课时分层作业(三十一)
选择性必修第三册 Unit 1 Face values
Ⅰ．阅读理解
(2022·云南省第一次复习检测)
More plants are growing and expanding around Mount Qomolangma as the area continues to experience the consequences of global warming，researchers have found．
Scientists from the University of Exeter in the United Kingdom used satellite data to establish increases in subnival vegetation—plants that grow between the tree line and the snow line．
Using NASA Landsat satellite data from 1993 to 2018，scientists measured “small but significant” increases in vegetation cover between 4，150 and 6，000 meters above sea level．
“There are now more areas that are covered in plants than there were in 1993，”said Karen Anderson，a remote sensing scientist who led the research．
“We don't know what the impact is．It may be that plants trap snow and might cause it to melt more slowly．It might be that the plants cause the snow to melt more quickly，”she added．
1．4 billion people depend on water collected in the region，and changes to water cycles and supplies could have far-reaching impacts，their research，published in the Global Change Biology journal，said．
“We know that plants and the water cycle are coupled，”Anderson explained．“Wherever you have plants growing，it changes the way the water cycle behaves in those areas．”
“This is particularly important in the Himalayas because glaciers are receding，and we know from lots of scientific work that this is already affecting water supplies in this region，”she added．
Climate change is already having an impact on Himalayan communities．A 2019 study from Columbia University found that Himalayan glaciers have been losing almost half a meter of ice each year since the start of this century．This is already resulting in flooding for local communities，and could ultimately result in drought．
In 2019，an assessment from the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development found that at least a third of the ice in the region could melt by the end of the century．
1．What did Karen Anderson say about their finding
A．The increase in Himalayan vegetation is huge．
B．The plants prevent snow from melting．
C．Water supplies have been affected in the Himalayas．
D．Loss of Himalayan glaciers is continuing each year．
2．What does the underlined word “coupled” in paragraph 7 probably mean
A．Contradictory． B．Balanced．
C．Opposed． D．Linked．
3．What can be inferred about the research of the Anderson team
A．It has not been published．
B．It is based on remote sensing technology．
C．It involves a great deal of field research．
D．It is jointly conducted with Columbia University．
(2022·合肥市第二次教学质量检测)
City parks have long been a place for urban residents to get a small amount of green．As cities increasingly feel the impacts of rising seas and temperatures，people are rethinking the roles of urban parks．
All of the dark-gray asphalt (沥青) in cities collect heat．Dallas is one of the country's fastest-warming cities thanks in part to its extensive impervious (不透水的) surfaces，but with a new $312 million bond package，the city is hoping to change that．Using satellite data，the city is able to see what neighborhoods most need the cooling effect of green space．
Cities are increasingly flooding and city planners think parks can help with this issue too．A report published in February by the Nature Conservancy looked at the best ways to deal with flooding in Houston，a city with many neighborhoods built on floodplains and regularly flooded by rising waters．Offering affected homeowners buyouts and transforming homes into green space would save more money than installing infrastructure (基础设施) like pipes，they found．
Brendan Shane，a climate program director，says parks can create opportunities for people to exercise and play，in addition to cooling neighborhoods and absorbing floodwater．“The stronger the bonds are between neighbors，the better they are able to react to a shock，”he says．
“Not a single solution by itself will avoid the climate crisis．We see parks as an important part of it，but there is no silver bullet，” says Diane Regas，CEO of the Trust for Public Land．“Parks are an example of what we in the environmental community need to do to reach solutions that address climate change and make people's lives better at the same time．”
4．What does the city Dallas want to deal with
A．The lack of green space．
B．The way of collecting heat．
C．The effect of rising seas．
D．The bond between neighborhoods．
5．What can be inferred from the report by the Nature Conservancy
A．Cities in the world are frequently flooded．
B．City parks may help prevent city flooding．
C．Cities needn't invest much money in infrastructure．
D．City parks affect people's choice of a neighborhood．
6．What does Brendan Shane say about parks
A．They can enable people to get over a shock．
B．They can reduce air pollution effectively．
C．They can perform positive social functions．
D．They can help people to keep a cool head．
7．What does the underlined phrase “silver bullet” in paragraph 5 mean
A．A fast and effective solution．
B．A successful example．
C．An immediate and clear cause．
D．An impractical method．
(2022·西安高三复习检测)
Men have long been puzzled by the amount women pack when they go on holiday．They despair as they watch their beloved spend much money on extra baggage charge．Nearly half of these women admitted to lying about the weight of their cases to their partners before leaving for the airport，in fear of being made to unload some unnecessary items．
But it's a fact that women pack more than they need．On average，a woman needs around 57 items in the suitcase for a two-week holiday，yet most women pack nearly 150 items，ranging from skirts，tops，underwear to high heels．In addition，women pack more sun cream，makeup and hair appliances more than they are likely to need．They all take up space in the suitcase，and only a third of them will see the light of day once at the holiday place．
79 percent of women admitted to taking extra items with them，with the reason for this being “just in case”．Women plan their holiday wardrobe months in advance．Packing enough clothes and other items to last a month is not enough for some women．They'd take a chance to shop for new items while holidaying abroad．So they'll return with even more luggage in their cases．
Professor Karen Pine said，“Women are tempted to take familiar items with them on holiday，often everything except the kitchen sink．Some people find travels stressful，particularly when they're unsure about the home comforts available at their holiday place．They overpack to help cope with those feelings of stress and reduce the uncertainties．”
This will come as no surprise to some men，who are used to trying to squeeze their partners' luggage into the boot of the car with their own smaller cases．On the other hand，men pack very lightly，with only an average of 40 items for a two-week holiday．
8．What is the main idea of the passage
A．Women are good at picking holiday suitcases．
B．Women overpack by two third when on holiday．
C．Women will go shopping every time they go on holiday．
D．Women take good care of themselves while holidaying．
9．What is a husband's attitude towards packing too much according to the first paragraph
A．Opposed． B．Supportive．
C．Positive． D．Concerned．
10．According to the author，most women pack too much on holiday because ．
A．they want to show off their items
B．they prefer a more comfortable holiday
C．they are afraid they'll need them during the holiday
D．they would like to clean their clothes
11．What do Professor Pine's words imply
A．Going on holiday will cost a lot．
B．Women don't prefer to go on holiday．
C．People tend to feel tired and stressed on holiday．
D．It's understandable that women overpack in a sense．
Ⅱ．完形填空
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
My husband, our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years．
Some of our 1 are funny, especially from the early years when our children were little．Once, we 2 along Chalk Creek．I was 3 that our 15-month-old boy would fall into the creek (小溪)．I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot．That lasted about ten minutes．He was 4 ， and his crying let the whole campground know it．So 5 tying him up, I just kept a close eye on him．It 6 —he didn't end up in the creek．My three-year-old, however, did．
Another time, we rented a boat in Vallecito Lake．The sky was clear when we 7 ， but storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly 8 our peaceful morning trip．The 9 picked up and thunder rolled．My husband stopped fishing to 10 the motor．Nothing．He tried again．No 11 ．We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor．As we all sat there 12 ， a fisherman pulled up, threw us a rope and towed(拖) us back．We were 13 ．
Now, every year when my husband pulls our camper out of the garage, we are filled with a sense of 14 ，wondering what camping fun and 15 we will experience next．
1．A．ideas B．jokes
C．memories D．discoveries
2．A．camped B．drove
C．walked D．cycled
3．A．annoyed B．surprised
C．disappointed D．worried
4．A．unhurt B．unfortunate
C．uncomfortable D．unafraid
5．A．due to B．instead of
C．apart from D．as for
6．A．worked B．happened
C．mattered D．changed
7．A．signed up B．calmed down
C．checked out D．headed off
8．A．arranged B．interrupted
C．completed D．recorded
9．A．wind B．noise
C．temperature D．speed
10．A．find B．hide
C．start D．fix
11．A．luck B．answer
C．wonder D．signal
12．A．patiently B．tirelessly
C．doubtfully D．helplessly
13．A．sorry B．brave
C．safe D．right
14．A．relief B．duty
C．pride D．excitement
15．A．failure B．adventure
C．performance D．conflict
Ⅲ．应用文写作
(2022·潍坊市高三年级阶段性监测)
假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Jackson来信询问你未来的人生规划，请你回信，内容包括：
1．你的人生规划；
