阅读理解专练 -冲刺2024高考英语一模考试（2024年各省市名校联考题目精选15篇 含答案与解析）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
阅读理解专练——冲刺2024高考英语一模考试
（2024年各省市名校联考题目精选15篇 含答案解析）
应用文、记叙文、说明文、议论文
A
（2024·江苏南通·统考）Where to Eat in Kuala Lumpur
Great restaurants in Kuala Lumpur offer a genuine global dining experience. Whether you are looking to enjoy hearty comfort food or some local delicacies, the city’s dining scene satisfies all comers.
Mum’s Place
Nothing brings more comfort than mom’s cooking. With recipes inspired by the owners’ mother, this restaurant brings you Nyonya dishes that are truly Malaysian. Located in the district of Damansara Perdana, Mum’s Place is a neighbourhood restaurant with its main customers from residents nearby. Some of the best dishes include cencaru fish, devil curry chicken and beef rendang.
Cantaloupe
Located about 20 minutes from downtown Malacca, it is a home-based eatery with about 10 tables manned by four operators. Unlike most restaurants, food is self-service here, with dishes placed on catering pans for customers to choose from. It serves traditional Malaysian dishes with distinct Chinese influences. You will find rice dumplings and chicken rendang among the offerings. It has two branches in the city. Their dishes sell out fast, so it’d be best to head there before lunch time.
YumYum Restaurant
Situated in the beautiful Shangri-La Hotel, Yum Yum Restaurant is among the locals’ many favourite spots to dine at. It offers an interesting Nyonya and Thai food with Chinese influences that make them stand out. The classic dishes include sambal petai prawns, assam fish head and Yum Yum egg. It can get crowded here, so it’d be best to head there early or call ahead for reservations.
Troika Sky Dining
Offering fine dining, the impressive Troika Sky Dining undoubtedly stands out from the pack. Set on the 23rd floor of Tower B of The Troika, it goes without saying that the cloud-skimming views here are something else entirely. The food is what helped it stand out. It serves award-winning French, Italian, Greek, and Spanish food and adventurous menu of high-end pizzas and pasta.
1．What do Mum’s Place and Yum Yum Restaurant have in common
A．They are based in hotels. B．They serve Nyonya dishes.
C．They need prior reservations. D．They offer breathtaking views.
2．Which restaurant serves western food
A．Mum’s Place. B．Cantaloupe.
C．Yum Yum Restaurant. D．Troika Sky Dining.
3．What’s special about Cantaloupe
A．It is a buffet restaurant. B．It serves hard-to-find dishes.
C．It has branches throughout Asia. D．It opens for lunch earlier than others.
B
（2024·江苏南通·统考）The motivation for his invention came to Aarrav Anil last year when he saw his uncle Arjun, who has Parkinson’s disease, struggle to eat. Some food spilled (溢出) out of his mouth, the rest splattered (溅) on his clothes. Arjun attempted to keep his dignity but the frustration forced him to give up and call his helper to feed him.
The sight of his uncle’s shaking the spoon so violently inspired Aarrav, 17, from Bengaluru, south India, to turn to robotics. He locked himself in his room with microcontrollers, sensors, motors, and a 3D printer. What emerged was a prototype (原型) of a smart spoon that is now undergoing trials at the RV College of Physiotherapy in Bengaluru.
The sensors in the battery-operated spoon detect shaking on one side and activate movement on the other, effectively cancelling out shaking to keep the spoon stable.
“I’ve been fine tuning the design based on the college’s feedback-that it needs to be waterproof so that it can be washed without damaging all the electronics inside; that it must be removable so it can be cleaned and replaced by a fork, ” Aarrav says.
For Aarrav it is the peak of a 10-year interest in mechanics that began when his mother bought him a Lego set. He has now represented India at more than 20 robotics competitions across the world.
When the blueprint for the smart spoon won first prize in the future innovators category at last year’s World Robot Olympiad in Germany, Aarrav felt encouraged to make the prototype.
More than 7 million people in India are estimated to have Parkinson’s disease, a condition in which parts of the brain become progressively damaged and which mainly affects people over the age of 50. Symptoms (症状) include involuntary shaking and stiff muscles. As the disease progresses, eating can become more difficult, forcing people to rely on help from others.
Aarrav’s ambition is that every family that has someone with Parkinson’s will have the smart spoon. He says his uncle Arjun’s words keep echoing (回响) in his mind: “Who would have thought such a small thing could mean the difference between dignity and indignity ”
4．What can Aarrav’s invention help people with Parkinson’s do
A．Control their physical balance. B．Boost their mood and relieve stress.
C．Maintain a good range of movement. D．Feed themselves more independently.
5．What does the underlined part “fine tuning” in paragraph 4 mean
A．Overturning. B．Reconsidering.
C．Conducting a study of. D．Making minor changes to.
6．What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Parkinson’s in India
A．To show prospects of Aarrav’s invention.
B．To reveal the nation’s poor health situation.
C．To popularize general knowledge of the disease.
D．To convince people to volunteer for social causes.
7．What can be learned about Aarrav from the text
A．He enjoys being alone. B．He has an innovative mind.
C．He used to be a health worker. D．He longed to be a businessman.
C
（2024·江苏南通·统考）Saving Us: A Climate Scientist’s Case for Hope and Healing in a Divided World is one of the more important books about climate change to have been written. Hayhoe is a gifted public speaker and Saving Us is a follow-up to her awesome TED talk in 2018, “The most important thing you can do to fight climate change: talk about it”.
One of the many refreshing aspects of this book is that Hayhoe recounts both her successes and her failures to communicate, through which she has gathered evidence about what works and what does not. Much of the book’s advice is common sense, all backed up not just by Hayhoe’s experience but also with convincing research by psychologists and social scientists.
Hayhoe advises against trying to engage with a small minority, the “Dismissives”, who “angrily reject the idea that human-caused climate change is a threat; they are most receptive to misinformation and conspiracy theories (阴谋论)”. There is a warning that offering up more facts about climate change can actually increase polarisation among them.
The book includes amusing examples of her encounters with the “Dismissives”, almost entirely older men-including an engineer who was unconvinced about the evidence but with whom she was able to establish mutual (相互的) respect through a shared passion for knitting (打毛线衣)—and is packed with inspiring accounts of how she has won over even the most suspicious of crowds. Her motto is “bond, connect and inspire”, which represents her approach of always looking for points of commonality.
She also tells of a man who approached her after an event in London in 2019. He had been so inspired by her TED talk that he had started to speak to everybody he could in his neighborhood of Wandsworth. He showed her details of 12, 000 conversations that had taken place as a result, claiming that they had helped to convince the council to declare a climate emergency and to switch investments from fossil fuels to renewable energy.
And so, while it may feel difficult to influence the outcome of the COP26, Hayhoe’s uplifting book makes a persuasive case that we can all do our bit to bring about success just by talking about the issue.
8．What does the book mainly focus on
A．Sharing climate communication tips.
B．Teaching presentation skills with TED talks.
C．Exploring critical thinking through literature.
D．Promoting people’s insight into climate change.
9．Which of the following best describes the advice in the book
A．Humorous but one-sided. B．Novel but contradictory.
C．Serious and hard to follow. D．Well-based and workable.
10．How did Hayhoe win over the “Dismissives”
A．By changing their political identity.
B．By challenging their fundamental beliefs.
C．By offering more facts about climate change.
D．By seeking common ground built on a shared love.
11．What does the author want to say by telling the story in paragraph 5
A．World shift to clean energy is unstoppable.
B．We should help people prepare for the climate crisis.
C．Policymakers are less responsive to market changes.
D．Conversations can influence climate decision-making.
