2023-2024学年秋季学期高一年级第一次段考
英语试题
2023.10
本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分，共7页，满分150分，考试用时120分钟。
注意事项：
1、答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名和学号填写在答题卡密封线内相应的位置上，用2B铅笔将自己的学号填涂在答题卡上。
2、选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑;如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案;不能答在试卷上。
3、非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔在答题卡上作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内的相应位置上，超出指定区域的答案无效;如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。
4、考生必须保持答题卡的整洁和平整。
第一部分 基础知识(共30分)
一、单选题(本大题共20小题，每小题15分，共30分)
1. Which of the following words is created the same way as sunflower!
A. homework B. winner C. untidy D. musician
2. I wonder if she ________ us tomorrow, but I think if she ________ us, we will be able to complete the task ahead of time.
A. helps; helps B. will help; has helped
C. helps; will help D. will help; helps
3 Her ________ face suggested that she was ________ by some ________ things .
A. frightening, frightened, frightening
B. frightened, frightened, frightening
C. frightening, frightening, frightening
D. frightening, frightened, frightened
4. We ________ each other for about twenty years since we left Japan.
A. didn’t see B. don’t meet C. haven’t seen D. hadn’t seen
5. The sports meeting is _____. We are doing what we can to prepare for it.
A. in the way B. drawing
C this way D. approaching
6. Between the two rows of trees ________ the teaching building.
A. stands B. stand C. standing D. having stood
7. ________for the NBA in 2009, Stephen joined the Golden State Warriors.
A. Selected B. To select
C. Having selected D. Selecting
8. The old man stood there with his eyes ______ on the picture.
A. to focus B. focusing C. focused D. focus
9. He was extremely ______ to survive in the terrible fire.
A. fortunate B. comfortable C. confident D. scared
10. Next after coffee, Americans are ________ to drink cola drinks, such as Coke or Pepsi, or other soft drinks.
A. possible B. likely C. probable D. as well
11. We cannot always ________ the traditional rules handed down to us from the past.
A. build B. observe C. create D. forgive
12. I’ve just _______ an old friend in the park while taking a walk with my parents.
A. come out B. come about C. come across D. come over
13. The reason ________ Tom failed in the exam was ______ he didn’t work hard.
A. why; that B. that; why C. why; because D. for which; because
14. The retired worker likes getting up early. The air in the morning is good .
A. to be breathed B. to breathe
C. breathing D. being breathed
15. I have lost my wallet. I ________ it somewhere just now.
A. must drop B. must have been dropped
C. must have dropped D. should have dropped
16. The Universal Studio Resort, ________ seven theme lands, can offer its visitors ______ fun experience.
A. consisted of; a variety of B. consisting of; varieties of
C comprising; various D. comprised of; various of
17. ---Have you heard that Ben and Bill had a fight yesterday
---Yes. Now they don’t say a single word to each other. It seems as if they ______ each other before.
A. didn’t know B. don’t know C. have never known D. had never known
18. It can be hard for you to imagine what trouble I have had _______ the problems _______ in the meeting held last week.
A. to deal with; refer to B. dealing with; referring to
C. dealing with; referred to D. to deal with; referred to
19. Not only ______, but also he kept it.
A. has he made a promise B. he made a promise
C did he make a promise D. he had made a promise
20. ________ the wealth of the country increasing, more waste will be produced.
A. As B. With C. Because D. For
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，本题共25小题，每小题2分，共50分)
第一节 阅读理解(15小题，每小题2分，共30分)
A
This Is the Way Learning Center
The staff, parents and children enrolled (招收) at This Is the Way Learning Center are one big family. We take the health and safety of our family very seriously. This Is the Way Learning Center is committed to maintaining a safe environment for your children. We are following all safety rules. Should you have any questions regarding the processes in place please call our center. We will be happy to answer your questions.
This Is the Way Learning Center cares for and educates children aged 6 weeks and up. We are enrolling for all programs (Preschool and Nursery School) in addition to basic childcare. There will be no enrollment fees and registration fees. We are devoted to the future of your child and creating a lifetime love of learning at every age and stage. What can be more precious or important than the early developmental and learning years of our children
This Is the Way Learning Center is located across the street from Henry Barnard School at 18 Shaker Road. It is conveniently located just minutes from 91 North and South, in the town of Enfield.
Hours:
6:30 am through 5:30 pm
Monday through Friday
Closed only on major holidays.
Ages:
Children through kindergarten
School age
Features:
All-day, all-year daycare
Homelike setting
Age-appropriate play areas
Child-friendly curriculum
Computer education
Trained and experienced teachers
You may email us at requests@thisisthewaylc.com or call us at 860-253-0010 to ask your questions and request a free brochure.
21. What is This Is the Way Learning Center
A. It’s a big family. B. It’s a training center.
C. It’s a safety center. D. It’s a local program.
22. Who can teach in This is the Way Learning Center .
A. Everyone enrolled at it. B. Age-appropriate coaches.
C. Computer education teachers. D. Trained and experienced teachers.
23. For whom is this text probably written
A. Parents. B. Visitors. C. Students. D. Professors.
B
The waste management park at Water Beach in Cambridgeshire handles 400,000 tons of recycling every year, and is the biggest centre of its kind in the East of England.
Fran Hawes is standing on the edge of a mountain of dry recycling. She says, “Some think it’s a discouraging thing, but for me personally, it is a huge responsibility.” Fran, who started to do the job at the age of 26, takes her job very seriously. “I am that annoying person at a party who will get everyone’s recycling and make sure everything goes in the right bin,” she admits. “That’s my job. That’s my mission. That’s what I need to do. It allows me to find my leadership style.”
Bin loader Richard Hughes and his colleagues clock on (打卡上班) at the waste service garage in Peter borough at 6:30 and are out emptying bins within half an hour. Richard works four 12-hour days and admits the pay and the condition are not great — but there are three days off which he can spare to his partner and children. His colleague Crystal Teal has been working as a bin loader for two and a half months. “I didn’t feel my last job gave me self-worth and general happiness, so I decided to change and do something completely different,” she says. “I decided to be a binman. It doesn’t bother me that men are mainly doing it,” Crystal adds. “It can be smelly some days, but go home and have a shower, you’ll be all right.”
Their biggest problem When householders put the wrong material — like rotting food and nappies — in the recycling bins. “It makes me feel angry that they are just putting it out there. We’re doing our job to serve them. We are providing service to take their rubbish away and they can’t do their part to put the right things in,” said Richard. “Any problem has a solution — therefore I’m not afraid of a pile of waste,” Fran says. “To any normal person, this might be intimidating (吓人的). It’s a challenge. But this will be gone by Monday morning.”
24. Why does Fran Hawes make others annoyed at a party
A. She still performs her task of garbage sorting. B. She hosts the party in a leadership way.
C. She asks everyone to be responsible for their jobs. D. She might be smelly at parties.
25. Why did Crystal choose to be a bin loader
A. She needed a well-paid job. B. She preferred the three-day-off holiday.
C. She liked to do something meaningful. D. She didn’t find loading bins dirty and smelly.
26. What made Richard sometimes angry
A. People didn’t take out their rubbish. B. People threw away rubbish everywhere.
C. People didn’t sort their rubbish out rightly. D. People picked out useful things from the bins.
27. Which of the following can best describe Fran
A. Brave. B. Amazing. C. Anxious. D. Optimistic.
C
As a young child, I was painfully shy. I’d watch other children play in the park, wishing I could join them, but I was too scared to approach. Eventually, my mother would come to the rescue. She’d ask the other kids if I could play, too. Today, I feel comfortable giving public lectures in large halls and having conversations in small groups, but I still tend to avoid situations in which I’m expected to spend time with a roomful of strangers.
There could be many reasons. For one thing, I might be carrying some childhood fear of rejection. But beyond that possibility, one likely element is that I tend to underestimate how much people like me after I meet them, as most of us do.
A new research paper reports that the common concern that new people may not like us, or that they may not enjoy our company, is largely unfounded.
Erica Boothby of Cornell University and her colleagues conducted a series of studies to find out what our conversation partners really think of us. In doing so, they discovered a new cognitive illusion (认知错觉) they call “the liking gap”: our failure to realize how much strangers appreciate our company after a bit of conversation.
The researchers observed the gap in a variety of situations: strangers getting acquainted in the research laboratory, first-year college students getting to know their dormitory mates over the course of many months, and community members meeting fellow participants in personal development workshops. In each circumstance, people consistently underestimated how much others liked them. For much of the academic year, as dormitory mates got to know each other and even started to develop enduring friendships, the liking gap persisted.
The data also revealed some of the potential reasons for the illusion: we are often more severe with ourselves than with others, and our inner critic prevents us from appreciating how positively other people evaluate us. Not knowing what our conversation partners really think of us, we use our own thoughts as a proxy (代理人). This is a mistake, because our thoughts tend to be more negative than reality.
