课时分层作业(一)
必修第一册 Unit 1 A new start
Ⅰ．阅读理解
(2022·河北省六校第一次联考)
Nobody says school is easy．Studying is difficult，which is memorizing information for a test．Fortunately，there are books that can help you to make dealing with school easier．
Unlimited Memory by Kevin Horsley
This book is a bestseller in memory improvement．It has strategies to help you learn faster，become more productive and of course，have a good memory outside the classroom as well．Really，this is a great book for life in general．
On Course by Skip Downing
It is another book worth reading．In its eighth edition，the book provides self-assessment tools to help identify what is needed to change for academic success．It contains guided journal entries to help readers with responsibility，self-management，self-awareness，learning and self-esteem．
Student's Guide to Writing College Papers by Kate L．Turabian
Many students reach college and find that essay writing in college is very different from that in high school．Whether this is the case or not，Student's Guide to Writing College Papers is a perfect choice for those who want to improve writing skills．It's available on Kindle or in hardback or paperback forms．Right now，this one is its fourth edition．The book covers writing actual papers，citing sources，and style．
How to Become a Straight-A Student by Cal Newport
The book came out in 2006．It enjoys great popularity among learners all over the world．The book deals with different approaches and strategies to help achieve good academic performance but spend less time on studying．With it you will become smarter．It's available on Kindle and in audio books and paperback forms．
1．What do you know about Unlimited Memory
A．It is written by Kate L．Turabian．
B．It is popular and sells best．
C．It helps to produce more works．
D．It is practical in daily life．
2．What do the last two books have in common
A．They have various forms．
B．They are world-famous books．
C．They were published 15 years ago．
D．They mainly focus on improving writing skills．
3．Who are the intended readers
A．Parents． B．Children．
C．Teachers． D．Students．
(2022·开封市二模)
African penguins bear the unfortunate nickname “jackass penguins” because they communicate through donkey-like calls，but a new study suggests that their jackass language actually follows the same basic linguistic rules as ours．
In a new study，researchers recorded nearly 600 voices from 28 adult male penguins．The scientists knew from previous research that African penguins talked using three types of sounds，similar to human syllables．But the researchers wanted to know whether those “syllables” followed two common linguistic rules．
One of those rules，called Zipf's law，was presented by linguist George Zipf．It states that the more frequently a word is used in any language，the shorter it tends to be (think of words like “the”，“to” and “of” in English)．Previous studies have analyzed more than 1，000 world languages for evidence of Zipf's law，and the rule holds up in all of them．
The other rule，known as the Menzerath-Altmann law，says that the longer a word is，the shorter its syllables are，while shorter words are more likely to have longer syllables．A syllable is a word or a part of a word that has only one vowel．For example，“son” has one syllable and “father” has two syllables．According to the law，the word “onomatopoeia” is made up of six very short syllables，while “couch” is made up of one longer one．Earlier studies have shown that non-human primates (灵长目动物) follow both these rules when they communicate with each other，but what about jackass penguins？The researchers in the new study found that the songs of the male jackass penguin follow both Zipf's and Menzerath's laws：The shortest calls tended to be the most common，and the longest phrases were made up of the shortest syllables．
This jackass study provided the first non-human primate evidence that these common linguistic patterns apply to other species in the animal kingdom．
4．How does Zipf's law explain the words like “big”，“or” and “as”？
A．They let people think of shorter words．
B．They are commonly used and thus short．
C．They are frequently replaced by other words．
D．They have only one meaning and are less important．
5．What does the Menzerath-Altmann law show
A．The link between longer words and shorter words．
B．The link between longer syllables and shorter syllables．
C．The link between a word's pronunciation and its vowels．
D．The link between a word's length and its syllables' length．
6．What is the last paragraph mainly about
A．The limitation of the study．
B．The importance of the study．
C．The development of linguistic patterns．
D．The doubt about animals' language abilities．
7．What can be the best title for this text
A．Humans and Animals Share Similar Sounds
B．Jackass Penguins Make Three Types of Sounds
C．Scientists Have Made a New Discovery about Syllables
D．African Penguins' Talk Follows the Same Rules as Human Speech
(2022·河南省高考适应性测试)
As the daughter of immigrants，Vanida Chanthaphone's primary language at home was Lao．At 5，she learned to speak English．But she didn't know how to read and write — let alone how to fit in at school or communicate with classmates．Mrs Lewis，Chanthaphone's second-grade teacher，changed everything．She taught her students that it was OK if they did not know English and that it was all right for them to use words in their home language to explain how they were feeling or thinking．Chanthaphone got more and more confidence and wanted to do what her teacher did in the future．
Now，at 26，Chanthaphone is an English teacher at Fort Worth ISDs William Monnig Middle School．Like Mrs．Lewis，Chanthaphone aims to help her non-English-speaking students to gain the confidence they need to fulfill their potential in life．
At the beginning of each school year，Chanthaphone recounts her story to her new classes．She tells them she knows what it feels like not to want to participate in class．She reminds them that she once sat in her seat like them and felt different because of her upbringing．But she stresses that's what makes each of them special．
Her students，though，are usually unconvinced．She has to take out photos of her graduating college and tell them about her parents and what her school was like．Then it finally clicks．
In the classroom，Chanthaphone allows students to communicate in whichever way they feel most comfortable．For some，it may be raising their hands and voicing their thoughts．For others，it may be writing their thoughts on a piece of paper and handing it to Chanthaphone．
However，Chanthaphone does encourage her students to go out of their comfort zone．She wants them to work with students they don't know because teamwork and collaboration (协作) with unfamiliar people are important．
“I've always wanted to be the teacher who supports students and advocates them in and outside the classroom，” Chanthaphone said．“When I get notes or see posts on social media from parents talking about previous teachers，including me，I feel like my goal has been completed．”
8．What do we know about Mrs Lewis
A．She is ambitious．
B．She is inspiring．
C．She is knowledgeable．
D．She is demanding．
9．Why does Chanthaphone tell her schooling experience to her new students
A．To make a good beginning of her class．
B．To make herself well-known to her students．
C．To encourage her students to be confident．
D．To push the students to voice their thoughts．
10．What does Chanthaphone focus on in class
A．Students' strong curiosity．
B．Students' mental health．
C．Students' unique talent．
D．Students' communicating ability．
11．What can be the best title for the text
A．I Was Once Like You
B．You Are the Only One
C．No One Can Say No to You
D．Everything Can Be Possible
Ⅱ．完形填空
(2022·潍坊市阶段性监测)
The car that I bought just three months ago wouldn't start the other day．The factory battery that __1__ along with it decided that it had worked long enough and __2__ to take an early，permanent retirement．My __3__ neighbor gave me jump leads but the battery stubbornly wouldn't __4__the charge．After getting more jump leads，I __5__ to the local auto parts store to buy a new one．Installing (安装) it was much more __6__ than we thought，so I took it to a local mechanic who finally got the new battery in and the car __7__ once again．
Driving it this morning，though，I __8__ that the time and the date on the screen in the dashboard (仪表板) had __9__ gone back to nine years ago，resetting themself to the __10__ time and the date of the first time it was started．While my son smartly figured out how to__11__ it back to today，I thought about all the times I had wished I could go back in time and undo some of the __12__and missteps I had taken in my own life．
Yes，many of my choices brought me __13__in the past，but they have also brought me wisdom for the present．When you __14__your own life，don't regret the roads not taken．Instead，be __15__ with the path you are on，the things you have learned，and the love you have shared．
1．A．came B．waited
C．left D．raced
2．A．planned B．refused
C．chose D．managed
3．A．easy-going B．kind-hearted
C．hard-working D．good-tempered
4．A．lead B．take
C．offer D．hold
5．A．welcomed B．headed
C．returned D．got
6．A．complex B．vital
C．efficient D．accurate
7．A．switching B．jumping
C．running D．shaking
8．A．guessed B．remembered
C．expected D．noticed
9．A．suddenly B．slightly
C．casually D．secretly
10．A．final B．original
C．special D．temporary
11．A．bring B．program
C．call D．drive
12．A．attempts B．effects
C．mistakes D．changes
13．A．damage B．pain
C．peace D．convenience
14．A．look at B．come out of
