课时分层作业(三十七)
选择性必修第四册 Unit 1 Looking forwards
Ⅰ．阅读理解
(2022·湖南省六校联考)
Wherever on the globe she may be，humanitarian Elizabeth Nyamayaro keeps close to her native Africa by carrying a yellow dress．“It reminds me of the bright，beautiful African sky I used to see in my small village，”she tells People．Nyamayaro's life path wasn't always so high-profile．Growing up，she assumed she'd spend her life contributing to her village，and farming in the fields like the other women around her．But a chance encounter with a United Nations worker that came amid a severe drought altered that path forever．
“I will never forget that day，” Nyamayaro says．“A child dies from hunger every five seconds，and I almost became one of those children．A severe drought had hit our village when I turned 8 years old and suddenly，my paradise changed overnight and there was nothing to eat or drink．I thought I was going to die．It felt like there was no way of getting out of this．But then this incredible thing happened．An African，who was a United Nations humanitarian，found me，and gave me a bowl of porridge that saved my life．” The chance encounter provided more than just lifesaving nourishment —it opened the door as to what could be possible for her，who immediately set her sights on working for the United Nations just like her savior．
“I thought I want to be like her，so that one day I can change the lives of others．I'm so grateful for that moment which was very devastating，because it gave my life so much meaning and purpose．The woman showed me what was possible．Sometimes one moment can really change your entire life．”
Just as the United Nations worker opened her eyes to opportunities previously unknown，Nyamayaro hopes girls from Africa can do the same for children growing up in villages just like her，as she knows her story is not unique．
1．Why is a yellow dress mentioned in paragraph 1
A．It stands for her bright future．
B．It highlights her personal preference．
C．It is related to the scenery of her hometown．
D．It is the lucky color of her hometown．
2．Why did Nyamayaro want to be a humanitarian
A．To get rid of the poverty as soon as possible．
B．To shoulder the responsibility of helping others．
C．To seek for chances to broaden her mind．
D．To set an example for the whole country．
3．What can we learn from the text
A．Fame is a great thirst of the young．
B．Success means getting persons' desires satisfied．
C．Ups and downs make one strong．
D．Where there's a will，there's a way．
(2022·绵阳市第二次诊断性考试)
Only 366 North Atlantic right whales are left，representing a shocking 8% decline in a single year and the lowest number in about 20 years for this famous species．Human impacts—specifically fishing nets and ship strikes—remain the biggest threats to the survival of this species in eastern Canada and the United States．
North Atlantic right whales have been in decline since 2011 when the species was at an estimated 481 whales．In the past decade，the species has decreased by 30%．Recent research shows these threats are affecting their overall health with less energy to devote toward growth and reproduction (繁殖)，and body lengths reducing over the past four decades．Researchers estimate there are fewer than 100 breeding (繁育的) females alive and more than 86% of identified whales had been entangled (被网困住) at least once in their lifetime．
There is still hope: in 2021，scientists tracked 18 mother-kid pairs，a number that is cause for optimism—though still well below the annual average of 23 pairs from the previous decade．
Industry representatives，government agencies，and organizations，including WWF，gathered in October 2011 at the annual North Atlantic Right Whale Consortium meeting to discuss and arrange right whale conservation efforts in the US and Canada．
“It's going to be challenging，but everyone involved in right whale conservation believes we can create an environment where right whales can bounce back，” said Chris Johnson，the global leader for WWF's Protecting Whales and Dolphins initiative．“However，it's going to take significant investment and the greatest urgency and commitment to create conditions where we prevent entanglements and collisions with ships in the whales' critical habitats．”
4．Which of the following best describes the right whale population
A．Well conserved．
B．Slowly decreasing．
C．Rapidly growing．
D．Critically endangered．
5．What does Chris Johnson say about the right whale conservation
A．It needs the government to ban fishing in certain areas．
B．It will not work without funds from the government．
C．It can help increase the number of right whales．
D．It is not practical and will fail eventually．
6．What can we learn about female right whales
A．Most of them have never been entangled．
B．Mother right whales may have slightly decreased．
C．There are more female right whales than male right whales．
D．Their population has decreased by 30% in the past decade．
7．What can be inferred about the right whale species
A．Their size has been decreasing due to climate changes．
B．They may have found home in other parts of the ocean．
C．They were hunted by people for their meat in the past．
D．They are well on the way to dying out if not well protected．
(2022·马鞍山市教学质量监测)
In 2007，the African Union announced an ambitious project — to plant the Great Green Wall (GGW)，a band of trees that would stretch the length of the Sahel．
The GGW is an ecological restoration project designed by African people for African people．Heavy rain，droughts，wildfire and landslides have all become common throughout the world．But nowhere is quite like the Sahel．In this huge African region，climate change has materialized in a dramatic manner．In some cases，the severe conditions have left people with no option other than to migrate elsewhere to survive．It was with all of this in mind that the extraordinary，but heavily debated project was first put forward．
Fourteen years have passed since the initiative formally kicked off．The stated goal was to create a 15-kilometre-wide，8，000-kilometre-long green belt of trees and other plants that，by 2030，would span (跨越) the entire width of the Sahel，from Senegal to Djibouti．Overall，100 million hectares (公顷) of land would be restored by 2030．It was announced that once completed，the wall could end up capturing (俘获) 250 million tones of carbon dioxide，while its creation and upkeep could create ten million jobs in rural areas．
Coming to the whole project，there's still a long way to go．According to a status report by the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification，about four million hectares of degraded land have been restored．This means that progress towards the 100 million hectares target stands at just four per cent．
“When we started restoring the soil，we realized the area at risk was much wider than we initially thought，”explains Elvis Paul Tangem，the African Union's GGW coordinator．“We had few funds to push the initiative as much as we wanted to．There was skepticism among investors，who didn't understand the project，but also among the African states themselves，which needed time to figure out if the GGW was a priority．”
8．What is the purpose of the GGW project
A．To improve the local ecology．
B．To develop the rural economy．
C．To predict climate patterns．
D．To strengthen regional ties．
9．What do the statistics in paragraph 3 show about the initiative
A．The service period．
B．The total budget．
C．The target groups．
D．The expected benefits．
10．How does Elvis Paul Tangem feel about the project
A．Skeptical． B．Worried．
C．Confident． D．Satisfied．
11．What message does the author intend to convey in the text
A．African countries should stand together．
B．The progress of the GGW project is slow．
C．Fighting climate change is our top priority．
D．Natural disasters are worse than we thought．
Ⅱ．完形填空
(2022·厦门市第二次质量检测)
I love and enjoy playing the piano．So when the recital(音乐演奏会) was 1 ， I was disappointed．I had expected it for long and already 2 my best songs．
However，Mom turned this 3 into something worthwhile．“You should 4 at Carriage House Manor & The Cottages．I'm sure the 5 there would really appreciate the music．” To me，this was a win-win situation because not only would I play more songs，but I had the chance to 6 the residents，some of whom tragically didn't have families．
The much-anticipated day 7 arrived．Stepping into the dining area，I saw several gray-haired people seemingly enjoying a dinner and the 8 ．Despite ongoing conversations at tables， 9 still hung like a dark cloud in the room．After introductions，I sat down in front of the piano，butterflies in my stomach．But my 10 melted away as I played on．
The dinner hour flew by．One woman got up and began to cheerfully 11 in the room to the beat of the 12 while others snapped their fingers (弹指头)．I was 13 to see how music brought big smiles to their faces．
Calling off the recital was a blessing because it led me to 14 the gift of music with those who needed it most．Go and spread 15 whenever possible．
1．A．cancelled B．sponsored
C．organized D．postponed
2．A．recorded B．prepared
C．composed D．sung
3．A．burnout B．letdown
C．getaway D．turnaround
4．A．relax B． investigate
C．perform D．wait
5．A．seniors B．nurses
C．guards D．musicians
6．A．cheer up B．settle down
C．comment on D．hunt for
7．A．simply B．accidentally
C．finally D．nearly
8．A．freedom B．vacation
C．company D．privilege
9．A．silence B．horror
C．confusion D．loneliness
10．A．desperation B．nervousness
C．frustration D．embarrassment
11．A．spin B．wander
C．dance D．glance
12．A．drums B．hearts
C．words D．music
13．A．determined B．upset
C．curious D．amazed
14．A．carry B．exchange
C．discuss D．share
15．A．faith B．kindness
C．belief D．awareness
Ⅲ．应用文写作
(2022·湖北省十一校第一次联考)
假如你是李华，你的外国网友Jack沉迷于短视频不能自拔，写信向你求助，请你给他回一封电子邮件。内容包括：
1．表示理解与关心；
2．分析短视频对我们的生活造成的不良影响；
3．提出具体建议。
注意：1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jack，
I do hope my suggestions will be helpful to you．Looking forward to your good news．
Best wishes!
