(共81张PPT)
教材知识讲练
必修第一册
Unit 1 A new start
续写语料积累 背诵·句之美
1．(行为描写)(2022·新高考卷Ⅰ)Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road．
2．(心理描写)(2022·全国甲卷)Their companionship was nearly enough to keep my loneliness at bay．
3．(人物描写)(2020·天津卷)...there are too many extremely lonely people in his community, who are easy targets of cheating．
续写语料积累 欣赏·语之秀
(2022·新高考卷Ⅰ)The sky was clear when we headed off, but storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly interrupted our peaceful morning trip．The afwind picked up and thunder rolled．My husband stopped fishing to start the motor．
语基自查自测·巩固验收
01
核
心
单
词
检
测 1．The telephones are manned 24 hours a day by __________ (volunteer)．
2．(2022·全国乙卷) Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact (联系) and share with one another．With busy _________(schedule)，squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge．
3．(2022·浙江1月卷) Finally，my hard work paid off—we ____________ (award) an A，which gave me great satisfaction．
volunteers
schedules
were awarded
核
心
单
词
检
测 4．(2022·浙江1月卷)Travelling to conferences，lectures，workshops，and the like—frequently by plane—_________________________ (view)as important for scientists to get together and exchange information．
5．(2022·新高考卷Ⅰ) The GPNP's main goal is __________(improve) connectivity between separate populations and homes of giant pandas...
is viewed/has been viewed
to improve
派生单词检测 1．After seeing the ___________ film, the __________ boy was too __________ to walk home alone in the dark．(frighten)
2．All __________ who have _______ for the job must hand in the ___________ forms before next Monday．(apply)
3．He ______ against smoking, and insisted that it was beyond ________ that smoking is harmful to health．(argue)
frightening
frightened
frightened
applicants
applied
application
argued
argument
派生单词检测 4．Children will ask many questions _________ and we should answer them patiently to meet their _________．(curious)
5．Their___________ performance left a deep __________ on me．In other words，I was deeply__________ by their performance．(impress)
curiously
curiosity
impressive
impression
impressed
高频短语检测 one by one; in panic; keep an open mind ；go all out; refer to; look forward to; give...a hand
1．___________________，and you may just come across a better way of solving the difficult problem．
2．Your notes are excellent materials to ________ when you are studying for a test．
Keep an open mind
refer to
高频短语检测 3．I'm __________________ receiving your letter and hope you can tell me something about sports in your school．
4．Once we help each other, we can solve these difficult problems __________．
5．Whenever we see people in need of help, we should ____ them ______ immediately．
looking forward to
one by one
give
a hand
重点句式检测 1．(2021·全国甲卷)天气还是有点冷，他们不能到户外去。(too...to...)
It's still a little ___________________________ into the open．
2．因为还有很多工作要做，他没有被允许外出。(with复合结构)
________________________，he wasn't allowed to go out．
3．我正在公园里散步，这时一件不寻常的事引起了我的注意。(be doing sth．when ...)
I ______________________________something unusual caught my attention．
too cold for them to go out
With a lot of work to do
was taking a walk in the park when
考点探究归纳·多维讲练
02
词法探究
句法探究
1 curious [课本义]adj．好奇的 [增补义]adj．稀奇古怪，不寻常，求知欲强的
练中回想——语法填空
①(2022·全国乙卷) So，Mr．Peter Selz, I'd be curious _______(know) what were the early connections in your life that led you into the art field．
②As the boy looked at the box ___________,I had to open it just to satisfy his _________．(curious)
to know
curiously
curiosity
完美写作——咨询信佳句
③我迫切地想知道中国传统文化的哪些方面最能引起你的好奇心。
I am strongly eager to know _______________________________________________________________________．
which aspects of traditional Chinese culture
arouse your curiosity most
练后归纳——搭配拓展
?be curious about...对……感到好奇
?be curious to do sth．渴望做某事
?curiosity n．好奇心
?out of curiosity 出于好奇
?meet/satisfy one's curiosity 满足某人的好奇心
?with curiosity＝curiously 好奇地
语料输入——必备素材
curious behaviour怪异的举止
2 impression n．印象，感想
练中回想——语法填空
①(2022·全国甲卷) Antarctica left an __________ (impress) on me that no other place has．
②(2022·全国甲卷)With an __________(impress)2，000-seat concert hall, St David's Hall is home to the annual Welsh Proms Cardiff．
impression
impressive
完美写作——完成句子/句式升级
③I _________________(印象深刻)the beautiful scenery and forgot to go back home in time．
④_______________________________，I forgot to go back home in time．(过去分词短语作状语)
was impressed by
Impressed by the beautiful scenery
练后归纳——搭配拓展
?leave/make a(n)...impression on / upon sb．给某人留下……的印象
?impress sth．on/upon sb．使某人牢记某事
?be impressed by/at/with...对……印象深刻
?impressive adj．给人深刻印象的；感人的
语料输入——高考写作佳句背诵
What impressed me most was that they never lost heart when facing difficulties．
使我印象最为深刻的是他们面对困难时从不灰心。
3 argue [课本义]v．争论，争辩 [增补义]v．认为；说服
练中回想——语法填空/猜测黑体词的含义
①It was funny that the kids spent more time arguing___________ the rules than playing the game．
②I managed to argue her ____ taking a walk with me after supper．
③They strongly argue _______ going there next Sunday．