C．focus on D．take control of
15．A．faced B．patient
C．strict D．pleased
Ⅲ．应用文写作
(2022·长春市质检一)
你校正在组织英语作文比赛，请以“A role model to learn from”为题，写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：
1．榜样的优秀品质；
2．获得的启示。
注意：1．词数80左右；
2．题目已为你写好。
A role model to learn from
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_________________________________________________________________课时分层作业参考答案与精析
课时分层作业(一)
Ⅰ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四本让学习变得更容易的书。
1．D [细节理解题。根据第二段尾句中的“this is a great book for life in general”可知，这本书在日常生活中很实用，故D项正确。]
2．A [细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第三句“It's available...paperback forms．”和尾段尾句“It's available...paperback forms．”可知，最后两本书的共同点是它们都有多种形式的版本，故A项正确。]
3．D [推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了四本让学习变得更容易的书，据此可以推断，这些书的目标读者是学生，故D项正确。]
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。最新研究发现非洲企鹅的语言和人类的基本语言规则相同，它们也遵循Zipf和Menzerath Altmann定律。
4．B [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“One of those rules...tends to be”可知，一个单词被用得越频繁，它就会越短。故“big”“or”和“as”等简短的词用Zipf定律来解释就是这些词由于被经常使用，因此也短一些，故B项正确。]
5．D [细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Menzerath Altmann law...to have longer syllables”可知，Menzerath Altmann定律主要研究了单词长度和音节长度之间的联系，故D项正确。]
6．B [段落大意题。根据最后一段的内容尤其是“provided the first non human primate evidence”可知，本段主要讲述了本次研究提供了第一份非人灵长目动物证据，证明这些常见的语言模式也适用于动物王国中的其他物种。故最后一段讲述的是本次研究的重要性，故B项正确。]
7．D [标题归纳题。本文讲述了一项新的研究结果。根据第一段中的“a new study...linguistic rules as ours”可知，本文主要讲述了非洲企鹅的语言规则遵循人类的基本语言规则，故D项适合作本文的标题。]
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。Vanida Chanthaphone讲老挝语，不会用英语阅读和写作。在Lewis老师的鼓励下，她对学习有了信心，后来也成了一名老师。她以Lewis老师为榜样，允许学生以让他们自己感到舒服的任何方式进行交流，并鼓励他们走出舒适圈，与自己不熟悉的人合作。
8．B [推理判断题。根据第一段的最后两句“She taught her students ...did in the future．”可知，Lewis老师鼓励她的学生用母语来表达他们的感受或想法，这使得Chanthaphone对学习英语越来越有信心，并打算在将来也当一句老师。据此可以推知，Lewis老师是鼓舞人心的。]
9．C [细节理解题。根据第二段尾句“Like Mrs Lewis ...potential in life．”可知，Chanthaphone的目的是帮助那些母语为非英语的学生获得他们在生活中发挥潜能所需要的信心。再结合第三段首句可知，Chanthaphone在课堂上讲述自己的经历旨在鼓励她的学生树立信心。]
10．D [细节理解题。根据第六段尾句“She wants them to work with students they don't know...are important．”可知，Chanthaphone希望他们与不认识的学生合作，因为团队合作和与不熟悉的人协作很重要。据此可知，她很重视课堂上学生的沟通能力。]
11．A [标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了Chanthaphone不会用英语阅读和写作，在Lewis老师的鼓励下对学习充满信心，最后也成了一名老师，像她的老师那样去鼓励学生要对自己和学习充满信心的故事。据此可知，A项“我曾和你一样”最适合作本文标题。]
Ⅱ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者三个月前买的汽车因为电池工作时间太久而无法启动。在换了新电池后，仪表板上的时间回到了车子第一次被启动的时间。作者由此回想起以前的种种，认为不必为曾经未做的事遗憾终身，而要对当前的选择心存喜悦。
1．A [根据常识可知，电池是买汽车时汽车自带的，已经工作了很长时间。come along with“随同，和……一起来”。]
2．C [根据该句中的“to take an early，permanent retirement”可知，这个电池已经用了太久，选择提前退休。C项“选择”。]
3．B [根据该句中的“gave me jump leads”可知，邻居是一位热心肠的人。B项“好心的”，故B项正确。A项“随和的”；C项“勤奋的”；D项“脾气好的”，都与语境不符。]
4．D [根据该句中表转折的连词“but”可知，虽然邻居帮忙了，但是电池还是充不进电。hold表示“保存，存贮”，故D项正确。]
5．B [根据该句中的“to buy a new one”可知，我朝着当地的汽车配件商店走去；head to“朝某地走去”。]
6．A [根据该句中的“so I took it...once again”可知，安装电池远比我想象的要复杂，所以我把它拿到一个当地的机械修理工那里了。A项“复杂的”，故A项正确。]
7．C [根据该句中的“who finally got the new battery in”可知，机械修理工帮助他安装好了电池，据此可以推知，汽车可以再次跑起来。]
8．D [根据该句中的“that the time and the date on the screen in the dashboard”可知，我注意到了仪表板上的时间和日期；D项“看(或听)到；注意到……”，故D项正确。]
9．A [根据常识可知，装新电池后，仪表板上的时间会突然回到车子第一次被启动的时间。A项“突然”，故A项正确。]
10．B [参见上题解析。B项“起初的；最早的；原来的”，故B项正确。]
11．B [根据语境可知，我的儿子聪明地弄清楚了如何将时间设定到今天；B项“设定(机器、系统等的)程序”，故B项正确。]
12．C [根据该句中的“and missteps”可知，空处和“missteps”呼应；结合全句内容可知，我很希望能够回到过去，消除在生活中犯下的一些错误和失误。C项“错误”。]
13．B [根据该句中的“but they have also brought me wisdom for the present”，再结合常识可知，我的许多选择在过去给我带来了痛苦，但它们也给现在带来了智慧。B项“痛苦”，故B项正确。]
14．A [根据该句中的“don't regret the roads not taken”可知，当你审视自己的人生时，不要后悔没有走的路。A项“看；仔细地考虑；浏览”，故A项正确。B项“由……产生”；C项“集中”；D项“控制”，都与语境不符。]
15．D [根据该句中的“Instead”可知，下文与前文构成转折关系，即不要对没有选择的路遗憾，而要对当前的路心存喜悦。D项“高兴；愉快；满意”，故D项正确。]
Ⅲ．[参考范文]
A role model to learn from
A role model for me to learn from is Tu Youyou，a researcher in medicine，who has a positive influence on my growth．
I read about her winning the Nobel Prize in a magazine．What impressed me most was that she and her team examined over 2，000 old medical texts and evaluated 280，000 plants．Having failed numerous times，they finally succeeded．
I learn from her that only with devotion and persistence can we overcome difficulties and make a contribution to society．课时分层作业(二)
必修第一册 Unit 2 Exploring English
Ⅰ．阅读理解(限时7分钟)
(2022·石家庄市高中毕业班教学质量检测)
At just 19 years old，Akisa Peters teaches at a college．He specializes in a language that is thousands of years old，the Dakota language，spoken by the Dakota people．
“The Dakota language is ‘the most important aspect’ of Dakota culture．Without it，our Dakota culture would no longer exist，” Peters claimed．“I was lucky to grow up around many first-language Dakota speakers．But now the elderly continually passed away and at the end of their lives，they just wanted to know their families would continue to have the language．One of the problems our people have is finding ways to get at length and consistent exposure to the language．”
Aside from giving instruction at the college level，Peters uses social media to share videos that integrate humor，culture，and basic-level conversation to help teach Dakota．In his free time，he visits Dakota elders．He also started an online group of the youth to converse and share the knowledge of the language in a safe and supportive space．
Akisa Peters wants to tell the youth that if they want to learn their own language，sit with their elders and learn from them．Endless vocabulary sheets could discourage them from learning．Standards created by non-speakers could also do that．“Within the next decade，I assume，I，my colleagues，and other Dakota-learning relatives will have children and start a new generation of Dakota．I also hope my brothers and sisters will take the path we laid out for them and continue to learn and speak Dakota．On my reservation there are numerous young people working on the comeback of the language．I'm hopeful because I'm definitely not alone，”Akisa Peters told Teen Vogue．
1．Why does Akisa Peters teach the Dakota language
A．To enrich his experience．
B．To record its written form．
C．To prevent it from dying out．
D．To make it known globally．
2．What can we say about Akisa Peters according to paragraph 3
A．Learned． B．Creative．
C．Approachable． D．Cooperative．
3．What does Akisa Peters expect the young people to do
A．Deal with vocabulary sheets．
B．Sustain the given standards．
C．Communicate with their elders．
D．Learn from their teachers．
4．Which section of a website is the text probably taken from
A．Research． B．Business．
C．Fashion． D．Culture．
Ⅱ．阅读七选五(限时7分钟)
(2022·成都市摸底测试)
Learning a new language like English can be a challenge．__1__Classes are important，and so is disciplined practice．It can even be fun．Here are some guidelines to help you become a better English learner．
Study every day．Learning any new language is a time-consuming process，more than 300 hours according to some estimates．Rather than try and cram a few hours of review once or twice a week，most experts say short，regular study sessions are more effective．__2__
__3__Instead of focusing on one single task for the entire study session，try mixing things up．Study a little grammar，then do a short listening exercise，then perhaps read an article on the same topic．Don't do too much；20 minutes on three different exercises is plenty．The variety will keep you engaged and make studying more fun．
Read，watch，and listen．Reading English-language newspapers and books，listening to music，or watching TV can also help you improve your written and verbal comprehension skills．__4__
Write it down．Repetition is key as you're learning English，so writing is a great way to practice．__5__By making a habit of writing，you'll also find your reading and comprehension skills improved over time．You may even discover you've got a talent for writing．
A．Keep things fresh．
B．Play vocabulary and grammar games．
C．But with regular study，it can be done．
D．It doesn't matter whether you use a computer or pen and paper．
E．Non-native English speakers sometimes struggle with doing so．
F．As little as 30 minutes a day can help you improve your English skills over time．
G．By doing so repeatedly，you'll absorb things like speech patterns，accents，and grammar．
Ⅲ．语法填空(限时6分钟)
(2022·湖南省名校联考)
Sweet Art—Sugar Painting
In and around China's southwestern Sichuan Province，one can often find folk artists producing sugar paintings with liquid sugar along the streets and in the parks．
According to some academic studies，sugar painting originated from the Ming Dynasty when sugar animals and figures 1．________(make) in molds (模具) as part of a sacrifice in religious ceremonies．In the Qing Dynasty，sugar painting gained more 2．________(popular)．The production techniques were upgraded and the patterns became more various，most of 3．________stood for good luck such as the fish，dragon and monkey．Afterward，the folk artists in Sichuan 4．________(develop)this art by adding techniques of the Chinese shadow puppet and Chinese paper-cutting．The molds were also replaced 5．________ a small bronze spoon．As time passed by，the contemporary form of sugar painting has 6．________(gradual) evolved．
Although the number of sugar painters has decreased，due to its unique charm，a certain number of artists are making efforts 7．________(preserve) it by offering classes，holding relevant 8．________(activity) such as sugar painting contests and applying for the National Non-Material Cultural Heritage．
