2024年中考 英语总复习 主题训练 历史、社会与文化（含解析）
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| 名称 | 2024年中考 英语总复习 主题训练 历史、社会与文化（含解析） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-02-02 16:01:50 | ||
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主题五 历史、社会与文化
(一)文化习俗与文化景观
一、完形填空(每小题1分，共10分)
了解中国文化
Jane is an English girl, and she is studying in China. Last month, she came to China for the first time. 思维拓展She was excited, although she didn't __1__ anything about Chinese culture. Here is a(n) __2__．
One day, Jane visited one of her Chinese __3__， Han Mei. She received a warm welcome. After she entered the house, Han Mei's mother __4__ a cup of tea to Jane. Every time when there was not enough __5__ in her cup, Mrs.Han would add some. 长难句/思维拓展Although Jane didn't want to drink water anymore, she didn't know how to refuse it in a proper way, because she thought it was __6__ to refuse Mrs.Han. She only __7__ one cup after another so that she had to go to the washroom once more.
It was time for lunch, and Mrs.Han made many delicious dishes. Jane thought the family was too __8__. But she didn't know how to __9__ them. In European countries like England, each person has one bowl of dish to eat, so Jane couldn't get used to this way.
思维拓展After that day, Jane tried to learn Chinese culture from friends __10__. Till now, she has learned a lot of things about Chinese culture. She feels happy for that.
1. A. decide B. agree C. like D. know
2. A. idea B. example C. suggestion D. action
3. A. teachers B. students C. friends D. doctors
4. A. lent B. allowed C. ordered D. offered
5. A. rice B. soup C. milk D. water
6. A. impolite B. funny C. kind D. impossible
7. A. solved B. increased C. accepted D. collected
8. A. friendly B. lively C. honest D. serious
9. A. take part in B. get along with C. catch up with D. take care of
10. A. luckily B. easily C. quietly D. patiently
【长难句分析】Although Jane didn't want to drink water anymore, she didn't know how to refuse it in a proper way, because she thought it was impolite to refuse Mrs.Han.析成分：本句为主从复合句。Although... anymore为Although引导的让步状语从句；because ...Mrs.Han为because引导的原因状语从句；在状语从句中，it ...Mrs.Han为省略了that的宾语从句，作thought的宾语。句意：虽然简不想再喝水了，但她不知道该如何以正确的方式拒绝，因为她认为拒绝韩太太是不礼貌的。
【语篇研读】What：讲述了英国女孩Jane来到中国后，通过学习逐渐了解中国文化的故事。Why：旨在引导学生了解并尊重中西方文化的差异，并能多角度看待中外文化。How：①文体特征：记叙文。②文章结构：本文故事线为：Jane初次到中国时的兴奋和她对中国文化的陌生→她在拜访中国朋友时对中国茶文化和饮食文化的不了解及尴尬情景→Jane通过学习逐渐了解了中国文化。
思维拓展
新考法 情绪变化 How did Jane's feelings change over time
A. Afraid→careful→angry. B. Happy→surprised→touched.
C. Excited→nervous→happy. D. Nervous→surprised→happy.
二、 阅读理解(每小题2分，共20分)
A
不同的文化习俗
跨文化交流·不同国家的文化习俗 When in Rome, do as the Romans do. As more and more people travel all over the world, it is important to know what to do in different countries and how to reply to the cultural differences. Here are some suggestions.Canadians·They are easy to get along with and will say hello even if they don't know each other. ·2题When men and women meet, women usually extend their hands first. ·If a woman doesn't want to shake hands, she can just nod and smile.·3题If a man wears gloves, he should take them off before shaking hands.Brazilians·They are very friendly and always get ready to say hello to each other.·3题They stand very close to each other when speaking. ·You should not move away if someone touches your arms or backs while speaking.·If you go to a business meeting, you are not expected to take a present.Indians·3题It is important to greet the eldest or the most senior person first. ·4题Men may shake hands with men, and women often also shake hands with women, but it is unusual that men and women shake hands.·Many Indians don't like to let others know their real thoughts.·Be on time to an Indian's home, and you do not have to bring a gift.
【语篇研读】What：介绍了加拿大、巴西以及印度三国在问候和送礼等方面不同的习俗。Why：旨在使学生明白跨文化交际的重要性，引导学生积极了解不同国家的文化习俗。How：①文体特征：应用文。②写作手法：文章采用小标题的形式使结构清晰；同时使用了举例的手法，如“They are easy to get along with ...”，“When men and women meet ...”，“They are very friendly...”来说明不同国家在文化习俗和礼仪方面的不同。
1. 新考法 写作手法 The saying in the first sentence is mentioned in this passage to ________．
A. give an example B. answer a question
C. introduce the topic D. express the idea
2. What does the underlined word “extend” mean in Chinese？
A. 举起 B. 伸出 C. 隐藏 D. 摊开
3. 新考法 信息匹配 Match the countries with the information and choose the right answer.
①India a. The men should take off gloves before shaking hands.
②Canada b. People stand very close to each other when speaking.
③Brazil c. Welcome the oldest first when meeting others.
A. ① c；② a；③ b B. ① b；② c；③ a
C. ① c；② b；③ a D. ① a；② c；③ b
【解题有策略】信息匹配：此类试题考查学生理解、分析语篇的能力。针对此类试题还可考查观点、地点等与对应信息的匹配，小标题与段落内容的匹配等。解题对策如下：Step 1：快速浏览选项，画出关键词。→a关键词为gloves，b关键词为stand very close，c关键词为oldest；Step 2：根据关键词寻读原文，找到与关键词相关的信息。→a定位至Canadians；b定位至Brazilians；c定位至Indians；Step 3：根据信息匹配选项，再结合备选项确定答案。→应为① c；② a；③ b。故选A。
4. What can we know about Indians according to the passage
A. It is easy for an Indian to say no.
B. Men and women in India hardly shake hands.
C. We can easily know what an Indian is thinking.
D. Bring a present when you are invited to an Indian's home.
5. 新考法 标题归纳 Which can be the best title for the passage
A. How to Greet People in Different Countries
B. Differences Between Japan and India
C. Gift giving Culture in Brazil
D. Different Cultures in Different Countries
【解题有策略】标题归纳：此类试题考查学生概括语篇的能力。针对此类试题，还可能考查根据段落大意归纳标题。解题对策如下：Step 1：阅读题干和选项。→此题考查学生对文章标题的归纳总结；Step 2：阅读文章，总结归纳文章的主旨。→根据文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了不同国家的文化习俗；Step 3：结合选项，选出答案。→根据Step 2并结合选项可知D项符合题意。故选D。
B
World Music Day is celebrated on June 21st every year. It is a day to enjoy music all over the world. World Music Day is a day for everyone to come together and enjoy the gift of music.
World Music Day originated from France in 1982. Since then, it has become an annual(一年一次的) celebration for the whole world's music. The idea for the day came from French Minister of Culture, Jack Lang. 1题The first World Music Day was a success, so it has been celebrated annually ever since.
__▲__ 2题、3题There are often free concerts and events being held on this day. People go to a concert where people are playing music from around the world. People like listening to different types of music because it can open their minds to new things. People can also watch a movie with music from different cultures and learn about different music styles from around the world.
4题It's a great opportunity(机会) to learn about different cultures and music styles. This is a great way to open our musical eyes and learn about music from different parts of the world that we might not usually hear about. We can let our creative sides come out and express ourselves through our favorite music. On the World Music Day, we can celebrate all the great things in life. It also gives us the opportunity to talk about world peace, spirituality, love and so on.
【语篇研读】What：介绍了世界音乐日。Why：旨在引导学生了解中外艺术成就，感知世界文化的魅力。How：①文体特征：说明文。②文章结构：总—分。第1段介绍了世界音乐日的基本信息；第2～4段分别介绍了音乐日的历史、庆祝方式及其意义。③语言特点：文章在介绍世界音乐日的庆祝活动时，使用了动词短语“listening to different types of music”和 “watch a movie with music”等来体现活动的多样性。
1. Why is World Music Day celebrated annually？
A. Because it's good for people's health.
B. Because most people enjoy taking part in it.
C. Because the first World Music Day was a success.
D. Because people from all over the world agreed to hold this activity.
2. The followings are all the ways to celebrate the World Music Day except ________．
A. holding free concerts and events
B. letting our creative sides come out
C. watching a movie with music from different cultures
D. going to a concert where people are playing music from around the world
3. 语篇逻辑 Which of the following sentences can be put in the “__▲__”？
A. World Music Day is celebrated in many different ways.
B. People can choose the music style that they are interested in.
C. There are many kinds of music styles on around the world.
D. People often want to learn new things on World Music Day.
4. What can we infer(推断) from the last paragraph
A. The music of the world should be mixed.
B. The development of music must be difficult.
C. Holding the World Music Day is meaningful.
D. Young people like music more than old people.
5. 文章主题 The theme(主题) of the passage is ________.