Yours，
Li Hua课时分层作业(三十七)
Ⅰ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。Nyamayaro 8岁那年，一场严重的旱灾袭击了她的家乡，来自联合国的一位非洲的慈善工作人员救助了她，改变了她的人生轨迹。从此，Nyamayaro立志也要成为一名慈善家，去帮助更多需要帮助的人。
1．C [推理判断题。根据第一段中的“It reminds me of the bright，beautiful African sky I used to see in my small village”可知，答案应选C。]
2．B [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“I thought I want to be like her，so that one day I can change the lives of others．”可知，她希望承担起自己的责任，帮助更多的人。因此选B。]
3．D [推理判断题。综合文章叙述可知，本文讲述Elizabeth Nyamayaro的成长经历，她从自身的经历推己及人，去帮助更多的人，最终也获得了成功，因此选D。A项“年轻人渴望名誉”；B项“成功意味着满足人的愿望”；C项“起起伏伏使人强大”。]
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了北大西洋露脊鲸令人担忧的濒危现状以及人类为保护它们所做出的努力。
4．D [推理判断题。由第一段中的“Only 366 North ...this famous species．”和第二段中的“In the past decade，the species has decreased by 30%．”可知，北大西洋露脊鲸的现状不乐观，它们处于濒危的边缘，故选D项。]
5．C [细节理解题。由最后一段中的“It's going to ...can bounce back”可知，应该选C项，C项中的increase the number与关键信息中的bounce back相吻合。]
6．B [细节理解题。由第三段中的“in 2021，scientists ...the previous decade”可知，应选B项，B项中的“may have slightly decreased”与关键信息中的“well below the annual average of 23 pairs from the previous decade”相吻合。]
7．D [推理判断题。由第一段第一句给出的现存北大西洋露脊鲸的数量以及文中提到的北大西洋露脊鲸的减少情况可推知，北大西洋露脊鲸的现状堪忧，这一物种处于濒危的边缘，如果不加以合理的保护，它们很有可能会灭绝，D项与此相符合。]
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。大雨、干旱、野火和山体滑坡导致非洲萨赫勒地区生存条件恶劣，为此非洲联盟宣布在2030年之前在该地区建立一条15千米宽、8 000千米长的树木和其他绿色植物的绿化带。
8．A [细节理解题。根据第二段的“The GGW is ...for African people．”可知，打造绿色长城项目旨在改善非洲当地的生态环境。]
9．D [细节理解题。通读第三段可知，建成绿色长城后，到2030年总共将有1亿公顷的土地被恢复，将收集2.5亿吨二氧化碳，为农村地区创造1 000万个就业岗位。由此可知，第三段提及的数据说明了该项计划的预期收益。]
10．B [推理判断题。根据最后一段Elvis Paul Tangem所说的话“We had few ...was a priority．”可知，Elvis Paul Tangem认为他们没有足够的资金来推动这项计划；投资者中存在怀疑，他们不理解这个项目；非洲国家自己也存在怀疑，他们需要时间来弄清楚GGW是否是优先项目。由此可推知，Elvis Paul Tangem很担心该计划。]
11．B [推理判断题。通读第四段可知，从整体来看这个项目还有很长的路要走；根据《联合国防治荒漠化公约》的一份现状报告，大约400万公顷的退化土地已经恢复，这意味着，实现1亿公顷目标的进展仅为4%。由此可推知，绿色长城项目的进展比较缓慢。]
Ⅱ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者喜欢弹钢琴。当听到期盼已久的音乐演奏会被取消的时候，作者感到非常失望。后来，在妈妈的建议下，作者去Carriage House Manor & The Cottages演奏，为孤独的老人带来了欢乐。
1．A [根据最后一段的“Calling off the recital”可知，音乐演奏会被取消了。cancel“取消”；sponsor“赞助”；organize“组织”；postpone“推迟”。故选A。]
2．B [根据语境可知，作者期待这个音乐演奏会很久了，已经准备了(prepared)自己最好的(演奏)歌曲。故选B。]
3．B [根据上文中的“disappointed”可知，妈妈把作者的失望(letdown)变成了值得的事情。故选B。]
4．C [根据前文的内容可知，作者期待这个音乐演奏会很久了，已经准备了自己最好的(演奏)歌曲。妈妈建议作者去Carriage House Manor & The Cottages表演(perform)准备好的歌曲。investigate“调查”。故选C。]
5．A [根据第三段中的“several gray haired people”可知，Carriage House Manor &The Cottages里住着老年人(seniors)。故选A。]
6．A [根据上文中的“this was a win win situation”和下文中的“how music brought big smiles to their faces”可知，作者可以通过演奏歌曲让老年人高兴起来(cheer up)。故选A。]
7．C [根据上文可知，作者期待为老年人演奏的那一天终于(finally)到来了。故选C。]
8．C [根据上文中的“I saw several gray haired people seemingly enjoying a dinner”可知，作者准备演奏的时间恰好是一些头发花白的老人享受晚餐和陪伴(company)的时间。故选C。]
9．D [根据“some of whom tragically didn't have families”可知，其中一些人没有家人。由此可推知，尽管餐桌上的谈话不断，但孤独(loneliness)仍像乌云一样笼罩着这间屋子。故选D。]
10．B [根据前文的“After introductions，I sat down in front of the piano，butterflies in my stomach”可知，作者刚开始演奏时很紧张。作者继续演奏时，紧张感(nervousness)消失了。故选B。]
11．C [根据“One woman got up”和“others snapped their fingers”及常识可知，这名女士站起来随着音乐的节拍跳舞。故选C。]
12．D [参见上题解析。]
13．D [根据“see how music brought big smiles to their faces”可知，老人们的脸上绽放着笑容让作者感到惊奇。故选D。]
14．D [根据“Calling off the recital was a blessing”可知，作者把音乐这份礼物分享(share)给最需要的人。故选D。]
15．B [根据全文内容尤其是“a blessing”可知，作者觉得音乐演奏会的取消是一件好事，因为这让作者把音乐分享给了真正需要的人，因此作者认为无论什么时候，只要有可能，尽可能去传播善良。故选B。]
Ⅲ．[参考范文]
Dear Jack，
On hearing that you have been addicted to short video recently，I feel terribly sorry and can't wait to write this email in reply to your problem．
Actually，it is commonly seen that a growing number of teenagers get crazy about short video，spending plenty of time watching and sharing videos online，which makes it hard for them to focus on study．
However，actions must be taken before things get worse．In my opinion，you'd better try and develop other hobbies．Besides，communicating with friends face to face will do the trick．Only in this way will you shift your attention and form good habits．
I do hope my suggestions will be helpful to you．Looking forward to your good news．
Best wishes!
Yours，
Li Hua课时分层作业(三十八)
选择性必修第四册 Unit 2 Lessons in life
Ⅰ．阅读理解(限时7分钟)
(2022·长春市普通高中质量监测)
New Year 2020 was shaping up to be a heartbreaker for Melanie Lee．A few weeks earlier，her 33-year-old son had lost his battle with a long illness．Then the transmission(变速器) on her 2007 Chevrolet Tahoe failed to work．She had no means of paying for it to be fixed．
“When it broke down，I broke down，”Lee told CNN．“Now I don't have my baby，and I don't have transportation．How am I supposed to stay active in my grandchildren's lives？”
Eliot Middleton，38，who is the owner of a barbecue restaurant and a former auto mechanic，in his free time，repairs and gives away used cars．He'd heard about Lee's difficult situation from her nephew Frank McClary，the mayor of Andrews，South Carolina．On the morning of the New Year，Middleton showed up unannounced at Lee's home with a gift：a white 1993 Oldsmobile．
“I had no idea what was going on，”said Lee．“He handed me the keys and didn't ask for anything．” Once again，she's able to pick up her granddaughters from school and take them to have dance classes．“I got my freedom back．”
The idea of giving away used cars came to Middleton a year earlier during a food drive he'd organized．Many of those who'd lined up for a meal walked up to four miles to get there because they didn't have cars．“Cars are a lifeline in this part of South Carolina，”Middleton told CBS．“There's no public transportation，and no taxis to take people to job interviews，doctor appointments，even food shopping．” So he posted an offer online to trade his restaurant's specialty，barbecued ribs，for broken-down vehicles．Since then，friends and strangers have dropped off more than 100 cars in various states of disrepair．Many sit in Middleton's yard waiting to be patched up and donated，usually to those he's heard about through word of mouth．It's a list of names that grow daily．
“People think Eliot is a good man，” Mayor McClary said．“And I do too．”
1．What can we learn about Melanie Lee from the text
A．She lost her son in a car accident．
B．She was deeply depressed when her car broke down．
C．She refused to look after her grandchildren without a car．
D．She got a brand new car from Middleton for free．
2．What will people get if they give their cars to Middleton
A．Some money． B．Another car．
C．Some food． D．A New Year gift．
3．What does the underlined part “patched up” in paragraph 5 probably mean
A．Fixed up． B．Given away．
C．Taken apart． D．Thrown away．
4．According to the text，which words can best describe Middleton
A．Outgoing and organized．
B．Modest and optimistic．
C．Generous and cautious．
D．Caring and skillful．
Ⅱ．阅读七选五(限时7分钟)
(2022·南通调研)
Every day，a lot of people move house．With newfound appreciation for space and air，it may suddenly have seemed as if a new kind of life was possible． 1 Here's some expert advice on how to build a new community．
2
Ask the people you already know if they could introduce you to anyone in the location to which you are moving．The posting on social media is probably the easiest way to tap your friends' friends．It increases the chance that there's someone you will get along with．
Don't expect friends to magically appear．
3 People really need to take the initiative to go out there and meet other people and not assume that friends are just going to fall into their lives．As people become familiar to us，we like them more，and it's completely unconscious．
Be open to a broader range of people．
You have spent a lifetime narrowing your social circle to those you really care about，but the chances are you're not going to meet new best friends in your new area instantly．When it comes to friendships，having close friends is one of the best things we can do for our health and well-being．But even having brief interactions with people in general benefits us． 4
Don't despair．
Remember to maintain pre-existing friendships，so that you're not feeling lonely and disconnected while developing new relationships． 5 But people don't realize that if they put themselves out there，the process can go faster than they think．It really makes a difference if you're willing to attend different events; you can really change your social life．
A．Make a public appeal．
B．Put some work in before you move．
C．Quality is best，but quantity still does something．
D．It can take a long time to build up new friendships．
E．But now the pandemic has made it harder to connect with strangers．
F．It doesn't necessarily mean you made the wrong decision on the move．
G．We tend to think friendships happen naturally，but that's a huge misconception．
Ⅲ．语法填空(限时6分钟)
(2022·惠州市第一次调研考试)
Thousands of years ago，the West Lake in Hangzhou was connected to the sea．The Qiantang River，not far away from the West Lake
1． (enter) the sea in the eastern part of this area．The solid material such as sand，stones and mud carried by the river 2． (eventual) settled at the bottom and blocked the connection between the West Lake and the sea，3． (make) it an inland water．
Since the ninth century AD，the breathtaking scenery of the West Lake in all seasons 4． (appear) time and again in poems，stories and legends．5． impresses people most is that there are about 630 legends of the West Lake alone．Su Dongpo wrote a poem to praise the West Lake 6． compared it to Xizi，a Chinese legendary 7． (beautiful)．From then on，the West Lake got another elegant name — Xizi Lake．
In 2011，West Lake Cultural Landscape of Hangzhou was included 8． the World Heritage List．It is now visited by an endless stream of 9． (visitor) from home and abroad．Perhaps some of them will add 10． (they) own stories to the West Lake's wealth of literature．
Ⅳ．读后续写(限时25分钟)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2022·潍坊市高考模拟)