D
（2024·江苏连云港·统考）When it comes to choosing the best travel gifts, there are many options. No matter the occasion, or the traveler, we’ve rounded up some travel gifts from brands we love, so you can find something for you or your friends.
Ralph Lauren travel set
This Ralph Lauren travel set is a travel accessory (配件) you’ll use again and again. It comes with a small pillow, a soft eye mask and a large shawl that can be used as a blanket-all made from cashmere(羊绒).
$471 At Farfetch
$395 At Ralph Lauren
Canada Goose Trillium Parka
For winter travel, a thick, packable coat is a necessity. The Canada Goose Trillium parka is built for extreme cold but is by no means baggy, and actually has a slimming effect. It has a chin guard to protect the neck from cold air, inside pockets, and a removable jacket, giving your friends some style options.
$1, 650 At Canada Goose
Bellroy Tech Kit
Every organized traveler needs a good tech kit. We like Bellroy’s because it has many pockets that will fit any size wire and offer a safe place to store AirPods, portable chargers, and work-from-anywhere accessories like a mouse or Wi-Fi extender.
$59 At Amazon
$69 At Bellroy
Té Company Tea set
The Té Company Tea set is a perfect starter packet for those looking to expand their tea taste. It has seven different flavours and includes detailed instructions on the tea-making process to guide your friends toward the perfect cup.
$55 At Food52
$65 At eBay
12．What do the first two travel gifts have in common
A．They are easy to remove. B．They are made from cashmere.
C．They can keep people warm. D．They help people look slimmer.
13．How much do you pay at least for a gift to keep electronics in order
A．$55. B．$59. C．$65. D．$69.
14．Who is the text intended for
A．Travelers. B．Tea lovers. C．Salesmen. D．Fashion designers.
E
（2024·江苏连云港·统考）Rita Moreno is one of the very few performers to EGOT: to win an Emmy, a Grammy, an Oscar and a Tony award. But come a little closer, and Moreno’s is another kind of immigrant (移民的) story.
She was a teen when MGM (米高梅电影公司) signed her in the 1950s. Major studios were still dominated by the men who’d run them for decades. They had her change her name. While recognizing her talent, they didn’t know what to do with a Latin girl. Moreno played small parts, including a girl from India and a Burmese (缅甸的) woman. What should have been her big break came when she was cast as Anita in West Side Story. She’d remember Anita as “the very first Hispanic (西班牙的) character I had ever played who had dignity, a sense of self-respect. She became my role model. ” The night Moreno won the Oscar, the Hispanic community across the USA broke out into cheers.
But that career turn didn’t happen. Instead, she received more offers to play what she described as “dusky servants”. The racial and ethnic prejudice was still at play. “It broke my heart, ”she says. Rita Moreno didn’t make another movie for seven years.
Then began her new act. Holding to her mother’s philosophy — Never give in, never quit, keep on moving — she survived professionally during those years with work on the London stage and in nightclubs, slowly reemerging on film and television, and eventually she earned herself a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame and the Peabody Career Achievement Award.
But even as she continues to perform, her work continues off the screen, speaking out for and representing the Latin community. “I’m now known as la pionera, or the pioneer,” Moreno says. “I really don’t think of myself as a role model. But it turns out that I am, to a lot of the Hispanic community. Not just in show business, but in life. But that’s what happens when you’re first, right ”
15．What do we know about Moreno in Paragraph 2
A．She was an actress contracted with MGM.
B．She had her future well-planned for her talent.
C．She was treated as a Hispanic girl with dignity.
D．She won the Oscar for acting a Burmese woman.
16．Why didn’t Moreno make movies for seven years after winning the Oscar
A．She did not receive any film offers.
B．She rejected roles of racial prejudice.
C．She was tired of performing on the stage.
D．She focused on her stage career in nightclubs.
17．Which of the following can best describe Moreno
A．Generous and brave. B．Kind and grateful.
C．Honest and trustworthy. D．Tough and determined.
18．What can we learn from Moreno’s words in the last paragraph
A．She prefers to be a role model in show business.
B．She is unhappy with what happened to an actress.
C．She makes a difference to the Hispanic community.
D．She feels pressured about being a Hispanic pioneer.
F
（2024·江苏连云港·统考）Not all birds sing, but several thousand species do. They sing to defend their territory and croon (柔声唱) to impress potential mates. “Why birds sing is relatively well-answered,” says Iris Adam, a behavioral neuroscientist. However, the big question for her was why birds sing so much.
“As soon as you sing, you reveal yourself,” Adam says. “Like, where you are and where your territory is.” In a new study published in the journal Nature Communications, Adam and her co-workers offer a new explanation for why birds take that risk. They may have to sing a lot every day to give their vocal (发声的) muscles the regular exercise they need to produce top-quality songs. To figure out whether the muscles that produce birdsongs require daily exercise, Adam designed an experiment on zebra finches-the little Australian songbirds.
She prevented them from singing for a week by keeping them in the dark cage almost around the clock. Light is what galvanizes the birds to sing, so she had to work to keep them from warbling (鸣叫). “The first two or three days, it’s quite easy,” she says. “But the longer the experiment goes, the more they are like, ‘I need to sing.’” At that point, she’d tap the cage and tell them to stop singing.
After a week, the birds’ singing muscles lost half their strength. But Adam wondered whether that impacted the quality of songs. When she played a male’s song before and after the seven days of darkness, she couldn’t hear a difference. But when Adam played it to a group of female birds, six out of nine preferred the song that came from a male who’d been using his singing muscles daily.
Adam’s conclusion shows that “songbirds need to exercise their vocal muscles to produce top-performance songs. If they don’t sing, they lose performance, and their songs get less attractive to females.” This may help explain songbirds’ continuous singing.
It’s a good rule to live by, whether you’re a bird or a human-practice makes perfect, at least when it comes to singing one’s heart out.
19．According to Iris Adam, birds sing so much to ______.
A．warn other birds of risks B．produce more songs
C．perform perfectly in singing D．defend their territory
20．What does the underlined word “galvanizes” in Paragraph 3 mean
A．Prepares. B．Stimulates. C．Forbids. D．Frightens.
21．What do we know about the caged birds in the experiment
A．They lost the ability to sing. B．They strengthened their muscles.
C．Their songs showed no difference. D．Their songs became less appealing.
22．What may Iris Adam agree with
A．The songbirds live on music. B．The songbirds are born singers.
C．Daily exercise keeps birds healthy. D．Practice makes birds perfect singers.
G
（2024·江苏连云港·统考）Artificial intelligence models can trick each other into disobeying their creators and providing banned instructions for making drugs, or even building a bomb, suggesting that preventing such AI “jailbreaks” is more difficult than it seems.
Many publicly available large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, have hard-coded rules that aim to prevent them from exhibiting racial or sexual discrimination, or answering questions with illegal or problematic answers — things they have learned from humans via training data. But that hasn’t stopped people from finding carefully designed instructions that block these protections, known as “jailbreaks”, making AI models disobey the rules.
Now, Arush Tagade at Leap Laboratories and his co-workers have found a process of jailbreaks. They found that they could simply instruct one LLM to convince other models to adopt a persona (角色), which is able to answer questions the base model has been programmed to refuse. This process is called “persona modulation (调节)”.
Tagade says this approach works because much of the training data consumed by large models comes from online conversations, and the models learn to act in certain ways in response to different inputs. By having the right conversation with a model, it is possible to make it adopt a particular persona, causing it to act differently.
There is also an idea in AI circles, one yet to be proven, that creating lots of rules for an AI to prevent it displaying unwanted behaviour can accidentally create a blueprint for a model to act that way. This potentially leaves the AI easy to be tricked into taking on an evil persona. “If you’re forcing your model to be good persona, it somewhat understands what a bad persona is,” says Tagade.