A. travel B. education C. health D. culture
三、 读写综合(本大题分为A、B两部分，共25分)
A.回答问题(每小题2分，共10分)
中华优秀传统文化·舞狮 The lion dance is a traditional Chinese dance that is often performed during the festivals, especially during the Chinese New Year celebrations. 1题It is said that the custom of the lion dance started more than 1，000 years ago. Now it's popular not only in China but also in many other countries.In Chinese culture, the lion is believed to be a powerful animal. It is a symbol of good luck. It 2题is usually performed by two people. The dancer at the front controls the head and the dancer at the back controls the body. The lion dance has developed two performance styles over time. They are the northern style and the southern style. 3题The northern lion is similar to the real lion. The lion's head is simple and the whole body is covered with golden hair. The southern lion is also known as the Xingshi. It is more powerful in shape and people pay more attention to body movements(动作) when dancing. 4题Both styles of the lion dance require high levels of skills to perform.Nowadays, young people are becoming more and more interested in traditional arts. They also play an important part in spreading Chinese culture. 5题I hope that more traditional Chinese cultures can go out to the world. The lion dance is one way we can do that.
【语篇研读】What：介绍了中国传统文化——舞狮。Why：旨在引导学生深入了解中华优秀传统文化，增强民族自豪感。How：①文体特征：说明文。②文章结构：总—分—总。第1段介绍了舞狮的起源和历史；第2～3段介绍了舞狮的表演形式和技巧；第4段介绍了年轻人在传播中国文化方面的作用。③写作手法：文章使用了打比方的手法，如狮子象征着好运；使用了举例的手法，以舞狮为例阐述了中华优秀传统文化是如何走向世界的。
1. When did the custom of the lion dance start
________________________________________________________________________
2. How many people usually perform the lion dance
________________________________________________________________________
3. Is the southern lion similar to the real lion in fact
________________________________________________________________________
4. What do the northern and southern lion dances require
________________________________________________________________________
5. What does the writer hope for at the end of the passage
________________________________________________________________________
B．书面表达(本题15分)
批注审题 (5定审题)
列提纲写句子
成篇章 (请运用合适的衔接词、过渡句，将上面的句子连成一篇作文，书写工整，语言流畅。)
【5定审题】①定主题：研学活动安排②定文体：应用文③定人称：第二人称为主④定时态：一般将来时和一般现在时⑤定要点：a.传统食物介绍；b.活动内容及安排。
Good evening, everyone. I am Li Hua, the chairman of the Students' Union.__________________________
(二)对世界、国家、人民和社会进步
有突出贡献的人物
一、 语法选择 (每小题1分，共10分)
The World Cup produces many football stars. Pelé， the Brazilian football superstar and __1__ only player in history to win three World Cups, died on Thursday, December 29, 2022.
Pelé was born in a __2__ city, and then he moved to the state of Sao Paulo when he was four. There he often kicked a paper ball around. __3__， when he was eleven, a local player brought him to the local __4__ club for the young. It didn't take a long time for him __5__ the senior(高水平的) group.
He __6__ to the world at 17 at the 1958 World Cup—the youngest player ever at the game. Pelé played 114 matches __7__ the Brazilian national team with a record of 95 goals(进球得分). He joined a team in North America in 1975. There, Pelé led __8__ team to the top.
__9__ he stopped playing football in 1977, Pelé spent time as an ambassador(大使). He also __10__ roles in movies and TV shows and sang in music bands.
1. A. a B. an C. the
2. A. small B. smaller C. the smallest
3. A. Luck B. Lucky C. Luckily
4. A. football B. football's C. footballs
5. A. join B. to join C. joining
6. A. introduces B. introduced C. was introduced
7. A. for B. of C. with
8. A. he B. his C. him
9. A. After B. Until C. If
10. A. play B. plays C. played
【语篇研读】What：介绍了巴西著名球星Pelé的生平。Why：旨在引导学生了解世界著名人物，树立远大理想并为之努力奋斗。How：①文体特征：说明文。②文章结构：总—分。第1段表达了对巴西著名球星Pelé离世的遗憾；第2～4段按照时间顺序介绍了Pelé的生平。③语言特点：文章使用了列数字的说明方法，如“Pelé played 114 matches ...with a record of 95 goals”，让读者更加深入地了解Pelé在足球领域的成就。
二、阅读理解(每小题2分，共10分)
Cars changed the world, but this Chinese man spent over 40 years changing cars. Under his leadership, China's electric car industry is growing rapidly. He is Chen Qingquan.
Chen Qingquan lived in Indonesia as a child. At that time, Chinese people lived a poor life. Chen realized that only by making his own country strong could the life of the Chinese people become better. 1题In 1953, at the age of 16, Chen Qingquan returned to China to receive his education at a university. He decided to study hard for China's industrialization(工业化). 2题In the 1970s, he developed China's first linear motor(直线电机), and then he went to Hong Kong to care for his elderly parents.
3题In the 1980s, Chen Qingquan made a prediction(预测) that electric cars would have a bright future through a lot of research. He hoped to help his country seize this chance to develop. So he changed the direction of his research.
4题Chen Qingquan creatively connected many technologies to form a new course. He also wrote a book which was studied by many college students. Chen Qingquan has won many international prizes. Now China has become an electric car kingdom. His dream came true. Today, 86 year old Chen Qingquan still pays attention to China's development. “I would like to see electric ships, high speed trains and planes, not just electric cars in the future，” he said at a ceremony.
China is leading green development in the world, and new energy is an important part of it. Chen Qingquan plays a great role, for he does not forget his deep love for the country. We teenagers should also make great efforts for our country like him.
【长难句分析】Chen realized that only by making his own country strong could the life of the Chinese people become better.析成分：本句为主从复合句。that only by making ... better为that引导的宾语从句，作realized的宾语；在宾语从句中，only by making his own country strong为only＋方式状语结构，此结构位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。句意：陈清泉意识到，只有让自己的国家强大，中国人民的生活才能变得更好。
【语篇研读】What：介绍了陈清泉报效国家的事迹。Why：旨在引导学生树立远大理想，成为对社会发展及进步有贡献的人。How：①文体特征：说明文。②文章结构：总—分—总。第1段引出主人公陈清泉；第2～4段介绍陈清泉深耕电动汽车行业的过程；第5段肯定陈清泉的贡献并鼓励青少年为国家的发展做出贡献。
1. When was Chen Qingquan born
A. In 1931. B. In 1937. C. In 1953. D. In 1980.
2. Why did Chen Qingquan go to Hong Kong in 1970s
A. To look after his parents. B. To develop China's first motor.
C. To invent the new cars. D. To finish his research about electric cars.
3. What does the underlined word “seize” probably mean
A. Lose. B. Throw. C. Catch. D. Bring.
4. How did Chen Qingquan create a new course
A. By doing lots of research. B. By taking his students' advice.
C. By connecting many technologies. D. By reading many useful books.
5. 新考法 主旨大意 What is the passage mainly about
A. The history of China's electric car industry.
B. The childhood of Chen Qingquan in Indonesia.
C. The importance of the green development in China.
D. The great role of Chen Qingquan in China's electric car industry.
三、短文填空(每小题1.5分，共15分)
请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空。注意每空一词，每词仅用一次。有两词为多余项。
科学家牛顿
nature become discovery he fall with later around interested light before what
Isaac Newton, a great scientist, is famous for his work on gravity(重力) and light.
Isaac was born in 1642 on a farm in a village. He lived with Grandmother 1. ________ he started to go to school. His mother wanted him to 2. ________ a farmer and looked after the family farm. However, Isaac expected differently.
Isaac moved to Cambridge in 1661 to go to the university. He began studying traditional ideas about 3. ________. These included the idea that the earth was the center of the universe(宇宙). However, Isaac soon became 4. ________ in the new ideas about science. He wanted to do research and explained the world 5. ________ him.
6. ________ many people in Cambridge became ill with the plague(瘟疫). So Isaac moved back to the countryside. He did lots of experiments at that time. Then he had some great 7.________.
In 1666, Isaac began experimenting with light. He found 8. ________ white light is made up of.
In l687, Isaac discovered gravity when an apple 9. ________ from a tree and landed on his head. He wrote his idea in 10. ________ book and mentioned “law of gravity” in it. And his work has a great influence on humans.
