(共152张PPT)
子主题(六) 社会(热点)问题
主题群三 历史、社会与文化
01
培育学科素养
五年高考真题重做
主题语境词汇存储
奇特语言现象探究
A (2020·全国卷Ⅲ·C)
With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation(孤独)，more families are choosing to live together．
The doorway to peace and quiet，for Nick Bright at least，leads straight to his mother-in-law：she lives on the ground floor，while he lives upstairs with his wife and their two daughters．
Four years ago they all moved into a three-storey Victorian house in Bristol—one of a growing number of multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same roof．They share a front door and a washing machine，but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen，bathroom，bedroom and living room on the ground floor．
“We floated the idea to my mum of sharing a house，” says Kathryn Whitehead．Rita cuts in：“We spoke more with Nick because I think it's a big thing for Nick to live with his mother-in-law．”
And what does Nick think？“From my standpoint，it all seems to work very well．Would I recommend it？Yes，I think I would．”
It's hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him，but research indicates that the numbers have been rising for some time．Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together had risen from 325，000 in 2001 to 419，000 in 2013．
Other varieties of multigenerational family are more common．Some people live with their elderly parents; many more adult children are returning to the family home，if they ever left．It is said that about 20% of 25－34-year-olds live with their parents，compared with 16% in 1991．The total number of all multigenerational households in Britain is thought to be about 1.8 million．
Stories like that are more common in parts of the world where multigenerational living is more firmly rooted．In India，particularly outside cities，young women are expected to move in with their husband's family when they get married．
【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍了随着年轻人生活压力的增大以及老年人孤独感的增加，越来越多的英国家庭选择几世同堂，且这已成为一种趋势。
1．Who mainly uses the ground floor in the Victorian house in Bristol
A．Nick． B．Rita．
C．Kathryn． D．The daughters．
B [细节理解题。根据第三段“Four years ago they all moved into a three-storey Victorian house in Bristol...but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen，bathroom，bedroom and living room on the ground floor．”可知，在布里斯托尔的维多利亚时代的房子里，Rita住在一楼，故选B。]
2．What is Nick's attitude towards sharing the house with his mother-in-law
A．Positive． B．Carefree．
C．Tolerant． D．Unwilling．
A [推理判断题。根据第五段中的“From my standpoint，it all seems to work very well．Would I recommend it？Yes，I think I would．”可以判断，Nick对于与岳母住在一起持积极的态度，故选A。carefree无忧无虑的；tolerant宽容的；unwilling不情愿的。]
3．What is the author's statement about multigenerational family based on
A．Family traditions．
B．Financial reports．
C．Published statistics．
D．Public opinions．
C [推理判断题。根据第六段中的“Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together had risen from 325，000 in 2001 to 419，000 in 2013．”和第七段中的“It is said that about 20% of 25－34-year-olds...about 1.8 million．”可知，作者通过罗列数据来说明几世同堂家庭的情况，故C项“公布的数据”正确。]
4．What is the text mainly about
A．Lifestyles in different countries．
B．Conflicts between generations．
C．A housing problem in Britain．
D．A rising trend of living in the UK．
D [主旨大意题。根据全文中心句“With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation，more families are choosing to live together．”可知，本文主要介绍了近年来英国人选择几世同堂的趋势在上升，故选D。]
B (2019·全国卷Ⅱ·C)
Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach's Bar Louie counter by herself，quietly reading her e-book as she waits for her salad．What is she reading？None of your business！Lunch is Bechtel's “me” time．And like more Americans，she's not alone．
A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America．More than half(53 percent)have breakfast alone and nearly half (46 percent)have lunch by themselves．Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore，74 percent，according to statistics from the report．
“I prefer to go out and be out．Alone，but together，you know？”Bechtel said，looking up from her book．Bechtel，who works in downtown West Palm Beach，has lunch with coworkers sometimes，but like many of us，too often works through lunch at her desk．A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder．She returns to work feeling energized．“Today，I just wanted some time to myself，”she said．
Just two seats over，Andrew Mazoleny，a local videographer，is finishing his lunch at the bar．He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he's on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction(交流)．“I reflect on how my day's gone and think about the rest of the week，”he said．“It's a chance for self-reflection．You return to work recharged and with a plan．”
That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone．There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one，but those days are over．Now，we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table．“It doesn't feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology，”said Laurie Demeritt，whose company provided the statistics for the report．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了现在的美国人多数喜欢独自一人吃饭，他们喜欢这种独处带来的自由。
5．What are the statistics in paragraph 2 about
A．Food variety． B．Eating habits．
C．Table manners． D．Restaurant service．
B [推理判断题。根据第二段中的大部分人独自吃早饭或午饭，一起吃晚饭的数据可知，这是对美国人的饮食习惯进行的调查，故答案为B。]
6．Why does Bechtel prefer to go out for lunch
A．To meet with her coworkers．
B．To catch up with her work．
C．To have some time on her own．
D．To collect data for her report．
C [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“I just wanted some time to myself(我只是想给自己一点儿时间)”可知，Bechtel更喜欢出去吃午饭的原因是想拥有自己的时间，故答案为C。]
7．What do we know about Mazoleny
A．He makes videos for the bar．
B．He's fond of the food at the bar．
C．He interviews customers at the bar．
D．He's familiar with the barkeeper．
D [推理判断题。根据题干中的Mazoleny可定位到第四段，“...chat up the barkeeper with whom he's on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction．”中的on a first-name basis的意思是“关系好，可以直呼其名”，由此可知Mazoleny与酒吧服务员很熟，故答案为D。]
8．What is the text mainly about
A．The trend of having meals alone．
B．The importance of self-reflection．
C．The stress from working overtime．
D．The advantage of wireless technology．
A [主旨大意题。根据第一、三、四段的例子，第二段的数据以及最后一段中的第一句“That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone．”再次提及的eat alone可知，本文主要讲了独自用餐已经逐渐成为一种趋势，故答案为A。]
C (2022·新高考卷Ⅰ·B)
Like most of us，I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste．The arugula(芝麻菜) was to make a nice green salad，rounding out a roast chicken dinner．But I ended up working late．Then friends called with a dinner invitation．I stuck the chicken in the freezer．But as days passed，the arugula went bad．Even worse，I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out．
In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry，“food waste goes against the moral grain，”as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month's cover story．It's jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away—from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans．
Producing food that no one eats wastes the water，fuel，and other resources used to grow it．That makes food waste an environmental problem．In fact，Royte writes，“if food waste were a country，it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world．”
If that's hard to understand，let's keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator．Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time—but for him，it's more like 12 boxes of donated strawberries nearing their last days．Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington，D．C．，which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals．Last year it recovered more than 807，500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的)produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields．And the strawberries？Volunteers will wash，cut，and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road．
