树德中学高2021级高三上期期末测试英语试题
(全卷满分 150 分，考试时间 120 分钟)
第 I 卷(选择题，共 100 分)
第一部分 听力部分(共两节，满分 30 分)
第一节(共 5 小题;每小题 1.5 分，满分 7.5 分)
听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt
A. 19.15. B. 9.18. C. 9.15.
答案是 C。
1. What does the man do
A. A shop assistant. B. A hotel receptionist. C. A computer technician.
2. Where does the conversation take place
A. At the grocer’s. B. At the cleaner’s. C. At the tailor’s.
3. How did the speaker come to Seattle
A. By train. B. By car. C. By plane.
4. What will the speakers have for dinner today
A. Fried rice. B. Steak. C. Noodles.
5. How is Sophie feeling now
A. Confused. B. Disappointed C. Worried.
第二节 (共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或读白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What does the man want to do before noon
A. Write an email. B. Make a card. C. Post a letter.
7. Whose birthday is it
A. Richard’s. B. Vera’s. C. Sarah’s.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. What course does Professor Brooks teach
A. European History. B. Public Speaking. C. English Literature.
9. Why does Vicky come to talk with Professor Brooks
A. To ask for a make-up test. B. To sign up for his course. C. To discuss her homework.
听第8段材料，回答第10至13题。
10. What does Linda do for plays and shows
A. She gives actors advice. B. She assigns roles to actors. C. She designs actors’ clothes.
11 What does Linda need to research
A. The names of the characters. B. The decoration of the stage. C. The setting of the story.
12. Who does Linda report her work to
A. The editor. B. The director. C. The photographer.
13. What does Linda say about her job
A. It pays very well. B. It involves frequent travel. C. It requires team effort.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14. What does Kevin think of abstract art
A It has lasting artistic value. B. It appeals mainly to children. C. It makes little sense to him.
15. What impression did the first painting give the woman
A. Hopefulness. B. Coldness. C. Nervousness.
16. What color was used for the background in the second painting
A. Purple. B. Green. C. Red.
17. What will Kevin probably do this Saturday
A. Visit an exhibition. B. Attend an art class. C. Buy an abstract painting.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. What caused the closure of Pittwater Road
A. A fallen tree. B. A car accident. C. A flooded river.
19. What happened at Town Hall Station
A. The station roof was broken. B. A passenger went missing. C. A police officer got hurt.
20. What are road users advised to do
A. Drive at low speed. B. Follow traffic signs. C. Postpone their trips.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分 37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
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Well, it has no ads or promotions inside instead it is jam-packed with serious ideas. TOKNOW makes complex ideas attractive and accessible to children, who can become involved in advanced concepts and even philosophy-and they will soon discover that TOKNOW feels more like a club than just a magazine.
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1. Why is TOKNOW a special magazine
A. It entertains young parents. B. It combines fun with complex concepts
C. It publishes popular science fictions D. It provides serious advertisements
2. What does TOKNOW offer its readers
A. Articles on new topics B. Online courses
C. Lectures on a balanced life D. Reports on scientific discoveries
3. How much should you pay if you make a 12-mounth subscription to TOKNOW with gift pack from China
A. ￡55 B. ￡60 C. ￡65 D. ￡70
B
On September 7, 1991, the costliest hailstorm (雹暴) in Canadian history hit Calgary’s southern suburbs. As a result, since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2 million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project. Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones. But farmers in east-central Alberta — downwind of the hail project flights — worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.
Norman Stienwand, who farms in that area, has been addressing public meetings on this issue for years. “Basically, the provincial government is letting the insurance companies protect the Calgary-Edmonton urban area from hail,” Mr. Stienwand says, “but they’re increasing drought risk as far east as Saskatchewan.”
The Alberta hail project is managed by Terry Krauss, a cloud physicist who works for Weather Modification Inc. of Fargo, North Dakota. “We affect only a very small percentage of the total moisture in the air, so we cannot be causing drought.” Dr. Krauss says. “In fact, we may be helping increase the moisture downwind by creating wetter ground.”
One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell, a research scientist who just retired from the University of Oklahoma. “In 1999, I personally saw significant tornadoes form from a seeded storm cell in Kansas,” Dr. Doswell says. “Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind No one really knows, of course, but the seeding goes on.”
Given the degree of doubt, Mr. Stienwand suggests, “It would be wise to stop cloud seeding.” In practice, doubt has had the opposite effect. Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts, no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies. Hence, private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety.
4. What does the project aim to do
A. Conserve moisture in the soil. B. Forecast disastrous hailstorms.
C. Prevent the formation of hailstones. D. Investigate chemical use in farming.
5. Who are opposed to the project
A. Managers of insurance companies. B. Farmers in east-central Alberta.
C. Provincial government officials. D. Residents of Calgary and Edmonton.
6. Why does Dr. Doswell mention the tornadoes he saw in 1999
A. To compare different kinds of seeding methods. B. To illustrate the development of big hailstorms.
C. To show the link between storms and moisture. D. To indicate a possible danger of cloud seeding.
7. What can we infer from the last paragraph
A. Scientific studies have proved Stienwand right. B. Cloud-seeding companies will continue to exist.
C. The doubt about cloud seeding has disappeared. D. Private climate engineering is illegal in Canada.
C
The Stanford marshmallow (棉花糖) test was originally conducted by psychologist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s. Children aged four to six at a nursery school were placed in a room. A single sugary treat, selected by the child, was placed on a table. Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat, they would be given a second treat. Then they were left alone in the room. Follow-up studies with the children later in life showed a connection between an ability to wait long enough to obtain a second treat and various forms of success.
As adults we face a version of the marshmallow test every day. We’re not tempted by sugary treats, but by our computers, phones, and tablets — all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers.
We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world, and our brains developed a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value — a feeling of reward and satisfaction. But as we’ve reshaped the world around us, dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn’t eat.
A similar process is at work in our response to information. Our formative environment as a species was information-poor, so our brains developed a mechanism that prized new information. But global connectivity has greatly changed our information environment. We are now ceaselessly bombarded (轰炸) with new information. Therefore, just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric consumption, we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption, resisting the temptation of the mental “junk food” in order to manage our time most effectively.
8. What did the children need to do to get a second treat in Mischel’s test
A. Take an examination alone. B. Share their treats with others.
C. Delay eating for fifteen minutes. D. Show respect for the researchers.
9. According to Paragraph 3, there is a mismatch between_______.
A. the calorie-poor world and our good appetites B. the shortage of sugar and our nutritional needs
C. the tempting foods and our efforts to keep fit D. the rich food supply and our unchanged brains
10. What does the author suggest readers do
A. Be selective information consumers. B. Absorb new information readily.
C. Use diverse information sources. D. Protect the information environment.
11. Which of the following is the best title for the text
A. Eat Less, Read More B. The Later, the Better
C The Marshmallow Test for Grownups D. The Bitter Truth about Early Humans
D
Mark Twain has been called the inventor of the American novel. And he surely deserves additional praise: the man who popularized the clever literary attack on racism.
I say clever because anti-slavery fiction had been the important part of the literature in the years before the Civil War. H. B. Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin is only the most famous example. These early stories dealt directly with slavery. With minor exceptions, Twain planted his attacks on slavery and prejudice into tales that were on the surface about something else entirely. He drew his readers into the argument by drawing them into the story.