【语篇研读】What：讲述了牛顿进行科学探索的经历。Why：旨在引导学生追求自己的兴趣，培养热爱科学、探索科学的精神。How：①文体特征：记叙文。②写作手法：文章按照时间顺序讲述了牛顿探索科学的过程；采用了插叙的方式讲述了牛顿发现地心引力的故事，生动形象地说明了科学家独特的思维方式。③语言特点：文章中使用了“in 1661”和 “Later”等时间状语，使文章衔接更流畅。
四、回答问题(每小题2分，共10分)
On December 26, 1970, it is a day worth being celebrated. 1题China launched(使下水) its first nuclear submarine(核潜艇). It marked China has become the fifth country in the world to own nuclear submarines. All the people were excited, and among them, an old man cried with joy in the crowds. He was Huang Xuhua. Huang had a childhood dream of studying medicine and saving people. However, the war broke out in 1940. 2题Huang decided to study science to make his motherland stronger. In September 1945, Huang went to the National Jiaotong University to study ship building. In the late 1950s, China decided to develop its nuclear submarines on its own. 3题And Huang was chosen to be a member of the research team, which was an important turning point in his life. 4题Before the task, Huang returned to his hometown on New Year's Day of 1957. And then he never went back in the next 30 years. None of his family clearly knew what he had been doing for years. Huang and his team spent more than 30 years making breakthroughs(突破) in seven of the most important technologies and designing China's first nuclear submarine. 长难句/5题From his experience, we have learned if we want to achieve success, it may take a lot of effort. But as long as it's worthy, we shouldn't give up.
【长难句分析】 From his experience, we have learned if we want to achieve success, it may take a lot of effort.析成分：本句为主从复合句。if we want to...a lot of effort为省略了that的宾语从句，作have learned的宾语；在宾语从句中，if we want to achieve success为if引导的条件状语从句。句意：从他的经历中，我们学到了如果我们想取得成功，可能需要付出很多努力。
【语篇研读】What：讲述了中国核潜艇之父——黄旭华，及其为中国核潜艇事业付出毕生精力的故事。Why：旨在引导学生学习黄旭华坚持不懈的精神，为国家科技发展贡献自己的力量。How：①文体特征：记叙文。②写作手法：文章采用了倒叙的方式讲述了被誉为“核潜艇之父”的黄旭华为中国核潜艇事业做出的贡献，突出主题，增强了文章的生动性。③语言特点：文章使用了“decided to study science”，“went to the National Jiaotong University”，“decided to develop its nuclear submarines”等词句，体现了黄旭华为核潜艇事业毕生奋斗的精神。
1. How many countries had nuclear submarines before 1970
________________________________________________________________________
2. Why did Huang Xuhua study science instead of medicine in the end
________________________________________________________________________
3. What was the important turning point in Huang Xuhua's life
________________________________________________________________________
4. What did Huang do before he started the task of developing China's own nuclear submarines
________________________________________________________________________
5. 新考法 开放性设问 What can we learn from Huang Xuhua's story
________________________________________________________________________
(三)公共秩序与法律法规
一、完形填空(每小题1分，共10分)
遵守校规，安全在校
Recently, there were some students breaking the school rules. In order to __1__ the students' behavior(行为) and make students keep rules in mind, Class Five held a class meeting last week.
After the bell rang, their __2__ Mr.Wall came in. “Today we need to talk about the school rules，” Mr.Wall said seriously. “How much do you know about the school rules Let's take some __3__. What should you do when the class begins？”
“Pay attention and listen to you __4__，” said Peter. “Taking notes in class is also very important and so is reviewing. We should __5__ what we have learned after class，” he added. “Good！” said Mr. Wall.“What about other rules, Julia？”
“Don't run in the hallways，” Julia said. “No one wants to fall, slip(滑倒) down or have an accident.” “Good idea，” said Mr. Wall. “That's a piece of __6__ information to keep in mind. It is so important for our __7__. And others？”
“We should wear the school uniform(校服) and keep it __8__. When we have meals, we should eat up to save food，” Lima added.
“Great! Everyone talked about many of our rules. It's everyone's duty to keep our school in __9__. I believe you all will __10__ the rules，” said Mr.Wall. “And remember, if everyone follows them, we will stay safe.”
1. A. accept B. change C. notice D. learn
2. A. teacher B. friend C. classmate D. parent
3. A. actions B. photos C. examples D. notes
4. A. carefully B. simply C. clearly D. hardly
5. A. worry about B. go over C. work at D. give back
6. A. useful B. interesting C. popular D. special
7. A. health B. mind C. safety D. study
8. A. cool B. tidy C. wet D. dirty
9. A. ability B. danger C. secret D. order
10. A. follow B. break C. discuss D. know
【语篇研读】What：讲述了班会上，老师通过提问的方式让学生熟悉学校的规章制度并意识到其重要性的故事。Why：旨在使学生意识到校规的重要性，引导学生养成自觉遵守规则的良好习惯，形成规则意识。How：①文体特征：记叙文。②写作手法：文章在介绍完举行班会的原因后，以举例子的方式引出下文，如“take some examples”具体介绍了学校的各种规章制度。③语言特点：文章中使用了“keep rules in mind”和“follow the rules”引导学生遵守规则；使用了“It's important for sth.”和“It's one's duty to do sth.”等句型强调了遵守规则的重要性。
思维拓展
新考法 写作手法 How does the writer show the main idea of this passage
A. By telling a story. B. By listing numbers.
C. By asking and answering questions. D. By comparing with others.
读写积累
如果你想表达……很重要，可以用文中用法：...is very important→Taking notes in class is also very important and so is reviewing.
二、 阅读理解(每小题2分，共20分)
A
没有规则的世界
You may think rules are made to stop you from having fun, but what if we had no rules Nobody could tell you what to do ever again! That sounds great, doesn't it Well, let's see what it would be like to live in a world without rules.
A Strange Morning
When your clock goes off, you have no reason to hurry. You don't have to go to school. You could even eat cookies for breakfast! 1题In this new world, you will not have to brush your teeth. Of course, you may have a cavity(龋洞) the next time you see a dentist(牙医)．
A Community Out of Control
You love your new freedom to do whatever you want. Because there's no school, you step outside and decide to go to the playground. On the playground, rubbish is everywhere. As all government services are gone, nobody looks after the playground. 2题There are also no traffic laws, so there is no safe way to cross the street. Cars can be driven freely. Without crossing guards, there is no one to help you cross the street safely.
3题However, this version of our world is not real. Our government has made laws to keep us munity workers help keep everything in order. 4题Government groups make sure the air and water are clean and free from pollution.__▲__．
【语篇研读】What：介绍了作者幻想的无规则世界。Why：旨在引导学生正确认识制定规则的意义，在生活中遵守规则，养成守规则的意识。How：①文体特征：记叙文。②文章结构：总—分—总。第1段引出话题；第2～3段描述没有规则约束的具体场景；第4段回到现实生活，强调规则的重要性。③写作手法：文章先描述虚拟的、没有规则的恐怖世界，最后将读者拉回到有规则的现实生活中，虚实对比，形成心灵冲击，突出了规则的重要性。
1. Why do you have a cavity according to the passage？
A. Because you eat too much candy.
B. Because you don't have to brush your teeth.
C. Because you have no time to brush your teeth.
D. Because you eat too many cookies for breakfast.
2. What's the main use of traffic laws according to this passage
A. Helping find directions. B. Helping make sure safety.
C. Helping stop drunk driving. D. Helping drive freely.
3. What does the underlined word “version” in the last paragraph probably mean
A. Form. B. Promise. C. Solution. D. Suggestion.
4. 新考法 语篇逻辑 Which of the following can be put into __▲__？
A. It's everyone's duty to follow all the rules in daily life.
B. You'll be punished if you break any of the rules in life.
C. You'll be safe and happy with such useful rules and laws.
D. Without rules, the world would be a very dangerous place.
5. What can we learn from this passage？
A. It's important for us to follow the rules.
B. We may be safer if there are no traffic rules.
C. We won't get out of control if we live without rules.
D. If there were no rules in the world, we might be happier.
B
配对阅读。左栏是5个学生的基本情况，右栏是7个国家为保证学生安全提供的安全教育内容，请为学生匹配合适的国家安全教育。
1. Mary, a ten year old girl, lives near a river. So her parents are glad to hear that she knows more safety rules about drowning. 2. Zhang Ming, a middle school student, received the safety education in the school in March. 3. Lulu is a thin boy. There are a lot of students in his school. So he must be careful when walking among the students.4. Jack, a careless boy, studies in a middle school. His teacher always teaches them how to save themselves during an earthquake.5. Lucy, a lovely girl, wants to be a doctor. So she learns carefully whenever there are first aid courses and is ready to help others who are in need. A. 2题China: The National Day of Education on the Safety of Elementary and Middle School Students(全国中小学生安全教育日)The last Monday in March is for students to attend it at school. It helps students learn more about what they should do to keep themselves safe.B. Japan: Earthquake Drills(演习)At public schools in Japan, earthquake drills are held once a month. 4题They teach students safety tips during an earthquake.C. Australia: First aid(急救) Courses5题Most students in Australia take first aid courses at school. They learn basic first aid knowledge in class. The government is trying to make all the kids take such courses.D. The US: The Fire EscapeMost US school buildings have fire escapes(太平梯). A fire escape has platforms with stairs and ladders on each floor of a building. People can get to the fire escape through a fire exit door or a window.E. India: Safety Rules on Stampede(踩踏) A stampede is possible anywhere. 3题If you fall down in a moving crowd, cover your head with both hands. Lean(倾斜) to one side, make your body roll up and bend your legs.F. Korea: Sports Safety EducationSports injuries may happen while you are doing sports. Before playing sports, you should warm up for 15 to 30 minutes. In this way, you can avoid sports injuries well.G. 1题Thailand: Safety Rules on DrowningAfter falling into the water, keep calm. You should keep your mind clear. You should make the body float on the surface of the water to wait for others to save you.