One morning on my way to school，I noticed an elderly woman dressed in a yellow vest (马甲) carrying a garbage bag and one of those rubbish claws (爪形夹具)． “What's that lady doing？” I asked Mum． “Vest Lady． She just picks up rubbish around here for fun，” Mum said． “Why would someone think picking up rubbish looking like a construction worker is fun？”I puzzled．
For several years I'd witness this mysterious Vest Lady—rain or shine—on my way to school． I had thought she was crazy about picking up rubbish． Eventually I smiled and waved at her each time I saw her． Later, I moved to high school． The time I saw rubbish here and there I felt really annoyed．Then I'd think, “Why isn't anyone picking up this rubbish People are so inconsiderate！” However, shortly after, I realized picking up rubbish was not someone else's problem．
Now I couldn't walk past litter without feeling guilty． I volunteered to clean up rubbish around our school． Strange as it might sound, picking up litter was kind of a thrill for me! In fact, I was so determined that for my 17th birthday I bought myself a rubbish claw, reusable gloves and a reflective safety yellow vest with my own name on it．
During my first attempt in my stylish equipment, I met with unfriendly looks from others as if I were a criminal doing community service． One day, I had an epiphany (顿悟): “I'm acting just like the Vest Lady！”
But there was too much rubbish around, cigarette ends littered about, cans rolling on the street, pieces of paper hidden in the grass and plastic．．． I alone was too weak! How would I get more volunteers involved in rubbish removal A smart idea flashed into my mind．
注意：1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Soon I created my website go． pickingup．com．
More and more people put on vests with their own names．课时分层作业(三十八)
Ⅰ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。Melanie Lee遭遇了人生的寒冬：33岁的儿子因病去世，赖以代步的车子发生故障无钱维修。幸得Eliot帮助，他向Melanie Lee捐赠了一辆汽车。
1．B [细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Then the transmission...failed to work．”和第二段中的“When it broke down，I broke down”可知，她的汽车坏掉时，她很沮丧。]
2．C [细节理解题。根据第五段中的“So he posted an...for broken down vehicles．”可知，人们可以用出了故障的汽车从Middleton的饭店中换取特色食品。]
3．A [词义猜测题。根据第五段中的“and donated”，并结合常识可知，这些出了故障的汽车被放在Middleton的院子里等待着被修理后被捐赠出去。据此可知，画线部分的意思与A项“修理”最为接近，故A项正确。]
4．D [推理判断题。通读第三段可知，当Middleton从Frank McClary口中得知Melanie Lee的困境后，在新年的早晨将一辆白色的车捐赠给了她。据此可以推知，他是一位关心他人的人；根据第三段中的“a formal auto mechanic”及第五段内容可知，他的院子里有100多辆出了故障的汽车，等待着他修理，据此可知，他是一个对修理工作很熟练的人。]
Ⅱ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了专家给出的关于如何在新社区与他人相识相知的建议，包括在搬家前通过朋友介绍结识新朋友和广泛结交社区的朋友等。
1．E [根据上句可知，搬到新居让人们感觉到似乎要开始新的生活模式了；根据下句可知，下文介绍的是有关如何构建新的社区关系的专家建议。据此可以推知，空处与上文构成转折，说明社区中人们沟通的困难情况。故E项正确。]
2．B [根据该空位置可知，该空为第二段的小标题；由第二段首句可知，建议让你了解的人将你介绍给新搬到的社区中的某个人；据此可知，该段主要建议在搬家前做好准备工作。]
3．G [根据该段小标题可知，该段主要内容为“不要指望朋友会如魔法般出现在新社区里”；G项意为“我们倾向于认为友谊会自然地出现，但是那是一个巨大的误解”，与小标题对应。]
4．C [根据空处前两句可知，有好朋友固然有益于身心健康，但泛泛之交仍然对我们有好处。空处总结上文，说明质量固然重要，但数量也起作用。]
5．D [根据上句可知，在结识新朋友的时候，要和老朋友保持联系，这样才不会孤独；D项中的“new friendships”与上句中的“new friendships”对应，说明结识新朋友要花很长时间，故D项符合语境。]
Ⅲ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。西湖的美景具有悠久的历史，其中不乏名人用诗词赞美。2011年，西湖被正式列入世界遗产名录。
1．entered [考查时态。根据前句中的“Thousands of years ago”及本段中的时态可知，此处应该使用一般过去时。]
2．eventually [考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，此处修饰句中动词settled，应该使用副词形式。]
3．making [考查非谓语动词。根据语境并分析句子结构可知，此处为动词 ing形式充当结果状语的用法。]
4．has appeared [考查时态和主谓一致。根据句中的时间状语“Since the ninth century AD”可判断，此处应使用现在完成时，且主语为第三人称单数，故填has appeared。]
5．What [考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，此处引导主语从句并在从句中作主语，故填What。]
6．and [考查连词。分析句子结构可知，句中wrote和compared属于并列结构，且此处表顺承，因此使用and。]
7．beauty [考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，此处应使用名词，且表示“美人”，故填beauty。]
8．on [考查介词。be included on the World Heritage List“被列入世界遗产名录”。]
9．visitors [考查名词复数。句中an endless stream of提示此处应该使用复数形式。]
10．their [考查代词。句中的some of them和own stories提示应该使用their，表示“他们的”。]
Ⅳ．【写作思路】
文章大意：本文以时间为线索展开故事情节，讲述了作者受到“马甲女士”的影响也开始穿着黄色反光安全马甲捡垃圾。同时，作者意识到，一个人的力量是不够的，于是想到通过创建网站来号召更多的志愿者加入清理垃圾的行动，最终获得了成功。
谋篇布局：根据续写第一段的提示句及原文的结尾处可知，“我”很快就创建了自己的网站，那么续写第一段的重点内容就可以聚焦在如何通过网站来号召更多的志愿者加入到行动中来。根据续写第二段的提示句“越来越多的人穿上了印有自己名字的马甲”可知，续写第二段的叙述重点在于很多志愿者加入行动的过程以及大家的行动所带来的影响和结果，即：使得环境得以改善的同时，人们的环保意识也得到了提高。
[参考范文]
Soon I created my website go．pickingup．com．On the website I launched a rubbish removal campaign． I described my purpose—calling on volunteers to pick up rubbish and posted pictures of rubbish littered about on the website, which could not only illustrate the severe situation but also show that a large number of volunteers were in great need． Besides, I shared the story of the Vest Lady who influenced me so much． Surprisingly, my website gradually became a big hit on the Internet．
More and more people put on vests with their own names． Volunteers could be seen picking up rubbish in their spare time． The yellow vests made beautiful scenery in the park or on the street． With our joint efforts, the environment became better and better． What delighted me most was that people's awareness of environmental protection was improved． The rubbish removal campaign was a big success． Thanks to the Vest Lady who rooted the sense of environmental protection in my mind, more people became the Vest Lady．课时分层作业(三十九)
选择性必修第四册 Unit 3 The world meets China
Ⅰ．阅读理解
(2022·苏锡常镇四市教学情况调研)
A human heart is so much more than an organ．No one says he left his pancreas (胰腺) in San Francisco，for example，or that two kidneys (肾脏) beat as one．Yet most of us believe that two hearts can beat as one，and that the heart reveals our real emotions．Now there's some evidence that such folk wisdom is true．
When people listen to the same story—each alone in their own home—their heart rates rise and fall together，according to a new study published last month in Cell Reports．Professor Lucas Perra，a senior author of the study，said，“It's the story that drives the heart．”
This finding corresponds with a mountain of research showing that our brains synchronize (同步) when we interact in the same location or participate in the same activity．The new study goes one step further; it tests whether our heart rates become synchronized while we are taking in the same narrative—even though we're not in the same room nor even listening at the same time as other listeners．
Marcel Proust wrote at the turn of the 20th century，“The heart does not lie．” Data tells us much the same: The heart's connection with the brain is so tight that when we hear the same story，our heart rates synchronize．Subjects in the same group produced synchronized heart rate patterns that rose and fell at roughly the same times during the narrative．
“The results are heartwarming，”said Prof．Perra．“Heart rate correlation (关联) between subjects does not require them to actually be interactive or even be in the same place．It's not the interaction between people but the story itself that does the trick．”
The point，he said，is that when we listen to the same radio program or watch the same TV show，our hearts beat together，showing that “we're not alone”．
1．What does the underlined expression “folk wisdom” refer to in the first paragraph
A．Kidneys beat like hearts．
B．Hearts are important organs．
C．A human heart conveys feelings．
D．Organs have close links with emotions．
2．What can we learn from the new study in Cell Reports
A．People like listening to the same story in separate places．
B．Humans' brains synchronize when driven by different stories．
C．People tested in the same group have the same heart rates．
D．The same story can make listeners have the same heart rates．
3．What's the author's purpose of writing this article
A．To report a research finding．
B．To argue against an opinion．
C．To tell readers a moving story．
D．To call for immediate action．
(2022·保定市一模)
A new UN report is set to reveal that up to 1 million species face extinction because of human actions．We are causing a mass extinction event，and critically we cannot separate one environmental crisis from another．Biodiversity loss cannot be separated from climate change，or from human population growth or pollution or plastics in our oceans．These challenges are all interconnected．If we continue to consider these problems separately，solutions will continue to emerge far too slowly．
The connections between these crises make solutions seem all too difficult．But in fact，a solution to one problem will inevitably make a positive impact on many others too．More than 28，000 people are dying because of polluted air each year in Britain and air pollution is linked to psychotic(精神病的) experiences and a reduction in educational achievement．It's not rocket science: improving air quality in our cities by cutting polluting vehicles will bring a vast range of benefits to human health，and help deal with climate change too．
George Monbiot advocates taking land out of food production and rewilding it．This will not only boost biodiversity enormously but will also deal with global warming because those rewilded，rewetted lands will capture significantly more carbon．If these lands are also opened up for us to enjoy，our physical and mental health will flourish．Thus we repair the ecology of destruction．
It can be difficult to know what we can do as individuals—but at least we all possess an increased understanding of how farming，consumption and energy-use impact upon the planet．If everyone makes a small change，that will make a difference to our planet．
We're not struggling to find ideas to solve problems either globally or locally．It's action that we're lacking，in government and beyond，as individuals and together as a species．If we act now we may be surprised at how these seemingly vast problems decrease quicker than we imagine．
4．What does the first paragraph mainly tell us
A．The age of mass extinction has arrived．
B．Environmental crises are interrelated．