Again and again, in the postwar years, Twain seemed forced to deal with the challenge of race. Consider the most controversial, at least today, of Twain’s novels, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Only a few books have been kicked off the shelves as often as Huckleberry Finn, Twain’s most widely read tale. Once upon a time, people hated the book because it struck them as rude. Twain himself wrote that those who banned the book considered the novel “trash and suitable only for the slums (贫民窟).” More recently the book has been attacked because of the character Jim, the escaped slave, and many occurrences of the word nigger. (The term Nigger Jim, for which the novel is often severely criticized, never appears in it. )
But the attacks were and are silly — and miss the point. The novel is strongly anti-slavery. Jim’s search through the slave states for the family from whom he has been forcibly parted is heroic. As J. Chadwick has pointed out, the character of Jim was a first in American fiction — a recognition that the slave had two personalities, “the voice of survival within a white slave culture and the voice of the individual: Jim, the father and the man.”
There is much more. Twain’s mystery novel Pudd’nhead Wilson stood as a challenge to the racial beliefs of even many of the liberals of his day. Written at a time when the accepted wisdom held Negroes to be inferior (低等的) to whites, especially in intelligence, Twain’s tale centered in part around two babies switched at birth. A slave gave birth to her master’s baby and, for fear that the child should be sold South, switched him for the master’s baby by his wife. The slave’s light-skinned child was taken to be white and grew up with both the attitudes and the education of the slave-holding class. The master’s wife’s baby was taken for black and grew up with the attitudes and intonations of the slave.
The point was difficult to miss: nurture (养育), not nature, was the key to social status. The features of the black man that provided the stuff of prejudice — manner of speech, for example — were, to Twain, indicative of nothing other than the conditioning that slavery forced on its victims.
Twain’s racial tone was not perfect. One is left uneasy, for example, by the lengthy passage in his autobiography about how much he loved what were called “nigger shows” in his youth — mostly with white men performing in black-face — and his delight in getting his mother to laugh at them. Yet there is no reason to think Twain saw the shows as representing reality. His frequent attacks on slavery and prejudice suggest his keen awareness that they did not.
Was Twain a racist Asking the question in the 21st century is as wise as asking the same of Lincoln. If we read the words and attitudes of the past through the “wisdom” of the considered moral judgments of the present, we will find nothing but error. Lincoln, who believed the black man the inferior of the white, fought and won a war to free him. And Twain, raised in a slave state, briefly a soldier, and inventor of Jim, may have done more to anger the nation over racial injustice and awaken its collective conscience than any other novelist in the past century.
12. How do Twain’s novels on slavery differ from Stowe’s
A. Twain was more willing to deal with racism.
B. Twain was openly concerned with racism.
C. Twain’s themes seemed to agree with the plots.
D. Twain’s attack on racism was much less open.
13. What best proves Twain’s anti-slavery stand according to the author
A. Jim grew up into a man and a father in the white culture.
B. The slave’s voice was first heard in American novels.
C. Twain suspected that the slaves were less intelligent.
D. Jim’s search for his family was described in detail.
14. What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 7 refer to
A. The attacks. B. The shows. C. White men. D. Slavery and prejudice.
15. What does the author mainly argue for
A. Twain’s works had been banned on unreasonable grounds.
B. Twain’s works should be read from a historical point of view.
C. Twain was an admirable figure comparable to Abraham Lincoln.
D. Twain had done more than his contemporary writers to attack racism.
第二节 (共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分 12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Children love getting dirty. ____16____ But getting muddy could have a powerful effect on their wellbeing, too.
“Don’t get dirty!” was once a constant family warning, as parents despairingly watched their children spoil their best clothes. Whether they were running through farmers’ fields, climbing trees or catching tadpoles, it was inevitable that children’s whites would turn brown before the day was over.
Today, many parents may secretly wish their children had the chance to pick up a bit of dirt. With the rise of urbanism, and the temptation of video games and social media, contact with nature is much rarer than in the past. ____17____
What is gained in laundry bills may be lost in the child’s wellbeing. According to recent research, the dirt outside is teaming with friendly microorganisms. ____18____
Many of the psychological benefits of outdoor play are already well established. Natural scenes provide the perfect level of stimulation, which is thought to help recharge the brain when it is tired and easily distractible. Supporting this theory, one study from 2009 found that children with ADHD (多动症) were better able to concentrate following a 20-minute walk in the park, compared to a 20-minute walk on the streets of a well-kept urban area. ____19____ The authors recommended using such “doses of nature” as a safe and accessible way of supporting children with ADHD, alongside other tools.
____20____ For example, the act of mudding and kneading materials like mud or sand can help children develop the way their senses and movement interact, known as sensorimotor development. This allows the child to gradually understand his or her bodily signals.
A. For many, there is simply no opportunity to get muddy.
B. Being close to grass and trees seemed to have had a beneficial effect on their minds.
C. Besides these restorative effects, outdoor play can offer valuable learning experiences.
D. They are drawn to puddles like muddy magnets, with no regard for footwear or the color of their clothing.
E. As for the child’s physical health, the most obvious advantage of outdoor play may be the exercise.
F. People who grow up on farms are less likely to develop asthma, allergies, or auto-immune disorders.
G. They can train the immune system and build resilience to a range of illnesses, including allergies and asthma.
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
We have all heard how time is more valuable than money, but is it ____21____ to have too much
I____22____back in high school I spent most of my day at school since I also ____23____a team sport. By the time I got home, I only had a few hours to do my homework, and I had to do it ____24____.
When I got into college, things ____25____. I suddenly found myself out of class before noon time. Because of all this ____26____time, there was no sense of ____27____ to do my school work immediately. I was performing this action of waiting until it later became a ____28____. Once that happened, I just kept ____29____ my studying further and further back in my day. Then I got to the point where I was ____30____really late at night to get my work done.
One day I ____31____ a former classmate of mine who was ____32____a lot of money running a sideline (副业). Since his regular job was ____33____, I asked him why he just didn’t do his sideline full-time. He said without the job, he would ____34____ have too much time and would just do what I did back in ____35____. He said that if he ____36____the job, he would lose his ____37____ to work and succeed.
So, try ____38____ your time with other work. This is why there is a ____39____ that if you want something done, ask a ____40____ person to do it.
21.
A. true B. fair C. strange D. possible
22.
A. admit B. remember C. understand D. expect
23.
A. played B. loved C. coached D. watched
24.
A at last B. right away C. of course D. as usual
25.
A. happened B. repeated C. mattered D. changed
26.
A. difficult B. extra C. valuable D. limited
27.
A. duty B. direction C. urgency D. achievement
28.
A. burden B. relief C. risk D. habit
29.
A. setting B. taking C. pushing D. calling
30.
A. staying up B. hanging out C. jogging round D. showing off
31.
A. treated B. helped C. met D. hired
32.
A. raising B. wasting C. demanding D. making
33.
A. safe B. important C. boring D. rewarding
34.
A. luckily B. hardly C. hopefully D. simply
35.
A. college B. childhood C. town D. business
36
A. found B. quit C. accepted D. kept
37.
A. heart B. chance C. drive D. way
38.
A. filling up B. saving C. giving up D. trading
39.
A. saying B. story C. message D. fact
40.
A. busy B. careful C. reliable D. kind
第II卷(50分)
第三部分 语言知识运用
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The shelves in most supermarkets are full of family-size this and multi-buy that. However, if you’re shopping for one, buying extra ____41____ (benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense. Either your shopping is then too heavy to carry home ____42____ you can’t use what you’ve bought while it’s still fresh.
Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way ____43____ will make them the most money. If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that’s ____44____ they’ll promote. But that leaves the solo (单独) customers out of pocket and disappointed.
Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the ____45____ (criticize) that they lead to waste. Consumers prefer money off individual items. However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes ____46____ (offer) in smaller packs. Even the biggest sausage fan doesn’t want to eat them every day.
If your supermarket sells loose produce, then buying smaller quantities is easier. Over the last two years, some supermarkets ____47____ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs ____48____ (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份). Then, when you use one section, ____49____ other stays fresh.
Who knows, perhaps some of the more forward-looking ____50____ (one) may yet come out with a whole range of “just for you” pack sizes with special offers as well.
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
51. 文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及修改均仅限一词。
2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
It has proved by scientists using hidden cameras that when only one or two people ride in a lift, they usually lean against on the walls. If four people are aboard, they usually moved towards the four corners. So, when the population reaches five and six people, everyone begins to obey more formal rules of lift etiquette. They all turn to face the door. “They get taller and thin,” as a professor describes it. “Hand and purses hang down in front of their bodies. They mustn’t touch each other in any way if the lift is crowded and then only lightly at the shoulder or the upper arm. Also there are a behavior to look upward at the floor indicator. If they speak, it is definitely in the low voice.”
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
52. 随着科技的发展，部分学生对书写的重视程度不够。学校英文报就此做了一项调查。请使用图表中的调查结果写一篇120字左右短文投稿，内容包括：
1. 描述调查情况；
2. 简单评论；
3. 你的建议。
注意：文章开头已给出。
With the development of science and technology, some students are paying less attention to their handwriting. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
听力答案：1-5 CBCBC 6-10 CBAAC 11-15 CBCCB 16-20 BABAC树德中学高2021级高三上期期末测试英语试题
(全卷满分 150 分，考试时间 120 分钟)
第 I 卷(选择题，共 100 分)
第一部分 听力部分(共两节，满分 30 分)
第一节(共 5 小题;每小题 1.5 分，满分 7.5 分)
听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt
A. 19.15. B. 9.18. C. 9.15.
答案是 C。
1. What does the man do
A. A shop assistant. B. A hotel receptionist. C. A computer technician.
2. Where does the conversation take place
A. At the grocer’s. B. At the cleaner’s. C. At the tailor’s.
3. How did the speaker come to Seattle
A. By train. B. By car. C. By plane.
4. What will the speakers have for dinner today
A. Fried rice. B. Steak. C. Noodles.
5. How is Sophie feeling now
A. Confused. B. Disappointed C. Worried.
第二节 (共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或读白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What does the man want to do before noon
A. Write an email. B. Make a card. C. Post a letter.
7. Whose birthday is it
A. Richard’s. B. Vera’s. C. Sarah’s.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. What course does Professor Brooks teach
A. European History. B. Public Speaking. C. English Literature.
9. Why does Vicky come to talk with Professor Brooks
A. To ask for a make-up test. B. To sign up for his course. C. To discuss her homework.
听第8段材料，回答第10至13题。
10. What does Linda do for plays and shows
A. She gives actors advice. B. She assigns roles to actors. C. She designs actors’ clothes.
11. What does Linda need to research
A. The names of the characters. B. The decoration of the stage. C. The setting of the story.
12. Who does Linda report her work to
A. The editor. B. The director. C. The photographer.
13. What does Linda say about her job
A. It pays very well. B. It involves frequent travel. C. It requires team effort.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14. What does Kevin think of abstract art
A. It has lasting artistic value. B. It appeals mainly to children. C. It makes little sense to him.
15. What impression did the first painting give the woman
A. Hopefulness. B. Coldness. C. Nervousness.
16. What color was used for the background in the second painting
A. Purple. B. Green. C. Red.
17. What will Kevin probably do this Saturday
A. Visit an exhibition. B. Attend an art class. C. Buy an abstract painting.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. What caused the closure of Pittwater Road
A. A fallen tree. B. A car accident. C. A flooded river.
19. What happened at Town Hall Station
A. The station roof was broken. B. A passenger went missing. C. A police officer got hurt.
20. What are road users advised to do
A. Drive at low speed. B. Follow traffic signs. C. Postpone their trips.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分 37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Inspiring young minds！
TOKNOW Magazine is a big hit in the world of children’s publishing, bringing a unique combination of challenging ideas and good fun to young fans every month.
What is so special about TOKNOW magazine
Well, it has no ads or promotions inside instead it is jam-packed with serious ideas. TOKNOW makes complex ideas attractive and accessible to children, who can become involved in advanced concepts and even philosophy-and they will soon discover that TOKNOW feels more like a club than just a magazine.
What's inside
Every month the magazine introduces a fresh new topic with articles, experiments and creative things to make the magazine also explores philosophy and well-being to make sure young readers have a balanced take on life.
Sounds too good to be true
Take a look online—evidence shows that thousands of teachers and parents know a good thing when they see it and recommend TOKNOW to their friends.
Happy Birthday All Year！
What could be more fun than a gift that keeps coming through the letterbox every month The first magazine with your gift message will arrive in time for the special day.
SUBSCRIBE NOW
Annual Subscription(订阅)
Europe ￡55 Rest of world ￡65
Annual Subscription with Gift Pack
Includes a Mammoth Map, a passport Puzzle Booklet, and Subscription
Europe ￡60 Rest of World ￡70
Refund Policy-the subscription can be canceled within 28 days and you can get your money back.
1. Why is TOKNOW a special magazine
A. It entertains young parents. B. It combines fun with complex concepts
C. It publishes popular science fictions D. It provides serious advertisements
2. What does TOKNOW offer its readers
A. Articles on new topics B. Online courses
C. Lectures on a balanced life D. Reports on scientific discoveries
3. How much should you pay if you make a 12-mounth subscription to TOKNOW with gift pack from China
A. ￡55 B. ￡60 C. ￡65 D. ￡70
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了TOKNOW这本杂志的一些情况，介绍了内容特色、订阅价格等信息。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段Well, it has no ads or promotions inside instead it is jam-packed with serious ideas. TOKNOW makes complex ideas attractive and accessible to children, who can become involved in advanced concepts and even philosophy-and they will soon discover that TOKNOW feels more like a club than just a magazine.可知好吧，它没有广告或促销，而是充满了严肃的想法。《TOKNOW》使复杂的思想对孩子们具有吸引力和易懂性，他们可以参与先进的概念甚至哲学——他们很快就会发现《TOKNOW》感觉更像一个俱乐部，而不只是一本杂志。由此可知，TOKNOW是一本特别的杂志，因为它结合了复杂的概念和乐趣。故选B。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段Every month the magazine introduces a fresh new topic with articles, experiments and creative things to make the magazine also explores philosophy and well-being to make sure young readers have a balanced take on life.可知每个月，杂志都会推出新的主题，包括文章、实验和创意，让杂志同时探索哲学和幸福，以确保年轻读者对生活有一个均衡的了解。由此可知，TOKNOW为读者提供了关于新主题的文章。故选A。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Annual Subscription with Gift Pack部分中Europe ￡60 Rest of World ￡70可知欧洲￡60；世界其他地区￡70。由此可知，如果你订阅了一个12月的《TOKNOW》，并收到了来自中国的礼盒，你该付70英镑。故选D。
B
On September 7, 1991, the costliest hailstorm (雹暴) in Canadian history hit Calgary’s southern suburbs. As a result, since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2 million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project. Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones. But farmers in east-central Alberta — downwind of the hail project flights — worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.