【语篇研读】What：左栏是五个学生的基本情况，右栏介绍了七个国家在保证学生安全方面提供的安全教育内容。Why：旨在引导学生了解安全常识，树立安全意识。How：写作手法：文章采用了小标题列举的方式，分别介绍了不同国家的安全教育方式，让读者能够清晰地了解各个国家的安全教育情况；同时，左栏使用了一些具体的场景，如Mary住在河边、Lulu体型瘦小在学校里需要更加小心等，贴近学生生活，引起学生的阅读兴趣。
三、 读写综合(本大题分为A、B两部分，共25分)
A. 回答问题(2023杭州改编)(每小题2分，共10分)
Have you ever broken the rules of the road The answers are probably “yes”. 1题Every year, thousands of drivers become “offenders”(冒犯者)—they break the rules of the road. But what are the punishments for these offences In most countries, drivers have to pay a fine(罚款). But in the USA, Australia and some European countries, offenders also get points on their driving licenses(许可证). 2题After they get a certain number of points, they will lose the right to drive. Life is difficult when you can't drive. 3题So far, some states, in the USA have introduced a new way to avoid this—Traffic School. Offenders have a choice: They can get points on their licenses or they can do a course at Traffic School.Traffic Schools run “driver improvement courses”. They cost about $100 and take from four to twelve hours. 4题Most people do the course in a classroom, but in some states, drivers can do the course online. Drivers learn the rules of the road and they learn how to be better drivers. They can get points after passing a written examination.5题All in all, if we want to be responsible drivers, we should value our lives and the lives of others. Let us work together to make our roads safer and protect the lives of ourselves and others.
【语篇研读】What：主要介绍了部分司机因违反交通规则被扣分而不能开车，一些国家引进了交通学校来让司机重新学习并得分的举措。Why：旨在引导学生意识到遵守交通规则的重要性，做文明的公民。How：①文体特征：说明文。②文章结构：总—分—总。第1～2段介绍了违反交通规则的惩罚方式；第3～4段介绍了交通学校的引进；第5段总结全文，并强调了安全驾驶的重要性。③写作手法：文章开头通过设问的方式引出话题，第一段最后一句使用问句，引起读者思考违反交通规则的后果，激发读者的阅读兴趣。
1. What is “offenders” according to the passage
________________________________________________________________________
2. What will happen to “offenders” if they get a certain number of points
________________________________________________________________________
3. Who introduced the idea of Traffic School and put it into practice
________________________________________________________________________
4. Where do “offenders” attend the courses opened by Traffic School
________________________________________________________________________
5. How can we be responsible drivers according to the passage
________________________________________________________________________
B.书面表达(本题15分)
【命题角度】“规则”类作文考情如下：近2年全国真题：谈论规则的重要性，并谈谈如何做一名遵守规则的中学生(2022哈尔滨)。
批注审题 (5定审题)
列提纲写句子
成篇章 (请运用合适的衔接词， 过渡句， 将上面的句子连成一篇作文，书写工整，语言流畅。)
【5定审题】①定主题：遵守交通规则__②定人称：第二人称③定文体：说明文④定时态：一般现在时⑤定要点：a.__遵守交通规则的重要性；b.__遵守交通规则的建议；c.__号召人们遵守交通规则。
As is known to all, traffic rules are set to protect people. However, I find that many students break the traffic rules._____________________________________________________________
主题五 历史、社会与文化
(一)文化习俗与文化景观
一、【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Jane是一名在中国学习的英国交换生。由于她对中国文化了解得不够，在中国朋友韩梅家感到无所适从，倍觉尴尬。从那之后她一直向朋友学习中国文化，并且一直保持这种习惯。
1. D 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. D 6. A 7.C 8. A 9.B 10. D
【思维拓展】
C
二、A【主旨大意】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了加拿大、巴西以及印度三国在见面问候和接送礼物等不同的习俗。
1. C 2. B 3. A 4.B 5.D
B 【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了世界音乐日，它的庆祝方式包括听免费音乐会和观看不同文化的电影，以及学习演奏不同文化的音乐。这一节日也为人们提供了交流世界和平、精神寄托和爱等主题的机会。
1. C 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. D
三、A.【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国传统文化——舞狮的相关内容，呼吁人们要关注和弘扬中华优秀传统文化。
1. More than 1，000 years ago.
2. Two people.
3. No, it isn't.
4. High levels of skills.
5. More traditional Chinese cultures can go out to the world.
B．【批注审题】
①定主题：研学活动安排
②定文体：应用文
③定人称：第二人称为主
④定时态：一般将来时&一般现在时
⑤定要点：传统食物介绍； 活动内容及安排。
Good__evening,__everyone.__I__am__Li__Hua,__the__chairman__of__the__Students'__Union. I am very pleased to welcome you to the party.
Guangdong is a modern province. What's more, it is full of traditional culture and delicious food. People from all over the country like to come here to experience the delicious food, such as white cut chicken and ready to cook dishes.
There are some wonderful activities. You can enjoy Cantonese opera. It is very popular among the citizens of Guangdong. At the same time, you can experience kung fu. It has a long history. If you like, you can attend the lecture on Guangdong's history. It must be very interesting. I'm sure you will enjoy it and learn a lot about Guangdong.
I hope you'll enjoy your stay here!
(二)对世界、国家、人民和社会进步有突出贡献的人物
一、【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了巴西著名球星Pelé的生平。
1.C 2.A 3.C 4.A 5.B 6.C 7.A 8.B 9.A 10.C
二、【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了2022年感动中国十大人物之一的陈清泉报效国家的事迹。文章旨在引导我们为国家发展而努力学习。
1. B 2. A 3. C 4. C 5. D
三、【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了伟大的科学家牛顿的生活和工作。从小出生在农场的他没有按照他母亲的想法选择自己的职业，而是对自然非常感兴趣，他做了很多的实验并且有很多的发现，最后发现了“万有引力”定律。
1. before 2. become 3. nature 4. interested 5. around 6. Later 7. discoveries 8. what 9. fell 10. his
四、【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了“中国核潜艇之父”黄旭华为了中国的核潜艇事业付出了毕生精力的故事。
1. Four (countries)．/Four countries had nuclear submarines before 1970.
2. To make his motherland stronger./Because he wanted to study science to make his motherland stronger.
3. Being chosen to be a member of the nuclear submarine research team. / Huang was chosen to be a member of the nuclear submarine research team.
4. He returned to his hometown.
5. Work hard and never give up. / If we want to succeed, we should work hard and never give up./...
(三)公共秩序与法律法规
一、【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了在一次班会上老师通过提问的方式，让学生熟悉学校的规章制度及其重要性。文章旨在告诉我们身为学生，我们应该遵守校规。
1. B 2. A 3. C 4. A 5. B 6. A 7. C 8. B 9. D 10. A
【思维拓展】
C
二、A【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了作者假设的没有规则约束的世界。没有规则的世界并没有那么美好。旨在引导学生意识到规则的重要性。
1. B 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. A
B【主旨大意】本文是一篇应用文。文章左栏是五个学生的基本情况，右栏介绍了七个国家在学生安全教育方面提供的安全教育内容。
1. G 2. A 3. E 4. B 5. C
三、A.【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了为了避免司机因为记分而不能开车，美国的一些州引进了交通学校，来让司机重新学习并且消除分数。
1. People who break the rules of the road.
2. They will lose the right to drive.
3. Some states in the USA./Some states in the USA introduced the idea of Traffic School and put it into practice.
4. In a classroom or online./Offenders attend the courses opened by Traffic School in a classroom or online.
5. We should value our lives and the lives of others.
B．【批注审题】
①定主题：遵守交通规则
②定人称：第二人称
③定文体：说明文
④定时态：一般现在时
⑤定要点：遵守交通规则的重要性；遵守交通规则的建议；号召人们遵守交通规则。
【高分范文】
As__is__known__to__all,__traffic__rules__are__set__to__protect__people.__However,__I__find__that__many__students__break__the__traffic__rules. For example, some students didn't care about the traffic lights when crossing the road. What's worse, some kids like playing ball or chasing with other kids while walking on the road.
For this situation, here are some suggestions. If you want to go across the crossing, you must wait for until the green light is on. As long as you are going, you should pay attention to the road instead of doing other things. It's everyone's duty to learn more about traffic rules.