Yinzhen Li at Imperial College London says it is worrying how current models can be misused, but developers need to weigh such risks with the potential benefits of LLMs. “Like drugs, they also have side effects that need to be controlled,” she says.
23．What does the AI jailbreak refer to
A．The technique to break restrictions of AI models.
B．The initiative to set hard-coded rules for AI models.
C．The capability of AI models improving themselves.
D．The process of AI models learning new information.
24．What can we know about the persona modulation
A．It can help AI models understand emotions.
B．It prevents AI learning via online conversations.
C．It can make AI models adopt a particular persona.
D．It forces AI models to follow only good personas.
25．What is Yinzhen Li’s attitude towards LLMs
A．Unclear. B．Cautious. C．Approving. D．Negative.
26．Which can be a suitable title for the text
A．LLMs: Illegal Learning Models B．LLMs: The Latest Advancement
C．AI Jailbreaks: A New Challenge D．AI Jailbreaks: A Perfect Approach
H
（2024·福建·统考）Animal volunteering abroad is the perfect opportunity for animal lovers who want to do something good while traveling. Here are several programs.
Leatherback Turtle Ambassador
Our main mission is to protect endangered sea turtles such as the leatherback sea turtle and the green sea turtle. By working with locals and environmental education programs, we will be able to educate people on the importance of protecting the valuable sea ecosystem.
Location: Limon, Costa Rica
Requirements: Age: 18-50; Language skill: basic English
Fee: 266? per week
Wildlife Shelter Carer
Every year, hundreds of thousands of native animals are injured or become sick, often because of interaction with people or pets. Our wildlife shelters have rescued sick, injured native wildlife and loved them back to health to be returned to the natural environment. Since we receive no funding from governments, the shelters rely on the donations of volunteers and the public.
Location: New South Wales, Australia
Requirements: Age: 18-50; Language skill: fluent English
Fee: 706? per week
Thai Elephant Sanctuary
Our program helps domesticated elephants rescued from a life of working on the streets or logging and provides care to rescued elephant population. The program has won numerous awards for its ethical contribution to the assistance of Thai Elephants. The team have rescued dozens of elephants and given them shelters in beautiful, open spaces.
Location: Phetchaburi province, Thailand
Requirements: Age: 18-50; Language skill: fluent English
Fee: 647? per week
Force-free Horse Sanctuary Assistant
Are you passionate about horses and eager to make a positive impact on horse welfare Join our incredible Force-Free Horse Sanctuary Program, where you’ll become part of a devoted team caring for our beautiful horses. Through positive reinforcement and force-free horsemanship skills, you’ll help improve the lives of these magnificent animals.
Location: Atajate, Spain
Requirements: Age: 14-50; Language skill: basic English or basic Spanish
Fee: 392? per week
27．Which program costs least per week
A．Leatherback Turtle Ambassador. B．Wildlife Shelter Carer.
C．Thai Elephant Sanctuary. D．Force-free Horse Sanctuary Assistant.
28．What can you do in the program of Wildlife Shelter Carer
A．Advocate protecting sea animals.
B．Attend to animals in poor condition.
C．Adopt endangered animals as your pets.
D．Acquire complicated horsemanship skills.
29．Where can you volunteer if you are a 15-year-old English speaker
A．Limon, Costa Rica. B．New South Wales, Australia.
C．Phetchaburi province, Thailand. D．Atajate, Spain.
I
（2024·福建·统考）My plan to learn to play the cello (大提琴) was a health y choice. So I took the next innocent step of going to a shop that sells and rents string instruments, especially violins, violas, and cellos. The place was a hole-in-the-wall, up a steep flight of stairs. Instruments left a narrow path to the counter where a woman with grey hair and warm eyes greeted me. Since I couldn’t form a question about what I wanted, I just stood there exploring the scene, which felt immensely pleasurable.
I rented a cello, a bow, and a case to hold them. What attracted me to the cello was its enormous size and its soft, smooth, and memorable sounds. It’s an instrument made of beautifully polished wood that I could wrap my arms around and feel its powerful vibrations when the strings were played. That was a good starting point for me. The only problem was that I didn’t know how to play it.
There’s a popular belief that the cello is a particularly difficult instrument to learn. Another is the admonition, “Don’t bother if you are a beginner over age 10!” Well, I was 70, and what others thought no longer influenced me. And besides, I thought of the words of Dr. Cohen, who suggested that learning causes physical changes in the brain.
So I found a teacher who had respect for older adult beginners and I practiced diligently, daily for years, and sometimes disheartened, but I kept up. I’m happy to report that now, more than a decade later, I can hold my own in a string trio and two quartets （two violins, a viola, and me, the female cello）and even a senior community band. Of course, I’ll never sound like Yo-Yo Ma but you could recognize a Mozart piece if you heard me play it. And, more importantly, I don’t need to please anyone but myself.
Whether it’s a pleasurable pastime or a new career, the starting point is the same: wonder, curiosity, determination, and the desire to keep your brain sharp.
30．How did the writer feel in the shop
A．Amused by the shop assistant.
B．Anxious for a live performance.
C．Pleased at the nice music atmosphere.
D．Curious about where to find a teacher.
31．What does the underlined word “admonition” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Approval. B．Criticism.
C．Puzzlement. D．Warning.
32．Why does the writer mention Dr. Cohen in paragraph 3
A．To recommend a reliable doctor.
B．To provide proof for common belief.
C．To add another reason for her decision.
D．To stress the crucial function of the brain.
33．Which of the following can best convey the writer’s idea
A．Art is man’s second nature.
B．One is never too old to learn.
C．Education is the key to success.
D．Happiness is the best form of health.
G
（2024·福建·统考）Imagine being able to use energy from the sun all the time, even when it’s night. That’s the idea that scientists at Caltech（California Institute of Technology）are exploring. They’re working on collecting sunlight in space and sending its energy to Earth.
Caltech’s scientists have created a special tool for this project. They call it MAPLE. MAPLE and two other devices are part of a project that was sent into space in January, 2023. MAPLE’s job is to test the idea of sending energy wirelessly from space to Earth. We’re used to using wires to move electrical energy from one place to another. But sending energy without wires is a lot trickier.
The method used by Caltech’s scientists depends on the way waves act when they meet. Imagine two waves coming together as they travel in the same direction. If the tops of the waves line up, they combine to make a bigger wave. But if the top of one wave lines up with the low point of the other, the waves cancel each other out. The Caltech team has found a way to control the timing of lots of microwaves so that they can combine their power, and focus the energy in one direction. It’s a little like using a magnifying（放大的）glass to focus sunlight into a small, hot point of light.
To prove that the system could work, MAPLE sent energy to two devices just 30 centimeters away in space. This energy was then turned into electricity, which made two small lights light up. Next, MAPLE sent energy all the way down to a lab at Caltech. The scientists were able to detect the energy, proving that it’s possible to send solar energy to Earth from space.
Dr. Hajimiri, one of the project’s leaders, thinks that one day, the system could be extremely useful, bringing energy to places that need it, all over the world. He believes that in the future, we’ll be able to send energy to remote regions and areas destroyed by war or natural disaster.
34．What is the challenge in Caltech’s project with MAPLE
A．Solar energy detection.
B．Wireless energy delivery.
C．Sending devices into space.
D．Using wires to move electricity.
35．How does the Caltech team concentrate solar power
A．By changing the way microwaves act.
B．By magnifying waves coming together.
C．By controlling the timing of microwaves.
D．By lining up the waves in opposite directions.
36．What potential benefit could the system bring in the future according to Dr. Hajimiri
A．Warning people of natural disasters.
B．Turning solar energy into electricity.