Norman Stienwand, who farms in that area, has been addressing public meetings on this issue for years. “Basically, the provincial government is letting the insurance companies protect the Calgary-Edmonton urban area from hail,” Mr. Stienwand says, “but they’re increasing drought risk as far east as Saskatchewan.”
The Alberta hail project is managed by Terry Krauss, a cloud physicist who works for Weather Modification Inc. of Fargo, North Dakota. “We affect only a very small percentage of the total moisture in the air, so we cannot be causing drought.” Dr. Krauss says. “In fact, we may be helping increase the moisture downwind by creating wetter ground.”
One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell, a research scientist who just retired from the University of Oklahoma. “In 1999, I personally saw significant tornadoes form from a seeded storm cell in Kansas,” Dr. Doswell says. “Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind No one really knows, of course, but the seeding goes on.”
Given the degree of doubt, Mr. Stienwand suggests, “It would be wise to stop cloud seeding.” In practice, doubt has had the opposite effect. Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts, no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies. Hence, private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety.
4. What does the project aim to do
A. Conserve moisture in the soil. B. Forecast disastrous hailstorms.
C. Prevent the formation of hailstones. D. Investigate chemical use in farming.
5. Who are opposed to the project
A. Managers of insurance companies. B. Farmers in east-central Alberta.
C. Provincial government officials. D. Residents of Calgary and Edmonton.
6. Why does Dr. Doswell mention the tornadoes he saw in 1999
A. To compare different kinds of seeding methods. B. To illustrate the development of big hailstorms.
C. To show the link between storms and moisture. D. To indicate a possible danger of cloud seeding.
7. What can we infer from the last paragraph
A. Scientific studies have proved Stienwand right. B. Cloud-seeding companies will continue to exist.
C. The doubt about cloud seeding has disappeared. D. Private climate engineering is illegal in Canada.
【答案】4. C 5. B 6. D 7. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了1991年9月7日，加拿大历史上损失最大的冰雹袭击了卡尔加里的南郊。因此，自1996年以来，一组保险公司每年在艾伯塔省冰雹抑制项目上花费约200万美元。飞机在有威胁的风暴中心中播撒一种化学物质，使小冰晶在变成危险的冰雹之前像雨一样落下。但是，在艾伯塔省中东部的农民们担心，“冰雹计划”飞行的下风处，宝贵的水分正被人工降雨从他们干渴的土地上偷走。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“As a result, since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2 million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project. Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones.(因此，自1996年以来，一组保险公司每年在艾伯塔省冰雹抑制项目上花费约200万美元。飞机在有威胁风暴中心中播撒一种化学物质，使小冰晶在变成危险的冰雹之前像雨一样落下)”可知，这个项目的目标是防止冰雹的形成。故选C。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“But farmers in east-central Alberta — downwind of the hail project flights — worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.(但是，在艾伯塔省中东部的农民们担心，“冰雹计划”飞行的下风处，宝贵的水分正被人工降雨从他们干渴的土地上偷走)”可知，艾伯塔省中东部的农民反对这个项目。故选B。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell, a research scientist who just retired from the University of Oklahoma. “In 1999, I personally saw significant tornadoes form from a seeded storm cell in Kansas,” Dr. Doswell says. “Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind No one really knows, of course, but the seeding goes on.”(查克·多斯韦尔是一位刚刚从俄克拉何马大学退休的研究科学家，他对人工降雨的安全性持怀疑态度。“1999年，我在堪萨斯州亲眼目睹了由种子风暴细胞形成的重大龙卷风，”多斯韦尔博士说。“人工降雨会制造致命风暴还是减少顺风处的水分？当然，没有人真正知道，但是播种还在继续。”)”可推知，多斯韦尔博士提到他在1999年看到的龙卷风是为了提示人工降雨可能带来的危险。故选D。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Given the degree of doubt, Mr. Stienwand suggests, “It would be wise to stop cloud seeding.” In practice, doubt has had the opposite effect. Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts, no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies. Hence, private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety.(考虑到质疑的程度，斯廷旺德建议，“停止人工降雨是明智的。”在实践中，怀疑产生了相反的效果。由于缺乏有关其影响的科学证据，没有人成功地赢得了对人工降雨公司的诉讼。因此，私人气候工程可以在相对合法的安全条件下进行)”可推知，从最后一段我们能推断出人工降雨公司将继续存在。故选B。
C
The Stanford marshmallow (棉花糖) test was originally conducted by psychologist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s. Children aged four to six at a nursery school were placed in a room. A single sugary treat, selected by the child, was placed on a table. Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat, they would be given a second treat. Then they were left alone in the room. Follow-up studies with the children later in life showed a connection between an ability to wait long enough to obtain a second treat and various forms of success.
As adults we face a version of the marshmallow test every day. We’re not tempted by sugary treats, but by our computers, phones, and tablets — all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers.
We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world, and our brains developed a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value — a feeling of reward and satisfaction. But as we’ve reshaped the world around us, dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn’t eat.
A similar process is at work in our response to information. Our formative environment as a species was information-poor, so our brains developed a mechanism that prized new information. But global connectivity has greatly changed our information environment. We are now ceaselessly bombarded (轰炸) with new information. Therefore, just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric consumption, we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption, resisting the temptation of the mental “junk food” in order to manage our time most effectively.
8. What did the children need to do to get a second treat in Mischel’s test
A. Take an examination alone. B. Share their treats with others.
C. Delay eating for fifteen minutes. D. Show respect for the researchers.
9. According to Paragraph 3, there is a mismatch between_______.
A. the calorie-poor world and our good appetites B. the shortage of sugar and our nutritional needs
C. the tempting foods and our efforts to keep fit D. the rich food supply and our unchanged brains
10. What does the author suggest readers do
A. Be selective information consumers. B. Absorb new information readily.
C. Use diverse information sources. D. Protect the information environment.
11. Which of the following is the best title for the text
A. Eat Less, Read More B. The Later, the Better
C. The Marshmallow Test for Grownups D. The Bitter Truth about Early Humans
【答案】8. C 9. D 10. A 11. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。在信息化时代我们作为成年人每天都在面对棉花糖测试，信息轰炸让我们摄入了太多精神“垃圾食品”，文章对此进行了介绍。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat, they would be given a second treat.(每个孩子都被告知，如果他们在吃之前等待15分钟，他们将得到第二次奖励)”可知，在米歇尔的测试中，孩子们需要在吃之前等待15分钟才能得到第二次奖励。故选C。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“But as we’ve reshaped the world around us, dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn’t eat.(但是，当我们重塑了我们周围的世界，大大减少了获取卡路里的成本和努力时，我们的大脑仍然和几千年前一样，这种不匹配是我们这么多人努力抵抗我们知道不应该吃的诱人食物的核心原因)”可知，丰富的食物供应和我们不曾改变的大脑之间存在不匹配。故选D。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“Therefore, just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric consumption, we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption, resisting the temptation of the mental “junk food” in order to manage our time most effectively.(因此，就像我们需要更仔细地考虑我们的热量消耗一样，我们也需要更仔细地考虑我们的信息消耗，抵制精神“垃圾食品”的诱惑，以便最有效地管理我们的时间)”可知，作者建议读者做有选择性的信息消费者。故选A。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“As adults we face a version of the marshmallow test every day. We’re not tempted by sugary treats, but by our computers, phones, and tablets — all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers.(作为成年人，我们每天都要面对棉花糖测试。诱惑我们的不是甜食，而是我们的电脑、手机和平板电脑——所有这些将我们与全球信息传递系统连接起来的设备，它们对我们的作用就像棉花糖对学龄前儿童的作用一样)”结合文章主要是讲在信息化时代我们作为成年人每天都在面对棉花糖测试，信息轰炸让我们摄入了太多精神“垃圾食品”。由此可知，C选项“成人棉花糖测试”最符合文章标题。故选C。
D
Mark Twain has been called the inventor of the American novel. And he surely deserves additional praise: the man who popularized the clever literary attack on racism.