Such methods seem obvious，yet so often we just don't think．“Everyone can play a part in reducing waste，whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won't eat，” Curtin says．
【语篇解读】 本文作者通过种种事例呼吁人们不要浪费食物。
9．What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story
A．We pay little attention to food waste．
B．We waste food unintentionally at times．
C．We waste more vegetables than meat．
D．We have good reasons for wasting food．
B [推理判断题。根据第一段中的“I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste”以及“But I ended up working late...unthinkingly bought way too much”可知，作者有意识地避免浪费食物，但还是因为加班、和朋友聚餐以及买得太多而导致芝麻菜腐烂。由此可推知，我们有时会在无意中浪费食物。故选B。]
10．What is a consequence of food waste according to the text
A．Moral decline．
B．Environmental harm．
C．Energy shortage．
D．Worldwide starvation．
B [细节理解题。根据第三段中的 “Producing food that no one eats wastes the water，fuel，and other resources used to grow it．That makes food waste an environmental problem．”可知，浪费食物的后果是引发环境问题。故选B。]
11．What does Curtin's company do
A．It produces kitchen equipment．
B．It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel．
C．It helps local farmers grow fruits．
D．It makes meals out of unwanted food．
D [细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Last year it recovered more than 807，500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields．”可知，Curtin的公司用人们不想要的食物来做饭。故选D。]
12．What does Curtin suggest people do
A．Buy only what is needed．
B．Reduce food consumption．
C．Go shopping once a week．
D．Eat in restaurants less often．
A [细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won't eat”可知，Curtin建议人们减少食物浪费。故选A。]
(2019·浙江卷)
There are lots of ways to raise awareness for a cause．Usually，the 1 the idea is，the more it gets noticed．And that's precisely why one 2 Frenchman has caught our attention．
Baptiste Dubanchet is biking across Europe，surviving 3 on discarded(丢弃)food．The three-month，1，900-mile journey from Paris to Warsaw is Dubanchet's 4 of raising awareness of food waste in Europe and throughout the world．
As you can 5 ，the trip is no piece of cake．While restaurants 6 tons of food each year，much of it remains inaccessible because of 7 garbage containers，health regulations，or business policies．Only about one in ten places 8 him food that would otherwise be discarded．For legal 9 ，most restaurants have a policy against 10 food waste．“Some people have even 11 their jobs by giving me food，” Dubanchet said．
What's 12 interesting is the attitude various cities have toward Dubanchet's cause．Berlin has been the 13 while the most difficult was the Czech town of Pilsen．There，he had to 14 at some 50 different stores or restaurants before finding food．The 15 is all the more serious when you consider the 16 exercise required to bike from France to Poland．
“I have to get food 17 because after all the biking I am tired and I need the 18 ，”Dubanchet explained．“Is my 19 full or empty That is the most important thing，not what I am eating．”
He aims to 20 his journey by mid-July．With any luck，he'll turn a few more heads in the process．
【语篇解读】 这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了法国人Baptiste Dubanchet骑着自行车穿越欧洲，完全靠丢弃的食物生存，试图通过他的行动，来唤起人们对食物浪费现象的关注。
1．A．cleverer B．older
C．stranger D．simpler
C [考查形容词辨析。根据“Usually，the ______ the idea is，the more it gets noticed．”可知，这里意思是通常，这个观点越奇怪，它就会越受到关注。故选C。]
2．A．garbage-eating B．sports-loving
C．food-wasting D．law-breaking
A [考查形容词辨析。根据“Baptiste Dubanchet is biking across Europe，surviving ______ on discarded(丢弃) food．”可知，这里意思是那就是为什么一个“吃垃圾”的法国人引起了我们的注意。故选A。]
3．A．secretly B．finally
C．entirely D．probably
C [考查副词辨析。句意：Baptiste Dubanchet骑着自行车穿越欧洲，完全靠丢弃的食物生存。故选C。]
4．A．purpose B．way
C．opinion D．dream
B [考查名词辨析。句意：从巴黎到华沙历时三个月、1 900英里的旅程，是Dubanchet引起欧洲和全世界对食物浪费这一现象关注的方式。故选B。]
5．A．observe B．imagine
C．suggest D．remember
B [考查动词辨析。句意：你可以想象，这次旅行不是小菜一碟。故选B。]
6．A．store B．cook
C．shop for D．throw away
D [考查动词和动词短语辨析。句意：虽然餐馆每年扔掉大量的食物，但由于垃圾容器上锁、卫生规定或商业政策，很多食物仍然不可得到。故选D。]
7．A．locked B．damaged
C．connected D．abandoned
A [考查形容词辨析。根据“it remains inaccessible”可知，这里意思是垃圾容器上锁。故选A。]
8．A．bought B．offered
C．ordered D．sold
B [考查动词辨析。句意：只有大约十分之一的地方给他提供了食物，否则就会被丢弃。故选B。]
9．A．reasons B．rights
C．fees D．aids
A [考查名词辨析。句意：由于法律原因，大多数餐馆都有禁止分发食物残渣的政策。故选A。]
10．A．begging for B．giving away
C．hiding D．causing
B [考查动词和动词短语辨析。参见上题解析。故选B。]
11．A．did B．kept
C．accepted D．risked
D [考查动词辨析。上文说由于法律原因，大多数餐馆都有禁止分发食物残渣的政策。可知，这里意思是有些人甚至冒着失业的危险给我食物。故选D。]
12．A．hardly B．usually
C．particularly D．merely
C [考查副词辨析。句意：特别有趣的是各个城市对Dubanchet事件的态度。故选C。]
13．A．easiest B．nearest
C．biggest D．richest
A [考查形容词辨析。根据“while the most difficult was the Czech town of Pilsen”可知，这里意思是柏林是最容易的。故选A。]
14．A．work B．shout
C．ask D．jump
C [考查动词辨析。句意：在那里，他必须在大约50家不同的商店或餐馆询问，才能找到食物。故选C。]
15．A．competition B．conversation
C．conflict D．challenge
D [考查名词辨析。句意：当你考虑到从法国骑自行车到波兰所需要的高强度运动时，挑战就更加严峻了。故选D。]
16．A．adequate B．rewarding
C．demanding D．suitable
C [考查形容词辨析。句意见上题。故选C。]
17．A．again B．alone
C．later D．fast
D [考查副词辨析。句意：我必须快点吃东西，因为骑了那么久的自行车，我累了，我需要能量。故选D。]
18．A．spirit B．energy
C．time D．effort
B [考查名词辨析。根据“because after all the biking I am tired”可知，“我”需要能量。故选B。]
19．A．stomach B．hand
C．pocket D．basket
A [考查名词辨析。根据“That is the most important thing，not what I am eating．”可知，这里意思是“我”的胃是满的还是空的。故选A。]
20．A．arrange B．restart
C．report D．finish
D [考查动词辨析。根据“With any luck，he'll turn a few more heads in the process．”可知，这里意思是他计划在七月中旬结束他的旅行。故选D。]
1．isolation n．__________
2．float v．____
3．indicate vt．________________
4．particularly adv．____
5．attitude n．__________
6．positive adj．______________
隔离；孤独
提出
表明；指出；预示
尤其
态度，观点
积极的，阳性的
7．statistics n．____
8．awkward adj．______
9．mindful adj．______
10．moral adj．__________
11．reject v．____
12．garbage n．____
数据
尴尬的
留心的
有关道德的
拒绝
垃圾
13．donate v．____
14．otherwise adv．______________________
15．purchase v．____
16．inaccessible adj．____________________
17．conflict n．__________
捐赠
否则；另外；在其他方面
购买
难达到的；不可得到的
矛盾，冲突
1．______ vt．买得起；给予，提供
2．_____ v．分享 n．份额
3．_____ n．总数 adj．全部的
4．_________ adj．不乐意的
5．______ v．逃脱
6．_______ v．提供
7．_____ n．封面
afford
share
total
unwilling
escape
provide
cover
1．compare v．比较→__________ n．比较
2．tolerant adj．容忍的→_________ n．忍受
3．tradition n．传统→___________ adj．传统的
4．choose v．选择→______ n．选择
5．environment n．环境 → _____________ adj．环境的
6．recover v．恢复 → ________ n．康复
7．reduce v．减少→ _________ n．减小
8．regulate v．控制，管理→__________ n．条例；规程
comparison
tolerance
traditional
choice
environmental
recovery
reduction
regulation
1．__________________ 没你的事
2．___________ 根据，按照
3．___________ 赶上
4．_________ 浪费
5．________ 完成
none of your business
according to
catch up with
go to waste
round out
[即时演练]单句语法填空
1．Therefore，I was _________(willing) to communicate with others in case I lost face．
2．We could not afford __________(overlook) such a serious offence．
3．The dancer's __________(credible) performance had the audience on its feet clapping for 10 minutes at the end of the show．
4．The only way to round ___ your education is by going deep into the realities of life．
unwilling
to overlook
incredible
out
5．They managed ________ (escape) from the burning building by breaking open the door．
6．Frustrated by frequent failures in my English exams，I found myself on the point of giving up _______ (total)．
7．However，he made efforts to catch up ____ others，and made progress little by little．
to escape
totally
with
8．She'd lost her job．Even _____(bad)，she'd lost her house and her children，too．
9．Wage rates must be maintained in order to maintain the __________
(purchase) power of the consumer．
worse
purchasing
Ⅰ．熟词生义(写出句中黑体词的汉语意思)
1．“We floated the idea to my mum of sharing a house，” says Kathryn Whitehead．____
2．Even worse，I had unthinkingly bought way too much．______________
