(共68张PPT)
选择性必修 第四册
UNIT 1 SCIENCE FICTION
★每日早晚必背
单元话题写作
(2022届北京十一学校高三学部五月教与学质量诊断)假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。毕业在即,同学们想请曾在你班学习的英国学生Jim录制一段视频。作为班长,请你给Jim写一封电子邮件。内容包括:
1.视频内容;
2.其他相关事项。
丰富的句式结构
1.It’s a pity that you can’t be present at the graduation ceremony.(It’s a pity that…句式)
2.I bet the video will be a hit at the ceremony and it’s bound to bring back fond memories of our time together.(经典表达方式:It’s+adj.+to do)
3.Please email it to me by next Sunday, and if you need assistance of any kind, I’d be more than happy to help.(结尾简洁明了表达个人想法与意愿)
佳文背诵
Dear Jim,
How are you doing It’s been a while and we all miss you. I’m writing to invite you to join us in a special event.
You know, we’ll graduate in June. It’s a pity that you can’t be present at the graduation ceremony. But we do hope you can attend in a different way. Would you like to record a short video to express your wishes And it’ll be great if you can share us with your life in Britain. I bet the video will be a hit at the ceremony and it’s bound to bring back fond memories of our time together.
Sounds fun, right Please email it to me by next Sunday, and if you need assistance of any kind, I’d be more than happy to help.
Yours,
Li Hua
★课前语基夯实
高频重点词汇
◎核心词汇 会运用
1. n. 意外收获;奖金;红利
2. adj. 愚蠢的;荒谬的;荒唐的
3. n. 庄重;庄严;尊严
4. n. 薪水;薪金
5. adj. 荒谬的;荒唐的
bonus
ridiculous
dignity
salary
absurd
6. n. 指甲;趾甲;钉子
vt.(用钉子)钉牢;固定
7. adj. 内疚的;有罪的;有过失的
8. v. 悬;挂;暂停;暂缓
9. vt. 解散;解雇;消除
10. conj. 然而;但是;尽管
11. adj. 每周的 n.周刊
12. adj. 更好的;占优势的;(在级别或重要性上)更高的
nail
guilty
suspend
dismiss
whereas
weekly
superior
13. n. 劳动(者);体力劳动
vi.奋斗;努力工作
14. n. 英寸(长度单位,等于2.54厘米)
15. vt.&vi. 紧握;抓紧
16. vt.(去)拿来;(去)请来
17. n. 速度;步伐;节奏
vi.&vt.确定速度;调整节奏
18. adj. 随机的;不可思议的
labour
inch
grip
fetch
pace
random
【语境活用】根据汉语意思填写单词
1.Jack was so friendly and honest that I always considered him as a man of (诚实正直).
2.Only in this way can we maintain our (尊严).
3.It is (宣布) by the government that married women are encouraged to give birth to the third child.
4.The mother dog would (去取) its baby dog every time they returned it to the couple.
5.I have an (约会) with my dentist at 11:30 a.m.
integrity
dignity
declared
fetch
appointment
6.Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the (强烈的欲望) to snack between the meals.
7.Tom lost his footing and fell (向后) into the water.
8.The complete (分开) of mechanism makes it easy to apply and improve.
9.In order to get the (更好的) quality, we only use selected raw materials.
10.My roommate works so fast that I can’t keep (步伐) with her.
urge
backwards
division
superior
pace
◎拓展词汇 能提升
1. n.预约;约会;委任→ vt. 任命;委派
→ adj. 指定的;约定的
2. adj. 内疚的;有罪的;有过失的→ n. 内疚;有罪
3. n. 女售货员;女推销员→ n. 售货员;推销员
4. vt. 表明;宣称;公布→ n. 宣告;宣言;宣布
5. vt. 计算;核算;预测→ n. 计算→ n. 计算器
6. n. 无行动;不采取措施→ n. 行动;行为
appointment
appoint
appointed
guilty
guilt
saleswoman
salesman
declare
declaration
calculate
calculation
calculator
inaction
action
7. n. 侄女;外甥女→ n. 侄子;外甥
8. n. 分开;分隔;差异;除(法)→ vi.&vt. 划分;分割;分配;分开
9. n. 强烈的欲望;冲动 vt.催促;力劝;大力推荐
→ adj.急迫的;迫切的;紧急的→ n. 急迫性
10. adj. 最大极限的 n. 最大量;最大限度→ adj. 最小极限的 n. 最小量;最小限度
11. vi.&vt. 爆炸;爆破→ n. 爆炸;爆发;激增
12. n. 泥;泥浆→ adj. 泥泞的;多泥的
niece
nephew
division
divide
urge
urgent
urgency
maximum
minimum
explode
explosion
mud
muddy
【语境活用】使用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene
(declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business.
2.There are many particles (suspend) in the water.
3.We rang you up in order to make an (appoint) with you.
4.She was accused of being (guilt) of stealing her friend’s ring.
5.The drugs will be tested out once (produce) in the lab.
declared
suspending
appointment
guilty
produced
6.It is hard (calculate) mothers’ devotion to kids.
7.Parents are permitted to go outdoors on a regular (base).
8.If you are late again, you will be (dismiss).
9.We should work out what our (week) costs are.
10.When the boiler (explode), many people were injured.
to calculate
basis
dismissed
weekly
exploded
高频短语串记
◎单元短语再现
test out;more like;on a…basis;pros and cons;superior to;take over; conflict with;turn out;fall away;have an urge to do sth.
【语境活用】选用前面短语的适当形式填空
1.A younger generation will begin to the cause.
2.If the day wet, we may have to change our plans.
3.His supporters as his popularity declined.
take over
turns out
fell away
4.This has clearly demonstrated that high plant population is
the low.
5.She behaves towards me a friend than a mother.
6.We need to discuss the of the method.
7.Summer holiday is coming and I travel.
8.This article brought her into the authorities.
superior to
more like
pros and cons
have an urge to
conflict with
重点句型仿写
背原句 明句型 巧仿写
He suggested that she invite Gladys and her friends to the house the night before he was to leave and Larry was to return.
他建议在他离开和拉里回来的前一天晚上,她邀请格拉迪斯和她的朋友来家里。 suggest引导宾语从句时,从句采用虚拟语气 1.I __________________
__________________and read them at your leisure.
我建议你把表格带回去有空慢慢看。
suggest you (should)
take away the forms
背原句 明句型 巧仿写
She heard him declare that he did not want to leave her the next day, and that he felt more than just the desire to please her.
她听见他说他不想第二天离开她,他感到的不仅仅是想让她高兴。 动词后面的第一个宾语从句中的that可以省略,而第二个that不可以省略 2.I simply believe that Jack is really afraid of social links, and________________________ others.
我仅仅相信杰克真的害怕社交,并且他喜欢躲避他人。
that he likes shying away from
背原句 明句型 巧仿写
Now she was being looked after by a robot that looked so human, and it was disturbing.
现在她被如此通人性的机器人照顾着,这使她觉得很心烦。 进行时的被动式: be+being done 3.The National Museum
______________________________ and therefore tourists are not allowed to enter.
国家博物馆正在维修中,所以游客不许进入。
is being repaired
背原句 明句型 巧仿写
It was at ten o’clock today that the first of all Time Machines began its career.
今天十点钟,第一台时间机器开始了它的工作。 强调句型It is/was…that… 4.It was his amazing performance at the 49th and 50th International Mathematical Olympiad ______________________________.
他在第49届和第50届国际数学奥林匹克中的惊人表现震惊世界。
that set the world on fire
背原句 明句型 巧仿写
She looked at his fingers with wonder as they turned each page.
她惊奇地看着他的手指翻动着书页。 连词as表示“当……时候” 5.Viewers were impressed by his humble lifestyle___________________________ and a bag of steamed buns.
当他拿着一瓶水和一袋馒头的时候,他的谦虚的生活方式给观众留下了深刻印象。
as he held a bottle of water
词汇精磨
1.appointment n.预约;约会;委任
【先精练】单句语法填空
(1)He announced the (appoint) of manager yesterday, which made everyone very happy.
(2)Sam has been (appoint) manager of the engineering department to take the place of George.
【答案】(1)appointment (2)appointed
【再精写】微写作
(3)老师建议我为没能赴约向你道歉。
My teacher made a suggestion that I should apologise to you for failing to .
【答案】(3)keep the appointment
【归纳拓展】
(1)appoint sb.as/to be… 任命某人为……
appoint sb.to do sth. 委派某人做某事
(2)appointed adj. 指定的;约定的
at the appointed time在约定的时间
(3)make/have an appointment with sb.
和某人约会
keep/break an appointment 守约/违约
hold an appointment as 任职
2.declare vt.表明;宣称;公布
【先精练】单句语法填空
(1)In September 1939, Britain (declare) war on Germany after Germany invaded Poland.
(2)She read the (declare) aloud for everyone to hear it clearly.
【答案】(1)declared (2)declaration
【再精写】微写作
(3)据宣称那个人想成为第一个克隆人类的人。
the man wants to be the first to clone a human being.
【答案】(3)It is declared that
【归纳拓展】
(1)declare war on… 向……宣战
declare…to be/as…
将……宣布……为……
declare that… 宣布……
It’s declared that… 据称/说……
(2)declaration n.声明;宣告
the declaration of war宣战
3.calculate vt.计算;核算;预测
【先精练】单句语法填空
(1)It is roughly (calculate) that in 1997 alone, about 2.3 million people died of HIV.
(2)The painting is so valuable that it is difficult (calculate) what its price would be.
(3)By my (calculate), we made a profit of $20,000 last year.
【答案】(1)calculated (2)to calculate (3)calculation
【再精写】微写作
(4)我相信我能精确计算出政治后果。
the political consequences accurately.
【答案】(4)I hold the belief that I am capable of calculating
【归纳拓展】
(1)calculate that… 算出……
It is/has been calculated that…
据估算……
be calculated to do sth.
打算/计划做某事
(2)calculation n. 计算
calculator n. 计算器
(3)表示“打算/计划做某事”的短语还有:
be due to do sth.;be scheduled to do sth.
4.division n.分开;分隔;差异;除(法)
【先精练】单句语法填空
(1)In groups discuss what the possible work (divide) was between men and women.
(2)The course book is (divide)into 30 lessons.
divided
division
【再精写】微写作
(3)令他母亲高兴的是,男孩已经学会了做除法。
To his mother’s joy, the boy .
(4)他们之间的意见分歧导致了他们的失败。
contributed to their defeat.
(5)当妈妈把蛋糕切块的时候,她提醒我们去洗手。
When , my mother reminded us to wash our hands.
has learned/learnt to do division
Division of opinions among themselves
dividing the cake into parts
【归纳拓展】
(1)a division of… ……的分歧
the division between…and…
……和……的分界线/分割
do division 做减法
(2)divide v.划分;分割
divide…into… 把……划分成……
be divided into… 被划分成……
【名师点击】
(1)以-d/de结尾的动词变名词时,把- d/de变为-sion,如:decide→decision;conclude→conclusion;explode→explosion
(2)辨析:divide与separate
divide divide 通常指把整体分为若干部分,其后常接介词into。
separate separate 通常指把原来连在一起或靠近的东西分隔开来,其后常接介词from。
5.urge n.强烈的欲望;冲动
vt.催促;力劝;大力推荐
【先精练】单句语法填空
(1)The professor (urge) that young couples should set aside some money every month in case of emergency.
(2)Schools should actively urge their students (make) good use of the opportunity to join sports teams.
urges
to make
(3)It is strongly urged that the library (keep) open during the vacation.
(4)The people in the earthquake-stricken area are in (urge) need of food, medicine and shelters.
(5)There is no sense of (urge) to do my schoolwork immediately.
(should) be kept
urgent
urgency
【再精写】微写作
(6) 我们社区的所有人都催促我采取措施改善我们的状况。
All the people in our community___________________________________ to improve our condition.
(7)我有到世界各地旅行的强烈愿望。
I all over the world.
urge me into taking steps/measures
have a strong urge to travel
【归纳拓展】
(1)have/feel an urge to do sth.
有欲望去做某事
urge sb.to do sth. 催促某人做某事
urge sb.into doing sth.
催促某人做某事
urge that…(should) do sth.
极力主张做某事
(2)urgent adj. 急迫的;紧急的
urgency n. 紧迫;急迫;急事
6.random adj. 随机的;不可思议的
【先精练】单句语法填空
(1)The lucky attendees will be picked out random rather than chosen beforehand to ask a question to Mr.Tian at the end of the lecture.
(2)The winning numbers are (random) selected by computer.
【答案】(1)at (2)randomly
【再精写】微写作
(3)一个人不能用随机的方式解决这个问题,除非其他人达成一致。
One could not approach this problem____________________________ unless others agreed on it.
(4)她继续说下去,有些语无伦次。
She went on, talking somewhat .
【答案】(3)in a random fashion (4)at random
【归纳拓展】
(1)random n.随意;随机;胡乱
at random随便地;任意地
random remarks胡说八道;随便说的话
make a random choice 随便选择
in a random fashion 以随机的方式
(2)randomly adv.任意地;随便地;胡乱地
7.test out检验;测试
【先精练】单句语法填空
(1)His new kind of medicine is (test) out on animals first.
(2)From the perspective of an adult, this game is a typical way how children get (test) out their strength and limits.
【答案】(1)tested (2)to test
【再精写】微写作
(3)科学家们通常是通过实验检验理论的。
It is common for scientists by experiments.
(4)他的工作就是在汽车投入市场之前检验汽车的新设计。
His work is before they are put on the market.
【答案】(3)to test out theories (4)to test out new designs of cars
【归纳拓展】
try out尝试;试验;试用
give out分发;用完
leave out省略;遗漏
set out (to do sth.) 出发;开始(做某事)
put out扑灭
make out弄清楚;理解
8.conflict with… 与……冲突或抵触
【先精练】单句语法填空
(1)I still remember the time when your interests conflict mine.
(2)In great wars—the American Civil War, the First and Second World wars—the largest casualties were suffered just before the ___________ (conflict) ended.
【答案】(1)with (2)conflicts
【再精写】微写作
(3)她发现自己与父母在未来的职业问题上有分歧。
She found herself her parents over the future career.
(4)这个故事讲述了爱与责任之间的经典冲突。
The story tells of a classic .
【答案】(3)in conflict with (4)conflict between love and duty
【归纳拓展】
conflict with… 与……冲突或抵触
in conflict with sb. 和某人发生冲突
come into conflict with sb.
与某人产生冲突或争执
bring sb.into conflict with…
使某人与……产生冲突
the conflict between…and…
……和……之间的冲突
9.turn out关掉;熄灭;在场;使朝外;结果是;生产;制造
【先精练】写出各句中的turn短语含义
(1)He turned up the ends of his trousers and waded across the river.
(2)Thousands of people turned out for the funeral.
(3)Please remember to turn off the lights when you leave the office.
(4)The party turned out to be very successful.
(5)The factory turned out twice as many TV sets this year as last year.
【答案】(1)卷起 (2)在场 (3)关掉 (4)结果是 (5)生产
【再精写】微写作
(6)天气变暖了,我们该关掉加热器了。
It gets warmer, so it’s time that we .
(7)我一个亲密的朋友最近十年每年写两部小说。
One of my close friends for the last decade.