I say clever because anti-slavery fiction had been the important part of the literature in the years before the Civil War. H. B. Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin is only the most famous example. These early stories dealt directly with slavery. With minor exceptions, Twain planted his attacks on slavery and prejudice into tales that were on the surface about something else entirely. He drew his readers into the argument by drawing them into the story.
Again and again, in the postwar years, Twain seemed forced to deal with the challenge of race. Consider the most controversial, at least today, of Twain’s novels, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Only a few books have been kicked off the shelves as often as Huckleberry Finn, Twain’s most widely read tale. Once upon a time, people hated the book because it struck them as rude. Twain himself wrote that those who banned the book considered the novel “trash and suitable only for the slums (贫民窟).” More recently the book has been attacked because of the character Jim, the escaped slave, and many occurrences of the word nigger. (The term Nigger Jim, for which the novel is often severely criticized, never appears in it. )
But the attacks were and are silly — and miss the point. The novel is strongly anti-slavery. Jim’s search through the slave states for the family from whom he has been forcibly parted is heroic. As J. Chadwick has pointed out, the character of Jim was a first in American fiction — a recognition that the slave had two personalities, “the voice of survival within a white slave culture and the voice of the individual: Jim, the father and the man.”
There is much more. Twain’s mystery novel Pudd’nhead Wilson stood as a challenge to the racial beliefs of even many of the liberals of his day. Written at a time when the accepted wisdom held Negroes to be inferior (低等的) to whites, especially in intelligence, Twain’s tale centered in part around two babies switched at birth. A slave gave birth to her master’s baby and, for fear that the child should be sold South, switched him for the master’s baby by his wife. The slave’s light-skinned child was taken to be white and grew up with both the attitudes and the education of the slave-holding class. The master’s wife’s baby was taken for black and grew up with the attitudes and intonations of the slave.
The point was difficult to miss: nurture (养育), not nature, was the key to social status. The features of the black man that provided the stuff of prejudice — manner of speech, for example — were, to Twain, indicative of nothing other than the conditioning that slavery forced on its victims.
Twain’s racial tone was not perfect. One is left uneasy, for example, by the lengthy passage in his autobiography about how much he loved what were called “nigger shows” in his youth — mostly with white men performing in black-face — and his delight in getting his mother to laugh at them. Yet there is no reason to think Twain saw the shows as representing reality. His frequent attacks on slavery and prejudice suggest his keen awareness that they did not.
Was Twain a racist Asking the question in the 21st century is as wise as asking the same of Lincoln. If we read the words and attitudes of the past through the “wisdom” of the considered moral judgments of the present, we will find nothing but error. Lincoln, who believed the black man the inferior of the white, fought and won a war to free him. And Twain, raised in a slave state, briefly a soldier, and inventor of Jim, may have done more to anger the nation over racial injustice and awaken its collective conscience than any other novelist in the past century.
12. How do Twain’s novels on slavery differ from Stowe’s
A. Twain was more willing to deal with racism.
B. Twain was openly concerned with racism.
C. Twain’s themes seemed to agree with the plots.
D. Twain’s attack on racism was much less open.
13. What best proves Twain’s anti-slavery stand according to the author
A. Jim grew up into a man and a father in the white culture.
B. The slave’s voice was first heard in American novels.
C. Twain suspected that the slaves were less intelligent.
D. Jim’s search for his family was described in detail.
14. What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 7 refer to
A. The attacks. B. The shows. C. White men. D. Slavery and prejudice.
15. What does the author mainly argue for
A. Twain’s works had been banned on unreasonable grounds.
B. Twain’s works should be read from a historical point of view.
C. Twain was an admirable figure comparable to Abraham Lincoln.
D. Twain had done more than his contemporary writers to attack racism.
【答案】12. D 13. A 14. B 15. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章通过研究马克·吐温的作品，来判定他是否是一名种族主义者。作者列举了大量事实，说明了马克·吐温是名反对种族主义的斗士，反驳了别人那些错误的观点。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“H. B. Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin is only the most famous example. These early stories dealt directly with slavery. With minor exceptions, Twain planted his attacks on slavery and prejudice into tales that were on the surface about something else entirely. He drew his readers into the argument by drawing them into the story.(H. B.斯托的《汤姆叔叔的小屋》只是最著名的例子。这些早期故事直接与奴隶制有关。除了一些小的例外，吐温把他对奴隶制和偏见的攻击植入了一些表面上完全不同的故事中。他通过把读者引入故事来吸引他们加入辩论)”可知，吐温关于奴隶制的小说与斯托的不同之处在于吐温对种族主义的攻击就没那么公开。故选D。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The novel is strongly anti-slavery. Jim’s search through the slave states for the family from whom he has been forcibly parted is heroic. As J. Chadwick has pointed out, the character of Jim was a first in American fiction — a recognition that the slave had two personalities, ‘the voice of survival within a white slave culture and the voice of the individual: Jim, the father and the man.’(这部小说强烈反对奴隶制。吉姆在蓄奴州寻找他被迫与之分离的家庭是英勇的。正如J.查德威克所指出的，吉姆这个角色是美国小说中的第一个角色——承认奴隶有两种性格，‘在白人奴隶文化中生存的声音和个人的声音：吉姆，父亲和男人。’)”可推出，吉姆在白人文化中成长为一个男人和一个父亲，作者认为这最好地证明了吐温反对奴隶制的立场。故选A。
【14题详解】
词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段中的“Yet there is no reason to think Twain saw the shows as representing reality. His frequent attacks on slavery and prejudice suggest his keen awareness that they did not.(然而，我们没有理由认为吐温认为这些表演代表了现实。他对奴隶制和偏见的频繁抨击表明，他敏锐地意识到它们并非如此)”可知，划线词they是指代上文中的表演。故选B。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Mark Twain has been called the inventor of the American novel. And he surely deserves additional praise: the man who popularized the clever literary attack on racism.(马克·吐温被称为美国小说的发明者。他当然应该得到额外的赞扬：他让对种族主义的巧妙的文学攻击得以普及)”和最后一段中“And Twain, raised in a slave state, briefly a soldier, and inventor of Jim, may have done more to anger the nation over racial injustice and awaken its collective conscience than any other novelist in the past century.(吐温在一个蓄奴州长大，曾短暂当兵，还是吉姆的创作者，他可能比上个世纪的任何小说家都更能激起美国人对种族不平等的愤怒，更能唤醒美国人的集体良知)”可知，作者主要论证了在抨击种族主义方面，吐温比同时代的作家做得更多。故选D。
第二节 (共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分 12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Children love getting dirty. ____16____ But getting muddy could have a powerful effect on their wellbeing, too.