3．Volunteers will wash，cut，and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road．__________
提出
远远地，大量地
使……变干
Ⅱ．似易实难(将句中黑体词部分译成汉语)
1...．many more adult children are returning to the family home，if they ever left．
[译文] ……更多的成年孩子返回到父母所在的家，如果他们曾经搬出去过的话。
2．And like more Americans，she's not alone．
[译文] 而且更多的美国人都像她这样。
Ⅲ．复杂晦涩(分析句子结构并译成汉语)
1．Bechtel，who works in downtown West Palm Beach，has lunch with coworkers sometimes，but like many of us，too often works through lunch at her desk．
[分析] 主句结构是Bechtel has lunch，but works through lunch，who 引导定语从句修饰Bechtel。
[译文] 贝克特尔在西棕榈海滩市中心工作，她偶尔和同事共进午餐，但是，就像我们很多人那样，更多时候是在办公桌旁边工作边吃午餐。
2．In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry，“food waste goes against the moral grain，” as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month's cover story．
[分析] 这是一个复合句。句子主干为引号内的内容food waste goes against the moral grain，as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month's cover story为非限制性定语从句；where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry是定语从句，修饰world。against the grain为固定短语，意为“违反意愿，不合情理”，故against the moral grain指在道义上不合情理。
[译文] 在一个每年接近八亿人挨饿的世界上，“浪费食物有悖人道，”Elizabeth Royte在本月封面报道正文中这样写道。
3．Producing food that no one eats wastes the water，fuel，and other resources used to grow it．
[分析] 这是一个复合句。句子主干为Producing food wastes the water，fuel and other resources，其中主语是动名词短语producing food；that no one eats是定语从句，修饰food；used to grow it是过去分词短语，作定语修饰resources，此处used to意为“被用来……”，并不是固定短语“过去常常”的用法。
[译文] 生产没人吃的食物，会浪费水、燃料和其他用来培植这种食物所用的资源。
4．Last year it recovered more than 807，500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields．
[分析] 这是一个复合句。句子主干为it recovered more than 807，500 pounds of food，后跟方式状语by taking donations and collecting blemished produce，最后that otherwise would have rotted in fields是定语从句。
[译文] 去年，该公司通过接受捐赠和征集有瑕疵的产品对807，500磅的食物进行了重新利用，否则这些食物就会烂在地里。
02
核心词汇用法归纳
常考句型结构分析
掌握必备知识
1．recommend vt．推荐；建议；介绍；劝告
(1)recommend sth．to sb．/recommend sb．sth．向某人推荐/介绍某物
recommend doing sth．建议做某事
recommend that...(should) do sth．建议做某事
It is/was recommended that...(should) do...有人建议……
(2)recommendation n．推荐
a letter of recommendation推荐信
follow mother's recommendations听从母亲的劝告
recommend the Chinese traditional dress to you向你介绍中国传统服装
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Our hosts shared many of their experiences and ___________ (recommend) wonderful places to eat，shop，and visit．
②A great many tourist spots can be found along the Yangtze River，and that's why I recommend the trip __ you．
③My English teacher recommended ______ (buy)an English-Chinese dictionary which he thought would be of great help to my studies．
recommended
to
buying
[能力提升]——一句多译
出于安全考虑，建议父母不要让12岁以下的孩子骑自行车上学。
①________________________________ their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety．(recommend sb．to do)
②___________________________________________ their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety．(recommend ＋that从句)
Parents are recommended not to allow
It is recommended that parents (should)not allow
(1)on the basis of ...根据……；在……的基础上
(2)base vt．以……为根据 n．基部； 基地； 基础，根据地
base...on/upon...把……建立在……基础之上
be based on/upon以……为基础； 依据……
(3)basic adj．基本的； 基础的
2．basis n．基础； 基本原则
revolutionary bases革命根据地
use the house as a base for his business把这所房子作为他生意的总部
an early-warning system based on mathematical models基于数学模型的早期报警系统
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①As far as I'm concerned，common hobbies are the _____ (base) of making friends．
②They have to have a _____(base)understanding of computers in order to use the advanced technology．
basis
basic
[能力提升]——完成句子
不要接受加于你的观点，除非是基于事实。
You cannot accept an opinion offered to you unless__________________
___________ facts．
it is based on/upon/on
the basis of
3．advance vt．& vi．前进；促进；提前 n．前进；进步
(1)in advance (＝ahead of time)提前；预先
in advance of 在……前面；超过
make an advance in sth．在某方面有进步
(2)advanced adj．先进的；高级的
advance greatly in our knowledge of the universe在对宇宙的认识上取得了很大的进步
technological/scientific/medical advances 技术/科学/医学的进步
pay sb．＄500 in advance预付某人500美元
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①In the near future，more ________(advance) in the robot technology will be made by scientists．
②As is known to all，China will be an ________(advance) and powerful country in 20 or 30 years' time．
advanced
advances
[能力提升]——完成句子
我建议提前预订座位。
I recommend making seat reservations _____________________．
in advance/ahead of time
(1)It is/was/seems obvious that...很明显……
(2)obviously adv．明显地，显而易见
(3)It is/was clear/apparent/evident that...很明显……
4．obvious adj．明显的；明确表示的；平淡无奇的，缺乏想象力的；合情合理的
for obvious reasons 显而易见的原因
obvious signs of a break-in闯入的明显痕迹
be blindingly obvious十分明显
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①It ___ (be) obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave．
②It is obvious ____ smart phones play a more and more important role in our daily life．
③__________ (obvious)，a good learning habit can help us to speed up to achieve our aims．
was
that
Obviously
[能力提升]——一句多译
显而易见，没有你及时的帮助，我不可能实现我的目标。
①_______________________________________ without your timely help，I wouldn't have achieved my goal．
②__________________________________________，without your timely help，I wouldn't have achieved my goal．
It is obvious/clear/apparent/evident that
Obviously/Clearly/Apparently/Evidently
(1)survive＋n．(the fire/earthquake/accident...)从(火灾/地震/事故等) 中生还
survive on靠……维持生活；靠……存活下来
(2)survival n．幸存；[C]遗物；幸存物
survivor n．幸存者；死里逃生的人
5．survive vt．比……活得长 vi．活下来；幸存；残留
survive the earthquake 在地震中幸免于难
survive on such a low salary 靠这么低的工资维持生计
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Human life is regarded as part of nature and，as such，the only way for us _________(survive) is to live in harmony with nature．
②After the plane crash，what the _________(survive) could do was to wait for rescue on this desert island．
to survive
survivors
[能力提升]——一句多译
如果他找不到森林出口，几乎就活不下来。
①If he couldn't find his way out of the forest，____________________
________________．(survival)
②If he couldn't find his way out of the forest，__________________．
(survive)
there would be little
chance of survival
he could hardly survive
(1)observe sb．doing sth．看到某人正在做某事
observe sb．do sth．看到某人做了某事
observe sb．/sth．done看到某人/物被……
(2)observation n．观察
observatory n．天文台
observer n．观察者
6．observe vt．观察；观测；遵守；庆祝
observe the behavior of every student观察每个同学的表现
observe a man enter the bank看到一个人走进了银行
observe him reading a novel看到他在读小说
[一词多义]——写出下列句中observe的含义
①We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made an impact on our lives in many ways．____
②Rules should be worked out and strictly observed．____
[能力提升]——完成句子
我想要给你讲我们是如何过春节的。
I'd like to tell you something about ______________________ the Spring Festival．
观察
遵守
how we observe/celebrate
(1)reward sb．with sth．用……奖赏某人
reward sb．for sth．/doing sth．因(做)某事奖励某人
(2)as a reward for...作为对……的报酬
in reward for 为报答；作为……的奖赏
(3)rewarding adj．值得做的；有益的
7．reward n．& v．报答；报酬；奖金；酬劳；奖赏
be rewarded with a smile报以微笑
a reward for good behavior优秀行为奖
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①The students have been working hard at their lessons and their efforts will __________ (reward) with success in the end．
②When asked for his views about his teaching job，Philip said he found it very interesting and _________ (reward)．
be rewarded
rewarding
[能力提升]——一句多译
我给那个男孩一本字典作为他对我无私帮助的回报。
①I gave the boy a dictionary，_______________ his selfless help to me．(reward v．)
②I gave the boy a dictionary ________________________ his selfless help to me．(reward n．)
rewarding him for
in reward for/as a reward for
1．There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one，but those days are over．
曾经一度人们可能会因为一个人要一张桌子感到尴尬，不过那个时代过去了。
[句型公式] There was a time when...“曾经一度……”，when引导定语从句。
本句型还有如下表达方式：
(1)There are/were times when...
(2)It is/was a time when...