【答案】(6)turned off the heater (7)has turned out two novels a year
【归纳拓展】
(1)turn out结果是(尤指出乎意料的结果)
turn out+adj.
turn out+that从句
turn out to be…
(2)turn up 调高;出现;到来;发现;卷起
turn down 调低(音量等);拒绝
turn on 打开(水、煤气、电灯等)
turn off 关掉(水、煤气、电灯等)
turn around 转身
turn to sb. for help 求助于某人
句型精讲
1.(教材P3)He suggested that she invite Gladys and her friends to the house the night before he was to leave and Larry was to return.
他建议在他离开和拉里回来的前一天晚上,她邀请格拉迪斯和她的朋友来家里。
【先精练】单句语法填空
(1)It is suggested that the meeting (put) off till next week.
(2)The manager put forward a (suggest) that we (should) have an assistant.
【答案】(1)(should) be put (2)suggestion
【再精写】微写作
(3)了解到你对中国文化的浓厚兴趣,我建议你申请北京大学,中国最好的大学之一。
Learning you are interested in Chinese culture, I suggest _____________ Peking University, one of the best universities in China.
(4)我不是建议你们忽视问题,或者假装事情比实际情况更好。
I don’t suggest you , or that you pretend things are better than they are.
【答案】(3)you (should) apply for (4)neglect the problem
【句法分析】
suggest表示“建议”,后接从句时,从句中谓语动词用虚拟语气,即谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。但当suggest作“表明”讲时,后面的宾语从句用陈述语气。
【名师点击】
类似的用法归纳
(1)demand,order,require,insist,suggest,propose,advise,request,urge,command,prefer,desire,recommend等动词后接的宾语从句中,要使用虚拟语气,谓语动词形式为“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。
(2)在主语从句It is desired/suggested/proposed/recommended/necessary /important/strange/natural/a pity/essential+that…中,要使用虚拟语气,从句中的谓语动词形式用“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。
It is necessary that each citizen (should) follow the direction of our government in face of the pandemic.
面对流行病,每位市民都需要服从政府的指挥。
(3)在suggestion,proposal,order,plan,idea,request,advice等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中,要用虚拟语气,谓语动词形式是“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。
2.(教材P2)She looked at his fingers with wonder as they turned each page.
她惊奇地看着他的手指翻动着书页。
【先精练】写出下列as 的含义
(1)When in Rome, do as the Romans do.
(2)We don’t see things as they are;we see them as we are.
(3)As children grow older, they become more and more interested in everything.
(4)As you are not feeling well, you may stay at home.
(5)Patient as I was, after about 15 minutes, I grew frustrated.
【答案】(1)按照 (2)正如 (3)随着 (4)既然 (5)虽然
【再精写】微写作
(6)虽然他是一名伟大的科学家,袁隆平自认为是一名普通的农民。
, Yuan Longping considered himself to be a common farmer.
(7)正如想象的样子,实验结果是惊人的。
, the result of the experiment was amazing.
【答案】(6)Great scientist as he was (7)As imagined
【句法分析】
连词as的用法如下:
(1)引导方式状语从句,意为“按照,如同”;
(2)引导时间状语从句,意为“当……时候,一边……一边……,随着”;
(3)引导原因状语从句,意为“因为;既然”;
(4)引导让步状语从句(倒装句),意为“尽管”。
(5)引导定语从句,意为“正如”。
as作介词时,意为“作为”。
※真题长难句精讲精析
(2021·全国高考乙卷)The right level of background noise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander, without making it impossible to focus.
[句式解构]本句为enough后跟 ,without引导 。句中的allow使用了 的用法,后面的without和impossible构成了 表示肯定。
[句意翻译]
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
不定式
结果状语
allow sth. to do sth.
双重否定表示肯定
适当水平的背景噪音或许会打断我们的正常思维模式,这足以让我们的想象力四处游荡,而不会让我们无法集中注意力。
★能力优化集训
课本回放
◎语境填词
declare;appointment;calculate;urge;at random;be divided into;division
One day, I made an 1. with my classmates to sign up for a mini-marathon, which was organised at the beginning of the month. A few days later, we got everything ready. However, we 2. different groups 3. . Although we would rather we were in the same group, we accepted the 4. .
appointment
were divided into
at random
division
Everyone had an 5. to be the first to cross the finishing line. Finally, the judges who were responsible to 6. and record the scores 7. that I was the most impressive runner of all. Excited enough, I would never forget this great moment.
urge
calculate
declared
技能提升
【语境辨义】根据语境写出黑体词的词性及含义
1.The stone axes used to chop down trees to make these dwellings were far superior to any that the Stone Age hunter-gatherers used.
2.Sylvia fetched a towel from the bathroom.
3.The young teacher suspended the naughty boy for a week.
4.His recent promotion by his employer means a raise in salary.
adj. 更好的
v. (去)拿来
v.使暂时停学
n.薪水
5.It was absurd of you to suggest such a thing.
6.The pace of change has not been quick enough to satisfy everyone.
7.According to observers, the plane exploded shortly after take-off.
adj.荒谬的
n. 速度
v. 爆炸
写作空间
◎佳句回眸
1.(2020·全国高考卷Ⅱ)虽然我很累,但我感到非常高兴和放松。(as)
, I felt more than delighted and relaxed.
【答案】Tired as I was
2.(2020·全国高考卷Ⅱ)我妻子建议我试着为儿童读物画画。(suggest)
My wife my hand in painting for children’s books.
【答案】suggested that I try
3.(2021·全国新高考Ⅰ卷)法国人认真对待他们每周35小时的工作时间,如此认真以至于一些工会最近与一些公司达成协议,限制独立承包商随叫随到的工作时间。(so…that)
The French take their 35-hour workweek some labor unions recently struck a deal with a group of companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call.
【答案】so seriously that
4.开场的几段讲话听上去更像是战争宣言而不是和平倡议。
The opening speeches of war than offerings of peace.
【答案】sounded more like declarations
◎短文写作
根据汉语提示并运用本单元的词汇和语法写一篇短文
随着越来越多的大学生在校期间做兼职,人们对此观点因人而异。以下是其利和弊。首先,俗话说,劳动使人光荣。大学生们不仅可以通过兼职获取合理的薪水,帮助支付高额学费,而且能开阔视野。其次,做过兼职工作的大学生会在招聘中比没有兼职经历的更胜一筹。相反,有人认为兼职可能会与学习产生冲突,无法保证踏实学习,以至于会影响毕业资格。我们建议要考虑所有因素。
【答案】One possible version:
As more and more college students are choosing to do part-time jobs on school days, opinions on this differ from person to person.Here are the pros and cons. Firstly, as the saying goes, labor makes someone glorious. College students can not only gain reasonable salary through part-time jobs, which help pay high tuition fees, but also broaden their horizons. Secondly, it turns out that those who have done part-time jobs are superior to those who haven’t when it comes to hiring.On the contrary, some think that there is a conflict between part-time jobs and study. They hold the view that steadfast study may be affected due to lack of time, thus making them unqualified in graduation.We suggest that we should take all factors into consideration.(共61张PPT)
选择性必修 第四册
UNIT 2 ICONIC ATTRACTIONS
★每日早晚必背
单元话题写作
(北京市昌平区 2022年高三年级第二次统一练习)假如你是李华,你的英国笔友Jim听说你校3月份举行了“高考百日誓师”大会(the 100 day Oath of College Entrance Examination),对此他很感兴趣。请依据下列信息,给他回信,介绍此次活动。内容包括:
1.时间与地点;
2.主要内容和目的;
3.你的感受。
丰富的句式结构
1.I’ve heard you’re quite interested in the 100-day Oath of College Entrance Examination in our school. Now I’d like to tell you something about it.(开头部分引入话题的经典表达方式:首先对来信中的请求内容进行提炼,然后简短地引出下文内容)
2.When the host announced the beginning of the oath, we students all raised our fists and followed the oath by the host excitedly to inspire ourselves to work harder in the following days.(when引导的时间状语从句;不定式作目的状语)
3.Then the headmaster gave a speech to encourage us and wish us an excellent grade in the coming Gaokao.(过渡词的运用使得表述更具条理性,wish sb. sth.的双宾形式)
4.At that moment I was extremely inspired and decided to make a greater effort to realize my dream to a better university.(不定式to realize…作realize的目的状语;介词短语to a better…作dream的后置定语)
佳文背诵
Dear Jim,
I’ve heard you’re quite interested in the 100-day Oath of College Entrance Examination in our school. Now I’d like to tell you something about it.
The ceremony was held on March 5th in the meeting hall. When the host announced the beginning of the oath, we students all raised our fists and followed the oath by the host excitedly to inspire ourselves to work harder in the following days. Then the headmaster gave a speech to encourage us and wish us an excellent grade in the coming Gaokao. At that moment I was extremely inspired and decided to make a greater effort to realize my dream to a better university.
That’s all. Any questions
Yours,
Li Hua
★课前语基夯实
高频重点词汇
◎核心词汇 会运用
1. n. 创建;基础;地基
2. n. 公共场所;关节
adj. 联合的;共同的
3. adj. 中空的;空心的
4. adj. 坦率的;简单的
5. n. 标语;口号
foundation
joint
hollow
straightforward
slogan
6. vi.&n. 潜水;跳水;俯冲
7. vt. 倡议;赞助;主办
n. (法案等的)倡议者;赞助者
8. n. 样本;样品
9. n. 纪念碑(或馆等);历史遗迹
10. n. 树干
11. n. 一场;一段时间;会议
12. n. 巢穴;鸟窝;秘密窝点
dive
sponsor
sample
monument
trunk
session
nest
13. n. 哺乳动物
14. vi. 孵出;破壳
vt. 使孵出;策划;(尤指)密谋
15. n. 能力;容量
16. n. 栅栏;围栏
17. n. 监狱;监禁
18. adj.大;宏大的
mammal
hatch
capacity
fence
prison
grand
【语境活用】根据汉语意思填写单词
1.All of a sudden, I am determined to build on this solid (基础).
2.This tree looks high and strong but actually its trunk is
(中空的).
3.She as well as her cousins attended the summer (一段时间) of college.
4.The numerous striking (标语) of this new irrigation device can be seen everywhere.
foundation
hollow
session
slogans
5.Among the (大的) challenges of science robotics are its impacts on the application areas.
6.Bradford sold the building and land to a local development firm, which plans to build a shopping complex on the land where the theatre is (位于).
7.This troop of soldiers have the (能力) to destroy the enemy in days rather than weeks.
8.Thousands of people have written to us for a free (样品).
9.I wonder if the literature can be put in (简单的) Chinese.
10.Arts activity demands a (共同的) effort. It involves creation, performance, and marketing.
grand
located
capability
sample
straightforward
joint
◎拓展词汇 能提升
1. ____________adj.符号的;图标的→ ____________n.图片;符号
2. ____________adj.政治的→ ____________adv.政治上→ ____________n. 政治学;政治→ ____________n.政治家;政客
3. ____________adj. 位于→ ____________vt.坐落于;找到……的位置→ ____________n. 地点;位置
4. ____________vt.&vi.(使)振动→ ____________n.震动;颤动;抖动
5. ____________vt.给……命名(或题名);使享有权利→ ____________n. 头衔;标题;资格
iconic
icon
political
politically
politics
politician
located
locate
location
ibrate
vibration
entitle
title
6. ____________n.自由;不受……影响的状态→ ____________adj.自由的;无约束的 vt.释放;使摆脱
7. ____________n.分布;分配;分发→ ____________vt.分发;分配;散布;使分布
8. ____________adj.暂时的;短暂的→ ____________adv.暂时地;临时地
9. ____________vt.批准;许可 n.(=licence) 许可证;执照→ ____________adj. 得到正式许可的
10. ____________n.发生率;重复率;(声波或电磁波振动的)频率→ ____________adj.频繁的;经常的→ ____________adv.频繁地;经常地
freedom
free
distribution
distribute
temporary
temporarily
license
licensed
frequency
frequent
frequently
11. ____________adj.暴力的;猛烈的→ ____________n.暴力;暴行
→ ____________adv.粗暴地;强烈地
12. ____________n.生理;生物学→ ____________n.生物学家
13.____________ n.监狱;监禁→ ____________n.囚犯;犯人;俘虏
violent
violence
violently
biology
biologist
prison
prisoner
【语境活用】使用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.Generally speaking, journalists are supposed to be (political) neutral.
2.Unfortunately, the (violence) blow sent him down on his knees.
3.The Red Cross organised the (distribute) of food and clothing in the disaster area.
4.Jennifer Debruyn, a (biology) at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene(聚乙烯).
politically
violent
distribution
biologist
5.Accidents on that highway are happening with increasing
(frequent).
6.Nowadays everybody has the (free) to pursue their dreams.
7.In this case, these sounds are brought to you by (vibrate) air.
8.We will be (entitle) to our pension when we reach 65.
9.The region is valued for its coal and vast electricity-generating
(capable).
10.It is inspiring that the company cares much about (sponsor) the orphan.
frequency
freedom
vibrating
entitled
capacity
sponsoring
高频短语串记
◎单元短语再现
an approach to;peak season;a flock of;a handful of;be native to;feel at home;make an attempt to do;a sense of;in comparison to/with;in conflict with
【语境活用】选用前面短语的适当形式填空
1.In the forest, we came upon pheasants(雉鸟).
2.Such water would not the moon, but instead delivered there over time by comet impacts(彗星撞击).
a flock of
be native to
3.With luck the coming year when Shanghai hosts World Expo 2010—an occasion runs the publicity for the world to in China—may begin to change.
4.In the short term, we may have to take some temporary policies that
are long-term objectives.
5.He had a poor direction and soon got lost.
6.This article presents designing a system of engagement ecosystem.
feel at home
in conflict with
sense of
an approach to
7.She said the government should deal with carbon emission.
8.The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting_____________________ how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt.
make an attempt to
in comparison with
重点句型仿写
背原句 明句型 巧仿写
I can’t wait to see all of them!
我都等不及要见到他们了! can’t wait to do sth.意为“迫不及待做某事” I _______________________
what I have achieved in this season.
我迫不及待给你们看我这个赛季的成绩了。
can’t wait to show you
背原句 明句型 巧仿写
The influence of Asian cultures, on the other hand, led to the introduction of bean curd and Asian herbs, along with Australian versions of foods like the Chinese-inspired dim sum.
另一方面,受亚洲文化的影响,除了灵感源自中国的点心等澳大利亚版的食物以外,还引入了豆腐和(用于调味的)亚洲药草。 along with…意为“与……一起;和”,连接两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式与前面的名词或代词保持一致 2.Michael Jordan, along with his teammates ____________a record in NBA.
迈克尔·乔丹和他的队友一起创造了NBA的记录。
has set
背原句 明句型 巧仿写
Most of their musical instruments are really just sticks found on the ground, among which there is an amazing instrument called didgeridoo.
他们绝大多数的乐器其实就是地上找到的树枝, 其中就有一种令人惊叹的、叫作迪吉里杜管的乐器。 “介词among+which”引导非限制性定语从句,修饰前面的先行词musical instruments 3.The little boy is reading a book,
_____________________a number of cartoons.
小男孩正在读一本书,书里有大量的卡通。
in which there are
背原句 明句型 巧仿写
Personally speaking, what I like most about Australia is the people themselves.