28. Why does the author mention his childhood experience
A. To show how his character changed.
B. To explain what he was like when he was young.
C. To show an example of why people are shy of communication.
D. To emphasize the important role of a mother in one’s childhood.
29. What does the underlined word “unfounded” probably mean
A. Careless. B. Baseless. C. Selfless. D. Meaningless.
30. What do we know about the liking gap from the text
A. It indicates what strangers really think of us.
B. It begins and ends quickly among strangers.
C. It disappears when strangers get to know each other.
D. It states our misunderstanding of how much others like us.
31. Which of the following is the best title for this text
A. People Like You More than You Know
B. How to Get Along Well with Strangers
C. The Way to Know What Others Think of Us
D. Having Conversations with Strangers Benefits Us
D
When it comes to making healthy lifestyle changes, which should come first — changing your diet or becoming more physically active
Previous studies suggested that providing people with too much information about nutrition and physical activity at once tends to be discouraging. That has led to the popularity of advising people to make changes gradually, and set smaller goals.
So the scientists divided 200 inactive participants who were age 45 or older into four groups. One group was instructed about making diet and fitness changes at the same time, the second group was taught about diet changes first, then fitness changes four months later, the third group changed their exercise habits first and made changes in their eating habits four months later, and the final, control group was not instructed about either diet or fitness changes but about how to manage their stress.
The researchers tracked the groups for a full pared to the control group, the three intervention (干预) groups made healthy changes in their diet. Those who changed their fitness habits first significantly increased the amount of exercise they received daily compared to the other groups after four months. However, at the end of the year, the group that changed both diet and exercise at the same time was the only one that met the nationally recommended targets for both exercise and nutrition levels, while those who worked on improving their nutrition first were unable to meet the recommended levels of fitness after a year. The researchers suspect that changes to diet are easier to make than changes to physical activity.
The findings show, however, that pairing diet and exercise changes may help to overcome some of the barriers people face in adding more physical activity into their lives. If folks change diet and exercise orderly, the scientists say, they may end up placing more importance on the first set of behavior changes and feel less pressured to address the second set.
32. The advice mentioned in the second paragraph seemed .
A. popular B. dangerous C. scientific D. unsatisfactory
33. Which group made progress earlier than other groups in increasing the amount of daily exercise
A. The first group. B. The second group.
C. The third group. D. The control group.
34. The reason why those improving their nutrition first failed to meet the levels of fitness after a year might be that .
A. they might be very lazy
B they wouldn’t like to change their behavior
C. it is much harder to change physical activity
D. they might put on weight before changing their physical activity
35. Which of the following does the author probably approve of
A. Pairing diet and exercise changes.
B. Becoming more physically active first.
C. Changing diet and exercise following a fixed order.
D. Changing diet first and placing more importance on it.
第二节 七选五(10小题，每小题2分，共20分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Simple ways to improve your written English
Many people think it is really difficult to improve (提高) their writing in English. Don’t worry, though. Here are some simple steps that you can take to improve your written English.
● Increase your vocabulary.
To express yourself clearly, you need a good active vocabulary. That’s not just being able to know lots of words — it means actually being able to use them correctly. ___36___
Tip: When you learn a new word, try to learn all the forms of that word.
● ___37___
People often say that we learn to write best by reading. Reading in English is useful in many ways. It is a great way to get an idea of the different styles of writing and see how to use words properly.
Tip: ___38___ Learning shouldn’t be boring. Read each text several times to make sure you understand how to use new words and expressions in the text.
● Improve your grammar.
Grammar is very important because it improves the quality (质量) of your writing.
Tip: ___39___ The first time, look for general mistakes and the second time look for mistakes with the grammar point you are studying at the moment.
● Just do it!
The best way to improve your writing is to get a pen and paper and write. Be prepared to write several versions (版本) of each text. ___40___
A. Know your readers.
B. Read widely and often.
C. Always check your writing twice.
D. Remember, practice makes perfect!
E. Choose books or articles that interest you.
F. Use simpler language and shorter sentences to show your ideas.
G. Do this by learning new words with example sentences, not just word lists.
How to Do Well in Science Class
Doing well in science depends on developing useful study skills and learning to participate (参与) in class. ____41____ If you’ve got good study skills that you’ve developed in other courses, you’ll be able to use many of these to do well in science.
Read the required material. When your teacher requires reading from a textbook or a website, take time to read it before you come to class. If you don’t have time to read it well, it’s a good idea to look quickly at it so that you have an idea of what it’s about. ____42____
Take clear and organized notes. The notes you take in class will help you know what to study between classes. ____43____ Instead, pay careful attention to any information your teacher stresses, which is likely to be included on tests.
____44____ Many science classes include laboratory experiments, which are practice of techniques you’ve learned about in your textbook or lectures. Your teacher will expect you to show up ready to start your experiment. Read the instructions for the laboratory in advance of class.
Reread your notes after class. If there’s anything in your notes that confuses you, or which you feel might be wrong, check with your teacher or a classmate to ensure you have the right information. ____45____ This tests your understanding of the material in a way that ensures you’ve really grasped (理解) the meaning.
A. Be prepared for the laboratory experiment.
B. Work in a group with others in class.
C. Doing a good job in laboratories is also a good way to improve your performance in science.
D. Recording a lecture will allow you to hear it again.
E. Rereading can help you to rewrite your notes in a better way.
F. Don’t try to write down everything that the teacher says.
G. It also helps you be prepared to answer questions and have discussions.
第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 完形填空(共15小题，每小题1分，共15分)
I believe I had the perfect life. Because I was about to ____46____ my high school, and on my way to college, I had great friends and a loving family. There was nothing missing. But I spoke too soon.
It was around 9:25 a.m. that I heard the news that would ____47____ my life forever. My brother Zach had been in a car accident. He fought for five days before he ____48____. That day, I became an only child. I felt extremely ____49____
After Zach’s death, I found ____50____ in food. I ate, then I slept, then I ate again. I couldn’t cry. I could hardly feel anything, and I was ____51____. I stopped building relationships for fear that they would end just as suddenly as Zach’s life. Also, I became nervous about any potentially ____52____ situations — driving late at night — but I couldn’t express this fear of life because I wanted to be strong for my parents. I saw my parents’ ____53____ worse than mine because of the losing of their son. I didn’t want them to ____54____ me. I also experienced a lot of _____55_____, because I was angry about why the sadness had happened to me, and I never escape from this emotion.
Now, it has been nearly five years since Zach’s death. I don’t _____56_____ life anymore: I face it bravely. I_____57_____ my friendships and began socializing more. I even share Zach’s story with people around me. Although my new friends never met him, they know about Zach.
One lesson I learned from losing my brother was never to be _____58_____ to say, “I love you.” I loved my brother, but it was too late to _____59_____ it loudly. The last time I remember telling my brother I loved him was when he was dying. Don’t make this _____60_____ like me.
46.
A. admit B. finish C. approach D. determine
47.
A. regret B. change C. beautify D. ignore
48.
A. took away B. gave away C. passed away D. flew away
49.
A. lonely B. tired C. bored D. nervous
50.
A. interest B. benefit C. improvement D. relief
51.
A. funny B. hopeful C. patient D. senseless
52.
A. difficult B. particular C. dangerous D. tense
53.
A. pain B. discouragement C. willingness D. memory
54.
A. think about B. dream about C. talk about D. care about
55.
A. surprise B. anger C. disappointment D. doubt
56.
A. damage B. choose C. fear D. leave
57.
A. produced B. rebuilt C. communicated D. raised
58.
A. stubborn B. satisfied C. brave D. afraid
59.
A. explore B. express C. spread D. pray
60.
A. mistake B. opinion C. explanation D. difference
第二节 语法填空(10小题，每小题15分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
It was Mother’s Day morning last year. My five-year-old son, Tenyson, and I _____61_____ (leave) the supermarket after shopping when an old woman fell over at the entrance and hit her head on the ground. Her husband was with her, but the woman was _____62_____ (serious) hurt and shaking with pain. At the first sight, my son is full of _____63_____ (curious).
At the front of the supermarket a charity (慈善) group was selling flowers to raise funds. Tedyson suggested that we should buy the lady a flower. “It’s just like we give her _____64_____ hand and it will make _____65_____ (she) feel better.” he said. I was amazed that he’d come up _____66_____ such a sweet idea. So we went to the flower seller to buy a flower for the lady.
By then rescuers had arrived, and were attending the _____67_____ (injure) woman. As we walked up to her, my son became frightened by all the blood and medical equipment, which is beyond description. He said he was so afraid that he had trouble _____68_____ (go) up to her. That was why he asked me for help.