2．解释原因；
3．请他提出建议。
注意：1．写作词数应为80左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Dear Jackson，
,
Yours，
Li Hua课时分层作业(三十一)
Ⅰ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，由于全球变暖的影响，越来越多的植物在珠穆朗玛峰周围生长和扩展以及气候变化使喜马拉雅山地区的冰川消融并导致洪水泛滥，最终导致干旱。
1．C [细节理解题。根据倒数第三段的内容可知，Karen Anderson他们从大量的科学研究中了解到，喜马拉雅山脉的冰川正在消退，这已经影响到该区域的水供给。]
2．D [词义猜测题。根据第七段第二句“Wherever you have...in those areas．”可知，无论植物在哪里生长，都会改变那些地区的水循环方式。又结合该句中的“plants and the water cycle are”和常识可知，植物和水循环有关联，故画线词意思与D项的意思最为接近。]
3．B [推理判断题。根据第三段可知，利用美国国家航空航天局1993年至2018年的地球资源卫星数据，科学家们测量了海平面以上4 150米至6 000米之间的植被覆盖小但显著的增加；又根据第四段中的“a remote sensing scientist who led the research”可知，Karen Anderson 是一位遥感科学家。据此可以推知，Anderson团队的研究以遥感技术为基础。]
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。全球气候变暖影响着地球的生态环境。但研究发现，公园的绿地可以降低温度，利用公园还可以缓解洪水问题。
4．A [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Using satellite data ...of green space．”可知，Dallas想要解决的是其缺乏绿地的问题。]
5．B [推理判断题。根据第三段提及的大自然保护协会的报告内容可知，该报告探讨了休斯敦应对洪水的最佳方法。他们发现，与安装管道等基础设施相比，收购受影响的房屋并将其改成绿地会节省更多的钱。据此可以推知，城市公园有可能防止洪水。]
6．C [细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Brendan Shane ...and absorbing floodwater．”可知，Brendan Shane认为公园可以为人们创造锻炼和玩耍的机会，还可以为社区降温和吸收洪水。据此可知，公园可以发挥积极的社会功能。]
7．A [词义猜测题。根据最后一段的第一句“Not a single ...the climate crisis．”可知，没有一个单独的解决方案能够避免气候危机。再结合该段第二句可知，公园是解决方案中的重要组成部分，但并没有什么快速有效的解决方案。故A项正确。]
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。女性在旅行时带的行李远超她们的需要，其中很多物品是为了不时之需。女性的这种行为很有可能是为了想在度假时享受家一般的舒适感。
8．B [主旨大意题。第一段讲男性对女性打包过多行李的不解和绝望；第二段讲女性带的物品中有三分之二都没被用上；第三段讲女性带很多物品以备不时之需；第四段讲女性为了追求家一般的舒适，所带的物品都是自己熟悉的物品；第五段讲男性度假时打包的不同做法。故本文主要讲述女性在度假时多带了三分之二的物品。故B项正确。]
9．A [观点态度题。根据第一段的第二句可知，男性看到心爱的人在多余的行李上花太多钱时，他们会感到绝望。由此可推知，丈夫对打包过多行李持反对的态度。故A项正确。]
10．C [细节理解题。根据第三段首句可知，大部分女性多带行李，以备不时之需。故C项正确。]
11．D [推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知，Karen Pine教授认为女性带过多熟悉的物品是为了减少因对旅游地不熟而产生的压力感和不确定感。由此可推知，从某种意义上说，女性过度打包的行为是可以理解的。故D项正确。]
Ⅱ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者一家人两次户外活动的经历。
1．C [考查名词。根据上段中的“experiences over the past ten years”和下句中的“Once”以及第三段中的“Another time”可知，此处指“我们”的一些记忆。idea意为“看法”；joke意为“笑话”；memory意为“回忆；记忆”；discovery意为“发现”。故选C。]
2．A [考查动词。根据下文“his crying let the whole campground know it”中的campground可知，此处指“我们”在Chalk Creek岸边露营。camp意为“宿营；露营”；drive意为“驾驶；开车”；walk意为“走；行走”；cycle意为“骑自行车”。故选A。]
3．D [考查形容词。根据下文内容尤其是该段中的“I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot．”可推知，此处指“我”担心自己十五个月大的儿子会掉进小溪里。annoyed意为“恼怒的”；surprised意为“惊讶的”；disappointed意为“失望的”；worried意为“担心的；担忧的”。故选D。]
4．C [考查形容词。根据上文中的“I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot．”和下文中的“his crying let the whole campground know it”可推知，为了不让孩子掉进小溪里，“我”用绳子绑住了他，绳子绑在他的腰部使他感到不舒服，所以他哭了。unhurt意为“未受伤的”；unfortunate意为“不幸的”；uncomfortable意为“感到难受的；感觉不舒服的”；unafraid意为“不害怕的”。故选C。]
5．B [考查介词短语。根据上文中的“That lasted about ten minutes．”和下文中的“I just kept a close eye on him．”可推知，为了不让孩子哭，“我”不再用绳子绑住他，而是紧盯着他。due to意为“由于”；instead of意为“代替；而不是……”；apart from意为“除……以外”；as for意为“至于”。故选B。]
6．A [考查动词。根据下文中的“he didn't end up in the creek”可推知，他没有掉进小溪里，也就是说，“我”紧盯着孩子的这一做法起作用了。work意为“奏效；产生预期的结果(或作用)”；happen意为“(尤指偶然)发生”；matter意为“要紧；有重大影响”；change意为“改变”。故选A。]
7．D [考查动词短语。根据上下文内容可推知，“我们”出发的时候，天空是晴朗的，但山里的暴风雨很快就来了。sign up意为“报名参加(课程)”；calm down意为“冷静下来”；check out意为“结账退房；调查”；head off意为“离开(某地去别处)”。故选D。]
8．B [考查动词。上文提到山里的暴风雨很快就来了，由此可推知，“我们”平静的晨间旅行被迫中断了。arrange意为“安排”；interrupt意为“使暂停；使中断”；complete意为“完成”；record意为“记录”。故选B。]
9．A [考查名词。根据上文中的“storms move in fast”和下文中的“thunder rolled”可推知，此处指风越来越大，雷声隆隆。pick up在该句中意为“增强”。wind意为“风”；noise意为“声音，噪音”；temperature意为“温度”；speed意为“速度”。故选A。]
10．C [考查动词。根据下文中的“Nothing．He tried again．”和“We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor．”可推知，此处指“我”的丈夫停止钓鱼，然后去启动船的发动机。find意为“发现”；hide意为“藏；躲避”；start意为“发动；启动”；fix意为“使固定；安装”。故选C。]
11．A [考查名词。根据下文中的“We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor．”可推知，“我”的丈夫第二次仍然没能成功地启动发动机，“我们”被困在了湖中央，也就是说，“我们”不走运。luck意为“好运；运气”；answer意为“回答”；wonder意为“奇迹”；signal意为“信号”。故选A。]
12．D [考查副词。根据上文中的“storms move in fast in the mountains”和“We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor．”可知，暴风雨迅速降临，而“我们”租的船的发动机却启动不了，“我们”被困在湖中央。由此可推知，此处指“我们”无助地坐在那里。patiently意为“耐心地”；tirelessly意为“不知疲倦地”；doubtfully意为“怀疑地”；helplessly意为“无助地”。故选D。]
13．C [考查形容词。上文提到，一个渔民(把船)停了下来，扔给“我们”一根绳子，把“我们”拖了回去。由此可推知，“我们”安全了。sorry 意为“遗憾的；悲伤的”；brave意为“勇敢的”；safe 意为“安全的”；right意为“右边的；正确的”。故选C。]
14．D [考查名词。根据下文中的“wondering what camping fun and we will experience next”可推知，此处指每年当“我”的丈夫把“我们”的野营车从车库里拖出来时，“我们”都充满了兴奋感。relief意为“宽慰”；duty意为“责任”；pride意为“自豪”；excitement意为“激动；兴奋”。故选D。 ]
15．B [考查名词。通读全文可知，“我们”的两次露营经历都非常有趣，但同时也是惊险的，因为在露营时会有意想不到的危险情况发生。failure意为“失败；失败的人(或事物)”；adventure意为“冒险”；performance意为“表演”；conflict意为“冲突；争执”。故选B。]
Ⅲ．[参考范文]
Dear Jackson，
I'm writing to share with you my life plan in the future．When I grow up，I want to be a journalist．
I think working for a newspaper and reporting news from all over the world would be really exciting．Journalists are to be very enthusiastic，independent and good at communicating with people．Hence I am trying to improve my speaking and writing skills．And of course，absorbing as much knowledge as possible at this stage in my life is what I must do．
What about your life plan What do you think of my life plan Any suggestions are welcome．
Yours，
Li Hua课时分层作业(三十二)
选择性必修第三册 Unit 2 A life's work
Ⅰ．阅读理解(限时7分钟)
(2022·南昌市一模)
When Finn，a golden retriever (寻回犬)，was diagnosed with a terminal cancer in May，his family decided to do something special to make his last days on earth brighter — and made a doggie bucket list．
Cynthia and Robert Peterson，who live in Burlington，Vermont，wanted to treasure his last days as part of their family．The family said that the idea was to “make him comfortable，make him happy and spoil him a little bit”．
They said the list is full of fun and includes everything that Finn would want to do．Finn has already completed over half of the ten activities on his bucket list and there is an exciting mixture of things he's set to do．Some of them are fairly regular dog activities like going for a hike，having a steak dinner，making a new friend and walking along the beach．There're also some more unusual activities like taking a hot air balloon ride，going apple picking and having a song written about him．
People on social media have found the sweet idea by Finn's family heartwarming．One person commented on the video，“An animal is so often more than a pet．The unconditional bond and love he provides are a reward in themselves．But this couple show their own love back for Finn ten times．” The family said that they think Finn has inspired others to live “more authentically”．
The family have appealed for help with his final bucket list activity．The family say they need help to have a children's book written about him．Cynthia and Robert are raising money for the book on their GoFundMe page．
1．Why did Finn's owners make the bucket list
A．To brighten his last days．
B．To help him get rid of pain．
C．To raise money from the public．
D．To help to cure the cancer．
2．What do we know about the bucket list
A．It lists tasks full of challenges．
B．It focuses on physical sports．
C．It contains some special activities．
D．It is designed by people online．
3．How did people react to the bucket list
A．They were touched．
B．They donated money．
C．They attacked the idea．
D．They rewarded the owners．
4．Which activity on the bucket list needs people's help now
A．Going apple picking．
B．Offering comfort to other pets．
C．Taking a hot air balloon ride．
D．Having a specially-written book．
Ⅱ．阅读七选五(限时7分钟)
(2022·厦门市第三次质检)
If you're an un-decider，even the simplest decisions can make your pulse race． 1 ．Here are some strategies for spending less time worrying about decisions．
Go for being good enough
Since perfectionism and indecision often go hand in hand，you should be moving from a mindset that “only the best will do” to “being good enough is good enough”．It helps to reflect on your original goal．Did you begin the exhausting online shopping to find a toaster that could clean itself，roast carrots and also charge your cellphone Or were you just looking for something that would brown your bread？ 2 ．
Outsource (外交办理) decisions
Research has shown that choices weaken the willpower and lead to decision fatigue(疲劳)．That's why indecisive people are advised to pick their “battles”． 3 ．When it comes to wine，for example，all I want is a good glass with dinner．So rather than studying which to choose，I leave the decision to my local wine store，asking it to send me a case of surprises once in a while．
The 90 percent rule
When a yes-or-no decision has many pros and cons，try the “90 percent rule”．This involves evaluating an opportunity on a scale from 0 to 100．If your interest falls anywhere below 90 percent，reduce its score to zero and reject it． 4 ．Why would you deliberately choose to feel that way about an important choice in your life
5
If you're deciding whether to move across the country，imagine you've asked your best friend to choose for you．On the big day，she hands you an envelope；inside，it announces you're leaving next month．Do you feel excited Or disappointed Using thought experiments to separate important variables can help you cut through the fog to see clarity．
A．Cut through the fog
B．Turn to friends for help
C．You could rely on habits and routines
D．In other words，be choosy about choosing
E．Remembering your purpose can simplify the process
F．Think about how you'd feel if you scored 65 points on some tests
G．And big，life-changing choices can cause a state of breaking down
Ⅲ．语法填空(限时6分钟)
(2022·石家庄市高中毕业班教学质量检测)
The five interlaced Olympic rings have become fairly familiar at this point．But do you know what they mean and the story behind their 1． (create)