我个人觉得,关于澳大利亚我最喜欢的是澳大利亚人。 what 引导主语从句 4._______________________ was that he did set a good example for us.
使我印象最深的是他确实为我们树立了一个好榜样。
What impressed me most
★考点多维突破
词汇精磨
1.foundation n.创建;基础;地基
【先精练】单句语法填空
(1)He laid the (found) of his success by study and hard work.
(2)We are a national network of community (foundation), bringing together people and organisations that want to improve their communities.
【答案】(1)foundation (2)foundations
【再精写】微写作
(3)楼越高,地基就应该打得越深。
The higher the building is, .
(4)这个谣言是完全没有根据的。
The rumour was completely .
【答案】(3)the deeper the foundation should be laid (4)withoutfoundation
【归纳拓展】
(1)lay the foundation打基础;打地基
a solid foundation坚实的基础
economic foundation经济基础
without foundation 无根据的
without foundation or support
无依无靠
(2)found vt.创立;建立
2.dive vi.&n.潜水;跳水;俯冲
【先精练】单句语法填空
(1)They challenged me to jump from the high (dive) board.
(2)Tommy (dive) from the bridge to rescue the drowning child.
(3)Tu Youyou was occupied in (dive) into study of medicine with no time and energy to take care of her daughters.
【答案】(1)diving (2)dived (3)diving
【再精写】微写作
(4)说实话,我们都被这位潜入湖水深处去救小男孩的男士感动了。
To be honest, we were all moved by the man who the lake to save the boy.
(5)这名志愿者带着很大的热情迅速投入到新任务中。
The volunteer with great enthusiasm.
【答案】(4)dived deep into (5)dived into his new task
【归纳拓展】
(1)dive from/off…into…
从……跳入……中
go diving去潜水
dive into… 潜入……;深入到……
make a dive 潜水/跳水
(2)diver n.潜水者;跳水运动员
3.freedom n.自由;不受……影响的状态
【先精练】单句语法填空
(1)Two men separated by 100 years are united in their search for
(free).
(2)The young man gives his spare time (free) to help the weak and sick old people.
(3)Miss Meng succeeded in (free) herself of unfair accusation with the efforts of our government.
【答案】(1)freedom (2)freely (3)freeing
【再精写】微写作
(4)他允许我随便使用他所搜集的极有价值的科学书籍。
He gave me his valuable collection of scientific books.
(5)我希望过一种完全没有烦恼忧虑的生活。
I wish to live a life entirely trouble.
【答案】(4)free access to (5)free from
【归纳拓展】
(1)freedom of speech言论自由
have the freedom to do sth.
有做某事的自由
fight for freedom为自由而战
(2)free adj.自由的;无约束的;空闲的;免费的 v.释放;使摆脱
be free to do sth.自由做某事
for free免费
free of charge免费的
free from不受……影响的;没有……的
be free of… 无……的;摆脱了……的
set…free 使获得自由;释放
4.sponsor vt.倡议;赞助;主办
n.(法案等的)倡议者;赞助者
【先精练】单句语法填空
(1) (sponsor) the local team is good for public relations.
(2)It is a pity that he doesn’t have enough money (sponsor) the project.
【答案】(1)Sponsoring (2)to sponsor
【再精写】微写作
(3)我们的赞助商们通过各种基金模式支持我们的工作。
through a variety of funding models.
【答案】(3)Our sponsors support our work
【归纳拓展】
sponsor a meeting主办会议
sponsor a show赞助表演
act as a sponsor for… 担任……的主办方
5.distribution n.分布;分配;分发
【先精练】单句语法填空
(1)Many (distribute) make it easy to install a basic selection of development tools.
(2)Clothes and blankets have (distribute) among the refugees.
【答案】(1)distributions (2)been distributed
【再精写】微写作
(3)大会讨论了收入与财富的公平分配。
The conference discussed income and wealth.
【答案】(3)the fair distribution of
(1)distribution center 配送中心 distribution system分配制度 (2)distribute vt. 分配;散布 distribute sth.to… 把某物分配/发/给…… distribute sth.among… 把某物分配/发/给……
【归纳拓展】
6.violent adj. 暴力的;猛烈的
【先精练】单句语法填空
(1)It is time to put an end to domestic (violent).
(2)During the speech, I felt my heart beat (violent).
(3)Let the storm come (violent) than others.
【答案】(1)violence (2)violently (3)more violently
【再精写】微写作
(4)剧烈的爆炸好像要把整个地面都掀起来。
seemed to jolt the whole ground.
【答案】(4)A violent explosion
【归纳拓展】
(1)violent crime暴力犯罪
violent reaction 激烈反应
violent storm暴风骤雨
violent headache剧烈的头痛
(2)violently adv.暴力地;猛烈地
(3)violence n.暴力;暴行
7.capacity n. 能力;容量
【先精练】单句语法填空
(1)This cupboard made by my father is very large capacity.
(2)Schools are dedicated to developing students’ capacity
(reason).
【答案】(1)of (2)to reason
【再精写】微写作
(3)气候改变影响大部分的重要的粮食作物,解释了社会适应改变的多样
能力。
Climate change affects most important crops, accounting for societies’
to adapt to changes.
【答案】(3)varying capacities
【归纳拓展】
of large capacity大容量
seating capacity座位容量
a natural capacity天生能力
the capacity to do… 做……的能力
句型精讲
1.(教材P14)The influence of Asian cultures, on the other hand, led to the introduction of bean curd and Asian herbs, along with Australian versions of foods like the Chinese-inspired dim sum.
另一方面,受亚洲文化的影响,除了灵感源自中国的点心等澳大利亚版的食物以外,还引入了豆腐和(用于调味的)亚洲药草。
【先精练】单句语法填空
(1)She, along hundreds of others, lost her job when the factory closed.
(2)Jim, along with his classmates, (see) the film recently.
(3)Two students, along with their maths teacher, (be) present at the classroom.
【答案】(1)with (2)has seen (3)are
【再精写】微写作
(4)(2020·全国高考卷Ⅰ)餐馆在菜单上能提供音乐和各种食物选择,让顾客在用餐之地有更多的对氛围的掌控。
Restaurants can offer a choice of music_____________________________ on the menu, allowing customers more control over the atmosphere in which they are dining.
【答案】(4)along with the various food choices
【句法分析】
语法现象 along with 连同;以及;和……一起;除……以外(还)
结构特点 使用的是“就远”原则, 连接前后两个主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式应和前面的那个主语保持一致
使用“就
远”原则
的短语 but, except, besides, including, with, as well as, no less than, along with, in addition to, rather than, together with等
2.(教材P15)Personally speaking, what I like most about Australia is the people themselves.
我个人觉得,关于澳大利亚我最喜欢的是澳大利亚人。
【先精练】单句语法填空
(1)She is no longer she used to be.
(2)They have done they could do to help the senior.
(3)After seemed like a long time, I opened my eyes and found myself in hospital!
【答案】(1)what (2)what (3)what
【再精写】微写作
(4)我最感动的是他们面对失败从来没有灰心。
was that they never lost heart in face of failure.
【答案】(4)What moved me most
【句法分析】
语法现象 名词性从句连接词what用法
常考点 what引导名词性从句中的主语从句、表语从句或宾语从句,在从句中作主语、表语或宾语,指事物。
※真题长难句精讲精析
(2021·北京卷)I got a seat opposite a middle-aged man with sharp eyes, who kept watching a young woman in a window seat with a little boy on her lap.
[句式解构]本句为主从复合句, who引导 从句,修饰 “a middle-aged man”;with引导的是“with+名词+介词短语”的with复合结构,作“a young woman in a window seat”的 。
[句意翻译]
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
非限制性定语
先行词
伴随状语
我坐在一个带着锋利眼神的中年男性对面的一个座位上。他一直看着靠窗座位的腿上坐着个小男孩的年轻女士。
★能力优化集训
课本回放
◎语境填词
foundation;straightforward;joint;dive;capacity;make an attempt;along with;sponsor
It is known to all that Chinese 1. Quan Hongchan won gold in the women’s 10m platform at the Tokyo Olympics. The young girl aged fourteen made headlines suddenly. Obviously, it is years of hard training and 2. efforts of her team that laid a solid 3. of her extraordinary diving 4. ,
diver
joint
foundation
capacity
which attracted so many 5. in favour of this young champion. When asked what she would do with her bonus, she said she would treat her mother’s disease with it in her 6. voice. What moves us is that she has been 7. to help her family. A few days ago, to their delight, Quan Hongchan 8. other Olympic champions received gorgeous cars from a famous domestic auto company.
sponsors
straightforward
making an attempt
along with
技能提升
【语境辨义】根据语境写出黑体词的词性及含义
1.As is known, Singapore is situated next to the equator.
2.A smell of bread drifted from some distant bakery.
3.A scientist without imagination is a butcher with dull knives and out-worn scales.
4.As air passes over our vocal cords, it makes them vibrate.
n. 赤道
n. 面包店
n. 屠夫
v. 振动
5.One of his most famous campaign slogans was “education, education, education”.
6.As soon as the two chicks hatch, they leave the nest.
7.It was the great man’s destiny to lead his country to liberty.
8.The seaside resort is a popular getaway for people from nearby cities. __
n. 口号
v. 孵出
n. 自由
n. 适合度假的地方
写作空间
◎佳句回眸
1.(2020·江苏卷)很多课程可以从网上找到,学生可以从中免费选择。(“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句)
Many lessons are now available online, .
【答案】from which students can choose for free
2.(2020·天津卷)这个学生完成了该实验,使约瑟夫(Joseph)教授所说的话成为现实。(what)
The student completed this experiment to make come true .
【答案】what Professor Joseph had said
3.出差一个月回来,她迫不及待地抱抱她三个月大的女儿。(can’t wait to)
Having been away on business for a month, she hold her three-month-old baby in her warm arms.
【答案】can’t wait to
4.艾玛出生于国际鹤类基金会,由人类饲养员抚养长大。(foundation)
Born , Emma was raised by human caretakers.
【答案】at an International Crane Foundation
5.我看到船上有两名教员,一名男子横卧在中间,他在剧烈地颤抖着。(violent)
I saw there were two instructors on board and a man lying across the middle. He .
【答案】was shaking violently
◎短文写作
根据汉语提示并运用本单元的词汇和语法写一篇短文
随着一年一度的国庆节的来临,我们全家决定去丽江旅行,丽江位于云南西南部。据说这个景点在旺季是红极一时的地方,所以我们很渴望去探索一下这个梦想之地。我们印象最深的是它的高山和泸沽湖。偶尔我们能看到一群鸟自由飞翔在湖水上空。夜间,我们家和其他家庭享受当地盛大的烧烤活动。令人难以置信的是,当地的美食如此有特色和美味。除此之外,景点分布天然和谐,使我们的这次旅行丰富多彩,还很欢乐。
【答案】One possible version:
With the yearly National Holiday approaching, my family decided to travel to Lijiang, located in the southwest part of Yunnan. It is said that the tourist destination is a hit during peak season, so we were eager to explore this dreamland. What impresses us most are its high mountains and Lugu Lake. On occasion we would see a flock of birds flying over the lake freely. At night, my family along with other families enjoyed local grand barbecue activities. Unbelievably, the taste of the local food is so special as well as tasty. Besides, the scenic spots are distributed naturally and harmoniously, which makes our journey colourful and delightful.(共60张PPT)
选择性必修 第四册
UNIT 3 SEA EXPLORATION
★每日早晚必背
单元话题写作
(山西省晋城市2022年高三第二次模拟考试)假定你是李华,你的留学生朋友Peter想给家人买一些具有中国特色的礼物,特发邮件向你征求建议。请你回复一封邮件。内容包括:
1.推荐礼物(至少两种);
2.说明理由。
丰富的句式结构
1.Undoubtedly, Bing Dwen Dwen, the mascot of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games, is a must.(同位语对名词进一步解释并说明其具体内容)
2.Featuring cute appearance, this mascot shaped like a panda has enjoyed an increasing popularity at home and abroad.(现在分词短语作状语)
3.Besides, you shouldn’t miss Chinese knots, which carry the meaning of “to unite” and can be used for decoration.(which引导非限制性定语从句)
佳文背诵
Dear Peter,
Learning that you want to buy some gifts with Chinese characteristics for your family, I’m willing to offer some advice.
Undoubtedly, Bing Dwen Dwen, the mascot of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games, is a must. Featuring cute appearance, this mascot shaped like a panda has enjoyed an increasing popularity at home and abroad. Besides, you shouldn’t miss Chinese knots, which carry the meaning of “to unite” and can be used for decoration. In addition, Beijing Opera masks, which can arouse people’s interest in Beijing Opera, are also a great choice.
I hope my suggestions are helpful to you. If you want me to accompany you to select and buy these gifts, please write to me.
Yours,
Li Hua
★课前语基夯实
高频重点词汇
◎核心词汇 会运用
1. vt. 扩展;使伸长;延长
2. vt. 商定;达成(协议)
vi.谈判;磋商;协商
3. vi.&vt. (使)撤回;撤离
4. n. 纽带;关系
vt.&vi.增强信任关系;使牢固结合
extend
negotiate
withdraw
bond
5. n. 职业;行业
6. n. 混合;结合体;混合物
7. n. 新闻报道;覆盖范围
8. vt.&vi. 鼓掌 vt.称赞;赞赏
9. n. 胶囊;太空舱
10. vt. 谋杀;凶杀;毁坏 n.谋杀;凶杀
11. n. 仁慈;宽恕;恩惠
12. n. 个人财产;拥有;控制
13. n. 逮捕;拘留;中止
vt.逮捕;拘留;阻止
profession
mixture
coverage
applaud
capsule
murder
mercy
possession
arrest
【语境活用】根据汉语意思填写单词
1.We’ve decided to____________ (谈判) with the employers about our wage issue.
2.Our playing fields____________ (扩展) as far as those trees.
3.(2020·全国高考卷Ⅰ)The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our____________(关系) with the work is based on our present mental register.
4.Mr.Smith is a leading member of the medical ____________(行业).
5.Suddenly, I found myself controlled by a____________ (混合) of excitement and fear.
negotiate
extend
bond
profession
mixture
6.A more complete____________ (覆盖) of Halloween customs can be found at Halloween traditions.
7.The audience rose to ____________(鼓掌) the speaker at the end of this inspiring speech.
8.A Russian space ____________(太空舱) is currently orbiting the Earth.
9.The kind commander showed ____________(宽恕) to the prisoners of war.