Instead, I gave the flower to the woman’s husband and told him, “My son was very upset for your wife and bought her this flower to cheer her up.” At that moment, the old man was moved add said, “Thank you so much, you have a good son. Happy Mother’s Day to you.”
The man then gave his wife the flower, _____69_____ (tell) her who it was from. _______70_______ badly hurt, the old lady looked up at Tenyson with thanks in her eyes and gave him a little smile.
第四部分 完成句子(10小题，每小题2分，共20分)
71. Nowadays more and more companies ________ ________ (依赖于) short videos to sell their products.(根据汉语提示完成句子)
72. We're really ____ (期望) seeing you again. （根据汉语提示完成句子）
73. We ________ ________ ________ go down the hill ________ (刚要……突然) suddenly it began to rain. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
74. We just need to remember that AI first and foremost extends and enhances what it means to be human and ________ ________ (尤其，特别) our problem-solving abilities. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
75. On the first day of high school, he stood by the door with ________ ________ ________ ________ (紧张不安地). (根据汉语提示完成句子)
76. She died shortly after the diagnosis (诊断), ________ ________ (留下，抛弃) her husband and two small children. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
77. Do some relaxation to help you ________ ________ (冷静下来) before you step into the house. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
78. The British prefer to read newspapers ________ ________ (而不是) have a conversation with strangers. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
79. The palace was built between 1406 and 1420, but was ________ ________ (烧毁), rebuilt and renovated (翻新) countless times. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
80. From what you said, she ________ ________ ________ (一定告诉了) you all about it yesterday. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
第五部分 应用文写作(满分20分)
81. 假设你是中学生李华，你的朋友Rebecca最近和父母关系紧张，发邮件向你询问如何改善与父母的关系。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括：
(1) 写信目的;
(2) 提出建议并说明理由;
(3) 表达美好希望。
注意：
(1) 词数80左右;
(2) 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Rebecca,
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua2023-2024学年秋季学期高一年级第一次段考
英语试题
2023.10
本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分，共7页，满分150分，考试用时120分钟。
注意事项：
1、答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名和学号填写在答题卡密封线内相应的位置上，用2B铅笔将自己的学号填涂在答题卡上。
2、选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑;如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案;不能答在试卷上。
3、非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔在答题卡上作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内的相应位置上，超出指定区域的答案无效;如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。
4、考生必须保持答题卡的整洁和平整。
第一部分 基础知识(共30分)
一、单选题(本大题共20小题，每小题15分，共30分)
1. Which of the following words is created the same way as sunflower!
A. homework B. winner C. untidy D. musician
【答案】A
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查构词法。句意：以下哪个词的创造方式与sunflower相同！根据题干可知，sunflower是合成词，由“sun”+“flower”两个单词合成。再看选项，A选项中homework是由“home”+“work”两个单词合成，与sunflower构词形式一样。故选A项。
2. I wonder if she ________ us tomorrow, but I think if she ________ us, we will be able to complete the task ahead of time.
A. helps; helps B. will help; has helped
C. helps; will help D. will help; helps
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查宾语从句、条件状语从句和时态。句意：我不知道她明天是否会帮助我们，但我想如果她帮助我们，我们就能提前完成任务。分析句子可知，第一个if引导名词性从句作wonder的宾语，第一空的行为发生在明天，时态应用一般将来时，故用will help；第二个if引导条件状语从句，应用一般现在时表将来，故用helps。故选D。
3. Her ________ face suggested that she was ________ by some ________ things .
A. frightening, frightened, frightening
B. frightened, frightened, frightening
C. frightening, frightening, frightening
D. frightening, frightened, frightened
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她惊恐的表情表明她被一些可怕的东西吓坏了。修饰人的表情，反应人的感受，表“害怕的”，应用-ed结尾的形容词frightened，第一空应填frightened，作定语修饰face；修饰物，反应该物自身特点，意为“可怕的，骇人的”，应用-ing结尾的形容词frightening，第三空修饰things，故填frightening，作定语。第二空，主语为she，动词frighten与she之间为动宾关系，故用被动结构be frightened，此处用过去分词frightened，作表语。故选B项。
4. We ________ each other for about twenty years since we left Japan.
A. didn’t see B. don’t meet C. haven’t seen D. hadn’t seen
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：自从我们离开日本以来，我们已经有20年没有见面了。空格处作谓语，根据状语从句since we left Japan可知，应用现在完成时。故选C项。
5. The sports meeting is _____. We are doing what we can to prepare for it.
A. in the way B. drawing
C. this way D. approaching
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查时态及固定短语辨析。句意：运动会马上就要来临了。我们正在做我们能做的一切事情，来为运动会做准备。A. in the way挡路；B. drawing绘画；C. this way这种方式；D. approaching靠近，临近。根据“We are doing what we can to prepare for it.”可知，此处指运动会即将来临，approach符合题意，用现在进行时表示将来，表示较近的将来。故选D项。
6. Between the two rows of trees ________ the teaching building.
A. stands B. stand C. standing D. having stood
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查倒装句和主谓一致。句意：教学楼矗立在两排树之间。分析句子可知，句中表示方位的介词短语“Between the two rows of trees”置于句首，引起了句子的完全倒装，所以the teaching building是句子主语，单数名词，stand是谓语动词，句中描述一般性事实，用一般现在时态，单数形式。故选A项。
7. ________for the NBA in 2009, Stephen joined the Golden State Warriors.
A. Selected B. To select
C. Having selected D. Selecting
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：斯蒂芬2009年入选NBA，加盟金州勇士队。分析句子结构可知，此处应为非谓语动词短语作状语，select与其逻辑主语Stephen之间为动宾关系，应用过去分词，表被动、完成。故选A项。
8. The old man stood there with his eyes ______ on the picture.
A. to focus B. focusing C. focused D. focus
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：老人站在那儿眼睛盯着画看。此处为with的复合结构，eyes与focus是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词作宾语补足语，表被动。故选C。
9. He was extremely ______ to survive in the terrible fire.
A. fortunate B. comfortable C. confident D. scared
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他在这场可怕的大火中幸存下来，真是万幸。A. fortunate幸运的；B. comfortable自信的；C. confident自信的；D. scared害怕的。根据后文“survive in the terrible fire”可知，因为在大火中幸存下来。由此可知，这是幸运的，所以空处需用形容词fortunate。故选A。
10. Next after coffee, Americans are ________ to drink cola drinks, such as Coke or Pepsi, or other soft drinks.
A. possible B. likely C. probable D. as well
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：位居咖啡之后，美国人最可能喝的是可乐饮料，例如可口可乐或百事可乐，或其他软饮料。A. possible可能的；B. likely可能；C. probable很可能发生；D. as well也。虽然possible，likely，probable都有可能之意，但是一般情况下，possible和probable只能用it作形式主语；只有likely既可用人也可用物作主语，常用句型是It is likely that…或sb./sth.is likely to（do）很可能……”。这句话的主语是Americans，指人。且使用的是sb. be likely to（do）的句型。故选B。
11. We cannot always ________ the traditional rules handed down to us from the past.
A. build B. observe C. create D. forgive
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们不能总是遵守过去传给我们的传统规则。A.build建立；B. observe遵守；C. create创作；D. forgive原谅。根据“the traditional rules handed down to us from the past(过去传下来的传统规则)”可知，此处表示“遵守”。故选B。
12. I’ve just _______ an old friend in the park while taking a walk with my parents.
A. come out B. come about C. come across D. come over
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我刚和父母在公园散步时遇到了一位老朋友。A. come out出版；B. come about产生；C. come across偶遇；D. come over顺便来访。根据“while taking a walk with my parents.”可知，公园散步时偶然遇到一位老朋友。故选C。
13. The reason ________ Tom failed in the exam was ______ he didn’t work hard.
A. why; that B. that; why C. why; because D. for which; because
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句和表语从句。句意：汤姆考试不及格的原因是他不努力。分析句子结构可知，第一空引导定语从句，先行词the reason，在定语从句中作原因状语，需用关系副词why引导；第二空引导表语从句，从句不缺成分，且引导词没有含义，需用连接词that引导。故选A。
14. The retired worker likes getting up early. The air in the morning is good .
A. to be breathed B. to breathe
C. breathing D. being breathed
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：退休工人们喜欢早起，早上的空气呼吸起来很新鲜。分析句子可知，本题的不定式与形容词连用对句子的主语进行修饰说明，使用主动语态表示被动的含义。故选B项。
15. I have lost my wallet. I ________ it somewhere just now.
A. must drop B. must have been dropped
C. must have dropped D. should have dropped
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查情态动词。句意：我的钱包丢了。我刚才一定是把它掉在什么地方了。must do“现在一定”是对现在的肯定推测，must have done“过去一定”是对过去肯定的推测，should have done“原本应该做却没有做”是一种虚拟语气，根据语意及“just now”可知，此处表达对过去肯定的推测，应用must have done，且drop与主语I是主动关系。故选C项。
16. The Universal Studio Resort, ________ seven theme lands, can offer its visitors ______ fun experience.
A. consisted of; a variety of B. consisting of; varieties of
C. comprising; various D. comprised of; various of
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词、名词短语。句意：环球影城度假区由七个主题乐园组成，为游客提供各种有趣的体验。分析句子可知第二空需要填入“各种各样的”，即a variety of/varieties of/various，故排除D；第二空后fun experience是不可数名词，various修饰可数名词复数，故排除C；句子谓语动词是can offer，第一空填入非谓语动词，consist of无被动语态，故排除A；consist of指一个整体由几个部分组成，或由某些材料构成，结合句意可知环球影城度假区由七个主题乐园组成，The Universal Studio Resort与consist of之间是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故选B。
17. ---Have you heard that Ben and Bill had a fight yesterday
---Yes. Now they don’t say a single word to each other. It seems as if they ______ each other before.
