分钟)＋to＋(小时＋1) 8：50　eight fifty; ten to nine
一刻钟 用fifteen或a quarter表示 6：45　six forty five; a quarter to seven
整数＋一半 用half表示 1.5小时：an/one hour and a half＝one and a half hours
年龄的表达 表示“在某人几十多岁的时候” in one's＋整基数词的复数形式 在杰克20多岁时：in Jack's twenties
表示岁数 (1)基数词(2)基数词＋month(s)/year(s) old(3)at the age of＋基数词 7个月大：seven months old15岁：fifteen (years old)/at the age of fifteen
表示“……岁的” 基数词 year old＋可数名词(此结构为复合形容词，常作定语，基数词大于1时，year仍用单数) 一个5岁的男孩：a five year old boy
编号的表达 名词(首字母常大写)＋基数词(首字母常大写或用数字) Grade Eight/8, Room 205
the＋序数词(首字母小写)＋名词(首字母小写) the second lesson, the second floor
续表
年、月、日与世纪、年代的表达 年、月、日 2023年11月　　　 写作：November 20232021年5月8日 写作：May 8(th), 2021或8(th) May, 2021May 8(th), 2008 读作：May eight /(the) eighth, two thousand and eight8(th) May, 1998 读作：the eighth of May, nineteen ninety eight
世纪、年代 19世纪　　　　　 the nineteenth/19th century20世纪70年代 写作：the 1970s /1970's　 读作：the nineteen seventies
【注意】“基数词 year olds”为复合名词，如：I don't think sixteen year olds should be allowed to drive.我认为十六岁的孩子不应该被允许开车。
【知识必备】常见一百以内基数词与序数词变化规则表
one→first two→second three→third
four→fourth five→fifth six→sixth
seven→seventh eight→eighth nine→ninth
ten→tenth eleven→eleventh twelve→twelfth
thirteen→thirteenth fourteen→fourteenth fifteen→fifteenth
sixteen→sixteenth seventeen→seventeenth eighteen→eighteenth
nineteen→nineteenth twenty→twentieth twenty one→twenty first
twenty two→twenty second thirty→thirtieth forty→fortieth
fifty→fiftieth sixty→sixtieth seventy→seventieth
eighty→eightieth ninety→ninetieth one hundred→one hundredth
one thousand→one thousandth one million→one millionth one billion→one billionth
【巧学妙记】
基变序， 有规律， 末尾加上 th；
一二三， 特殊记， 结尾各是t, d, d；
八加 h, 九去 e, ve要用 f替；
以 y结尾变 ie, 后跟 th莫忘记；
若想表示几十几， 只变个位就可以。
即时训练
forty　five　nine　sixth　three　two　ten
1. My mother has been working in our local hospital for five years. So this is her ________ year working there.
2. In his ________， Mr. Li returned to his hometown and began to plant trees.
3. There are ________ foreign teachers in our school. One is Spanish and the other is British. They are both very nice.
4. On September ________， students send their best wishes to their teachers by making cards.
5. Our teacher advised us to visit the old people's home on the Double ________ Festival.
【好词佳句积累】 have been doing sth.一直在做某事 return to返回 one...the other...一个……另一个…… send sth. to sb.送某物给某人
命题点 2 概数词
1. 表示确切的数字(具体数字＋概数词＋可数名词复数)
hundred, thousand, million, billion等词与具体的数字one, two等连用时，要用单数形式。如：seven hundred computers七百台电脑。
2. 表示不确切的数字(概数词加 s＋of＋可数名词复数)
hundred, thousand, million, billion等词与of 连用，要用复数形式，并且前面不能加具体数字。hundreds of(2023.72) 成百上千的， thousands of成千上万的， millions of数百万， billions of数十亿。如：thousands of visitors成千上万的游客。
【真题例句解读】例句：(2023年短文填空节选72题)Imagine that you travel back to ________(hundred) of years ago and brush your teeth comfortably. It sounds fantastic, doesn't it 广东省卷中考在短文填空中考查概数词的用法。根据空后的of可知，此处应用hundreds。hundreds of意为“成百上千的”，为固定搭配。故填hundreds。
即时训练
6. The three astronauts gave ________(thousand) of students a wonderful lesson about space science from China's space station.
7. Xi'an is an ancient city and has many places of interest, so there are ________(million) of visitors going there every year.
8. There are hundreds of paintings in this museum. Two ________(hundred) works were created by young artists.
命题点 3 分数
1. 分数的构成
分子：基数词；分母：序数词；当分子大于1时，分母加 s。如：2/3 two thirds; 5/9 five ninths
注意：1/2常用a half来表示；1/4常用a quarter来表示；3/4常用three quarters来表示。
2. 分数的用法
“分数＋of＋名词”作主语：谓语动词的单复数由名词的单复数来决定。如：Two thirds of students have finished the task.三分之二的学生已经完成了任务。(谓语动词的单复数与students保持一致)
综合提升
短文填空
请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空。 注意每空一词，每词仅用一次。 有两词为多余项。
精彩的校园生活
Hi! My name's Gareth and I'm a student in a school in Aberystwyth. There are 1. ________ of students in our school. And we study both English and Welsh. Welsh is our first language in my family because it's our mother language.
There are different and famous clubs in our school. Most of them have two to three 2. ________ students. My friend Isabel goes to the guitar club. She needs to take lessons 3. ________ times a week on Monday, Wednesday and Saturday. She really loves playing the guitar.
The 4. ________ club I want to introduce is the Rugby(橄榄球) Club. My friend Darren loves it. He can run very fast but I'm really slow！Most Welsh people love playing and watching rugby but I think it's boring!
The next one is the Surf Club. I go to the Surf Club just 5. ________ a week since I don't have enough time. I often go to the Surf Club with my friends on Tuesdays. I love surfing and I can swim fast. I also have a good time while swimming there.
【语篇研读】What：介绍了Gareth精彩的校园生活以及学校的三个俱乐部。Why：旨在引导学生积极参与校园活动，丰富自己的校园生活。How：①文体特征：说明文。②文章结构：总—分。第1段对自己的校园生活进行了整体的介绍；第2～4段分别介绍了吉他俱乐部、橄榄球俱乐部、冲浪俱乐部。
专题六　数 词
【即时训练】
1. sixth　2. forties　3. two　4. tenth　5. Ninth 6. thousands　7. millions　8. hundred
【综合提升】
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了Gareth精彩的校园生活，包括吉他俱乐部、橄榄球俱乐部和冲浪俱乐部。
1. thousands　2. hundred　3. three　4. second　5. once