10.I tried to comfort him after he was defeated by his ____________(对手).
coverage
applaud
capsule
mercy
opponent
◎拓展词汇 能提升
1.____________ vt. 扩展;使伸长;延长→____________ n.延伸;扩大;延长期→____________ adj.广阔的;大规模的;广泛的
2.____________ vt. 商定;达成(协议) vi.谈判;磋商;协商→____________ n.谈判;协商→____________ n. 谈判代表;协商者
3.____________ vi.&vt. (使)撤回;撤离→____________ n. 撤走;收回
4.____________ n. 政治;政治观点→____________ adj. 政治的;政府的→____________ adv. 政治上→____________ n.政治家;政客
extend
extension
extensive
negotiate
negotiation
negotiator
withdraw
withdrawal
politics
political
politically
politician
5.____________ n.职业;行业→____________ adj.职业的;专业的n.专业人士;职业选手→____________ n.教授
6.____________ n.混合;结合体;混合物→____________ vi.&vt.(使)混合;(使)掺和;(使)融合→____________ adj.混合的;混杂的
7.____________ n.新闻报道;覆盖范围→____________ vt.覆盖;报道;涉及 n.封面
8.____________ vt.&vi. 鼓掌 vt. 称赞;赞赏→____________ n. 鼓掌;掌声;喝彩
9. ____________ n.迁移;迁徙;移居→____________v.迁移;迁徙→____________ n.移居者;移民
profession
professional
professor
mixture
mix
mixed
coverage
cover
applaud
applause
migration;
migrate
migrant
10.___________ vt.开发;利用;剥削→___________ n.开采;开发;利用;剥夺
11.___________ vt.谋杀;凶杀;毁坏 n.谋杀;凶杀→___________ n.谋杀犯
12.____________ n.仁慈;宽恕;恩惠→____________ adj.仁慈的;宽大的→____________ adj.无情的;残忍的
13.____________ n.[usually pl.]个人财产;拥有;控制→____________ vt.拥有;占有;具有
14. ____________ n.反对者;对手;竞争者→____________ vt.反对;抵制→____________ adj.反对的;截然不同的
exploit
exploitation
murder
murderer
mercy
merciful
merciless
possession
possess
opponent
oppose
opposed
【语境活用】使用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.We had hoped for the (extend) of the deadline to the end of the week.
2.He is the last man I want (negotiate) with.
3.Government subsidies(补贴) and tariffs (关税) on farm products have long been (political) controversial.
4.The tournament is open to amateurs as well as ____________________ (professional).
extension
to negotiate
politically
professionals
5.The talk was conducted in a (mix) of English, Russian and French.
6.It refers to something that is (mercy) makes you feel grateful and lucky because it prevents or ends something bad.
7.They are willing to give up their entire (possess).
8.He remained strongly (oppose) to the idea of moving abroad.
9.The audience broke into thunderous (applaud) at the end of the lecture.
10.When (migrant) arrive in the country, they face a world that can be confusing in many ways.
migrants
applause
opposed
possessions
merciful
mixture
高频短语串记
◎单元短语再现
set sail;in a league of one’s own;withdraw from;in hand;press conference; reach out;find one’s way;under the command of;for the benefit of;be related to
【语境活用】选用前面短语的适当形式填空
1.With the introduction of the Internet, we can to our friends by email.
2.Companies were run sustainably management and employees.
reach out
for the benefit of
3.The theme of the dialogue should the theme of the reading passage.
4.Don’t bother to meet me at the station. I’m sure I’ll be able to
to your house.
5.The employees are working the employer at the moment.
6.A bird is worth two in the bush.
7.He had the good sense to the election contest.
8.A thousand boats on a long stretch of the river.
be related to
find my way
under the command of
in hand
withdraw from
set sail
重点句型仿写
背原句 明句型 巧仿写
Here, merchants from China and many other places met to negotiate trade deals, which also led to more awareness of each other’s cultures.
在这里,来自中国和其他许多地方的商人聚在一起谈判贸易协议,这也让人们对彼此的文化有了更多的了解。 which引导的非限制性定语从句 1.She heard a terrible noise, ________________________
into her mouth.
她听到可怕的声音,这让她把心都提到嗓子眼了。
which brought her heart
背原句 明句型 巧仿写
Although China withdrew from further expeditions after 1433, these land and sea routes remained active channels between other cultures for centuries.
尽管中国在1433年之后退出了进一步的远征,但这些陆海通道在几个世纪里仍然是其他文化之间活跃的通道。 although引导的状语从句,不能和but连用 2.He insisted on doing it _______________________________.
虽然我警告他不要做,但是他坚持做。
although I warned him not to
背原句 明句型 巧仿写
In recent years, China has joined other nations on several expeditions to explore the Arctic.
近年来,中国与其他国家一起进行了几次北极探险。 时间状语为“in recent years”时,
句子的时态用现在完成时 3.Regulators________________________ in recent years.
近些年来,监管机构采取过类似的举措。
have made similar moves
背原句 明句型 巧仿写
But if we burn these, the ice will melt more and this negative cycle will continue.
但如果我们烧掉这些,冰就会融化更多,这样的恶性循环就会继续下去。 if引导的条件句,时态上遵循“主将从现” 4.You____________________________ if you study hard.
如果你努力学习,就会取得好成绩。
will get good grades
★考点多维突破
词汇精磨
1.mixture n.混合;结合体;混合物
【先精练】单句语法填空
(1)She put the sugar into the coffee and (mix) them up with a spoon.
(2)Both of the land is surrounded by a (mix) of farmland and forest.
(3)But not everyone is happy about (mix) high art and fastfood.
【答案】(1)mixed (2)mixture (3)mixing
【再精写】微写作
(4)我们不断进行实验,直至将所需颜色调配成功。
We continually experimented until .
【答案】(4)we succeeded in mixing the right colour
【归纳拓展】
(1)a mixture of… ……的混合
a mixture of fear and excitement
既兴奋又恐惧
(2)mix vt.&vi.混合;调配
mix with… 与……混合/融合
mix A and/with B 把A和B混合/融合
mix up 混淆;弄乱;使糊涂
(3)mixed adj.混合的;混杂的
mixed feelings复杂的情感
2.applaud vt.&vi.鼓掌 vt.称赞;赞赏
【先精练】单句语法填空
(1)The audience at the stadium suddenly leaped to their feet and began
(applaud).
(2)After what seemed like a hundred years, I found my listeners
(applaud) loudly.
(3)There was a great round of (applaud) when the dance ended.
【答案】(1)to applaud (2)applauding (3)applause
【再精写】微写作
(4)他的演讲赢得了听众的掌声。
His speech .
(5)咱们为下一个表演者热烈鼓掌吧。
Let’s have the next performer.
【答案】(4)won the applause of the audience
(5)a big/good round of applause for
【归纳拓展】
(1)applaud loudly/warmly热烈鼓掌
applaud sb.for sth. 赞赏某人某事
applaud sb.for having courage
赞赏某人有勇气
(2)applause n. 鼓掌;喝彩
a big round of applause 热烈鼓掌
break/burst into thunderous applause
爆发出雷鸣般的掌声
【名师点击】
(1)applaud sb.for sth.表示“赞赏某人某事”,还可以写为praise sb.for sth.
(2)和applaud变名词一样的单词还有:respond(response)和defend (defence/defense)。
3.mercy n. 仁慈;宽恕;恩惠
【先精练】单句语法填空
(1)The (mercy) king saved the young officers from death.
(2)Give us the strength to show mercy those who are merciless.
(3)I have mercy you, but I can’t help you this time.
【答案】(1)merciful (2)to (3)on
【再精写】微写作
(4)南非的农民更容易受到大自然的摆布。
Farmers in South Africa are more .
(5)这位国王毫不留情地把他的意志强加于人民。
The King would work his will on the people .
【答案】(4)at the mercy of nature
(5)without mercy
【归纳拓展】
(1)have mercy on… 对……怜悯
show mercy to… 对……怜悯
at the mercy of…
在……的支配下;任由……摆布
without mercy毫不留情
out of mercy出于怜悯
(2)merciful adj. 怜悯的;仁慈的;宽大的
merciless adj. 无情的;残忍的
be merciful/merciless to…
对……有/没有怜悯心
4.possession n.个人财产;拥有;控制
【先精练】单句语法填空
(1)In many states, it is illegal for anyone to be in (possess) of fireworks, regardless of age.
(2)Success cannot be measured by (possess) you have made in life.
(3)He is (possess) of the most brilliant talents.
【答案】(1)possession (2)possessions (3)possessed
【再精写】微写作
(4)拥有良好的时间管理技巧的学生更可能在大学有好的表现。
Students are more likely to perform well in universities.
(5)现代建筑好像有地域特色。
It seems that the modern architecture regional features.
【答案】(4)in possession of good time-management skills (5)is possessed of
【归纳拓展】
(1)personal possessions个人财产
get/take/gain/have possession of 拥有;占有
be in possession of占有;拥有;持有
be in the possession of=be in sb’s possession 为某人所有;在某人的控制下
(2)possess v. 拥有
be possessed of具有(某品质、能力等)
be possessed of good health 身体健康
be possessed of a sense of humor 有幽默感
【名师点击】
(1)in possession of意为“拥有……;占有……”,主语通常为表示人的词语;in the possession of意为“为某人所有”,主语通常为表示物的词语。
Jenny is in possession of the house.
=The house is in the possession of Jenny.
珍妮拥有这所房子。
(2)和上面类似用法的有 in charge of和in the charge of。
This class is in the charge of Mr.Wang
=Mr.Wang is in charge of this class.
王老师负责这个班。
5.log vt.把……载入正式记录;记录
n. 正式记录;日志;原木
【先精练】单句语法填空
(1)Customers pay to log and chat with other users.
(2) (log) companies would have to leave a central area of the forest before the end of the year.
(3)I regret to tell you that the system is unable (log) you on.
【答案】(1)on (2)Logging (3)to log
【再精写】微写作
(4)当员工登录自己的电脑时,他们会看到某位同事的照片并要求他们猜出名字。
When employees to their computers, they’re shown a picture of one of their coworkers and asked to guess that person’s name.
(5)另一方面,各种法律法规需要公司保留日志。
On the other hand, various laws and regulations require businesses to .
【答案】(4)log in/on (5)keep logs
【归纳拓展】
(1)log in/on登录;进入(计算机系统)
log out/off注销;退出(计算机系统)
(2)keep a log记日记(尤指航海/飞行日记)
(3)logging company伐木公司
【名师点击】
表示“记日记”的短语有:keep a log;keep a diary;keep a journal。
6.arrest n.逮捕;拘留;中止
vt.逮捕;拘留;阻止
【先精练】单句语法填空
(1)The man aged twenty has been arrest for a year.
(2)To our amazement, the girl (arrest) for drug-related offences.
(3)They failed (arrest) the company’s decline.
【答案】(1)under (2)was arrested
(3)to arrest
【再精写】微写作
(4)刚才明亮的灯光吸引了婴儿的注意力。
The bright lights just now.
【答案】(4)arrested the baby’s attention
【归纳拓展】
(1)arrest sb.for sth.因某事逮捕某人
get arrested被捕
arrest one’s attention
吸引某人的注意力
(2)be under arrest被逮捕
place/put sb.under arrest逮捕某人
【名师点击】
除了arrest one’s attention表示“吸引某人的注意力”外,下面这些短语也有同样的意思:attract one’s attention/draw one’s attention/catch one’s attention/catch one’s eyes
7.withdraw from退出;撤回
【先精练】单句语法填空
(1)They will face a risk of being requested to withdraw school.
(2)The government (withdraw) worn out money from use.
(3)He has decided (withdraw) from the competition.
【答案】(1)from (2)withdraws (3)to withdraw
【再精写】微写作
(4)我想从我的银行账户里取出一些零用钱。
I feel like from my bank account.
【答案】(4)withdrawing some pocket money
【归纳拓展】
(1)withdraw from school退学
withdraw cash取现金
(2)动词变名词
withdraw→withdrawal n. 撤退;收回;提款;取消;退股
arrive→arrival n. 到来;到达
survive→survival n. 幸存;残存;幸存者;残存物
approve→approval n. 批准;认可;赞成
propose→proposal n. 提议;建议;求婚
句型精讲
1.(教材P26)Here, merchants from China and many other places met to negotiate trade deals, which also led to more awareness of each other’s cultures.
在这里,来自中国和其他许多地方的商人聚在一起谈判贸易协议,这也让人们对彼此的文化有了更多的了解。
【先精练】单句语法填空
(1)(2021·北京卷)Then, an OIC representative gave us some details,
somewhat interested me.
(2)There is a great deal of oxygen around us, without we cannot live.
(3)After graduation, I decided to stay in Chongqing, I spent my childhood.
【答案】(1)which (2)which (3)where
【再精写】微写作
(4)这位老人渴望养一只宠物,这样能够陪伴着她。
The old lady was eager to keep a pet, .
【答案】(4)which could keep her company
【句法分析】
语法现象 非限制性定语从句
结构特点 从句与主句之间有逗号隔开,独立存在,起补充说明的作用
句式演变 关系词不能由that引导, “介词+关系代词”、关系副词均可以引导非限制性定语从句
2.(教材P27)In recent years, China has joined other nations on several expeditions to explore the Arctic.
近年来,中国与其他国家一起进行了几次北极探险。
【先精练】单句语法填空
(1)Over the past 40 years, however, it (become) a ghostly desert.
(2)(2021·浙江卷) Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield, Illinois,
(prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public.
【答案】(1)has become (2)has proved
【再精写】微写作
(3)我们的家乡不再是过去的样子;在过去的二十年里发生了很大的变化。
Our hometown is no longer what it used to be;
in the past twenty years.
【答案】(3)great changes have taken place
【句法分析】
语法现象 “in recent years”是现在完成时的标志性时间状语
特点 recently, over recent years 等是现在完成时的标志性时间状语
常考点 (1)现在完成时常用的时间状语为:in/during/over the past/last few+时间段;so far;up to now;till now;ever since;over the years等
(2)常用的句式还有:It/This/That is the first time that…;Sb./Sth. has/have done…since…;It has been…since…等
※真题长难句精讲精析
(2020·北京卷)Instead, I agree with
Oxford University philosopher Nick Bostrom, who believes that the heaviest risks from AGI do not come from a decision to turn against mankind but rather from a dogged pursuit of set objectives at the expense of everything else.
[句式解构]本句为who引导的 ,所修饰的Nick Bostrom为从句中的 ;定语从句中that引导的是 ,且此从句中有关联短语 。
[句意翻译] ________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
非限制性定语从句
先行词
宾语从句
not…but…
相反,我同意牛津大学哲学家尼克·波斯托姆的观点,他认为通用人工智能最大的风险不是来自于反对人类的决定,而是来自以牺牲其他一切为代价对既定目标的执着追求。
★能力优化集训
课本回放
◎语境填词
tale;politics;channel;bond;at the mercy of;maritime;log;set sail
Throughout our history, we have many 1. of marvels, among which I’d like to share the story of the great navigator Zheng He. There are altogether seven 2. affairs. In 1406, he along with his teammates including officers, soldiers and doctors 3.________________ from Suzhou,
tales
maritime
set sail
a south coastal city in our country in search of new 4. . During the navigation, they suffered a lot from violent storms. They continued sailing south with great determination 5. typhoons. At last, they got in touch with many countries, and built a number of 6. in economy, culture, as well as 7. with them, which was later8. in the history in memory of their great achievements.
channels
at the mercy of
bonds
politics
logged
技能提升
【语境辨义】根据语境写出黑体词的词性及含义
1.The capitalists exploit the workers in order to maximize profits.
2.He may even be elected without a serious opponent.
3.The other day the local schools formed a football league.
4.Many students have the intention of joining the legal profession.
vt.剥削
n. 对手
n. 社团
n. 行业
5.A group of children beheld a bright star shining in the sky.
6.All results are significant to the research on the population in migration process.