The 1912 Olympic Games，held in Sweden，were the first to include athletes from 2． were then considered the five continents: Africa，Asia，Europe，Oceania，and America．3． (inspire) by what had become a 4． (true)global event，Coubertin designed the symbol of the Games: the Olympic rings．Since 1920，the Olympic rings 5． (use) in every Summer and Winter Olympic Games．
Given what we know about colors and their many symbolic 6． (meaning)，it seems like it'd be safe to assume that each color featured in the Olympic rings would stand 7． something specific，like a continent．8． in reality，that's not the case at all．Coubertin 9． (choose) the six official Olympic colors—blue，yellow，black，green，red，and white (featured in the background) —because when he introduced the symbol in 1913，every single flag of the nations 10． (participate) in the games could be reproduced using the colors in the Olympic symbol．Or，in his own words: “The six colors thus combined reproduce those of all nations without exception．”
Ⅳ．读后续写(限时25分钟)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2022·南通调研)
One afternoon after school，Mary and her brother，Keith，were eating at a cafe near their home．That afternoon，they had to share their table with another person．That person was a young lady in her twenties．After eating，she went to the restroom．Without realizing，she had left her handphone on the table．Five minutes later，she came out and walked out of the cafe without looking back．
Mary saw the handphone on the table．She quickly told Keith，“Keith，the girl left her handphone behind．”
Keith looked at the handphone．It took his breath away．It was one of the latest models on the market．Keith had always wanted a handphone．But his parents had told him，“You don't need one．You can always use the house phone．”
He stared at it for some minutes．Then he said slowly，pausing on every word，“I want to take the handphone．”
Mary could not believe her ears．She merely stared at her brother，“You can't! What if the owner comes to look for it？”
Having made the decision，Keith quickly grabbed the handphone and put it in his schoolbag．Then，he took Mary's hand and led her out of the cafe quickly．
Once back home，Keith locked his house door with trembling hands．Inside his room，he took out the beauty．Oh，he liked it so much．Now he had his own handphone．Soon，he was polishing it happily．
But Mary told him，“Keith，you cannot keep the handphone．What will you tell Father about this He will ask you how you got the handphone．”
Keith said quickly，“I will say a friend lent it to me．”
Mary said，“Now you are lying too．” Oh dear! When had Keith turned so dishonest
Then Mary saw a house phone number on the plastic cover of the handphone．“This is the girl's phone number．Why don't we just call this number We will talk to her and ask her to come and take back her handphone．” She was trying to talk some sense into him．
注意：1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
That night，Keith turned over in bed from time to time．
Mary was very happy to hear that．课时分层作业(三十二)
Ⅰ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。金毛寻回犬Finn被诊断患上癌症，即将离开这个世界。它的主人列出了它离世前的十项遗愿清单，并已经完成了大部分。这一举动得到了网友的热烈支持。
1．A [细节理解题。根据第一段中的“his family decided ...on earth brighter”可知，列出遗愿清单旨在让Finn最后的日子更美好。]
2．C [细节理解题。根据第三段尾句“There're also some ...written about him．”可知，遗愿清单中还包括一些不寻常的活动，比如乘坐热气球、摘苹果以及为他写一首歌等。]
3．A [推理判断题。根据第四段第二句中人们对视频的评论“An animal is ...for Finn ten times．”可知，人们评论说，通常一只动物不仅仅是一只宠物，他提供的无条件的纽带和爱本身就是一种回报；但这对夫妇向Finn回以了十倍的爱意。据此可以推知，人们被这对夫妇的行为感动了。]
4．D [细节理解题。根据第五段第二句“The family say ...about him．”可知，他的家人说，他们需要帮助来出版一本关于他的儿童读物。]
Ⅱ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。一些人有决策困难，作者在文中介绍了几个减少为决策操心的时间的策略。
1．G [考查上下文衔接。空前讲述对于一个有决策困难的人来说，做决定会让他非常紧张，G项“且改变生活的重大选择会导致崩溃”是对空前句的进一步阐述。故G项符合语境。]
2．E [考查上下文衔接。空前讲反思你最初的目标，接着以实例(网上挑选面包机)，展现了做出选择的艰难过程。E项“记住你的目的可以简化这个过程”可承接上文。并且your purpose和上文中的your original goal对应；the process就是指网上挑选面包机的这个选择过程。故E项符合语境。]
3．D [考查上下文衔接。根据前文“That's why indecisive people are advised to pick their ‘battles’．(这就是为什么优柔寡断的人被建议选择他们的‘战斗’)”可知，优柔寡断的人的战斗就是“选择”，所以此处是指选择他们的“选择”，和“be choosy about choosing”意思相同，对应选项D中的“In other words”。根据后文“When it comes to wine，for example，all I want is a good glass with dinner．So rather than studying which to choose，I leave the decision to my local wine store，asking it to send me a case of surprises once in a while．(例如，说到葡萄酒，我只想在晚餐时喝上一杯。因此，我没有研究该选哪一种，而是把决定权交给了当地的葡萄酒店，让它偶尔给我寄一箱惊喜。)”可知，此处就是指把选择权交给别人，然后对别人提供的选择进行选择。所以选项D“换言之，对选择要有选择”承上启下。]
4．F [考查上下文衔接。空后反问为什么你会有意对你生命中的一个重要选择有这种感觉。故F项“想想如果你在一些考试中得了65分你会有什么感觉”引出下句。F项中的how you'd feel与空后句中的feel that way相对应。故选F项。]
5．A [考查小标题。根据本段最后一句“Using thought experiments to separate important variables can help you cut through the fog to see clarity．”可知，利用思维实验来分离重要的变量，可以帮助你拨开迷雾，看清真相。故本段小标题可用A项“拨开迷雾”。故选A项。]
Ⅲ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇科普文。主要讲述了奥林匹克标志的最初设计意图在于以五环象征世界上五大洲，而第六种颜色——底色白色，与五环的五种颜色的组合能够表示当时世界上所有国家的国旗颜色。
1．creation [考查词性转换。根据空前的their可知，空处需要用名词，所以填creation。]
2．what [考查连接词。分析句子结构可知，此处形成了一个宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，所以填what。]
3．Inspired [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句的谓语动词是designed，inspire在句中作非谓语，与逻辑主语Coubertin之间形成了动宾关系，所以填Inspired，注意首字母要大写。]
4．truly [考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，此处修饰后面的形容词global，需要用副词，所以填truly。]
5．have been used [考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处作谓语。结合时间状语Since 1920可知，时态为现在完成时；主语the Olympic rings与动词use之间为被动关系；主语the Olympic rings为复数，所以填have been used。]
6．meanings [考查名词复数。根据空前的many可知，此处需要用名词复数，所以填meanings。]
7．for [考查介词。此处考查固定表达stand for，意为“代表”，所以填for。]
8．But [考查连词。根据空前空后的意思可知，前后句之间形成了转折，是对人们的想法和现实之间进行的转折，所以填But，注意首字母要大写。]
9．chose [考查动词的时态。choose在句中作谓语动词，结合语境和常识可知，此处时态为一般过去时，主语Coubertin与choose之间为主动关系，所以填chose。]
10．participating [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作非谓语，participate与其逻辑主语the nations之间形成了主谓关系，所以填participating。]
Ⅳ．【写作思路】
文章大意：Mary和她的弟弟在餐馆就餐时，看到了一个被忘在餐桌上的手机，此时手机的主人已经离开。她的弟弟一直想要一部手机，便不听Mary的劝说，将手机带回了家，并准备撒谎说是朋友借给他的。Mary看到了手机主人的联系电话，准备和手机的主人联系。
谋篇布局：根据续写第一段的提示句“That night，Keith turned over in bed from time to time．”可确定续写第一段的写作思路——弟弟Keith为何难以入睡？他想到了什么？对拿走手机的事，是否感到愧疚？最后他是否做出了归还手机的决定？
根据续写第二段的提示句“Mary was very happy to hear that．”可确定续写第二段的写作思路——姐姐Mary为何高兴？他们联系上手机的主人了吗？手机的主人有何反应？他们是怎样归还手机的？通过这件事，他们有何感受？
[参考范文]
That night，Keith turned over in bed from time to time．He had difficulty sleeping，uncertain about what he should do．Of course，he liked the new handphone．However，he was feeling sorry for the owner．When he thought how sad the young lady would be at the loss of her handphone，he was full of guilt and shame．The next morning，after a long and restless night，he was determined to return the handphone to the owner．After school，he told Mary，“I am going to phone the owner．”
Mary was very happy to hear that．Back home，they phoned the owner's house phone．A girl answered the phone．Keith asked，“Are you the owner of the handphone I'm Keith．I have your handphone．Can you come and get it？” The girl replied “Yes” excitedly，expressing her gratitude repeatedly．Ten minutes later，she was at the same cafe to meet Keith．Handing back the handphone to her and seeing her smile happily，Keith realized that honesty was indeed the best policy．课时分层作业(三十三)
选择性必修第三册 Unit 3 War and peace
Ⅰ．阅读理解
(2022·马鞍山市教学质量监测)
Zara Rutherford is flying around the world by herself in a small plane．When she finishes her trip，which will take over two months，she'll become the youngest woman to fly around the globe by herself．She's just 19 years old．Ms Rutherford began her trip in Belgium on August 18．This trip is something she has dreamed about for a long time．
Ms Rutherford has been learning to fly planes since she was 14 years old．Ms Rutherford's parents are both pilots，and they helped her practice．She got her pilot license in 2020 and has hundreds of hours of flying practice．She's making this trip in a small two-seater plane，a microlight．One of the seats has been replaced with an extra gas tank，which will allow Ms Rutherford to cover longer distances．The plane has had several other updates for safety，including a second radio，and satellite communications．
To follow her route，Ms Rutherford needs to be able to see，since her plane can't be guided by its instruments alone．That means she can't fly at night or in bad weather．Ms Rutherford is now in Nome，Alaska—the halfway point of her trip．While she's had some delays and is a little behind schedule，she is upbeat．“As long as I'm home before New Year，I'm content，”she says．
Ms Rutherford plans to stay a night or two in each place to visit schools and youth groups．She hopes to inspire young girls to explore areas like aviation，science，mathematics，and engineering．As her father points out，currently only about 5% of pilots are women．
1．What is Zara Rutherford's long-held dream
A．An independent flight around the world．
B．Building a small plane．
C．A two-month self-driving travel in Belgium．
D．Becoming the youngest pilot．
2．What can we learn about Ms Rutherford from paragraph 2
A．She needs a guide．
B．She is well prepared．
C．She is knowledgeable．
D．She has lots of hobbies．
3．What does the underlined word “upbeat” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Reliable． B．Innocent．
C．Elegant． D．Optimistic．
(2022·南京市六校联合体调研测试)
Natural disasters take many different forms and can happen without warning．Earthquakes，floods，volcanoes，drought，typhoons and hurricanes are all natural disasters．
The earthquake on December 26th，2004 resulted in one of the worst natural disasters in living memory．It was a massive underwater quake and occurred in the Indian Ocean．This caused a huge tsunami to cross the Indian Ocean．It destroyed coastlines and communities and brought death and destruction to many people．The survivors needed fresh water，food and shelters as well as medical help．People from all over the world gave money so that towns and villages could be rebuilt．