A. didn’t know B. don’t know C. have never known D. had never known
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：——你听说昨天 Ben 和 Bill 打架了吗？——是的。现在他们一句话也不说了。他们好像之前从来不认识对方。as if “好像”，在引导从句时，即可表示对现在、过去时间的虚拟，也可表示对将来时间的虚拟，其后要用虚拟语气。当表示和过去事实相反时，从句用had +过去分词的虚拟语气。根据句中“Ben and Bill had a fight yesterday ”及下文“ before”，可知此处表示和过去事实相反，选项D与题意相符，故选D。
18. It can be hard for you to imagine what trouble I have had _______ the problems _______ in the meeting held last week.
A. to deal with; refer to B. dealing with; referring to
C. dealing with; referred to D. to deal with; referred to
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：你可能很难想象我在处理上周会议上提到的问题时遇到了什么麻烦。have trouble doing sth.是固定短语，意为“做某事有困难”，因此第一空是动名词dealing with，分析句子结构可知，句中谓语是“can be hard”，第二空用非谓语形式，“problems ”是被提到，因此空格处用过去分词表被动，因此第二空是referred to，故选C。
19. Not only ______, but also he kept it.
A has he made a promise B. he made a promise
C. did he make a promise D. he had made a promise
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查倒装和时态。句意：他不仅许下了诺言，而且还遵守了诺言。 not only…but also…前后连接两个句子时，否定词not only后的句子要用部分倒装。根据kept可知，时态为一般过去时，助动词did提前。故选C。
20. ________ the wealth of the country increasing, more waste will be produced.
A. As B. With C. Because D. For
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查with的复合结构。句意：随着国家财富的增加，将会产生更多的垃圾。A. As随着，从属连词，引导时间状语从句；B. With随着，介词；C. Because因为，从属连词；D. For因为，从属连词，引导原因状语从句，或介词。空后的“the wealth of the country increasing”非完整的句子，故可排除A和C项，且the wealth of the country为名词短语，increasing为非谓语动词，应用With构成其复合结构，名词短语作宾语，现在分词作宾语补足语，表示随着国家财富的增加。故选B。
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，本题共25小题，每小题2分，共50分)
第一节 阅读理解(15小题，每小题2分，共30分)
A
This Is the Way Learning Center
The staff, parents and children enrolled (招收) at This Is the Way Learning Center are one big family. We take the health and safety of our family very seriously. This Is the Way Learning Center is committed to maintaining a safe environment for your children. We are following all safety rules. Should you have any questions regarding the processes in place please call our center. We will be happy to answer your questions.
This Is the Way Learning Center cares for and educates children aged 6 weeks and up. We are enrolling for all programs (Preschool and Nursery School) in addition to basic childcare. There will be no enrollment fees and registration fees. We are devoted to the future of your child and creating a lifetime love of learning at every age and stage. What can be more precious or important than the early developmental and learning years of our children
This Is the Way Learning Center is located across the street from Henry Barnard School at 18 Shaker Road. It is conveniently located just minutes from 91 North and South, in the town of Enfield.
Hours:
6:30 am through 5:30 pm
Monday through Friday
Closed only on major holidays.
Ages:
Children through kindergarten
School age
Features:
All-day, all-year daycare
Homelike setting
Age-appropriate play areas
Child-friendly curriculum
Computer education
Trained and experienced teachers
You may email us at requests@thisisthewaylc.com or call us at 860-253-0010 to ask your questions and request a free brochure.
21. What is This Is the Way Learning Center
A. It’s a big family. B. It’s a training center.
C. It’s a safety center. D. It’s a local program.
22. Who can teach in This is the Way Learning Center .
A. Everyone enrolled at it. B. Age-appropriate coaches.
C. Computer education teachers. D. Trained and experienced teachers.
23. For whom is this text probably written
A. Parents. B. Visitors. C. Students. D. Professors.
【答案】21. B 22. D 23. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了一家向婴幼儿及学龄期儿童开放的培训中心。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“This Is the Way Learning Center cares for and educates children aged 6 weeks and up.”（ This Is the Way Learning Center照顾并教育6周及以上年龄的孩子）可知，这是一个招收婴幼儿的培训中心。故选B项。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据Features部分的“Trained and experienced teachers”（训练有素、有经验的老师）可知，在此教学的人应该是受过训练且有经验的老师。故选D项。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段倒数第二句“We are devoted to the future of your child and creating a lifetime love of learning at every age and stage.”（我们致力于您孩子的未来，在不同年龄段和阶段培养其对学习终身的热爱。）可知，本文受众群体应是孩子家长。故选A项。
B
The waste management park at Water Beach in Cambridgeshire handles 400,000 tons of recycling every year, and is the biggest centre of its kind in the East of England.
Fran Hawes is standing on the edge of a mountain of dry recycling. She says, “Some think it’s a discouraging thing, but for me personally, it is a huge responsibility.” Fran, who started to do the job at the age of 26, takes her job very seriously. “I am that annoying person at a party who will get everyone’s recycling and make sure everything goes in the right bin,” she admits. “That’s my job. That’s my mission. That’s what I need to do. It allows me to find my leadership style.”
Bin loader Richard Hughes and his colleagues clock on (打卡上班) at the waste service garage in Peter borough at 6:30 and are out emptying bins within half an hour. Richard works four 12-hour days and admits the pay and the condition are not great — but there are three days off which he can spare to his partner and children. His colleague Crystal Teal has been working as a bin loader for two and a half months. “I didn’t feel my last job gave me self-worth and general happiness, so I decided to change and do something completely different,” she says. “I decided to be a binman. It doesn’t bother me that men are mainly doing it,” Crystal adds. “It can be smelly some days, but go home and have a shower, you’ll be all right.”
Their biggest problem When householders put the wrong material — like rotting food and nappies — in the recycling bins. “It makes me feel angry that they are just putting it out there. We’re doing our job to serve them. We are providing service to take their rubbish away and they can’t do their part to put the right things in,” said Richard. “Any problem has a solution — therefore I’m not afraid of a pile of waste,” Fran says. “To any normal person, this might be intimidating (吓人的). It’s a challenge. But this will be gone by Monday morning.”