7.Soon, members of the royal family and other wealthy people took up motoring as a sport.
8.The flight will be announced soon. Meanwhile, please remain seated.
v. 看见
n. 迁移
adj. 皇室的
adv. 在此期间
写作空间
◎佳句回眸
1.(2020·北京卷)她的监测仪显示,接近地面的空气污染水平更高,这有助于突出婴儿和幼儿患肺部疾病的风险更高的担忧。(非限制性定语从句)
Her monitor has shown that air pollution levels are higher closer to ground level, that babies and young kids may be at higher risk of developing lung problems.
【答案】which has helped highlight concerns
2.(2021·北京卷)根据联合国的一份新报告,在过去20年里,极端天气事件的数量急剧增加,主要是由全球气温上升引起的。(there be)
There in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years,caused largely by rising global temperatures,according to a new report from the United Nations.
【答案】has been a dramatic rise
3.微利时代的到来,以量和价格取胜的竞争优势将逐步退出舞台。(withdraw from)
With the arrival of low profit era, the quantity and price to win the competitive advantage the stage.
【答案】will gradually withdraw from
4.警察为这位女士付了食物的钱,也没有逮捕她,这使得保安很惊讶。(arrest)
The police paid the food for the woman, and , which surprised the guard.
【答案】didn’t arrest her
5.原始文件被第三方占有。(possession)
The original document is a third party.
【答案】in the possession of
◎短文写作
根据汉语提示并运用本单元的词汇和语法写一篇短文
两个月前,我们学校与我们城市的其他中学联合举行了一场篮球锦标赛。有我们引以为傲的许多不同等级的专业球员参与了这次比赛。本次比赛的目的就是与擅长打篮球的人们建立牢固的联系,而不仅仅是打败对手。毕竟,友谊第一,比赛第二。由于某种原因,有两名球员退出比赛。然而,我们的队员仍然对赢得比赛充满自信。当我们投进最后一球时,热烈的掌声响起。通过这次比赛,我们除了收获了友谊,还收获了更多的经验。
【答案】One possible version:
Two months ago, our school held a basketball tournament in association with other middle schools in our city. There are a number of professional players of different leagues, whom we are taking pride in. The aim of this event was to build a solid bond with those who are good at playing basketball rather than simply defeat the opponents. After all, friendship rather than competition comes first. For some reason, there were two players withdrawing from this game. However, our team members were still so confident of winning the game. At last, a big applause came when we had scored the last ball. Through this event, we had gained more experience besides friendship.(共60张PPT)
选择性必修 第四册
UNIT 3 SEA EXPLORATION
★每日早晚必背
单元话题写作
(山西省晋城市2022年高三第二次模拟考试)假定你是李华,你的留学生朋友Peter想给家人买一些具有中国特色的礼物,特发邮件向你征求建议。请你回复一封邮件。内容包括:
1.推荐礼物(至少两种);
2.说明理由。
丰富的句式结构
1.Undoubtedly, Bing Dwen Dwen, the mascot of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games, is a must.(同位语对名词进一步解释并说明其具体内容)
2.Featuring cute appearance, this mascot shaped like a panda has enjoyed an increasing popularity at home and abroad.(现在分词短语作状语)
3.Besides, you shouldn’t miss Chinese knots, which carry the meaning of “to unite” and can be used for decoration.(which引导非限制性定语从句)
佳文背诵
Dear Peter,
Learning that you want to buy some gifts with Chinese characteristics for your family, I’m willing to offer some advice.
Undoubtedly, Bing Dwen Dwen, the mascot of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games, is a must. Featuring cute appearance, this mascot shaped like a panda has enjoyed an increasing popularity at home and abroad. Besides, you shouldn’t miss Chinese knots, which carry the meaning of “to unite” and can be used for decoration. In addition, Beijing Opera masks, which can arouse people’s interest in Beijing Opera, are also a great choice.
I hope my suggestions are helpful to you. If you want me to accompany you to select and buy these gifts, please write to me.
Yours,
Li Hua
★课前语基夯实
高频重点词汇
◎核心词汇 会运用
1. vt. 扩展;使伸长;延长
2. vt. 商定;达成(协议)
vi.谈判;磋商;协商
3. vi.&vt. (使)撤回;撤离
4. n. 纽带;关系
vt.&vi.增强信任关系;使牢固结合
extend
negotiate
withdraw
bond
5. n. 职业;行业
6. n. 混合;结合体;混合物
7. n. 新闻报道;覆盖范围
8. vt.&vi. 鼓掌 vt.称赞;赞赏
9. n. 胶囊;太空舱
10. vt. 谋杀;凶杀;毁坏 n.谋杀;凶杀
11. n. 仁慈;宽恕;恩惠
12. n. 个人财产;拥有;控制
13. n. 逮捕;拘留;中止
vt.逮捕;拘留;阻止
profession
mixture
coverage
applaud
capsule
murder
mercy
possession
arrest
【语境活用】根据汉语意思填写单词
1.We’ve decided to____________ (谈判) with the employers about our wage issue.
2.Our playing fields____________ (扩展) as far as those trees.
3.(2020·全国高考卷Ⅰ)The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our____________(关系) with the work is based on our present mental register.
4.Mr.Smith is a leading member of the medical ____________(行业).
5.Suddenly, I found myself controlled by a____________ (混合) of excitement and fear.
negotiate
extend
bond
profession
mixture
6.A more complete____________ (覆盖) of Halloween customs can be found at Halloween traditions.
7.The audience rose to ____________(鼓掌) the speaker at the end of this inspiring speech.
8.A Russian space ____________(太空舱) is currently orbiting the Earth.
9.The kind commander showed ____________(宽恕) to the prisoners of war.
10.I tried to comfort him after he was defeated by his ____________(对手).
coverage
applaud
capsule
mercy
opponent
◎拓展词汇 能提升
1.____________ vt. 扩展;使伸长;延长→____________ n.延伸;扩大;延长期→____________ adj.广阔的;大规模的;广泛的
2.____________ vt. 商定;达成(协议) vi.谈判;磋商;协商→____________ n.谈判;协商→____________ n. 谈判代表;协商者
3.____________ vi.&vt. (使)撤回;撤离→____________ n. 撤走;收回
4.____________ n. 政治;政治观点→____________ adj. 政治的;政府的→____________ adv. 政治上→____________ n.政治家;政客
extend
extension
extensive
negotiate
negotiation
negotiator
withdraw
withdrawal
politics
political
politically
politician
5.____________ n.职业;行业→____________ adj.职业的;专业的n.专业人士;职业选手→____________ n.教授
6.____________ n.混合;结合体;混合物→____________ vi.&vt.(使)混合;(使)掺和;(使)融合→____________ adj.混合的;混杂的
7.____________ n.新闻报道;覆盖范围→____________ vt.覆盖;报道;涉及 n.封面
8.____________ vt.&vi. 鼓掌 vt. 称赞;赞赏→____________ n. 鼓掌;掌声;喝彩
9. ____________ n.迁移;迁徙;移居→____________v.迁移;迁徙→____________ n.移居者;移民
profession
professional
professor
mixture
mix
mixed
coverage
cover
applaud
applause
migration;
migrate
migrant
10.___________ vt.开发;利用;剥削→___________ n.开采;开发;利用;剥夺
11.___________ vt.谋杀;凶杀;毁坏 n.谋杀;凶杀→___________ n.谋杀犯
12.____________ n.仁慈;宽恕;恩惠→____________ adj.仁慈的;宽大的→____________ adj.无情的;残忍的
13.____________ n.[usually pl.]个人财产;拥有;控制→____________ vt.拥有;占有;具有
14. ____________ n.反对者;对手;竞争者→____________ vt.反对;抵制→____________ adj.反对的;截然不同的
exploit
exploitation
murder
murderer
mercy
merciful
merciless
possession
possess
opponent
oppose
opposed
【语境活用】使用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.We had hoped for the (extend) of the deadline to the end of the week.
2.He is the last man I want (negotiate) with.
3.Government subsidies(补贴) and tariffs (关税) on farm products have long been (political) controversial.
4.The tournament is open to amateurs as well as ____________________ (professional).
extension
to negotiate
politically
professionals
5.The talk was conducted in a (mix) of English, Russian and French.
6.It refers to something that is (mercy) makes you feel grateful and lucky because it prevents or ends something bad.
7.They are willing to give up their entire (possess).
8.He remained strongly (oppose) to the idea of moving abroad.
9.The audience broke into thunderous (applaud) at the end of the lecture.
10.When (migrant) arrive in the country, they face a world that can be confusing in many ways.
mixture
merciful
possessions
opposed
applause
migrants
高频短语串记
◎单元短语再现
set sail;in a league of one’s own;withdraw from;in hand;press conference; reach out;find one’s way;under the command of;for the benefit of;be related to
【语境活用】选用前面短语的适当形式填空
1.With the introduction of the Internet, we can to our friends by email.
2.Companies were run sustainably management and employees.
reach out
for the benefit of
3.The theme of the dialogue should the theme of the reading passage.
4.Don’t bother to meet me at the station. I’m sure I’ll be able to
to your house.
5.The employees are working the employer at the moment.
6.A bird is worth two in the bush.
7.He had the good sense to the election contest.
8.A thousand boats on a long stretch of the river.
be related to
find my way
under the command of
in hand
withdraw from
set sail
重点句型仿写
背原句 明句型 巧仿写
Here, merchants from China and many other places met to negotiate trade deals, which also led to more awareness of each other’s cultures.
在这里,来自中国和其他许多地方的商人聚在一起谈判贸易协议,这也让人们对彼此的文化有了更多的了解。 which引导的非限制性定语从句 1.She heard a terrible noise, ________________________
into her mouth.
她听到可怕的声音,这让她把心都提到嗓子眼了。
which brought her heart
背原句 明句型 巧仿写
Although China withdrew from further expeditions after 1433, these land and sea routes remained active channels between other cultures for centuries.
尽管中国在1433年之后退出了进一步的远征,但这些陆海通道在几个世纪里仍然是其他文化之间活跃的通道。 although引导的状语从句,不能和but连用 2.He insisted on doing it ______________________.
虽然我警告他不要做,但是他坚持做。
although I warned him not to
背原句 明句型 巧仿写
In recent years, China has joined other nations on several expeditions to explore the Arctic.
近年来,中国与其他国家一起进行了几次北极探险。 时间状语为“in recent years”时,
句子的时态用现在完成时 3.Regulators________________________ in recent years.
近些年来,监管机构采取过类似的举措。
have made
similar moves
背原句 明句型 巧仿写
But if we burn these, the ice will melt more and this negative cycle will continue.
但如果我们烧掉这些,冰就会融化更多,这样的恶性循环就会继续下去。 if引导的条件句,时态上遵循“主将从现” 4.You_________________
if you study hard.
如果你努力学习,就会取得好成绩。
will get good grades
★考点多维突破
词汇精磨
1.mixture n.混合;结合体;混合物
【先精练】单句语法填空
(1)She put the sugar into the coffee and (mix) them up with a spoon.
(2)Both of the land is surrounded by a (mix) of farmland and forest.
(3)But not everyone is happy about (mix) high art and fastfood.
【答案】(1)mixed (2)mixture (3)mixing
【再精写】微写作
(4)我们不断进行实验,直至将所需颜色调配成功。
We continually experimented until .
【答案】(4)we succeeded in mixing the right colour
【归纳拓展】
(1)a mixture of… ……的混合
a mixture of fear and excitement
既兴奋又恐惧
(2)mix vt.&vi.混合;调配
mix with… 与……混合/融合
mix A and/with B 把A和B混合/融合
mix up 混淆;弄乱;使糊涂
(3)mixed adj.混合的;混杂的
mixed feelings复杂的情感
2.applaud vt.&vi.鼓掌 vt.称赞;赞赏
【先精练】单句语法填空
(1)The audience at the stadium suddenly leaped to their feet and began
(applaud).
(2)After what seemed like a hundred years, I found my listeners
(applaud) loudly.
(3)There was a great round of (applaud) when the dance ended.
【答案】(1)to applaud (2)applauding (3)applause
【再精写】微写作
(4)他的演讲赢得了听众的掌声。
His speech .
(5)咱们为下一个表演者热烈鼓掌吧。
Let’s have the next performer.
【答案】(4)won the applause of the audience (5)a big/good round of applause for
【归纳拓展】
(1)applaud loudly/warmly热烈鼓掌
applaud sb.for sth. 赞赏某人某事
applaud sb.for having courage
赞赏某人有勇气
(2)applause n. 鼓掌;喝彩
a big round of applause 热烈鼓掌
break/burst into thunderous applause
爆发出雷鸣般的掌声
【名师点击】
(1)applaud sb.for sth.表示“赞赏某人某事”,还可以写为praise sb.for sth.
(2)和applaud变名词一样的单词还有:respond(response)和defend (defence/defense)。
3.mercy n. 仁慈;宽恕;恩惠
【先精练】单句语法填空
(1)The (mercy) king saved the young officers from death.
(2)Give us the strength to show mercy those who are merciless.
(3)I have mercy you, but I can’t help you this time.
【答案】(1)merciful (2)to (3)on
【再精写】微写作
(4)南非的农民更容易受到大自然的摆布。
Farmers in South Africa are more .
(5)这位国王毫不留情地把他的意志强加于人民。
The King would work his will on the people .
【答案】(4)at the mercy of nature (5)without mercy
【归纳拓展】
(1)have mercy on… 对……怜悯
show mercy to… 对……怜悯
at the mercy of…
在……的支配下;任由……摆布
without mercy毫不留情
out of mercy出于怜悯
(2)merciful adj. 怜悯的;仁慈的;宽大的
merciless adj. 无情的;残忍的
be merciful/merciless to…
对……有/没有怜悯心
4.possession n.个人财产;拥有;控制
【先精练】单句语法填空
(1)In many states, it is illegal for anyone to be in (possess) of fireworks, regardless of age.
(2)Success cannot be measured by (possess) you have made in life.
(3)He is (possess) of the most brilliant talents.
【答案】(1)possession (2)possessions (3)possessed
【再精写】微写作
(4)拥有良好的时间管理技巧的学生更可能在大学有好的表现。
Students are more likely to perform well in universities.
(5)现代建筑好像有地域特色。
It seems that the modern architecture regional features.
【答案】(4)in possession of good time-management skills(5)is possessed of
【归纳拓展】
(1)personal possessions个人财产
get/take/gain/have possession of 拥有;占有
be in possession of占有;拥有;持有
be in the possession of=be in sb’s possession 为某人所有;在某人的控制下
(2)possess v. 拥有
be possessed of具有(某品质、能力等)
be possessed of good health 身体健康
be possessed of a sense of humor 有幽默感
【名师点击】
(1)in possession of意为“拥有……;占有……”,主语通常为表示人的词语;in the possession of意为“为某人所有”,主语通常为表示物的词语。
Jenny is in possession of the house.
=The house is in the possession of Jenny.
珍妮拥有这所房子。
(2)和上面类似用法的有 in charge of和in the charge of。
This class is in the charge of Mr.Wang
=Mr.Wang is in charge of this class.
王老师负责这个班。
5.log vt.把……载入正式记录;记录
n. 正式记录;日志;原木
【先精练】单句语法填空
(1)Customers pay to log and chat with other users.