The surface of the earth is not always looked as it does today; it is moving continuously and has done so for billions of years．This is one cause of earthquakes，when one section of the earth collides with another．Scientists can predict where this might happen and the area between plates is called a fault line．However，earthquakes do not always happen on fault lines，which is why they are so dangerous and unpredictable．
Volcanoes happen where the earth's crust is thin—lava，dust and gases erupt from beneath the earth．They can rise into a massive cone shape—like a mountain and erupt，or they can be so violent that they just explode directly from the earth with no warning．
Hurricanes are extremely strong storms and often happen in the Caribbean．They cause high winds，huge waves，and heavy flooding and can cross hundreds of miles．
Floods happen in many countries after very heavy rainfall．When rain pours for weeks at a time and rivers overflow，people and property can be trapped or simply washed away．
Another kind of natural disaster is drought．This happens when there is no water—when it doesn't rain for a long time and rivers dry up．This causes crops to fail，animals to die and sadly，people to starve．
All the disasters are very dangerous，but they are nowhere near the most dangerous．One type of events in the earth's history has regularly killed millions of beings: the asteroid impact，which causes massive destruction and sometimes kills entire species，including all the dinosaurs．Disasters on the earth may seem dangerous，but the biggest threat to humans is likely to come from space．
4．What did people from all over the world do when the tsunami occurred in the Indian Ocean
A．They aided the search for the victims．
B．They gave away money to the beggars．
C．They offered sponsorship to help the survivors．
D．They rebuilt the coastlines and communities．
5．What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A．Why earthquakes happen．
B．What earthquakes destroy．
C．How we can prevent earthquakes．
D．When earthquakes happen．
6．Where does the author think the most dangerous natural disaster come from
A．Space． B．The tsunami．
C．Drought． D．The hurricane．
7．What's the best title of the passage
A．The History of Natural Disasters
B．The Types of Natural Disasters
C．The Outcome of Natural Disasters
D．The Prediction of Natural Disasters
(2022·贵州省适应性考试)
For a high-quality education，face-to-face teaching is considered an extremely important core component．However，digital teaching also brings unexpected advantages and opportunities，proves the German Psychological Society．
Dr．Anne Gartner from Technische Universit t Dresden explains that digital teaching offers students as well as teachers new opportunities and brings a completely renewed form of teaching and learning to life：“On the one hand，the flexibility in terms of time and space in work organization is one of the greatest advantages of digital teaching，as not only time but also costs can be saved，for example，by avoiding travel．Teachers have greater autonomy (自主) and can decide for themselves how to manage their time and organize their seminars and lectures．In addition，recorded teaching materials can be reused．” Students feel similarly：digital teaching allows them to learn at their own personal pace and repeat recorded lectures as often as necessary．
However，“face-to-face teaching and digital formats should not be played off against each other，” says Dr．Cartner．“Digital teaching should be seen as a complementary (补充的) means to further improve the quality of teaching，and the importance of face-to-face teaching should not be forgotten．” Because even if online learning brings more advantages than initially expected，the lack of contact between lecturers and students leaves many gaps that cannot be “filled” online．One obvious disadvantage，for example，is the requirement of a stable Internet connection and the necessary technical equipment．Since digital teaching and its technical implementation (实施) were still unfamiliar to many，there was accordingly an increased workload，especially in the early days．In addition，one of the main disadvantages is undoubtedly the difficulty of remaining disciplined，focused and motivated in front of one's computer all by oneself over a long period．
In the future，more and more people will want to learn and teach online，since everyone now has the opportunity to continue their education anytime and anywhere—whether on the road，in the waiting room，on the train or at home．
8．In which aspect do teachers benefit from digital teaching
A．Teaching at a flexible pace．
B．Contacting students frequently．
C．Having more job opportunities．
D．Freeing themselves from seminars．
9．What can be inferred from paragraph 3
A．It is difficult to guarantee self-control online．
B．Digital teaching helps fill communication gaps．
C．Digital teaching fails to meet initial expectations．
D．Offline teaching and digital teaching can't co-exist．
10．How does Dr．Anne Gartner express her ideas
A．By giving examples．
B．By making a comparison．
C．By using an expert's words．
D．By referring to another study．
11．What is the best title for the text
A．What Makes Digital Teaching Possible
B．How to Enable a High-quality Education
C．Face-to-face Teaching: Necessary or Not
D．Digital Teaching：Opportunity or Challenge？
Ⅱ．完形填空
(2022·潍坊市高中学科核心素养测评)
One day，rain was falling．I saw an old，wet dog walking to my house．The leather collar around his neck was 1 and faded．I could see the ribs(肋骨) sticking out of his sides and knew he hadn't had a(n) 2 meal in many days．My heart 3 ．I ran into my kitchen， 4 an old bowl，filled it with much food and went outside．
The old dog 5 me with alarm．I could see he didn't completely trust strangers．I called him 6 ，put the bowl down and 7 a few steps back．I kneeled down in the wet grass and 8 ．Finally，the old dog smelt food and moved slowly forward．His own smell came before him．He hadn't had a 9 for a long time either．I wondered if he was 10 or just lost．He bent down his head and rapidly ate the contents of the bowl 11 ．Then for just a moment he gave me a(n) 12 little smile．I hurried inside，refilled the bowl，and went back out but he was already gone．I had wanted to 13 him and give him a home．Instead I just shared a meal and a moment of love．I said a little 14 that his future would be better．
Every moment of love you create is a 15 ．But caring doesn't necessarily go the way we want it to go．
1．A．worn B．tight
C．rare D．delicate
2．A．superb B．full
C．simple D．ordinary
3．A．raced B．failed
C．ached D．danced
4．A．fetched B．noticed
C．prepared D．grabbed
5．A．eyed B．kicked
C．nosed D．attacked
6．A．jokingly B．cheerfully
C．anxiously D．gently
7．A．skipped B．took
C．followed D．tripped
8．A．waited B．trembled
C．hesitated D．shouted
9．A．meal B．walk
C．bath D．break
10．A．affected B．adopted
C．injured D．abandoned
11．A．skillfully B．attentively
C．greedily D．leisurely
12．A．awkward B．curious
C．familiar D．happy
13．A．rescue B．protect
C．observe D．reward
14．A．belief B．prayer
C．promise D．request
15．A．recreation B．treasure
C．commitment D．comfort
Ⅲ．应用文写作
(2022·沈阳市重点高中联合体联考)
假定你是李华，你注意到你校学生很少进行英语文学阅读。请你给全校同学用英语写封倡议书，倡导大家多阅读英语文学作品，内容包括：
1．介绍现状；
2．你对英语文学作品阅读的看法；
3．发出倡议。
注意：1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
,课时分层作业(三十三)
Ⅰ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了即将成为世界最年轻的环球女飞行员 Zara Rutherford 的经历。她自小学习驾驶飞机，在飞行员父母的帮助下于2020年获得飞行员执照，并将完成为期两个多月的环球旅行。
1．A [细节理解题。根据第一段的“This trip is...for a long time．”可知，环球飞行是Zara Rutherford梦想已久的事情。]
2．B [细节理解题。通读第二段可知，为了环球飞行，Zara Rutherford 在2020年获得了飞行员执照，并进行了数百小时的飞行练习；此外，她还为飞机加装了油箱，更新了无线电和卫星通信。由此可知，Zara Rutherford 为环球飞行做好了充分的准备。]
3．D [词义猜测题 根据画线词后的“As long as... I'm content”可知，她说，只要新年前能回家，她就心满意足了。由此可推知，她很乐观，故画线词义为“乐观的”。]
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了不同种类的自然灾害，包括地震、火山、飓风、洪水、干旱等。作者认为，对人类而言最大的灾难可能来自太空。
4．C [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The survivors needed...could be rebuilt．”可知，印度洋海啸的幸存者需要淡水、食物、收容所以及医疗帮助，来自世界各地的人们捐了款，以帮助他们重建家园。]
5．A [段落大意题。根据第三段内容可知，该段主要介绍了地震发生的原因之一：地球不停地转动，板块碰撞时便会发生地震。]
6．A [细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“the biggest threat...from space”可知，作者认为最大的威胁来自太空。]
7．B [标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章首句“Natural disasters take...without warning．”为全文主旨句；再结合下文内容可知，本文主要介绍了不同种类的自然灾害，故B项最适合作本文标题。]
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。面对面授课被认为是高质量教育的一个核心组成部分，然而数字化教学也带来了意想不到的优势和机遇。作者认为，两者不应该互相冲突，而应互相补充。
8．A [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“the flexibility in terms of time and space”和“Teachers have greater...and lectures．”可知，老师们有了更多的自主性，可以自行决定如何使用自己的时间组织研讨会和讲座。由此可推知，老师们在教学灵活度方面受益。故A项正确。]
9．A [推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句可知，其主要缺点之一是独自一人在电脑前很难长时间保持自律、专注和有动力。由此可知，网上自控很难得到保证。故A项正确。]
10．B [推理判断题。第二段讲述数字化教学的优点，第三段讲述数字化教学的缺点，由此可推知，Anne Gartner是通过做比较来表达自己的观点的。故B项正确。]
11．D [标题归纳题。第一段讲述数字化教学带来的优点和机遇，第二段讲述数字化教学的优点，第三段讲述数字化教学的缺点(应该和面对面授课相互结合)，第四段讲述数字化教学成为趋势。由此可知，D项“数字化教学是机遇还是挑战”适合作为本文标题。]
Ⅱ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者在一个雨天发现了一只饥肠辘辘的狗，于是作者给它拿吃的，待它吃完之后，作者赶紧跑回家再去拿吃的，然而当作者出来的时候，它已经不见了。作者不禁感慨：每次善举皆是财富，但照顾不必一定按我们期待的那样发展。
1．A [根据“faded”可知，狗脖子上的皮颈圈已经褪色了，说明已经用旧了。worn“用坏的；用旧的；磨薄的”。]
2．B [根据上文中的“I could see the ribs sticking out of his sides．”可以推断出，它应该很久没有吃饱饭了。]
3．C [根据空后一句可以看出，看着瘦骨嶙峋的狗，作者心里很难过，于是他跑到厨房，抓取了一个旧碗，给狗装了很多食物出来了。]
4．D [参见上题解析。]
5．A [根据语境和常识可知，狗警觉地注视着作者。]
6．D [根据语境可知，作者是一个富有爱心的人，他看到狗如此警觉，于是温柔地叫它过来吃东西。]
7．B [根据语境可知，狗不完全信任陌生人，很警觉，于是作者后退了几步。]
8．A [根据语境可知，作者给狗放下食物后，后退了几步，在湿草丛中跪下来等着，它才会慢慢地向前。]