24 Why does Fran Hawes make others annoyed at a party
A. She still performs her task of garbage sorting. B. She hosts the party in a leadership way.
C. She asks everyone to be responsible for their jobs. D. She might be smelly at parties.
25. Why did Crystal choose to be a bin loader
A. She needed a well-paid job. B. She preferred the three-day-off holiday.
C. She liked to do something meaningful. D. She didn’t find loading bins dirty and smelly.
26. What made Richard sometimes angry
A. People didn’t take out their rubbish. B. People threw away rubbish everywhere.
C. People didn’t sort their rubbish out rightly. D. People picked out useful things from the bins.
27. Which of the following can best describe Fran
A. Brave. B. Amazing. C. Anxious. D. Optimistic.
【答案】24. A 25. C 26. C 27. D
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇新闻报道。英国剑桥郡沃特海滩的垃圾管理公园每年要处理40万吨的垃圾回收，文章讲述了这里的几位垃圾回收工兢兢业业工作的情况。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段““I am that annoying person at a party who will get everyone’s recycling and make sure everything goes in the right bin,” she admits. “That’s my job. That’s my mission. That’s what I need to do. It allows me to find my leadership style.” (她承认：“我是派对上那种让人讨厌的人，我会帮每个人收废品，并确保所有东西都放进正确的垃圾箱。这是我的工作。这是我的使命。这就是我要做的。这让我找到了自己的领导风格。”)”可知，在聚会时，Fran会收起每个人的垃圾，并做好垃圾分类的工作，这让聚会中的人感到不舒服。故选A。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段““I didn’t feel my last job gave me self-worth and general happiness, so I decided to change and do something completely different,” she says. “I decided to be a binman. It doesn’t bother me that men are mainly doing it,” Crystal adds. (她说：“我觉得上一份工作没有给我带来自我价值和总体幸福感，所以我决定改变，做一些完全不同的事情。”“我决定当一名清洁工。主要是男性在做这件事，我并不介意。”克里斯托补充道。)”可知，Crystal认为自己的上一份工作没有让她感受到快乐和自我价值的实现，而离职后她选择当一个垃圾倾倒工，可推知，这是一份能使她感受到自我价值和快乐的工作，即她想做有意义的事情。故选C。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“When householders put the wrong material — like rotting food and nappies — in the recycling bins. “It makes me feel angry that they are just putting it out there. We’re doing our job to serve them. We are providing service to take their rubbish away and they can’t do their part to put the right things in,” said Richard. (当住户把错误的东西——比如腐烂的食物和尿布——扔进回收箱时。Richard说：“这让我感到愤怒，他们只是把它放在那里。我们是在为他们服务。我们提供服务把他们的垃圾运走，而他们却不能尽自己的一份力把正确的东西放进去。”)”可知，住户们不把垃圾正确地分类，放在正确的地方，这让Richard很生气。故选C。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段““Any problem has a solution — therefore I’m not afraid of a pile of waste,” Fran says. “To any normal person, this might be intimidating (吓人的). It’s a challenge. But this will be gone by Monday morning.” (弗兰说：“任何问题都有解决办法，所以我不怕一堆垃圾。对于任何一个正常人来说，这可能是令人生畏的。这是一个挑战。但到周一早上就会消失。”)”可知，尽管垃圾很多，但Fran对于这个挑战能很乐观地面对，说明很乐观。故选D。
C
As a young child, I was painfully shy. I’d watch other children play in the park, wishing I could join them, but I was too scared to approach. Eventually, my mother would come to the rescue. She’d ask the other kids if I could play, too. Today, I feel comfortable giving public lectures in large halls and having conversations in small groups, but I still tend to avoid situations in which I’m expected to spend time with a roomful of strangers.
There could be many reasons. For one thing, I might be carrying some childhood fear of rejection. But beyond that possibility, one likely element is that I tend to underestimate how much people like me after I meet them, as most of us do.
A new research paper reports that the common concern that new people may not like us, or that they may not enjoy our company, is largely unfounded.
Erica Boothby of Cornell University and her colleagues conducted a series of studies to find out what our conversation partners really think of us. In doing so, they discovered a new cognitive illusion (认知错觉) they call “the liking gap”: our failure to realize how much strangers appreciate our company after a bit of conversation.
The researchers observed the gap in a variety of situations: strangers getting acquainted in the research laboratory, first-year college students getting to know their dormitory mates over the course of many months, and community members meeting fellow participants in personal development workshops. In each circumstance, people consistently underestimated how much others liked them. For much of the academic year, as dormitory mates got to know each other and even started to develop enduring friendships, the liking gap persisted.
The data also revealed some of the potential reasons for the illusion: we are often more severe with ourselves than with others, and our inner critic prevents us from appreciating how positively other people evaluate us. Not knowing what our conversation partners really think of us, we use our own thoughts as a proxy (代理人). This is a mistake, because our thoughts tend to be more negative than reality.
28. Why does the author mention his childhood experience
A. To show how his character changed.
B. To explain what he was like when he was young.
C. To show an example of why people are shy of communication.
D. To emphasize the important role of a mother in one’s childhood.
29. What does the underlined word “unfounded” probably mean
A. Careless. B. Baseless. C. Selfless. D. Meaningless.
30. What do we know about the liking gap from the text
A. It indicates what strangers really think of us.
B. It begins and ends quickly among strangers.
C. It disappears when strangers get to know each other.
D. It states our misunderstanding of how much others like us.
31. Which of the following is the best title for this text
A. People Like You More than You Know
B. How to Get Along Well with Strangers
C. The Way to Know What Others Think of Us
D. Having Conversations with Strangers Benefits Us
【答案】28. C 29. B 30. D 31. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究发现，由于“喜欢差距”，我们往往会低估别人对我们的喜爱程度，事实上，人们比你认为的更喜欢你。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段关键句“As a young child, I was painfully shy. I’d watch other children play in the park, wishing I could join them, but I was too scared to approach.”（小时候，我非常害羞。我会看着其他孩子在公园里玩耍，希望我能加入他们，但我太害怕了，不敢靠近。）和第二段内容“There could be many reasons. For one thing, I might be carrying some childhood fear of rejection. But beyond that possibility, one likely element is that I tend to underestimate how much people like me after I meet them, as most of us do.”（可能有很多原因。首先，我可能从小就害怕被拒绝。但除此之外，一个可能的因素是，我和我们大多数人一样，在遇到别人之后，往往会低估他们对我的喜爱程度。）可知，文中列举了作者童年时不愿意与其他人交流的经历，并解释了这种情况产生的原因，由此可知，作者提到他的童年经历是为了举一个例子，说明人们为什么不愿意交流。故选C项。
【29题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第四段关键句“In doing so, they discovered a new cognitive illusion (认知错觉) they call “the liking gap”: our failure to realize how much strangers appreciate our company after a bit of conversation.”（在这样做的过程中，他们发现了一种新的认知错觉，他们称之为“喜欢差距”：经过一番交谈后，我们没有意识到陌生人有多么欣赏我们的陪伴。）可知，研究发现，认知错觉让我们没有意识到陌生人有多么喜欢我们，由此可知，人们担心新人可能不喜欢我们，或者他们可能不喜欢和我们在一起，这在很大程度上是没有根据的，是一种认知错觉，“Baseless”意为“没有根据的”，能表达画线单词在句中所要表达的意思。故选B项。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段关键句“In doing so, they discovered a new cognitive illusion (认知错觉) they call “the liking gap”: our failure to realize how much strangers appreciate our company after a bit of conversation.”（在这样做过程中，他们发现了一种新的认知错觉，他们称之为“喜欢差距”：经过一番交谈后，我们没有意识到陌生人有多么欣赏我们的陪伴。）可知，“喜欢差距”指的是经过一番交谈后，我们没有意识到陌生人有多么喜欢我们，由此可知，“喜欢差距”表明了我们对别人有多喜欢我们的误解。故选D项。
【31题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第二段关键句“But beyond that possibility, one likely element is that I tend to underestimate how much people like me after I meet them, as most of us do.”（但除此之外，一个可能的因素是，我和我们大多数人一样，在遇到别人之后，往往会低估他们对我的喜爱程度。）和第四段关键句“In doing so, they discovered a new cognitive illusion (认知错觉) they call “the liking gap”: our failure to realize how much strangers appreciate our company after a bit of conversation.”（在这样做的过程中，他们发现了一种新的认知错觉，他们称之为“喜欢差距”：经过一番交谈后，我们没有意识到陌生人有多么欣赏我们的陪伴。）可知，由于“喜欢差距”，我们往往会低估别人对我们的喜爱程度，事实上，人们比你认为的更喜欢你，“People Like You More than You Know”意为“人们比你知道的更喜欢你”，选项能够概括文章主要内容。故选A项。
D
When it comes to making healthy lifestyle changes, which should come first — changing your diet or becoming more physically active
Previous studies suggested that providing people with too much information about nutrition and physical activity at once tends to be discouraging. That has led to the popularity of advising people to make changes gradually, and set smaller goals.
So the scientists divided 200 inactive participants who were age 45 or older into four groups. One group was instructed about making diet and fitness changes at the same time, the second group was taught about diet changes first, then fitness changes four months later, the third group changed their exercise habits first and made changes in their eating habits four months later, and the final, control group was not instructed about either diet or fitness changes but about how to manage their stress.
The researchers tracked the groups for a full pared to the control group, the three intervention (干预) groups made healthy changes in their diet. Those who changed their fitness habits first significantly increased the amount of exercise they received daily compared to the other groups after four months. However, at the end of the year, the group that changed both diet and exercise at the same time was the only one that met the nationally recommended targets for both exercise and nutrition levels, while those who worked on improving their nutrition first were unable to meet the recommended levels of fitness after a year. The researchers suspect that changes to diet are easier to make than changes to physical activity.
The findings show, however, that pairing diet and exercise changes may help to overcome some of the barriers people face in adding more physical activity into their lives. If folks change diet and exercise orderly, the scientists say, they may end up placing more importance on the first set of behavior changes and feel less pressured to address the second set.
32. The advice mentioned in the second paragraph seemed .
A. popular B. dangerous C. scientific D. unsatisfactory
33. Which group made progress earlier than other groups in increasing the amount of daily exercise
A. The first group. B. The second group.
C. The third group. D. The control group.
34. The reason why those improving their nutrition first failed to meet the levels of fitness after a year might be that .