(2) (log) companies would have to leave a central area of the forest before the end of the year.
(3)I regret to tell you that the system is unable (log) you on.
【答案】(1)on (2)Logging (3)to log
【再精写】微写作
(4)当员工登录自己的电脑时,他们会看到某位同事的照片并要求他们猜出名字。
When employees to their computers, they’re shown a picture of one of their coworkers and asked to guess that person’s name.
(5)另一方面,各种法律法规需要公司保留日志。
On the other hand, various laws and regulations require businesses to .
【答案】(4)log in/on (5)keep logs
【归纳拓展】
(1)log in/on登录;进入(计算机系统)
log out/off注销;退出(计算机系统)
(2)keep a log记日记(尤指航海/飞行日记)
(3)logging company伐木公司
【名师点击】
表示“记日记”的短语有:keep a log;keep a diary;keep a journal。
6.arrest n.逮捕;拘留;中止
vt.逮捕;拘留;阻止
【先精练】单句语法填空
(1)The man aged twenty has been arrest for a year.
(2)To our amazement, the girl (arrest) for drug-related offences.
(3)They failed (arrest) the company’s decline.
【答案】(1)under (2)was arrested (3)to arrest
【再精写】微写作
(4)刚才明亮的灯光吸引了婴儿的注意力。
The bright lights just now.
【答案】(4)arrested the baby’s attention
【归纳拓展】
(1)arrest sb.for sth.因某事逮捕某人
get arrested被捕
arrest one’s attention
吸引某人的注意力
(2)be under arrest被逮捕
place/put sb.under arrest逮捕某人
【名师点击】
除了arrest one’s attention表示“吸引某人的注意力”外,下面这些短语也有同样的意思:attract one’s attention/draw one’s attention/catch one’s attention/catch one’s eyes
7.withdraw from退出;撤回
【先精练】单句语法填空
(1)They will face a risk of being requested to withdraw school.
(2)The government (withdraw) worn out money from use.
(3)He has decided (withdraw) from the competition.
【答案】(1)from (2)withdraws (3)to withdraw
【再精写】微写作
(4)我想从我的银行账户里取出一些零用钱。
I feel like from my bank account.
【答案】(4)withdrawing some pocket money
【归纳拓展】
(1)withdraw from school退学
withdraw cash取现金
(2)动词变名词
withdraw→withdrawal n. 撤退;收回;提款;取消;退股
arrive→arrival n. 到来;到达
survive→survival n. 幸存;残存;幸存者;残存物
approve→approval n. 批准;认可;赞成
propose→proposal n. 提议;建议;求婚
句型精讲
1.(教材P26)Here, merchants from China and many other places met to negotiate trade deals, which also led to more awareness of each other’s cultures.
在这里,来自中国和其他许多地方的商人聚在一起谈判贸易协议,这也让人们对彼此的文化有了更多的了解。
【先精练】单句语法填空
(1)(2021·北京卷)Then, an OIC representative gave us some details,
somewhat interested me.
(2)There is a great deal of oxygen around us, without we cannot live.
(3)After graduation, I decided to stay in Chongqing, I spent my childhood.
【答案】(1)which (2)which (3)where
【再精写】微写作
(4)这位老人渴望养一只宠物,这样能够陪伴着她。
The old lady was eager to keep a pet, .
【答案】(4)which could keep her company
【句法分析】
语法现象 非限制性定语从句
结构特点 从句与主句之间有逗号隔开,独立存在,起补充说明的作用
句式演变 关系词不能由that引导, “介词+关系代词”、关系副词均可以引导非限制性定语从句
2.(教材P27)In recent years, China has joined other nations on several expeditions to explore the Arctic.
近年来,中国与其他国家一起进行了几次北极探险。
【先精练】单句语法填空
(1)Over the past 40 years, however, it (become) a ghostly desert.
(2)(2021·浙江卷) Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield, Illinois,
(prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public.
【答案】(1)has become (2)has proved
【再精写】微写作
(3)我们的家乡不再是过去的样子;在过去的二十年里发生了很大的变化。
Our hometown is no longer what it used to be;
in the past twenty years.
【答案】(3)great changes have taken place
【句法分析】
语法现象 “in recent years”是现在完成时的标志性时间状语
特点 recently, over recent years 等是现在完成时的标志性时间状语
常考点 (1)现在完成时常用的时间状语为:in/during/over the past/last few+时间段;so far;up to now;till now;ever since;over the years等
(2)常用的句式还有:It/This/That is the first time that…;Sb./Sth. has/have done…since…;It has been…since…等
※真题长难句精讲精析
(2020·北京卷)Instead, I agree with
Oxford University philosopher Nick Bostrom, who believes that the heaviest risks from AGI do not come from a decision to turn against mankind but rather from a dogged pursuit of set objectives at the expense of everything else.
[句式解构]本句为who引导的 句,所修饰的Nick Bostrom为从句中的 ;定语从句中that引导的是 ,且此从句中有关联短语 。
[句意翻译] ________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
非限制性定语从句
先行词
宾语从句
not…but…
相反,我同意牛津大学哲学家尼克·波斯托姆的观点,他认为通用人工智能最大的风险不是来自于反对人类的决定,而是来自以牺牲其他一切为代价对既定目标的执着追求。
★能力优化集训
课本回放
◎语境填词
tale;politics;channel;bond;at the mercy of;maritime;log;set sail
Throughout our history, we have many 1. of marvels, among which I’d like to share the story of the great navigator Zheng He. There are altogether seven 2. affairs. In 1406, he along with his teammates including officers, soldiers and doctors 3.________________ from Suzhou,
tales
maritime
set sail
a south coastal city in our country in search of new 4. . During the navigation, they suffered a lot from violent storms. They continued sailing south with great determination 5. typhoons. At last, they got in touch with many countries, and built a number of 6. in economy, culture, as well as 7. with them, which was later8. in the history in memory of their great achievements.
channels
at the mercy of
bonds
politics
logged
技能提升
【语境辨义】根据语境写出黑体词的词性及含义
1.The capitalists exploit the workers in order to maximize profits.
2.He may even be elected without a serious opponent.
3.The other day the local schools formed a football league.
4.Many students have the intention of joining the legal profession.
vt.剥削
n. 对手
n. 社团
n. 行业
5.A group of children beheld a bright star shining in the sky.
6.All results are significant to the research on the population in migration process.
7.Soon, members of the royal family and other wealthy people took up motoring as a sport.
8.The flight will be announced soon. Meanwhile, please remain seated.
v. 看见
n. 迁移
adj. 皇室的
adv. 在此期间
写作空间
◎佳句回眸
1.(2020·北京卷)她的监测仪显示,接近地面的空气污染水平更高,这有助于突出婴儿和幼儿患肺部疾病的风险更高的担忧。(非限制性定语从句)
Her monitor has shown that air pollution levels are higher closer to ground level, that babies and young kids may be at higher risk of developing lung problems.
【答案】which has helped highlight concerns
2.(2021·北京卷)根据联合国的一份新报告,在过去20年里,极端天气事件的数量急剧增加,主要是由全球气温上升引起的。(there be)
There in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years,caused largely by rising global temperatures,according to a new report from the United Nations.
【答案】has been a dramatic rise
3.微利时代的到来,以量和价格取胜的竞争优势将逐步退出舞台。(withdraw from)
With the arrival of low profit era, the quantity and price to win the competitive advantage the stage.
【答案】will gradually withdraw from
4.警察为这位女士付了食物的钱,也没有逮捕她,这使得保安很惊讶。(arrest)
The police paid the food for the woman, and , which surprised the guard.
【答案】didn’t arrest her
5.原始文件被第三方占有。(possession)
The original document is a third party.
【答案】in the possession of
◎短文写作
根据汉语提示并运用本单元的词汇和语法写一篇短文
两个月前,我们学校与我们城市的其他中学联合举行了一场篮球锦标赛。有我们引以为傲的许多不同等级的专业球员参与了这次比赛。本次比赛的目的就是与擅长打篮球的人们建立牢固的联系,而不仅仅是打败对手。毕竟,友谊第一,比赛第二。由于某种原因,有两名球员退出比赛。然而,我们的队员仍然对赢得比赛充满自信。当我们投进最后一球时,热烈的掌声响起。通过这次比赛,我们除了收获了友谊,还收获了更多的经验。
【答案】One possible version:
Two months ago, our school held a basketball tournament in association with other middle schools in our city. There are a number of professional players of different leagues, whom we are taking pride in. The aim of this event was to build a solid bond with those who are good at playing basketball rather than simply defeat the opponents. After all, friendship rather than competition comes first. For some reason, there were two players withdrawing from this game. However, our team members were still so confident of winning the game. At last, a big applause came when we had scored the last ball. Through this event, we had gained more experience besides friendship.(共55张PPT)
选择性必修 第四册
UNIT 4 SHARING
★每日早晚必背
单元话题写作
(湖南省长沙市一中2022届模拟)假定你是李华,正在为高考紧张地复习,但最近你遇到了一些问题或困难,导致学习效率比较低下。于是你给你校的外籍心理老师John写一封信寻求帮助。内容包括:
1.你的问题或困难;
2.希望获得帮助。
丰富的句式结构
1.Recently, I’ve been busy preparing for my College Entrance Examination, but unfortunately I find it quite hard to study efficiently.(it作形式宾语)
2.I’m encountering some problems which trouble me a lot.(which引导限制性定语从句)
3.First, I have to spend so much time on my homework that I hardly have time to do sports.(so…that…引导结果状语从句)
4.Faced with the above problems, I’m anxious to get your help.(过去分词短语作状语)
佳文背诵
Dear John,
I am Li Hua, a senior 3 student. Recently, I’ve been busy preparing for my College Entrance Examination, but unfortunately I find it quite hard to study efficiently. So I’m writing to ask you for help. I’m encountering some problems which trouble me a lot. First, I have to spend so much time on my homework that I hardly have time to do sports. Moreover, the high expectations from the teachers and parents make me stressed out because I don’t want to let them down. Faced with the above problems, I’m anxious to get your help. Could you please offer me some advice on how to solve these problems
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
★课前语基夯实
高频重点词汇
◎核心词汇 会运用
1. n.邮件;信件;邮政
vt.邮寄;发电邮给
2. n.校服;制服
adj.一致的;统一的
3. adj.死板的;固执的
mail
uniform
rigid
4. vt. 给……遮挡(光线);加灯罩;把……涂暗
n.阴凉处;灯罩;阴影部分
5. vt.&vi.(使脸上)起皱纹;皱起
n.皱纹
6. n.额;前额
7. n.平台;站台;舞台
8. adj.吃剩的;残留的
n.吃剩的食物;遗留物
9. n.握手
shade
wrinkle
forehead
platform
leftover
handshake
10. vt.拖;拽
vt.&vi. 缓慢而费力地移动
11. n.优惠待遇;特权
12. vt.封堵;补足
n.堵塞物;插头;插座
13. n.情况;信息;投入;输入 vt.输入
14. n.曲调;曲子
vt.调音;调节;调频道
drag
privilege
plug
input
tune
15. vt.感染(疾病);与……订立合同(或契约)
n.合同;契约
16. vt.同意;准许 n.拨款
17. vt.转发;转播
n.接力赛;接班的人
18. n.标准;准则;原则
contract
grant
relay
criterion
【语境活用】根据汉语意思填写单词
1.Experience is what matters─age is of (次要的) importance.
2.You will have to take your prescription to a (药剂师) for further instructions.
3.He was walking up and down the station (站台), anxiously waiting for somebody.
4.(2021·全国新高考Ⅰ卷)Every time you make coffee, dry the
(剩下的) coffee grounds and keep them in small bowls, then place the bowls in the kitchen.
secondary
chemist
platform
leftover
5.It’s such a (特权) to be a part of these kids’ lives, even just for a few hours, getting to know them and hearing their stories.
6.That kind of bird has become more numerous around here
(最近).
7.I’ll call you for (咨询) next time I take a trip somewhere.
8.The government has taken a measure to maintain the (稳定) of prices.
9.I like the saying, “The only (缺陷) in life is a bad attitude.”
10.Traffic (堵塞) in the town happen every day so let’s wait patiently.
privilege
lately
consultation
stability
disability
jams
◎拓展词汇 能提升
1._____________ n.沙土;灰尘 vi.&vt.擦灰→_____________ adj.布满灰尘的
2._____________ n.化学家;药剂师;药房→_____________ n.化学→_____________ adj.化学的 n.化学药品
3. _____________ n.住房;住宅→_____________ vt.给……房子住;收藏;存放 n.房屋;住宅
4. _____________ adj.成熟的;时机成熟的→_____________ vt.(使)成熟
5._____________ vi.&vt.辞职;辞去→_____________ n.辞职;辞呈;顺从;听任→_____________ adj.屈从的;顺从的
dust
dusty
chemist
chemistry
chemical
housing
house
ripe
ripen
resign
resignation
resigned
6._____________ vt.值得;应得;应受→_____________ adj.应得的;理所当然的;该受的→_____________ adv.正当地;应得地;理所当然地
7._____________ adv.最近;不久前;近来→_____________ adj.最近的;迟的 adv.晚;迟→_____________ adv.以后;后来 adj.较晚的;后来的→_____________ adj.最近的;最新的
8._____________ n.缺陷;障碍→____________ v.使丧失能力;使伤残→_____________ adj. 有残疾的;丧失能力的
deserve
deservedt
deservedly
lately
late
later
latest
disability
disable
disabled
9._____________ n.咨询;咨询会→_____________ v.请教;商议;查阅→_____________ n.顾问
10._____________ n.稳定(性);稳固(性)→_____________ adj.稳定的;牢固的→_____________ adv.稳定地;牢固地
11._____________ vi.&vt.企盼;祈祷→_____________ n.祈祷;祈祷文
consultation
consult
consultan
stability
stable
stably
pray
prayer
【语境活用】使用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.My mother is busy (weed) in the garden at the moment.
2.Life today is (rigid) divided into work and leisure.
3.Employers are being encouraged to hire (disable) workers.
4.Wearing (uniform) in Britain is a traditional culture, but some schools don’t follow it.
5.We can use the mouse (drag) the icon to a new position.
6.They could not have understood my former (resign).
weeding
rigidly
disabled
uniforms
to drag
resignation
7.We’d better not take our parents’ love for (grant).
8.The satellite will be used mainly (relay) television programmes.
9.Success in making money is not always a good (criterion) of success in life.
10.On a sunny morning, sunlight filtered in through the (dust) window.
granted
to relay
criterion
dusty
高频短语串记
◎单元短语再现
a chorus of;not to mention;take for granted;relay to;pray that;be dying to do;adapt to;make a difference to sb./sth.;be related to;participate in
【语境活用】选用前面短语的适当形式填空
1.The applicants all their applications to the human resource manager via mails.
2.Pollution has a negative effect on the health of everyone living in the
city, the damage to the environment.
relay to
not to mention
3.My daughter play the piano after she enjoyed a fantastic concert.
4.By helping those kids, I feel I can their future and make some contributions to society.
5.(2021·北京卷)You should be able to work well in a team and
an international working environment.
6.Everyone in the class is expected to the discussion.
7.What he does can’t what he says.
