9B U4 Life on Mars
Reading:Life on another planet Key points
10.be sure+宾语从句
[教材原句] Moreover,scientists are not sure whether plants could grow on Mars. 此外,科学家还不确定植物能否在火星上生长。
[考点精析] be sure+宾语从句 确信…… sure adj.确信,确定的;有把握
[联想拓展] ▲①be sure to do sth. 一定/肯定会做某事
注意: be sure to do sth. 务必要,一定要,用于祈使句时,不表示判断,而表示对对方的要求,
▲②be sure of/about… 确信……,对……有把握
[复习回顾—be sure—9A U8 reading ]
[教材原句] We're not sure whether this made him any enemies. 我们不确定这是否让他树敌。
[复习回顾—be sure—8B U2] be sure 确信
[教材原句] I'm sure you'll love them. 我相信你们会喜欢它们的。
[考点精析] be sure 确信
▲①sb. be sure + (that) 从句 确信一定会...
主语必须是人,表示主句主语对宾语从句中涉及的事物所做出的判断,其中that可以省略。
★I'm sure (that) Lily can pass the exam. 我确信莉莉能通过考试。
▲②sb. be not sure + whether/where/ when/who等引导的名词性从句
be sure后面还可以接由 whether, where, when或who等引导的名词性从句,这时主句通常是否定形式。
★My sister is not sure whether my uncle can come here on time. 我的妹妹不确定我的叔叔是否能够按时来这儿。
[联想拓展] ◆be sure of/ about (doing) sth. 确信.....;对.....有把握/有信心 ,后可接名词、代词或动名词,主语必须是人。
◆be sure(not) to do sth. 一定/肯定/务必(不)会做某事 ,表示说话人的推测,主语可以是人,也可以是物。
◆make sure of/ about 确定,确保 ,一般后面跟名词或者动名词词组。
◆make sure 确保,务必 ,其后可以跟从句。
[复习回顾—sure—8B U4] sure adj. 确信;有把握;一定,必然 →(反义词)unsure adj. 不确定,没把握
[复习回顾—I'm not sure...—7A U7] I'm not sure... 我不确定.....
[复习回顾—I'm not sure...—9A U2] I'm not sure... 我不确定.....
[教材原句] And I'm not sure if blue looks good on you. 而且我不确定你穿蓝色是否好看。
[考点精析] sure adj. 确信;有把握;一定,必然 →(反义词)unsure adj. 不确定,没把握
◆be sure of /about (doing) sth. 确信.....;对......有把握,主语是人,主语感到确信;有把握
◆for sure 肯定地;毫无疑问
◆make sure of/about (doing) sth. 查明/确保(做)某事
◆make sure that... 查明.....;确保......;肯定;对......有把握 [注意]当 sure前面有否定词时,that应换为 whether 或if。
◆make sure(not) do sth. 确保(不)做某事
◆be sure to do sth. 务必要做某事;一定要做某事(祈使句表示说话人的要求)
◆sb. is sure to do sth. 某人必然/肯定会做某事(主语是人/物,主语是第三人称时,表示的内容是说话人的一种判断)
[联想拓展—be sure to do sth. ] be sure to do sth. 用法有两种情况:
▲①be sure to do sth. 务必要做某事;一定要做某事,用在祈使句中,表示说话人的要求。
★Be sure to come here on time tomorrow. 明天一定准时来这儿。
▲②sb. is sure to do sth. 某人必然/肯定会做某事,
当其主语是第三人称时,所表示的内容是说话人的一种判断,认为主语“必然、肯定”会做某事。
★Mike is sure to succeed. 迈克一定会成功。
[联想拓展—sure adv. ] sure adv. (口)当然,好的 = certainly/of course
[复习回顾—make sure—8A U4—8B U2] make sure 确信,确保,设法保证;查明,弄清楚
[考点精析] make sure 确信,确保 ,后接动词不定式、of介词短语或that从句作宾语。
◆make sure to do sth. 确保做某事
◆make sure of/about (doing) sth. 确定/确认/确保(做)某事 ,一般后面跟名词或者动名词词组。
◆make sure that从句 确认......
[复习回顾—Sure.—7A U3] sure adv. (口)当然,好的;当然可以 = certainly/of course
▲当对方提出请求、建议或询问能否做某事时,
肯定回答常用:★Sure./Certainly./Of course./Sure,I’d love to. 当然可以,没问题;的确/当然,我很愿意。
★OK./Yes./All right. 行;可以
[复习回顾—unsure—9B U3 reading ]
[教材原句] If you want to go out,my robot will help you find your coat—you are always unsure where you could find your clothes.