C．Providing a solution to energy shortages.
D．Sending energy to regions in urgent need.
37．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．The Use of Solar Energy in Space Exploration
B．The Challenges of Generating Energy Without Wires
C．The Development of a New Tool for Collecting Electricity
D．The Possibility of Sending Energy Wirelessly from Space to Earth
K
（2024·福建·统考一模）On the streets of Manhattan and Washington, D．C．, in neighborhoods in Seoul and parks in Paris, ginkgo (银杏) trees are losing their leaves in reaction to the first gust of cold winter air. This leaf drop, gradual at first, and then sudden, carpets streets with golden, fan-shaped leaves. Scientists are documenting evidence of the event happening later and later, a possible indication of climate change. But the story of ginkgos is not the familiar one of human carelessness with nature.
Thanks to fossils found in North Dakota, scientists found a ginkgo has genetically similar ancestors dating back 170 million years to the Jurassic Period. “It almost went extinct. Then humans rescued it and spread it around the world. It’s such a great evolutionary (进化) and cultural story,” says Peter Crane, a ginkgo expert.
One theory for the decline of the ginkgo species began 130 million years ago, when flowering plants began spreading. They grew faster and attracted more pollinators (传粉者) than ginkgos. “It’s possible that ginkgos were elbowed out of the way,” says Crane. Already competing to survive, ginkgos began to disappear during a time of global cooling that began around 66 million years ago. By the time the last ice age ended 11,000 years ago, the remaining survivors were found in China.
Ginkgo trees are smelly. “My guess is that they were eaten by animals that liked smelly things. They then passed through their body and grew.” Crane says. Those same seeds may have helped ginkgo find favor with humans 1,000 years ago. Once cleaned of their outer layer, ginkgo seeds are safe to eat. It’s then, when the trees had long since disappeared elsewhere, that people in China may have begun planting them and eating their seeds. Then gradually ginkgos spread across the world. Now it’s seemingly naturally resistant to insects and high levels of air pollution.
Crane isn’t worried about its future, though: The popularity of the species will help it survive. “Though its status in the wild may be difficult to access, it’s a plant that’s unlikely to ever go extinct,” he says.
38．What may have caused the further delay of ginkgo’s leaf drop
A．The colder weather in winter.
B．The protection from city councils.
C．The global warming phenomenon.
D．The careless interaction with humans.
39．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A．The reasons why ginkgos almost died out.
B．The advantages of ginkgos over other plants.
C．The theories of experts for multiplying ginkgos.
D．The competition between various flowering plants.
40．What might have contributed to ginkgos’ survival
A．Their eatable seeds. B．Their unpleasant smell.
C．The natural evolution. D．The careful planting.
41．How does Crane feel about ginkgos’ future
A．Worried. B．Optimistic. C．Uncertain. D．Hopeless.
L
（2024·重庆·校联考一模）If you really want a taste of Dutch life, a bike tour through Amsterdam is the way to go.
What is included in an Amsterdam bike tour
The bicycle is of course provided and included in the price of the tour. Some tours offer coffee and tea after the tour finishes. Every tour especially has its own theme and route (路线). You can compare them by visiting webpages about a particular tour.
Amsterdam bicycle tour basics
These tours are usually between one and two hours long. They are guided by friendly and knowledgeable tour guides who are well capable in human interactions and Amsterdam information. What’s more, the tour guides usually know many languages and are used to dealing with communication barriers (障碍).
If it rains, no worries, you can choose to cancel your tour free of charge. This applies of course also in case of (万一) other bad weather or in case you simply don’t feel like taking the tour. The cancellation is easy, without question, and free.
Important during the bicycle tour of Amsterdam
Please don’t become so Dutch that you disregard the traffic laws. It is a fact that some Amsterdammers often cross a street or a bridge when they feel like doing it. That is why staying alert (警惕的) and a little bit of biking experience can help you to cross the small city streets during an Amsterdam bike tour. Also, unless you are 100% sure that the weather will be plenty sunny, you’d better bring a jacket. When you start moving on the bike, the Amsterdam’s air can get quite cold.
42．What is special about an Amsterdam bike tour
A．It provides a free bike. B．It offers coffee and tea.
C．It includes a free lunch. D．It has its theme and route.
43．Which of the following is suggested in the last paragraph
A．Taking no notice of the traffic rules. B．Bringing warm clothing.
C．Doing as the Dutch do. D．Getting away from bad weather.
44．Where can the text be found
A．In a history book. B．In a research paper.
C．In an art magazine. D．In a travel brochure.
M
（2024·重庆·校联考一模）Is future you It might seem like a strange philosophical question. But the answer to how you think about your future self could make the difference between decisions you ultimately find satisfying and ones you might eventually regret.
The brain patterns that emerge on an MRI (核磁共振成像) when people think about their future selves most like the brain patterns that arise when they think about strangers. This finding suggests that, in the mind’s eye, our future selves look like other people. If you see future you as a different person, why should you save money, eat healthier or exercise more regularly to benefit that stranger
However, if you see the interests of your distant self as more like those of your present self, you are considerably more likely to do things today that benefit you tomorrow. A paper in the journal PLoS One revealed that college students who experienced a greater sense of connection and similarity to their future selves were more likely to achieve academic success. Relationships with our future selves also matter for general psychological well-being. In a project led by Joseph Reiff, which includes 5, 000 adults aged 20 to 75, he found that those who perceived a great overlap (重叠) in qualities between their current and future selves ended up being more satisfied with their lives 10 years after filling out the initial survey.
So how can we better befriend our future selves and feel more connected to their fates The psychological mindset with what we call ”vividness interventions“ works. We have found, for instance, that showing people images of their older, grayer selves increases intentions to save for the long term. Besides, you might try writing a letter to-and then from-your future self. As demonstrated by Yuta Chishima and Anne Wilson in their 2020 study in the journal Self and Identity, when high-school students engaged in this type of ”send-and-reply“ exercise, they experienced elevated (升高的) levels of feelings of similarity with their future selves.
Letter-writing and visualization exercises are just a couple of ways we can connect with our future selves and beyond, but the larger lesson here is clear: If we can treat our distant selves as if they are people we love, care about and want to support, we can start making choices for them that improve our lives-both today and tomorrow.
45．What’s the function of paragraph 2
A．Generating further discussion. B．Introducing a research result.
C．Showing the effect of the finding. D．Concluding various viewpoints.
46．How does the author prove his statements
A．By offering relevant statistics. B．By using quotations.
C．By referring to previous findings. D．By making comparisons.
47．What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A．Benefits of befriending our future selves.
B．Ways of connecting with our future selves.
C．Methods of changing psychological mindsets.
D．Possibilities of us becoming our future selves.
48．What does the article want to tell us
A．Making future plans makes a difference.
B．Our future selves look like other people.
C．Getting to know your future self benefits.
D．Your choice affects the fates of strangers.
N
（2024·重庆·校联考一模）We may weep for the dodo, but could and should we bring this lovely bird back from the dead De-extinction is the science of restoring lost species and it has been in the news for decades.
The story in modern times began in 1990 when Michael Crichton published his science fiction novel Jurassic Park, in which he imagined a world where scientists were able to bring dinosaurs back to life. Crichton imagined that polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology could be a way to amplify (放大) tiny quantities of dinosaur DNA and thus build a living embryo.
Sadly, biologists soon realized that DNA in fact breaks down super-fast; even after 100 years, DNA from museum skins of dodos was decayed (腐烂) beyond repair. They could be sequenced (测定序列) using massive computational power, but then only with considerable uncertainty. And even if you capture a DNA sequence, there’s still the problem of how you get living cells to read that sequence and express proteins that make the dinosaur or the dodo.