8.We now that science gives us otherwise invisible worlds.
was dying to
make a difference to
adapt to
participate in
be related to
take for granted
重点句型仿写
背原句 明句型 巧仿写
The other day I was showing the boys a chemistry experiment when, before I knew it, the mixture was bubbling out of the test tube spilling everywhere!
有一天,我正在给孩子们看一个化学实验,我还没反应过来,试管里混合物就开始冒泡,溅得到处都是! be doing
…when…意为“正在做……突然……” 1.I ___________________
along the lake when it began to rain.
我正沿着湖边散步时,(就在那时候)天就下起雨来了。
was taking a walk
背原句 明句型 巧仿写
To be honest, I doubt whether I’m making any difference to these boys’ lives at all.
说实话,我怀疑我是否给这些男孩的生活带来了任何影响。 I doubt whether…意为“我怀疑是否……” 2.Critics _______________it is wise if teachers depend heavily on technology.
批评家们怀疑,如果老师们十分依赖科技,这是否明智。
doubt whether
背原句 明句型 巧仿写
Such housing is dark inside so it took time for our eyes to adjust.
这样的房屋里面是黑暗的,所以我们的眼睛需要时间来适应。 It takes/took sb.…to do sth.意为“花费某人……做某事。” 3.It __________________________
reach Beijing by train.
坐火车到北京需要大约5个小时。
takes about five hours to
背原句 明句型 巧仿写
It was such a privilege to have spent a day with Tombe’s family.
和汤贝一家人度过了一天,真是荣幸。 It is/was a privilege to do sth.意为“做某事是荣幸的”。 4.Being a teacher, __________________________
help students obtain knowledge and better themselves.
作为老师,帮助学生获得知识和提升自我是很荣幸的。
it is a privilege to
★考点多维突破
词汇精磨
1.shade vt.给……遮挡(光线);把……涂暗
n. 阴凉处;灯罩;阴影部分
【先精练】单句语法填空
(1)Temperatures the shade can reach forty-eight degrees celsius at this time of year.
(2)Plenty of plants prefer to be lightly (shade) from direct, hot sunlight.
【答案】(1)in (2)shaded
【再精写】微写作
(3)当你走到外面的阳光下时,请遮住眼睛。
when you step out into the bright sunlight.
(4)一天,一只老象在木匠们工作的树林的树荫下躲避太阳的炙热。
One day, an old elephant sought refuge from the heat of the sun
the woods where the carpenters worked.
【答案】(3)Shade your eyes (4)in the shade of
【归纳拓展】
(1)shade the passers-by为路人遮阴
be shaded by trees被树遮阴
in the shade of a tree在树荫下
various shades of green
各种深浅不同的绿色
put…in the shade
使……黯然失色;使相形见绌
(2)shady adj.成荫的
in the shady corner在阴暗的角落里
【名师点击】
词条 用法
shade 作不可数名词时,意为“树荫”;作及物动词时,意为“使阴暗”;作不及物动词时,意为“(颜色、色彩等)渐变”。
shadow 指因挡住强光而形成的“黑影子”,为可数名词。
2.drag vt.拖;拽 vt.&vi. 缓慢而费力地移动
【先精练】单句语法填空
(1)He (drag) his chair towards the table.
(2)That seems like a horrible mess that will drag for years.
(3)You are bound to thank me for (drag) you to the party.
【答案】(1)dragged (2)on (3)dragging
【再精写】微写作
(4)我可以从我的词汇中拽出很多单词来表达我的感激之情。
There are so many words I can my vocabulary to express how thankful I am.
(5)她挣扎着从床上爬起来,还在半睡半醒。
She , still half asleep.
【答案】(4)drag out of (5)dragged herself out of bed
【归纳拓展】
drag in 把……拉进来;硬把(某人)拉进
drag on 拖延;使拖延;拖长(声调、字眼等)
drag oneself out of 缓慢费力地移出……
drag up 拉上;拔出;故意提起(往事)
3.disabled adj.有残疾的;丧失能力的
【先精练】单句语法填空
(1)The (disable) should be treated with respect.
(2)His (disable) prevents him from holding a job.
【答案】(1)disabled (2)disability
【再精写】微写作
(3)我们旨在帮助残疾学生尽可能独立地生活和学习。
We aim to help to live and study independently.
【答案】(3)disabled students
【归纳拓展】
(1)the disabled=disabled people残疾人
be born disabled天生残疾
physically/mentally disabled
有生理残疾的/有心理缺陷的
(2)disability n.缺陷;障碍
a learning/reading disability
学习/阅读障碍
(3)disable v.使丧失能力;使伤残
4.resign vi.&vt.辞职;辞去
【先精练】单句语法填空
(1)You are not wise enough to resign the committee.
(2)I guess I have to resign myself your decision.
(3)He is said to have considered (resign) in face of the severe damage.
【再精写】微写作
(4)这位50岁的男人被迫辞去了财政部部长的职务。
The man aged fifty was forced to finance minister.
【答案】(4)resign as
【答案】(1)from (2)to (3)resigning
【归纳拓展】
(1)resign from… 辞去……职务
resign as sth.以……职位辞职
resign…to… 把……委托给……
resign oneself to 听任;顺从
(2)resigned adj. 顺从的;逆来顺受的
(3)resignation n. 辞职;辞职信;顺从;听任
5.deserve vt.值得;应得;应受
【先精练】单句语法填空
(1)The little boy’s act of kindness to the homeless deserves
(praise).
(2)These honourable students deserve (get) high scores due to their hard work.
【答案】(1)praising/to be praised (2)to get
【再精写】微写作
(3)东道主国家在应对其责任相关的难题时也值得考虑和实际帮助。
Host countries also and practical help in coping with the difficulties related to their responsibilities.
【答案】(3)deserve consideration
【归纳拓展】
deserve+n. 应该得到
deserve to do sth.应该做某事;值得做某事
deserve to be done=deserve doing
值得被做
deserve consideration/attention
值得考虑/注意
【名师点击】
deserve后跟v-ing的主动形式表示被动意义,相当于接不定式的被动形式,即deserve doing=deserve to be done。同样用法的词还有:need, want, require等。
6.lately adv.最近;不久前;近来
【先精练】单句语法填空
(1)Our great country (land) Zhurong rover successfully on Mars lately.
(2)Mrs.Stevens (be) dizzy lately for her chest pain.
(3)He was always delighted about his achievement, but later he realized his mistakes.
【答案】(1)has landed (2)has been (3)on
【再精写】微写作
(4)是最近她才被任命为公司总裁的。
she has been appointed as CEO in her company.
【答案】(4)It is lately that
【归纳拓展】
(1)lately(=recently)常与现在完成时连用。常与现在完成时连用的时间状语还有:recently, by now, since,ever since, so far, in the past few years等。
(2)late adj.迟到的;晚的;晚期的;已故的 adv.迟;晚
be late for sth.做某事迟到
(3)later adj.较晚的;以后的
adv.以后;后来
later on稍后;以后;后来
sooner or later迟早
three days later三天后
(4)latest adj.最新的;最近的
7.take…for granted 认为……是理所当然;对……不予重视
【先精练】单句语法填空
(1)(2020·北京卷)So we just take it for (grant) that he needs no supervision(指导) for managing his stuff.
(2)Some children take it for granted (play) video games on weekends.
【答案】(1)granted (2)to play
【再精写】微写作
(3)这位女士讲如此流利的英语以至于我认为她是英国人。
The lady speaks English so fluently that I that she is a British.
(4)人类想当然地认为他们的大脑拥有所有的解决方案,但也许他们的心才可以成为一个更好的向导。
Human beings that their brains held all the solutions, but maybe their hearts can be a better guide.
【答案】(3)take it for granted (4)took it for granted
【归纳拓展】
take everything for granted
认为一切理所当然
take it for granted to do sth.
认为做某事理所当然
take it for granted that… 认为……理所当然
【名师点击】
(1)it作形式宾语的常见句式有:
find/make it adj. for sb. to do sth.
sb. likes/hates/dislikes it when…
I would appreciate it if you could do…
sb. sees to it that…
(2)take的常用短语:
take…seriously 认真对待
take…lightly对……掉以轻心
take sb.as an example/take sb.for example以……为例
句型精讲
1.(教材P38)To be honest, I doubt whether I’m making any difference to these boys’ lives at all.
说实话,我怀疑我是否给这些男孩的生活带来了任何影响。
【先精练】单句语法填空
(1)The coach doubted the team would win the tournament.
(2)There is no doubt computers are very useful in technology.
【答案】(1)whether/if (2)that
【再精写】微写作
(3)通过来自世界各地的共同努力,气候是否会变得更好,这是有疑问的。
the climate can be better through the joint efforts from all corners of the world.
【答案】(3)There is some doubt whether/if
【句法分析】
语法现象 doubt用作动词时,意为“怀疑;不相信”。在肯定句中doubt后面的从句由whether/if引导;在疑问句或否定句中doubt后面的从句由that引导。
结构特点 There is no doubt后常接that引导的从句,表示“对……毫不怀疑”。
句式演变 There is (some) doubt之后常接whether引导的从句,表示“怀疑是否会……”。
※真题长难句精讲精析
When these organisms die, they bury carbon in the deep ocean, an important process that helps to regulate the global climate.
[句式解构]本句为主从复合句,when引导 ,an important process为 ,that引导的是 ,在定语从句中作 ;先行词是 。
[句意翻译]
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
时间状语从句
同位语
定语从句
主语
an important process
当这些微生物死去的时候,它们把碳埋在深海中,这是一个有助于调节全球气候的重要过程。
★能力优化集训
课本回放
◎语境填词
lately;uniform;secondary;chorus;cotton;in the shade of;tablet
1. , I have received a mail from my daughter who is at present at 2. school in Panama. She shared a wonderful performance where the students 3. on a big stage. It is fascinating that each of them wore their school 4. made of pure 5. , which looked so neat and harmonious. I liked it so much that I immediately downloaded and stored it in my 6. . Then, I found her father working 7._____________ the tree to appreciate our little girl’s excellent chorus.
Lately
secondary
chorused
uniform
cotton
tablet
in the shade of
技能提升
【语境辨义】根据语境写出黑体词的词性及含义
1.If you want to output your acquired language, you must have enough input. ______________
2.The circuit is a conventional ring(环形的) counter.
3.The mother prays to god to keep her sick son from disease.
4.There used to be a large number of parcels by the doorway.
n.输入
n.环形线路
v.祈祷
n. 包裹
5.According to the instructions, we have to clean the grill before we start a fire.
6.My grandmother is beginning to get wrinkles around her eyes. ______________
7.She tapped her forehead and looked annoyed with herself.
n.烤架
n.皱纹
n.额头
写作空间
◎佳句回眸
1.(2021·全国高考甲卷)山脚下的温泉是爬山后你一定要尝试的东西。它无疑会帮助你重新焕发精神! (undoubtedly)
The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will get refreshed!
【答案】undoubtedly help you
2.他们正在看世界杯,突然灯灭了。(when)
They were watching the World Cup .
【答案】when suddenly the light went out
3.我觉得他总是把我们对他的支持看作理所当然,因为他认为无论什么事我们总是会随叫随到。(take…for granted)
I guess he just , because he thought we would be there for him no matter what.
【答案】took our support for granted
4.两人在竹荫下的长草中玩耍。(in the shade of)
The pair play in long grass bamboo.
【答案】in the shade of
5.他几乎快拖不动身后那条受伤的腿了。(drag)
He his wounded leg behind him.
【答案】was barely able to drag
◎短文写作
根据汉语提示并运用本单元的词汇和语法写一篇短文
在我们身边有许多励志故事在发生,尤其是那些身残志坚的人的故事。我周围就有这样一个榜样。托马斯由于某种原因天生失明。许多人很同情他。 他本该拥有比同龄人更多的特权。但是,意料之外的是,他的父母把他当正常孩子来养育。自小时候起,托马斯就把他的残疾认为是理所当然的。因此,他过着幸福多彩的生活。他有许多爱好,比如制作音乐和调音。 幸运的是,自助者天助也。他得到一个在大平台上表现的机会。我认为,他的优秀值得给予祝福。
【答案】One possible version:
There are so many inspiring stories around us, especially those stories concerning disabled but strong-minded people. There was such a good example in my neighbourhood. Thomas was born blind for some reason. Many people show sympathy to him. He should have had more privileges than other peers. However, unexpectedly, his parents brought him up as a normal kid. Since his childhood, Thomas has taken his disability for granted. Thus, he leads a happy and colourful life. He has many hobbies like making music and tuning. Luckily, God helps those who help themselves. He gets a chance to perform on a big platform. As far as I am concerned, his excellence deserves giving such a blessing.(共49张PPT)
选择性必修 第四册
UNIT 5 LAUNCHING YOUR CAREER
★每日早晚必背
单元话题写作
假定你是李华。你们班举办了有关“我的理想工作”的演讲活动。请根据下面提示写一篇演讲稿,发表在校报上。内容包括:
1.我的理想职业;
2.选择这一职业的原因;
3.为实现这一理想,需要做出的努力。
丰富的句式结构
1.It’s a great honor for me to have the chance to tell something about my dream job.(it作形式主语;真正的主语是后面的不定式短语:to have the chance to…)
2.Because being a doctor means I can make people enjoy good health.(动词的 ing形式作主语)
3.How many times I have dreamed of becoming a doctor!(感叹句的运用更凸显作者的情感)
4.I believe nothing is impossible if I put my heart into it.(if引导条状语从句)
佳文背诵
Hello, everyone. It’s a great honor for me to have the chance to tell something about my dream job. Honestly speaking, it’s everyone’s dream to become a valuable and respectable person, so do I. How many times I have dreamed of becoming a doctor! Because being a doctor means I can make people enjoy good health. I can save tens of thousands of patients. Besides, a doctor can also make people free of illnesses and pains. Therefore, I’ll spare no efforts to study and fully prepare for my dream profession. I believe nothing is impossible if I put my heart into it.
Thanks for your listening again! That’s all.
★课前语基夯实
高频重点词汇
◎核心词汇 会运用
1. vi.&vt.(使)弹起;上下晃动
n.弹性;弹跳;活力
2. vt.组装;装配
vi.&vt.收集;聚集;集合
3. n. 债务;欠款
4. n.简介;概述;侧面轮廓
vt.扼要介绍;概述;写简介
bounce
assemble
debt
profile
5. n. 代码;密码 vt. 编码;把……译成密码
6. vi. 使适应;使面对;确定方向
7. n. 密探;间谍
vi.从事间谍活动
vt. 突然看见;发现
8. vi.&vt. 缝制:缝;做针线活
9. vt.&vi. 编织;(使)紧密结合
n.编织的衣服;针织衫
10. n.收据;接收
11. n.合格证书;证明
code
orient
spy
sew
knit
receipt
certificate
【语境活用】根据汉语意思填写单词
1.Researchers used ACT scores as a measure of intellectual _____________(天资).
2.The higher division of the seven liberal arts in the Middle Ages, composed of _____________(几何学), astronomy, arithmetic, and music.
3.He stared at the diamonds with _____________ (贪婪的) eyes.
4.In the world no one doubts the _____________(公平) of our cause.
5.Could you please tell me something about _____________(财政) you have known
aptitude
geometry
greedy
justice
finance
6.At a time of this economic crisis, our_____________ (优先事项) should be very clear about what we need to do.