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①It/There was a time ____ I was addicted to playing computer games．
②There was _ time when I was always upset and easily got angry about some unimportant matters．
[能力提升]——完成句子
有一段日子我对一切与自然相关的东西都非常着迷。
__________________ I became crazy about everything to do with nature．
when
a
There was a time when
[句型公式] 这是if引导的虚拟语气条件句型，这类句型多描述跟事实相反或者无法成为现实的条件，以及在此条件下可能产生的结果；时态多采用过去时、过去完成时、过去将来时、过去将来完成时等，或者特定情态动词等来表达对不同时间的假设。
2．If food waste were a country，it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world．
如果食物浪费是一个国家，那么它将是世界上第三大温室气体制造者。
(1)对将来情况的虚拟，表示与将来事实相反：
从句：If＋主语＋were to do或者If＋主语＋should＋do
主句：主语＋would/should/could/might＋do
(2)对现在情况的虚拟，表示与现在事实相反：
从句：If＋主语＋动词一般过去时(was/were/did)
主句：主语＋ would/should/could/might＋do
(3)对过去情况的虚拟，表示与过去事实相反：
从句：If＋主语＋had＋done
主句：主语＋would/should/could/might＋have done
(4)可以使用without/but for等替代if从句。
(5)if从句中可省略if，前置助动词，构成从句倒装结构。
[基础练习]
①If I ____ (be) you，I would reconsider their advice．
②You would not have caught a cold if you ______ (put) on more clothes yesterday．
③___ I were to / should do it，I would do it in a different way．
were
had put
If
[能力提升]——一句多译
要不是你的帮助，我上周考试就过不了了。
①____________________，I wouldn't have passed the exam last week．
②________________________，I wouldn't have passed the exam last week．
③___________________，I wouldn't have passed the exam last week．
If you had not helped me
But for/Without your help
Had you not helped me
03
夯基固本·知识落实
强技提能·知识应用
提升关键能力
Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空
1．The grain just ______(rot) and all they could use it for was animal feed．
2．Medical ________(advance) make it possible for us to cure some diseases．
rotted
advances
3．My English teacher asked us ________ (choose) a topic，make a weekly plan and tell the class about it．
4．The heart is not conquered by force，but by love and _________ (tolerant)．
5．Lily observed a man ____(slip) into her neighbor's house．
to choose
tolerance
slip
Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词
1．After being awarded first prize，he expressed that he would continue to reward the people and the society ____ his hard work．
2．I'd appreciate it if you let me know whether you are available or not __ advance．
with
in
3．Students sometimes support themselves __ means of doing part-time jobs．
4．I didn't know how you all manage to survive __ your small salary．
5．The movie was based __ a real-life incident．And it turned out to be a success．
by
on
on
完形填空
The 600-year-old Forbidden City is the world's largest palace．It 1 more than 17 million 2 every year．If we were to travel back to the past，this huge palace would be a 3 to us with a lot remaining to be discovered．
It was when all 4 in Beijing were low except for the Forbidden City，which was surrounded by high 5 and a wide moat (护城河)．After 6 the golden roof (屋顶) from the outside，people could only 7 what it looked like inside．
Covering an area of 720，000 square meters in the heart of Beijing，the Forbidden City was built from 1406 to 1420 by the third emperor of the Ming Dynasty．In the past，the Forbidden City was where the highest 8 of the country lay．Emperors were born，lived and died there．Various 9 events happened there．It saw the ups and downs of the Ming and Qing dynasties，as well as how feudal monarchy (封建帝制) 10 came to an end in China．
The lives of the royal families were 11 in many documents (文件)．They 12 a large amount of valuable material for today's historical 13 ，as well as inspiration for literature and entertainment．
In 1987，the Forbidden City was 14 as a UNESCO World Heritage Site．For state leaders who visit China，it is a must-see tourist 15 ．When they pay a state visit to China，our top leaders may show them around there．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了拥有600年历史的故宫的相关信息，它已被纳入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录。
1．A．relieves B．receives
C．guides D．sells
B [根据句意和后面的travel，说明此处表示“接待游客来旅游”，receive接待，故选B。]
2．A．visitors B．students
C．teachers D．citizens
A [根据上题，此处指游客，选A。]
3．A．dream B．hope
C．wonder D．mystery
D [根据空后的with a lot remaining to be discovered可知，mystery符合文意，故选D。]
4．A．museums B．rooms
C．buildings D．temples
C [根据句意，此处是指周围的建筑物和故宫相比都很低，故选C。]
5．A．towers B．walls
C．trees D．hills
B [此处指故宫被“城墙”环绕，故选B。]
6．A．looking at B．giving up
C．setting down D．jumping at
A [此处表示从外面“看”故宫的屋顶，故选A。]
7．A．tell B．think
C．imagine D．admire
C [因为看不到里面，所以只能“想象”里面的样子，故选C。]
8．A．altitude B．power
C．figure D．position
B [根据句意和下文的Emperors可知，此处表示最高“权力”，故选B。]
9．A．happy B．sad
C．historical D．national
C [故宫经历了明、清两个朝代，是国家最高权力的中心，再结合史实可知，此处表示许多“历史”事件发生在那里。故选C。]
10．A．finally B．quickly
C．gradually D．suddenly
A [根据句意，故宫见证了明、清两个朝代的兴衰，也见证了封建帝制如何在中国终结。 come to an end意为“结束”，此处指“最终”结束，故选A。]
11．A．recorded B．settled
C．connected D．copied
A [根据句意和下文in many documents，此处指“记录”历史，故选A。]
12．A．grasp B．ignore
C．write D．provide
D [根据句意以及和介词for搭配，此处表示“为……提供材料和灵感”，provide...for...为……提供……，故选D。]
13．A．background B．research
C．design D．survey
B [此处指现在的历史“研究”，故选B。]
14．A．treated B．remembered
C．listed D．honoured
C [此处表示“故宫被列为联合国教科文组织世界遗产地”，be listed as表示“被列为”，故选C。]
15．A．palace B．scenery
C．attraction D．place
C [tourist attraction意为“旅游景点”。故选C。]
04
话题写作
读后续写
铸就核心价值
Step 1 写作要点(根据汉语提示补全所给的英文句子)
①随着因特网的迅速发展，人们可以通过网络申请工作。
______________________________，people can ________ jobs through the Internet．
②在某种程度上，电脑改变了我们的生活。
_______，computers have changed our lives．
As the Internet develops rapidly
apply for
In a way
③人们用它们打字、发信号、解决各种问题，甚至探索月球。
People use them to _____________________________________ and even ______________．
④很多新的问题出现了。
Many new problems __________．
type，signal，solve all kinds of problems
explore the moon
have arisen
⑤许多学生对电脑很着迷，他们在电脑上花费了太多的时间。
Many students _________________________ and they spend too much time on them．
⑥部分学生在考试中失败。
Some of the students ___________．
⑦但不管怎么说，电脑在我们的生活中起着很重要的作用。
_______，computers play an important part in our lives．
become crazy about computers
fail in exams
Anyhow
Step 2 表达升级(改变所给句子的结构以使表达升级)
①用with短语改写句①
_______________________________________________________________________．
②用“so...that...”句型改写句⑤
Many students _______________________________ they spend too much time on them．
With the Internet developing rapidly，people can apply for jobs through
the Internet
become so crazy about computers that
Step 3 衔接成文(利用恰当的过渡衔接词语连句成篇)
With the Internet developing rapidly，people can apply for jobs through the Internet．In a way，computers have changed our lives．People use them to type，signal，solve all kinds of problems and even explore the moon．However，many new problems have arisen．Many students become so crazy about computers that they spend too much time on them．As a result，some of the students fail in exams．Anyhow，computers play an important part in our lives．
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
We put the raft in the calm，cold water．I looked down．The water was like a mirror．It was a foggy morning，so I could barely make out what was down the river．When we took our places in the raft，I was in the back with my dad right across from me．Our tour guide was telling us the basics of rafting，and it seemed she was patronizing us！I was terrified．Since I was in the back，I was sure I would be the one to fall out．But I have always been an optimist，so I thought it would turn out okay．
Then I looked up and saw a big，gray cloud．I looked down at the river，and it started to get louder and closer to us；soon raindrops pelted us．Once we moved out of the rain，the clouds faded away，and the sun was shining down on us for the rest of the day．As I looked around，I saw the monstrous，green trees standing over me．It was beautiful．
As we moved farther down the river，I heard the water flowing gracefully．When we moved deeper into the gorge，it got louder and louder．This was our first rapids．It seemed that we were approaching the rapids slowly，but we were at the top of the rapids in the blink of an eye．It felt like time frozen．I was so excited and nervous；I thought I was going to die．It was a bumpy ride down．Getting splashed with water，we raced up and down the rocks．There was not a patch of dry skin on us by the time we hit the bottom．
After we got through the rapids，I was so excited！Going down made me feel I could do anything．Our tour guide told us we were going to approach Category V rapids．It was more intense than the Category I rapids，and I got a little more nervous．It took us a little while to get to the rapids because we had to go down a long river．We were allowed to jump off the raft and swim down the river until we had to get back in．
注意：1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
About three minutes later，the Category V was coming．________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
After racing down all of the rapids，I was no longer scared．_____
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
About three minutes later，the Category V was coming．The raft raced down the rapids.Water was splashing on the rocks，letting out louder noise.Screaming all the way down，I saw white water all over.I was so nervous because there were five big solitary rocks sticking out.If a little careless，we might hit one and get turned upside down.In the blink of an eye，we turned around the last huge rock，entering a small calm ride.When we settled at the bottom，I wanted to go back up and do it all again.