④I argue that everyone (should) make contributions to protecting the environment． ____
about/over
against
into
认为
完美写作——倡议书佳句
⑤_______________________ (这是无可争辩的事实) everyone has the responsibility to protect the environment．
It is beyond argument that
练后归纳——搭配拓展
?argue with sb．about/over sth．与某人争论某事
?argue for/against (doing) sth．为了争取/反对(做)……而争辩
?argue sb．into/out of doing sth．说服某人做/不做某事
?argue that...主张……，认为……
?argument n．论证；论据；争论；争吵
?beyond argument 无可争论
语料输入——必备素材
?argue for/against free university education 主张/反对免费大学教育
?find his argument convincing and interesting 发现他的观点既有说服力又有意思
4 apply [课本义] v．申请 [增补义]v．适用；专心于；运用，应用；涂；敷
练中回想——语法填空
①While her observations may be true about some men，they could hardly apply __ the entire gender．
②Apply yourself to_________ (study), and you will perform well in the exam．
to
studying
③You must hand in your ____________(apply) first if you want to apply for the job．
④Now educators are experimenting with ways ________ (apply) this model to academic subjects．
application
to apply
完美写作——申请信佳句
⑤I'm writing to ______________________________________________________ (申请成为中国画展览的志愿者)．
apply to you to be a volunteer for the Chinese Painting
Exhibition
练后归纳——搭配拓展
?apply (to ...) for(向……)申请
?apply to do sth．申请去做某事
?apply to适用于(to为介词)
?apply...to...把……运用于……
?apply oneself to 致力于，集中精力于
?application n．请求；申请，申请表；应用
?applicant n．申请人
语料输入——必备素材
?apply himself to his studies 专心于学习
?apply for the post of volunteer 申请志愿者这个职位
?apply to a university 向大学申请
练中回想——语法填空
①(2021·浙江卷)On August 5, the number of postcards __________(exchange) by members topped 31 million．
② Michel, an Italian bookseller, is offering free books to children in exchange ___ plastic bottles to recycle．
5 exchange [课本义] v．交流(信息、想法等) [增补义] v．交换 n．交换，交流
exchanged
for
完美写作——完成句子/句式升级
③They ____________________________________ (彼此交流想法和情感)．They probably acquire more knowledge through it．
④__________________________________________________________________________________________.(非限制性定语从句)
exchange ideas and feelings with each other
They exchange ideas and feelings with each other, through which they
probably acquire more knowledge
练后归纳——搭配拓展
?exchange...for...用……来交换……
?exchange sth．with sb．与某人交换某物
?in exchange for交换
?make an exchange 交换
语料输入——必备素材
?often exchange ideas with our parents 经常与我们的父母交流想法
?exchange a quick smile with her 与她会意一笑
?an exchange student from China 一名来自中国的交换生
练中回想——写出下列句中refer to的含义
①(2022·全国乙卷) What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to？ ______
②If necessary，you may refer to your notes while making a speech． ____
6 refer to[课本义]参考，查阅 [增补义]提到，谈到；指的是
指的是
查阅
③The scientist referred to global warming at least three times in his speech． ____
④People who work in offices are usually referred to as “white collar workers”．
______________
提到
把……称作……
完美写作·——建议信佳句
⑤另外，你应该做的是查阅一些相关资料。
Additionally，____________________________ some relevant data．
what you should do is refer to
练后归纳——搭配拓展
?refer to...as...把……称作……
?refer...to...把……提交给……
?reference n．提及；参考；查阅；提到
?reference book参考书；工具书
?reference library 工具书阅览室
?reference point 参照标准
?make reference...提到/谈及/写道……
?in/within reference to...(所述内容)关于……
语料输入——必备素材
?refer to a dictionary to check the spelling查一下词典看看拼写是否正确
?refer the matter to his teacher 把这个问题交给他的老师
练中回想——语法填空
①(2022·新高考卷Ⅰ) We are looking forward___ the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here．
②Over the past year, the local government was devoted to __________(prevent) the virus from spreading．
7 look forward to (兴奋地)期待，盼望
to
preventing
③As a matter of fact, he is opposed to _____________ (treat) like a child．
④In economic work，we should pay attention to _______ (open) up the source and regulating the flow from time to time．
being treated
opening
完美写作——申请信佳句
⑤I'd appreciate it if you could take my application into consideration．__________________________________________ (期待您的早日回复)．
I'm looking forward to (receiving)your early reply
练后归纳——搭配拓展
常见的含有介词to的短语还有：
?apply oneself to 专心致志于
?lead to/contribute to 导致/有助于
?be used/accustomed to习惯于
?adjust/adapt to适应
?object to/be opposed to反对
?pay attention to注意
?devote oneself to/be devoted to...致力于……
?get/settle down to开始认真做……
语料输入——必备素材
look forward to your reply at your convenience 期待着你在方便时答复
8 [教材原句]I was looking at the photos on the noticeboard when I heard a voice behind me．
我正在浏览公告牌上的照片，身后忽然传来一个声音。
练中回想——语法填空
①She had just finished her homework ____ her mother asked her to play the piano．
when
完美写作——完成续写片段
With the jar in my hands，I ②__________________________________
___________________ (正匆忙上楼梯，突然我的一只脚被绊住了)on one stair．Losing balance，I tried to steady myself，but in vain．The jar slipping through my fingers，it smashed on the hard-as-rock floor．③I__________________________________________________
_____________ (刚要去捡起地上的碎片这时)I heard my mom's voice，“What's happening？”
was walking upstairs in a hurry when one
of my feet was caught
was about to pick up/was on the point of picking up the
pieces when
练后归纳——句法分析
句中when是并列连词，相当于and then或and at the same time。还可用于以下句型：
?was /were about to do...when...