“Don’t get dirty!” was once a constant family warning, as parents despairingly watched their children spoil their best clothes. Whether they were running through farmers’ fields, climbing trees or catching tadpoles, it was inevitable that children’s whites would turn brown before the day was over.
Today, many parents may secretly wish their children had the chance to pick up a bit of dirt. With the rise of urbanism, and the temptation of video games and social media, contact with nature is much rarer than in the past. ____17____
What is gained in laundry bills may be lost in the child’s wellbeing. According to recent research, the dirt outside is teaming with friendly microorganisms. ____18____
Many of the psychological benefits of outdoor play are already well established. Natural scenes provide the perfect level of stimulation, which is thought to help recharge the brain when it is tired and easily distractible. Supporting this theory, one study from 2009 found that children with ADHD (多动症) were better able to concentrate following a 20-minute walk in the park, compared to a 20-minute walk on the streets of a well-kept urban area. ____19____ The authors recommended using such “doses of nature” as a safe and accessible way of supporting children with ADHD, alongside other tools.
____20____ For example, the act of mudding and kneading materials like mud or sand can help children develop the way their senses and movement interact, known as sensorimotor development. This allows the child to gradually understand his or her bodily signals.
A. For many, there is simply no opportunity to get muddy.
B. Being close to grass and trees seemed to have had a beneficial effect on their minds.
C. Besides these restorative effects, outdoor play can offer valuable learning experiences.
D. They are drawn to puddles like muddy magnets, with no regard for footwear or the color of their clothing.
E. As for the child’s physical health, the most obvious advantage of outdoor play may be the exercise.
F. People who grow up on farms are less likely to develop asthma, allergies, or auto-immune disorders.
G. They can train the immune system and build resilience to a range of illnesses, including allergies and asthma.
【答案】16. D 17. A 18. G 19. B 20. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了孩子们在户外玩耍、接触大自然的重要性，并且指出这样做对孩子们的身心健康及成长有着积极的影响，特别是在现代城市化的生活和环境背景下，更应该注意让孩子们参与户外活动，乐享大自然。
【16题详解】
根据前文“Children love getting dirty.(孩子们喜欢弄脏。)”结合下文“But”可知与空处转折，D项“They are drawn to puddles like muddy magnets, with no regard for footwear or the color of their clothing.(他们像泥泞的磁铁一样被水坑吸引，而不考虑鞋子或衣服的颜色。)”与上下文一致，表明小孩们非常喜欢玩泥巴，不会顾及自己的衣服和鞋子会被弄脏，这突显出小孩们对于在室外玩耍的渴望，D项“他们被像泥泞的磁铁一样的水坑吸引，完全不考虑鞋子和衣服的颜色。”符合，故选D项。
【17题详解】
根据前文“Today, many parents may secretly wish their children had the chance to pick up a bit of dirt. With the rise of urbanism, and the temptation of video games and social media, contact with nature is much rarer than in the past. (今天，许多父母可能暗暗希望他们的孩子有机会捡起一点泥土。随着城市化的兴起，以及电子游戏和社交媒体的诱惑，与大自然的接触比过去少得多。)”可知现代的城市生活方式和娱乐活动可能与大自然的接触缺乏，导致了小孩们越来越难以有机会和时间去在户外玩耍，与A项“For many, there is simply no opportunity to get muddy. (对于许多人来说，根本没有机会变得泥泞。)”与上下文一致，故选A项。
【18题详解】
根据前文“According to recent research, the dirt outside is teaming with friendly microorganisms. (根据最近的研究，外面的污垢正在与友好的微生物合作。)”可知，空处会提到微生物的作用，与G项“They can train the immune system and build resilience to a range of illnesses, including allergies and asthma. (它们可以训练免疫系统并建立对一系列疾病的适应力，包括过敏和哮喘。)”上下文一致，在泥土或者大自然里面玩耍也会帮助小孩的免疫系统去建立对很多疾病的的抵抗能力和适应性，包括过敏和哮喘等疾病。故选G项。
【19题详解】
根据上文“Supporting this theory, one study from 2009 found that children with ADHD (多动症) were better able to concentrate following a 20-minute walk in the park, compared to a 20-minute walk on the streets of a well-kept urban area.(支持这一理论，2009年的一项研究发现，与在保存完好的城市地区的街道上步行20分钟相比，患有多动症的儿童在公园散步20分钟后能够更好地集中注意力。)”可知，大自然场景对小孩的精神和认知发展会有很好的刺激和帮助，与B项“Being close to grass and trees seemed to have had a beneficial effect on their minds. (靠近草木似乎对他们的思想产生了有益的影响。)”与上下文一致，故选B项。
【20题详解】
根据下文“For example, the act of mudding and kneading materials like mud or sand can help children develop the way their senses and movement interact, known as sensorimotor development. This allows the child to gradually understand his or her bodily signals. (例如，泥浆和揉捏泥或沙子等材料的行为可以帮助儿童发展他们的感官和运动相互作用的方式，称为感觉运动发展。这使孩子逐渐理解他或她的身体信号。)”可知本段主要讲述了户外玩耍可以帮助孩子们感觉运动发展，使他们理解他或她的身体信号，这是一种学习经验，与C项“Besides these restorative effects, outdoor play can offer valuable learning experiences.(除了这些恢复效果外，户外游戏还可以提供宝贵的学习经验。)”上下文一致，故选C项。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
We have all heard how time is more valuable than money, but is it ____21____ to have too much
I____22____back in high school I spent most of my day at school since I also ____23____a team sport. By the time I got home, I only had a few hours to do my homework, and I had to do it ____24____.
When I got into college, things ____25____. I suddenly found myself out of class before noon time. Because of all this ____26____time, there was no sense of ____27____ to do my school work immediately. I was performing this action of waiting until it later became a ____28____. Once that happened, I just kept ____29____ my studying further and further back in my day. Then I got to the point where I was ____30____really late at night to get my work done.
One day I ____31____ a former classmate of mine who was ____32____a lot of money running a sideline (副业). Since his regular job was ____33____, I asked him why he just didn’t do his sideline full-time. He said without the job, he would ____34____ have too much time and would just do what I did back in ____35____. He said that if he ____36____the job, he would lose his ____37____ to work and succeed.
So, try ____38____ your time with other work. This is why there is a ____39____ that if you want something done, ask a ____40____ person to do it.
21.
A. true B. fair C. strange D. possible
22.
A. admit B. remember C. understand D. expect
23.
A. played B. loved C. coached D. watched
24.
A. at last B. right away C. of course D. as usual
25.
A. happened B. repeated C. mattered D. changed
26.
A. difficult B. extra C. valuable D. limited
27.
A. duty B. direction C. urgency D. achievement
28.
A. burden B. relief C. risk D. habit
29.
A. setting B. taking C. pushing D. calling
30.
A. staying up B. hanging out C. jogging round D. showing off
31.
A. treated B. helped C. met D. hired
32.
A. raising B. wasting C. demanding D. making
33.
A. safe B. important C. boring D. rewarding
34.
A. luckily B. hardly C. hopefully D. simply
35.
A. college B. childhood C. town D. business
36.
A. found B. quit C. accepted D. kept
37.
A. heart B. chance C. drive D. way
38.
A. filling up B. saving C. giving up D. trading
39.
A. saying B. story C. message D. fact
40.