如果你想出去,我的机器人会帮你找到外套——你总是不确定在哪里能找到衣服。
[考点精析] unsure adj.不确定,没把握 →(反义词)sure adj.确定,有把握
unsure作形容词,它是由否定前缀un-加sure(确定的,有把握的)构成的,在句中作表语。
▲be unsure of/about(doing)sth. 对(做)某事没有把握
▲be unsure+从句 不确定……
★He is unsure if he can pass the exam. 他不确定能否通过考试。
11.taste
[教材原句] Food would most probably be in the form of pills and would not be so tasty.
食物很可能会以药片的形式存在,而且味道没那么可口。
[考点精析] tasty = delicious adj.味道好的
▲①taste linking v. 尝起来,有……味道 ,后接形容词作表语,有时可接介词like。
▲②taste vt. 尝,品(味道)
▲③taste n. 味道;味觉;鉴赏力,爱好 ◆a sweet taste 甜味
[联想拓展] 常用的系动词:
sound 听起来; look 看起来;feel 摸起来,感觉;smell 闻起来;taste 尝起来;
get/turn 变得; become/be 成为; keep/stay 保持;seem 似乎。
【中考重要考点——感官动词辨析】
易混词汇 含义 常用搭配
look◆ 看起来(视觉) look young/smart/tired/energetic 看起来年轻/有精神/累/精力充沛
sound◆ 听起来(听觉) sound wonderful/great 听起来很美妙/棒
smell 闻起来(嗅觉) smell nice/ sweet 闻起来很好/香甜
feel 摸起来/感觉起来(触觉) feel soft/smooth/comfortable 感觉柔软/光滑/舒服
taste 尝起来(味觉) taste delicious/nice/ salty/sweet 尝起来美味/不错/很咸/很甜
12.problem
[教材原句] Gravity could be another problem. 重力可能是另一个问题。
[考点精析] problem [C] n. 问题;困难
▲have problems with (doing) sth. 在……(方面)有困难
▲have problems/trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难
◆solve the problem 解决问题 ◆deal with the problem 处理问题 ◆no problem 没问题
[常考辨析] problem与question
易混词汇 含义及用法 常见搭配
problem 通常指需要“解决”的问题,尤指疑难问题,也指数学或物理上的难题 ◆solve the problem 解决问题
question 通常指需要“解答”的问题,尤指“疑问”,表示提问或待解答的问题 ◆answer questions 回答问题
◆ask questions 提出问题 ◆answer questions 回答问题
13.分数的表达法
[教材原句] The gravity on Mars is only about three-eighths of that on the Earth. 火星上的重力大约只有地球上的八分之三。 [考点精析] 分数的表达法
在英语中,表示分数的方法是:分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子和分母之间可用连字符连接。
分子是1时,用作分母的序数词用单数;分子大于1时,用作分母的序数词要用复数。
◆one-third 1/3 ◆one-fourth 1/4
◆two-thirds 2/3 ◆three-fourths 3/4
[联想拓展]“分数/百分数+of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的形式与of之后的名词在数上保持一致。
★Two-fifths of the students in our class are boys. 我们班里五分之二的学生是男孩。
★Over 70 percent of the Earth's surface is covered with water. 超过百分之七十的地球表面被水覆盖。
14.that 作代词的用法
[教材原句] The gravity on Mars is only about three-eighths of that on the Earth. 火星上的重力大约只有地球上的八分之三。 [考点精析] that 作代词的用法
▲①句中的that指代前面的The gravity。在进行比较时,我们常用that/those指代句中同类或相同的那一部分。
▲②通常that用于指代可数名词单数或不可数名词,those用于指代可数名词复数。
[解题技巧]含有比较级的句型中用that代替同类比较的可数名词单数或不可数名词,用those代替同类比较的可数名词复数,
15.design
[教材原句] People would have to wear boots that are specially designed to prevent themselves from floating off into space.
人们将不得不穿着专门设计的靴子,以防止自己飘浮到太空中。
[考点精析] design vt.设计,其后常接名词或代词作宾语,
design vt.设计,构思 [7B U2 task ] n.设计,布局 →designer [C] n. 设计师
▲design sth.for sb. 为某人设计某物 ◆design clothes for the company 为公司设计服装
◆an excellent design 布局很好 ◆a famous fashion designer 一位著名的时装设计师
16.prevent sb.from doing sth.
[教材原句] People would have to wear boots that are specially designed to prevent themselves from floating off into space.
人们将不得不穿着专门设计的靴子,以防止自己飘浮到太空中。
[考点精析] prevent sb.from doing sth. 防止/阻止某人做某事
表示:阻止某人做某事 ,一般情况下可以通用。
▲stop sb.(from)doing sth.(from可省略)
▲prevent sb.(from)doing sth.(from可省略)
▲keep sb.from doing sth.(from不可省略)
[注意] 在被动语态中三个词组中的from都不能省略。
pared with
[教材原句] Compared with life on the Earth,life on Mars would be better in some ways.