After racing down all of the rapids，I was no longer scared．“What did you think about that Category V rapids？” my dad asked.“I was super nervous at first．But when we hit the bottom，I wanted to do it once more．” “Would you say you become more confident of yourself？” he continued．“Yes，I would say I become much more confident of myself．” I smiled．We walked towards our campsite．INCLUDEPICTURE "．．/五年高考真题重做．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
INCLUDEPICTURE "．．/阅读理解．TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
A (2020·全国卷Ⅲ·C)
With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation(孤独)，more families are choosing to live together．
The doorway to peace and quiet，for Nick Bright at least，leads straight to his mother in law：she lives on the ground floor，while he lives upstairs with his wife and their two daughters．
Four years ago they all moved into a three storey Victorian house in Bristol—one of a growing number of multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same roof．They share a front door and a washing machine，but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen，bathroom，bedroom and living room on the ground floor．
“We floated the idea to my mum of sharing a house，” says Kathryn Whitehead．Rita cuts in：“We spoke more with Nick because I think it's a big thing for Nick to live with his mother in law．”
And what does Nick think？“From my standpoint，it all seems to work very well．Would I recommend it？Yes，I think I would．”
It's hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him，but research indicates that the numbers have been rising for some time．Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together had risen from 325，000 in 2001 to 419，000 in 2013．
Other varieties of multigenerational family are more common．Some people live with their elderly parents; many more adult children are returning to the family home，if they ever left．It is said that about 20% of 25－34 year olds live with their parents，compared with 16% in 1991．The total number of all multigenerational households in Britain is thought to be about 1.8 million．
Stories like that are more common in parts of the world where multigenerational living is more firmly rooted．In India，particularly outside cities，young women are expected to move in with their husband's family when they get married．
【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍了随着年轻人生活压力的增大以及老年人孤独感的增加，越来越多的英国家庭选择几世同堂，且这已成为一种趋势。
1．Who mainly uses the ground floor in the Victorian house in Bristol
A．Nick． B．Rita．
C．Kathryn． D．The daughters．
B [细节理解题。根据第三段“Four years ago they all moved into a three storey Victorian house in Bristol...but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen，bathroom，bedroom and living room on the ground floor．”可知，在布里斯托尔的维多利亚时代的房子里，Rita住在一楼，故选B。]
2．What is Nick's attitude towards sharing the house with his mother in law
A．Positive． B．Carefree．
C．Tolerant． D．Unwilling．
A [推理判断题。根据第五段中的“From my standpoint，it all seems to work very well．Would I recommend it？Yes，I think I would．”可以判断，Nick对于与岳母住在一起持积极的态度，故选A。carefree无忧无虑的；tolerant宽容的；unwilling不情愿的。]
3．What is the author's statement about multigenerational family based on
A．Family traditions．
B．Financial reports．
C．Published statistics．
D．Public opinions．
C [推理判断题。根据第六段中的“Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together had risen from 325，000 in 2001 to 419，000 in 2013．”和第七段中的“It is said that about 20% of 25－34 year olds...about 1.8 million．”可知，作者通过罗列数据来说明几世同堂家庭的情况，故C项“公布的数据”正确。]
4．What is the text mainly about
A．Lifestyles in different countries．
B．Conflicts between generations．
C．A housing problem in Britain．
D．A rising trend of living in the UK．
D [主旨大意题。根据全文中心句“With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation，more families are choosing to live together．”可知，本文主要介绍了近年来英国人选择几世同堂的趋势在上升，故选D。]
B (2019·全国卷Ⅱ·C)
Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach's Bar Louie counter by herself，quietly reading her e book as she waits for her salad．What is she reading？None of your business！Lunch is Bechtel's “me” time．And like more Americans，she's not alone．
A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America．More than half(53 percent)have breakfast alone and nearly half (46 percent)have lunch by themselves．Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore，74 percent，according to statistics from the report．
“I prefer to go out and be out．Alone，but together，you know？”Bechtel said，looking up from her book．Bechtel，who works in downtown West Palm Beach，has lunch with coworkers sometimes，but like many of us，too often works through lunch at her desk．A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder．She returns to work feeling energized．“Today，I just wanted some time to myself，”she said．
Just two seats over，Andrew Mazoleny，a local videographer，is finishing his lunch at the bar．He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he's on a first name basis if he wants to have a little interaction(交流)．“I reflect on how my day's gone and think about the rest of the week，”he said．“It's a chance for self reflection．You return to work recharged and with a plan．”
That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone．There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one，but those days are over．Now，we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table．“It doesn't feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology，”said Laurie Demeritt，whose company provided the statistics for the report．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了现在的美国人多数喜欢独自一人吃饭，他们喜欢这种独处带来的自由。
5．What are the statistics in paragraph 2 about
A．Food variety． B．Eating habits．
C．Table manners． D．Restaurant service．
B [推理判断题。根据第二段中的大部分人独自吃早饭或午饭，一起吃晚饭的数据可知，这是对美国人的饮食习惯进行的调查，故答案为B。]
6．Why does Bechtel prefer to go out for lunch
A．To meet with her coworkers．
B．To catch up with her work．
C．To have some time on her own．
D．To collect data for her report．
C [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“I just wanted some time to myself(我只是想给自己一点儿时间)”可知，Bechtel更喜欢出去吃午饭的原因是想拥有自己的时间，故答案为C。]
7．What do we know about Mazoleny
A．He makes videos for the bar．
B．He's fond of the food at the bar．
C．He interviews customers at the bar．
D．He's familiar with the barkeeper．
D [推理判断题。根据题干中的Mazoleny可定位到第四段，“...chat up the barkeeper with whom he's on a first name basis if he wants to have a little interaction．”中的on a first name basis的意思是“关系好，可以直呼其名”，由此可知Mazoleny与酒吧服务员很熟，故答案为D。]
8．What is the text mainly about
A．The trend of having meals alone．
B．The importance of self reflection．
C．The stress from working overtime．
D．The advantage of wireless technology．
A [主旨大意题。根据第一、三、四段的例子，第二段的数据以及最后一段中的第一句“That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone．”再次提及的eat alone可知，本文主要讲了独自用餐已经逐渐成为一种趋势，故答案为A。]
C (2022·新高考卷Ⅰ·B)
Like most of us，I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste．The arugula(芝麻菜) was to make a nice green salad，rounding out a roast chicken dinner．But I ended up working late．Then friends called with a dinner invitation．I stuck the chicken in the freezer．But as days passed，the arugula went bad．Even worse，I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out．
In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry，“food waste goes against the moral grain，”as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month's cover story．It's jaw dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away—from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans．
Producing food that no one eats wastes the water，fuel，and other resources used to grow it．That makes food waste an environmental problem．In fact，Royte writes，“if food waste were a country，it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world．”
If that's hard to understand，let's keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator．Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time—but for him，it's more like 12 boxes of donated strawberries nearing their last days．Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington，D．C．，which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals．Last year it recovered more than 807，500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的)produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields．And the strawberries？Volunteers will wash，cut，and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road．