A. busy B. careful C. reliable D. kind
【答案】21. D 22. B 23. A 24. B 25. D 26. B 27. C 28. D 29. C 30. A 31. C 32. D 33. C 34. D 35. A 36. B 37. C 38. A 39. A 40. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者因为在大学的空闲时间太多而养成了拖沓的习惯，相比之下他的同学利用副业挣了很多钱，作者奉劝人们要充分利用时间才可能获得成功。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们都曾经听说过时间比金钱更珍贵，但是怎样有可能拥有更多的时间呢？A. true真的；B. fair公平的；C. strange奇怪的；D. possible可能的。根据前文“We have all heard how time is more valuable than money, but is it”及转折连词but可知，人们认为时间比金钱更重要，对于珍贵的时间作者提出疑问：是否有可能获得更多的时间？此处的疑问句作用是引起下文。故选D项。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我记得在高中的时候，我大部分时间都在学校度过，因为我也参加了团队运动。A. admit承认；B. remember记得；C. understand理解；D. expect期待。根据后文“back in high school I spent most of my day at school”可知，作者在回忆高中生活，即记起了高中，故选B项。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我记得在高中的时候，我大部分时间都在学校度过，因为我也参加了团队运动。A. played参加；B. loved爱上；C. coached训练；D. watched观看。根据后文“a team sport”可知，作者是参加了一个团体运动，play意为“参加运动”符合句意。故选A项。
【24题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：当我到家的时候，我只有几个小时的时间做作业，我就必须立刻去做。A. at last最后；B. right away立刻；C. of course当然；D. as usual像平常一样。根据前文“I only had a few hours to do my homework”可知，作者只有几个小时的时间做作业，推断出作者回家就得立刻做作业。故选B项。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我上了大学，事情改变了。A. happened发生；B. repeated重复；C. mattered有关系；D. changed改变。根据后文“I suddenly found myself out of class before noon time.(我发现上大学以后在中午之前是没有课的)”可知，作者上大学后时间充裕和之前上高中时情况完全不同，即有了改变。故选D项。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因为有了这些额外的时间就没有了立刻做家庭作业的紧迫感。A. difficult困难的；B. extra额外的；C. valuable有价值的；D. limited有限的。根据前文“I suddenly found myself out of class before noon time.”可知，作者中午之前的时间都是没有事情做的，所以对他来说是额外的时间。故选B项。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为有了这些额外的时间就没有了立刻做家庭作业的紧迫感。A. duty责任；B. direction指导；C. urgency紧急；D. achievement成就。根据后文“I was performing this action of waiting until it later became a ____8____.”可知，作者已经把等待这个行为变成了习惯，推断出他在做作业这件事上没有紧迫感。故选C项。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我一直在执行这个等待的行为，直到它后来变成了一个习惯。A. burden负担；B. relief安慰；C. risk风险；D. habit习惯。根据后文“Once that happened, I just kept ____9____ my studying further and further back in my day.”可知作者每天不停把作业往后拖，推断出作者养成了拖延的习惯。故选D项。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一旦那种情况发生，在我的生活里我就不把我的学业推得越来越远。A. setting放置；B. taking带去；C. pushing推动；D. calling称呼。根据后文“Then I got to the point where I was ____10____really late at night to get my work done.”可知，作者甚至已经到了熬夜做作业的地步，推断出作者把做作业的事情推拖到很晚才做。故选C项。
【30题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：接下来我就到达了一个甚至熬夜完成我的作业地步。A. staying up熬夜；B. hanging out闲逛；C. jogging round在周围慢跑；D. showing off炫耀。根据后文“late at night to get my work done.”可知，作者在深夜做作业，推断出作者是熬夜完成作业的。故选A项。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一天，我遇到了我以前的一个同学，他经营副业赚了很多钱。A. treated对待；B. helped帮助；C. met遇见；D. hired雇佣。根据后文“a former classmate of mine”指作者遇到了以前的同学。故选C项。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一天，我遇到了我以前的一个同学，他经营副业赚了很多钱。A. raising筹集；B. wasting浪费；C. demanding要求；D. making挣钱。根据后文“a lot of money running a sideline”指同学经营副业赚了很多钱，应用动词make。故选D项。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因为他的常规工作很无聊，我就问他为什么不全职做副业。A. safe安全的；B. important重要的；C. boring无聊的；D. rewarding有回报的。根据后文“I asked him why he just didn’t do his sideline full-time”推断，作者同学做副业是因为他的常规工作是无聊的。故选C项。
【34题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意： 他说没有工作，他会确实地拥有更多的时间，成为我大学的那个样子。A. luckily幸运地；B. hardly几乎不：C. hopefully有希望地；D. simply仅仅，确实。根据前文“He said without the job”以及常识，如果他没有工作了确实会拥有更多的时间。故选D项。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他说没有工作，他会确实地拥有更多的时间，成为我大学的那个样子。A. college大学；B. childhood童年；C. town城镇；D. business商业。根据前文可知作者还在上大学而且每天时间充裕，他之前的同学如果没有工作就会像他在大学一样有很多时间，养成拖沓的习惯。故选A项。
【36题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他说如果他辞职，他就会失去工作和成功的动力。A. found找到；B. quit辞职；C. accepted结束；D. kept保持。呼应上文“He said without the job”此处指如果他辞职，他就会失去工作和成功的动力。故选B项。
【37题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他说如果他辞职，他就会失去工作和成功的动力。A. heart心脏；B. chance机会；C. drive强烈的欲望，动力；D. way道路。结合上文作者的故事可知，此处指同学认为如果没有工作失去了在工作上成功的动力。故选C项。
【38题详解】
考查动词和动词短语辨析。句意：尝试用其他的工作填满你的时间。A. filling up充满；B. saving拯救，节约；C. giving up放弃；D. trading做生意。根据后文“if you want something done, ask a…person to do it.”可知，如果你想让事情做好，让忙人去做工作，因为忙人会充分利用时间工作，推断出作者想要表达的意思是希望用工作填满时间。故选A项。
【39题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这就是为什么有句俗话说，如果你想让事情做好，找一个忙的人来做它。A. saying俗语；B. story故事；C. message信息；D. fact事实。根据常识可知，“如果你想让事情做好，找一个忙的人来做它”是一个俗语。故选A项。
【40题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这就是为什么有句俗话说，如果你想让事情做好，找一个忙的人来做它。A. busy忙碌的；B. careful仔细的；C. reliable可靠的；D. kind善良的。根据上文内容可知，空闲太多会让人懒惰和拖延，所以要养成忙碌的习惯，同样如果你想让事情做好，找一个忙的人来做它。故选A项。
第II卷(50分)
第三部分 语言知识运用
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The shelves in most supermarkets are full of family-size this and multi-buy that. However, if you’re shopping for one, buying extra ____41____ (benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense. Either your shopping is then too heavy to carry home ____42____ you can’t use what you’ve bought while it’s still fresh.
Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way ____43____ will make them the most money. If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that’s ____44____ they’ll promote. But that leaves the solo (单独) customers out of pocket and disappointed.
Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the ____45____ (criticize) that they lead to waste. Consumers prefer money off individual items. However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes ____46____ (offer) in smaller packs. Even the biggest sausage fan doesn’t want to eat them every day.
If your supermarket sells loose produce, then buying smaller quantities is easier. Over the last two years, some supermarkets ____47____ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs ____48____ (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份). Then, when you use one section, ____49____ other stays fresh.