C．Humans are to blame for mass extinction．
D．Environmental crises should be solved separately．
5．Why are rewilded lands beneficial to controlling global warming
A．They attract tourists．
B．They provide habitat for birds．
C．They take in carbon．
D．They boost biodiversity．
6．What does the author call on people to do
A．Take action now．
B．Find a better idea．
C．Cooperate with others．
D．Turn to the government．
7．Where does this text probably come from
A．A news report．
B．A scientific journal．
C．A climate handbook．
D．A biology textbook．
(2022·长春市普通高中质监)
In the world of water ，2021 was another year for the record books．Parts of Western Europe suffered from deadly floods while large areas of the southwestern United States remained locked in a massive drought．
One might think that our impressive water management would safeguard society from such catastrophic events．Yet when it comes to water，the past is no longer a good guide for the future and most of the water engineering is unprepared for consequences of increasingly occurring extreme weather．One of the most alarming wake-up calls came from the city of Cape Town，where the water taps of 4 million residents were nearly forced to be shut off during the severe drought because its reservoir (水库) dried up．
Appealing as it might be，the solution is not to further build bigger and higher dams (水坝) that often result in more disastrous flooding．Instead，it is to work more with natural processes．
The Netherlands avoided major damage from the historic floods in July 2021 thanks to its recently completed project，which gives rivers room to spread out by redirecting floodwaters into wetlands，lowering parts of the rivers by more than a foot．Agricultural practices offer another strategy．Scientists have found that boosting organic matter in the soil by 1% can increase the soil's water-holding capacity by up to 18，000 gallons per acre，creating flexibility to both the rainy and dry periods．This means farmland practices such as the planting of cover crops can not only raise output but improve water management．
Solutions don't come easily，but they are key to a livable future．While it's too late to avoid the impacts of climate change，we can avoid the worst of those impacts by investing more in such nature-based water solutions．
8．Cape Town is mentioned to show ．
A．the reservoir was of no use
B．new water management is in need
C．how awful it was without tap water
D．the existing water management is impressive
9．What can we learn from paragraph 4
A．The Netherlands was spared from food damage．
B．The river's water level was reduced to over a foot．
C．Improving soil's water-holding ability is practical．
D．Planting crops boosts organisms at the cost of production．
10．Which of the following water projects might win the author's favor
① “Restoring Healthy Soil”
② “Filling Wetlands”
③ “Strengthening Dams”
④ “Making Room for Rivers”
A．①② B．②③
C．③④ D．①④
11．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Water Disasters：Ways Out of Control
B．Investment in Water：A Key to the Future
C．Nature-based Solutions：Ways Out for Water
D．Good News：Farming Practices Working Well
Ⅱ．完形填空
(2022·潍坊市高考模拟)
I once coached volleyball for a group of kids for the Special Olympics．One particular Tuesday night，after warming up，the kids began their 1 ．Brian was sitting in the 2 by himself，as usual， 3 between watching the other kids and resting his head on his knees．
His family 4 greatly with what they referred to as his “condition”． 5 ， this caused him a lot of anger and sadness．With a 6 ability to fully understand and deal with the negativity in his life，Brian often 7 and wouldn't communicate with others．Working with Brian each week，I knew I had to be 8 ．
On this particular Tuesday night，as I had done so many times before，I simply told him that we'd love to have him 9 us，and made my way to the place where the other kids were．
As the volleyball lesson 10 ， I saw Brian come out of his corner and moving closer， 11 in the fun the other kids were having．Hesitantly，he 12 me and asked if he could play．On this night，Brian had finally decided to move past his 13 and take part in the fun．
At the end of that Tuesday night，as I watched Brian and the other kids leave the volleyball court 14 ，I knew that I was making at least a small 15 in these kids' lives．
1．A．discussions B．studies
C．moves D．preparations
2．A．chair B．corner
C．darkness D．crowd
3．A．exploring B．comparing
C．emerging D．alternating
4．A．struggled B．competed
C．agreed D．integrated
5．A．Naturally B．Obviously
C．Literally D．Unfortunately
6．A．limited B．unique
C．remarkable D．permanent
7．A．looked down B．shut down
C．slowed down D．calmed down
8．A．strict B．accurate
C．patient D．efficient
9．A．join B．help
C．choose D．support
10．A．ceased B．started
C．suspended D．progressed
11．A．hidden B．engaged
C．interested D．involved
12．A．excited B．hugged
C．approached D．encountered
13．A．anger B．fear
C．pride D．doubt
14．A．behind B．together
C．fast D．late
15．A．contribution B．promise
C．chance D．difference
Ⅲ．应用文写作
(2022·潍坊市高中学科核心素养测试)
上周末，你校组织了春季运动会，请你为校英文报写一篇短文，介绍本次活动，内容包括：
1．赛前氛围；
2．比赛场面；
3．个人感受。
注意：1．写作词数应为80左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
,课时分层作业(三十九)
Ⅰ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，在听同样的故事时，人们的心率会大致相同，即使听者不在同一个房间或者同样的时间，也会拥有同样频率的心跳。
1．C [细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Yet most of us...our real emotions．”可知，大部分人认为心灵揭示我们真实的情感。]
2．D [细节理解题。根据第二段第一句话中的“When people listen...and fall together”可知，同样的故事能使听者有同样的心率。]
3．A [写作意图题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了一项研究发现：人的心脏不仅仅是一个器官，还能反映人的情感。据此可知，本文旨在介绍一项新的研究发现。]
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了环境污染、物种灭绝、人口增长和气候变化之间的紧密联系。因此，人类应该立刻采取行动保护环境。
4．B [段落大意题。第一段首句引入话题，从第二句中的“we cannot separate one environmental crisis from another”、第三句的“cannot be separated from”、第四句的“all interconnected”可知，第一段主要讲到了各种生态危机都是密切关联的，最后一句也告诉我们不能孤立地思考问题，故选B项。]
5．C [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“because those rewilded，rewetted lands will capture significantly more carbon”可知，“恢复自然地貌的土地”之所以有助于控制全球变暖是因为它们可以吸收更多碳，故C项正确。]
6．A [推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“It's action that we're lacking...If we act now...than we imagine．”可以看出，作者认为人们缺乏的是行动，因此，作者呼吁人们立刻行动起来，故A项正确。]
7．B [文章出处题。本文以“A new UN report”引入话题，充分利用有效论据，层层推进，逻辑缜密，语言正式而严肃，符合科学说明类文章的特点，因此，本文应是出自科学杂志，故B项正确。]
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。开普敦水灾警示人们，水利工程无法应付极端天气下的水灾。荷兰将洪水引到湿地，利用自然的力量，避免了灾害。科学家们发现，提高土壤中有机物的含量能增加土壤的蓄水能力，这意味着农田制度不仅可以提高产量还能改善水管理。
8．B [推理判断题。通读第二段可知，该段第二句说明过去的管理方法无法应对极端天气；尾句提及开普敦水库干涸导致400万居民受影响。据此可知，提及开普敦旨在说明我们需要新的水管理方法。]
9．C [细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Scientists have found...improve water management．”可知，科学家们发现，将土壤中的有机物增加1%，土壤的蓄水能力就能增加到每英亩18 000加仑，这意味着种植覆盖作物等做法不仅可以提高产量，还可以改善水管理。据此可知，提高土壤蓄水能力是可行的管理方案。]
10．D [推理判断题。通读第四段可知，该段提出了两种新的水管理方法：一是泄洪法，将洪水引到湿地，二是增加土壤有机物，提高土壤的蓄水能力。据此可以推知，①④可能会获得作者的支持。]
11．C [标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文的主题句是第三段尾句，结合全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了两个利用自然进行水管理的方法：将洪水引到湿地和增加土壤有机物的含量。故C项最适合作本文标题。]
Ⅱ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者在担任儿童排球教练时，通过自己的努力，帮助一个名叫Brian的孩子打开心结，并使他融入团体之中。
1．C [根据上文中的“I once coached...the Special Olympics．”可知，作者是排球教练。再结合语境和常识可知，此处指热身后，孩子们开始了他们的活动。]
2．B [根据第四段中的“I saw Brian come out of his corner”可以推知，Brian喜欢坐在角落里。]
3．D [根据下文中的“Brian often and wouldn't communicate with others．”可以推知，Brian不愿与他人交流，所以在他人进行活动时，他并不参与其中，而是时而看其他孩子，时而把头放在膝盖上。alternate“(使)交替”符合语境。]
4．A [根据上文中的“Brian was sitting in...head on his knees．”可知，Brian的状态一直不好，不愿与他人交流，据此可以推知，他的家人与他的这种情况进行了斗争。]
5．D [根据下文中的“this caused him a lot of anger and sadness”可知，这给他带来了气愤和悲伤。所以空处应表示“不幸地”。]
6．A [根据下文中的“Brian often and wouldn't communicate with others．”可知，Brian不愿与他人沟通，由此可推断他处理生活中的消极情绪的能力有限。limited“有限的”；unique“独特的”；remarkable“非凡的”；permanent“永恒的”。]
7．B [根据本句中的“wouldn't communicate with others”可知，Brian经常将自己封闭起来，不和其他人交流。]
8．C [根据上文中的“With a...communicate with others”可知，Brian不愿与他人沟通，并且完全理解和处理生活中的消极情绪的能力有限；所以此处指作者知道自己对他应该有耐心一些。]
9．A [根据上文中的“Brian often...with others”可以推知，Brian不愿与他人交流，所以这里作者是想让Brian加入团体中。]
10．D [根据下文中的“in the fun...he could play”可以推知，在上着排球课时作者看见Brian从角落里出来了。]
11．C [根据下文中的“Hesitantly，he...he could play．”可知，Brian询问作者他是否也能玩。据此可以推知，Brian对这个活动很感兴趣。]
12．C [根据上文中的“I saw Brian come...moving closer”可知，Brian离作者有一段距离。据此可知，他应该是靠近作者然后再询问作者。]
13．A [根据第二段中的“this caused him a lot of anger and sadness”可知，这给他带来了很多愤怒和悲伤。据此可以推知，Brian最终决定放下自己的愤怒。]
14．B [根据上文中的“On this night...take part in the fun．”可知，在这天晚上，Brian终于决定放下他的愤怒，参与到活动中来。据此可以推知，Brian已经能主动融入团体中，与别人开始交流，所以此处应该是Brian和其他孩子一同离开排球场。]
15．D [根据第一段中的“Brian was sitting in...head on his knees．”以及第四段中的“On this night，Brian had...take part in the fun．”可知，作者通过努力使之前一直不愿与他人交流、常常坐在角落里的Brian开始融入团体中。由此推知，作者知道自己至少正在对这些孩子的生活产生小的影响。make a difference意为“有影响”。]
Ⅲ．[参考范文]
Last weekend，a spring sports meeting was organized in our school on a sunny day．
Early in the morning，teachers and students gathered on the playground，all in high spirits．During the competition，the athletes went all out to win the championship．Tired as they were，they never quit．Meanwhile，the audience cheered them on．All of us were immersed in the intense atmosphere and the sea of joy．
Not only did this sports meeting build us up and enhance our sense of team honor，but it left us fond memories that would never fade．课时分层作业(四十)
选择性必修第四册 Unit 4 Everyday economics
Ⅰ．阅读理解(限时7分钟)
(2022·洛阳市第一次统考)
Do we still need cash The days of holding notes in our hands may be numbered．The advancement of technology and the increase of new electronic and mobile devices in today's world are set to revolutionize how we make payments．With a click of a mobile phone app，our entire wealth is literally at our fingertips．As digital forms are increasingly replacing cash payments，some think that we should become fully cash-free．However，I do not believe we should move towards a completely cash-free society．