7.Jenny is famous for her_____________ (熟练) in written and spoken English.
8.I can’t find my_____________ (钱包). I could have left it in the supermarket yesterday, but I’m not sure.
9.The old man left an _____________(遗产) of two million dollars when he died.
10.The couple will_____________ (奉献) themselves to science in the future whatever difficulty it is.
priority
proficiency
purse
estate
dedicate
◎拓展词汇 能提升
1._____________ n.律师→_____________ n.法律
2._____________ n.新郎→_____________ n.新娘
3. _____________ vt.把……分类(加以归类)→_____________ n.类别;种类
4. _____________ n.参与者;参加者→_____________ vi.参加;参与→_____________ n.参加;参与
5._____________ n.侦探;警探→_____________ vt.察觉;发现;侦查出
6._____________ n.图表;图形;图画 adj.绘画的;图案的→_____________ n.图;图表
lawyer
law
bridegroom
bride
categorise
category
participant
participate
participation
detective
detect
graphic
graph
7._____________ n. 会计;会计师→_____________ n.账户;叙述 v.认为是;视为
8. _____________ n.公平;公正;合理→_____________ n.不公平,不公正
9. _____________ vt.控告;控诉;谴责→_____________ n.指控;起诉;告发;谴责
10._____________ adj.贪婪的;贪心的→_____________ n.贪婪;贪心
11._____________ n.接待员→_____________ n.接待;欢迎
12._____________ adj. 社会主义的 n.社会主义者→_____________ n.社会主义→_____________ n.社会→_____________ adj.社会的;社交的
accountant
account
justice
injustice
accuse
accusation
greedy
greed
receptionist
reception
socialist
socialism
society
social
13._____________adj.共产主义的 n.共产主义者→_____________ n.共产主义
14. _____________ vt.把……奉献给→_____________ n.奉献;献身→_____________ adj.献身的;专门的
15._____________ n.狐狸;狡猾的人→_____________ adj.狡猾的
16._____________ vt.&vi.主管;指导;监督→_____________ n.监督人;监护人
17._____________ n.停车位;停车→_____________ v.停放(车辆)
18._____________ n.油煎的食物 vt.&vi.油炸;油炒;油煎→_____________ adj.油炸的
communist
communism
dedicate
dedication
dedicated
fox
foxy
supervise
supervisor
parking
park
fry
fried
19._____________ n.毛;毛线;毛料→_____________ adj.羊毛的;毛线的
20._____________ n.优先事项;首要的事;优先→_____________ adj.优先的;先前的
21._____________ n.熟练;娴熟;精通→_____________ adj.熟练的;精通的
22._____________ n.资金;财政;金融 vt.提供资金→_____________ adj.财政的;金融的→_____________ adv.财政上;金融上
23._____________n.雇主;老板→_____________ vt.雇用;聘请;使用;利用→_____________ n.雇员→_____________ n.雇用;聘用
24._____________ n.沙漠;荒漠 v.抛弃;遗弃→_____________ adj.被舍弃的;被遗弃的
25._____________ vt.获得;购得→_____________ n.获得;习得;得到的东西
wool
woolen
priority
prior
proficiency
proficient
finance
financial
financially
employer
employ
employee
employment
desert
deserted
acquire
acquisition
【语境活用】使用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different
(participate) based on how they typed, with very low error rates.
2.(2021·全国高考乙卷)Network learning has increasingly become an important means for people (acquire) knowledge and solve problems.
3.As a chief executive, he has (assemble) a polished stable of celebrities.
participants
to acquire
assembled
4.We need to create a series of completely repeatable (scenario) for this.
5.(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)You can’t have any (fry) food or steaks.
6.The freshman took a while (orient) himself in university.
7.We believe that using Google (profile) to help people find and connect with you online is how the product is best used.
8.The water in the cup danced with the (bounce) of the car.
9.The reporter was (accuse) of unprofessional conduct.
10.My mother-in-law has a (sew) machine which is similar to my mother’s.
scenarios
fried
to orient
profiles
bouncing
accused
sewing
高频短语串记
◎单元短语再现
bounce around;head start;a chest of drawers;(real)estate agent;come to a conclusion;attend to;flea collar;have a lot in common;accuse sb. of sth.;not…but…
【语境活用】选用前面短语的适当形式填空
1.I forget what they are called—they have a handle and you sit on it and
the room.
2.It’s time for you to wake up and your business.
bounce around
attend to
3.The two stadiums, both of which have held big games,
.
4.The parties that they should make their study more effective.
5.In winter, your pet does not only have to wear its ; he or she can also wear clothes especially designed for pets with short hair.
6.The boss breaking his word by his employees.
7.Whether this becomes a lifelong advantage is yet to be seen.
8.At present the is under great stress in selling the houses.
have a lot in common
came to a conclusion
flea collar
was accused of
head start
(real) estate agent
重点句型仿写
背原句 明句型 巧仿写
This is because your career is a very important part of who you are.
这是因为你的职业生涯是你人生中非常重要的一部分。 This/That is because意为“这是因为……” 1.He didn’t come to school. __________________________he wanted to attend his sister’s wedding.
他没来学校,这是因为他想参加他姐姐的婚礼。
This is because
背原句 明句型 巧仿写
This, however, is not always easy.
然而,这并不总是容易的。 not always为部分否定 2.Chances __________________________easy, so we must make full preparations for them and seize them in time.
机会并不总是轻易到来,所以我们必须做好充分的准备,及时抓住它们。
are not always
背原句 明句型 巧仿写
I wish I had thought more about what I really wanted to do.
我希望我能多考虑一下我真正想做的事情。 wish后加宾语从句时,从句中使用虚拟语气 3.There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I __________________________to become more involved.
村里有很好的社交生活。我希望我能再有一次机会参与。
had a second chance
背原句 明句型 巧仿写
The first time I observed the process of water being split into oxygen and hydrogen, I was deeply attracted by the charm of chemistry.
当我第一次观察到水分解成氧和氢的过程时,我就被化学的魅力深深吸引住了。 the first time引导时间状语从句 4.He left me a good impression __________________________.
我第一次见他时,他给我留下了好印象。
the first time I met him
★考点多维突破
词汇精磨
1.debt n.债务;欠款
【先精练】单句语法填空
(1)The citizen can guarantee that he will pay the debt ahead of schedule.
(2)The only way to get out of debt is to understand why you’re
debt in the first place.
(3)It is easier to get debt than to get out of debt.
【答案】(1)off (2)in (3)into
【再精写】微写作
(4)我的老师们过去常常警告我们挥霍者最后往往负债。
My teachers used to warn us that wasteful people usually .
【答案】(4)end up in debt
【归纳拓展】
in/out of debt负债/还清债务
be in one’s debt=be in debt to sb.
欠某人的情;受某人的恩惠
get/fall/run into debt欠债;陷入债务
pay off the debt偿清债务
put sb.in debt使某人陷入债务
【名师点击】
debt可指具体意义上的欠他人的钱财或物品,用作可数名词,也可指抽象的“负债的状况”或欠他人的“人情”,此时只用于单数形式。
2.spy n. 密探;间谍 vi. 从事间谍活动
vt. 突然看见;发现
【先精练】单句语法填空
(1)He was walking down the street when he (spy) an old friend.
(2)Jack was paid by the police to spy his colleagues.
(3)Their work as bank clerks was a cover for their activities as
(spy).
(4)This little boy was brave enough to spy the enemy’s movements.
【答案】(1)spied (2)on (3)spies (4)into
【再精写】微写作
(5)令人难以置信的是,这位女间谍竟然会嫁给当地的一位农民。
It is incredible that marry a local farmer.
(6)宇航员们正在侦察宇宙中已发现的最古老的星星。
Astronauts now the oldest stars found in the universe.
【答案】(5)this woman spy should (6)are spying on
【归纳拓展】
spy sth.out 暗中查明某事
spy on/upon sb.暗中监视某人;侦察某人
spy into sth. 侦查/窥探某事
3.accuse vt. 控告;控诉;谴责
【先精练】单句语法填空
(1)Her assistant was accused theft and fraud by the police.
(2)The other day all seven crimes (accuse) him of lying in his test.
(3)The injured man was charged drunk driving.
【答案】(1)of (2)accused (3)with
【再精写】微写作
(4)在全国各地,一些人们被指控漏税,这导致他们被列入黑名单。
Some people around the country tax evasion(漏税), leading to being blacklisted.
【答案】(4)were accused of
【归纳拓展】
(1)accuse sb.of (doing) sth.
指控某人(做)某事
be accused of 被指控……;控告
(2)charge sb.with sth.指控某人某事
be charged with被指控……;控告
【名师点击】
词条 用法
accuse accuse作“指控,控告”讲时,常与介词of连用,构成 accuse sb.of sth.
charge charge作“指控,控告”讲时,多与with连用,构成charge sb.with sth.
blame blame作“责备,指责”讲时,多与for连用,构成blame sb.for sth.
4.dedicate vt. 把……奉献给
【先精练】单句语法填空
(1)We admire her (dedicate) to the cause of humanity.
(2)It is a great honour for a company staffed by capable and
(dedicate) people.
(3)This great educator dedicated to the development of education and he won people’s respect.
【答案】(1)dedication (2)dedicated (3)himself
【再精写】微写作
(4)在他们的大力支持下, 我们继续设定能源和纸张消耗指标。
, we continued to set targets for energy and paper consumption.
【答案】(4)With their dedicated support
【归纳拓展】
(1)dedicate oneself/sth. to (doing) sth.
把……奉献给(做)某事
(2)dedicated adj.专心致志的;一心一意的
be dedicated to (doing) sth.
专心做某事
(3)dedication n.奉献;献身
【名师点击】
和dedicate用法一样的还有:devote…to…/be devoted to;expose…to…/be exposed to等。
5.not to mention 更不用说;且不说
【先精练】单句语法填空
(1)Old folk and children alike are all against the proposal, not
mention the youth.
(2)In my view, those heroic deeds deserve (mention) to the next generations.
(3)As (mention) above, the function of the device is wonderful.
【答案】(1)to (2)mentioning (3)mentioned
【再精写】微写作
(4)走路去太远了,更别说它现在可能已经关门了。
It’s too far to walk, the fact that it’ll probably be closed by now anyway.
【答案】(4)not to mention
【归纳拓展】
as mentioned above如上所述
be (not) worth mentioning (不)值得一提
Don’t mention it. 不客气;别提了。
【名师点击】
词条 不同点 例句
not to
mention not to mention中的mention是及物动词,后面要接名词、代词或v.-ing形式。 The baby can’t even walk, let alone run.=The baby can’t even walk, not to mention running.
let alone 后面要跟与前面相同的平行结构。用在否定句后面,表示由于极可能发生的事情都没有发生,某种情况就更不可能了。 Today, some young people never even read a newspaper, let alone a book.
句型精讲
1.(教材P50)I wish I had thought more about what I really wanted to do.
我希望我能多考虑一下我真正想做的事情。
【先精练】单句语法填空
(1)Although my student failed in the examination, I wish he
(try) his best again.
(2)It is not until I lost my father that how I wish I
(spend) more time with him.
(3)When seeing her great achievement, I wish I (be) her.
【答案】(1)would try (2)had spent (3)were
【再精写】微写作
(4)昨天我的同学为我过生日了,我真的希望你过来参加我的生日聚会。
My classmates celebrated my birthday yesterday. I truly wish
.
【答案】(4)you had come to my birthday party
【句法分析】
语法现象 wish+that 从句的虚拟语气
结构特点 (1)表示与现在事实相反的情况时,从句中的谓语动词形式用过去式(be多用were)。
(2)表示与过去事实相反的情况时,从句中的谓语动词形式用“had+过去分词”。
(3)表示与将来事实相反的情况时,从句中的谓语动词形式用“could/would/should/might+动词原形”。
2.(教材P52)The first time I observed the process of water being split into oxygen and hydrogen, I was deeply attracted by the charm of chemistry.
当我第一次观察到水分解成氧和氢的过程时,我就被化学的魅力深深吸引住了。
【先精练】完成句子
(1)The first time I saw him, he (read) newspapers.
(2)This is my first time that I (finish) a subject independently.
【答案】(1)was reading (2)have finished
【再精写】微写作
(3)史密斯先生首次来中国,他参观了长城。
, he paid a visit to the Great Wall.
【答案】(3)The first time Mr.Smith came to China
【句法分析】
句型 the first time+从句
常考点 (1)the first time 是名词短语,意为“第一次……时”,作连词用,引导时间状语从句。
(2)for the first time是介词短语,意为“第一次”,用作状语。
(3)用作连词的名词短语还有:
the moment/minute/second 一……就……
every/each time 每次……;每当……
(the) next time 下次
the last time 上次
★能力优化集训
课本回放
◎语境填词
scenario;lawyer;justice;dedicate oneself to;acquire;entrepreneur; certificate;head start;socialist
As an old saying goes, teachers are the engineer of human soul. As a teacher, I often encourage my students to make 1. on their future career and I find what really interests my students. Some of them declare that they plan to become a 2. who is brave enough to expose truth and maintain3. ;
scenarios
lawyer
justice
others announce that they are making efforts to become honest
4. so that they can 5. building our strong 6. country. I’m impressed by their job profiles and to my relief, each of them realizes that only by 7._________________ professional 8. can they possess a 9. on their future career.
entrepreneurs
dedicate themselves to
socialist
acquiring
certificates
head start
写作空间
◎佳句回眸
1.我希望你没有这么可怕的头痛。(wish)
I hadn’t had such a terrible headache.
【答案】wish that you
2.父母第一次带我们去颐和园。(the first time)
my parents have accompanied me to the Summer Palace.
【答案】It is the first time that
3.这对暖心的双胞胎正专注于为街上无家可归的人送美味的早餐。(dedicate)
The warm-hearted twins the homeless on the street.
【答案】are dedicated to delivering delicious breakfast to
4.我们不能理所当然地认为每个人都能通过期末考试。(take…for granted)
We cannot everyone can pass the final examination.
【答案】take it for granted that
5.她的生意破产了,负债累累。(in debt)
Her business collapsed and she .
【答案】was left heavily in debt
◎短文写作
根据汉语提示并运用本单元的词汇和语法写一篇短文
当被问到我的职业时,我能快速下结论:我愿意当律师。 在我看来,这份工作很伟大,因为它处理的是公平与正义的事情。 因此,当我在上大学前选择专业的时候,毫不犹豫地把法律放在优先事项里。 此外, 无论是在财政、政治,还是日常生活中, 我们都应该有特定的标准要遵守。因此普及法律法规将是我的首要职责,这样能够帮助更多的人知法守法。 一旦大家都遵守法律法规, 我们的社会主义将会顺利地进行。
【答案】One possible version:
When asked about my profession, I can quickly come to a conclusion that I would like to be a lawyer. In my opinion, this occupation is great as it attends to fairness and justice. Therefore, when I chose the major before going to the college, I immediately put lawyer in priority without hesitation. Besides, whether finance, politics or daily life, we ought to have certain criteria to follow so popularizing laws and regulations will be my prior duty, which can help more people know and understand them. Once everyone respects and obeys the laws, our socialism will go smooth.