Such methods seem obvious，yet so often we just don't think．“Everyone can play a part in reducing waste，whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won't eat，” Curtin says．
【语篇解读】 本文作者通过种种事例呼吁人们不要浪费食物。
9．What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story
A．We pay little attention to food waste．
B．We waste food unintentionally at times．
C．We waste more vegetables than meat．
D．We have good reasons for wasting food．
B [推理判断题。根据第一段中的“I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste”以及“But I ended up working late...unthinkingly bought way too much”可知，作者有意识地避免浪费食物，但还是因为加班、和朋友聚餐以及买得太多而导致芝麻菜腐烂。由此可推知，我们有时会在无意中浪费食物。故选B。]
10．What is a consequence of food waste according to the text
A．Moral decline．
B．Environmental harm．
C．Energy shortage．
D．Worldwide starvation．
B [细节理解题。根据第三段中的 “Producing food that no one eats wastes the water，fuel，and other resources used to grow it．That makes food waste an environmental problem．”可知，浪费食物的后果是引发环境问题。故选B。]
11．What does Curtin's company do
A．It produces kitchen equipment．
B．It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel．
C．It helps local farmers grow fruits．
D．It makes meals out of unwanted food．
D [细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Last year it recovered more than 807，500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields．”可知，Curtin的公司用人们不想要的食物来做饭。故选D。]
12．What does Curtin suggest people do
A．Buy only what is needed．
B．Reduce food consumption．
C．Go shopping once a week．
D．Eat in restaurants less often．
A [细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won't eat”可知，Curtin建议人们减少食物浪费。故选A。]
INCLUDEPICTURE "．．/完形填空．TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
(2019·浙江卷)
There are lots of ways to raise awareness for a cause．Usually，the 1 the idea is，the more it gets noticed．And that's precisely why one 2 Frenchman has caught our attention．
Baptiste Dubanchet is biking across Europe，surviving 3 on discarded(丢弃)food．The three month，1，900 mile journey from Paris to Warsaw is Dubanchet's 4 of raising awareness of food waste in Europe and throughout the world．
As you can 5 ，the trip is no piece of cake．While restaurants 6 tons of food each year，much of it remains inaccessible because of 7 garbage containers，health regulations，or business policies．Only about one in ten places 8 him food that would otherwise be discarded．For legal 9 ，most restaurants have a policy against 10 food waste．“Some people have even 11 their jobs by giving me food，” Dubanchet said．
What's 12 interesting is the attitude various cities have toward Dubanchet's cause．Berlin has been the 13 while the most difficult was the Czech town of Pilsen．There，he had to 14 at some 50 different stores or restaurants before finding food．The 15 is all the more serious when you consider the 16 exercise required to bike from France to Poland．
“I have to get food 17 because after all the biking I am tired and I need the 18 ，”Dubanchet explained．“Is my 19 full or empty That is the most important thing，not what I am eating．”
He aims to 20 his journey by mid July．With any luck，he'll turn a few more heads in the process．
【语篇解读】 这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了法国人Baptiste Dubanchet骑着自行车穿越欧洲，完全靠丢弃的食物生存，试图通过他的行动，来唤起人们对食物浪费现象的关注。
1．A．cleverer B．older
C．stranger D．simpler
C [考查形容词辨析。根据“Usually，the ______ the idea is，the more it gets noticed．”可知，这里意思是通常，这个观点越奇怪，它就会越受到关注。故选C。]
2．A．garbage eating B．sports loving
C．food wasting D．law breaking
A [考查形容词辨析。根据“Baptiste Dubanchet is biking across Europe，surviving ______ on discarded(丢弃) food．”可知，这里意思是那就是为什么一个“吃垃圾”的法国人引起了我们的注意。故选A。]
3．A．secretly B．finally
C．entirely D．probably
C [考查副词辨析。句意：Baptiste Dubanchet骑着自行车穿越欧洲，完全靠丢弃的食物生存。故选C。]
4．A．purpose B．way
C．opinion D．dream
B [考查名词辨析。句意：从巴黎到华沙历时三个月、1 900英里的旅程，是Dubanchet引起欧洲和全世界对食物浪费这一现象关注的方式。故选B。]
5．A．observe B．imagine
C．suggest D．remember
B [考查动词辨析。句意：你可以想象，这次旅行不是小菜一碟。故选B。]
6．A．store B．cook
C．shop for D．throw away
D [考查动词和动词短语辨析。句意：虽然餐馆每年扔掉大量的食物，但由于垃圾容器上锁、卫生规定或商业政策，很多食物仍然不可得到。故选D。]
7．A．locked B．damaged
C．connected D．abandoned
A [考查形容词辨析。根据“it remains inaccessible”可知，这里意思是垃圾容器上锁。故选A。]
8．A．bought B．offered
C．ordered D．sold
B [考查动词辨析。句意：只有大约十分之一的地方给他提供了食物，否则就会被丢弃。故选B。]
9．A．reasons B．rights
C．fees D．aids
A [考查名词辨析。句意：由于法律原因，大多数餐馆都有禁止分发食物残渣的政策。故选A。]
10．A．begging for B．giving away
C．hiding D．causing
B [考查动词和动词短语辨析。参见上题解析。故选B。]
11．A．did B．kept
C．accepted D．risked
D [考查动词辨析。上文说由于法律原因，大多数餐馆都有禁止分发食物残渣的政策。可知，这里意思是有些人甚至冒着失业的危险给我食物。故选D。]
12．A．hardly B．usually
C．particularly D．merely
C [考查副词辨析。句意：特别有趣的是各个城市对Dubanchet事件的态度。故选C。]
13．A．easiest B．nearest
C．biggest D．richest
A [考查形容词辨析。根据“while the most difficult was the Czech town of Pilsen”可知，这里意思是柏林是最容易的。故选A。]
14．A．work B．shout
C．ask D．jump
C [考查动词辨析。句意：在那里，他必须在大约50家不同的商店或餐馆询问，才能找到食物。故选C。]
15．A．competition B．conversation
C．conflict D．challenge
D [考查名词辨析。句意：当你考虑到从法国骑自行车到波兰所需要的高强度运动时，挑战就更加严峻了。故选D。]
16．A．adequate B．rewarding
C．demanding D．suitable
C [考查形容词辨析。句意见上题。故选C。]
17．A．again B．alone
C．later D．fast
D [考查副词辨析。句意：我必须快点吃东西，因为骑了那么久的自行车，我累了，我需要能量。故选D。]
18．A．spirit B．energy
C．time D．effort
B [考查名词辨析。根据“because after all the biking I am tired”可知，“我”需要能量。故选B。]
19．A．stomach B．hand
C．pocket D．basket
A [考查名词辨析。根据“That is the most important thing，not what I am eating．”可知，这里意思是“我”的胃是满的还是空的。故选A。]
20．A．arrange B．restart
C．report D．finish
D [考查动词辨析。根据“With any luck，he'll turn a few more heads in the process．”可知，这里意思是他计划在七月中旬结束他的旅行。故选D。]
INCLUDEPICTURE "．．/主题语境词汇存储．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
INCLUDEPICTURE "．．/三栏1．TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
1．isolation n．隔离；孤独
2．float v．提出
3．indicate vt．表明；指出；预示
4．particularly adv．尤其
5．attitude n．态度，观点
6．positive adj．积极的，阳性的
7．statistics n．数据
8．awkward adj．尴尬的
9．mindful adj．留心的
10．moral adj．有关道德的
11．reject v．拒绝
12．garbage n．垃圾
13．donate v．捐赠
14．otherwise adv．否则；另外；在其他方面
15．purchase v．购买
16．inaccessible adj．难达到的；不可得到的
17．conflict n．矛盾，冲突
INCLUDEPICTURE "．．/三栏3．TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
INCLUDEPICTURE "．．/三栏1+．TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
1．afford vt．买得起；给予，提供
2．share v．分享 n．份额
3．total n．总数 adj．全部的
4．unwilling adj．不乐意的
5．escape v．逃脱
6．provide v．提供
7．cover n．封面
INCLUDEPICTURE "．．/三栏3．TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
INCLUDEPICTURE "．．/二栏1．TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
1．compare v．比较→comparison n．比较
2．tolerant adj．容忍的→tolerance n．忍受
3．tradition n．传统→traditional adj．传统的
4．choose v．选择→choice n．选择
5．environment n．环境 → environmental adj．环境的
6．recover v．恢复 → recovery n．康复
7．reduce v．减少→ reduction n．减小
8．regulate v．控制，管理→regulation n．条例；规程
INCLUDEPICTURE "．．/二栏3．TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
INCLUDEPICTURE "．．/二栏1+．TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
1．none of your business 没你的事
2．according to 根据，按照
3．catch up with 赶上
4．go to waste 浪费
5．round out 完成
INCLUDEPICTURE "．．/二栏3．TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
[即时演练]单句语法填空
1．Therefore，I was unwilling(willing) to communicate with others in case I lost face．
2．We could not afford to overlook(overlook) such a serious offence．
3．The dancer's incredible(credible) performance had the audience on its feet clapping for 10 minutes at the end of the show．
4．The only way to round out your education is by going deep into the realities of life．
5．They managed to escape (escape) from the burning building by breaking open the door．
6．Frustrated by frequent failures in my English exams，I found myself on the point of giving up totally (total)．
7．However，he made efforts to catch up with others，and made progress little by little．
8．She'd lost her job．Even worse(bad)，she'd lost her house and her children，too．
9．Wage rates must be maintained in order to maintain the purchasing(purchase) power of the consumer．
INCLUDEPICTURE "．．/奇特语言现象探究．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
Ⅰ．熟词生义(写出句中黑体词的汉语意思)
1．“We floated the idea to my mum of sharing a house，” says Kathryn Whitehead．提出
2．Even worse，I had unthinkingly bought way too much．远远地，大量地
3．Volunteers will wash，cut，and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road．使……变干