One of the main concerns of a cashless world is the risk of a cheat and ridiculously，the inconvenience that follows．The instant content that accompanies cashless transactions (交易) could be compromised by online security issues．Technology experts argue that our current state of technology is unable to provide a secure cashless environment that could prevent people from accessing the system illegally and abusing the personal data．In addition，many online shopping sites lack strong systems that would protect their customers' personal information．Occasionally，when an account is “locked” due to a suspected cheating activity，having cash in hand becomes critical．In a cashless society，a victim of cheating would find himself locked out of his account and unable to have access to his money until the case is solved．Going cash-free causes great inconvenience in this case．
Another reason is that mankind might potentially become less thrifty(节俭的)．Paying in cash causes psychological pain on consumers so that they are more cautious in their spending．As it is，cashless payments have already eased that pain somewhat．Thus，an even more careless digital payment could make us much less thrifty．
The idea of a cashless society is a very real，or even an exciting one．However，to safeguard the interests of all users，it is better to soften our enthusiasm—perhaps to be a less-cash society rather than a completely cashless one is a better option．
1．How can cashless payments benefit people according to the author
A．They can warn people of risks．
B．They can remind people of mistakes．
C．They can reduce psychological pain．
D．They can make life convenient．
2．What's the second reason the author tells to support his idea
A．The risk of a cheat．
B．The inconvenience．
C．The lack of safety．
D．The desire to purchase things．
3．What's the best title for the passage
A．Going Against the Cashless Wave
B．Going Completely Cashless Is True
C．Stopping Moving towards Being Cashless
D．We Do Not Need Cash Any Longer
4．The passage is mainly developed by ．
A．giving examples
B．analyzing causes
C．making introductions
D．examining differences
Ⅱ．阅读七选五(限时7分钟)
(2022·开封市模拟考试)
Being a young adult has got to be one of the most difficult times in a person's life．You're at a stage when you don't feel like a child anymore and you aren't ready to take up all the responsibilities that adulthood brings with it either． 1
Need to express
At this stage，there is a need for expression of thoughts and feelings．But they don't understand that this need to express themselves and can't be used in whichever way they want，but has to be used with caution． 2
Need to be an independent adult
3 There is a need to be an independent adult，yes，but they haven't learned the ropes of it yet and therefore when parents try to discipline them，they want to oppose their parents and put forth their rights as adults．Therefore，they often go through the “no one understands me” stage，which can lead to many problems like anger and frustration．
Need for acceptance
In addition，being part of a group and developing healthy relationships and getting acceptance from them are of prime importance to young adults． 4 When these things happen，they often get into a self-pitying mode．
Need to succeed
There is an innate need to stand on their own feet． 5 If there is any hurdle on that path，it leads to varied psychological problems like stress，depression，and anger．
These are some of young adults' emotional problems．If you've been faced with them，seek help and treat them．
A．This is where the problems of discipline arise．
B．Therefore，don't ignore these emotional needs．
C．And they want to prove themselves to the world．
D．But there are also misunderstandings and conflicts in a group．
E．So there will be varied emotional issues that can trouble a young adult．
F．They therefore find it difficult to deal with the pressure of mincing their words (直言不讳)．
G．Now that you know what some problems of young adults can be，it'll help you be prepared．
Ⅲ．语法填空(限时6分钟)
(2022·长春市高三质量监测)
Covering 7 million square kilometers of jungle and the river over eight countries，the Amazon rainforest is home to millions of sorts of plants and animals，some of 1． are still being discovered today．It's also the world's 2． (large) supplier of oxygen and is a treasure chest of medical 3． (researcher) who are experimenting with different plants in the hope of finding cures for certain diseases．4． ，the world is at the risk of losing this rich rainforest because of deforestation (滥伐森林) 5． (cause) by the actions of farmers，loggers and settlers．
The Amazon Basin 6． (lose) 20% of its rainforest since 1970．Cattle farmers have 7． (continuous) cleared the land for cows 8． (eat) on and crop farmers have begun slash and burn (刀耕火种)，a farming method that involves cutting down forests and burning the land to make 9． suitable for agricultural purposes．Loggers have been cutting down the trees for timber (木材)，further decreasing its size．
With the destruction of the Amazon rainforest，global warming becomes more of a threat．It is up to each individual to fight against the 10． (disappear) of the Amazon rainforest by making the world know something about this environmental disaster．
Ⅳ．读后续写(限时25分钟)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2022·石家庄市高中毕业班教学质量检测一)
They'd been planning this forever． From her birth, most likely． Mya's mother, Helena loved hosting parties． And Aunt Beatrice loved birthdays． Together, they'd make her Sweet Sixteen a hundred times bigger, bolder, and brighter than it needed to be． They selected a theme every year and stuck to it． Her fourteenth had been the “Snow White” and her ninth had been the “Frozen”． They never told her what the theme was the day before． She'd just wake up on the morning of her birthday，a brand new birthday outfit laid neatly on her dresser (an outfit related to the theme, of course) and she would open her door to see the adventure that lay ahead of her that day．
Mya had a few guesses as to what this year's theme would be． A play on the words “Sweet Sixteen” was likely—a candy-themed party, perhaps But she'd had a baking party a few years ago, and Helena was anything but repetitive． Mya didn't have any interest in cars, so she doubted a sports car party was on the menu． She'd tried to look through her mother's purchase history online, but her mother had been careful enough to delete everything recent． So the only clue left was the birthday outfit she would receive the next morning．
On May 1st, Mya woke． The bright sunlight enabled her eyes to open and she loved the day that her birthday took place． It was always nice out on May 1st and it never rained． This morning was no different than her previous birthdays． She sat up in her bed and looked to her dresser before slipping out of bed and inspecting the outfit． She unfolded it and held it against her body, seeing how it was like． It reached down, just above the ankle． Mya dressed, eyed herself in the mirror and found it was not so much a pretty outfit as she had received before． It was totally one for blue-collar workers!
注意：1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Suddenly，her thoughts were interrupted by a knock．
With everything done, her face shone with a sweet smile．课时分层作业(四十)
Ⅰ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。随着技术的进步，虽然手机支付取代了现金支付，但不用现金的社会仍存在一些不安全和不方便的因素，如增加了诈骗风险、人们不再那么节俭等。
1．C [细节理解题。根据第三段的第二、三句“Paying in cash...that pain somewhat．”可知，用现金支付会给消费者带来心理上的痛苦，而无现金支付已经在一定程度上缓解了这种痛苦。]
2．B [细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句“One of the main...inconvenience that follows．”可知，无现金的世界令人担忧的主要问题之一是诈骗的风险，以及随之而来的不方便。据此可知，“不方便”是作者不支持不用现金支付的第二个理由。]
3．A [标题归纳题。通读全文可知，第一段尾句“However，I do not believe...cash free society．”为全文主旨句，再结合下文内容可知，本文旨在介绍作者反对完全不用现金支付的观点和理由。故A项最适合作为本文标题。]
4．B [推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文首段尾句提出本文观点：不支持完全不用现金支付。接着第二段首句提出两个理由：不安全和不方便。第三段首句提出另一个原因：不使用现金支付让人们不再那么节俭。据此可知，本文是通过分析原因来行文的。]
Ⅱ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。年轻人在从青少年到成年人过渡的阶段会面临很多烦恼和问题。本文就这些烦恼和问题进行了详细描述。
1．E [结合本空的位置和文章结构可知，本空引出下文的内容，又结合下文四个小标题可知，本文主要讲述了年轻人需要做的一些事情，因此E项“所以，会有各种各样的情感问题来困扰年轻人”承上启下，符合语境。]
2．F [结合本段的小标题“Need to express”可知，本段主要讲述了与表达相关的话题，F项中的“mincing their words”明显与表达相关，故F项“因此他们发现难以处理直言不讳的压力”承接上句。]
3．A [根据空后的内容可知，年轻人还没有学会如何成为独立的成年人，因此会反抗父母的管教，并且进入了“没有人能理解我”的阶段，因此，此段主要讲在成为独立的成年人方面会涉及管教问题。故A项符合语境。]
4．D [根据本段小标题“Need for acceptance”和空后一句“When these...a self pitying mode．”可知，空处应该会讲到不被接纳的问题，故D项“但小组内部也有误解和冲突”符合语境。]
5．C [本段小标题是“Need to succeed”，且空前一句讲到了他们内心有独立站起来的迫切要求，因此，空处应该会进一步阐述站起来的迫切要求的体现，故C项“并且他们想向全世界证明自己”符合语境。]
Ⅲ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。被称为“地球之肺”“绿色心脏”的亚马孙雨林因被砍伐和开荒而遭到破坏。
1．which [考查定语从句关系词。空前讲到了亚马孙雨林是数百万动物和植物的家园，其中一些动植物至今仍在被发现和研究。分析句子结构可知，此句的谓语动词分别是is和are being discovered，故空处为引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词plants and animals，故填which。]
2．largest [考查形容词最高级。根据空前的“the world's”和常识可知，亚马孙雨林是世界上最大的天然氧吧。故此处应用形容词最高级。故填largest。]
3．researchers [考查名词复数。根据空后的“are”可知，此处应用可数名词的复数形式。故填researchers。]
4．However [考查副词。空前讲述亚马孙雨林的功能和作用，空后讲述地球正在失去这个富饶的雨林，故前后含有转折关系。故填However。]
5．caused [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此句谓语动词是is，故此空应用非谓语动词。因空处与deforestation之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用过去分词短语作后置定语。故填caused。]
6．has lost [考查时态。根据空后的“since 1970”可知，此处谓语动词应用现在完成时。故填has lost。]
7．continuously [考查词性转换。修饰谓语动词have cleared应用副词。故填continuously。]
8．to eat [考查非谓语动词。此句谓语动词是have cleared，故此空应用非谓语动词。因表达目的，故应用不定式作目的状语。故填to eat。]
9．it [考查代词。此处表达的是农民伐林焚烧使土地适宜农耕。指代the land，应用代词it。故填it。]
10．disappearance [考查词性转换。空前是冠词，空后是介词，此空应填名词。此处表达的是通过让世界了解这一环境灾难，共同对抗亚马孙雨林的消失。故填disappearance。]
Ⅳ．【写作思路】
文章大意：从Mya出生以来，她的妈妈Helena和阿姨Beatrice每年都会为她举行不同主题的生日派对。今年5月1日是Mya的16岁生日，尽管她一直在猜测，并翻阅妈妈的购物记录想要找到线索，但她一无所获。她只好通过今年生日收到的套装来猜测了，而今年的套装是一套蓝领工作服……