＝sb．was /were on the point of doing...when...正要做……这时(突然)……
?had just done...when...刚做完……这时(突然)……
语料输入——高考写作佳句背诵
I was on the point of giving up/was about to give up when my best friend encouraged me to go on．
我正要放弃，这时我最好的朋友鼓励我继续下去。
练中回想——语法填空
①(2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)With their father _______(help) them, the twins soon got the breakfast ready．
②(2020·新高考卷Ⅰ) With all the popcorn ____ (sell)out, Bernard felt a wave of happiness and appreciation．
③With an important class meeting _________(attend), I can't accompany you to the bookstore．
9 [教材原句]With butterflies in my stomach，I breathed deeply．
我心里七上八下、紧张五分，我深吸了一口气。
helping
sold
to attend
完美写作——读后续写之动作描写
④(2022·新高考卷Ⅰ) 大卫低着头坐在路边，一言不发。
____________________________________，David kept silent．
(with复合结构)
Sitting on the roadside with his head down
练后归纳——句法分析
with复合结构常作状语和定语，常见结构：
?with＋宾语＋doing (主动或正在进行的动作)
?with＋宾语＋done (被动或已完成的动作)
?with＋宾语＋to do (被动且尚未发出的动作)
?with＋宾语＋介词短语/形容词/副词(宾语的状态或位置)
语料输入——高考写作佳句背诵
(2022·浙江卷)With more time and energy put into the project, I finally presented our findings and we were awarded an A．
我在课题上投入了更多的时间和精力，最终提交了我们的研究成果，获得了A。
三层固基达标训练
03
层级一
层级二
层级三
Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空
1．(2022·全国乙卷)The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued(发布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation and cultural _________(exchange)．
2．An _________ (apply) must have a driver's license and access to a car．Gas will be covered for each delivery．
exchanges
applicant
3．They help us understand science subjects better and arouse our __________(curious) about scientific discoveries．
4．The university held a very __________ (impress) opening ceremony and all the students were very happy．
5．When this happens, the important thing is to try not to let a calm discussion turn into a heated ________(argue)．
6．You'd better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future _________(refer)．
curiosity
impressive
argument
reference
Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词
1．After the job interview, I waited outside for the result ____ butterflies in my stomach．
2．We are having a heated debate _____________ the effect of computers on children．
3．Since you don't know how to read the word, why not refer __ a dictionary
4．Every time the holidays come, the kids look forward __ being taken to the zoo．
with
on/over/about
to
to
Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空
1．(2022·新高考卷Ⅰ) She brought specially trained dogs to special education schools and helped children to build___________ (confident)．
2．(2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)The next minute, the porridge boiled over and put out the fire．Jenna ________(panic)．
confidence
panicked
3．The girl was so __________ (frighten) that she was in panic and held her breath．
4．The scenery was so beautiful that it was almost beyond ___________ (describe)．
frightened
description
Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词
1．Air pollution is an extremely serious problem, so strong measures should be taken to deal_____ it．
2．The peasants depend __ a good harvest for their very existence．
3．Every day Tom makes the most ___his time and puts his heart into his studies．
4．He spent the rest of the day __ panic, fearing Davis would tell his mother what he had done．
with
on
of
in
Ⅰ．熟词生义(选出黑体词在句中的汉语意思)
1．a．(2022·全国乙卷)That is the very likely future of applying today's “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis．_
C
b．(2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)Our roles in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt．Attach icing (糖霜) ears．Apply icing eyes and nose．Remove bunny from the belt．_
A．申请 B．用手压 C．运用；应用
B
2．(2021·全国乙卷)Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint．_
A．对……施加压力，强迫
B．使(机舱等)增压
C．挤压
A
3．(2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)As someone noted in this paper a couple of weeks ago, they eat great food and never gain weight．_
A．增加
B．(从……中)受益，获益
C．获得；赢得
A
Ⅱ．长难语句(分析句子的结构并翻译成汉语)
1．(2022·新高考卷Ⅰ) As a special education teacher at the school，I was familiar with the challenges David faced and was proud of his strong determination．
化繁为简本句是一个复合句。主句是I was familiar with the challenges and was proud of his strong determination；David faced为省略了关系代词的________。
[尝试翻译]作为学校里一名特殊教育老师，我了解大卫面对的挑战，并为他坚定的决心感到骄傲。
定语从句
2．(2021·全国甲卷)As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance (毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world．”
化繁为简本句是一个复合句。As a writer says为____________从句，后面的主句本身又是复合句，其中主句为future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune”；__________________who are able to change the world作定语，修饰先行词future geniuses。
[尝试翻译]正如一位作家所说，未来的天才来自那些“聪明、有创造力、有毅力和单纯好运的人，他们能够改变世界”。
非限制性定语
(非限制性)定语从句
三维提能培优训练
04
维度一
维度二
维度三
短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并背诵该短文。
My first day at senior high that I have been looking forward to 1．____(come) eventually．My new school makes a deep impression 2．__ me because it is nothing like my junior high school．When I arrived，the campus was so quiet that I could hear the sound I breathed,
came
on
so I decided 3．__________(explore) a bit．I was looking at the photos on the noticeboard 4．____ I heard a voice behind me．“New here？” 5．_______(turn) around，I saw a white-haired man，who was my English teacher．It was he who made me begin to be confident in English learning．
to explore
when
Turning
It's a tradition 6．____________(introduce) ourselves to each other one by one in the first class．Therefore, it was beyond 7．________ (argue) that everyone had an opportunity to show ourselves or give 8．_ description about the first impression of the new school．After that, our head teacher offered us some suggestions．For example, he encouraged us to apply to join in 9．_______(vary) activities in our school．He also advised us to buy a new English dictionary so that we could refer to it when learning English．I figure that it's worth following the good suggestions, because they will help me adapt 10．______(I) to high school life as soon as possible．
to introduce
argument
a
various
myself
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识完成满分作文
上周三你们有幸邀请到外籍教师Henry教授给高一(1)班的学生上了一堂英语课。假如你是校报记者李明，请你以 “An Impressive English Lesson”为题按下列提示写一篇新闻报道，内容包括：
1．Henry教授上课的情况；
2．学生们的表现和评价；
3．对英语学习的启示。
注意：词数80左右。
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
An Impressive English Lesson
On Wednesday of last week，we felt greatly honored to invite Prof．Henry to give a lesson to the students of Class One，Senior One．His class was organized in such a relaxing and interesting way that it left/made a deep impression on the students．
Prof．Henry had a free talk with the students in simple but humorous English．Greatly inspired，many students applied themselves to his class．The students interviewed by us thought highly of his class and looked forward to listening to his lesson again．
Not only does this lesson arouse our interest in learning English，but it also strengthens our confidence in learning it well．
表达人物的“喜乐”(一)
Step 1．储备词汇(记牢本单元可用于描写的词汇)
单词 pleased，pleasant，pleasure，glad，enjoyable，enjoyment，happy，delighted，cheerful，cheerfully，overjoyed，happily，gladly，joyfully，merrily, delight，joy，happiness
短语 ①to one's delight/joy/entertainment 令某人开心的是 ②be seized by joy/be overcome with happiness 非常高兴 ③be wild with joy 欣喜若狂 ④dance for/with joy 高兴得手舞足蹈 ⑤in a good mood 心情很好
Step 2．尝试练笔(翻译下面的续写语句)
用表示“高兴”的表达和其他描写手法补全下列句子
①得知孩子们的想法，梅瑞迪斯老师很高兴，她愉快地笑了起来。
Learning the children's idea, Mrs．Meredith was ___________________________________________________________________________．
(so...that...)