9．C [根据上文中的“His own smell came before him．”可以推断出，它很久没洗澡了。]
10．D [根据下文中的“or just lost”可知，作者在想它是被人遗弃了还是只是走丢了。]
11．C [根据上文可知，它已经很久没有吃饱了，因此见到食物后狼吞虎咽地吃了起来。]
12．D [根据语境可知，这只狗吃完食物后应该很开心。]
13．A [根据下文中的“give him a home”可知，作者想要救下它然后收留它。]
14．B [根据空后的“his future would be better”可知，这是作者对它的祝愿。]
15．B [结合全文大意可知，你创造的善举皆是财富，但这份照顾不必一定要按照我们期待的那样发展。]
Ⅲ．[参考范文]
My fellow students，
Currently，most students in our school read little English literature，not only because they consider it too difficult，but also because they don't think it necessary．In my view，however，English literature is what we can't afford to miss．It offers us an opportunity to appreciate the beauty of English and have a taste of a different culture．Better yet，it allows us to communicate with those great minds．
Therefore，I appeal to every one of you to read more English literature and you won't regret it!课时分层作业(三十四)
选择性必修第三册 Unit 4 A glimpse of the future
Ⅰ．阅读理解(限时7分钟)
(2022·厦门市第二次质检)
I live in Xizhou in Yunnan Province，on the historic Tea Horse Road．I have to admit that when I first heard that Paul Salopek was going to walk the entire globe on his own two feet，I was blown away．I couldn't imagine that there could be such an unusual person in the world．
Last May，I met Paul．He told me that it was his first time in China．He talked to me with great excitement about the history，migrations，and discoveries in my region of China．He spoke of the ShuYandu Dao (the Sichuan to India trading route)，the Southern Silk Road，the travels of the 17th-century Chinese explorer Xu Xiake，the Tea Horse Road and the early 20th-century American botanist Joseph Rock．He also talked of Xuanzang．
I decided to accompany Paul on his walk toward Yunnan．On September 28，2021，we set out．Our days were simple: walk，eat，sleep，and repeat．We woke up at sunrise，set off in high spirits，and rested at sunset，dragging ourselves into a sound sleep．
We met many people on the road．Some were curious，surrounding us and watching us；some gave us directions; some invited us into their home to take a rest; some spoke of the charm of their hometown．We met many beautiful souls，simple souls and warm souls．We were walking with our minds．
Together，we were impressed by the biodiversity of the Gaoligong Mountains．As I walked on ancient paths through mountains，I seemed to hear the antique voices of past travelers urging me to be careful on the road．
Looking back on the more than 200 miles I walked with Paul，I came to a realization．Walking for its own sake，while healthy and admirable，is only a small part of the benefit of moving with our feet．A deeper reward is rediscovering the world around us，shortening the distance between each other，and sharing each other's cultures．
1．How did the writer first respond to Paul's travel plan
A．Scared． B．Puzzled．
C．Disappointed． D．Surprised．
2．What can we learn about Paul Salopek from paragraph 2
A．He was a Western journalist．
B．He had a knowledge of China．
C．He came to China several times．
D．He was Joseph Rock's acquaintance．
3．What does paragraph 4 tell us about the writer and Paul
A．They honored the ancestors．
B．They set off in high spirits．
C．They satisfied the locals' curiosity．
D．They built bonds with people．
4．What is the main purpose of the writer's writing the text
A．To share and reflect on a journey．
B．To suggest a new way of travel．
C．To advocate the protection of biodiversity．
D．To introduce and promote Chinese culture．
Ⅱ．阅读七选五(限时7分钟)
(2022·江苏泰州期末)
Your alarm goes off on the first day of January．You force yourself out of your bed and steadily walk toward the bathroom，where you catch sight of a pale-faced，sleepy-eyed “monster” in the mirror． 1 However，after a moment，you think，“Wait，it's okay because today is New Year's Day， time to get back in shape！”
For many people，the start of a new year signals the end of a period of overindulgence (放纵)．During December，it is often justified by the planning of New Year's resolutions to turn oneself into a fit and healthy human being．However，the fact is that approximately 80% of New Year's resolutions are abandoned before February． 2 While we may have good intentions when making resolutions，we are not actually making ourselves any more disciplined．Change involves a degree of stress，and someone not mentally equipped to handle that stress will struggle to change．
3 One idea is to think small rather than big．Many people's plans involve extreme measures，while in reality，change is likely easier in smaller steps，which allows for greater success． 4 30 minutes of TV time for two hours at the gym can be rewarding in motivating someone to work out every day．
Finally，set concrete goals． 5 For example，“I'm going to go running every day to train for a half-marathon in April” would be far more powerful than “I'm going to get in better shape this year”．Most importantly，remember that New Year's resolutions should be for life．Change takes time and effort，but with suitable strategies，there is no reason why you cannot stick to your resolutions permanently—or at least until June．
A．You seem to be over the moon．
B．Almost instantly，you step back in horror．
C．So，how can you make yourself more disciplined
D．Instead of making a vague resolution，make a specific one．
E．Another helpful strategy is to design a personal reward system．
F．Given this situation，why should we still put ourselves under great stress
G．Regarding why this happens，the answer is likely related to self-discipline．
Ⅲ．语法填空(限时6分钟)
(2022·金丽衢十二校第一次联考)
Shen Kuo (沈括) was a scientist of the Northern Song Dynasty．He was 1． all-round scholar of astronomy，physics，chemistry，geology and medical science．2． ， Shen Kuo's reputation has been mostly in the field of scientific writing: He was the first 3． (build) graphic maps．
Thanks 4． his mother，Shen Kuo received a formal education in his childhood．He was diligent and he read so much that he suffered eye pain later in life．While in his 5． (thirty)，Shen Kuo frequently dreamed of a place．In the dream，he climbed a hill，the top of 6． was covered with brightly colored flowers and trees．Clear waters 7． (flow) at the base of the hill，with trees on either side．Later on，when 8． (travel) around，he was shocked to find a piece of land that was 9． (exact) the one in his dream．There he settled and wrote of the discoveries he had made during his lifetime．
This extraordinary story is the origin of Shen's Dream Pool Essays (《梦溪笔谈》)．The Dream Pool Essays was a milestone in the history of Chinese science．So far，this amazing scientific work 10． (put) into a number of different languages，including English，French，German and Japanese．
Ⅳ．读后续写(限时25分钟)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2022·广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试)
When my little brother Tom was four，Mom said something like “I'd give anything to have a few more hours in the day”．And Tom said，“Why don't we buy a bigger clock？” If time worked that way，I could have used an extra-big clock last week!
Our teacher had asked us to make an art project showing how plants eat．“I can't believe we only have two nights to finish it，” Noah said with a sigh．“I have no idea how I'll get mine done．”
I didn't say anything，not because I was nervous—I wasn't nervous at all．I love art projects! In fact，I was so relaxed that I didn't work on the project at all on Monday night．I planned to start the minute I got home from baseball practice on Tuesday．But there was just one thing．
I forgot baseball would run later than usual because it was the day of Baseball Buddies，which happens every month，and it's a chance for us older students to practice baseball with the adorable younger kids．The second I got home，I threw the entire craft box (工艺盒) onto the kitchen table，took out my “How Plants Eat” paper，and started to work．But just then，the telephone rang．
It was my friend Ollie，who said his grandmother Abuela had just made cookies and wanted to know if I'd come to help decorate them．I love decorating cookies，and I love，love，love Abuela's world-famous holiday cookies!
I had no choice．I had to go．Ollie and I put all the star-shaped cookies with red jam filling in one group，and all the snowflake-shaped cookies with white cream-cheese filling in another．It was 7 o'clock when I finally got home．I planned to work on my project right after we ate．But then another interruption hit me．
注意：1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Just as I was about to start，Dad said，“Joanna，it's your turn to do the dishes．”
Looking at the big “F” on my paper，I started to reflect on what I had done these days．课时分层作业(三十四)
Ⅰ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者住在历史悠久的茶马古道上，去年5月，他遇到了要用双脚环游世界的Paul Salopek，于是决定陪Paul游云南。文中描述了他们路上的见闻和作者的感悟。
1．D [细节理解题。根据第一段中的“I have to admit...in the world．”可知，作者不得不承认，当第一次听说Paul Salopek要用自己的双脚环游世界时，他被震撼了。他无法想象世界上会有这样一个不寻常的人。据此可知，作者最初对Paul的旅行计划感到吃惊。故选D。]
2．B [推理判断题。根据第二段Paul Salopek的说话内容可知，Paul Salopek是第一次来中国。跟作者讲起作者所在的地区的历史、迁移和发现时，Paul很激动。他谈到了南方丝绸之路，17世纪中国探险家徐霞客的旅行、茶马古道，以及20世纪初的美国植物学家Joseph Rock。他还谈到了玄奘。据此可推知，Paul Salopek对中国有一定的了解。故选B。]
3．D [推理判断题。根据第四段的内容可知，作者和Paul Salopek在路上遇到了许多人。有些人很好奇，围绕着他们，看着他们；有些人给他们指明方向；有些人邀请他们去家里休息；有些人谈到了他们家乡的魅力。他们遇见了许多美好的人，朴素的人和温暖的人。据此可推知，作者和Paul与人们建立了联系。故选D。]
4．A [写作意图题。通读全文内容可知，作者住在历史悠久的茶马古道上，他遇到了要用双脚环游世界的Paul Salopek，于是决定陪Paul游云南。文章描述了他们路上的见闻和作者的感悟。由此推知，作者写作的目的是分享和回顾一段旅程。故选A。]
Ⅱ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了很多人都会在新年制定计划，但很难坚持到底，这是因为不够自律，文章介绍了让自己变得更加自律的几种方法。
1．B [上文说到1月第一天的闹钟响起，你强迫自己起床，稳步走向浴室，在镜中看到一个脸色苍白、睡眼惺忪的“怪物”，空处应该顺承上文介绍此时“你”的反应。B项“你几乎立刻惊恐地后退了一步”符合语境。]
2．G [上文提到，大约80%的新年计划在2月之前就被放弃了。G项“关于为什么会发生这种情况，答案可能与自律有关”承接上文，点明了出现这一现象的原因，G项中的“self discipline”与下文中的“more disciplined”呼应。]
3．C [结合上文和下文提到的方法可知，本段讲述的是怎样做到自律，C项“那么，怎样才能让你自己更自律呢？”点明了段落主旨。]