But why would anyone want to see mammoths, or something like them, roaming (漫游) present-day Siberia Well, they were undoubtedly amazing beasts. As well as hunting them, our distant ancestors painted their likenesses in caves across Europe. Fascinating as they may be, there's some ecological justification for the project too.
It was this diversity of land surface, broken up by heavy limbs and randomly fertilised by faeces (排泄物), that supported so much flora (植物群). Without the mammoths, that diversity disappeared. Return them and landscapes would once again be with a variety of species, including flowers and bushes.
True, it’s not de-extinction in the sense of bringing a long-dead species back to life. Instead it’s more like making a “dodo” by engineering a modern pigeon, its closest relative, to become huge and flightless. The result would be a big, fatty pigeon that, whether it looked like a dodo or not, would probably fulfil some of its ecological roles.
As a palaeontologist, I would of course love to see living dinosaurs, mammoths and dodos. In some ways, though, I am relieved that the optimistic claims for cloning and genetic technologies have not been borne out. The slowdown gives us time to consider the outcomes—and hopefully avoid some of Michael Crichton’s more fevered imaginings.
49．What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about
A．A science fiction review. B．The development of DNA．
C．An inspired guess of de-extinction. D．The application of PCR technology.
50．What’s the barrier to cloning a living embryo
A．DNA is hard to keep for long. B．Computational power is limited.
C．Biologists are opposed to it. D．Living cells can t be sequenced.
51．Why are people interested in cloning extinct species
A．They expect to seek hunt fun. B．They lack sources of modern art.
C．They need them for research. D．They want to see biodiversity.
52．What’s the author’s attitude toward cloning extinct species
A．Cautious. B．Unclear. C．Dismissive. D．Approving.
O
（2024·重庆·校联考一模）Some ants have figured out how to avoid getting lost: build taller anthills, according to a recent study.
Desert ants living in the hot, flat salt pans of Tunisia spend their days looking for food and reach as far as 1.1 kilometers from their nests. To find their way home, desert ants use a navigation system, relying on the sun’s position and counting their steps to track their location relative to their nest.
But this system becomes increasingly unreliable as the distance from the nest increases. “We realized that, whenever the ants in salt pans came closer to their nest, they suddenly pinpointed the nest hill from several meters distance,” says Markus Knaden, a researcher at Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology. “This made us think that the hill serves as a nest-defining landmark.”
So Knaden and colleagues captured ants from nests in the middle of salt pans and from along their shorelines. Only salt-pan nests had distinct hills, up to 40 centimeters tall, whereas the hills on shoreline nests were lower or barely noticeable. Next, the team removed any hills and placed the captured insects some distance away from their nests. Salt-pan ants struggled more than shore ants to find homes. Shore ants relied on the shoreline for guidance and weren’t affected by the hill removal, the researchers concluded.
The team further conducted another study to see if desert ants were deliberately building a taller hill when their surroundings lacked any visible landmarks. So, the researchers removed the hills of 16 salt-pan nests and installed (安装) two 50-centimeter-tall blocks near eight of them. The other eight nests were left without any artificial visual aid. After three days, the researchers found that seven ants from the unaided nests had rebuilt their hills. But only two ants from the nests with man-made blocks nearby had bothered to rebuild.
“It implies that ants regularly assess the complexity of their environment and change their decisions based on their conclusion,” says ecologist Judith Bronstein of the University of Arizona.
53．What aspect of ants is the recent study mainly about
A．Challenges of survival. B．Landmarks of habitats.
C．Intelligence of navigation. D．Comparison of varieties.
54．What does the underlined word “pinpointed” in paragraph 2 mean
A．Explored. B．Recognized. C．Climbed. D．Crossed.
55．Why did researchers set shoreline ants in the experiment
A．To observe different ants’ reactions. B．To prove impacts of various habitats.
C．To disturb desert ants’ navigation system. D．To test anthills’ functions and significance.
56．What conclusion about desert ants can be drawn from the follow-up study
A．Evaluate and make changes. B．Visual aid is a must.
C．Cooperation brings victory. D．No man-made blocks are used.
参考答案：
1．B 2．D 3．A
【导语】这是一篇应用文，文章主要介绍了吉隆坡的四家各具特色的餐馆。
1．细节理解题。根据文章Mum’s Place部分的“Nothing brings more comfort than mom’s cooking. With recipes inspired by the owners’ mother, this restaurant brings you Nyonya dishes that are truly Malaysian.(没有什么比妈妈做的菜更让人舒服的了。这家餐厅的食谱灵感来自老板的母亲，为您带来真正的马来西亚娘惹菜。)”以及YumYum Restaurant部分的“Situated in the beautiful Shangri-La Hotel, Yum Yum Restaurant is among the locals’ many favourite spots to dine at. It offers an interesting Nyonya and Thai food with Chinese influences that make them stand out.(坐落在美丽的香格里拉大酒店，Yum Yum餐厅是当地人最喜欢的用餐地点之一。它提供有趣的娘惹菜和泰国菜，受到中国的影响，使它们脱颖而出。)”可知Mum’s Place and Yum Yum Restaurant的共同之处在于这两家餐厅都提供娘惹菜。故选B项。
2．细节理解题。根据文章Troika Sky Dining部分的“It serves award-winning French, Italian, Greek, and Spanish food and adventurous menu of high-end pizzas and pasta.(它提供一流的法国，意大利，希腊，和西班牙的食物和冒险菜单的高端披萨和意大利面。)”可知Troika Sky Dining提供西方食物。故选D项。
3．细节理解题。根据文章Cantaloupe部分的“Unlike most restaurants, food is self-service here, with dishes placed on catering pans for customers to choose from.(与大多数餐馆不同的是，这里的食物是自助的，盘子里的菜供顾客选择。)”可知Cantaloupe的特殊之处在于它是一家自助餐厅。故选A项。