so pleased /
glad/happy /delighted /cheerful/overjoyed that she smiled brightly
②孩子们开始高兴地准备爆米花。
The children _________________________________________________________________．
③他们带着一篮子爆米花兴高采烈地前往伯纳德家告诉他这个好计划。
With a basket of popcorn, they _________________________________ to share with Bernard the good plan．
got down to preparing popcorn happily /cheerfully /
joyfully /merrily
left for the Bernard's cheerfully
④听到他们的话，伯纳德高兴得几乎跳了起来，他热泪盈眶。
Hearing what they said, Bernard was ________________________________________________________________________________．(so...that...；with复合结构)
⑤他的父母看到那篮爆米花，也欣喜若狂。
At the sight of the basket of popcorn, his parents______________________________________________．
so delighted /glad/ happy /pleased
/cheerful that he almost jumped up, with tears filling his eyes
were also seized with
happiness/wild with joy
⑥使他非常开心的是，爆米花很好吃，因此很快就卖光了。
_________________________________________________________________________________，the popcorn was so tasty that it soon sold out．(介词短语)
Much to his delight/joy/happiness/pleasure/To his great delight /joy /
happiness /pleasure续写语料积累 背诵·句之美 1．(行为描写)(2022·新高考卷Ⅰ)Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road． 2．(心理描写)(2022·全国甲卷)Their companionship was nearly enough to keep my loneliness at bay． 3．(人物描写)(2020·天津卷)...there are too many extremely lonely people in his community, who are easy targets of cheating．
欣赏·语之秀 (2022·新高考卷Ⅰ)The sky was clear when we headed off, but storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly interrupted our peaceful morning trip．The afwind picked up and thunder rolled．My husband stopped fishing to start the motor．
核心单词检测 1．The telephones are manned 24 hours a day by volunteers (volunteer)． 2．(2022·全国乙卷) Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact (联系) and share with one another．With busy schedules(schedule)，squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge． 3．(2022·浙江1月卷) Finally，my hard work paid off—we were awarded (award) an A，which gave me great satisfaction． 4．(2022·浙江1月卷)Travelling to conferences，lectures，workshops，and the like—frequently by plane—is viewed/has been viewed (view)as important for scientists to get together and exchange information． 5．(2022·新高考卷Ⅰ) The GPNP's main goal is to improve(improve) connectivity between separate populations and homes of giant pandas...
派生单词检测 1．After seeing the frightening film, the frightened boy was too frightened to walk home alone in the dark．(frighten) 2．All applicants who have applied for the job must hand in the application forms before next Monday．(apply) 3．He argued against smoking, and insisted that it was beyond argument that smoking is harmful to health．(argue) 4．Children will ask many questions curiously and we should answer them patiently to meet their curiosity．(curious) 5．Their impressive performance left a deep impression on me．In other words，I was deeply impressed by their performance．(impress)
高频短语检测 one by one; in panic; keep an open mind ；go all out; refer to; look forward to; give...a hand
1．Keep an open mind, and you may just come across a better way of solving the difficult problem． 2．Your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are studying for a test． 3．I'm looking forward to receiving your letter and hope you can tell me something about sports in your school． 4．Once we help each other, we can solve these difficult problems one by one． 5．Whenever we see people in need of help, we should give them a hand immediately．
重点句式检测 1．(2021·全国甲卷)天气还是有点冷，他们不能到户外去。(too...to...) It's still a little too cold for them to go out into the open． 2．因为还有很多工作要做，他没有被允许外出。(with复合结构) With a lot of work to do，he wasn't allowed to go out． 3．我正在公园里散步，这时一件不寻常的事引起了我的注意。(be doing sth．when ...) I was taking a walk in the park when something unusual caught my attention．
1 curious [课本义]adj．好奇的 [增补义]adj．稀奇古怪，不寻常，求知欲强的
①(2022·全国乙卷) So，Mr．Peter Selz, I'd be curious to know(know) what were the early connections in your life that led you into the art field．
②As the boy looked at the box curiously, I had to open it just to satisfy his curiosity．(curious)
③我迫切地想知道中国传统文化的哪些方面最能引起你的好奇心。
I am strongly eager to know which aspects of traditional Chinese culture arouse your curiosity most．
?be curious about...对……感到好奇
?be curious to do sth．渴望做某事
?curiosity n．好奇心
?out of curiosity 出于好奇
?meet/satisfy one's curiosity 满足某人的好奇心
?with curiosity＝curiously 好奇地
curious behaviour怪异的举止
2 impression n．印象，感想
①(2022·全国甲卷) Antarctica left an impression (impress) on me that no other place has．
②(2022·全国甲卷)With an impressive(impress)2，000-seat concert hall, St David's Hall is home to the annual Welsh Proms Cardiff．
③I was impressed by (印象深刻)the beautiful scenery and forgot to go back home in time．
④Impressed by the beautiful scenery, I forgot to go back home in time．(过去分词短语作状语)
?leave/make a(n)...impression on / upon sb．给某人留下……的印象
?impress sth．on/upon sb．使某人牢记某事
?be impressed by/at/with...对……印象深刻
?impressive adj．给人深刻印象的；感人的
What impressed me most was that they never lost heart when facing difficulties．
使我印象最为深刻的是他们面对困难时从不灰心。
3 argue [课本义]v．争论，争辩 [增补义]v．认为；说服
①It was funny that the kids spent more time arguing about/over the rules than playing the game．
②I managed to argue her into taking a walk with me after supper．
③They strongly argue against going there next Sunday．
④I argue that everyone (should) make contributions to protecting the environment． 认为
⑤It is beyond argument that(这是无可争辩的事实) everyone has the responsibility to protect the environment．
?argue with sb．about/over sth．与某人争论某事
?argue for/against (doing) sth．为了争取/反对(做)……而争辩
?argue sb．into/out of doing sth．说服某人做/不做某事
?argue that...主张……，认为……
?argument n．论证；论据；争论；争吵
?beyond argument 无可争论
?argue for/against free university education 主张/反对免费大学教育
?find his argument convincing and interesting 发现他的观点既有说服力又有意思
4 apply [课本义] v．申请 [增补义]v．适用；专心于；运用，应用；涂；敷
①While her observations may be true about some men，they could hardly apply to the entire gender．
②Apply yourself to studying (study), and you will perform well in the exam．
③You must hand in your application(apply) first if you want to apply for the job．
④Now educators are experimenting with ways to apply (apply) this model to academic subjects．