It's very important to keep the traffic rules in mind. Let's follow the traffic rules and protect ourselves!
(一)文化习俗与文化景观
一、完形填空(每小题1分，共10分)
了解中国文化
Jane is an English girl, and she is studying in China. Last month, she came to China for the first time. 思维拓展She was excited, although she didn't __1__ anything about Chinese culture. Here is a(n) __2__．
One day, Jane visited one of her Chinese __3__， Han Mei. She received a warm welcome. After she entered the house, Han Mei's mother __4__ a cup of tea to Jane. Every time when there was not enough __5__ in her cup, Mrs.Han would add some. 长难句/思维拓展Although Jane didn't want to drink water anymore, she didn't know how to refuse it in a proper way, because she thought it was __6__ to refuse Mrs.Han. She only __7__ one cup after another so that she had to go to the washroom once more.
It was time for lunch, and Mrs.Han made many delicious dishes. Jane thought the family was too __8__. But she didn't know how to __9__ them. In European countries like England, each person has one bowl of dish to eat, so Jane couldn't get used to this way.
思维拓展After that day, Jane tried to learn Chinese culture from friends __10__. Till now, she has learned a lot of things about Chinese culture. She feels happy for that.
1. A. decide B. agree C. like D. know
2. A. idea B. example C. suggestion D. action
3. A. teachers B. students C. friends D. doctors
4. A. lent B. allowed C. ordered D. offered
5. A. rice B. soup C. milk D. water
6. A. impolite B. funny C. kind D. impossible
7. A. solved B. increased C. accepted D. collected
8. A. friendly B. lively C. honest D. serious
9. A. take part in B. get along with C. catch up with D. take care of
10. A. luckily B. easily C. quietly D. patiently
【长难句分析】Although Jane didn't want to drink water anymore, she didn't know how to refuse it in a proper way, because she thought it was impolite to refuse Mrs.Han.析成分：本句为主从复合句。Although... anymore为Although引导的让步状语从句；because ...Mrs.Han为because引导的原因状语从句；在状语从句中，it ...Mrs.Han为省略了that的宾语从句，作thought的宾语。句意：虽然简不想再喝水了，但她不知道该如何以正确的方式拒绝，因为她认为拒绝韩太太是不礼貌的。
【语篇研读】What：讲述了英国女孩Jane来到中国后，通过学习逐渐了解中国文化的故事。Why：旨在引导学生了解并尊重中西方文化的差异，并能多角度看待中外文化。How：①文体特征：记叙文。②文章结构：本文故事线为：Jane初次到中国时的兴奋和她对中国文化的陌生→她在拜访中国朋友时对中国茶文化和饮食文化的不了解及尴尬情景→Jane通过学习逐渐了解了中国文化。
思维拓展
新考法 情绪变化 How did Jane's feelings change over time
A. Afraid→careful→angry. B. Happy→surprised→touched.
C. Excited→nervous→happy. D. Nervous→surprised→happy.
二、 阅读理解(每小题2分，共20分)
A
不同的文化习俗
跨文化交流·不同国家的文化习俗 When in Rome, do as the Romans do. As more and more people travel all over the world, it is important to know what to do in different countries and how to reply to the cultural differences. Here are some suggestions.Canadians·They are easy to get along with and will say hello even if they don't know each other. ·2题When men and women meet, women usually extend their hands first. ·If a woman doesn't want to shake hands, she can just nod and smile.·3题If a man wears gloves, he should take them off before shaking hands.Brazilians·They are very friendly and always get ready to say hello to each other.·3题They stand very close to each other when speaking. ·You should not move away if someone touches your arms or backs while speaking.·If you go to a business meeting, you are not expected to take a present.Indians·3题It is important to greet the eldest or the most senior person first. ·4题Men may shake hands with men, and women often also shake hands with women, but it is unusual that men and women shake hands.·Many Indians don't like to let others know their real thoughts.·Be on time to an Indian's home, and you do not have to bring a gift.
【语篇研读】What：介绍了加拿大、巴西以及印度三国在问候和送礼等方面不同的习俗。Why：旨在使学生明白跨文化交际的重要性，引导学生积极了解不同国家的文化习俗。How：①文体特征：应用文。②写作手法：文章采用小标题的形式使结构清晰；同时使用了举例的手法，如“They are easy to get along with ...”，“When men and women meet ...”，“They are very friendly...”来说明不同国家在文化习俗和礼仪方面的不同。
1. 新考法 写作手法 The saying in the first sentence is mentioned in this passage to ________．
A. give an example B. answer a question
C. introduce the topic D. express the idea
2. What does the underlined word “extend” mean in Chinese？
A. 举起 B. 伸出 C. 隐藏 D. 摊开
3. 新考法 信息匹配 Match the countries with the information and choose the right answer.
①India a. The men should take off gloves before shaking hands.
②Canada b. People stand very close to each other when speaking.
③Brazil c. Welcome the oldest first when meeting others.
A. ① c；② a；③ b B. ① b；② c；③ a
C. ① c；② b；③ a D. ① a；② c；③ b
【解题有策略】信息匹配：此类试题考查学生理解、分析语篇的能力。针对此类试题还可考查观点、地点等与对应信息的匹配，小标题与段落内容的匹配等。解题对策如下：Step 1：快速浏览选项，画出关键词。→a关键词为gloves，b关键词为stand very close，c关键词为oldest；Step 2：根据关键词寻读原文，找到与关键词相关的信息。→a定位至Canadians；b定位至Brazilians；c定位至Indians；Step 3：根据信息匹配选项，再结合备选项确定答案。→应为① c；② a；③ b。故选A。
4. What can we know about Indians according to the passage
A. It is easy for an Indian to say no.
B. Men and women in India hardly shake hands.
C. We can easily know what an Indian is thinking.
D. Bring a present when you are invited to an Indian's home.
5. 新考法 标题归纳 Which can be the best title for the passage
A. How to Greet People in Different Countries
B. Differences Between Japan and India
C. Gift giving Culture in Brazil
D. Different Cultures in Different Countries
【解题有策略】标题归纳：此类试题考查学生概括语篇的能力。针对此类试题，还可能考查根据段落大意归纳标题。解题对策如下：Step 1：阅读题干和选项。→此题考查学生对文章标题的归纳总结；Step 2：阅读文章，总结归纳文章的主旨。→根据文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了不同国家的文化习俗；Step 3：结合选项，选出答案。→根据Step 2并结合选项可知D项符合题意。故选D。
B
World Music Day is celebrated on June 21st every year. It is a day to enjoy music all over the world. World Music Day is a day for everyone to come together and enjoy the gift of music.
World Music Day originated from France in 1982. Since then, it has become an annual(一年一次的) celebration for the whole world's music. The idea for the day came from French Minister of Culture, Jack Lang. 1题The first World Music Day was a success, so it has been celebrated annually ever since.
__▲__ 2题、3题There are often free concerts and events being held on this day. People go to a concert where people are playing music from around the world. People like listening to different types of music because it can open their minds to new things. People can also watch a movie with music from different cultures and learn about different music styles from around the world.
4题It's a great opportunity(机会) to learn about different cultures and music styles. This is a great way to open our musical eyes and learn about music from different parts of the world that we might not usually hear about. We can let our creative sides come out and express ourselves through our favorite music. On the World Music Day, we can celebrate all the great things in life. It also gives us the opportunity to talk about world peace, spirituality, love and so on.
【语篇研读】What：介绍了世界音乐日。Why：旨在引导学生了解中外艺术成就，感知世界文化的魅力。How：①文体特征：说明文。②文章结构：总—分。第1段介绍了世界音乐日的基本信息；第2～4段分别介绍了音乐日的历史、庆祝方式及其意义。③语言特点：文章在介绍世界音乐日的庆祝活动时，使用了动词短语“listening to different types of music”和 “watch a movie with music”等来体现活动的多样性。
1. Why is World Music Day celebrated annually？
A. Because it's good for people's health.
B. Because most people enjoy taking part in it.
C. Because the first World Music Day was a success.
D. Because people from all over the world agreed to hold this activity.
2. The followings are all the ways to celebrate the World Music Day except ________．
A. holding free concerts and events
B. letting our creative sides come out
C. watching a movie with music from different cultures
D. going to a concert where people are playing music from around the world
3. 语篇逻辑 Which of the following sentences can be put in the “__▲__”？
A. World Music Day is celebrated in many different ways.
B. People can choose the music style that they are interested in.
C. There are many kinds of music styles on around the world.
D. People often want to learn new things on World Music Day.
4. What can we infer(推断) from the last paragraph
A. The music of the world should be mixed.
B. The development of music must be difficult.
C. Holding the World Music Day is meaningful.
D. Young people like music more than old people.
5. 文章主题 The theme(主题) of the passage is ________.