4．D 5．D 6．A 7．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Aarrav发明智能勺子的原因和过程。
4．推理判断题。由文章第一段中“Arjun attempted to keep his dignity but the frustration forced him to give up and call his helper to feed him. (Arjun试图保持他的尊严，但沮丧迫使他放弃，叫他的帮手喂他。)”和第二段中“The sight of his uncle’s shaking the spoon so violently inspired Aarrav, 17, from Bengaluru, south India, to turn to robotics. (17岁的亚拉夫来自印度南部的班加罗尔，看到叔叔如此猛烈地摇晃勺子，他决定转向机器人技术。)、最后一段中“He says his uncle Arjun’s words keep echoing (回响) in his mind: “Who would have thought such a small thing could mean the difference between dignity and indignity ” (他说，他叔叔阿琼的话一直在他脑海里回响:“谁会想到这么一件小事就意味着尊严和侮辱的区别？”)”可知，Aarrav的发明能帮助帕金森氏症患者更独立地自己进食。故选D。
5．词句猜测题。由文章划线词后“the design based on the college’s feedback-that it needs to be waterproof so that it can be washed without damaging all the electronics inside; that it must be removable so it can be cleaned and replaced by a fork (根据学院的反馈，它需要防水，这样在清洗时不会损坏里面的所有电子设备；它必须是可拆卸的，这样就可以清洁和更换叉子)”可知，Aarrav根据学院的反馈对智能勺子进行调整，所以划线词的意思是“调整”。A. Overturning倾覆；B. Reconsidering重新考虑；C. Conducting a study of进行研究； D. Making minor changes to对进行微小更改。故选D。
6．推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段中“More than 7 million people in India are estimated to have Parkinson’s disease, a condition in which parts of the brain become progressively damaged and which mainly affects people over the age of 50. (据估计，印度有700多万人患有帕金森氏症，这是一种大脑部分逐渐受损的疾病，主要影响50岁以上的人群。)”可知，作者提到印度帕金森氏症的目的是展示Aarrav发明的前景。故选A。
7．推理判断题。由文章第二段“The sight of his uncle’s shaking the spoon so violently inspired Aarrav, 17, from Bengaluru, south India, to turn to robotics. He locked himself in his room with microcontrollers, sensors, motors, and a 3D printer. What emerged was a prototype (原型) of a smart spoon that is now undergoing trials at the RV College of Physiotherapy in Bengaluru. (17岁的亚拉夫来自印度南部的班加罗尔，看到叔叔如此猛烈地摇晃勺子，他决定转向机器人技术。他把自己锁在房间里，屋里有微控制器、传感器、马达和一台3D打印机。最终出现的是一个智能勺子的原型，目前正在班加罗尔的RV物理治疗学院进行试验。)”和第五段“For Aarrav it is the peak of a 10-year interest in mechanics that began when his mother bought him a Lego set. He has now represented India at more than 20 robotics competitions across the world. (对阿拉夫来说，这是他10年来对机械的兴趣达到的顶峰，他的母亲给他买了一套乐高积木。他现在已经代表印度参加了世界各地的20多个机器人比赛。)”可知，Aarrav有创新的头脑。故选B。
8．A 9．D 10．D 11．D
【导语】本文是说明文。Hayhoe的书——《拯救我们：一位气候科学家在分裂的世界中寻求希望和治愈的案例》是有关气候变化的最重要的书籍之一。文章主要介绍了这本书。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Saving Us: A Climate Scientist’s Case for Hope and Healing in a Divided World is one of the more important books about climate change to have been written. (《拯救我们：一位气候科学家在分裂的世界中寻求希望和治愈的案例》是有关气候变化的最重要的书籍之一。)”和第二段中“One of the many refreshing aspects of this book is that Hayhoe recounts both her successes and her failures to communicate, through which she has gathered evidence about what works and what does not. Much of the book’s advice is common sense(这本书的许多令人耳目一新的方面之一是海霍讲述了她在沟通方面的成功和失败，通过这些她收集了关于什么有效、什么无效的证据。书中的大部分建议都是常识)”可知，这本书主要分享了气候沟通的建议。故选A。
9．推理判断题。根据二段中“Much of the book’s advice is common sense, all backed up not just by Hayhoe’s experience but also with convincing research by psychologists and social scientists.(书中的大部分建议都是常识，所有这些建议不仅得到海霍的经验的支持，而且得到了心理学家和社会科学家令人信服的研究的支持。)”可知，书中的这些建议是可行的，根据第四段中“The book includes amusing examples of her encounters with the “Dismissives”, almost entirely older men-including an engineer who was unconvinced about the evidence but with whom she was able to establish mutual (相互的) respect through a shared passion for knitting (打毛线衣)—and is packed with inspiring accounts of how she has won over even the most suspicious of crowds.(这本书包含了她与“不屑一顾的人”相遇的有趣例子，这些人几乎都是年长的男性，其中包括一名对证据不相信的工程师，但她能够通过对编毛衣的共同热情与他建立相互的尊重——书中充满了鼓舞人心的故事，讲述了她如何赢得了最可疑的人群的支持。)”可知，这本书中充满了鼓舞人心的故事，由此可推知，这本书是有事实基础的，即有良好的基础，故选D。
10．细节理解题。根据第四段中“The book includes amusing examples of her encounters with the “Dismissives”, almost entirely older men-including an engineer who was unconvinced about the evidence but with whom she was able to establish mutual (相互的) respect through a shared passion for knitting (打毛线衣)—and is packed with inspiring accounts of how she has won over even the most suspicious of crowds.(这本书包含了她与“不屑一顾的人”相遇的有趣例子，这些人几乎都是年长的男性，其中包括一名对证据不相信的工程师，但她能够通过对编毛衣的共同热情与他建立相互的尊重——书中充满了鼓舞人心的故事，讲述了她如何赢得了最可疑的人群的支持。)”可知，海霍通过在共同的爱好的基础上寻求共同点，来赢得“轻蔑者”的支持，故选D。
11．推理判断题。根据第五段“She also tells of a man who approached her after an event in London in 2019. He had been so inspired by her TED talk that he had started to speak to everybody he could in his neighborhood of Wandsworth. He showed her details of 12, 000 conversations that had taken place as a result, claiming that they had helped to convince the council to declare a climate emergency and to switch investments from fossil fuels to renewable energy.(她还讲述了 2019 年伦敦的一次活动后，一名男子向她走来。他受到她的 TED 演讲的启发，开始与旺兹沃斯附近的每个人交谈。他向她展示了由此发生的 12000 次对话的详细信息，声称这些对话帮助说服理事会宣布气候紧急状态并将投资从化石燃料转向可再生能源)”和最后一段中“Hayhoe’s uplifting book makes a persuasive case that we can all do our bit to bring about success just by talking about the issue.(海霍这本令人振奋的书提出了一个有说服力的案例，即我们都可以通过谈论这个问题尽自己的一份力量来取得成功。)”可知，这个故事表明，这些对话帮助说服理事会宣布气候紧急状态并将投资从化石燃料转向可再生能源，由此可推知，作者通过第五段的故事表明对话可以影响气候决策。故选D。
12．C 13．B 14．A
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了几种旅行时最好的旅行礼物。
12．推理判断题。由文章Ralph Lauren travel set部分“This Ralph Lauren travel set is a travel accessory (配件) you’ll use again and again. It comes with a small pillow, a soft eye mask and a large shawl that can be used as a blanket-all made from cashmere(羊绒). (这款拉夫·劳伦旅行套装是你会一次又一次使用的旅行配件。它配有一个小枕头，一个柔软的眼罩和一个可以当毯子用的大披肩——所有这些都是由羊绒制成的。)”和Canada Goose Trillium Parka部分“For winter travel, a thick, packable coat is a necessity. The Canada Goose Trillium parka is built for extreme cold but is by no means baggy, and actually has a slimming effect. (冬季旅行，一件厚的、可打包的大衣是必须的。加拿大鹅毛皮大衣是为极端寒冷而设计的，但绝不是宽松的，实际上有显瘦的效果。)”可知，前两种旅行礼物共同点是可以让人们保持温暖。故选C。