与地球上的生活相比,火星上的生活在某些方面要好些。
[考点精析] compare v.比较
▲compared with 与……相比(在句中常作状语)
▲compare…with…◆ 把……与……相比
▲compare…to… 把......与......相比;把......比作......
[常考辨析] compare…with… 和 compare…to…
易混词汇 词性及含义 用法
compare…with…◆ 把……与……相比 常表示同类相比,比较
compare…to… 把......与......相比;把......比作...... 常表示异类相比,比喻
18.in some ways
[教材原句] Compared with life on the Earth,life on Mars would be better in some ways.
与地球上的生活相比,火星上的生活在某些方面要好些。
[考点精析] in some ways 在某些方面,在句中作状语。
[复习回顾—on one's way back—9B U1 Comic ]
[教材原句] Wake me up on your way back. 在你返回的路上叫醒我。
[考点精析] on one's way back 在某人返回的路上/途中
▲①on one's way back +介词to+地点名词 在某人返回……的路上/途中
▲②on one's way back here/there/home/abroad 在某人返回这里/那里/家/国外的路上/途中
当其后跟地点副词here、there、home、abroad等时,则不加介词to。
[联想拓展][中考考点] way 的相关短语:
◆on one’s/the way to... 在......路上 [7B U5 ]
◆by the way 顺便问一下,顺便说说 [7B U7]
◆lose one’s way 迷路 [7B U7]
◆no way <口>不可能;决不 [8A U5 ]
◆find one's way out 找到出路 [8A U8 ]
◆in some ways 在某种程度上/在某些方面 [8B U1]
◆in one's way 挡住某人的路 [8B U5] ◆in the/sb.'s way 妨碍,挡着某人的路
◆all the way = always 一路上;自始至终
◆in a/one way 在某种程度上
◆in a…way 用……的方式
◆in many ways 用许多种方式
★No way. 没门。
19.connect
[教材原句] Every student would have a computer at home connected to an interplanetary network.
每个学生家里都有一台电脑与星际网络连接。
[考点精析] connect v.连接 →connection n.连接;联系,关联
▲connect…to/with… = connect…and… 将……与……连接起来;把……连接到……上
注意:当connect表示“与……有联系”时,后面只能用with而不能用to。
▲There was nothing to connect sb. with sth. 某人与某事毫无关联
[单选常考混淆辨析]
A.connect…to… 把……和……连接起来 B.translate…into.… 把……翻译成……
C.compare...with.… 把……和……作比较 D.separate…from… 把……和……分开
20.as well as
[教材原句] Life on Mars would be interesting as well as challenging. 火星上的生活不仅有挑战性,还很有趣。
[考点精析] as well as 不但……而且……
▲①as well as常用来连接两个并列成分(如名词、形容词、代词等),强调as well as之前的成分。
▲②as well as连接两个并列成分作主语时,谓语动词应与其前的成分在人称和数上保持一致。
[联想拓展] as well as 和……一样好,前一个as为副词,后一个as为连词或介词。
[单选常考混淆辨析]
A.as well as 不但……而且…… B.as good as 像……一样好 C.as long as 像……一样长;只要 D.as far as远至
[复习回顾—as…as…—9A U1 grammar ]
[教材原句] It's said that the air is not clean here,but Ido not think the pollution is as serious as I imagined.
据说这里的空气不干净,但我认为污染没有我想象的那样严重。
[考点精析] as…as… 与……一样……
▲①as…as…可用于同级之间的比较,◆as+形容词或副词的原级+as
其中,第一个as为副词,其后通常接形容词或副词的原级,第二个as可用作介词(后接名词/代词)或连词(后接从句)。
▲②as…as…中间是名词时,名词前可以使用限定词much/many表示数量。
★You've made as many mistakes as I have. 你已经犯了和我一样多的错误。
▲③as…as…中间是可数名词单数,且该名词被形容词修饰时,不定冠词a/an应位于形容词与名词之间,
◆as+形容词+不定冠词+可数名词单数+as
★She is as good a teacher as her father. 她和她爸爸一样是个好老师。
[联想拓展] as…as…的否定形式是not as/so…as…,
“not as/so+形容词/副词原级+as…”结构可以与比较级句型进行转换。
★This mountain is not as/so high as that one. = This mountain is lower than that one. 这座山没有那座山高。
[复习回顾—as soon as possible ]
[教材原句] Try to get out as soon as possible. 努力尽可能快地出去。
[考点精析] as +形容词或副词原级+ as possible 尽可能..... = as...as one can/could
as +形容词或副词原级+ as possible 可以与as...as one can/could 互换,sb. 与句中的主语保持一致。
◆as soon as possible 尽可能快地 ◆as often as possible 尽可能经常地