A. travel B. education C. health D. culture
三、 读写综合(本大题分为A、B两部分，共25分)
A.回答问题(每小题2分，共10分)
中华优秀传统文化·舞狮 The lion dance is a traditional Chinese dance that is often performed during the festivals, especially during the Chinese New Year celebrations. 1题It is said that the custom of the lion dance started more than 1，000 years ago. Now it's popular not only in China but also in many other countries.In Chinese culture, the lion is believed to be a powerful animal. It is a symbol of good luck. It 2题is usually performed by two people. The dancer at the front controls the head and the dancer at the back controls the body. The lion dance has developed two performance styles over time. They are the northern style and the southern style. 3题The northern lion is similar to the real lion. The lion's head is simple and the whole body is covered with golden hair. The southern lion is also known as the Xingshi. It is more powerful in shape and people pay more attention to body movements(动作) when dancing. 4题Both styles of the lion dance require high levels of skills to perform.Nowadays, young people are becoming more and more interested in traditional arts. They also play an important part in spreading Chinese culture. 5题I hope that more traditional Chinese cultures can go out to the world. The lion dance is one way we can do that.
【语篇研读】What：介绍了中国传统文化——舞狮。Why：旨在引导学生深入了解中华优秀传统文化，增强民族自豪感。How：①文体特征：说明文。②文章结构：总—分—总。第1段介绍了舞狮的起源和历史；第2～3段介绍了舞狮的表演形式和技巧；第4段介绍了年轻人在传播中国文化方面的作用。③写作手法：文章使用了打比方的手法，如狮子象征着好运；使用了举例的手法，以舞狮为例阐述了中华优秀传统文化是如何走向世界的。
1. When did the custom of the lion dance start
________________________________________________________________________
2. How many people usually perform the lion dance
________________________________________________________________________
3. Is the southern lion similar to the real lion in fact
________________________________________________________________________
4. What do the northern and southern lion dances require
________________________________________________________________________
5. What does the writer hope for at the end of the passage
________________________________________________________________________
B．书面表达(本题15分)
批注审题 (5定审题)
列提纲写句子
成篇章 (请运用合适的衔接词、过渡句，将上面的句子连成一篇作文，书写工整，语言流畅。)
【5定审题】①定主题：研学活动安排②定文体：应用文③定人称：第二人称为主④定时态：一般将来时和一般现在时⑤定要点：a.传统食物介绍；b.活动内容及安排。
Good evening, everyone. I am Li Hua, the chairman of the Students' Union.__________________________
(二)对世界、国家、人民和社会进步
有突出贡献的人物
一、 语法选择 (每小题1分，共10分)
The World Cup produces many football stars. Pelé， the Brazilian football superstar and __1__ only player in history to win three World Cups, died on Thursday, December 29, 2022.
Pelé was born in a __2__ city, and then he moved to the state of Sao Paulo when he was four. There he often kicked a paper ball around. __3__， when he was eleven, a local player brought him to the local __4__ club for the young. It didn't take a long time for him __5__ the senior(高水平的) group.
He __6__ to the world at 17 at the 1958 World Cup—the youngest player ever at the game. Pelé played 114 matches __7__ the Brazilian national team with a record of 95 goals(进球得分). He joined a team in North America in 1975. There, Pelé led __8__ team to the top.
__9__ he stopped playing football in 1977, Pelé spent time as an ambassador(大使). He also __10__ roles in movies and TV shows and sang in music bands.
1. A. a B. an C. the
2. A. small B. smaller C. the smallest
3. A. Luck B. Lucky C. Luckily
4. A. football B. football's C. footballs
5. A. join B. to join C. joining
6. A. introduces B. introduced C. was introduced
7. A. for B. of C. with
8. A. he B. his C. him
9. A. After B. Until C. If
10. A. play B. plays C. played
【语篇研读】What：介绍了巴西著名球星Pelé的生平。Why：旨在引导学生了解世界著名人物，树立远大理想并为之努力奋斗。How：①文体特征：说明文。②文章结构：总—分。第1段表达了对巴西著名球星Pelé离世的遗憾；第2～4段按照时间顺序介绍了Pelé的生平。③语言特点：文章使用了列数字的说明方法，如“Pelé played 114 matches ...with a record of 95 goals”，让读者更加深入地了解Pelé在足球领域的成就。
二、阅读理解(每小题2分，共10分)
Cars changed the world, but this Chinese man spent over 40 years changing cars. Under his leadership, China's electric car industry is growing rapidly. He is Chen Qingquan.
Chen Qingquan lived in Indonesia as a child. At that time, Chinese people lived a poor life. Chen realized that only by making his own country strong could the life of the Chinese people become better. 1题In 1953, at the age of 16, Chen Qingquan returned to China to receive his education at a university. He decided to study hard for China's industrialization(工业化). 2题In the 1970s, he developed China's first linear motor(直线电机), and then he went to Hong Kong to care for his elderly parents.
3题In the 1980s, Chen Qingquan made a prediction(预测) that electric cars would have a bright future through a lot of research. He hoped to help his country seize this chance to develop. So he changed the direction of his research.
4题Chen Qingquan creatively connected many technologies to form a new course. He also wrote a book which was studied by many college students. Chen Qingquan has won many international prizes. Now China has become an electric car kingdom. His dream came true. Today, 86 year old Chen Qingquan still pays attention to China's development. “I would like to see electric ships, high speed trains and planes, not just electric cars in the future，” he said at a ceremony.
China is leading green development in the world, and new energy is an important part of it. Chen Qingquan plays a great role, for he does not forget his deep love for the country. We teenagers should also make great efforts for our country like him.
【长难句分析】Chen realized that only by making his own country strong could the life of the Chinese people become better.析成分：本句为主从复合句。that only by making ... better为that引导的宾语从句，作realized的宾语；在宾语从句中，only by making his own country strong为only＋方式状语结构，此结构位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。句意：陈清泉意识到，只有让自己的国家强大，中国人民的生活才能变得更好。
【语篇研读】What：介绍了陈清泉报效国家的事迹。Why：旨在引导学生树立远大理想，成为对社会发展及进步有贡献的人。How：①文体特征：说明文。②文章结构：总—分—总。第1段引出主人公陈清泉；第2～4段介绍陈清泉深耕电动汽车行业的过程；第5段肯定陈清泉的贡献并鼓励青少年为国家的发展做出贡献。
1. When was Chen Qingquan born
A. In 1931. B. In 1937. C. In 1953. D. In 1980.
2. Why did Chen Qingquan go to Hong Kong in 1970s
A. To look after his parents. B. To develop China's first motor.
C. To invent the new cars. D. To finish his research about electric cars.
3. What does the underlined word “seize” probably mean
A. Lose. B. Throw. C. Catch. D. Bring.
4. How did Chen Qingquan create a new course
A. By doing lots of research. B. By taking his students' advice.
C. By connecting many technologies. D. By reading many useful books.
5. 新考法 主旨大意 What is the passage mainly about
A. The history of China's electric car industry.
B. The childhood of Chen Qingquan in Indonesia.
C. The importance of the green development in China.
D. The great role of Chen Qingquan in China's electric car industry.
三、短文填空(每小题1.5分，共15分)
请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空。注意每空一词，每词仅用一次。有两词为多余项。
科学家牛顿
nature become discovery he fall with later around interested light before what
Isaac Newton, a great scientist, is famous for his work on gravity(重力) and light.
Isaac was born in 1642 on a farm in a village. He lived with Grandmother 1. ________ he started to go to school. His mother wanted him to 2. ________ a farmer and looked after the family farm. However, Isaac expected differently.
Isaac moved to Cambridge in 1661 to go to the university. He began studying traditional ideas about 3. ________. These included the idea that the earth was the center of the universe(宇宙). However, Isaac soon became 4. ________ in the new ideas about science. He wanted to do research and explained the world 5. ________ him.
6. ________ many people in Cambridge became ill with the plague(瘟疫). So Isaac moved back to the countryside. He did lots of experiments at that time. Then he had some great 7.________.
In 1666, Isaac began experimenting with light. He found 8. ________ white light is made up of.
In l687, Isaac discovered gravity when an apple 9. ________ from a tree and landed on his head. He wrote his idea in 10. ________ book and mentioned “law of gravity” in it. And his work has a great influence on humans.