13．细节理解题。由文章Bellroy Tech Kit部分中“Every organized traveler needs a good tech kit. We like Bellroy’s because it has many pockets that will fit any size wire and offer a safe place to store AirPods, portable chargers, and work-from-anywhere accessories like a mouse or Wi-Fi extender. (每个有组织的旅行者都需要一个好的技术工具包。我们喜欢Bellroy’s，因为它有很多口袋，可以装下任何尺寸的电线，还提供了一个安全的地方来存放AirPods、便携式充电器和任何地方都可以工作的配件，比如鼠标或Wi-Fi扩展器。)”、“$55 At Food$55 At Food $65 At eBay(亚马逊售价59美元 在Bellroy，69美元，)可知，Bellroy Tech Kit可以用来整理电子产品，至少要花59美元。故选B。
14．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段“When it comes to choosing the best travel gifts, there are many options. No matter the occasion, or the traveler, we’ve rounded up some travel gifts from brands we love, so you can find something for you or your friends. (当谈到选择最好的旅行礼物时，有很多选择。无论在什么场合，无论旅行者是谁，我们都收集了一些我们喜欢的品牌的旅行礼物，这样你就可以为你或你的朋友找到一些礼物了。)”可知，文章主要介绍了几种旅行时最好的旅行礼物，所以文本是为旅行者写的。故选A。
15．A 16．B 17．D 18．C
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了著名演员丽塔·莫雷诺的演艺之路和对社会的影响。
15．细节理解题。由文章第二段中“She was a teen when MGM (米高梅电影公司) signed her in the 1950s. (20世纪50年代，当米高梅电影公司签下她时，她还是个十几岁的孩子)”可知，她是与米高梅电影公司签约的演员。故选A。
16．细节理解题。由文章第三段中“Instead, she received more offers to play what she described as “dusky servants”. The racial and ethnic prejudice was still at play. “It broke my heart, ”she says. Rita Moreno didn’t make another movie for seven years. (相反，她收到了更多的邀请，扮演她所说的“阴暗的仆人”。种族和民族偏见仍然存在。“这伤透了我的心，”她说。丽塔·莫雷诺有七年没有再拍电影了)”可知，莫雷诺在获得奥斯卡奖后的七年里都没有拍电影是因为她拒绝扮演种族偏见的角色。故选B。
17．推理判断题。由文章第四段中“Holding to her mother’s philosophy — Never give in, never quit, keep on moving — she survived professionally during those years with work on the London stage and in nightclubs, slowly reemerging on film and television, and eventually she earned herself a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame and the Peabody Career Achievement Award. (她坚持母亲的哲学——永不屈服，永不放弃，不断前进——那些年她在伦敦舞台和夜总会工作，慢慢地在电影和电视上重新出现，最终她在好莱坞星光大道上为自己赢得了一颗星星，并获得了皮博迪职业成就奖)”可推知，她是一个坚韧而坚定的人。故选D。
18．推理判断题。由文章最后一段中“But even as she continues to perform, her work continues off the screen, speaking out for and representing the Latin community. “I’m now known as la pionera, or the pioneer,” Moreno says. “I really don’t think of myself as a role model. But it turns out that I am, to a lot of the Hispanic community. Not just in show business, but in life. But that’s what happens when you’re first, right ” (但即使她继续表演，她的工作也在银幕之外继续，为拉丁社区发声并代表拉丁社区。莫雷诺说:“我现在被称为先驱。“我真的不认为自己是一个榜样。但事实证明，对很多西班牙裔社区来说，我是这样的。不仅在演艺圈，在生活中也是如此。但这就是你第一次做的事，对吧？”)”可推知，她对西班牙裔社区产生了影响。故选C。
19．C 20．B 21．D 22．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了神经学家艾瑞斯·亚当对于为什么鸟唱得这么多歌的研究。
19．细节理解题。由文章第二段中“They may have to sing a lot every day to give their vocal (发声的) muscles the regular exercise they need to produce top-quality songs. (它们可能每天都要唱很多歌，让它们的声带肌肉得到定期锻炼，从而创作出高质量的歌曲)”可知，亚当认为鸟儿每天都要唱很多歌，是为了更加完美地演唱。故选C。
20．词句猜测题。由划线词上文“She prevented them from singing for a week by keeping them in the dark cage almost around the clock. (她把它们关在黑暗的笼子里，整整一个星期不让它们唱歌)”和下文“so she had to work to keep them from warbling”可知，光是刺激鸟儿歌唱的东西，所以她必须努力不让它们鸣叫，她把它们关在黑暗的笼子里。由此可知，划线词的含义为“刺激”。A. Prepares准备；B. Stimulates刺激；C. Forbids禁止；D. Frightens使惊吓。故选B。
21．细节理解题。由文章第四段“After a week, the birds’ singing muscles lost half their strength. But Adam wondered whether that impacted the quality of songs. When she played a male’s song before and after the seven days of darkness, she couldn’t hear a difference. But when Adam played it to a group of female birds, six out of nine preferred the song that came from a male who’d been using his singing muscles daily. (一周后，鸟儿唱歌的肌肉失去了一半的力量。但亚当想知道这是否会影响歌曲的质量。当她在七天的黑暗之前和之后播放雄性的歌曲时，她听不出有什么不同。但是当亚当把这首歌放给一群雌鸟听时，九只雌鸟中有六只更喜欢每天都在使用唱歌肌肉的雄鸟发出的歌)”和第五段“Adam’s conclusion shows that “songbirds need to exercise their vocal muscles to produce top-performance songs. If they don’t sing, they lose performance, and their songs get less attractive to females.” This may help explain songbirds’ continuous singing. (亚当的结论表明，“鸣禽需要锻炼发声肌肉，才能唱出最好的歌曲。”如果它们不唱歌，就会失去表演能力，它们的歌声对雌性的吸引力也会降低。“这可能有助于解释鸣禽的持续歌唱)”可知，实验中关在笼子里的鸟的歌曲变得不那么有吸引力了。故选D。
22．推理判断题。由文章第五段“Adam’s conclusion shows that “songbirds need to exercise their vocal muscles to produce top-performance songs. If they don’t sing, they lose performance, and their songs get less attractive to females.” This may help explain songbirds’ continuous singing. (亚当的结论表明，“鸣禽需要锻炼发声肌肉，才能唱出最好的歌曲。”如果它们不唱歌，就会失去表演能力，它们的歌声对雌性的吸引力也会降低。“这可能有助于解释鸣禽的持续歌唱)”可推知，亚当认为练习使鸟成为完美的歌手。故选D。
23．A 24．C 25．B 26．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能领域面临的一项新挑战——AI“越狱”。
23．词句猜测题。根据第一段“Artificial intelligence models can trick each other into disobeying their creators and providing banned instructions for making drugs, or even building a bomb, suggesting that preventing such AI “jailbreaks” is more difficult than it seems. (人工智能模型可以欺骗对方不服从其创造者，提供被禁止的制造毒品的指令，甚至制造炸弹，这表明防止这种AI‘jailbreaks’比看起来要困难得多。)”以及第二段“Many publicly available large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, have hard-coded rules that aim to prevent them from exhibiting racial or sexual discrimination, or answering questions with illegal or problematic answers — things they have learned from humans via training data. But that hasn’t stopped people from finding carefully designed instructions that block these protections, known as “jailbreaks”, making AI models disobey the rules. (许多公开可用的大型语言模型（LLMs），如ChatGPT，都有硬编码规则，旨在防止它们表现出种族或性别歧视，或者用非法或有问题的答案回答问题——这些都是它们通过训练数据从人类那里学到的。但这并没有阻止人们找到精心设计的指令，阻止这些保护措施，即所谓的‘jailbreaks’，使人工智能模型不遵守规则。)”可知，许多公开可用的大型语言模型都有硬编码规则阻止非法、歧视等内容，但是人工智能模型可以突破保护限制措施，互相欺骗对方不服从其创造者，提供被禁止的指令；由此可知，AI“jailbreak”指的是打破人工智能模型限制，使人工智能模型违反规则的技术。故选A。
24．细节理解题。根据第四段“Tagade says this approach works because much of the training data consumed by large models comes from online conversations, and the models learn to act in certain ways in response to different inputs. By having the right conversation with a model, it is possible to make it adopt a particular persona, causing it to act differently. (Tagade表示，这种方法之所以有效，是因为大型模型消耗的大部分训练数据来自在线对话，模型学会以特定的方式响应不同的输入。通过与模型进行正确的对话，可以使其采用特定的角色，从而使其采取不同的行动。)”可知，“角色调节（the persona modulation）”可以通过与人工智能模型进行正确的对话让其采用特定的角色，采取不同的行动。故选C。