Ⅱ．似易实难(将句中黑体词部分译成汉语)
1...．many more adult children are returning to the family home，if they ever left．
[译文] ……更多的成年孩子返回到父母所在的家，如果他们曾经搬出去过的话。
2．And like more Americans，she's not alone．
[译文] 而且更多的美国人都像她这样。
Ⅲ．复杂晦涩(分析句子结构并译成汉语)
1．Bechtel，who works in downtown West Palm Beach，has lunch with coworkers sometimes，but like many of us，too often works through lunch at her desk．
[分析] 主句结构是Bechtel has lunch，but works through lunch，who 引导定语从句修饰Bechtel。
[译文] 贝克特尔在西棕榈海滩市中心工作，她偶尔和同事共进午餐，但是，就像我们很多人那样，更多时候是在办公桌旁边工作边吃午餐。
2．In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry，“food waste goes against the moral grain，” as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month's cover story．
[分析] 这是一个复合句。句子主干为引号内的内容food waste goes against the moral grain，as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month's cover story为非限制性定语从句；where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry是定语从句，修饰world。against the grain为固定短语，意为“违反意愿，不合情理”，故against the moral grain指在道义上不合情理。
[译文] 在一个每年接近八亿人挨饿的世界上，“浪费食物有悖人道，”Elizabeth Royte在本月封面报道正文中这样写道。
3．Producing food that no one eats wastes the water，fuel，and other resources used to grow it．
[分析] 这是一个复合句。句子主干为Producing food wastes the water，fuel and other resources，其中主语是动名词短语producing food；that no one eats是定语从句，修饰food；used to grow it是过去分词短语，作定语修饰resources，此处used to意为“被用来……”，并不是固定短语“过去常常”的用法。
[译文] 生产没人吃的食物，会浪费水、燃料和其他用来培植这种食物所用的资源。
4．Last year it recovered more than 807，500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields．
[分析] 这是一个复合句。句子主干为it recovered more than 807，500 pounds of food，后跟方式状语by taking donations and collecting blemished produce，最后that otherwise would have rotted in fields是定语从句。
[译文] 去年，该公司通过接受捐赠和征集有瑕疵的产品对807，500磅的食物进行了重新利用，否则这些食物就会烂在地里。
INCLUDEPICTURE "．．/掌握必备知识．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
INCLUDEPICTURE "．．/核心词汇用法归纳．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
1．recommend vt．推荐；建议；介绍；劝告
(1)recommend sth．to sb．/recommend sb．sth．向某人推荐/介绍某物
recommend doing sth．建议做某事
recommend that...(should) do sth．建议做某事
It is/was recommended that...(should) do...有人建议……
(2)recommendation n．推荐
INCLUDEPICTURE "．．/词块积累1．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
a letter of recommendation推荐信
follow mother's recommendations听从母亲的劝告
recommend the Chinese traditional dress to you向你介绍中国传统服装
INCLUDEPICTURE "．．/词块积累3．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Our hosts shared many of their experiences and recommended (recommend) wonderful places to eat，shop，and visit．
②A great many tourist spots can be found along the Yangtze River，and that's why I recommend the trip to you．
③My English teacher recommended buying (buy)an English Chinese dictionary which he thought would be of great help to my studies．
[能力提升]——一句多译
出于安全考虑，建议父母不要让12岁以下的孩子骑自行车上学。
①Parents are recommended not to allow their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety．(recommend sb．to do)
②It is recommended that parents (should)not allow their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety．(recommend ＋that从句)
2．basis n．基础； 基本原则
(1)on the basis of ...根据……；在……的基础上
(2)base vt．以……为根据 n．基部； 基地； 基础，根据地
base...on/upon...把……建立在……基础之上
be based on/upon以……为基础； 依据……
(3)basic adj．基本的； 基础的
INCLUDEPICTURE "．．/词块积累1．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
revolutionary bases革命根据地
use the house as a base for his business把这所房子作为他生意的总部
an early warning system based on mathematical models基于数学模型的早期报警系统
INCLUDEPICTURE "．．/词块积累3．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①As far as I'm concerned，common hobbies are the basis (base) of making friends．
②They have to have a basic(base)understanding of computers in order to use the advanced technology．
[能力提升]——完成句子
不要接受加于你的观点，除非是基于事实。
You cannot accept an opinion offered to you unless it is based on/upon/on the basis of facts．
3．advance vt．& vi．前进；促进；提前 n．前进；进步
(1)in advance (＝ahead of time)提前；预先
in advance of 在……前面；超过
make an advance in sth．在某方面有进步
(2)advanced adj．先进的；高级的
INCLUDEPICTURE "．．/词块积累1．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
advance greatly in our knowledge of the universe在对宇宙的认识上取得了很大的进步
technological/scientific/medical advances 技术/科学/医学的进步
pay sb．＄500 in advance预付某人500美元
INCLUDEPICTURE "．．/词块积累3．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①In the near future，more advances (advance) in the robot technology will be made by scientists．
②As is known to all，China will be an advanced(advance) and powerful country in 20 or 30 years' time．
[能力提升]——完成句子
我建议提前预订座位。
I recommend making seat reservations in advance/ahead of time．
4．obvious adj．明显的；明确表示的；平淡无奇的，缺乏想象力的；合情合理的
(1)It is/was/seems obvious that...很明显……
(2)obviously adv．明显地，显而易见
(3)It is/was clear/apparent/evident that...很明显……
INCLUDEPICTURE "．．/词块积累1．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
for obvious reasons 显而易见的原因
obvious signs of a break in闯入的明显痕迹
be blindingly obvious十分明显
INCLUDEPICTURE "．．/词块积累3．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①It was (be) obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave．
②It is obvious that smart phones play a more and more important role in our daily life．
③Obviously (obvious)，a good learning habit can help us to speed up to achieve our aims．
[能力提升]——一句多译
显而易见，没有你及时的帮助，我不可能实现我的目标。
①It is obvious/clear/apparent/evident that without your timely help，I wouldn't have achieved my goal．
②Obviously/Clearly/Apparently/Evidently，without your timely help，I wouldn't have achieved my goal．
5．survive vt．比……活得长 vi．活下来；幸存；残留
(1)survive＋n．(the fire/earthquake/accident...)从(火灾/地震/事故等) 中生还
survive on靠……维持生活；靠……存活下来
(2)survival n．幸存；[C]遗物；幸存物
survivor n．幸存者；死里逃生的人
INCLUDEPICTURE "．．/词块积累1．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
survive the earthquake 在地震中幸免于难
survive on such a low salary 靠这么低的工资维持生计
INCLUDEPICTURE "．．/词块积累3．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Human life is regarded as part of nature and，as such，the only way for us to survive(survive) is to live in harmony with nature．
②After the plane crash，what the survivors(survive) could do was to wait for rescue on this desert island．
[能力提升]——一句多译
如果他找不到森林出口，几乎就活不下来。
①If he couldn't find his way out of the forest，there would be little chance of survival．(survival)
②If he couldn't find his way out of the forest，he could hardly survive．(survive)
6．observe vt．观察；观测；遵守；庆祝
(1)observe sb．doing sth．看到某人正在做某事
observe sb．do sth．看到某人做了某事
observe sb．/sth．done看到某人/物被……
(2)observation n．观察
observatory n．天文台
observer n．观察者
INCLUDEPICTURE "．．/词块积累1．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
observe the behavior of every student观察每个同学的表现
observe a man enter the bank看到一个人走进了银行
observe him reading a novel看到他在读小说
INCLUDEPICTURE "．．/词块积累3．TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
[一词多义]——写出下列句中observe的含义
①We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made an impact on our lives in many ways．观察
②Rules should be worked out and strictly observed．遵守
[能力提升]——完成句子
我想要给你讲我们是如何过春节的。
I'd like to tell you something about how we observe/celebrate the Spring Festival．
7．reward n．& v．报答；报酬；奖金；酬劳；奖赏
(1)reward sb．with sth．用……奖赏某人
reward sb．for sth．/doing sth．因(做)某事奖励某人
(2)as a reward for...作为对……的报酬
in reward for 为报答；作为……的奖赏
(3)rewarding adj．值得做的；有益的
INCLUDEPICTURE "．．/词块积累1．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
be rewarded with a smile报以微笑
a reward for good behavior优秀行为奖
INCLUDEPICTURE "．．/词块积累3．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①The students have been working hard at their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded (reward) with success in the end．
②When asked for his views about his teaching job，Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding (reward)．
[能力提升]——一句多译
我给那个男孩一本字典作为他对我无私帮助的回报。
①I gave the boy a dictionary，rewarding him for his selfless help to me．(reward v．)
②I gave the boy a dictionary in reward for/as a reward for his selfless help to me．(reward n．)
INCLUDEPICTURE "．．/常考句型结构分析．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
1．There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one，but those days are over．
曾经一度人们可能会因为一个人要一张桌子感到尴尬，不过那个时代过去了。
[句型公式] There was a time when...“曾经一度……”，when引导定语从句。
本句型还有如下表达方式：
(1)There are/were times when...
(2)It is/was a time when...