【语篇研读】What：讲述了牛顿进行科学探索的经历。Why：旨在引导学生追求自己的兴趣，培养热爱科学、探索科学的精神。How：①文体特征：记叙文。②写作手法：文章按照时间顺序讲述了牛顿探索科学的过程；采用了插叙的方式讲述了牛顿发现地心引力的故事，生动形象地说明了科学家独特的思维方式。③语言特点：文章中使用了“in 1661”和 “Later”等时间状语，使文章衔接更流畅。
四、回答问题(每小题2分，共10分)
On December 26, 1970, it is a day worth being celebrated. 1题China launched(使下水) its first nuclear submarine(核潜艇). It marked China has become the fifth country in the world to own nuclear submarines. All the people were excited, and among them, an old man cried with joy in the crowds. He was Huang Xuhua. Huang had a childhood dream of studying medicine and saving people. However, the war broke out in 1940. 2题Huang decided to study science to make his motherland stronger. In September 1945, Huang went to the National Jiaotong University to study ship building. In the late 1950s, China decided to develop its nuclear submarines on its own. 3题And Huang was chosen to be a member of the research team, which was an important turning point in his life. 4题Before the task, Huang returned to his hometown on New Year's Day of 1957. And then he never went back in the next 30 years. None of his family clearly knew what he had been doing for years. Huang and his team spent more than 30 years making breakthroughs(突破) in seven of the most important technologies and designing China's first nuclear submarine. 长难句/5题From his experience, we have learned if we want to achieve success, it may take a lot of effort. But as long as it's worthy, we shouldn't give up.
【长难句分析】 From his experience, we have learned if we want to achieve success, it may take a lot of effort.析成分：本句为主从复合句。if we want to...a lot of effort为省略了that的宾语从句，作have learned的宾语；在宾语从句中，if we want to achieve success为if引导的条件状语从句。句意：从他的经历中，我们学到了如果我们想取得成功，可能需要付出很多努力。
【语篇研读】What：讲述了中国核潜艇之父——黄旭华，及其为中国核潜艇事业付出毕生精力的故事。Why：旨在引导学生学习黄旭华坚持不懈的精神，为国家科技发展贡献自己的力量。How：①文体特征：记叙文。②写作手法：文章采用了倒叙的方式讲述了被誉为“核潜艇之父”的黄旭华为中国核潜艇事业做出的贡献，突出主题，增强了文章的生动性。③语言特点：文章使用了“decided to study science”，“went to the National Jiaotong University”，“decided to develop its nuclear submarines”等词句，体现了黄旭华为核潜艇事业毕生奋斗的精神。
1. How many countries had nuclear submarines before 1970
________________________________________________________________________
2. Why did Huang Xuhua study science instead of medicine in the end
________________________________________________________________________
3. What was the important turning point in Huang Xuhua's life
________________________________________________________________________
4. What did Huang do before he started the task of developing China's own nuclear submarines
________________________________________________________________________
5. 新考法 开放性设问 What can we learn from Huang Xuhua's story
________________________________________________________________________
(三)公共秩序与法律法规
一、完形填空(每小题1分，共10分)
遵守校规，安全在校
Recently, there were some students breaking the school rules. In order to __1__ the students' behavior(行为) and make students keep rules in mind, Class Five held a class meeting last week.
After the bell rang, their __2__ Mr.Wall came in. “Today we need to talk about the school rules，” Mr.Wall said seriously. “How much do you know about the school rules Let's take some __3__. What should you do when the class begins？”
“Pay attention and listen to you __4__，” said Peter. “Taking notes in class is also very important and so is reviewing. We should __5__ what we have learned after class，” he added. “Good！” said Mr. Wall.“What about other rules, Julia？”
“Don't run in the hallways，” Julia said. “No one wants to fall, slip(滑倒) down or have an accident.” “Good idea，” said Mr. Wall. “That's a piece of __6__ information to keep in mind. It is so important for our __7__. And others？”
“We should wear the school uniform(校服) and keep it __8__. When we have meals, we should eat up to save food，” Lima added.
“Great! Everyone talked about many of our rules. It's everyone's duty to keep our school in __9__. I believe you all will __10__ the rules，” said Mr.Wall. “And remember, if everyone follows them, we will stay safe.”
1. A. accept B. change C. notice D. learn
2. A. teacher B. friend C. classmate D. parent
3. A. actions B. photos C. examples D. notes
4. A. carefully B. simply C. clearly D. hardly
5. A. worry about B. go over C. work at D. give back
6. A. useful B. interesting C. popular D. special
7. A. health B. mind C. safety D. study
8. A. cool B. tidy C. wet D. dirty
9. A. ability B. danger C. secret D. order
10. A. follow B. break C. discuss D. know
【语篇研读】What：讲述了班会上，老师通过提问的方式让学生熟悉学校的规章制度并意识到其重要性的故事。Why：旨在使学生意识到校规的重要性，引导学生养成自觉遵守规则的良好习惯，形成规则意识。How：①文体特征：记叙文。②写作手法：文章在介绍完举行班会的原因后，以举例子的方式引出下文，如“take some examples”具体介绍了学校的各种规章制度。③语言特点：文章中使用了“keep rules in mind”和“follow the rules”引导学生遵守规则；使用了“It's important for sth.”和“It's one's duty to do sth.”等句型强调了遵守规则的重要性。
思维拓展
新考法 写作手法 How does the writer show the main idea of this passage
A. By telling a story. B. By listing numbers.
C. By asking and answering questions. D. By comparing with others.
读写积累
如果你想表达……很重要，可以用文中用法：...is very important→Taking notes in class is also very important and so is reviewing.
二、 阅读理解(每小题2分，共20分)
A
没有规则的世界
You may think rules are made to stop you from having fun, but what if we had no rules Nobody could tell you what to do ever again! That sounds great, doesn't it Well, let's see what it would be like to live in a world without rules.
A Strange Morning
When your clock goes off, you have no reason to hurry. You don't have to go to school. You could even eat cookies for breakfast! 1题In this new world, you will not have to brush your teeth. Of course, you may have a cavity(龋洞) the next time you see a dentist(牙医)．
A Community Out of Control
You love your new freedom to do whatever you want. Because there's no school, you step outside and decide to go to the playground. On the playground, rubbish is everywhere. As all government services are gone, nobody looks after the playground. 2题There are also no traffic laws, so there is no safe way to cross the street. Cars can be driven freely. Without crossing guards, there is no one to help you cross the street safely.
3题However, this version of our world is not real. Our government has made laws to keep us munity workers help keep everything in order. 4题Government groups make sure the air and water are clean and free from pollution.__▲__．
【语篇研读】What：介绍了作者幻想的无规则世界。Why：旨在引导学生正确认识制定规则的意义，在生活中遵守规则，养成守规则的意识。How：①文体特征：记叙文。②文章结构：总—分—总。第1段引出话题；第2～3段描述没有规则约束的具体场景；第4段回到现实生活，强调规则的重要性。③写作手法：文章先描述虚拟的、没有规则的恐怖世界，最后将读者拉回到有规则的现实生活中，虚实对比，形成心灵冲击，突出了规则的重要性。
1. Why do you have a cavity according to the passage？
A. Because you eat too much candy.
B. Because you don't have to brush your teeth.
C. Because you have no time to brush your teeth.
D. Because you eat too many cookies for breakfast.
2. What's the main use of traffic laws according to this passage
A. Helping find directions. B. Helping make sure safety.
C. Helping stop drunk driving. D. Helping drive freely.
3. What does the underlined word “version” in the last paragraph probably mean
A. Form. B. Promise. C. Solution. D. Suggestion.
4. 新考法 语篇逻辑 Which of the following can be put into __▲__？
A. It's everyone's duty to follow all the rules in daily life.
B. You'll be punished if you break any of the rules in life.
C. You'll be safe and happy with such useful rules and laws.
D. Without rules, the world would be a very dangerous place.
5. What can we learn from this passage？
A. It's important for us to follow the rules.
B. We may be safer if there are no traffic rules.
C. We won't get out of control if we live without rules.
D. If there were no rules in the world, we might be happier.
B
配对阅读。左栏是5个学生的基本情况，右栏是7个国家为保证学生安全提供的安全教育内容，请为学生匹配合适的国家安全教育。
1. Mary, a ten year old girl, lives near a river. So her parents are glad to hear that she knows more safety rules about drowning. 2. Zhang Ming, a middle school student, received the safety education in the school in March. 3. Lulu is a thin boy. There are a lot of students in his school. So he must be careful when walking among the students.4. Jack, a careless boy, studies in a middle school. His teacher always teaches them how to save themselves during an earthquake.5. Lucy, a lovely girl, wants to be a doctor. So she learns carefully whenever there are first aid courses and is ready to help others who are in need. A. 2题China: The National Day of Education on the Safety of Elementary and Middle School Students(全国中小学生安全教育日)The last Monday in March is for students to attend it at school. It helps students learn more about what they should do to keep themselves safe.B. Japan: Earthquake Drills(演习)At public schools in Japan, earthquake drills are held once a month. 4题They teach students safety tips during an earthquake.C. Australia: First aid(急救) Courses5题Most students in Australia take first aid courses at school. They learn basic first aid knowledge in class. The government is trying to make all the kids take such courses.D. The US: The Fire EscapeMost US school buildings have fire escapes(太平梯). A fire escape has platforms with stairs and ladders on each floor of a building. People can get to the fire escape through a fire exit door or a window.E. India: Safety Rules on Stampede(踩踏) A stampede is possible anywhere. 3题If you fall down in a moving crowd, cover your head with both hands. Lean(倾斜) to one side, make your body roll up and bend your legs.F. Korea: Sports Safety EducationSports injuries may happen while you are doing sports. Before playing sports, you should warm up for 15 to 30 minutes. In this way, you can avoid sports injuries well.G. 1题Thailand: Safety Rules on DrowningAfter falling into the water, keep calm. You should keep your mind clear. You should make the body float on the surface of the water to wait for others to save you.