Who knows, perhaps some of the more forward-looking ____50____ (one) may yet come out with a whole range of “just for you” pack sizes with special offers as well.
【答案】41 to benefit
42. or 43. that##which
44. what 45. criticism
46. be offered
47. have started
48. designed
49. the 50. ones
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章对商家各式各样的促销手段进行了介绍。
【41题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：然而，如果你是想买一件，那么多买一件来享受降价是没有意义的。根据“buying extra”和“from price reductions”可知，此处是指多买一件来享受降价，所以应用to do不定式作目的状语。故填to benefit。
【42题详解】
考查固定句式。句意：要么你买的东西太重，搬不回家，要么你买的东西还新鲜，就不能用了。either...or...意为“要么……要么……”，为固定句式，所以此处应用连词or。故填or。
【43题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：当然，商店不是慈善机构——他们以最赚钱的方式给商品定价。在定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为way，所以应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。
【44题详解】
考查名词性从句。句意：如果他们的大多数客户都乐意大量购买，那他们就会推广。在表语从句中缺少宾语，且是指事物，所以应用连接代词what。故填what。
【45题详解】
考查名词。句意：许多超市不再进行“买一送一”的促销活动，因为有人批评这种活动会造成浪费。根据“that they lead to waste”可知，此处应用名词criticism表示“批评”作宾语。故填criticism。
【46题详解】
考查含有情态动词的被动语态。句意：然而，虽然一包香肠能便宜几美分是件好事，但如果有时能以小包装出售，那就更好了。动词offer意为“提供”，和主语构成被动关系，主语they代指前文中的sausages。在情态动词could后动词应用原形。故填be offered。
【47题详解】
考查现在完成时。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。根据“Over the last two years”可知，此处应用现在完成时。动词start意为“开始”。故填have started。
【48题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。动词design意为“设计”，和谓语之间没有连词，和逻辑主语packs构成被动关系，且动作已完成，所以应用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填designed。
【49题详解】
考查冠词。句意：然后，当你使用其中一部分时，另一部分保持新鲜。the other意为“另一个”，为固定搭配，所以此处应用定冠词the。故填the。
【50题详解】
考查代词。句意：谁知道呢，也许一些更有远见的人可能还会推出一系列“只为你”的包装尺寸，并提供特别优惠。代词one意为“一个人”，在some of后应用复数形式。故填ones。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
51. 文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及修改均仅限一词。
2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
It has proved by scientists using hidden cameras that when only one or two people ride in a lift, they usually lean against on the walls. If four people are aboard, they usually moved towards the four corners. So, when the population reaches five and six people, everyone begins to obey more formal rules of lift etiquette. They all turn to face the door. “They get taller and thin,” as a professor describes it. “Hand and purses hang down in front of their bodies. They mustn’t touch each other in any way if the lift is crowded and then only lightly at the shoulder or the upper arm. Also there are a behavior to look upward at the floor indicator. If they speak, it is definitely in the low voice.”
【答案】1.在has后加been
2.删除on
3.moved→move
4.So→However
5.and→or
6.thin→thinner
7Hand→Hands
8.if→unless
9.are→is
10.the→a
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，科学家利用隐藏摄像头证明，当只有一两个人乘坐电梯时，他们通常会靠在墙上，如果有四个人，他们通常会站在四个角落，当人数达到五六人时，每个人都开始遵守更正式的电梯礼仪规则。
【详解】1.考查被动语态。句意：科学家们通过隐藏摄像头证明，当只有一两个人乘坐电梯时，他们通常会靠在墙上。It是形式主语，that引导的主语从句是真正的主语，和动词“prove”之间是被动关系，此处应用现在完成时的被动语态，故在has后加been。
2.考查介词。句意同上。lean against the walls“靠在墙上”，against是介词，on多余，故删除on。
3.考查一般现在时。句意：如果电梯上有四个人，他们通常会朝四个角落移动。结合句意及“usually”可知，此处应用一般现在时，主语“they”表示复数意义，谓语动词用原形，故将moved改为move。
4.考查副词。句意：然而，当人数达到五六人时，每个人都开始遵守更正式的电梯礼仪规则。上文“如果电梯上有四个人，他们通常会朝四个角落移动”，与下文“当人数达到五六人时，每个人都开始遵守更正式的电梯礼仪规则”之间是转折关系，so表示因果关系，不符合语境，应用副词however，故将So改为However。
5.考查连词。句意同上。结合句意可知，此处指“五个或者六个人”，应用连词or连接，故将and改为or。
6.考查形容词比较级。句意：“他们变得越来越高，越来越瘦，”一位教授这样描述。此处和“taller”并列，应用形容词比较级，故将thin改为thinner。
7.考查名词复数。句意：双手和钱包垂在身前。hand是可数名词，此处和“purses”并列，结合语境可知，此处指电梯里的很多人双手和钱包垂在身前，应用名词复数形式，故将Hand改为Hands。
8.考查状语从句。句意：除非电梯很拥挤，否则他们不能以任何方式接触对方，然后只能轻轻地接触肩膀或上臂。结合句意可知，此处指“除非电梯很拥挤，否则他们不能以任何方式接触对方”，应用unless引导条件状语从句，故将if改为unless。
9.考查主谓一致。句意：还有一个行为是向上看楼层指示器。此处是there be句型，主语“a behavior”是名词单数，be动词应用is。故将are改为is。
10.考查冠词。句意：如果他们说话，那肯定是很低的声音。voice此处用作可数名词，泛指“一种很低的声音”，应用不定冠词，low首字母的发音为辅音音素。故将the改为a。
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
52. 随着科技的发展，部分学生对书写的重视程度不够。学校英文报就此做了一项调查。请使用图表中的调查结果写一篇120字左右短文投稿，内容包括：
1. 描述调查情况；
2. 简单评论；
3. 你的建议。
注意：文章开头已给出。
With the development of science and technology, some students are paying less attention to their handwriting. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】参考范文：
With the development of science and technology, some students are paying less attention to their handwriting. Recently, our school English newspaper has made a survey about the reasons why some students don’t want to improve their handwriting.
According to the survey, about 51 percent of the students argue that they can turn to computers for help. Around 21% believe it’s convenient to input words through the voice with the help of some Apps. About 23% think that they are so busy with the study that they have no time to practice. And the rest hold that practising handwriting is useless.
Just as the saying goes, writing style shows the man. Bad handwriting will definitely ruin our image. Therefore, in my opinion, more emphasis should be placed on it in future.
So measures should be taken to improve our handwriting. For example, we can start handwriting competitions to make students aware of the importance of it. What’s more, teachers can give students some tips about how to write well.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生使用图表中的调查结果写一篇短文投稿。
【详解】1.词汇积累
求助于：turn to…for help→ask…for help
帮助：help→assistance
因此：therefore→as a result
比赛：competition→contest
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：For example, we can start handwriting competitions to make students aware of the importance of it.
拓展句：For example, we can start handwriting competitions so that students can be aware of the importance of it.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Recently, our school English newspaper has made a survey about the reasons why some students don’t want to improve their handwriting.（运用了why引导定语从句）
【高分句型2】According to the survey, about 51 percent of the students argue that they can turn to computers for help.（运用了that引导宾语从句）
【高分句型3】About 23% think that they are so busy with the study that they have no time to practice.（运用了that引导的宾语从句和so…that引导的结果状语从句）
听力答案：1-5 CBCBC 6-10 CBAAC 11-15 CBCCB 16-20 BABAC