谋篇布局：续写的关键在于合理构思蓝领工作服与什么主题的生日派对相关。时态以一般过去时为主，主要人物为Mya、她的妈妈Helena和阿姨Beatrice。
根据续写第一段的提示句可知，有人来敲门了。结合文章脉络和故事发展可以推断，敲门的人应该是Mya的妈妈。结合文章最后预埋的伏笔可以推测，续写第一段应该会揭示Mya的疑问，母女二人之间的对话应该是推动本段发展的主要方式。再结合续写第二段的提示句可知，Mya应该也参与进去了。因此，学生可大胆推测，Mya应该会和妈妈、阿姨一起进行劳作。
根据续写第二段的提示句可知，经过一番劳作之后，Mya很开心。结合语境和故事发展脉络可知，Mya很有收获。因此，学生在本段可就Mya的感受进行详细描述。此外，学生应注意适当升华主题，让故事富有一定的哲理和教育意义。
[参考范文]
Suddenly，her thoughts were interrupted by a knock．“Is the birthday girl up？”Helena asked． Mya opened her bedroom door and surprisingly found they looked the same! Looking at Mya's surprised face, Helena grinned and led her to the kitchen． There was no meal on the table． “Let's prepare for the party together this time，” Aunt Beatrice said gladly dressed in the same outfit． It suddenly occurred to Mya that the theme this year was supposed to be “Sweet Labor, Sweet Sixteen”．
With everything done, her face shone with a sweet smile． Looking around the living room，Mya felt the happiness brought by labor the first time．“Happy Birthday！”Mya turned around in surprise． All of her friends jumped out of any hiding spots with everyone wearing the same outfit．They enjoyed the party and cleaned up together afterwards． Tired as Mya was，she gave Helena and Beatrice a tight hug, and said，“This is the best birthday ever．”课时分层作业(四十一)
选择性必修第四册 Unit 5 Into the unknown
Ⅰ．阅读理解
Bruges，Belgium
If you've seen the movie In Bruges, you probably know a little bit about this city．And even though Colin Farrell's character keeps saying it's boring，you can't deny the beauty of this medieval city．The Gothic architecture is just mesmerizing，all those pretty buildings wrapped in vines that become all shades of crimson in the fall—it's a feast for your eyes．And the canals，you have to take a boat ride through the canals when you're there—it's incredible．Plus，they have the most charming open air markets that work all the way until the end of November，and it's also a great opportunity to taste the best hot chocolate you'll ever have in your life．
Piedmont，Italy
If you like wine and good food，autumn is your peak season for visiting Italy．Fall is vineyard harvest time so definitely go to Piedmont．They also have lots of different food festivals in the autumn here，so if you want to try some mushrooms or truffles，chestnuts or chocolate，Italy is waiting for you this fall．
Loire Valley，France
For those of you who want to witness the colorful displays of autumn with a glass of wine in your hand，Loire Valley is your best destination．This region of France is famous for its vineyards and late October is the peak season if you want to see all the vineyards in a blaze of red，orange and golden hues．It's truly a sight to behold．
Amsterdam，the Netherlands
Amsterdam is beautiful at any time of the year，but there's just something incredibly romantic and picturesque about going on a bike ride in Amsterdam in the autumn．All the beautiful trees covered in red and orange leaves，the maze of canals reflecting the golden rays of the sun，beautiful and charming architecture of the houses that stand alongside the canals look a bit magical in the fall．
1．In how many places can you enjoy wine according to the passage
A．One． B．Two．
C．Three． D．Four．
2．What can visitors taste in both Bruges and Piedmont
A．Truffles． B．Mushrooms．
C．Chocolate． D．Chestnuts．
3．Which activity can be included to your autumn trip
A．Visit many historic sites in Piedmont．
B．Watch the movie In Bruges in Belgium．
C．Take a boat ride through the canals in Amsterdam．
D．Get the best view of the vineyards in Loire Valley in late October．
(2022·成都市诊断性测试)
With rounds of pioneering space flights that could set the stage for future space tourism，it is worth looking at what might be involved for the human exploration of Mars，though it's likely decades away．As we continue to expand our exploration of Mars，there is a question：What might be the lessons of past voyages of discoveries that we should think about
Human exploration has led to many extraordinary new discoveries，but it has also led to the exploitation (开发) of resources．Not long after early European settlers arrived at America，they declared their independence and created the constitution by which modern American society functions．However，this did not prevent the settlers from referring to native people as savages and taking away their rights to liberty，happiness，and even survival．Native Americans were quickly killed by wars and new diseases as the new settlers expanded their land．The natural environment，with which they had established a harmonious relationship，was similarly destroyed by the settlement．
Mars certainly has an impossible environment for human life，but on Mars，humans will be the invasive (侵入的) species．Will our landing on Mars break the ecosystem on it It is possible that Mars has ideal minerals for future development．But apart from technology challenges，will the mining have a disastrous environmental impact on this red neighbour as it has already had on Earth
The achievements of space exploration are certainly to be applauded．The contributions of the related researches on chemistry，medicine and many others are potentially limitless．However，as we look to exploring worlds beyond our own，we need to begin now to look at history to consider how to engage with different life forms，cultures and environments best．We may be capable of writing a law，but we first need to clear our potential invasive impact on another planet that may be completely defenseless．
4．What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 2 refer to
A．Modern American society．
B．The creation of the constitution．
C．The settlement of Europeans．
D．The exploitation of resources．
5．What's the author's concern about the exploration of Mars
A．Humans cannot survive on Mars．
B．Humans may bring new diseases to Mars．
C．The exploration may destroy Mars' ecosystem．
D．Technology challenges will make mining on Mars hard．
6．What's the author's suggestion for future space exploring
A．Making relevant laws properly．
B．Conducting more scientific researches．
C．Predicting its impacts on other planets．
D．Learning from past exploration experiences．
7．Which column is this text most probably taken from
A．Opinion． B．History．
C．Technology． D．Environment．
(2022·太原市模拟考试)
Wherever we go，we are surrounded by history．Across the globe，cultural heritage is passed down through the generations．It is in the buildings and structures around us．It is in the arts and artifacts (手工艺品) we treasure．It lives in the languages we speak and the stories we tell．But today，it is under attack as never before．Not only is the damage of time threatening our cultural heritage，but conflicts，climate change，globalization and tourism are all exacting a heavy price．Technology is now the most essential weapon in the battle．Here's how technology is preserving our cultural heritage．
As you can imagine，creating the replicas (复制品) via crowdsourced 2D images is extremely time-consuming．Increasingly，artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms (算法) are being used to do all the required crowdsourcing，allowing millions of images to be stored in a matter of hours．AI will also make restoration and preservation of existing cultural heritage far easier and vastly superior to previous methods．
Virtual reality (VR) technology will play a leading role in preserving our cultural heritage in the coming years．Many of the most important sites and architecture are extremely fragile．Human interaction with these locations is doing a great deal of harm．Waste accumulates everywhere，causing enormous problems．As more cultural heritage sites and objects are digitally mapped and recorded，VR technology will increasingly become the way that people experience them．We'll all eventually be able to walk through places，look at (and touch！) artifacts and works of art without ever seeing them with our own eyes．
Finally，our cultural heritage will be preserved via technology．Efforts in research，innovation，data sharing and project work will help promote and preserve the cultural heritage of countries all across the world．
8．What does the underlined word “exacting” in paragraph 1 mean
A．Paying． B．Cutting．
C．Receiving． D．Demanding．
9．What is the advantage of AI in preserving cultural heritage
A．It generates 2D images．
B．It makes restoration easier．
C．It makes preservation safer．
D．It creates replicas in seconds．
10．How does VR help to preserve cultural heritage
A．By recycling huge amounts of waste．
B．By reducing human impact on the site．
C．By forbidding visitors from touching artifacts．
D．By educating people about the sites' importance．
11．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．How Technology Changes the Arts
B．What Cultural Heritage Means to Us
C．Preserve the Ancient with the Advanced
D．Prepare for a Revolution in Technology
Ⅱ．完形填空
(2022·济南市十一校联考)
“I am leaving home．” When Timmy，my 10-year-old son，eagerly announced that he couldn't wait to 1 ，the feeling of guilt peaked as I tried to figure out the 2 ．“So，I can get a dog，” he stressed．
But I stayed 3 ，because we didn't need a dog to complete our life—and he gave up．Until the day I overheard Timmy，with his brother，discussing his moving plan．Suddenly，the situation 4 —gain a dog or 5 a child．I felt my resolve 6 ．“We can look into it，” I replied doubtfully，but the kind we wanted cost ridiculous 1，000 dollars! Yes，love had a price．I 7 for thought again．
I shared my 8 with my friend whose love for dogs was quite sensible．He connected me to his pet keeper friend who got a pregnant dog and the baby dogs were due soon．A few days later，we took a surprise trip to the countryside when the little dogs were born．I would admit that all my previous 9 reappeared after watching a group of blind things，but it was too late．Among screams of 10 ，we chose one of the little dogs as ours．