【语篇研读】What：左栏是五个学生的基本情况，右栏介绍了七个国家在保证学生安全方面提供的安全教育内容。Why：旨在引导学生了解安全常识，树立安全意识。How：写作手法：文章采用了小标题列举的方式，分别介绍了不同国家的安全教育方式，让读者能够清晰地了解各个国家的安全教育情况；同时，左栏使用了一些具体的场景，如Mary住在河边、Lulu体型瘦小在学校里需要更加小心等，贴近学生生活，引起学生的阅读兴趣。
三、 读写综合(本大题分为A、B两部分，共25分)
A. 回答问题(2023杭州改编)(每小题2分，共10分)
Have you ever broken the rules of the road The answers are probably “yes”. 1题Every year, thousands of drivers become “offenders”(冒犯者)—they break the rules of the road. But what are the punishments for these offences In most countries, drivers have to pay a fine(罚款). But in the USA, Australia and some European countries, offenders also get points on their driving licenses(许可证). 2题After they get a certain number of points, they will lose the right to drive. Life is difficult when you can't drive. 3题So far, some states, in the USA have introduced a new way to avoid this—Traffic School. Offenders have a choice: They can get points on their licenses or they can do a course at Traffic School.Traffic Schools run “driver improvement courses”. They cost about $100 and take from four to twelve hours. 4题Most people do the course in a classroom, but in some states, drivers can do the course online. Drivers learn the rules of the road and they learn how to be better drivers. They can get points after passing a written examination.5题All in all, if we want to be responsible drivers, we should value our lives and the lives of others. Let us work together to make our roads safer and protect the lives of ourselves and others.
【语篇研读】What：主要介绍了部分司机因违反交通规则被扣分而不能开车，一些国家引进了交通学校来让司机重新学习并得分的举措。Why：旨在引导学生意识到遵守交通规则的重要性，做文明的公民。How：①文体特征：说明文。②文章结构：总—分—总。第1～2段介绍了违反交通规则的惩罚方式；第3～4段介绍了交通学校的引进；第5段总结全文，并强调了安全驾驶的重要性。③写作手法：文章开头通过设问的方式引出话题，第一段最后一句使用问句，引起读者思考违反交通规则的后果，激发读者的阅读兴趣。
1. What is “offenders” according to the passage
________________________________________________________________________
2. What will happen to “offenders” if they get a certain number of points
________________________________________________________________________
3. Who introduced the idea of Traffic School and put it into practice
________________________________________________________________________
4. Where do “offenders” attend the courses opened by Traffic School
________________________________________________________________________
5. How can we be responsible drivers according to the passage
________________________________________________________________________
B.书面表达(本题15分)
【命题角度】“规则”类作文考情如下：近2年全国真题：谈论规则的重要性，并谈谈如何做一名遵守规则的中学生(2022哈尔滨)。
批注审题 (5定审题)
列提纲写句子
成篇章 (请运用合适的衔接词， 过渡句， 将上面的句子连成一篇作文，书写工整，语言流畅。)
【5定审题】①定主题：遵守交通规则__②定人称：第二人称③定文体：说明文④定时态：一般现在时⑤定要点：a.__遵守交通规则的重要性；b.__遵守交通规则的建议；c.__号召人们遵守交通规则。
As is known to all, traffic rules are set to protect people. However, I find that many students break the traffic rules._____________________________________________________________
主题五 历史、社会与文化
(一)文化习俗与文化景观
一、【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Jane是一名在中国学习的英国交换生。由于她对中国文化了解得不够，在中国朋友韩梅家感到无所适从，倍觉尴尬。从那之后她一直向朋友学习中国文化，并且一直保持这种习惯。
1. D 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. D 6. A 7.C 8. A 9.B 10. D
【思维拓展】
C
二、A【主旨大意】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了加拿大、巴西以及印度三国在见面问候和接送礼物等不同的习俗。
1. C 2. B 3. A 4.B 5.D
B 【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了世界音乐日，它的庆祝方式包括听免费音乐会和观看不同文化的电影，以及学习演奏不同文化的音乐。这一节日也为人们提供了交流世界和平、精神寄托和爱等主题的机会。
1. C 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. D
三、A.【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国传统文化——舞狮的相关内容，呼吁人们要关注和弘扬中华优秀传统文化。
1. More than 1，000 years ago.
2. Two people.
3. No, it isn't.
4. High levels of skills.
5. More traditional Chinese cultures can go out to the world.
B．【批注审题】
①定主题：研学活动安排
②定文体：应用文
③定人称：第二人称为主
④定时态：一般将来时&一般现在时
⑤定要点：传统食物介绍； 活动内容及安排。
Good__evening,__everyone.__I__am__Li__Hua,__the__chairman__of__the__Students'__Union. I am very pleased to welcome you to the party.
Guangdong is a modern province. What's more, it is full of traditional culture and delicious food. People from all over the country like to come here to experience the delicious food, such as white cut chicken and ready to cook dishes.
There are some wonderful activities. You can enjoy Cantonese opera. It is very popular among the citizens of Guangdong. At the same time, you can experience kung fu. It has a long history. If you like, you can attend the lecture on Guangdong's history. It must be very interesting. I'm sure you will enjoy it and learn a lot about Guangdong.
I hope you'll enjoy your stay here!
(二)对世界、国家、人民和社会进步有突出贡献的人物
一、【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了巴西著名球星Pelé的生平。
1.C 2.A 3.C 4.A 5.B 6.C 7.A 8.B 9.A 10.C
二、【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了2022年感动中国十大人物之一的陈清泉报效国家的事迹。文章旨在引导我们为国家发展而努力学习。
1. B 2. A 3. C 4. C 5. D
三、【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了伟大的科学家牛顿的生活和工作。从小出生在农场的他没有按照他母亲的想法选择自己的职业，而是对自然非常感兴趣，他做了很多的实验并且有很多的发现，最后发现了“万有引力”定律。
1. before 2. become 3. nature 4. interested 5. around 6. Later 7. discoveries 8. what 9. fell 10. his
四、【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了“中国核潜艇之父”黄旭华为了中国的核潜艇事业付出了毕生精力的故事。
1. Four (countries)．/Four countries had nuclear submarines before 1970.
2. To make his motherland stronger./Because he wanted to study science to make his motherland stronger.
3. Being chosen to be a member of the nuclear submarine research team. / Huang was chosen to be a member of the nuclear submarine research team.
4. He returned to his hometown.
5. Work hard and never give up. / If we want to succeed, we should work hard and never give up./...
(三)公共秩序与法律法规
一、【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了在一次班会上老师通过提问的方式，让学生熟悉学校的规章制度及其重要性。文章旨在告诉我们身为学生，我们应该遵守校规。
1. B 2. A 3. C 4. A 5. B 6. A 7. C 8. B 9. D 10. A
【思维拓展】
C
二、A【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了作者假设的没有规则约束的世界。没有规则的世界并没有那么美好。旨在引导学生意识到规则的重要性。
1. B 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. A
B【主旨大意】本文是一篇应用文。文章左栏是五个学生的基本情况，右栏介绍了七个国家在学生安全教育方面提供的安全教育内容。
1. G 2. A 3. E 4. B 5. C
三、A.【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了为了避免司机因为记分而不能开车，美国的一些州引进了交通学校，来让司机重新学习并且消除分数。
1. People who break the rules of the road.
2. They will lose the right to drive.
3. Some states in the USA./Some states in the USA introduced the idea of Traffic School and put it into practice.
4. In a classroom or online./Offenders attend the courses opened by Traffic School in a classroom or online.
5. We should value our lives and the lives of others.
B．【批注审题】
①定主题：遵守交通规则
②定人称：第二人称
③定文体：说明文
④定时态：一般现在时
⑤定要点：遵守交通规则的重要性；遵守交通规则的建议；号召人们遵守交通规则。
【高分范文】
As__is__known__to__all,__traffic__rules__are__set__to__protect__people.__However,__I__find__that__many__students__break__the__traffic__rules. For example, some students didn't care about the traffic lights when crossing the road. What's worse, some kids like playing ball or chasing with other kids while walking on the road.
For this situation, here are some suggestions. If you want to go across the crossing, you must wait for until the green light is on. As long as you are going, you should pay attention to the road instead of doing other things. It's everyone's duty to learn more about traffic rules.
It's very important to keep the traffic rules in mind. Let's follow the traffic rules and protect ourselves!