⑤I'm writing to apply to you to be a volunteer for the Chinese Painting Exhibition(申请成为中国画展览的志愿者)．
?apply (to ...) for(向……)申请
?apply to do sth．申请去做某事
?apply to适用于(to为介词)
?apply...to...把……运用于……
?apply oneself to 致力于，集中精力于
?application n．请求；申请，申请表；应用
?applicant n．申请人
?apply himself to his studies 专心于学习
?apply for the post of volunteer 申请志愿者这个职位
?apply to a university 向大学申请
5 exchange [课本义] v．交流(信息、想法等) [增补义] v．交换 n．交换，交流
①(2021·浙江卷)On August 5, the number of postcards exchanged (exchange) by members topped 31 million．
② Michel, an Italian bookseller, is offering free books to children in exchange for plastic bottles to recycle．
③They exchange ideas and feelings with each other(彼此交流想法和情感)．They probably acquire more knowledge through it．
④They exchange ideas and feelings with each other, through which they probably acquire more knowledge．(非限制性定语从句)
?exchange...for...用……来交换……
?exchange sth．with sb．与某人交换某物
?in exchange for交换
?make an exchange 交换
?often exchange ideas with our parents 经常与我们的父母交流想法
?exchange a quick smile with her 与她会意一笑
?an exchange student from China 一名来自中国的交换生
6 refer to[课本义]参考，查阅 [增补义]提到，谈到；指的是
①(2022·全国乙卷) What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to？ 指的是
②If necessary，you may refer to your notes while making a speech． 查阅
③The scientist referred to global warming at least three times in his speech． 提到
④People who work in offices are usually referred to as “white collar workers”．
把……称作……
⑤另外，你应该做的是查阅一些相关资料。
Additionally，what you should do is refer to some relevant data．
?refer to...as...把……称作……
?refer...to...把……提交给……
?reference n．提及；参考；查阅；提到
?reference book参考书；工具书
?reference library 工具书阅览室
?reference point 参照标准
?make reference...提到/谈及/写道……
?in/within reference to...(所述内容)关于……
?refer to a dictionary to check the spelling查一下词典看看拼写是否正确
?refer the matter to his teacher 把这个问题交给他的老师
7 look forward to (兴奋地)期待，盼望
①(2022·新高考卷Ⅰ) We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here．
②Over the past year, the local government was devoted to preventing(prevent) the virus from spreading．
③As a matter of fact, he is opposed to being treated (treat) like a child．
④In economic work，we should pay attention to opening (open) up the source and regulating the flow from time to time．
⑤I'd appreciate it if you could take my application into consideration．I'm looking forward to (receiving)your early reply(期待您的早日回复)．
常见的含有介词to的短语还有：
?apply oneself to 专心致志于
?lead to/contribute to 导致/有助于
?be used/accustomed to习惯于
?adjust/adapt to适应
?object to/be opposed to反对
?pay attention to注意
?devote oneself to/be devoted to...致力于……
?get/settle down to开始认真做……
look forward to your reply at your convenience 期待着你在方便时答复
8 [教材原句]I was looking at the photos on the noticeboard when I heard a voice behind me． 我正在浏览公告牌上的照片，身后忽然传来一个声音。
①She had just finished her homework when her mother asked her to play the piano．
With the jar in my hands，I ②was walking upstairs in a hurry when one of my feet was caught (正匆忙上楼梯，突然我的一只脚被绊住了)on one stair．Losing balance，I tried to steady myself，but in vain．The jar slipping through my fingers，it smashed on the hard-as-rock floor．③I was about to pick up/was on the point of picking up the pieces when (刚要去捡起地上的碎片这时)I heard my mom's voice，“What's happening？”
句中when是并列连词，相当于and then或and at the same time。还可用于以下句型：
?was /were about to do...when...
＝sb．was /were on the point of doing...when...正要做……这时(突然)……
?had just done...when...刚做完……这时(突然)……
I was on the point of giving up/was about to give up when my best friend encouraged me to go on．
我正要放弃，这时我最好的朋友鼓励我继续下去。
9 [教材原句]With butterflies in my stomach，I breathed deeply． 我心里七上八下、紧张五分，我深吸了一口气。
①(2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)With their father helping(help) them, the twins soon got the breakfast ready．
②(2020·新高考卷Ⅰ) With all the popcorn sold (sell)out, Bernard felt a wave of happiness and appreciation．
③With an important class meeting to attend(attend), I can't accompany you to the bookstore．
④(2022·新高考卷Ⅰ) 大卫低着头坐在路边，一言不发。
Sitting on the roadside with his head down，David kept silent．(with复合结构)
with复合结构常作状语和定语，常见结构：
?with＋宾语＋doing (主动或正在进行的动作)
?with＋宾语＋done (被动或已完成的动作)
?with＋宾语＋to do (被动且尚未发出的动作)
?with＋宾语＋介词短语/形容词/副词(宾语的状态或位置)
(2022·浙江卷)With more time and energy put into the project, I finally presented our findings and we were awarded an A．
我在课题上投入了更多的时间和精力，最终提交了我们的研究成果，获得了A。
Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空
1．(2022·全国乙卷)The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued(发布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation and cultural exchanges(exchange)．
2．An applicant (apply) must have a driver's license and access to a car．Gas will be covered for each delivery．
3．They help us understand science subjects better and arouse our curiosity (curious) about scientific discoveries．
4．The university held a very impressive (impress) opening ceremony and all the students were very happy．
5．When this happens, the important thing is to try not to let a calm discussion turn into a heated argument(argue)．
6．You'd better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future reference(refer)．
Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词
1．After the job interview, I waited outside for the result with butterflies in my stomach．
2．We are having a heated debate on/over/about the effect of computers on children．
3．Since you don't know how to read the word, why not refer to a dictionary
4．Every time the holidays come, the kids look forward to being taken to the zoo．
Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空
1．(2022·新高考卷Ⅰ) She brought specially trained dogs to special education schools and helped children to build confidence (confident)．
2．(2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)The next minute, the porridge boiled over and put out the fire．Jenna panicked(panic)．
3．The girl was so frightened (frighten) that she was in panic and held her breath．
4．The scenery was so beautiful that it was almost beyond description (describe)．
Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词
1．Air pollution is an extremely serious problem, so strong measures should be taken to deal with it．
2．The peasants depend on a good harvest for their very existence．