We attempt to 11 our kids in a healthy way —I didn't realize the added dimension of love and 12 that a dog would teach my kids．On a hot day，Timmy cut short his outing to check if Odie，the dog，had enough water．When Odie was sick，my elder son made fresh soup and 13 fed it to him．
My children no longer talk about leaving home 14 there is the troublesome issue of who will take care of the dog．They quietly learn how to give and receive love．If having a dog means linking my children even closer together，it will be a mother's prayer 15 ．
1．A．get off B．give up
C．move out D．step forward
2．A．reason B．problem
C．situation D．fact
3．A．confused B．scared
C．stressed D．determined
4．A．shifted B．mattered
C．ended D．arose
5．A．stop B．lose
C．teach D．punish
6．A．strengthening B．occurring
C．weakening D．disappearing
7．A．promised B．agreed
C．refused D．paused
8．A．dilemma B．opinion
C．experience D．worry
9．A．excitement B．embarrassment
C．surprise D．doubt
10．A．delight B．relief
C．terror D．shock
11．A．treat B．raise
C．praise D．stop
12．A．ability B．responsibility
C．wisdom D．truth
13．A．quickly B．regularly
C．patiently D．directly
14．A．unless B．because
C．but D．though
15．A．answered B．said
C．denied D．offered
Ⅲ．应用文写作
(2022·重庆名校联盟第一次联考)
假如你是李华，你校的图书馆正准备进行改造优化，现向全校师生征求改造建议。请你给图书馆管理员写一封建议信，内容包括：
1．藏书数量；
2．硬件设施；
3．其他建议(至少一条)。
注意：1．写作词数应为80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Sir or Madam，
I am Li Hua，a student in our school．
,
Hopefully my ideas will be helpful．
Yours，
Li Hua课时分层作业(四十一)
Ⅰ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了比利时的布鲁日、意大利的皮德蒙特、法国的卢瓦尔河谷及荷兰的阿姆斯特丹这四个地方的景色特点。
1．B [细节理解题。由题干关键词wine定位至第二段第一句“If you like wine...for visiting Italy．”和第三段第一句“For those of you...with a glass of wine in your hand, Loire Valley is your best destination．”，据此可知，在这四个地方中人们可以在意大利皮德蒙特和法国卢瓦尔河谷品尝葡萄酒，故B项正确。]
2．C [细节理解题。根据第一段尾句中的“and it's also a great opportunity to taste the best hot chocolate”可知，在比利时的布鲁日可以品尝到热巧克力；根据第二段尾句中的“so if you want to try some mushrooms or truffles, chestnuts or chocolate, Italy is waiting for you this fall”可知，人们可以在意大利皮德蒙特品尝到蘑菇或松露，栗子或巧克力。据此可知，在这两个地方人们都能品尝到巧克力。故C项正确。]
3．D [细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，十月下旬是观赏卢瓦尔河谷葡萄园的最佳季节，故D项正确。其他三项文中未提及。]
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。文章就探索火星提出新的观点，表达了对火星生态系统会遭到破坏的担心。
4．B [细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Not long after ...society functions．”可知，早期的欧洲殖民者到达美洲后不久，制定了现代美国社会运行所依据的宪法。根据画线词所在句可知，但宪法的制定并不能阻止殖民者将土著人称为野蛮人，并剥夺他们的自由、幸福甚至生存的权利。据此可知，画线词指代的是“宪法的制定”。]
5．C [细节理解题。根据第三段尤其第二句“Will our landing ...ecosystem on it？”可知，作者担心探索火星可能会破坏火星的生态系统。]
6．D [细节理解题。根据尾段第三句中的“as we look to exploring...cultures and environments”可知，作者建议探索太空时需要从历史中学习。]
7．A [文章出处题。通读全文可知，第一段中的“What might be the ...should think about？”为全文主旨句；结合下文内容可知，本文就探索火星提出论点：正如欧洲殖民者到达美洲将土著人称为野蛮人并剥夺他们的自由、幸福甚至生存的权利那样，探索火星也可能会破坏那里的生态系统。据此可以推知，本文最可能摘自“观点”栏目。]
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。历史与文化遗产无处不在，但是时间的破坏、冲突、气候变化、全球化和旅游业都在威胁着我们的文化遗产；使用人工智能等科技保护这些文化遗产是一个很好的方法。
8．D [词义猜测题。根据该词所在句中的“Not only is ...our cultural heritage”可知，不仅时间的破坏正威胁着我们的文化遗产；根据“but conflicts，climate ...a heavy price”并结合语境可知，而且冲突、气候变化、全球化和旅游业都要我们付出沉重的代价。据此可知，画线词表示“要求”。]
9．B [细节理解题。根据第二段尾句可知，人工智能还将使现存文化遗产的修复和保护更容易且比以前的方法优越得多。]
10．B [推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句“As more cultural heritage... with our own eyes．”可知，VR技术将文化遗址和文物数字化，人们不用亲自去现场便能体验到这些文化遗址和文物，由此可推知，VR通过减少人类对遗址的影响来帮助保护文化遗产。]
11．C [标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章第一段最后两句“Technology is now ...our cultural heritage．”是全文的主旨句，又结合下文内容可知，本文主要介绍了使用人工智能和VR技术保护文化遗产和文物的情况。故C项最适合作本文标题。]
Ⅱ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者的儿子Timmy为了养狗不惜计划搬出去，最终作者只能妥协。后来作者发现通过养狗，孩子们学会了给予、接受爱和承担责任，作者觉得自己的愿望得到了回应。
1．C [根据上文中的“I am leaving home．”可知，此处应是作者的儿子宣布搬出去。A项“下班”；B项“放弃”；C项“搬走”；D项“向前迈进”。故选C。]
2．A [根据下文中的“‘So，I can get a dog，’he stressed．”可推知，此处应是作者询问儿子想搬出去的原因。故选A。]
3．D [根据下文中的“and he gave up”可推知，之前由于作者的坚持和决心，儿子放弃了在家养狗，且下文中的“I felt my resolve”也是提示。A项“困惑的”；B项“害怕的”；C项“焦虑不安的”；D项“坚定的”。故选D。]
4．A [根据上文中的“I am leaving home．”可知，儿子为了养狗宁愿离开家。由此可知，情况发生了变化。A项“改变”；B项“要紧”；D项“出现”。故选A。]
5．B [根据上文中的“I am leaving home．”可知，如果Timmy搬出去了，那么作者就“失去”了一个孩子。故选B。]
6．C [根据空后的“We can look into it”可推知，作者已经不像以前那么坚定了，即决心减弱。A项“加强”；B项“发生”；C项“减弱”；D项“消失”。故选C。]
7．D [根据上文中的“but the kind we wanted cost ridiculous 1，000 dollars”可知，狗太贵，作者停下来思考到底养不养狗。A项“承诺”；B项“同意”；C项“拒绝”；D项“暂停”。故选D。]
8．A [结合上文可知，作者不准Timmy在家里养狗而Timmy为了养狗要搬出去，这件事应是作者面临的困境。A项“困境”；B项“想法”；C项“经历，经验”；D项“担心”。故选A。]
9．D [根据下文中的“but it was too late”可推知，在挑选小狗之际作者的怀疑又涌上心头。A项“兴奋”；B项“尴尬”；C项“惊讶”；D项“怀疑”。故选D。]
10．A [根据上文Timmy为了养小狗准备搬出去可知，他很喜欢小狗，所以在选自己的小狗时非常开心。A项“高兴”；B项“宽慰，减轻”；C项“恐惧”；D项“震惊”。故选A。]
11．B [根据“in a healthy way”可知，此处是指用健康的方式养育孩子。A项“以……态度对待”；B项“抚养，养育”；C项“表扬”；D项“停下”。故选B。]
12．B [根据下文中的“On a hot day，Timmy cut short his outing to check if Odie，the dog，had enough water．”可知，Timmy通过养狗学会了给予爱和承担责任。A项“能力”；B项“责任”；C项“智慧”；D项“真相”。故选B。]
13．C [根据上文中的“I didn't realize the added dimension of love and that a dog would teach my kids”和“When Odie was sick”可知，当Odie生病时，作者的大儿子会耐心地喂它。A项“迅速地”；B项“有规律地”；C项“耐心地”；D项“直接地”。故选C。]
14．B [此处表示作者的孩子们不再谈论离开家的事，因为他们遇到了一个棘手的问题，即谁来照顾狗。此处语境表示因果关系，故选B。]
15．A [此处表示作者意识到养狗可让自己的孩子们更紧密地联系在一起，所以作者认为养狗是作者作为母亲的愿望得到了回应。C项“否定”；D项“提供，主动提出”。故选A。]
Ⅲ．[参考范文]
Dear Sir or Madam，
I am Li Hua，a student in our school．I am rather willing to offer you my suggestions for perfecting our library and increasing its popularity．
Firstly，it benefits a lot to diversify the categories of books and organize more reading related lectures，thus enabling students to make proper choices and stimulating our reading interest．Secondly，more spacious rooms along with comfortable seats should be designed to provide a better reading experience．Also，why not hold meaningful activities like donating second hand books from students to the children in poverty stricken areas，which can greatly reduce the degree to which resources are wasted
Hopefully my ideas will be helpful．
Yours，
Li Hua课时分层作业(四十二)
选择性必修第四册 Unit 6 Space and beyond
Ⅰ．阅读理解(限时7分钟)
(2022·南昌市摸底测试)
We're all familiar with migration (迁徙)：Wildebeests dash across Africa; monarch butterflies fly across the Americas．．．But did you know that forests migrate，too
In his new book The Journeys of Trees，science writer Zach St．George explores an extremely slow migration，as forests creep inch by inch to more pleasant places．
“The migration of a forest is just many trees sprouting(发芽)in the same direction，”St．George writes．“Through the fossils that ancient forests left behind，scientists can track their movement over thousands of years．They move back and forth across continents，sometimes following the same route more than once，like migrating birds or whales．” This has happened over thousands of years，and climate change tends to be the driving force．
Of course，today，climate change is speeding up，and trees can't keep pace．Take California for example，it's getting hotter and drier and scientists estimate that before too long，Sequoia National Park may not be able to keep giant sequoias (巨杉)．
“The scientists there had never seen anything like it，”St．George says．“They worried，and I think at some point we will lose these ancient trees and that we will have to think about what we do with the places，and whether we should plant new groves where they are easy to grow．”
This is known as “assisted migration”—humans planting trees in other places where they're more likely to flourish．But this process carries risks—people can accidentally introduce insects and diseases to new places，where they may wipe out entire native populations．So，St．George writes，there's a debate among conservationists and foresters today：Should humans help the trees escape
“There may be cases where people are probably going to step in and help species move to places where they'll be more suitable in the future，”St．George says．“So far，there are no huge movements of citizen groups moving trees north．But that is kind of one vision of the future that the people I interview sort of hope to see．”
1．What can be learned about the migration of a forest
A．It is mainly the result of climate change．
B．It often follows certain migrating species．
C．It takes thousands of years to complete it．
D．It is very difficult to track the migration．
2．Why does the author mention Sequoia National Park
A．To stress the park is facing a severe situation．
B．To show trees fail to adapt to the climate change．
C．To prove the assisted migration carries risks．
D．To state scientists are hopeful about the environment．
3．What does the underlined word “flourish” in paragraph 6 mean
A．Become valuable．
B．Develop rapidly．
C．Grow well．
D．Escape diseases．
4．What's St．George's attitude towards helping the trees escape
A．Skeptical． B．Supportive．
C．Objective． D．Disapproving．
Ⅱ．阅读七选五(限时7分钟)
(2022·昆明市摸底诊断测试)
Be a Green Guest
When people take a vacation，they often take a vacation from responsibility，too．Our behavior at hotels is one of the biggest problems．We have our linen (亚麻织品) washed daily for us，and are provided with an endless stream of hot water．But all of this luxury equals serious consequences for the environment． 1 ．They offer programs and facilities that save water and energy．That's a good start，but there is a lot more you can do to cut down the amount of waste produced．
· 2 ．
In America alone，there are about 50，000 hotels．Now think if hotel management puts two small bottles for each hotel room every day，that's a huge amount of little plastic bottles that may not even get recycled．And what about all of that shampoo when you don't finish the bottle？A better way is to bring your own shampoo from home．
·Turn off the lights．
You do it when you're at home，right？Do it at the hotel，too．Studies have shown that，in hotels，the majority of energy spent through lighting comes from the bathroom light being left on for more than one hour！ 3 ，remember to hit the switch!