4．E [根据下文中的例子“在健身房锻炼两个小时可以看30分钟电视，在激励某人每天锻炼方面是有益的”可知，这里介绍的是让自己更自律的另一种方法——设置个人奖励体系。E项中的“design a personal reward system”照应下文。本题可以利用固定结构“one...another...”解题。“Another helpful strategy...”与前文“One idea...”呼应。]
5．D [空前的“set concrete goals”是段落主旨句，空后通过举例的方式进行了具体解释。D项“不要制定模糊的计划，要制定具体的计划”是对前一句的进一步解释说明，D项中的“specific one”与上文中的“concrete goals”照应。]
Ⅲ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了中国北宋著名的科学家沈括及其创作的《梦溪笔谈》的故事。
1．an [考查冠词。scholar是可数名词单数，且在语境中第一次出现，表示泛指，故应用不定冠词修饰，又因all的发音以元音音素开头，所以空处填an。]
2．However [考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处应为副词，作状语，且空处前后为逻辑上的转折关系，所以空处填However。]
3．to build [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句的谓语动词是was，所以空处应用非谓语动词形式。序数词后往往跟不定式作后置定语，所以空处填to build。]
4．to [考查介词。thanks to sb．为固定搭配，意为“幸亏，由于”，所以空处填to。]
5．thirties [考查名词单复数。in one's thirties，意为“在某人三十多岁时”，所以空处填thirties。]
6．which [考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词a hill，所以空处填which。]
7．flowed [考查动词时态。分析句子结构可知，空处在本句中作谓语，与上句中的谓语climbed的时态应保持一致，故用一般过去时，所以空处填flowed。]
8．travel(l)ing [考查省略结构。本句是一个省略句，即当从句的主语和系动词与主句的主语和系动词一致时，从句主语和系动词一般可以省略，本句可还原为：when he was travel(l)ing，所以空处填travel(l)ing。]
9．exactly [考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处应为副词，作状语，修饰动词was，所以空处填exactly。]
10．has been put [考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处在本句中作谓语，由句中时间状语So far可知，应用现在完成时；put和句子主语this amazing scientific work之间为被动关系；且主语为第三人称单数。所以空处填has been put。]
Ⅳ．【写作思路】
文章大意：上周“我”因时间规划不当导致原本擅长的美术作业得了“F”，“我”对此作出反思。
谋篇布局：续写第一段：结合对上文的分析以及续写第二段所给提示可知，这段应描述“我”尽兴而归，晚饭过后却不得不先洗完碗后才能完成作业。由此可知，“我”的心情必然与参加棒球训练和包装曲奇时的心情有强烈反差。夜深了“我”可能疲惫交加，还可能会被催促上床睡觉。总之，应该是在慌乱中草草了事，着急、无奈、愧疚的情绪交织在一起。
续写第二段：根据上文内容以及续写第二段提示句可知，这段应围绕“我”反思的具体内容展开。重要情节可包括：“我”反思了什么？“我”感悟到了什么道理？“我”采取了什么方法改变自己？点题：凡事要做好规划并落实，重要的事情先做等等。
注意事项：原文采用第一人称和一般过去时，续写时应保持一致。根据故事情节发展，续写第一段可采用丰富多样的细节描写生动地再现“我”的表现，包括：时间的飞逝、行为上的慌乱以及情绪上的焦急、不安与懊悔等。续写第二段则可以适当使用虚拟语气体现反思过程中的深刻悔悟，续写时还可以充分利用前文中的关键线索来组织语言，这样能使文章内容更加意味深长。例如，可以根据第一段妈妈说的“I'd give anything to have a few more hours in the day”来表达对时间的理解，巧妙运用弟弟曲解妈妈话语时所说的“a bigger clock”来营造隐喻(make better use of time)。
[参考范文]
Just as I was about to start，Dad said，“Joanna，it's your turn to do the dishes．” It was then that I remembered my duty．There was no excuse．I couldn't shirk(逃避) my duty，so I rushed to the kitchen with the piles of dirty plates and washed them as quickly as I could．When I was finally able to sit down at the kitchen table，it was already 8：30! At that moment，I wished，for a thousand times，that I had used an extra big clock for extra time! However，the truth was that no matter how hard I tried，I could not finish my whole project in such a short time．As a result，my art teacher failed me the next day．
Looking at the big “F” on my paper，I started to reflect on what I had done these days．If I had done my art project on Monday night，I could still enjoy the baseball practice and the cookie decoration．Unpredictable things happen all the time，so the best solution is to plan ahead and take action as planned．We can't actually buy a bigger clock and have more time，but we can surely make better use of it．I failed the project，but I was lucky to have learned the lesson of “a bigger clock”．课时分层作业(三十五)
选择性必修第三册 Unit 5 Learning from nature
Ⅰ．阅读理解
(2022·河北省六校第一次联考)
The pandemic has changed life as we knew it just a few weeks ago．Millions of people worldwide are now under required or voluntary lockdown．All public attractions，including museums and aquariums，are closed，and the usually crowded streets of popular tourist destinations are empty．An unexpected silver lining during these challenging times for humans is that many animals are finally getting a chance to leave their normal habitats and move about freely．
The first animals to take advantage of human absence were Annie and Edward，two penguins who live at Chicago's Shedd Aquarium．A video released on March 15，2020，showed the couple eagerly duckwalking around，exploring the aquarium's various exhibits．The video，which instantly became popular，inspired other institutions to share short videos of their four-legged creatures playing as well．
The Cincinnati Zoo in Ohio joined the fun trend on March 16，2020，with a “Home Safari” live-stream series—the first starring its adorable baby panda，Fiona．“Let us help make your children's hiatus from school fun and educational，” zoo officials announced．“Join us for a Home Safari Online Live each weekday at 3 pm，where we will highlight one of our amazing animals and include an activity you can do from home．”
Meanwhile，the San Diego Safari Park has kept their webcams (网络摄像头) rolling，allowing fans to enjoy lovable animals without leaving home．Animals in the wild are also lively as humans stay indoors．The absence of cruise ships is bringing large numbers of dolphins to a port in Cagliari，while groups of wild turkeys are happily walking on the streets of Oakland．
Though the animals indeed appear to be having a good time，the heartwarming videos and images shared on social media，are also bringing much-needed cheer to millions of humans worldwide．Stay strong and healthy! We are all in this together!
1．What changes has the pandemic caused to the zoo animals
A．They are now under required or voluntary lockdown．
B．They can enjoy a free life without tourists disturbance．
C．They will be faced with unexpected challenges．
D．They get a chance to wander about freely in the wild．
2．What does the underlined word “hiatus” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Course． B．Sightseeing．
C．Activity． D．Interruption．
3．Why has the San Diego Safari Park kept its webcams rolling
A．To enable people to admire animals at home．
B．To film the animals wandering about in the zoo．
C．To compete for more viewers online．
D．To record people's life in the pandemic crisis．
(2022·重庆市学业质量调研抽测)
The amount of plastic pollution in the oceans is rapidly increasing．This is problematic，as at least 700 species of sea animals may mistake it for a tasty snack．While we know that some species seem to eat plastic because it looks like jellyfish or some other food sources，less research has been carried out into what plastic smells like to marine animals．
But now，a study from the University of North Carolina has found that the coating of algae that naturally builds up on ocean plastics causes the rubbish to give off the scent of food．
The researchers took 15 loggerhead turtles，each around five months old，and placed them in a laboratory tank．They then piped in clean water，clean plastic，turtle food，and plastic that had been immersed in the marine environment for five weeks．
The turtles showed no reaction to the smells of clean water or clean plastic．But when they were exposed to the smells of ocean-soaked plastic or turtle food，they exhibited food-seeking behaviors like reaching their noses out of the water or showing increasing activities．
“This finding is the first demonstration that the smell of ocean plastics causes animals to eat them，” said Dr．Kenneth J．Lohmann，who took part in the study．“It's common to find loggerhead turtles with their digestive systems fully or partially blocked because they've eaten plastic materials．There are also increasing reports of sea turtles that have become ill and stranded on the beach due to their ingestion of plastic．”
According to the researchers，areas of the ocean with dense concentrations of plastic may trick turtles and other animals into thinking that there is an abundant food source．“Once these plastics are in the oceans，we don't have a good way to remove them or prevent them from smelling like food，” said Lohmann．
4．Why is plastic pollution posing a threat to marine animals
A．The animals may eat up all jellyfish．
B．Marine animals may consider it as food．
C．It may kill them with its smell．
D．It may trap 700 species of sea animals．
5．What may attract the loggerhead turtles in the laboratory tank to search for food
A．Sea water． B．Clear water．
C．Brand-new plastic． D．Sea-soaked plastic．
6．What can be inferred from Lohmann's words in the last paragraph
A．Turtles should be trained to be more intelligent．
B．Plastics should be kept from getting into the ocean．
C．An abundant food source should be offered to sea animals．
D．Researchers should come up with a solution to the current problem．
7．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．Ways Found to Remove Plastics
B．Loggerhead Turtles Faced with Food Shortage
C．Ocean Plastics Smell Like Food to Turtles
D．Plastic Pollution — Compromise or Control
(2022·南昌市摸底测试)
When you walk on a sandy beach，it takes more energy than walking down a sidewalk—because the weight of your body pushes into the sand．It turns out that the same thing is true for vehicles driving on roads．
“The weight of the vehicles creates a very shallow indentation (凹痕) in the pavement—like it's continuously driving up a very shallow hill，”said Jeremy Gregory，a scientist at MIT．He modeled with his teammates how much energy could be saved and how much greenhouse gases could be avoided by simply hardening the nation's roads and highways．
And they found that hardening 10 percent of the nation's roads every year could prevent the emission equal to 440 megatons of carbon dioxide over the next 5 decades—that amount is equal to how much CO2 you'd spare the planet by keeping a billion barrels of oil in the ground or by growing 7 billion trees for a decade．It reduces 0.5% of projected transportation emissions over that time period．
As for how to harden roads，Gregory says you could combine small amounts of certain fibre with high technology into paving materials．Or you could pave the roads with specially-made concrete，which is harder than ordinary construction materials．