A. they might be very lazy
B. they wouldn’t like to change their behavior
C. it is much harder to change physical activity
D. they might put on weight before changing their physical activity
35. Which of the following does the author probably approve of
A. Pairing diet and exercise changes.
B. Becoming more physically active first.
C. Changing diet and exercise following a fixed order.
D. Changing diet first and placing more importance on it.
【答案】32. D 33. C 34. C 35. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。要想健康生活，是先节食还是先运动呢？研究发现，两者同时进行好。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。由第二段Previous studies suggested that providing people with too much information about nutrition and physical activity at once tends to be discouraging. That has led to the popularity of advising people to make changes gradually, and set smaller goals.可知，以前的研究表明，同时向人们提供太多关于营养和体育活动的信息往往会令人沮丧。这导致了建议人们逐渐做出改变，设定小目标的流行。由此可知，这些建议都有弊端，所以不能令人满意。故选D。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。由第四段中的Those that changed their fitness habits first significantly increased the amount of exercise they received daily compared to the other groups after four months.可知，与其他组相比，那些改变了健身习惯的人首先在四个月后每天的运动量明显增加。由此可知，这部分人在运动方面最先取得进步。这部分人对应的是第三组（见第三段the third group changed their exercise habits first and made changes in their eating habits four months later）。故选C。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。由第四段中的The researchers suspect that changes to diet are easier to make than changes to physical activity.可知，研究人员怀疑改变饮食比改变身体活动更容易。由此推知，一开始先进行节食训练的小组一年后在运动方面还不达标，可能的原因是，运动比节食改变起来更费劲。其他选项妄加揣测。故选C。
【35题详解】
细节理解题。由末段首句的pairing diet and exercise changes may help to overcome some of the barriers people face in adding more physical activity into their lives可知，将饮食和锻炼相结合可能有助于克服人们在生活中增加体育活动时所面临的一些障碍。由此可知，作者可能赞成饮食和锻炼的搭配改变。故选A。
第二节 七选五(10小题，每小题2分，共20分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Simple ways to improve your written English
Many people think it is really difficult to improve (提高) their writing in English. Don’t worry, though. Here are some simple steps that you can take to improve your written English.
● Increase your vocabulary.
To express yourself clearly, you need a good active vocabulary. That’s not just being able to know lots of words — it means actually being able to use them correctly. ___36___
Tip: When you learn a new word, try to learn all the forms of that word.
● ___37___
People often say that we learn to write best by reading. Reading in English is useful in many ways. It is a great way to get an idea of the different styles of writing and see how to use words properly.
Tip: ___38___ Learning shouldn’t be boring. Read each text several times to make sure you understand how to use new words and expressions in the text.
● Improve your grammar.
Grammar is very important because it improves the quality (质量) of your writing.
Tip: ___39___ The first time, look for general mistakes and the second time look for mistakes with the grammar point you are studying at the moment.
● Just do it!
The best way to improve your writing is to get a pen and paper and write. Be prepared to write several versions (版本) of each text. ___40___
A. Know your readers.
B. Read widely and often.
C. Always check your writing twice.
D. Remember, practice makes perfect!
E. Choose books or articles that interest you.
F. Use simpler language and shorter sentences to show your ideas.
G. Do this by learning new words with example sentences, not just word lists.
【答案】36. G 37. B 38. E 39. C 40. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章就如何提高英语写作水平给出了三点建议。
【36题详解】
根据本段小标题Increase your vocabulary （增加你的词汇量）及空前That’s not just being able to know lots of words — it means actually being able to use them correctly.（这不仅仅是能够知道很多单词，这意味着能够正确地使用它们）可知，G项Do this by learning new words with example sentences, not just word lists.（通过例句学习新单词，而不仅仅是单词表）符合文意。选项G中的new words与标题中的vocabulary以及与上句中的lots of words呼应，并且选项G中的doing this可与use them correctly形成指代关系。故选G。
【37题详解】
根据其它两个小标题的句式可知，此处应填简短的祈使句。由第二段小标题下的Reading in English is useful in many ways.（读英语在很多方面是很有用的）可知，这个小标题强调读英语的重要性。由此可知，B项 Read widely and often（广泛地读与常读）可与标题下的内容呼应。故选B。
【38题详解】
根据下文Learning shouldn’t be boring.（学习不应该是枯燥的）可知，这里应是描写英语读的内容。选项E中的interest you（让你感兴趣的）可与下一句中的boring形成翻译呼应；由此可知， E项Choose books or articles that interest you.（选择你感兴趣的书或文章）符合文意。故选E。
【39题详解】
根据空后The first time, look for general mistakes and the second time look for mistakes with the grammar point you are studying at the moment.（第一次，找出一般的错误，第二次，找出你正在学习的语法点的错误）可知，此处指写完后要检查两遍。由此可知，C项Always check your writing twice.（经常检查你的写作两次）符合文意。选项C中的“twice”可与其中的“The first time…the second time”呼应，故选C。
【40题详解】
根据空前Be prepared to write several versions (版本) of each text.（准备好写几遍的打算）及本段的小标题Just do it!（就这么干吧！）可知，D项Remember, practice makes perfect!（记住，熟能生巧）与多练习前后呼应。故选D。
【点睛】七选五题目主要考查学生综合的英语逻辑思维能力。一篇好的短文，不仅在内容上要前后一致，而且还要语篇结构清晰，上下文逻辑意义严谨。内容的前后一致体现在段内及语篇内话题的自然过渡。语篇结构主要体现为：文章是总分结构，还是按时间或空间顺序发展的，还是辩证三段论的编排的。逻辑意义的严谨最主要的可以通过代词、连词和副词等形式来体现。我们做题时优先选择句式以及上下词之间的呼应关系。这篇短文是带有小标题的文章，根据句式以及小标题与小标题内容呼应是重要的解题原则。例如根据小标题句式特点，我们很快可以锁定第二题的答案应该在AB之间，再根据内容一致性确定答案。第四题是明显的时间词语的呼应，第一题，第三题是词汇上下呼应。第五题是意思呼应。所以我们一般以呼应关系或句式确定答案，再以内容一致性验证答案。
How to Do Well in Science Class
Doing well in science depends on developing useful study skills and learning to participate (参与) in class. ____41____ If you’ve got good study skills that you’ve developed in other courses, you’ll be able to use many of these to do well in science.
Read the required material. When your teacher requires reading from a textbook or a website, take time to read it before you come to class. If you don’t have time to read it well, it’s a good idea to look quickly at it so that you have an idea of what it’s about. ____42____
Take clear and organized notes. The notes you take in class will help you know what to study between classes. ____43____ Instead, pay careful attention to any information your teacher stresses, which is likely to be included on tests.
____44____ Many science classes include laboratory experiments, which are practice of techniques you’ve learned about in your textbook or lectures. Your teacher will expect you to show up ready to start your experiment. Read the instructions for the laboratory in advance of class.
Reread your notes after class. If there’s anything in your notes that confuses you, or which you feel might be wrong, check with your teacher or a classmate to ensure you have the right information. ____45____ This tests your understanding of the material in a way that ensures you’ve really grasped (理解) the meaning.