3．Every day Tom makes the most of his time and puts his heart into his studies．
4．He spent the rest of the day in panic, fearing Davis would tell his mother what he had done．
Ⅰ．熟词生义(选出黑体词在句中的汉语意思)
1．a．(2022·全国乙卷)That is the very likely future of applying today's “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis．C
b．(2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)Our roles in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt．Attach icing (糖霜) ears．Apply icing eyes and nose．Remove bunny from the belt．B
A．申请 B．用手压 C．运用；应用
2．(2021·全国乙卷)Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint．A
A．对……施加压力，强迫
B．使(机舱等)增压
C．挤压
3．(2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)As someone noted in this paper a couple of weeks ago, they eat great food and never gain weight．A
A．增加
B．(从……中)受益，获益
C．获得；赢得
Ⅱ．长难语句(分析句子的结构并翻译成汉语)
1．(2022·新高考卷Ⅰ) As a special education teacher at the school，I was familiar with the challenges David faced and was proud of his strong determination．
本句是一个复合句。主句是I was familiar with the challenges and was proud of his strong determination；David faced为省略了关系代词的定语从句。
[尝试翻译]作为学校里一名特殊教育老师，我了解大卫面对的挑战，并为他坚定的决心感到骄傲。
2．(2021·全国甲卷)As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance (毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world．”
本句是一个复合句。As a writer says为非限制性定语从句，后面的主句本身又是复合句，其中主句为future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune”；(非限制性)定语从句who are able to change the world作定语，修饰先行词future geniuses。
[尝试翻译]正如一位作家所说，未来的天才来自那些“聪明、有创造力、有毅力和单纯好运的人，他们能够改变世界”。
短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并背诵该短文。
My first day at senior high that I have been looking forward to 1．came(come) eventually．My new school makes a deep impression 2．on me because it is nothing like my junior high school．When I arrived，the campus was so quiet that I could hear the sound I breathed, so I decided 3．to explore(explore) a bit．I was looking at the photos on the noticeboard 4．when I heard a voice behind me．“New here？” 5．Turning(turn) around，I saw a white-haired man，who was my English teacher．It was he who made me begin to be confident in English learning．
It's a tradition 6．to introduce(introduce) ourselves to each other one by one in the first class．Therefore, it was beyond 7．argument (argue) that everyone had an opportunity to show ourselves or give 8．a description about the first impression of the new school．After that, our head teacher offered us some suggestions．For example, he encouraged us to apply to join in 9．various(vary) activities in our school．He also advised us to buy a new English dictionary so that we could refer to it when learning English．I figure that it's worth following the good suggestions, because they will help me adapt 10．myself(I) to high school life as soon as possible．
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识完成满分作文
上周三你们有幸邀请到外籍教师Henry教授给高一(1)班的学生上了一堂英语课。假如你是校报记者李明，请你以 “An Impressive English Lesson”为题按下列提示写一篇新闻报道，内容包括：
1．Henry教授上课的情况；
2．学生们的表现和评价；
3．对英语学习的启示。
注意：词数80左右。
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
An Impressive English Lesson
On Wednesday of last week，we felt greatly honored to invite Prof．Henry to give a lesson to the students of Class One，Senior One．His class was organized in such a relaxing and interesting way that it left/made a deep impression on the students．
Prof．Henry had a free talk with the students in simple but humorous English．Greatly inspired，many students applied themselves to his class．The students interviewed by us thought highly of his class and looked forward to listening to his lesson again．
Not only does this lesson arouse our interest in learning English，but it also strengthens our confidence in learning it well．
表达人物的“喜乐”(一)
Step 1．储备词汇(记牢本单元可用于描写的词汇)
单词 pleased，pleasant，pleasure，glad，enjoyable，enjoyment，happy，delighted，cheerful，cheerfully，overjoyed，happily，gladly，joyfully，merrily, delight，joy，happiness
短语 ①to one's delight/joy/entertainment 令某人开心的是 ②be seized by joy/be overcome with happiness 非常高兴 ③be wild with joy 欣喜若狂 ④dance for/with joy 高兴得手舞足蹈 ⑤in a good mood 心情很好
Step 2．尝试练笔(翻译下面的续写语句)
用表示“高兴”的表达和其他描写手法补全下列句子
①得知孩子们的想法，梅瑞迪斯老师很高兴，她愉快地笑了起来。
Learning the children's idea, Mrs．Meredith was so pleased /glad/happy /delighted /cheerful/overjoyed that she smiled brightly．(so...that...)
②孩子们开始高兴地准备爆米花。
The children got down to preparing popcorn happily /cheerfully /joyfully /merrily．
③他们带着一篮子爆米花兴高采烈地前往伯纳德家告诉他这个好计划。
With a basket of popcorn, they left for the Bernard's cheerfully to share with Bernard the good plan．
④听到他们的话，伯纳德高兴得几乎跳了起来，他热泪盈眶。
Hearing what they said, Bernard was so delighted /glad/ happy /pleased /cheerful that he almost jumped up, with tears filling his eyes．(so...that...；with复合结构)
⑤他的父母看到那篮爆米花，也欣喜若狂。
At the sight of the basket of popcorn, his parents were also seized with happiness/wild with joy．
⑥使他非常开心的是，爆米花很好吃，因此很快就卖光了。
Much to his delight/joy/happiness/pleasure/To his great delight /joy /happiness /pleasure, the popcorn was so tasty that it soon sold out．(介词短语)
课时分层作业(一)
Ⅰ．阅读理解
A 篇
(2022·河北省六校第一次联考)
Nobody says school is easy．Studying is difficult，which is memorizing information for a test．Fortunately，there are books that can help you to make dealing with school easier．
Unlimited Memory by Kevin Horsley
This book is a bestseller in memory improvement．It has strategies to help you learn faster，become more productive and of course，have a good memory outside the classroom as well．Really，this is a great book for life in general．
On Course by Skip Downing
It is another book worth reading．In its eighth edition，the book provides self-assessment tools to help identify what is needed to change for academic success．It contains guided journal entries to help readers with responsibility，self-management，self-awareness，learning and self-esteem．
Student's Guide to Writing College Papers by Kate L．Turabian
Many students reach college and find that essay writing in college is very different from that in high school．Whether this is the case or not，Student's Guide to Writing College Papers is a perfect choice for those who want to improve writing skills．It's available on Kindle or in hardback or paperback forms．Right now，this one is its fourth edition．The book covers writing actual papers，citing sources，and style．