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①It/There was a time when I was addicted to playing computer games．
②There was a time when I was always upset and easily got angry about some unimportant matters．
[能力提升]——完成句子
有一段日子我对一切与自然相关的东西都非常着迷。
There was a time when I became crazy about everything to do with nature．
2．If food waste were a country，it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world．
如果食物浪费是一个国家，那么它将是世界上第三大温室气体制造者。
[句型公式] 这是if引导的虚拟语气条件句型，这类句型多描述跟事实相反或者无法成为现实的条件，以及在此条件下可能产生的结果；时态多采用过去时、过去完成时、过去将来时、过去将来完成时等，或者特定情态动词等来表达对不同时间的假设。
(1)对将来情况的虚拟，表示与将来事实相反：
从句：If＋主语＋were to do或者If＋主语＋should＋do
主句：主语＋would/should/could/might＋do
(2)对现在情况的虚拟，表示与现在事实相反：
从句：If＋主语＋动词一般过去时(was/were/did)
主句：主语＋ would/should/could/might＋do
(3)对过去情况的虚拟，表示与过去事实相反：
从句：If＋主语＋had＋done
主句：主语＋would/should/could/might＋have done
(4)可以使用without/but for等替代if从句。
(5)if从句中可省略if，前置助动词，构成从句倒装结构。
[基础练习]
①If I were (be) you，I would reconsider their advice．
②You would not have caught a cold if you had put (put) on more clothes yesterday．
③If I were to / should do it，I would do it in a different way．
[能力提升]——一句多译
要不是你的帮助，我上周考试就过不了了。
①If you had not helped me，I wouldn't have passed the exam last week．
②But for/Without your help，I wouldn't have passed the exam last week．
③Had you not helped me，I wouldn't have passed the exam last week．
INCLUDEPICTURE "．．/提升关键能力．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
INCLUDEPICTURE "．．/夯基固本．TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空
1．The grain just rotted(rot) and all they could use it for was animal feed．
2．Medical advances(advance) make it possible for us to cure some diseases．
3．My English teacher asked us to choose (choose) a topic，make a weekly plan and tell the class about it．
4．The heart is not conquered by force，but by love and tolerance (tolerant)．
5．Lily observed a man slip(slip) into her neighbor's house．
Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词
1．After being awarded first prize，he expressed that he would continue to reward the people and the society with his hard work．
2．I'd appreciate it if you let me know whether you are available or not in advance．
3．Students sometimes support themselves by means of doing part time jobs．
4．I didn't know how you all manage to survive on your small salary．
5．The movie was based on a real life incident．And it turned out to be a success．
INCLUDEPICTURE "．．/强技提能．TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
完形填空
The 600 year old Forbidden City is the world's largest palace．It 1 more than 17 million 2 every year．If we were to travel back to the past，this huge palace would be a 3 to us with a lot remaining to be discovered．
It was when all 4 in Beijing were low except for the Forbidden City，which was surrounded by high 5 and a wide moat (护城河)．After 6 the golden roof (屋顶) from the outside，people could only 7 what it looked like inside．
Covering an area of 720，000 square meters in the heart of Beijing，the Forbidden City was built from 1406 to 1420 by the third emperor of the Ming Dynasty．In the past，the Forbidden City was where the highest 8 of the country lay．Emperors were born，lived and died there．Various 9 events happened there．It saw the ups and downs of the Ming and Qing dynasties，as well as how feudal monarchy (封建帝制) 10 came to an end in China．
The lives of the royal families were 11 in many documents (文件)．They 12 a large amount of valuable material for today's historical 13 ，as well as inspiration for literature and entertainment．
In 1987，the Forbidden City was 14 as a UNESCO World Heritage Site．For state leaders who visit China，it is a must see tourist 15 ．When they pay a state visit to China，our top leaders may show them around there．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了拥有600年历史的故宫的相关信息，它已被纳入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录。
1．A．relieves B．receives
C．guides D．sells
B [根据句意和后面的travel，说明此处表示“接待游客来旅游”，receive接待，故选B。]
2．A．visitors B．students
C．teachers D．citizens
A [根据上题，此处指游客，选A。]
3．A．dream B．hope
C．wonder D．mystery
D [根据空后的with a lot remaining to be discovered可知，mystery符合文意，故选D。]
4．A．museums B．rooms
C．buildings D．temples
C [根据句意，此处是指周围的建筑物和故宫相比都很低，故选C。]
5．A．towers B．walls
C．trees D．hills
B [此处指故宫被“城墙”环绕，故选B。]
6．A．looking at B．giving up
C．setting down D．jumping at
A [此处表示从外面“看”故宫的屋顶，故选A。]
7．A．tell B．think
C．imagine D．admire
C [因为看不到里面，所以只能“想象”里面的样子，故选C。]
8．A．altitude B．power
C．figure D．position
B [根据句意和下文的Emperors可知，此处表示最高“权力”，故选B。]
9．A．happy B．sad
C．historical D．national
C [故宫经历了明、清两个朝代，是国家最高权力的中心，再结合史实可知，此处表示许多“历史”事件发生在那里。故选C。]
10．A．finally B．quickly
C．gradually D．suddenly
A [根据句意，故宫见证了明、清两个朝代的兴衰，也见证了封建帝制如何在中国终结。 come to an end意为“结束”，此处指“最终”结束，故选A。]
11．A．recorded B．settled
C．connected D．copied
A [根据句意和下文in many documents，此处指“记录”历史，故选A。]
12．A．grasp B．ignore
C．write D．provide
D [根据句意以及和介词for搭配，此处表示“为……提供材料和灵感”，provide...for...为……提供……，故选D。]
13．A．background B．research
C．design D．survey
B [此处指现在的历史“研究”，故选B。]
14．A．treated B．remembered
C．listed D．honoured
C [此处表示“故宫被列为联合国教科文组织世界遗产地”，be listed as表示“被列为”，故选C。]
15．A．palace B．scenery
C．attraction D．place
C [tourist attraction意为“旅游景点”。故选C。]
INCLUDEPICTURE "．．/铸就核心价值．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
INCLUDEPICTURE "．．/话题写作．TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
INCLUDEPICTURE "．．/写作要点．TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT (根据汉语提示补全所给的英文句子)
①随着因特网的迅速发展，人们可以通过网络申请工作。
As the Internet develops rapidly，people can apply for jobs through the Internet．
②在某种程度上，电脑改变了我们的生活。
In a way，computers have changed our lives．
③人们用它们打字、发信号、解决各种问题，甚至探索月球。
People use them to type，signal，solve all kinds of problems and even explore the moon．
④很多新的问题出现了。
Many new problems have arisen．
⑤许多学生对电脑很着迷，他们在电脑上花费了太多的时间。
Many students become crazy about computers and they spend too much time on them．
⑥部分学生在考试中失败。
Some of the students fail in exams．
⑦但不管怎么说，电脑在我们的生活中起着很重要的作用。
Anyhow，computers play an important part in our lives．
INCLUDEPICTURE "．．/表达升级．TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT (改变所给句子的结构以使表达升级)
①用with短语改写句①
With the Internet developing rapidly，people can apply for jobs through the Internet．
②用“so...that...”句型改写句⑤
Many students become so crazy about computers that they spend too much time on them．
INCLUDEPICTURE "．．/衔接成文．TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT (利用恰当的过渡衔接词语连句成篇)
With the Internet developing rapidly，people can apply for jobs through the Internet．In a way，computers have changed our lives．People use them to type，signal，solve all kinds of problems and even explore the moon．However，many new problems have arisen．Many students become so crazy about computers that they spend too much time on them．As a result，some of the students fail in exams．Anyhow，computers play an important part in our lives．
INCLUDEPICTURE "．．/读后续写．TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
We put the raft in the calm，cold water．I looked down．The water was like a mirror．It was a foggy morning，so I could barely make out what was down the river．When we took our places in the raft，I was in the back with my dad right across from me．Our tour guide was telling us the basics of rafting，and it seemed she was patronizing us！I was terrified．Since I was in the back，I was sure I would be the one to fall out．But I have always been an optimist，so I thought it would turn out okay．
Then I looked up and saw a big，gray cloud．I looked down at the river，and it started to get louder and closer to us；soon raindrops pelted us．Once we moved out of the rain，the clouds faded away，and the sun was shining down on us for the rest of the day．As I looked around，I saw the monstrous，green trees standing over me．It was beautiful．
As we moved farther down the river，I heard the water flowing gracefully．When we moved deeper into the gorge，it got louder and louder．This was our first rapids．It seemed that we were approaching the rapids slowly，but we were at the top of the rapids in the blink of an eye．It felt like time frozen．I was so excited and nervous；I thought I was going to die．It was a bumpy ride down．Getting splashed with water，we raced up and down the rocks．There was not a patch of dry skin on us by the time we hit the bottom．
After we got through the rapids，I was so excited！Going down made me feel I could do anything．Our tour guide told us we were going to approach Category V rapids．It was more intense than the Category I rapids，and I got a little more nervous．It took us a little while to get to the rapids because we had to go down a long river．We were allowed to jump off the raft and swim down the river until we had to get back in．
注意：1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
About three minutes later，the Category V was coming．_________________
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After racing down all of the rapids，I was no longer scared．____________________________________________________________
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【参考范文】
About three minutes later，the Category V was coming．The raft raced down the rapids.Water was splashing on the rocks，letting out louder noise.Screaming all the way down，I saw white water all over.I was so nervous because there were five big solitary rocks sticking out.If a little careless，we might hit one and get turned upside down.In the blink of an eye，we turned around the last huge rock，entering a small calm ride.When we settled at the bottom，I wanted to go back up and do it all again.
After racing down all of the rapids，I was no longer scared．“What did you think about that Category V rapids？” my dad asked.“I was super nervous at first．But when we hit the bottom，I wanted to do it once more．” “Would you say you become more confident of yourself？” he continued．“Yes，I would say I become much more confident of myself．” I smiled．We walked towards our campsite．