Nowadays，this art is getting support again from the general public 9．________ it has already been listed as Provincial Non-Material Culture Heritage by the Sichuan Provincial Government．Moreover，the sugar painting artists have gained 10．________(increase) recognition．
Ⅳ．读后续写(限时25分钟)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2022·重庆市第一学期考试)
A young and successful manager was traveling down a neighborhood street，going a bit too fast in his new car．He was watching for kids darting (飞奔) between parked cars and slowed down when he thought he saw something．As his car passed，no children appeared．Instead，a pebble hit violently into the car's side door．He stepped on the brake and backed his car back to the spot where the pebble had been thrown．
The angry driver then jumped out of the car，grabbed the nearest kid and pushed him up against the parked car shouting，“What was that all about and who are you Just what the heck are you doing That's a new car and that pebble you threw is going to cost a lot of money．Why did you do it？”
The young boy was apologetic．“Please，mister．．．please，I'm sorry but I didn't know what else to do，” he explained．“I threw the pebble because no one else would stop．．．” With tears rolling down his face and off his chin，the boy pointed to a spot just around a parked car．“It's my brother，” he said．“He rolled off the sidewalk and fell out of his wheelchair and I can't lift him up．” Now sobbing，the boy asked the astonished manager，“Would you please help me get him back into his wheelchair He's hurt and he's too heavy for me．”
注意：1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Moved beyond words，the driver cooled his anger．_________________________
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The driver watched the boy pushing his wheelchair-bound brother down the sidewalk toward their home．_____________________________________________
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_________________________________________________________________课时分层作业(二)
Ⅰ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。19岁的Akisa Peters通过自己的工作并在业余时间借助社交媒体等方式教授和传播Dakota语言和文化。
1．C [推理判断题。根据第二段中Akisa Peters所说的话可以推断出，Akisa Peters选择教授Dakota语是为了防止这一语言消失，为了让他们的文化得以延续，故C项正确。]
2．B [推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Peters uses social media...to help teach Dakota”可知，Akisa Peters借助社交媒体分享能够将幽默、文化和简单对话融合在一起的视频来教授Dakota语，由此可见，他是一个有创造力的人，故B项正确。learned“博学的，学术性的”；approachable“和蔼可亲的，易理解的”。]
3．C [细节理解题。根据第四段中的“if they want to...learn from them”可知，Akisa Peters建议想要学习语言的年轻人多和他们的长辈交流学习，故C项正确。]
4．D [文章出处题。根据文章大意可知，本文主要讲述了19岁的Akisa Peters教授和传播Dakota语和文化的故事，由此可以推断，这样的文章应该出自文化专栏，故D项正确。]
Ⅱ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了成为一名更好的英语学习者所需要的方法和技巧。
1．C [考查上下文衔接。根据空前的“学像英语一样的一门新语言可能是一个挑战”和空后的“课堂是重要的，有纪律的训练也是重要的”可推知，空处应该会讲学一门语言其实也没那么难，故C项符合语境。]
2．F [考查上下文衔接。本段首句讲到了“每天学习”，空前讲到了“短时的、有规律的学习更加有效”，因此空处讲到的应该是与学习用时相关的内容，故F项符合语境。]
3．A [考查段落主旨句。本段主要讲了通过做许多不同的事情让学习变得有趣，所以A项“保持事物的新鲜感”符合语境。]
4．G [考查上下文衔接。本段主旨句讲到了“阅读、观看和聆听”，空前一句也是围绕这三个词展开的，因此空处讲到的应该是这样做的好处，故G项“通过反复这样做，你将学会语言模式、发音和语法”符合语境。]
5．D [考查上下文衔接。本段主旨句讲到了“写下来”，空前讲到了写作是练习的一个很好的方法，因此空处可能会讲到写作工具，故D项符合语境。]
Ⅲ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了糖画起源于明朝，经过历代手艺人的努力，糖画现已被列为四川省非物质文化遗产。此外，糖画艺术家也得到了越来越多的认可。
1．were made [考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，make在句中作从句的谓语。结合时间状语the Ming Dynasty可知，时态需要用到一般过去时；主语和make之间为逻辑上的动宾关系；主语animals and figures为复数，所以空处应填were made。]
2．popularity [考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，该空作gained的宾语，需要用名词，所以空处应填popular的名词形式popularity。]
3．which [考查关系词。分析句子结构可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为表示“物”的名词patterns，所以空处应填which。]
4．developed [考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，develop在句中作谓语。结合语境可知，时态需要用到一般过去时；又因主语和谓语之间构成主动关系，所以空处需要填developed。]
5．with/by [考查介词。此处考查固定搭配be replaced with/by sth．，意为“被……替代”，所以空处需要填with/by。]
6．gradually [考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰谓语动词evolved，需要用到副词，所以应填gradually。]
7．to preserve [考查非谓语动词。此处考查固定搭配make efforts to do sth．，意为“努力做某事”，所以空处应填to preserve。]
8．activities [考查名词复数。根据空后列举的活动可知，此空需填名词的复数形式。]
9．and [考查连词。分析句子结构可知，前后句之间是并列关系，所以空处应填and。]
10．increasing [考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，此处修饰名词recognition，需要用到形容词，所以应填increasing。]
Ⅳ．【写作思路】
文章大意：一位事业有成的年轻经理正开着自己的汽车在附近街区里行驶，突然一块鹅卵石砸到了车上，这让他很恼火。他倒车到扔鹅卵石的地方，一下车就揪住离他最近的一个男孩，并大声斥责。小男孩哭着说，他哥哥的轮椅滚出了人行道，哥哥也从轮椅上摔了下来；他自己扶不起来，可是没人帮他，他只能扔鹅卵石引起别人注意。他问经理能不能帮他扶起哥哥……
谋篇布局：第一段结合提示句“Moved beyond words，the driver cooled his anger．”可知，经理听完小男孩的叙述之后情绪平静了下来。据此可以推断，经理应该会帮助小男孩把哥哥扶起来。考生在本段可就经理如何帮忙展开详细描写。注意时态仍为一般过去时，双方之间可以有简单对话。
第二段结合提示句“The driver watched the boy pushing his wheelchair bound brother down the sidewalk toward their home．”可知，本段应该会写经理的感悟。考生应注意升华主题。
[参考范文]
Moved beyond words，the driver cooled his anger．He hurriedly lifted the handicapped boy back into the wheelchair．On seeing the bleeding cuts，the man took out his white handkerchief and wiped the wound gently with great care．A quick look told him everything was going to be okay．When the driver was about to leave，the young brother stepped forward．“Thank you，”said the grateful child，tears filling his eyes．
The driver watched the boy pushing his wheelchair bound brother down the sidewalk toward their home．It was a long，slow walk back to the car．The damage was very noticeable，but the driver never bothered to repair the damaged side door．He kept it there to remind him of this message: “Don't go through your life so fast that someone has to throw a pebble at you to get your attention！”课时分层作业(三)
必修第一册 Unit 3 Family matters
Ⅰ．阅读理解
(2022·沈阳市高三联考)
The Hope Festival is a not for profit music festival supporting different charities each year．It kicks off the summer music festival season and is a place to have a great time! The Hope Festival is a celebration of love and life and originally started 30 years ago as a wedding party．Today it is an energetic festival in which you can grab some great food，listen to live music and enjoy the joy of camping! The Hope Festival starts officially at 12 noon on Friday but you may arrive at any time on Friday．If you like an extra night in a tent，you can arrive on Thursday afternoon and pay ￡10 per person to the farmer for camping．
The Hope Festival has the following attractions：
Over 70 live acts and 3 music stages including the Main Stage，the Windmill Inn Bar Stage and the Festival Folly Stage—the place to the Hope's Got Talent competition．
The Piano Tent—a great place to enjoy some amazing prepared music!
The campfire—warm yourself by our campfire．
The Kids Workshops Tent—great fun and games for the kids of the festival where they make their costumes for our Fancy Dress Kids Procession at midday on Sunday．The Fancy Dress Kids Procession ends with a magic show performed in the Piano Tent on Sunday afternoon．
We also have cafes，juice bars and licensed bars with great real ale．
Note：NO DOGS are allowed on site!
There is a ￡10 increase in adult ticket prices if you want to buy tickets at the box office．Tickets are refundable up to 30 days before the event，and available to purchase until Wednesday 23rd May at 11 p．m．，subject to availability．
1．What can we know about the Hope Festival
A．It starts at 12 noon on Thursday．
B．It focuses on a wedding celebration．
C．It has a history of three decades．
D．A family will be charged ￡10 if camping．
2．Where can kids see a magic show
A．In a licensed bar．
B．In the Piano Tent．
C．In the Kids Workshops Tent．
D．On the Main Stage．
3．What should people pay attention to
A．Pets are not allowed in．
B．The admission fee is ￡10 per person．
C．Kids should take their own costumes．
D．The prices of adult tickets paid at the box office are higher．
(2022·安徽省名校联盟质量检测)
The use of social media has been linked to mental health problems in teenagers．But a new study from England argues that the issue may be more complex than experts think．
The new research interviewed 10，000 teenagers，who reported the frequency they used social media．The frequency of more than three times a day was considered “very frequent”．But the researchers，for the first time，went a step further to investigate what kind of websites made the teenagers frequenters．They found that，in both sexes，very frequent visits to social media with negative(负面的)content were associated with greater mental depression and anxiety．
“Our results suggest social media itself doesn't cause harm，but that frequent use may disrupt(使中断) activities that positively influence mental health such as sleeping and exercising，while increasing exposure of young people to harmful content，”said Russell Viner，the co author of the UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health．
It's an important discovery．Just last month，research from Canada showed that higher level of the use of social media was linked with increased mental depression in adolescents．
With this study，the problem is put in a better context．It's not necessarily social media that are causing these issues．It's more likely the content that young people are exposed to and their hindrance (妨碍) of healthy sleep and exercise．
Bob Patton，a lecturer at the University of Surrey，said this means that remedies focusing only on reducing the use of social media to improve mental health might not help．“Finding ways to improve the online content and promote better sleep and exercise is needed to reduce physical and psychological harm，”said he．
“If healthy lifestyles can be kept，the positive effects of the use of social media，such as encouraging social interactions，can be more supported，”said Ann DeSmet，an assistant professor at the University of Antwerp in Belgium．