How to Become a Straight-A Student by Cal Newport
The book came out in 2006．It enjoys great popularity among learners all over the world．The book deals with different approaches and strategies to help achieve good academic performance but spend less time on studying．With it you will become smarter．It's available on Kindle and in audio books and paperback forms．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四本让学习变得更容易的书。
1．What do you know about Unlimited Memory
A．It is written by Kate L．Turabian．
B．It is popular and sells best．
C．It helps to produce more works．
D．It is practical in daily life．
D [细节理解题。根据第二段尾句中的“this is a great book for life in general”可知，这本书在日常生活中很实用，故D项正确。]
2．What do the last two books have in common
A．They have various forms．
B．They are world-famous books．
C．They were published 15 years ago．
D．They mainly focus on improving writing skills．
A [细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第三句“It's available...paperback forms．”和尾段尾句“It's available...paperback forms．”可知，最后两本书的共同点是它们都有多种形式的版本，故A项正确。]
3．Who are the intended readers
A．Parents． B．Children．
C．Teachers． D．Students．
D [推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了四本让学习变得更容易的书，据此可以推断，这些书的目标读者是学生，故D项正确。]
篇
(2022·开封市二模)
African penguins bear the unfortunate nickname “jackass penguins” because they communicate through donkey-like calls，but a new study suggests that their jackass language actually follows the same basic linguistic rules as ours．
In a new study，researchers recorded nearly 600 voices from 28 adult male penguins．The scientists knew from previous research that African penguins talked using three types of sounds，similar to human syllables．But the researchers wanted to know whether those “syllables” followed two common linguistic rules．
One of those rules，called Zipf's law，was presented by linguist George Zipf．It states that the more frequently a word is used in any language，the shorter it tends to be (think of words like “the”，“to” and “of” in English)．Previous studies have analyzed more than 1，000 world languages for evidence of Zipf's law，and the rule holds up in all of them．
The other rule，known as the Menzerath-Altmann law，says that the longer a word is，the shorter its syllables are，while shorter words are more likely to have longer syllables．A syllable is a word or a part of a word that has only one vowel．For example，“son” has one syllable and “father” has two syllables．According to the law，the word “onomatopoeia” is made up of six very short syllables，while “couch” is made up of one longer one．Earlier studies have shown that non-human primates (灵长目动物) follow both these rules when they communicate with each other，but what about jackass penguins？The researchers in the new study found that the songs of the male jackass penguin follow both Zipf's and Menzerath's laws：The shortest calls tended to be the most common，and the longest phrases were made up of the shortest syllables．
This jackass study provided the first non-human primate evidence that these common linguistic patterns apply to other species in the animal kingdom．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。最新研究发现非洲企鹅的语言和人类的基本语言规则相同，它们也遵循Zipf和Menzerath-Altmann定律。
4．How does Zipf's law explain the words like “big”，“or” and “as”？
A．They let people think of shorter words．
B．They are commonly used and thus short．
C．They are frequently replaced by other words．
D．They have only one meaning and are less important．
B [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“One of those rules...tends to be”可知，一个单词被用得越频繁，它就会越短。故“big”“or”和“as”等简短的词用Zipf定律来解释就是这些词由于被经常使用，因此也短一些，故B项正确。]
5．What does the Menzerath-Altmann law show
A．The link between longer words and shorter words．
B．The link between longer syllables and shorter syllables．
C．The link between a word's pronunciation and its vowels．
D．The link between a word's length and its syllables' length．
D [细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Menzerath-Altmann law...to have longer syllables”可知，Menzerath-Altmann定律主要研究了单词长度和音节长度之间的联系，故D项正确。]
6．What is the last paragraph mainly about
A．The limitation of the study．
B．The importance of the study．
C．The development of linguistic patterns．
D．The doubt about animals' language abilities．
B [段落大意题。根据最后一段的内容尤其是“provided the first non-human primate evidence”可知，本段主要讲述了本次研究提供了第一份非人灵长目动物证据，证明这些常见的语言模式也适用于动物王国中的其他物种。故最后一段讲述的是本次研究的重要性，故B项正确。]
7．What can be the best title for this text
A．Humans and Animals Share Similar Sounds
B．Jackass Penguins Make Three Types of Sounds
C．Scientists Have Made a New Discovery about Syllables
D．African Penguins' Talk Follows the Same Rules as Human Speech
D [标题归纳题。本文讲述了一项新的研究结果。根据第一段中的“a new study...linguistic rules as ours”可知，本文主要讲述了非洲企鹅的语言规则遵循人类的基本语言规则，故D项适合作本文的标题。]
篇
(2022·河南省高考适应性测试)
As the daughter of immigrants，Vanida Chanthaphone's primary language at home was Lao．At 5，she learned to speak English．But she didn't know how to read and write — let alone how to fit in at school or communicate with classmates．Mrs Lewis，Chanthaphone's second-grade teacher，changed everything．She taught her students that it was OK if they did not know English and that it was all right for them to use words in their home language to explain how they were feeling or thinking．Chanthaphone got more and more confidence and wanted to do what her teacher did in the future．
Now，at 26，Chanthaphone is an English teacher at Fort Worth ISDs William Monnig Middle School．Like Mrs．Lewis，Chanthaphone aims to help her non-English-speaking students to gain the confidence they need to fulfill their potential in life．
At the beginning of each school year，Chanthaphone recounts her story to her new classes．She tells them she knows what it feels like not to want to participate in class．She reminds them that she once sat in her seat like them and felt different because of her upbringing．But she stresses that's what makes each of them special．
Her students，though，are usually unconvinced．She has to take out photos of her graduating college and tell them about her parents and what her school was like．Then it finally clicks．