A. Be prepared for the laboratory experiment.
B. Work in a group with others in class.
C. Doing a good job in laboratories is also a good way to improve your performance in science.
D. Recording a lecture will allow you to hear it again.
E. Rereading can help you to rewrite your notes in a better way.
F. Don’t try to write down everything that the teacher says.
G. It also helps you be prepared to answer questions and have discussions.
【答案】41. C 42. G 43. F 44. A 45. E
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在科学课上取得好成绩的一些方法。
【41题详解】
前文“Doing well in science depends on developing useful study skills and learning to participate (参与) in class. (在科学上取得好成绩取决于培养有用的学习技巧和学会参与课堂)”介绍在科学上取得好成绩的决定因素，因此C项“Doing a good job in laboratories is also a good way to improve your performance in science. (做好实验室工作也是提高科学成绩的好方法)”符合语境，指出另一影响这方面成绩的因素，承接前文，其中的to improve your performance in science和前文的Doing well in science呼应。故选C。
【42题详解】
前文“If you don’t have time to read it well, it’s a good idea to look quickly at it so that you have an idea of what it’s about. (如果你没有时间仔细阅读，快速浏览一下是一个好主意，这样你就能对它的内容有一个大致的了解)”建议时间不够的情况下进行快速浏览，说明这样做的好处，因此G项“It also helps you be prepared to answer questions and have discussions. (它还可以帮助你准备好回答问题和进行讨论)”符合语境，补充说明其好处，承接前文，其中的It指代前文的to look quickly at it。故选G。
【43题详解】
前文“The notes you take in class will help you know what to study between classes. (你在课堂上做的笔记会帮助你知道课间该学什么)”解释做笔记的用处，后文“Instead, pay careful attention to any information your teacher stresses, which is likely to be included on tests. (相反，要仔细注意老师强调的任何信息，这些信息很可能会出现在考试中)”介绍做笔记的具体方法，注意老师强调的信息，因此F项“Don’t try to write down everything that the teacher says. (不要试图把老师说的每句话都记下来)”符合语境，建议不用记下所有信息，承接前文，后文对其递进。故选F。
【44题详解】
空处位于段首，是段落主旨句，需统领段落内容，且需和其他段首句一样使用祈使句的形式。根据后文“Many science classes include laboratory experiments, which are practice of techniques you’ve learned about in your textbook or lectures. Your teacher will expect you to show up ready to start your experiment. Read the instructions for the laboratory in advance of class. (许多科学课程包括实验室实验，这是你在课本或讲座中学到的技术的实践。你的老师会期望你准备好开始你的实验。课前阅读实验说明)”建议为科学课程的实验室实验做好准备，事先阅读实验说明，因此A项“Be prepared for the laboratory experiment. (为实验室实验做好准备)”符合语境，契合后文内容。故选A。
【45题详解】
根据段首句“Reread your notes after class. (课后重读你的笔记)”可知，本段建议重读笔记，后文“This tests your understanding of the material in a way that ensures you’ve really grasped (理解) the meaning. (这是在测试你对材料的理解，以确保你真正掌握了意思)”解释某种做法的好处和目的，因此E项“Rereading can help you to rewrite your notes in a better way. (重读可以帮助你更好地重写笔记)”符合语境，解释重读的好处，引出后文，后文的This指代其中的to rewrite your notes in a better way。故选E。
第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 完形填空(共15小题，每小题1分，共15分)
I believe I had the perfect life. Because I was about to ____46____ my high school, and on my way to college, I had great friends and a loving family. There was nothing missing. But I spoke too soon.
It was around 9:25 a.m. that I heard the news that would ____47____ my life forever. My brother Zach had been in a car accident. He fought for five days before he ____48____. That day, I became an only child. I felt extremely ____49____
After Zach’s death, I found ____50____ in food. I ate, then I slept, then I ate again. I couldn’t cry. I could hardly feel anything, and I was ____51____. I stopped building relationships for fear that they would end just as suddenly as Zach’s life. Also, I became nervous about any potentially ____52____ situations — driving late at night — but I couldn’t express this fear of life because I wanted to be strong for my parents. I saw my parents’ ____53____ worse than mine because of the losing of their son. I didn’t want them to ____54____ me. I also experienced a lot of _____55_____, because I was angry about why the sadness had happened to me, and I never escape from this emotion.
Now, it has been nearly five years since Zach’s death. I don’t _____56_____ life anymore: I face it bravely. I_____57_____ my friendships and began socializing more. I even share Zach’s story with people around me. Although my new friends never met him, they know about Zach.
One lesson I learned from losing my brother was never to be _____58_____ to say, “I love you.” I loved my brother, but it was too late to _____59_____ it loudly. The last time I remember telling my brother I loved him was when he was dying. Don’t make this _____60_____ like me.
46.
A. admit B. finish C. approach D. determine
47.
A. regret B. change C. beautify D. ignore
48.
A. took away B. gave away C. passed away D. flew away
49.
A. lonely B. tired C. bored D. nervous
50.
A. interest B. benefit C. improvement D. relief
51.
A. funny B. hopeful C. patient D. senseless
52.
A. difficult B. particular C. dangerous D. tense
53.
A pain B. discouragement C. willingness D. memory
54.
A. think about B. dream about C. talk about D. care about
55.
A. surprise B. anger C. disappointment D. doubt
56
A. damage B. choose C. fear D. leave
57.
A. produced B. rebuilt C. communicated D. raised
58.
A. stubborn B. satisfied C. brave D. afraid
59.
A. explore B. express C. spread D. pray
60.
A. mistake B. opinion C. explanation D. difference
【答案】46. B 47. B 48. C 49. A 50. D 51. D 52. C 53. A 54. D 55. B 56. C 57. B 58. D 59. B 60. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者的弟弟因车祸离世，作者经历了痛苦与成长，并明白了不要害怕向自己的家人说“我爱你”这个道理。
【46题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为我即将高中毕业，在我上大学的路上，我有很好的朋友和一个充满爱的家庭。A.admit承认，准许进入；B. finish完成；C. approach靠近；D. determine决定。根据下文“on my way to college”可知，作者即将完成高中学业，进入大学。故选B。
【47题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：大约早上九点二十五分，我听到一个永远改变我生活的消息。A. regret后悔；B. change改变；C. beautify使美化；D. ignore忽视。根据下文“My brother Zach had been in a car accident.”和“ That day, I became an only child.”可知，弟弟因车祸去世，作者成了家里唯一的孩子，他的生活被改变了。故选B。
【48题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：他出事五天以后去世了。A. took away带走；B. gave away泄露；C. passed away去世；D. flew away飞走。根据下文“That day, I became an only child.”可推知，弟弟五天后去世了。故选C。
【49题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我感到非常的寂寞。A. lonely寂寞的；B. tired疲倦的；C. bored厌烦的；D. nervous紧张的。根据上文“I became an only child.”可知，弟弟去世后作者成了家里唯一的孩子，所以会感到寂寞，故选A。
【50题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：扎克死后，我从食物中寻找解脱。A. interest兴趣；B. benefit利益，好处；C. improvement改善；D. relief宽慰，解脱。根据下文“ I ate, then I slept, then I ate again. I couldn’t cry.”可知，弟弟去世后，作者通过不停吃东西来寻求宽慰和解脱。故选D。
【51题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我几乎不能感觉到任何东西，没有意识。A. funny有趣的；B. hopeful有希望的；C. patient有耐心的；D. senseless无意识的。根据上文“I could hardly feel anything”可知，作者感觉不到任何东西，没有意识。故选D。
【52题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：此外，我对任何潜在的危险情况都感到紧张——深夜开车——但我无法表达这种对生活的恐惧，因为我想为我的父母坚强起来。A. difficult困难的；B. particular特别的；C. dangerous危险的；D. tense紧张的，拉紧的。结合上文弟弟是在车祸中去世和下文“driving late at night”可推知，作者对任何潜在的，与开车相关的危险情况都感到紧张。故选C。
【53题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我看到父母因为失去儿子而比我更痛苦。A. pain痛苦；B. discouragement泄气；C. willingness乐意；D. memory记忆。根据常识和句中“because of the losing of their son”可知，父母失去儿子是痛苦的。故选A。
【54题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我不想让他们担心我。A. think about考虑；B. dream about梦想；C. talk about谈论某事；D. care about关心，担心。根据上文可知，父母本身就很痛苦，所以作者不想让父母再花时间来关心自己。故选D。
【55题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我也经历了很多愤怒，因为我很生气为什么悲伤会发生在我身上，我从来没有摆脱过这种情绪。A. surprise惊奇；B. anger愤怒；C. disappointment失望；D. doubt怀疑。根据下文“because I was angry about why the sadness had happened to me”可知，作者对自己的不幸遭遇感到很愤怒。故选B。
【56题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不再害怕生活。A. damage破坏；B. choose选择；C. fear害怕；D. leave离开。根据下文“I fact it bravely”可知，作者不再害怕生活，而是勇敢面对。故选C。
【57题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我重建友谊，开始社交。A. produced生产；B. rebuilt重建；C. communicated交流；D. raised提高。根据下文“and began socializing more.”可知，作者重新开始社交，重新开始交朋友。故选B。
【58题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从失去弟弟这件事上我得到一个教训：不要害怕给家人说我爱你。A. stubborn固执的；B. satisfied满意的；C. brave勇敢的；D. afraid害怕的。根据上文“One lesson I learned”和下文“ I loved my brother, but it was too late”可推知，作者得到的教训是不要害怕对家人说我爱你。故选D。
【59题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我爱我的弟弟，但是大声表达出来已经太迟了。A. explore探索；B. express表达；C. spread扩散；D. pray祈祷。根据上文“to say, “I love you.””和下文“loudly”可知，作者说的是表达对弟弟的爱。故选B。
【60题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：不要像我一样犯这样的错误。A. mistake错误；B. opinion看法；C. explanation解释；D. difference不同。根据上文“it was too late”和下文“like me”可知，作者觉得自己没有及时表达对弟弟的爱，犯了错误，所以希望别人不要像自己一样犯错。故选A。
第二节 语法填空(10小题，每小题15分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
It was Mother’s Day morning last year. My five-year-old son, Tenyson, and I _____61_____ (leave) the supermarket after shopping when an old woman fell over at the entrance and hit her head on the ground. Her husband was with her, but the woman was _____62_____ (serious) hurt and shaking with pain. At the first sight, my son is full of _____63_____ (curious).