25．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Yinzhen Li at Imperial College London says it is worrying how current models can be misused, but developers need to weigh such risks with the potential benefits of LLMs. “Like drugs, they also have side effects that need to be controlled,” she says. (伦敦帝国理工学院的Yinzhen Li表示，目前的模型可能会被滥用，这令人担忧，但开发者需要权衡这些风险与LLM的潜在好处。‘就像药物一样，它们也有需要控制的副作用，’她说。)”可知，Yinzhen Li认为，目前的模型可能会被滥用，但是开发者需要权衡这些风险与LLMs的潜在好处，由此可知，Yinzhen Li对LLMs持谨慎的态度。故选B。
26．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Artificial intelligence models can trick each other into disobeying their creators and providing banned instructions for making drugs, or even building a bomb, suggesting that preventing such AI “jailbreaks” is more difficult than it seems. (人工智能模型可以欺骗对方不服从其创造者，提供被禁止的制造毒品的指令，甚至制造炸弹，这表明防止这种人工智能“越狱”比看起来更困难。)”以及下文内容可知本文介绍了人工智能“越狱”、研究者们发现的一个“越狱”过程——“角色调节”以及专家对其态度；由此可知，本文主要阐述人工智能发展面临的人工智能“越狱”这一新的挑战；C选项“AI Jailbreaks: A New Challenge (AI越狱：一个新的挑战)”能够概括文章主旨，适合作为最佳标题。故选C。
27．A 28．B 29．D
【导语】本文是应用文。介绍四个不同的动物保护志愿者项目，每个项目都提供了详细的描述，包括项目的目标、地点、要求和费用。
27．细节理解题。根据Leatherback Turtle Ambassador下的“Fee: 266? per week(费用：每周266欧元)”，Wildlife Shelter Carer下的“Fee: 706? per week(费用：每周706欧元)”，Thai Elephant Sanctuary下的“Fee: 647? per week(费用：每周647欧元)”以及Force-free Horse Sanctuary Assistant下的“Fee: 392? per week(费用：每周392欧元)”可知，Leatherback Turtle Ambassador是花费最少的。故选A项。
28．细节理解题。根据Wildlife Shelter Carer下的“Every year, hundreds of thousands of native animals are injured or become sick, often because of interaction with people or pets. Our wildlife shelters have rescued sick, injured native wildlife and loved them back to health to be returned to the natural environment. Since we receive no funding from governments, the shelters rely on the donations of volunteers and the public.(每年，成千上万的本土动物受伤或生病，通常是因为与人或宠物的互动。我们的野生动物收容所拯救了生病、受伤的本地野生动物，并爱护它们，使它们恢复健康，回归自然环境。由于我们没有得到政府的资助，这些庇护所依靠志愿者和公众的捐款)”可知，在Wildlife Shelter Carer可以照料状况不佳的动物。故选B项。
29．细节理解题。根据Force-free Horse Sanctuary Assistant下的“Requirements: Age: 14-50; Language skill: basic English or basic Spanish(要求：年龄14-50岁;语言能力:基本英语或基本西班牙语)”可知，如果你是一个15岁的英语母语者，你可以在Force-free Horse Sanctuary Assistant中作志愿者，地点在“Location: Atajate, Spain”。故选D项。
30．C 31．D 32．C 33．B
【导语】本文是记叙文。它讲述了一个人如何开始学习大提琴的经历，从对乐器的吸引，到面临困难和质疑，再到坚持学习并取得一定的成果。
30．推理判断题。根据第一段“Since I couldn’t form a question about what I wanted, I just stood there exploring the scene, which felt immensely pleasurable.(因为我不知道我想要什么，我只是站在那里探索场景，这让我感到非常愉快)”可以推知，作者对商店里的音乐氛围感到满意。故选C项。
31．词句猜测题。根据前文“There’s a popular belief that the cello is a particularly difficult instrument to learn.(人们普遍认为大提琴是一种特别难学的乐器)”以及后文“Don’t bother if you are a beginner over age 10!(如果你是一个10岁以上的初学者，那就别费心了！)”可知，这是在给出一种警告，因此推知“admonition”的意思是“警告”，和D项意思相近。故选D项。
32．推理判断题。根据第三段“Well, I was 70, and what others thought no longer influenced me. And besides, I thought of the words of Dr. Cohen, who suggested that learning causes physical changes in the brain.(好吧，我70岁了，别人的想法不再影响我。此外，我想起了科恩博士的话，他认为学习会导致大脑的生理变化)”可以推知，作者提到Dr. Cohen是为了为自己的决定再添加一个理由，即学习大提琴有益于大脑健康。故选C项。
33．主旨大意题。根据第三段“There’s a popular belief that the cello is a particularly difficult instrument to learn. Another is the admonition, “Don’t bother if you are a beginner over age 10!” Well, I was 70, and what others thought no longer influenced me. And besides, I thought of the words of Dr. Cohen, who suggested that learning causes physical changes in the brain.(有一种流行的观点认为，大提琴是一种特别难学的乐器。还有一种告诫是：“如果你是一个10岁以上的初学者，那就别费心了！”不过，我当时已经70岁了，别人的想法再也无法影响我。而且，我想到了科恩博士的话，他提出学习会引起大脑的物理变化)”以及最后一段“Whether it’s a pleasurable pastime or a new career, the starting point is the same: wonder, curiosity, determination, and the desire to keep your brain sharp.(无论是一种愉快的消遣还是一份新的职业，出发点都是一样的：惊奇、好奇、决心和保持大脑敏锐的愿望)”可知，作者的主要想法是：年龄并不是学习新事物的限制，只要有好奇心、决心和坚持，人们可以在任何时候开始学习新的技能并取得成就。这与“活到老，学到老”的谚语相呼应，强调了终身学习的重要性。故选B项。
34．B 35．C 36．D 37．D
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了加州理工学院（Caltech）的科学家正在探索从太空中收集阳光并将其能量发送回地球的想法，他们为此创造了一个特殊工具MAPLE，并解释了MAPLE如何通过控制微波的时机来聚焦能量。
34．细节理解题。根据第二段“Caltech’s scientists have created a special tool for this project. They call it MAPLE. MAPLE and two other devices are part of a project that was sent into space in January, 2023. MAPLE’s job is to test the idea of sending energy wirelessly from space to Earth. We’re used to using wires to move electrical energy from one place to another. But sending energy without wires is a lot trickier.(加州理工学院的科学家们为这个项目创造了一个特殊的工具。他们称之为MAPLE。MAPLE和另外两个设备是2023年1月送入太空的一个项目的一部分。MAPLE的任务是测试从太空向地球无线发送能量的想法。我们习惯于用电线把电能从一个地方传输到另一个地方。但是在没有电线的情况下传输能量要棘手得多)”可知，MAPLE的挑战是无线能量传输。故选B项。
35．细节理解题。根据第三段“The Caltech team has found a way to control the timing of lots of microwaves so that they can combine their power, and focus the energy in one direction. It’s a little like using a magnifying（放大的）glass to focus sunlight into a small, hot point of light.(加州理工学院的研究小组已经找到了一种方法来控制大量微波的时间，这样它们就可以结合它们的能量，并将能量集中在一个方向上。这有点像用放大镜把太阳光聚焦成一个小的热点)”可知，加州理工学院的团队通过控制微波的时间来集中太阳能。故选C项。
36．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Dr. Hajimiri, one of the project’s leaders, thinks that one day, the system could be extremely useful, bringing energy to places that need it, all over the world. He believes that in the future, we’ll be able to send energy to remote regions and areas destroyed by war or natural disaster.(Hajimiri博士是该项目的领导者之一，他认为有一天，这个系统会非常有用，把能源带到世界各地需要它的地方。他相信，在未来，我们将能够向偏远地区和被战争或自然灾害摧毁的地区输送能源)”可知，根据Hajimiri博士的说法，这个系统在未来会向急需能源的地区输送能源。故选D项。
37．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Imagine being able to use energy from the sun all the time, even when it’s night. That’s the idea that scientists at Caltech（California Institute of Technology）are exploring. They’re working on collecting sunlight in space an