This system could also be a way to shave carbon emissions without some of the usual barriers．“Usually，when it comes to reducing emissions in the transportation sector，you're talking about changing policies related to vehicles and also driver behavior，which involves millions and millions of people—as opposed to changing the way we design and preserve our pavements．That's just on the order of thousands of people who are working in transportation agencies．” And when it comes to improving our streets and highways—those agencies are where you might say the rubber meets the road．
8．How does the author develop paragraph 3
A．By giving examples．
B．By making classification．
C．By listing figures．
D．By analyzing causes．
9．What does Gregory suggest for hardening roads
A．Mixing fibre with special concrete．
B．Changing regular paving materials．
C．Creating hi-tech computer models．
D．Using ordinary building materials．
10．What is an advantage of the road-hardening system
A．It reduces construction costs．
B．It profits transportation agencies．
C．It regulates driver behavior．
D．It avoids involving too many people．
11．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Walking Down Beaches or Sidewalks
B．Hardening Roads Helps Save Energy
C．How to Cut Down Carbon Emissions
D．A System of Hardening Roads
Ⅱ．完形填空
(2022·武汉市高中毕业生调研考试)
I am a single father with two young daughters．It had been a(n) 1 year: Being out of work 2 me of a reliable income and thus I was always low on money．I hated to 3 my girls．But as the New Year approached，with little choice，I was 4 to tell the girls，“It looks like our gift will be the gift of our 5 for each other．” Still，I couldn't stop feeling 6 ．
Then，unexpectedly，a(n) 7 occurred to me．I 8 $1，000 in a contest．To give them a 9 ， I kept it a secret and went shopping on my own．Back home I wrapped presents in the basement for my girls，all the time 10 ，“How amazed they will be！” The next morning，to 11 the gifts，I went to the living room and 12 ．There were already dozens of presents—all with my name on them．My girls had felt 13 that Dad wouldn't be getting any gifts，so they'd 14 wrapped their favorite stuffed animals and other toys so that I would have a happy New Year．
As I stared at the gifts through 15 eyes，I promised myself that this was the best New Year that I had ever had．
1．A．ordinary B．happy
C．typical D．rough
2．A．reminded B．robbed
C．informed D．convinced
3．A．disappoint B．warn
C．push D．control
4．A．asked B．chosen
C．expected D．forced
5．A．love B．request
C．respect D．pity
6．A．responsible B．panic
C．guilty D．pleased
7．A．idea B．miracle
C．opportunity D．failure
8．A．lost B．collected
C．donated D．won
9．A．gift B．favor
C．surprise D．lesson
10．A．wondering B．doubting
C．remembering D．thinking
11．A．lay out B．set up
C．hand over D．get together
12．A．hesitated B．froze
C．waited D．rested
13．A．thirsty B．cool
C．bad D．natural
14．A．tightly B．carefully
C．slightly D．nervously
15．A．burning B．charming
C．watery D．picky
Ⅲ．应用文写作
(2022·辽宁省名校联盟3月联考)
假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Eric对你们学校如何上网课很感兴趣，请你给他写一封邮件，内容包括：
1．你校上网课使用的软件；
2．介绍这款软件；
3．使用效果。
注意：1．写作词数应为80左右；
2．开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Dear Eric，
I'm delighted to tell you something about how we have online classes．
,
Yours，
Li Hua课时分层作业(三十五)
Ⅰ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。流行病改变了人们的生活，人们被要求闭户而居，大量的旅游景点被关闭。令人们意想不到的是，许多动物终于有机会离开它们正常的栖息地自由活动。这给疫情下封闭的世界带来了生机。
1．B [细节理解题。根据第一段尾句中的“many animals are...move about freely”可知，疫情给动物园的动物离开栖息地提供了机会，它们可以自由玩耍，不受游客干扰，故B项正确。该题容易错选成D项，选错的原因是忽略了题干中的“the zoo animals”，根据常识可知，动物园的动物在疫情期间不可能到野外自由活动。]
2．D [词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“from school”和“Join us for...do from home．”可知，该直播系列节目旨在使你的孩子们不上课的这段时间变得有趣并有教育意义。据此可知，画线词义为“间歇，间断”，故D项正确。]
3．A [细节理解题。根据第四段第一句中的“the San Diego Safari Park...without leaving home”可知，圣地亚哥野生动物园的网络摄像头一直在运行，旨在让人们足不出户就能欣赏到可爱的动物。故A项正确。]
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。海洋塑料垃圾因气味被海洋生物误以为是食物而食用，这极大地危害了海洋生物的生存。但是，目前人类没有好的办法可以解决海洋生物误食塑料的问题，这就需要我们尽可能阻止塑料垃圾进入海洋。
4．B [细节理解题。根据第一段中的“This is problematic，as at least 700 species of sea animals may mistake it for a tasty snack．”可知，塑料污染给海洋动物带来的最大的威胁在于很多海洋生物会把塑料垃圾看作食物，故B项正确。]
5．D [细节理解题。根据第四段中的“But when they were exposed to the smells of ocean soaked plastic or turtle food，they exhibited food seeking behaviors like reaching their noses out of the water or showing increasing activities．”可知，实验显示最吸引海龟觅食的是浸泡过海水的塑料或龟粮，故D项正确。]
6．B [推理判断题。根据最后一段中Lohmann所说的话“Once these plastics are in the oceans，we don't have a good way to remove them or prevent them from smelling like food”可知，一旦塑料垃圾进入海洋，就没有办法去除它们或阻止它们闻起来像食物。据此可以推断，塑料垃圾应被阻止进入海洋，故B项正确。]
7．C [标题归纳题。结合文章大意可知，本文介绍了海洋塑料垃圾散发出来的气味让海洋生物误以为它是食物而食用，从而对海洋生物的生存造成极大的伤害的现状，故C项最适合作本文的标题。]
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了麻省理工学院的科学家Jeremy Gregory和他的团队利用“在不够坚硬的路面上行驶会消耗更多的能量”这一规律，发现通过简单地硬化路面就可以减少温室气体的排放。
8．C [推理判断题。通过第三段中所列举的一些数字可知，本段是采用列数字的写作手法展开的。故C项正确。]
9．B [细节理解题。根据第四段中的“you could pave...ordinary construction materials．”可知，他建议用比普通的建筑材料更硬的特制混凝土铺路，即改变普通的铺路材料。故B项正确。]
10．D [推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Usually，when it comes to...preserve our pavements．”可知，当人们谈到减少尾气排放时，其实是在谈论改变与交通工具相关的政策和司机行为，这牵涉很多人；而改变道路的设计和维护却恰恰相反，即硬化道路这一方法不会牵涉太多人。故D项正确。]
11．B [标题归纳题。本文主要讲述科学家发现了“在不够坚硬的路面上行驶会消耗更多的能量”这一规律，并通过模拟和实践证明硬化路面可以节省能量，减少温室气体的排放。故B项正确。]
Ⅱ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者是一个有两个女儿的单亲爸爸，但是失业让作者失去了稳定的收入。新年来临之际，作者不得不告诉孩子们，今年的礼物只能是彼此的爱了。没想到，作者后来在竞赛中得了奖金，于是，他偷偷地买了礼物想要给孩子们一个惊喜。而孩子们也精心给父亲准备了新年礼物——精心包装的玩具。
1．D [根据下文中的“Being out of work...was always low on money”可知，作者这一年过得很艰难。]
2．B [根据句意可知，失业让作者失去了稳定的收入。rob sb．of sth．“剥夺某人某物”，故B项符合语境。remind sb．of sth．“使想起(类似的事物)”；inform sb．of sth．“通知某人某事”；convince sb．of sth．“使某人相信某事”。]
3．A [结合语境和常识可知，作者不愿意让孩子们失望。]
4．D [根据上文中的“But as the New Year approached，with little choice”可知，随着新年的临近，作者几乎没有别的选择，只得被迫告诉孩子们真相。]
5．A [根据上文中的“Being out of work...was always low on money”可知，作者没有钱买礼物，所以只能让一家人分享彼此的爱。]
6．C [根据上文可知，尽管作者很爱孩子们，但是没有钱给孩子们买礼物仍然让作者感到很内疚。]
7．B [结合语境和常识可知，作者在竞赛中赢得了1 000美元，这真是一个奇迹。]
8．D [参见上题解析。]
9．C [根据下文中的“I kept it a secret and went shopping on my own”再结合常识可知，作者将自己中奖的消息保密，自己去购物了，故此处是指作者想要给孩子们一个惊喜。]
10．D [结合上文可知，作者想要给孩子们一个惊喜，因此在包礼物的时候一直在想“她们将会多么惊讶”。]
11．A [结合语境和常识可知，第二天早上作者去客厅摆放礼物。lay out“摆放”；set up“安排，创建”；hand over“(把某事)交给……负责”；get together“开会，聚会”。]
12．B [根据语境和下文中的“There were already dozens of presents—all with my name on them．”可知，作者本来想给孩子们惊喜，却没想到孩子们给他准备了礼物，因此，作者惊呆了。freeze“惊呆”。]
13．C [根据下文中的“wrapped their favorite stuffed...a happy New Year”可知，孩子们为了让爸爸度过一个快乐的新年，便将她们最爱的玩具打包作为礼物送给爸爸。由此可推断，她们对于爸爸没有收到礼物感觉很糟糕。]
14．B [结合语境可知，作者一家相亲相爱，孩子们会认真地将自己的玩具打包好作礼物。]
15．C [根据语境和常识可知，面对如此懂事乖巧的女儿们，作者的眼眶湿润了。watery“含水的”；burning“强烈的，火辣辣的”；picky“挑剔的”。]
Ⅲ．[参考范文]
Dear Eric，
I'm delighted to tell you something about how we have online classes．
We use Alibaba's communication app “DingTalk” for our e classes．Every day，we sign in and take classes based on our schedule．School notices，homework and videos can be sent to us by teachers on the platform．Our teachers often make eye catching and creative videos and show them to us，which is really a fun way to learn．
Most of us love having classes through “DingTalk”，which helps us finish our learning task as well as enrich our learning resources．
Hope you also enjoy your study．
Yours，
Li Hua课时分层作业(三十六)
选择性必修第三册 Unit 6 Nature in words
Ⅰ．阅读理解(限时7分钟)
(2022·合肥市教学质量检测)
Earth is in the middle of an insect crisis，with thousands of species declining over the past several decades．Scientists have often blamed this on habitat loss or pesticide (杀虫剂) use．But a new study of butterflies in the western United States has found that warmer fall weather may be an equal，if not more，of a factor．
Over the past four decades，more than 450 butterfly species have declined at an average rate of nearly 2 percent a year，according to a study published in Science．It's already known that the western monarch butterfly has plummeted in population by 99.9 percent and was recently denied protection by Endangered Species Act in the U．S．But the study revealed lesser-known species，like the Boisduval's blue and California's state insect，the California dogface butterfly，are heading toward extinction．
“The influence of climate change is driving those declines，which makes sense because they're so widespread，”says study leader Matthew Forister．To reach their troubling findings，the researchers combined databases of the butterfly count conducted by scientists and amateur insect enthusiasts at 72 locations in the western U．S．To focus on the contribution of climate change，the researchers made sure to include locations that were relatively undisturbed by agriculture and human development to limit the influence of other threats to butterflies such as habitat loss and pesticides．
More than 200 cities across the U．S．are experiencing warmer fall seasons．In Arizona，for instance，fall temperatures have risen by 0.2 degree Fahrenheit every decade since 1895．As for why warming falls are so harmful，it may be connected to butterflies' hibernation-like diapause (滞育) in the fall．Warmer temperatures could be forcing the insects，most of which live around a year，to stay awake longer and starve．In other words，they're “getting old and fragile and dying sooner”．
Given that butterflies are key pollinators (传花粉者)，such declines predict bigger problems for plants and even whole ecosystems．Forister adds，“The climate effects will almost certainly affect many other insects，including bees．” And these effects will “damage” efforts to protect and restore butterfly habitat．
1．What does the underlined word “plummeted” mean in paragraph 2
A．Recovered slowly．
B．Decreased sharply．
C．Escaped suddenly．
D．Evolved rapidly．