4．How does the new research differ from the previous studies
A．By carrying out detailed interviews．
B．By focusing on both girls and boys．
C．By analyzing the social media content．
D．By studying a larger number of teenagers．
5．What did Russell Viner say about social media
A．It didn't cause any mental problems in teenagers．
B．Its abuse may negatively change the healthy lifestyle．
C．Its harmful content should be reduced immediately．
D．It encouraged social interactions among adolescents．
6．Which of the following best explains “remedies” underlined in paragraph 6
A．Measures． B．Effects．
C．Experiments． D．Differences．
7．What is the author's purpose of writing the text
A．To prove the harmful effects of social media．
B．To show the proper way to use social media．
C．To present related studies and discoveries．
D．To introduce an important new discovery．
(2022·沈阳市教学质量监测)
Constantly forcing knowledge and experiences into your brain may seem like the quickest path to self improvement．But sometimes the best thing you can do for your brain is absolutely nothing at all．
Paying less attention to surroundings — whether by showering，pulling weeds，or petting a dog — provides an opportunity for what psychologists call wakeful rest．It's a time when you can put immediate tasks aside like how to meet the work deadline and instead focus on current feelings，reflect on the past，and think about the future．
In the blankness，MRI (核磁共振成像) brain imaging shows a harmony of gray matter called the default mode network (默认模式网络) takes control．Neuroscientists (神经系统科学家) still don't completely understand how this system works，but they think it connects harmonious parts of our brains，which can help us find meaning in our messy lives．“This blankness might also reduce anxiety，boost creativity，and improve memory，” says Mary Helen Immordino Yang，a neuroscientist at the University of Southern California's Brain and Creativity Institute．
The trouble is，the battle of life leaves little room to let your mind wander．Many spend their free time consuming entertainment．It may feel relaxing but requires brainpower to enjoy．Fortunately，there are ways to encourage your resting state network to take over：
FIND YOUR JOY
Casual hobbies that are totally different from your day job can help prevent out of office anxiety．
GET AWAY
New surroundings give your brain a break from environmental cues，like the sight of your desk and laptop that tell it to work．
SWITCH OFF
Information can be too attractive to ignore．Turning off any and all devices helps maintain relaxation mode．
8．What is “wakeful rest” according to the psychologists in the text
A．It is a time to pay less attention to surroundings．
B．It is a system to take control．
C．It is a state to concentrate．
D．It is an opportunity to work．
9．In what aspect can this blankness benefit us
A．Promoting creativity．
B．Managing moods．
C．Removing anxiety．
D．Controlling brains．
10．Which activity does the author suggest to a stressful software engineer
A．Working on his desk in a new office．
B．Playing his favorite computer games．
C．Doing some gardening in the backyard．
D．Developing a software with colleagues．
11．Where can we probably read the text
A．A book review．
B．A science journal．
C．A guide book．
D．A film poster．
Ⅱ．完形填空
(2022·武汉市高三毕业生五月供题)
It was a cold November morning．My alarm clock had just __1__off but I was having trouble getting out of bed．
My Dad，who was my hero when I grew up，had passed away a few weeks before，leaving me weighed down by __2__and depression．Dad loved me．But，he had been raised in a(n) __3__ way and raised us that way too．I couldn't remember，for example，ever being __4__ by him after I grew up．Before his __5__，we talked more，but still __6__ touched and never hugged each other．Then，his health began to rapidly __7__ and within a few months he left us．
That morning，I was too numb (麻木的) inside myself to __8__ anything．I kept thinking what I would have __9__ in exchange for just one last hug from him．Sad and weak，I was unable to gather __10__ to get up．When I finally did and __11__ out，my son，rushing to meet me，suddenly，__12__ his arms and gave me a heartfelt hug．Meanwhile，my Dad's __13__ rang deep inside me，“Joey，this hug is from me！”Tears welled up in my eyes．Right then，I realized I couldn't __14__ on life．
Life can seem very long but in truth it is so __15__ that we can never afford to miss a dearest hug！
1．A．taken B．gone
C．come D．set
2．A．anxiety B．surprise
C．sadness D．curiosity
3．A．single handed B．open minded
C．cold blooded D．old fashioned
4．A．criticized B．loved
C．hugged D．cheered
5．A．treatment B．return
C．retirement D．death
6．A．rarely B．instantly
C．regularly D．usually
7．A．improve B．recover
C．restore D．fail
8．A．understand B．feel
C．see D．say
9．A．given B．lost
C．bought D．got
10．A．attention B．speed
C．strength D．support
11．A．walked B．cried
C．climbed D．slipped
12．A．waved B．opened
C．crossed D．raised
13．A．sound B．comment
C．voice D．scream
14．A．drop in B．cut down
C．miss out D．give up
15．A．brief B．precious
C．different D．significant格格
Ⅲ．应用文写作
(2022·南京市六校联合体调研测试)
假定你是李华，上周五你们班在班主任的带领下参加了“为社区志愿服务”的活动。请你写一篇短文，介绍这次活动，内容包括：
1．活动时间、地点；
2．活动过程；
3．个人感受。
注意：1．写作词数应为80左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
A Volunteer Experience
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_________________________________________________________________课时分层作业(三)
Ⅰ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。本文主要介绍了希望音乐节这样一个每年支持不同慈善机构的非营利音乐节。
1．C [细节理解题。根据第一段中的“and originally started 30 years ago as a wedding party”可知，希望音乐节开始于30年前，故C项正确。]
2．B [细节理解题。根据文中的“The Fancy Dress Kids Procession ends with a magic show performed in the Piano Tent”可知，孩子们可以在Piano Tent看魔术表演，故B项正确。]
3．D [细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“There is a ￡10 increase in adult ticket prices if you want to buy tickets at the box office．”可知，在售票处买成人票的话会多花10英镑，故D项正确。]
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。一项研究发现青少年使用社交媒体的频率与心理健康之间有很复杂的关系。
4．C [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But the researchers，for the first time，went a step further to investigate what kind of websites made the teenagers frequenters．”可知，本次研究与之前研究的不同之处在于，本次研究调查了青少年浏览社交媒体的内容，故C项正确。]
5．B [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“but that frequent use...exposure of young people to harmful content”可知，频繁地使用社交媒体会中断那些给心理健康带来积极影响的活动，故B项正确。]
6．A [词义猜测题。根据第六段中的“might not help”和“Finding ways...psychological harm”可知，画线词所在句表达的是仅关注减少社交媒体使用的方法来改善心理健康可能是无用的，所以画线词的意思应该与A项“Measures”最为接近。]
7．D [写作意图题。根据全文内容尤其是第一段中的主旨句“But a new study from England argues that the issue may be more complex than experts think．”可知，本文旨在介绍一项新的研究结果，故D项正确。]
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。人们一般认为不停地往大脑里输入信息是自我提升的最好方式，但是研究发现可能什么也不往大脑里放才是最好的方式。
8．A [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Paying less attention to surroundings — whether by showering，pulling weeds，or petting a dog — provides an opportunity for what psychologists call wakeful rest．”可知，wakeful rest意味着你可以通过淋浴、除草、抚摸狗等方式让大脑放空一下，不过多关注周围环境，故A项正确。]
9．A [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“This blankness might also reduce anxiety，boost creativity，and improve memory”可知，大脑放空可以减少焦虑、激发创造力、增强记忆力，故A项正确。]
10．C [推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Casual hobbies that are totally different from your day job can help prevent out of office anxiety．”可知，与你日常工作完全不同的爱好可以让你远离焦虑，所以一个软件工程师压力过大的话，可以尝试做做园艺，这可以让他/她不再感到那么有压力，故C项正确。]
11．B [文章出处题。本文主要讲述了人们一般认为不停地往大脑里输入信息是自我提升的最好方式，但是研究发现可能什么也不往大脑里放才是最好的方式。作者还通过脑核磁共振成像提供了科学支撑，并给出了一些建议，因此该文章应该源自一篇科学报道，故B项正确。]
Ⅱ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者的父亲比较守旧，一生中从未拥抱过作者，父亲去世后，作者心情非常低落，以至于快要失去生活的勇气，后来作者儿子的一个拥抱改变了作者。
1．B [考查语境推断。由语境“My alarm clock ...I was having trouble getting out of bed．”可知，此处指的是闹钟响了，故用go off“(警报器等)突然发出巨响”。]
2．C [考查语境推断。由上文信息“My Dad，who was my hero when I grew up，had passed away”以及空后的“depression”可知，对应的情感应为C项“sadness”。]
3．D [考查语境推断。由下文叙述“we talked more，but still touched and never hugged each other”可知，父亲是被守旧的方式养育成人的，因此其抚养孩子的方式也比较保守，故选D。]
4．C [考查语境推断。由全文以及下文叙述“we talked more，but still touched and never hugged each other”可知，父亲从没有拥抱过作者。]
5．D [考查语境推断。由“we talked more，but still touched and never hugged each other”可知，这描述的是作者的父亲去世(death)之前的事情，故选D。]
6．A [考查语境推断。父亲抚养孩子的方式比较保守，故可推断和孩子身体方面接触很少。故A项符合语境。]
7．D [考查语境推断。由下文关键信息“within a few months he left us”可推断，作者父亲的健康状况急剧恶化，故选D。fail“出故障，衰退”。]
8．B [考查语境推断。根据上文中的“I was too numb inside myself to”可知，因为麻木和感觉有关，故用feel，此处表示：我内心太麻木了，以至于感觉不到任何东西。]
9．A [考查语境推断。由下文中的“in exchange for just one last hug from him”可知，作者假想一种交易，要想得到父亲的一个拥抱，自己需要付出什么，故选A。]
10．C [考查语境推断。由上文中的“Sad and weak”再结合关键词“get up”可知，作者不能积聚力量(strength)起床。]
11．A [考查语境和常识推断。由上文可知作者起了床，因此应是走出房间，故用walked。]
12．B [考查语境推断。由下文中的“and gave me a heartfelt hug” 推断，他需要张开(opened)双臂，故答案为B。]
13．C [考查语境推断。由下文中的“Joey，this hug is from me！”可知，这是来自父亲的声音(voice)。]
14．D [考查语境推断。由首段信息以及第二段可知，作者自从父亲去世后极度悲伤、沮丧，以至于起床都困难，所以当听到父亲的声音时便意识到不能放弃生活。drop in“顺道拜访”；cut down“砍倒；减少”；miss out“错失”，故选D。]
15．A [考查语境推断。由上文中的“Life can seem very long but in truth”尤其是but可知，此处应用与long构成对比的词，故选A。brief“短暂的；简洁的”。]
Ⅲ．[参考范文]
A Volunteer Experience
Last Friday，our class participated in an activity called Volunteer to Serve the Community．
At 8 o'clock in the morning，we walked to Red Star Community．On arrival，our headteacher assigned different tasks and under his patient instructions，we cleaned the windows，swept the ground and even shared stories with some elderly people．The activity lasted about 3 hours，and at about 12 o'clock，we went back to our school．