At the front of the supermarket a charity (慈善) group was selling flowers to raise funds. Tedyson suggested that we should buy the lady a flower. “It’s just like we give her _____64_____ hand and it will make _____65_____ (she) feel better.” he said. I was amazed that he’d come up _____66_____ such a sweet idea. So we went to the flower seller to buy a flower for the lady.
By then rescuers had arrived, and were attending the _____67_____ (injure) woman. As we walked up to her, my son became frightened by all the blood and medical equipment, which is beyond description. He said he was so afraid that he had trouble _____68_____ (go) up to her. That was why he asked me for help.
Instead, I gave the flower to the woman’s husband and told him, “My son was very upset for your wife and bought her this flower to cheer her up.” At that moment, the old man was moved add said, “Thank you so much, you have a good son. Happy Mother’s Day to you.”
The man then gave his wife the flower, _____69_____ (tell) her who it was from. _______70_______ badly hurt, the old lady looked up at Tenyson with thanks in her eyes and gave him a little smile.
【答案】61. were leaving
62. seriously
63. curiosity
64. a 65. her
66. with 67. injured
68. going 69. telling
70. Although##Though##While
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了作者在母亲节这天和她的儿子在超市购物，遇到一位老人摔倒，作者的儿子想通过买花鼓励那位老人的故事。
【61题详解】
考查固定句型。句意：我五岁的儿子特尼森和我购物后正要离开超市，这时一位老妇人在入口处摔倒了，头撞在了地上。…be doing sth. when…为固定句型，意为“正要做某事的时候，突然……”，主句中用进行时态，主语是My five-year-old son, Tenyson, and I两个人，be用复数形式were 。故填were leaving。
【62题详解】
考查副词。句意：她的丈夫和她在一起，但她受了重伤，痛得浑身发抖。修饰谓语动词was hurt，应用副词seriously，意为“严重地”，作状语。故填seriously。
【63题详解】
考查名词。句意：第一眼看到，我的儿子充满了好奇。提示词作宾语，用名词curiosity，意为“好奇”，不可数名词。故填curiosity。
【64题详解】
考查冠词。句意：他说：“这就像我们帮助她，会让她感觉好一些。” give sb. a hand是固定短语，意为“给某人帮助”。故填a。
【65题详解】
考查代词。句意：他说：“这就像我们帮助她，会让她感觉好一些。”提示词作宾语，用宾格代词her。故填her。
【66题详解】
考查介词。句意：我很惊讶他能想出这么好的主意。come up with为固定短语，意为“想出”。故填with。
【67题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这时救援人员已经赶到，他们正在救治受伤的妇女。提示词修饰名词woman，用形容词injured作定语，意为“受伤的”。故填injured。
【68题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：他说他太害怕了，不敢走近她。have trouble (in) doing...是固定搭配，意为“做某事有困难”，用动名词作宾语。故填going。
【69题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：然后男人把花给了他的妻子，告诉她是谁送的。“(tell) her who it was from”作伴随状语，tell是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语The man之间是主动关系，用现在分词表主动。故填telling。
【70题详解】
考查让步状语从句。句意：句意：老太太虽然伤得很重，但她抬头看着丁尼生，眼睛里充满了感谢，并对他微微一笑。根据句意可知，“伤得很重”和“抬头看着丁尼生”之间有转折关系，应用从属连词although，though或者while引导让步状语从句。故填Although/Though/While。
第四部分 完成句子(10小题，每小题2分，共20分)
71. Nowadays more and more companies ________ ________ (依赖于) short videos to sell their products.(根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】 ①. depend ②. on
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语。句意：现在越来越多的公司依靠短视频来销售他们的产品。根据汉语提示可知，此处使用动词短语depend on，根据nowadays可知，应用一般现在时，主语为more and more companies，谓语用原形。故填depend on。
72. We're really ____ (期望) seeing you again. （根据汉语提示完成句子）
【答案】looking forward to
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：我们十分期待再次与你相见。根据汉语提示“期望”可知短语为look forward to，结合上文We're可知为现在进行时。故填looking forward to。
73. We ________ ________ ________ go down the hill ________ (刚要……突然) suddenly it began to rain. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】 ①. were ②. about ③. to ④. when
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型。句意：我们正准备下山，突然下起雨来了。be about to do sth. when…为固定句型，意为“刚要做某事，突然……”，根据状语从句中的谓语began可知，应用一般过去时。故空格1填were；空格2 填about；空格3 填to；空格4填when。
74. We just need to remember that AI first and foremost extends and enhances what it means to be human and ________ ________ (尤其，特别) our problem-solving abilities. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】 ①. in ②. particular
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：我们只需要记住，人工智能首先扩展和增强了人类的意义，特别是我们解决问题的能力。空格处作状语，根据汉语提示“尤其，特别”是固定短语in particular。故空格1填in；空格2填particular。
75. On the first day of high school, he stood by the door with ________ ________ ________ ________ (紧张不安地). (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】 ①. butterflies ②. in ③. his ④. stomach
【解析】
【详解】考查with的复合结构。句意：高中第一天，他紧张不安地站在门口。“紧张不安地”译为butterflies in one’s stomach，名词butterflies作介词with的宾语，介词短语in one’s stomach作宾语补足语，one’s用形容性物主代词his。故填①butterflies；②in；③his；④stomach。
76. She died shortly after the diagnosis (诊断), ________ ________ (留下，抛弃) her husband and two small children. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】 ①. leaving ②. behind
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语和非谓语动词。句意：她在确诊后不久就去世了，留下了丈夫和两个年幼的孩子。“留下，抛弃”用动词短语leave behind表示，是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语She之间是主动关系，用现在分词表主动，作状语。故填leaving；behind。
77. Do some relaxation to help you ________ ________ (冷静下来) before you step into the house. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】 ①. calm ②. down
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语。句意：在你走进房子之前，做一些放松来帮助你冷静下来。“冷静下来”用动词短语calm down表示，help sb. do...是固定搭配，可用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。故填calm down。
78. The British prefer to read newspapers ________ ________ (而不是) have a conversation with strangers. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】 ①. rather ②. than
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型。句意：英国人喜欢看报纸而不喜欢和陌生人交谈。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用固定句型prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.表示“宁愿做某事而不愿做某事”。故填rather than。
79. The palace was built between 1406 and 1420, but was ________ ________ (烧毁), rebuilt and renovated (翻新) countless times. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】 ①. burned##burnt ②. down
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语和语态。句意：这座宫殿建于1406年至1420年之间，但被烧毁、重建和翻新了无数次。“烧毁”是分句中谓语，用动词短语burn down表示，与主语The palace之间是被动关系，用过去分词burned或burnt与助动词was构成一般过去时的被动语态。故填burned/burnt；down。
80. From what you said, she ________ ________ ________ (一定告诉了) you all about it yesterday. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】 ①. must ②. have ③. told
【解析】
【详解】考查情态动词和动词。句意：从你所说的来看，她昨天一定把一切都告诉你了。结合“yesterday”可知，可用must have done表示“一定已经做过某事”，表示对过去发生的事情的推断；结合“you all about it”可知，“告诉”应用动词tell，tell sb. about sth.表示“告诉某人关于某事”，tell需用过去分词的形式。故填①must；②have；③told。
第五部分 应用文写作(满分20分)
81. 假设你是中学生李华，你的朋友Rebecca最近和父母关系紧张，发邮件向你询问如何改善与父母的关系。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括：
(1) 写信目的;
(2) 提出建议并说明理由;
(3) 表达美好希望。
注意：
(1) 词数80左右;
(2) 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Rebecca,
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Rebecca,
I’m worried when receiving your letter saying that you’re suffering from a tense relationship with your parents. Here is my personal advice on how to improve it.
Firstly, you’d better talk to your parents regularly, explaining your actions and feelings calmly, listening carefully and addressing their concerns. Besides, when you can’t see eye to eye with them, remember to put yourself in your parents’ shoes, which will help you understand the situation from their point of view.
I hope these suggestions will be helpful and everything will turn out all right in the end. Looking forward to hearing from you.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生对于你的朋友Rebecca最近和父母关系紧张，发邮件向你询问如何改善与父母的关系这一情况，给他回复一封邮件。
【详解】1.词汇积累
担心的：worried→ concerned
此外：Besides → What’s more
建议：advice→ suggestion
提高，改善：improve→ enhance
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句： I hope these suggestions will be helpful and everything will turn out all right in the end.
拓展句： I hope these suggestions will be helpful so that everything will turn out all right in the end.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Besides, when you can’t see eye to eye with them, remember to put yourself in your parents’ shoes, which will help you understand the situation from their point of view.（运用了连词when引导的时间状语从句以及关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句。）
【高分句型2】 Firstly, you’d better talk to your parents regularly, explaining your actions and feelings calmly, listening carefully and addressing their concerns.（运用了非谓语动词中的现在分词作状语。）