2．What did the researchers do in paragraph 3
A．They ruled out the effects of human activities．
B．They tried to protect the habitat of butterflies．
C．They refused to use amateurs' science data．
D．They identified other threats to butterflies．
3．How do warming falls affect butterflies
A．They affect butterflies' natural life cycle．
B．They slow down butterflies' aging process．
C．They cause butterflies to lose more habitats．
D．They force butterflies to compete for survival．
4．What is the main purpose of the text
A．To discuss the importance of butterfly species．
B．To suggest a way to fight against climate change．
C．To introduce new methods of studying butterflies．
D．To present a new factor in a species population decline．
Ⅱ．阅读七选五(限时7分钟)
(2022·安徽省名校联盟质量检测)
What is cross-country running Cross-country running is an outdoor endurance (耐久力) sport that can be mentally challenging and fun． 1 You're not only putting one foot in front of the other but also thinking ahead of barriers and changes in the trail or course．
2 However，before you begin training and racing，you should be aware of potential injuries and how to avoid them．How can you prevent cross-country running injuries The best ways for outdoor runners to stay healthy include the following running tips:
Stretch daily．For all runners and athletes，regular stretching exercises are an important part of conditioning． 3
Warm up and cool down．Muscles and tendons (腱) are less likely to be overstretched or tore if they've been properly prepared for running and racing．High-intensity workouts require more preparations and post-workout cooling down than low-impact activities．
Wear the right shoes．Make sure your shoes fit properly and that they are neither too tight-fitting nor too loose． 4
Eat and drink enough．Competitive distance runners like to keep their weight low．However，consuming too few calories can harm your body，especially if you're a girl or woman subject to eating disorders． 5 It's effective to prevent injuries and heat illness．Remember that in full sun or in humid regions of the state，you particularly tend to have heatstroke．Drink plenty of water before and after running．
A．Cross-country running is a sport requiring money．
B．Tie double-knots to prevent tripping over undone laces．
C．It's mostly very safe in comparison to other team sports．
D．Have a well-balanced diet and be sure to stay well-hydrated．
E．You may encounter unexpected，non-natural barriers．
F．It is needed to keep your bones，joints，and muscles healthy．
G．This type of running and racing has both the physical and psychological roles．
Ⅲ．语法填空(限时6分钟)
(2022·甘肃省第一次高考诊断考试)
China's First National Park
China's first national park in Northwest China's Sanjiangyuan area
1． (cover) a total area of 123，100 square kilometers，was officially established in 2020 2． schedule．The national park is the country's calling card，and unlike nature reserves，3． protect unique species，national parks stress the protection of the entire ecosystem．
Under the national park's management，herders and 4． (farmer) would be turned into the forces of 5． (environment) protection in the Sanjiangyuan area．The work 6． (expect) to provide jobs，boost incomes and give people an 7． (encourage) to protect the environment．The ecological environment of the Sanjiangyuan area has greatly improved in recent years．The grassland coverage of the area has risen sharply 8． (compare) with the last decade．The last decade also saw a significant increase in the number of wild animals，because in 2020 the number of Tibetan antelopes 9． (be) over 70，000 from less than 20，000 in 10． 1980s．
Ⅳ．读后续写(限时25分钟)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2022·潍坊市高考模拟)
A GIFT FOR GRANDPA
The summer vacation was coming．Jack and his brother Berlin were filled with excitement as they thought of visiting their grandparents again．
The big day came at last．After the happy family got ready，they set out for the grandparents' home eagerly．On the way，the brothers were excitedly talking about the fun they had with their grandparents．
A little blue house with a tall white chimney finally appeared．Behind the property was the forest carrying their good memories with Grandpa．They arrived at the driveway，at the end of which Grandma was waiting for them joyfully．
Jack and Berlin each gave Grandma a big hug and then swept to the living room，shouting excitedly “Grandpa，we are back！”
Seeing his grandsons，Grandpa was wild with joy and tried to get up with all his strength from the chair but in vain．A helpless expression flashed across his face．Grandma explained that his health was declining rapidly and that he maybe couldn't stand up on his own forever．But Grandpa declared stubbornly (倔强地)，“I can！” Certainly，he was stuck in his boyish way．Mum and Grandparents were happy to meet again after a long time．They sat together and chatted about what happened recently．
The brothers were soon bored with adult conversation，went out and wandered into the forest．Tall trees stretched up to the heavens with large branches crossing each other，while young ones rose straight like soldiers．Grandpa was once a great explorer full of wisdom．He could tell where the birds came from only by their calls and songs．The trees，birds，lizards，lots of bugs．．．How many merry moments they spent with Grandpa in the kingdom!
But now Grandpa couldn't get up．This made them worried．“We need to think out a way to cheer him up，” Jack said．“Grandpa is a bird lover，so we can catch him a bird，” Berlin suggested．“But he hates birds being caged！” Jack shook his head．
Then a bright idea came to Jack's mind．“Why not make a cane (拐杖) out of a young tree？”
注意：1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Berlin thought it was a good idea．
Jack and Berlin handed the cane to Grandpa．课时分层作业(三十六)
Ⅰ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。人们常将物种数量减少归咎于生物栖息地的丧失和杀虫剂的使用。新的研究表明，秋季气候变暖是蝴蝶这一物种数量下降的又一重要因素。
1．B [词义猜测题。根据第二段第一句中的“Over the past...2 percent a year”可知，在过去的40年里，450多种蝴蝶的数量以平均每年近2%的速度减少。再结合该段中的“in population by 99.9 percent”可知，西方帝王蝶的数量已经下降了99.9%。B项“陡然下降”与画线词的意思最为接近，故选 B项。]
2．A [细节理解题。根据第三段尾句“To focus on...loss and pesticides．”可知，研究人员排除了农业和人类发展对蝴蝶的影响，例如栖息地的丧失和杀虫剂的使用等。]
3．A [推理判断题。根据第四段中的“As for why...and dying sooner”可知，秋季气候变暖导致蝴蝶醒着的时间更长，只能挨饿，它们死亡得更快了。据此可推知，暖秋影响着蝴蝶的自然生命周期。]
4．D [写作意图题。通读全文可知，第一段中的“But a new study of... of a factor．”为全文主题句，再结合下文内容可知，本文旨在介绍导致蝴蝶数量下降的另一个因素。]
Ⅱ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了越野赛跑的特点以及越野赛跑时避免受伤的一些技巧。
1．G [考查上下文衔接。根据空前面的“越野赛跑是一项耐力型的户外运动，非常考验意志力且很有趣”和空后面的“你不只是把一只脚放到另一只脚前面，而且还在事先思考道路上的障碍和变化”可知，G项符合语境。]
2．C [考查上下文衔接。根据空后面的However可知，空处与后文内容构成转折关系，空后表示，在训练和赛跑之前，你应该了解潜在的受伤风险，并知道如何避免，因此空处讲到的应该是越野赛跑相对安全，故C项符合语境。]
3．F [考查上下文衔接。本段主旨句讲到了“每天拉伸”，空前一句讲到了规律的伸展运动是训练的重要一步，所以空处讲到的也应该是拉伸的必要性或重要性，故F项符合语境。]
4．B [考查上下文衔接。本段主旨句讲到了“穿合适的鞋”，故B项“打双结，以免未系好的鞋带绊倒自己”符合语境。]
5．D [考查上下文衔接。本段主旨句讲到了“吃饱喝足”，选项中只有D项讲到了与饮食相关的内容，故D项符合语境。]
Ⅲ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国第一个国家公园——三江源国家公园的建立、功能和现状。
1．covering [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句的谓语动词是was established，空处在句中作非谓语，cover 与逻辑主语 China's first national park之间为主谓关系，所以空处填covering。]
2．on [考查介词。此处考查固定表达on schedule，意为“按时，按时间表”，所以空处填on。]
3．which [考查定语从句关系词。分析句子结构可知，此处形成了一个非限制性定语从句，先行词为nature reserves，关系词在从句中作主语，所以空处填which。]
4．farmers [考查名词复数。分析句子结构可知，空处与名词herders并列，也应用所给词的复数形式，所以空处填farmers。]
5．environmental [考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，修饰后面的名词protection需要用到形容词，所以空处填environmental。]
6．was expected [考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作谓语。结合语境可知，时态为一般过去时；主语The work 与expect之间为被动关系；主语为The work ，谓语动词用单数形式。所以空处填was expected。]
7．encouragement [考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空处作动词give的直接宾语，需要用名词，且空前有an，名词需要用单数形式，所以空处填encouragement。]
8．compared [考查非谓语动词。此处考查固定表达compared with，意为“与……相比”，所以空处填compared。]
9．was [考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，此处是主系表结构。结合时间状语in 2020可知，时态为一般过去时；主语the number of...表示“……的数量”，为单数概念，所以空处需要填was。]
10．the [考查冠词。此处考查固定表达in the 1980s，意为“在20世纪80年代”，所以空处填the。]
Ⅳ．【写作思路】
文章大意：Jack和他的弟弟Berlin暑假期间去看望他们的爷爷奶奶。去到那里后他们得知，爷爷因生病已经无法起身。他的健康每况愈下，他可能永远站不起来了。但爷爷坚信自己能站起来。他曾经是森林里的探险家。Jack和他的弟弟走进了屋后的森林，Berlin提议抓一只鸟给爷爷，可是Jack担心爷爷不喜欢鸟儿被关在笼中。他想到可以用树棍给爷爷做一根拐杖。
谋篇布局：根据续写第一段的提示句“Berlin thought it was a good idea．”可确定续写第一段的写作思路——两兄弟就这一提议达成一致后，他们做了什么？他们选择了怎样的树？是如何制作的？制作好了吗？根据续写第二段的提示句“Jack and Berlin handed the cane to Grandpa．”可确定续写第二段的写作思路——爷爷得到拐杖后想到了什么？爷爷能否用拐杖站起来？大家的感觉怎样？
[参考范文]
Berlin thought it was a good idea． When the two brothers reached an agreement，they quickly ran back to their grandparents' house，got the tools they needed to make the cane，and ran back to the woods．Jack said，“What kind of tree should we pick for the walking stick？” Berlin thought for a moment and said，“I think we should choose a straight tree，so no knots will scratch Grandpa's hands．” Jack nodded his head in agreement．They found a straight tree and set to work．They cut the tree down，and with a knife they took the bark off．It was a wonderful tree，which was smooth and was just of the right size．They thought Grandpa would love it．
Jack and Berlin handed the cane to Grandpa． When Grandpa took the cane，his hands shook with joy，thinking，“This is made by my grandsons themselves．How precious it is！” Jack said，“Grandpa，we hope this cane will help you stand up and come with us to explore the woods．” Grandpa smiled and decided to give it a try so as not to make his grandchildren disappointed．He held the cane in his right hand and the arm of his chair in his left hand．He stood up with strength on his legs．Everyone was surprised and excited to see Grandpa stand up．At that moment，Jack noticed a tear coming from the corner of his grandpa's eye．