The meaningful activity offered us a good chance to help others．Tired as we were，we did feel the pleasure and value of service．课时分层作业(四)
必修第一册 Unit 4 Friends forever
Ⅰ．阅读理解(限时7分钟)
(2022·昆明市摸底诊断测试)
Less than a quarter of families in Britain sit down for a “screen-free” dinner together every day away from TVs，phones and devices (设备)，according to research．The research was carried out to mark the launch of Vodafone Pro with Alexa，featuring a unique “Dinnertime” function which allows families to have 30 minutes of digital downtime．
A study of 1，600 parents，with at least one child at home，found six in ten admit getting children to switch off their devices is the biggest cause of disagreements in their household，leading to an average of two quarrels a day．The research also found it takes almost ten minutes for a child to switch off their devices after being asked to．
Almost all parents feel having a break from technology is important for family relationships．And 86 percent think dinner time is an important part of the day for spending quality time together．However，despite this，93 percent of parents believe technology is important for a child's development，with 98 percent using digital devices to aid their learning．
Dr．Anna Colton，clinical child psychologist，commented，“Technology plays a huge part in all of our lives，and improves our work，learning and leisure．” She added，“However，it is vital to take time away from our screen and connect with family and friends face-to-face，particularly at mealtimes－both for ourselves and for our relationships with loved ones，to develop relationships．”
Max Taylor，consumer director at Vodafone UK，said，“30 minutes is the proper amount of time for families to connect with one another away from screens，because it's long enough to have meaningful conversations，a meal or play a game—but not so long that it feels worrying or stressful．”
1．Why do children often quarrel with their parents according to the text
A．They are unwilling to help with housework．
B．They are urged to turn off digital devices．
C．They are late for dinner with their parents．
D．They are stressed with too much homework．
2．What message does Dr．Colton mainly want to convey
A．Technology enables families to spend quality time．
B．Screen time is of importance to children's learning．
C．Face-to-face communication can build good relationships．
D．30 minutes is a proper time for mealtime communication．
3．How does the author present the research findings
A．By providing some data．
B．By giving some examples．
C．By making a comparison．
D．By analyzing the cause．
4．Where can the text be found
A．In a textbook．
B．In a science report．
C．In a fashion magazine．
D．In a travel brochure．
Ⅱ．阅读七选五(限时7分钟)
(2022·广州市阶段训练)
Are you sitting more than ever __1__You're probably sitting while reading this．Sometimes you sit when you are driving or attending a meeting．Other times you sit when you engage yourself in watching a movie or playing computer games．That's undoubtedly a lot of sitting．The fact is that the amount of time spent sitting has increased over time．__2__
We know sitting too much is bad，and most of us naturally feel a little guilty after a long-time TV watching．__3__A study on nearly 8，000 adults suggests that there's a direct relationship between the time spent sitting and our risk of early death of any cause．As the total sitting time increases，so does the risk of early death．
“Sit less，move more” is what the Heart Foundation encourages us to do．__4__ It is like telling people to just “exercise” without telling them how．Exercise guidelines are always more practical．For example，the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend adults do exercise for two hours and 30 minutes every week，plus muscle strengthening activities two or more days a week．We need similar guidelines for sitting．
__5__“It would probably be like this: for every 30 continuous minutes of sitting，stand up and move or walk for five minutes at a quick pace，” Diaz，the lead researcher said，adding that the study has put us a step closer to the satisfying guidelines．But more researches are needed to confirm their approaches．
A．Now it's time to get up and move around．
B．Take a moment to think about your sitting activities．
C．Health experts also suggest exercising on a daily basis．
D．But this rule is just too simple and abstract to make a difference．
E．As of today，average adults will spend 56%－86% of their daily time sitting．
F．But what exactly goes wrong when we park ourselves for nearly eight hours per day
G．To make up for the weakness，a research team is working on more specific guidelines．
Ⅲ．语法填空(限时6分钟)
(2022·安徽省名校联盟质检)
A fan can drive summer heat away and help bring a cool breeze (微风)．Since ancient 1．________(time)，the Chinese fan has been carrying artistic and unique 2．________(nation) style，and China has always been regarded 3．________“the kingdom of fans”．
The fan first 4．________(appear) in China about 3，000 years ago，in the Shang and Zhou Dynasties．However，the fan in the early period was used as the symbol of etiquette (礼仪)，5．________ it was called “the fan of honor”．
After the Qin and Han Dynasties，the main shapes of fans were square，round and hexagon (六边形)．The material 6．________(use) to make fans was mainly silk．Because the silk fans were often used in the royal court，people called them “court fans”．The person 7．________held the silk fan always appeared gentle．
During the Sui and Tang Dynasties，the common fans were round fans，feather fans，and some paper fans．The folding fan 8．________(gradual) became popular after the Song Dynasty．In the Ming and Qing Dynasties，the folding fan was popular in Zhejiang，Jiangsu and Sichuan．Then the 9．________(popular) of writing poems and drawing pictures on the cover of a fan was rising．Afterwards this skill 10．________(introduce) to Europe and became popular all over the world．
Ⅳ．读后续写(限时25分钟)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2022·南京市学情调研)
My parents love the saying “If at first you don't succeed，try，try again．” so much that they even bought a pillow with those words on it．But I was recently in a situation where I was so ready to give up．
It started last week when my friend Ollie and I were helping his grandmother Mary to carry boxes from her garage to her car for the homeless shelter rummage sale(旧杂物义卖)．
At the sight of a big old trunk (大箱子)，we asked Mary what was inside．But she told us that as she had lost the key，she had to find a master locksmith to figure it out．“Let me have a try，” said Ollie．“I bet I can open that lock in two minutes flat! Maybe there's a treasure inside，like gold or diamonds or an ancient map！”
Mary smiled，“I'll tell you what．If you two treasure hunters can open this trunk，you can have it，along with whatever is inside．”
Ollie got a tool kit and we set out to open the lock．But he definitely lost that bet．Those two minutes turned into two hours，with no luck at all．We had tried every tool in the kit，but the lock wouldn't move slightly．
“It's no use，” Ollie sighed．“I guess we have to give up．”
“But we can't give up！” I said．“What about ‘If at first you don't succeed，try，try again．’？”
Ollie shook his head．“Unless you know a magical key fairy，we're never getting this unlocked．”
Just then，my little brother Tex showed up．He showed great interest in the trunk．“It looks like an upside-down boat! Can I turn it over and pretend I'm sailing in the ocean？”
“Sure，” Ollie replied．“It's no good for anything else．”
“Ahoy！” Tex said，climbing on the top after Ollie and I turned it over．“I'm the captain！” He giggled as he jumped up and down．And right then，a screw (螺丝) from a hinge (铰链) came loose and rolled to the floor．
注意：1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
“That's it！I know how to open it！” said Ollie．
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Oh! There were only lots of shoes in the trunk!
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_________________________________________________________________课时分层作业(四)
Ⅰ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。英国的一项研究发现只有不到1/4的家庭会每天放下电子设备一起吃饭。文章主要讲述了研究结果和一些人的观点。
1．B [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“six in ten...two quarrels a day”可知，父母让孩子关掉电子设备是导致经常吵架的原因，故B项正确。]
2．C [细节理解题。根据第四段中的“it is vital to take time away from our screen and connect with family and friends face to face...to develop relationships”可以看出，Dr．Colton认为远离屏幕，与家人和朋友面对面交流对建立良好关系是很重要的，故C项正确。]
3．A [推理判断题。根据第二段中的“found six in ten admit”和第三段中的“Almost all parents...with 98 percent”可以看出，作者通过罗列数据来展示研究结果，故A项正确。]
4．B [文章出处题。根据第一段中的“according to research”和第二段中的“A study of 1，600 parents...found...”可以看出，本文是一篇研究报告，这样的文章一般出自科学报告，故B项正确。]
Ⅱ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。随着时间的推移，人们坐的时间越来越长了，但是久坐的风险很大。对此，一个研究团队正在研究关于久坐后如何运动的指导方针。
1．B [空前提出了一个问题“你比以前坐得多吗？”，空后则具体讲到一些久坐的行为。据此可知，空处承上启下，故B项“花一点时间想想你久坐的行为”符合语境。]
2．E [空前一句讲到随着时间的推移，我们坐的时间增加了，因此空处应该会对这一情况进行具体论述，故E项符合语境。]
3．F [空前一句讲到久坐是有害的，空后则讲到研究表明，坐的时间长短与早逝的风险有直接关系。因此，F项“但当我们每天坐将近8个小时时到底有什么问题呢？”符合语境。]
4．D [空前一句讲到心脏基金会鼓励我们“少坐多动”，而空后一句讲到这就像只告诉人们要锻炼却不告诉他们如何锻炼一样。因此，空处讲到的应该是心脏基金会的建议太空洞、不具体，所以D项符合语境。]
5．G [根据上段最后一句“对于坐，我们需要类似的指导方针”和空后讲到的具体的做法可知，空处讲到的应该是与坐的指导方针有关的内容。所以G项符合语境。]
Ⅲ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了扇子在中国的起源、发展及其文化内涵。
1．times [考查名词复数。time当“时期，时代，年代，世道”讲时，一般用复数，所以空处需要填times。]
2．national [考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰后面的名词style，需要用形容词，所以填national。]
3．as [考查介词。此处考查固定搭配be regarded as，意为“被视为/认为……”，所以空处需要填as。]
4．appeared [考查谓语动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，appear在句中作谓语，根据时间状语about 3，000 years ago可知，时态为一般过去时；appear无被动语态，所以空处需要填appeared。]