·Don't have your sheets or towels washed every day．
Sure，it's luxury to have linen and towels cleaned every day，but that's all it is ．Washing a set of bed sheets and a pair of bathroom towels requires about 12－16 gallons of water．See if there is a policy for requesting that your towels and linen get washed weekly．In some hotels，it's as simple as hanging towels back up on a hook． 4 ．
These tips are also useful for trips to a friend's or relative's house． 5 ．They will also save your hosts a lot of money．
A．Think about bathroom facilities
B．Just say “no” to hotel shampoo
C．When you're using the bathroom
D．After you're done with your business
E．They will save plastic，water，and electricity
F．More and more hotels are becoming eco-friendly
G．In others，you may ask the front desk for a personal request
Ⅲ．语法填空(限时6分钟)
(2022·济南市学情检测)
New Year pictures，ancient Chinese folk art，are well known．Chinese people have the custom of sticking up New Year pictures 1． (celebrate) the Spring Festival．This custom dating from the Song Dynasty is 2． (particular) popular in the vast countryside，3． every household will be busy cleaning the whole house and sticking 4． (color) pictures or paper cuttings on their doors，windows，walls，and stoves．
Traditional New Year pictures，usually 5． (create) by the block printing method，are famous for simple lines，brilliant colors and scenes of prosperity．The method 6． (consist) of several steps: drawing，block engraving，printing，and coloring．The finished pictures，therefore，have the features of both woodcut prints and Chinese paintings，7． (make) a special branch in traditional folk art．
The themes expressed in New Year pictures cover a wide range，from a plump baby holding a fish to Shouxing，from landscapes to birds and flowers，from the ploughing cattle in spring to rich harvests in autumn．Human figures often show artistic exaggeration (夸张)，but 8． message in all pictures is always good luck，9． (happy) or other nice things regarding the wish of the people．10． the improvement of printing technologies，there is more and more new material for New Year pictures．
Ⅳ．读后续写(限时25分钟)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2022·石家庄市高中毕业班教学质量检测二)
One day a man named Steve Gowan was fishing in the Thames Estuary in Britain．By the end of the day, besides fishes and sea weeds, he fished a messenger bottle．He opened it carefully and inside the bottle was a brief loving letter from a British soldier named Hughes to his wife：
Dear wife，I am writing this note on this boat and dropping it into the sea just to see if it will reach you．If it does，sign this envelope on the bottom right-hand corner where it says receipt．Put the date and the hour of receipt and your name where it says signature and look after it well．
Ta-ta sweet, for the present．Your Hubby．
Also attached was a note intended for the finder of the bottle：
Sir or madam, would you kindly forward the enclosed letter and earn the blessing of a poor British soldier on his way to the front this ninth day of September，1914．Signed Private T．Hughes．
Actually, as Hughes crossed the English Channel on 9 September, 1914, at 7：52 pm，he dropped a message in a green beer bottle over the side of the ship and he died two days later in the war．
85 years later, the bottle was finally caught by Steve Gowan, the fisherman．Steve Gowan examined the letter carefully．It had the soldier's name and army number, so he supposed that the message should be real．But how could he deliver it to the intended recipient In 1999, the Internet was still in its early years．No way would he be able to find Hughes's possible surviving family that way! So, what to do
Well, he put an advertisement in a local paper! The story captured so many hearts and minds that it gained national coverage．Somewhere along the way, through magic and luck, he learned that Hughes's daughter, Emily, was still alive in New Zealand!
注意：1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Right away, Gowan and journalists managed to get in touch with Emily．
The local paper decided to offer Mr Gowan an air ticket to deliver the letter in person．课时分层作业(四十二)
Ⅰ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。我们都熟悉动物迁徙，但是你知道森林也会迁徙吗？科学作家Zach St．George探索了一种极其缓慢的迁徙，即森林缓慢地蔓延到更舒适的地方。无论是动物的迁徙还是森林的迁徙，主要都是由气候变化引起的。人们有可能会介入植物的迁徙过程，协助植物迁徙，但这种协助性迁徙有利也有弊，所以存在争论。
1．A [细节理解题。根据第三段尾句可知，气候变化往往是森林迁徙的驱动力。故A项正确。]
2．B [细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知，气候变化在加速，而树木无法跟上其变化的速度，因此巨杉树可能无法在Sequoia National公园生存。由此可知，提及该公园是为了表明树不能适应气候变化。故B项正确。]
3．C [词义猜测题。根据第六段中的“humans planting trees in other places”可知，人类把树木移植到能够使它们茁壮生长的地方。故C项正确。]
4．C [观点态度题。根据第六段中的“there's a debate among conservationists and foresters today: Should humans help the trees escape？”可知，St．George认为人类是否应该帮助树木迁徙，还存在争论。由此可知，他对人类帮助树木迁徙的态度是客观的。故C项正确。]
Ⅱ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文．本文主要讲述了人们在外出住酒店时可以通过很多方式来减少污染、节约能源、保护环境。
1．F [根据空后一句“They offer programs and facilities that save water and energy．”可知，they 指代的应该是hotels，再结合空前一句中的“all of this luxury equals serious consequences for the environment”可知，空处应该会讲到酒店已经意识到环境问题并开始行动，故F项符合语境。]
2．B [根据本段内容尤其是最后一句“A better way is to bring your own shampoo from home．”可知，本段主要讲到了不要用酒店的洗发水，这样可以减少塑料污染，故B项适合作本段的主旨句。]
3．D [分析句子结构可知，空后是一个祈使句，且没有连词连接，空处应该是一个从句。分析选项，快速锁定C和D，结合空后语境“记得去按开关”和常识可知，应是在你完成自己的事之后记得去关灯，故D项符合语境。]
4．G [空前一句讲到了“In some hotels...”，G项中的“In others”与之对应，且讲到了自己无法处理时的解决方案，故G项符合语境。]
5．E [根据空后一句“They will also save...”可知，空处应该会讲到“They will save...”，故E项符合语境。]
Ⅲ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲了年画的来历、特点、制作方法和寓意。
1．to celebrate [考查非谓语动词。本句的谓语动词是have，空处在句中为非谓语，结合句意“中国人有贴年画庆祝春节的习俗”可知，此处为目的状语，所以空处填to celebrate。]
2．particularly [考查词性转换。空处修饰后面的形容词popular，需要用副词，所以填particularly。]
3．where [考查定语从句关系词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为表示地点的名词countryside，关系词在从句中作地点状语，所以填where。]
4．colorful [考查非谓语动词。空处修饰后面的名词pictures，需要用形容词，所以填colorful。]
5．created [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中为非谓语，create与主语之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，所以填过去分词created。]
6．consists [考查时态。空处在句中作谓语，又结合语境可知，此处描述的是客观情况，时态应使用一般现在时；主语The method为第三人称单数。所以空处填consists。]
7．making [考查非谓语动词。本句的谓语动词是have，空处在句中为非谓语，且表示自然而然的结果，所以填现在分词making。]
8．the [考查冠词。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，空处需用冠词修饰空后的message，且此处message特指所有的年画中传达的信息，因此空处填定冠词the。]
9．happiness [考查词性转换。空处与前面的good luck和后面的other nice things形成并列关系，需用名词，且happiness为不可数名词，所以空处填happiness。]
10．With [考查介词。结合句意“随着印刷技术的改进”可知，空处需要填介词With。]
Ⅳ．【写作思路】
文章大意：1999年，Steve Gowan在捕鱼的时候发现了英国士兵Hughes于1914年去往前线的时候写给妻子的放在漂流瓶里的信。1999年的时候，网络还不够发达，Steve Gowan选择了登报找人，几经周折，Steve Gowan得知Hughes的女儿Emily生活在新西兰……
谋篇布局：根据续写第一段的提示句和续写第二段的提示句可知，续写第一段应着重叙述Emily得知这封信的存在之后的反应，学生应结合“85年之后”这个线索去体会Emily的感受。
根据续写第二段的提示句可知，当地报社决定给Steve Gowan一张机票让他亲自去送这封信。因此，本段可首先描述Steve Gowan得到这个消息时的感受和想法，并合理构思二人会面后的情况。学生在续写的过程中应注意以一般过去时为主，利用句式变化描述感受、刻画人物。注意语言的衔接连贯和故事的合理性。
[参考范文]
Right away, Gowan and journalists managed to get in touch with Emily． It felt like a miracle to this senior lady and she couldn't even believe it was true． Emily said in an exciting voice，“I only possess a few photos of my father and spent most of my life trying to find more about him． I am so happy to hear this discovery！” The letter meant so much to her and it seemed that it was a gift from her father． What was more surprising was another gift from the local paper．
The local paper decided to offer Mr Gowan an air ticket to deliver the letter in person．Steve Gowan felt it was like a mission and gladly accepted the gift． Hughes's message to his family was finally delivered 85 years after it was sent． When Emily opened the letter with her trembling hands，Gowan witnessed tears, laughter, sweet memories and gratitude, all the mixed feelings from Emily． He felt he had fished not a letter in a bottle but a huge treasure，a bridge connecting the living with the dead，a message bonding a family．