In the classroom，Chanthaphone allows students to communicate in whichever way they feel most comfortable．For some，it may be raising their hands and voicing their thoughts．For others，it may be writing their thoughts on a piece of paper and handing it to Chanthaphone．
However，Chanthaphone does encourage her students to go out of their comfort zone．She wants them to work with students they don't know because teamwork and collaboration (协作) with unfamiliar people are important．
“I've always wanted to be the teacher who supports students and advocates them in and outside the classroom，” Chanthaphone said．“When I get notes or see posts on social media from parents talking about previous teachers，including me，I feel like my goal has been completed．”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。Vanida Chanthaphone讲老挝语，不会用英语阅读和写作。在Lewis老师的鼓励下，她对学习有了信心，后来也成了一名老师。她以Lewis老师为榜样，允许学生以让他们自己感到舒服的任何方式进行交流，并鼓励他们走出舒适圈，与自己不熟悉的人合作。
8．What do we know about Mrs Lewis
A．She is ambitious．
B．She is inspiring．
C．She is knowledgeable．
D．She is demanding．
B [推理判断题。根据第一段的最后两句“She taught her students ...did in the future．”可知，Lewis老师鼓励她的学生用母语来表达他们的感受或想法，这使得Chanthaphone对学习英语越来越有信心，并打算在将来也当一句老师。据此可以推知，Lewis老师是鼓舞人心的。]
9．Why does Chanthaphone tell her schooling experience to her new students
A．To make a good beginning of her class．
B．To make herself well-known to her students．
C．To encourage her students to be confident．
D．To push the students to voice their thoughts．
C [细节理解题。根据第二段尾句“Like Mrs Lewis ...potential in life．”可知，Chanthaphone的目的是帮助那些母语为非英语的学生获得他们在生活中发挥潜能所需要的信心。再结合第三段首句可知，Chanthaphone在课堂上讲述自己的经历旨在鼓励她的学生树立信心。]
10．What does Chanthaphone focus on in class
A．Students' strong curiosity．
B．Students' mental health．
C．Students' unique talent．
D．Students' communicating ability．
D [细节理解题。根据第六段尾句“She wants them to work with students they don't know...are important．”可知，Chanthaphone希望他们与不认识的学生合作，因为团队合作和与不熟悉的人协作很重要。据此可知，她很重视课堂上学生的沟通能力。]
11．What can be the best title for the text
A．I Was Once Like You
B．You Are the Only One
C．No One Can Say No to You
D．Everything Can Be Possible
A [标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了Chanthaphone不会用英语阅读和写作，在Lewis老师的鼓励下对学习充满信心，最后也成了一名老师，像她的老师那样去鼓励学生要对自己和学习充满信心的故事。据此可知，A项“我曾和你一样”最适合作本文标题。]
Ⅱ．完形填空
(2022·潍坊市阶段性监测)
The car that I bought just three months ago wouldn't start the other day．The factory battery that 1 along with it decided that it had worked long enough and 2 to take an early，permanent retirement．My 3 neighbor gave me jump leads but the battery stubbornly wouldn't 4 the charge．After getting more jump leads，I 5 to the local auto parts store to buy a new one．Installing (安装) it was much more 6 than we thought，so I took it to a local mechanic who finally got the new battery in and the car 7 once again．
Driving it this morning，though，I 8 that the time and the date on the screen in the dashboard (仪表板) had 9 gone back to nine years ago，resetting themself to the 10 time and the date of the first time it was started．While my son smartly figured out how to 11 it back to today，I thought about all the times I had wished I could go back in time and undo some of the 12 and missteps I had taken in my own life．
Yes，many of my choices brought me 13 in the past，but they have also brought me wisdom for the present．When you 14 your own life，don't regret the roads not taken．Instead，be 15 with the path you are on，the things you have learned，and the love you have shared．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者三个月前买的汽车因为电池工作时间太久而无法启动。在换了新电池后，仪表板上的时间回到了车子第一次被启动的时间。作者由此回想起以前的种种，认为不必为曾经未做的事遗憾终身，而要对当前的选择心存喜悦。
1．A．came B．waited
C．left D．raced
A [根据常识可知，电池是买汽车时汽车自带的，已经工作了很长时间。come along with“随同，和……一起来”。]
2．A．planned B．refused
C．chose D．managed
C [根据该句中的“to take an early，permanent retirement”可知，这个电池已经用了太久，选择提前退休。C项“选择”。]
3．A．easy-going B．kind-hearted
C．hard-working D．good-tempered
B [根据该句中的“gave me jump leads”可知，邻居是一位热心肠的人。B项“好心的”，故B项正确。A项“随和的”；C项“勤奋的”；D项“脾气好的”，都与语境不符。]
4．A．lead B．take
C．offer D．hold
D [根据该句中表转折的连词“but”可知，虽然邻居帮忙了，但是电池还是充不进电。hold表示“保存，存贮”，故D项正确。]
5．A．welcomed B．headed
C．returned D．got
B [根据该句中的“to buy a new one”可知，我朝着当地的汽车配件商店走去；head to“朝某地走去”。]
6．A．complex B．vital
C．efficient D．accurate
A [根据该句中的“so I took it...once again”可知，安装电池远比我想象的要复杂，所以我把它拿到一个当地的机械修理工那里了。A项“复杂的”，故A项正确。]
7．A．switching B．jumping
C．running D．shaking
C [根据该句中的“who finally got the new battery in”可知，机械修理工帮助他安装好了电池，据此可以推知，汽车可以再次跑起来。]
8．A．guessed B．remembered
C．expected D．noticed
D [根据该句中的“that the time and the date on the screen in the dashboard”可知，我注意到了仪表板上的时间和日期；D项“看(或听)到；注意到……”，故D项正确。]
9．A．suddenly B．slightly
C．casually D．secretly
A [根据常识可知，装新电池后，仪表板上的时间会突然回到车子第一次被启动的时间。A项“突然”，故A项正确。]
10．A．final B．original
C．special D．temporary
B [参见上题解析。B项“起初的；最早的；原来的”，故B项正确。]
11．A．bring B．program
C．call D．drive
B [根据语境可知，我的儿子聪明地弄清楚了如何将时间设定到今天；B项“设定(机器、系统等的)程序”，故B项正确。]
12．A．attempts B．effects
C．mistakes D．changes
C [根据该句中的“and missteps”可知，空处和“missteps”呼应；结合全句内容可知，我很希望能够回到过去，消除在生活中犯下的一些错误和失误。C项“错误”。]
13．A．damage B．pain
C．peace D．convenience
B [根据该句中的“but they have also brought me wisdom for the present”，再结合常识可知，我的许多选择在过去给我带来了痛苦，但它们也给现在带来了智慧。B项“痛苦”，故B项正确。]
14．A．look at B．come out of
C．focus on D．take control of
A [根据该句中的“don't regret the roads not taken”可知，当你审视自己的人生时，不要后悔没有走的路。A项“看；仔细地考虑；浏览”，故A项正确。B项“由……产生”；C项“集中”；D项“控制”，都与语境不符。]
15．A．faced B．patient
C．strict D．pleased
D [根据该句中的“Instead”可知，下文与前文构成转折关系，即不要对没有选择的路遗憾，而要对当前的路心存喜悦。D项“高兴；愉快；满意”，故D项正确。]
Ⅲ．应用文写作
(2022·长春市质检一)
你校正在组织英语作文比赛，请以“A role model to learn from”为题，写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：
1．榜样的优秀品质；
2．获得的启示。
注意：1．词数80左右；
2．题目已为你写好。
A role model to learn from
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
A role model to learn from
A role model for me to learn from is Tu Youyou，a researcher in medicine，who has a positive influence on my growth．
I read about her winning the Nobel Prize in a magazine．What impressed me most was that she and her team examined over 2，000 old medical texts and evaluated 280，000 plants．Having failed numerous times，they finally succeeded．
I learn from her that only with devotion and persistence can we overcome difficulties and make a contribution to society．