5．and/so [考查连词。空前空后皆为完整的句子，因此空处需要一个连词，结合句意可知，前后是并列或因果关系，所以空处需要填and/so。]
6．used [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句的谓语动词是was，所以use在句中是非谓语，且use与主语The material之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以空处需要填used。]
7．who/that [考查关系词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，先行词为表示“人”的名词The person，所以空处需要填who/that。]
8．gradually [考查词性转换。空处修饰后面的动词became，需要用到副词，所以空处需要填gradually。]
9．popularity [考查词性转换。根据空前的the和空后的of可知，空处一般用名词，所以需要用popular的名词形式popularity。]
10．was introduced [考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。此处与became并列作本句的谓语，所以时态应该用一般过去时；此处表示这项技术被引入欧洲，应用被动语态；主语this skill为第三人称单数，所以空处需要填was introduced。]
Ⅳ．【写作思路】
文章大意：作者父母喜欢的格言：你如果一开始没有成功，要再试一次。但作者最近在一个情形下就要放弃了。当作者和Ollie尝试了很久仍未打开Ollie奶奶的旧箱子而想要放弃时，作者想到了那句格言。此时作者的弟弟出现了，他们把箱子翻转过来玩耍时发现了一个新的解决办法。
谋篇布局：根据续写提示信息，续写第一段应写他们努力采用新的方法，最终打开了大箱子。
续写第二段首句说明他们发现箱子里的东西是许多鞋，结合文中的“旧杂物义卖”可推知他们可能会对箱子里的东西进行义卖。最后再结合父母的格言升华主题：要坚持，不要轻易选择放弃。
[参考范文]
“That's it！I know how to open it！” said Ollie．“These are regular screws．We could remove the screws so that the hinge can be taken off from the trunk！” He exclaimed with a radiant (喜气洋洋的) smile．Just now，we were so focused on the lock that we didn't try to open the trunk another way．Then we asked Tex to jump off the trunk，and turned it upright．Ollie immediately took out a screwdriver from the tool kit．In two minutes flat，he opened the trunk with my assistance．
Oh！There were only lots of shoes in the trunk! Ollie and I were pretty disappointed at the discovery，which wasn't diamonds or gold．Seeing our frustration，Mary patted us on the shoulder，saying，“These shoes are in such great shape that we can raise money by selling them at the rummage sale．” Our faces lit up and a sense of achievement crept over us．We found “treasure” after all! Our persistence finally paid off! If at first you don't succeed，try，try again．课时分层作业(五)
必修第一册 Unit 5 Into the wild
Ⅰ．阅读理解
(2022·南充市高考适应性考试)
Food festivals are a common occurrence in the UK and take place in all sorts of places and at all sorts of times．Whatever your taste，there's a food festival to match it — no matter how special．
Meatopia
This three day，London based festival takes place at the end of August or in early September and is a meat lover's paradise．In addition to a range of legally sourced meat products，from juicy burgers to tender steaks，attendees can listen to live music，watch butchery demonstrations，and attend informal meat based workshops．
The National Honey Show
If you have a sweet tooth，then it could be that the National Honey Show，which started in 1923，is the place for you．This three day event attracts many local participants who showcase their sweet golden honey，some of which is sold globally．
The Orange Sauce Festival
Have you heard about a festival that is devoted only to orange sauce Held in Cumbria，this sweet，fragrant festival has been running for many years．What attracts people most is a competition to find the best homemade orange sauce．There are thousands of participants from over 30 different countries across the globe，bringing their local snacks to share here．
The Ginger (姜) and Spice Festival
If you'd prefer something with a little more kick，then you could attend the Ginger and Spice Festival held in Market Drayton．Unlike other food festivals，it celebrates its town's historic connection to Robert Clive，who returned from India with ginger．Because of this，people here specialize in baking gingerbread，and sell a range of traditional spices from mild ones to hot ones．
1．What do Meatopia and The National Honey Show have in common
A．Both of them have a long history．
B．Both of them hold workshops．
C．Both of them originated from London．
D．They are of the same duration．
2．If you are interested in foreign food，which festival do you like best
A．The Meatopia．
B．The Ginger and Spice Festival．
C．The National Honey Show．
D．The Orange Sauce Festival．
3．What is special about The Ginger and Spice Festival
A．It sells spicy food．
B．The ginger used in the festival is from India．
C．It has something to do with a historic figure．
D．The food is cooked by Robert Clive．
(2022·杭州市第二学期教学质量检测)
They say procrastination (拖延) is the thief of time actually deadlines are．New research has found that if you want someone to help you out with something，it is best not to set a deadline at all．But if you do set a deadline，make it short．
Professor Stephen Knowles tested the effect of deadline length on task completion for their research．Participants were invited to complete an online survey concerning a charity donation．They were given either one week，one month，or no deadline to respond．Professor Knowles says although the topic of the survey was about charity，the results are true of any situation where someone asks another person for help．
The study found responses to the survey were lowest for the one month deadline and highest when no deadline was specified (明确规定)．No deadline and the one week deadline led to many early responses，while a long deadline appeared to give people permission to procrastinate．Professor Knowles wasn't surprised to find that specifying a shorter deadline increased the chances of receiving a response compared to a longer deadline．However，he did find it interesting that they received the most responses when no deadline was specified．
“We interpret this as evidence that specifying a longer deadline，as opposed to a short deadline or no deadline at all，removes the urgency to act，”he says．“People therefore put off undertaking the task，and since they are inattentive or forget，postponing it results in lower response rates．”
He says of the research that it is possible that not specifying a deadline might still have led participants to assume that there is an unspoken deadline．Professor Knowles hopes his research can help reduce the amount of procrastinating people do．“Many people procrastinate．They have the best intentions of helping someone out，but just do not get around to doing it．”
4．Why did Professor Knowles do the research
A．To study the role a deadline plays in procrastination．
B．To find out whether people are interested in charity．
C．To attract public attention to the effects of procrastination．
D．To test the effects of procrastination on task completion．
5．What most likely lead to procrastination
A．No deadlines． B．Short deadlines．
C．Specific deadlines． D．Long deadlines．
6．Why do people procrastinate when given a long deadline
A．They oppose the deadline．
B．They are unwilling to act．
C．They lack a sense of urgency．
D．They are too busy to remember．
7．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．Procrastination—the Thief of Time
B．Procrastination—an Urgent Problem to Solve
C．Deadline—a Result of Procrastination
D．Deadline—the Key to Reducing Procrastination
(2022·湖南省高三六校联考)
In order to help discover spoilage(变质)and reduce food waste for supermarkets and consumers，researchers have developed new low cost，smartphone linked，eco friendly spoilage sensors for meat and fish packaging．
One in three UK consumers throw away food just because it reaches the use by date(保存期)，but 60% of the ￡12.5 billion worth of food we throw away each year is safe to eat．
The researchers，whose findings were published in ACS Sensors，say the sensors could also eventually replace the use by date—a widely used indicator of being fresh and eatable．
The sensors cost two US cents each to make．Known as “paper based electrical gas sensors (PEGS)”，they detect spoilage gases like ammonia (a poisonous gas with a strong unpleasant smell) in meat and fish products．The information provided by the electronic nose is received by a smartphone，and then you can know whether the food is fresh and safe to eat．
Imperial College London researchers who developed PEGS made the sensors by printing carbon electrodes(电极) onto a special type of paper．The materials are eco friendly and harmless，so they don't damage the environment and are safe to use in food packaging．The sensors，combined with a tiny electronic system，then inform nearby mobile devices，which identify and understand the data about spoilage gases．
Lead author Dr．Firat Guder from the Department of Bioengineering，said，“Although they're designed to keep us safe，use by dates can lead to eatable food being thrown away．They don't always reflect its actual freshness．In fact，people often get sick from food borne diseases due to poor storage，even when an item is within its use by date．”
“These sensors are cheap enough so we hope to see supermarkets using them within three years．Our goal is to use PEGS in food packaging to reduce unnecessary food waste．”
The authors hope that PEGS could have applications beyond food processing，like sensing chemicals in agriculture and air quality，and detecting disease markers in breath like those involved in kidney disease．
8．What is the function of PEGS according to the text
A．To improve the taste of foods．
B．To improve the service of stores．
C．To help supermarkets store foods．
D．To help people test food freshness．
9．What role does the smartphone play while PEGS are functioning
A．It acts as an electronic nose．
B．It reads the data collected by PEGS．
C．It helps print the gas sensors onto paper．
D．It discovers the spoilage gases from foods．
10．What does Dr．Firat Guder say about use by dates
A．They are not completely reliable．
B．They can help reduce food waste．
C．They are based on scientific research．
D．They are not accepted by the consumers．
11．What does the author mainly talk about in the text
A．The process of researching spoilage sensors．
B．A new technology in packaging to reduce food waste．
C．The application of spoilage sensors beyond food processing．
D．The influence of use by dates on supermarkets and consumers．
Ⅱ．完形填空
(2022·厦门市第三次质量检测)
While Texans were in the thick of their unprecedented (前所未有的) winter storm，Chelsea Timmons was braving the elements to deliver groceries．She had just tapped “accept” on her final __1__ of the day when the storm started picking up．Chelsea__2__ and made it to her customer's home，but then the worst happened: Her car was __3__．
With the roads as __4__ as they were，her car slid down the driveway．__5__， it stopped just short of the house．However，it got stuck．The house owners were both __6__ and concerned when Chelsea explained what had happened．
Three of them tried every possible means to __7__ her car，but in vain．That's when the couple took the neighborly next step: They __8__ her in．
Chelsea was __9__coming into a stranger's home．After spending more time with the couple and realizing the storm made __10__ too dangerous，she was relieved to accept their __11__．Later，they cooked her dinner and __12__ one bedroom．
Chelsea was touched and even more __13__ for their generosity when learning her apartment lost electricity and water as the __14__ worsened．
“I'm glad that such wonderful people __15__ me．It turned out to be the best case scenario．”
1．A．feedback B．report
C．paycheck D．order
2．A．pushed through B．pulled back
C．hung about D．took over
3．A．out of control B．under guarantee
C．at rest D．on fire
4．A．dusty B．icy
C．empty D．busy
5．A．Annoyingly B．Instantly
C．Luckily D．Apparently
6．A．excited B．satisfied
C．annoyed D．shocked
7．A．lock B．paint
C．free D．wash
8．A．boxed B．filled
C．dragged D．invited
9．A．nervous B．comfortable
C．relaxed D．ridiculous
10．A．shopping B．travel
C．accommodation D．entertainment
11．A．offer B．appointment
C．challenge D．service
12．A．decorated B．aired
C．spared D．booked
13．A．eager B．ready
C．sorry D．grateful
14．A．pain B．market
C．storm D．confusion
15．A．followed B．sheltered
C．called D．cured
Ⅲ．应用文写作
(2022·山东济南二模)
新华中学近期组织了校园劳动周(Campus Labor Week)活动。假定你是学校英语报记者，请写一篇简短的英文报道。内容包括：
1．活动的时间与地点；
2．活动的过程；
3．对活动的评论。
注意：1．词数80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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_________________________________________________________________课时分层作业(五)
Ⅰ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了英国的四个美食节。
1．D [细节理解题。根据这两个部分中的“This three day”可知，它们的持续时间一样。]
2．D [细节理解题。根据The Orange Sauce Festival部分中的“There are thousands of participants ...bringing their local snacks to share here．”可知，该美食节有来自30多个国家的参与者带来他们当地的小吃，由此可知，对外国食物感兴趣的人应该最喜欢The Orange Sauce Festival。]
3．C [细节理解题。根据The Ginger and Spice Festival部分中的“Unlike other food festivals ...returned from India with ginger．”可知，这个美食节是为了庆祝Robert Clive从印度带姜返回，由此可知，The Ginger and Spice Festival的特殊之处是它与一位历史人物有关。]
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。本文主要阐述了Stephen Knowles教授及其团队的研究发现，该研究主要关注的是截止期限对拖延的影响。
4．A [推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Professor Stephen Knowles...for their research．”可知，Stephen Knowles教授为他们的研究，测试了截止期限长短对任务完成的影响，由此可推知，Knowles教授的研究是为了研究截止期限在拖延中所起的作用，故选A项。]
5．D [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The study found responses...permission to procrastinate．”可知，截止期限越长，拖延越严重。故选D项。]
6．C [推理判断题。根据第四段中的“We interpret this as evidence...removes the urgency to act”可知，研究发现，与短的截止日期或根本没有截止日期截然相反，指定更长的截止日期会消除采取行动的紧迫性。由此可推断，当被给到长的截止日期时，人们是由于缺乏紧迫感才拖延的，故选C项。]
7．D [标题归纳题。通读全文内容，特别是第一段中的“New research has found...make it short．”可知，文章主要介绍了Stephen Knowles教授及其团队的研究发现，该研究主要关注的是截止期限对拖延的影响，故D项最适合作本文标题。]
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项可以减少食物浪费的新发明——纸质电气气体传感器(PEGS)。该传感器制作环保，可连接到移动设备上，告知人们食物的新鲜度，以此代替食物的日期标签，从而减少食物浪费。同时还介绍了这种传感器的工作方式以及作者对此传感器未来应用领域的愿景。
8．D [细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Known as ‘paper based electrical gas sensors(PEGS)’...safe to eat．”可知，PEGS可检测出食物散发出的有毒气体比如氨气，然后把信息传到智能手机上，告知人们食物是否新鲜和安全。故PEGS的功能是帮助人们检测食物的新鲜度。故选D。]
9．B [细节理解题。根据第五段中的“The sensors...which identify and understand the data about spoilage gases．”可知，移动设备识别了解有关食物变质散发出的气体的数据。故当PEGS运行时，智能手机的作用是读取PEGS收集的数据。故选B。]
10．A [推理判断题。根据第六段“Lead author...even when an item is within its use by date．”可知，保质期并不总是反映它的实际新鲜度。故可推知，Firat Guder博士认为保质期不是完全可靠的。故选A。]
11．B [主旨大意题。根据文章内容尤其是第一段“In order to...and fish packaging．”可知，文章主要介绍了一项可以减少食物浪费的新发明，并且围绕传感器介绍了它的工作方式以及作者对此传感器未来应用领域的愿景。所以作者在文中主要介绍了一项减少食物浪费的包装新发明。故选B。]
Ⅱ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。Chelsea Timmons冒着暴风雪去送货，不曾想自己的车在一所房子前被困住了。热心的房主人主动提供帮助，却徒劳无功。于是，他们决定邀请Chelsea到家里休息住宿，Chelsea被他们的善举深深打动。
1．D [考查语境推断。根据语境和上文中的“Chelsea Timmons was braving the elements to deliver groceries”可知，暴风雪来临的时候，Chelsea Timmons按下了最后一个订单的“接收”键。feedback“反馈的意见”；paycheck“付薪水的支票，薪水”。]
2．A [考查语境推断。根据语境和上文中的“While Texans were in the thick of their unprecedented winter storm”可知，前所未有的暴风雪来临，在这种情况下要想把货物送到顾客家，Chelsea需要穿越风雪。push through“完成，挤着穿过”；pull back“拉回，撤回”；hang about“徘徊，闲逛”；take over“接管，接收”。]
3．A [考查语境推断。根据下文中的“her car slid down the driveway”可知，她的车失控了。under guarantee“在保修期内”。]
4．B [考查语境推断。根据语境和下文中的“her car slid down the driveway”可知，暴风雪中，道路结冰，她的车滑出了车道。]
5．C [考查语境推断。根据语境和下文中的“it stopped just short of the house”可知，尽管她的车滑出了车道，但是幸运的是停在了离一户人家不远的地方。]
6．D [考查语境推断。根据语境可知，当Chelsea 把情况告诉房主人时，房主人都惊呆了，对她的情况十分担心。]
7．C [考查语境推断。根据上文中的“However，it got stuck．”可知，Chelsea的车被困住了，因此房主人想要帮她把车推出来。]
8．D [考查语境推断。根据下文中的“coming into a stranger's home”可知，眼见车推不出来，房主人邀请Chelsea进屋歇息。]
9．A [考查常识推断。根据常识可知，贸然进一个陌生人的家里，对一位女士来讲，难免紧张。ridiculous“荒唐的；荒谬的”。]
10．B [考查常识推断。根据语境和常识可知，暴风雪让出行变得很难。]
11．A [考查语境推断。根据语境可知，在意识到暴风雪的威力之后，Chelsea坦然接受了那对夫妇的好意邀请。]
12．C [考查语境推断。根据语境可知，房主人不仅为Chelsea做了晚饭，还为她腾出一间屋子。]
13．D [考查常识推断。根据语境和常识可知，房主人的慷慨热情让Chelsea非常感恩。]
14．C [考查词汇复现。根据上文中的“While Texans were in the thick of their unprecedented winter storm”可知，随着暴风雪的加剧，屋里水电都停了。]
15．B [考查语境推断。根据语境和上文中的“they cooked her dinner and one bedroom”可知，房主人收留了Chelsea。]
Ⅲ．[参考范文]
In order to enhance students' awareness of labor，our school organized an activity called “Campus Labor Week” last week．
The labor week began on May 15th．Some lectures on labor skills were given on the first day，from which we benefited a lot．Planting trees and watering flowers were attractions to Senior One．Varieties of other labor projects gave us unforgettable experiences．
Undoubtedly，this event can not only enrich our school life but also offer us opportunities to learn more daily practical skills!课时分层作业(六)
必修第一册 Unit 6 At one with nature
Ⅰ．阅读理解(限时7分钟)
(2022·广东惠州第三次调研)
It is an old saw that there is nothing new under the sun．But it may still come as a surprise that human beings aren't alone in having invented vaccination (接种疫苗)．The work published by Gyan Harwood of the University of Illinois confirms that honeybees got there first．It also suggests they run the vaccination programmes like humans．
One discovery in 2015 is that queen bees vaccinate their eggs by transferring into them antigens (抗原) which start the development of a protective immune response．But that observation raises the question of how the queen receives her antigen supply in the first place，for she lives only on royal jelly (蜂王浆) produced by worker bees who act as nurses to baby bees．Dr．Harwood therefore wondered if the nurses obtain the antigens while eating nectar (花蜜)．
To test this idea，he cooperated with Heli Salmela．Together，they collected about 150 nurse bees and divided them among six queenless hives with baby bees to look after．Instead of nectar，they fed the nurses on sugar water，and for three of the hives they mixed the sugar water with a bacterium that causes a hive killing disease．
In this case，to stop such an infection happening，Dr．Harwood and Dr．Salmela heat treated the bacteria to kill them in advance．They also labeled the dead bacteria with a fluorescent dye (荧光染料) to make them easy to track．And，the result showed that pathogens (病原体) were getting into royal jelly produced by those nurse bees．
All told that nurse bees are indeed，through their royal jelly，passing antigens on to the queen，and then to the eggs．Meanwhile，after they hatch，the eggs receive antigens from the nurses as well，thus being vaccinated twice．
1．In which section of a newspaper can we find this text
A．Science． B．Education．
C．Geography． D．Medicine．
2．What does Dr．Harwood in paragraph 2 put forward
A．An assumption． B．A suggestion．
C．A theory． D．A fact．
3．Why were the nurse bees fed on sugar water instead of nectar
A．To produce bacteria．
B．To find out the antigen supply．
C．To stop infections happening．
D．To offer another food choice．
4．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text
A．Nurse Bees Invent Vaccination
B．Queen Bees Vaccinate Their Eggs
C．Honeybees Popularize Vaccination
D．Honeybees Run Vaccination Programmes
Ⅱ．阅读七选五(限时7分钟)
(2022·沈阳市高三教学质量监测)
How to Eat Better for the Planet
You are environmentally conscious and hungry．Here are answers to all your eco friendly food questions．
Does what I eat have an effect on climate change
Yes．__1__．About one quarter of the planet warming greenhouse gases are generated by humans each year．That includes raising and harvesting all the plants，animals，and animal products we eat，as well as processing，packaging，and shipping food to markets all over the world．
__2__？
When forests are cleared to make room for farms and cattle，large stores of carbon are released into the atmosphere，which heats up the planet．Also，fossil (化石)fuels are used to operate farm machinery and ship food around the globe，all of which generate emissions (排放)．
Which foods have the largest impact
__3__．Cattle accounts for roughly the same amount of emissions as all the cars，trucks，airplanes，and ships in the world today，while plant based foods like beans and grains tend to have the smallest effect．Pork，chicken，and eggs are somewhere in the middle．
Why does meat have such a big effect on the climate
It's often more efficient to grow crops for humans to eat than it is to grow crops for animals to eat and then turn those animals into food for humans．A conclusion was reached by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization in 2017．__4__．
Is there a simple food choice I can make that would reduce my climate footprint
Consuming less red meat and dairy products will typically have the biggest effect for most people in wealthy countries．A number of studies have concluded that people who eat a meat heavy diet could reduce their food related footprint by one third or more by moving to a vegetarian diet．___5___．If you don't want to go that far，just eating less meat and dairy products can reduce emissions．
A．Why do we need to change the climate
B．The world's food system is responsible for it
C．The greenhouse gases have an impact on our food
D．How exactly does food contribute to global warming
E．Giving up dairy products would reduce those emissions even further
F．On average，it takes about three pounds of grains to raise one pound of meat
G．In general，beef and lamb have the biggest climate footprint per gram of protein
Ⅲ．语法填空(限时6分钟)
(2022·沈阳市高三年级教学质量监测)
Many scientists believe our love of sugar may actually be an addiction．When we eat or drink something containing sugar，the sugar enters our blood and affects parts of our brain that make us feel good．Then the good feeling goes away
1．________(leave) us wanting more．All 2．________(taste) foods do this，but sugar has a particularly strong effect．In this way，it is in fact an addictive drug，one that doctors recommend we all cut down on．
Our bodies 3．________(design) to survive on very little sugar．Early humans often had very little food，so our bodies learned to be very efficient in storing sugar as fat． In this way，we had energy 4．________(store) for when there was no food．But today，most people have more than enough．So 5．________very thing that once saved us may now be killing us．
So what is the 6．________(solve) It's obvious that we need to eat less sugar．The trouble is，in today's world，it's extremely difficult to avoid．From breakfast cereals 7．________after dinner desserts，our foods are increasingly filled with it．Some manufacturers even use sugar to replace taste in foods that are advertised as low in fat．
But there are people and organizations 8．______are fighting back against sugar．Many schools are replacing sugary desserts with healthier options like fruit．Other schools 9．________(grow) their own food in gardens，or building 10．________(facility) like walking tracks so students and others in the community can exercise．The battle has not yet been lost．
Ⅳ．读后续写(限时25分钟)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2022·潍坊市阶段性监测)
Twenty years ago，Chase Poust was only 7．On one Sunday morning，he，his dad Steven，and his 4 year old sister Abigail，were out for a family boating trip on Florida's St．Johns River．Chase and Abigail were swimming at the back of the anchored boat while Steven was on deck(甲板) fishing．
It was a perfect outing—it was so peaceful and the colors of the deep blue sky，the light green river water and the mild late May sunshine mixed to create a magic scene．Off the shore lay quietly several cottages．Everything was sound until a strong current emerged and loosened Abigail's grasp and she let go of the boat．Instantly realizing his sister would be swept away，Chase let go of the boat as well to try to reach her．At the same time，Chase screamed at his father desperately．
Without thinking twice，Steven jumped into the water and swam towards the two kids with all his efforts．But after realizing he couldn't keep up with both kids，he was faced with a heartbroken decision．He told them he loved them very much because he wasn't sure what was going to happen．Steven tried his best to stick with both of his children．He wore himself out．But his little daughter was washed away from him．Directing Chase to swim to the shore for help，Steven stayed behind，keeping as close as he could to Abigail as the life vest that was keeping her above the waves floated further and further from his reach．
It was a tough go for the 7 year old，but rather than attempting to swim all out，Chase wisely paced himself．Stopping to float or dog paddle when he was tired，he would rest and then set off again．The current was going the opposite way of going to the boat and the shore，so it was very hard to swim for Chase．
注意：1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
An hour later，Chase swam to the shore，anyhow．____________________________________________________________
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Luckily，Steven and Abigail were found and rescued．_____________________________________________________________
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_________________________________________________________________课时分层作业(六)
Ⅰ．【语篇解读】 俗话说，天下无新事。但令人惊讶的是，并非只有人类发明了疫苗。伊利诺伊大学的Gyan Harwood博士发表的研究证实蜜蜂也像人类一样进行疫苗接种。
1．A [文章出处题。通读文章可知，第一段点明新的研究发现。根据该段中的“The work published by Gyan Harwood of the University of Illinois confirms that honeybees got there first．It also suggests they run the vaccination programmes like humans．”可知，本文主要围绕蜜蜂进行疫苗接种的研究展开，属于科普说明文，最有可能节选自报纸的科技板块，故选A项。]
2．A [推理判断题。第二段首先介绍了2015年的一项发现：蜂王通过向卵中转移抗原来给它们接种疫苗，这些抗原会启动保护性免疫反应。这样的观察结果引发了一个问题：蜂王究竟是如何获得抗原的？这是因为蜂王只靠由工蜂生产的蜂王浆为生，工蜂充当保姆照顾幼蜂。因此，这让Harwood博士想知道工蜂是否在吃花蜜时获得了抗原。Harwood博士的这种思考是基于观察发现和蜂群特点的一种假设，故选A项。]
3．B [推理判断题。文章第三段和第四段详细介绍了验证Harwood博士假设的实验过程：研究人员用糖水代替花蜜喂养工蜂，并在其中三组把糖水和一种会导致蜂群疾病的细菌混合在一起。为了阻止这种感染的发生，Harwood博士和Salmela博士对细菌进行热处理，提前杀死它们。他们还用荧光染料标记死菌，以便追踪。结果表明，病原体进入了工蜂所生产的蜂王浆中。根据实验过程可推知，用糖水代替花蜜是为了追踪蜜蜂抗原的来源，故选B项。]
4．D [标题归纳题。根据文章第一段的研究发现“It also suggests they run the vaccination programmes like humans．”可知，蜜蜂也像人类一样进行疫苗接种。后文则围绕这一研究发现的背景、实验过程以及结论详细介绍。蜜蜂进行疫苗接种呼应文章主旨句，故选D项。]
Ⅱ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。我们所吃的食物对气候变化有很大的影响，本文主要阐述了与这一话题相关的几个问题。
1．B [考查上下文衔接。本段主旨句问到了“我吃的东西对气候变化有影响吗”，本段内容对这一问题进行了回答和阐述。根据下文中的“种植和收获所有植物、动物和我们吃的动物产品，以及加工、包装和运送食品到世界各地的市场都会产生温室气体”可知，空处讲到的应该是饮食确实对气候变化产生了影响，故B项符合语境。]
2．D [考查段落主旨句。分析文章结构可知，此处是一个疑问句，A和D选项符合这一要求；根据本段讲到的内容“森林让位于农场和牛，大量碳被排放到大气中……化石能源被用于农具和运输”可知，本段应该讲到的是食物对气候造成影响的具体方式，所以D项适合作本段的主旨句。]
3．G [考查上下文衔接。本段主旨句问到了“哪种食物产生了最大的影响”，根据下文中的“牛肉产生的排放物的量和汽车、卡车、飞机和船几乎一样多”可知，空处讲到的应该是牛肉等是产生影响最大的食物，所以G项符合语境。]
4．F [考查上下文衔接。根据空前的“种植供人类吃的作物通常比种植供动物吃的作物、然后把这些动物变成人类的食物更有成效”可知，种植用于饲养动物的农作物很耗能，故F项符合语境。]
5．E [考查上下文衔接。空前一句讲到“常吃肉的人士可以通过吃素食减少与食物相关的碳足迹的三分之一甚至更多”，而空后一句讲到“如果你不想到那个程度，那么仅仅少吃肉和奶制品可以减少(碳)排放”，因此空处讲到的内容应该与减少(碳)排放有关，所以E项符合语境。]
Ⅲ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，喜欢吃糖实际上是对糖的上瘾。这种习惯严重影响着身体健康。为消除这种影响，一些学校正在用水果等作零食代替含糖甜品。
1．leaving [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果，故用动词 ing形式短语。句意：然后美好的感觉消失了，(其结果是)让我们欲罢不能。]
2．tasty [考查词性转换。形容词修饰名词，空处修饰名词foods，故用形容词形式。句意：所有美味的食物都能做到这一点，但糖有特别强烈的影响。]
3．are designed [考查动词的时态和语态。主语和谓语design之间为被动关系，故用被动语态；主语Our bodies是复数意义，故谓语动词用复数；该句陈述的是一般规律，故用一般现在时。句意：我们的身体天生就能靠少量的糖分生存。]
4．stored [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，该句使用了“have sth．done”结构；名词energy和store之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作have的宾语补足语。]
5．the [考查冠词。根据空后的定语从句可知，该处表示特指，故用定冠词。句意：所以曾经拯救我们的东西现在可能正在杀死我们。]
6．solution [考查词性转换。冠词后接名词，根据前面的定冠词the可知，空处用名词形式。]
7．to [考查介词。from...to...为固定搭配，表示“从……到……”。句意：从早餐麦片到餐后甜点，我们的食物中越来越多地充满了它。]
8．that [考查定语从句的关系词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，指代先行词people and organizations，在从句中作主语，故用关系代词引导该定语从句。当有两个先行词，一个指“人”，一个指“物”时，定语从句关系词只能用that。]
9．are growing [考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据上句中的“are replacing”可知，该句也应用现在进行时，表示正在发生的动作。句意：其他学校则正在菜园里种植自己的食物。]
10．facilities [考查名词复数。根据“like walking tracks”并结合常识可知，学校在校园里建诸如跑道等体育设施。体育设施有许多，故用复数形式。]
Ⅳ．【写作思路】
文章大意：本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了7岁的Chase Poust和他4岁的妹妹Abigail正在游泳时，急流袭来，哥哥意识到急流很有可能把妹妹冲走，于是哥哥松开船去救妹妹，并对父亲大喊。父亲毫不犹豫地跳下去救他们，父亲让哥哥游上岸寻求救援，但游上岸对7岁的哥哥来说非常困难。
谋篇布局：由续写第一段提示句“An hour later，Chase swam to the shore，anyhow．”可知，一个小时后，Chase最终游上了岸。据此可以推知，续写第一段可描写Chase寻找救援，以及人们得到消息后立即行动的情况。
由续写第二段提示句“Luckily，Steven and Abigail were found and rescued．”可知，幸运的是，Steven和Abigail被找到并获救。据此可推知，续写第二段主要写Steven和Abigail获救后的感受和行为，如向救援人员表示感谢。
[参考范文]
An hour later，Chase swam to the shore，any how．Once on the solid ground，he ran to the nearest cottage and called for help．Hearing Chase's desperate cries，people in the cottage rushed out immediately．Realizing what had happened，they sprang into action．They rushed to the bank of the river following Chase and paddled their boats instantly with rescue equipment towards the dad and daughter．Meanwhile，someone called the Rescue Department．Soon after，rescuers arrived．All of them did everything they could to carry out a thorough search．
Luckily，Steven and Abigail were found and rescued．After ensuring their safety，people breathed a sigh of relief．Steven was deeply moved and expressed his gratitude to all the rescuers with tears swirling in his eyes．Then he hugged Chase and Abigail tightly and couldn't help weeping for joy．He couldn't be prouder of his son． It was the bravery，calmness and determination of the pint sized superhero that changed everything．It was likely to be one day the family would never forget．
