(共76张PPT)
教材知识讲练
必修二册
Unit 6 Earth first
续写语料积累 背诵·句之美
1．(行为描写)(2020·新高考卷Ⅱ)Pulling up to the building, Grant saw flames (火焰) shooting out of a second-floor window．
2．(心理描写)(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)But like anyone for whom you feel affection, customers can also drive you mad．
3．(景物描写)(2022·广州市调研测试)A blazing sun was rising over the blue ocean．
续写语料积累 欣赏·语之秀
(2022·扬州中学检测)Snowflakes dancing in the sky, it was an awfully cold winter．Mary felt as gray as the sky outside．She struggled to get by the tough winter because her bills went up while her income went down．
语基自查自测·巩固验收
01
核
心
单
词
检
测 1．(2022·全国甲卷) June 8th was officially named by the UN in 2009 as World Oceans Day．It aims to raise people's awareness of protecting ______(ocean)．
2．(2022·新高考卷Ⅰ) It's jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away—from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large _______(amount) of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans．
oceans
amounts
核
心
单
词
检
测 3．Two buildings were destroyed and many others _______ (damage) in our village．
4．(2020·天津5月卷)We're ______ (scare) of the things that we don't understand．
5．(2020·天津卷)Libraries will often hold reading-group sessions ________(target) to various age groups．
damaged
scared
targeted
派生单词检测 1．She was _______ treated．The _______ of his words cut her like a knife．(cruel)
2．The ___________ made a substantial ____________ to charity．(contribute)
3．The _______ doctor _______ himself to saving his patients' lives, and his ________ deserves our respect．(devote)
cruelly
cruelty
contributor
contribution
devoted
devotes
devotion
派生单词检测 4．Flu is highly __________ so you should not be exposed to _________．(infect)
5．__________ about the health development of students，the headmaster made a speech __________ how to form good habits．(concern)
infectious
infection
Concerned
concerning
高频短语检测 mistake...for，break down，have an effect upon，due to，take...into account，be scared of，cut off，in fear
1．(2021·全国乙卷)______ the growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types of trips are now being classified as ecotourism．
2．Without access to the Internet, they found themselves _______ from the outside world．
Due to
cut off
高频短语检测 3．Is it the years when you worked in the factory that ___________________ your personality
4．I'd appreciate it if you can _____my suggestions___________．
I do hope my tips will be helpful to you．
5．Though the program was well-designed，cooperation between the two companies eventually __________ because neither of them was willing to make a compromise．
have an effect upon
take
into account
broke down
重点句式检测 1．(2021·全国甲卷)我们绕着西安城墙走了大约3个小时。(take)
__________________________ all the way around the Xi'an City Wall．
2．孩子们爬到了山顶，筋疲力尽。(形容词作状语)
The children climbed up to the top of the mountain, ___________________．
It took us about 3 hours to go
tired and exhausted
重点句式检测 3．杰西卡付出了以前三倍的时间和精力，所以我相信她这次能成功。(倍数表达法)
Jessica devoted __________________________________ she did before, so I believe she will succeed this time．
three times as much time and energy as
考点探究归纳·多维讲练
02
词法探究
句法探究
1 devote v．致力，献身，倾注
练中回想——语法填空
①(2019·浙江卷)I still remember what you have devoted to _________(improve) my oral English and writing skills．
②We have learned a great deal from her ________(devote) to her work and her willingness to help others．
improving
devotion
完美写作——句式升级
He devoted himself to community activities and was praised by the people around．
③__________________________________________，he was praised by the people around．(v．-ing形式短语作状语)
④_______________________________，he was praised by the people around．(过去分词短语作状语)
Devoting himself to community activities
Devoted to community activities
练后归纳——搭配拓展
?devote...to...把……奉献给……；专注于……
?devote oneself to致力于；献身于
?devoted adj．忠实的；深爱的
?be devoted to专心于；致力于
?devotion n．奉献；献身；忠诚
语料输入——必备素材
?devote her spare time to playing the violin 她的业余时间用于拉小提琴
?his devotion to educational cause 他对教育事业的奉献
[名师点津] devote...to...中的to是介词，其后常接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。
2 reduce v．减少，降低
练中回想——语法填空
①(2022·新高考卷Ⅰ)The project was dreamed up by a local charity(慈善组织) _________ (reduce) loneliness and improve elderly people's wellbeing．
to reduce
②With great effort, she has reduced her weight __ five kilograms in the past 7 days．
③(2022·新高考卷Ⅰ) Staff in care homes have reported a _________(reduce) in the use of medicine where hens are in use．
by
reduction
完美写作——续写佳句之个人经历
④他在大城市的生活很艰难，最后竟然沦落到以乞讨为生的境地。
His life in the big city was hard and finally he____________________________________．
was reduced to begging
for a living
练后归纳——搭配拓展
?reduce...by...……减少了……
?reduce...to...把……减少到……；把……变为某种状态
?be reduced to 陷入某种境地(to为介词)
?reduction n．降低；减少
语料输入——必备素材
?one of the most effective ways to reduce stress 减少压力最有效的方式之一
?reduce the risk of heart disease and early death 降低心脏病和猝死的危险
?reduce the possibility of getting this disease by 40% 患这种病的概率降低40%
?be reduced to tears 哭了起来
3 urge [课本义] v．竭力主张，强烈要求，敦促[增补义] n．冲动；强烈的愿望
练中回想——语法填空
①The people in the earthquake-stricken area are in ______ (urge) need of food, medicine and shelter．
②Parents should actively urge their children _______ (take) advantage of the opportunity to join sports teams．
③Our teacher urged that we ______________(study) hard with the College Entrance Examination drawing near．
urgent
to take
(should) study
完美写作——续写佳句之心理描写
④汤姆感到很尴尬，但他抑制住了跑下台的冲动。
Tom was embarrassed, but he ________________________________．
fought the urge to run off the stage
练后归纳——搭配拓展
?urge sb．to do sth．催促某人做某事
?urge that...(should) do sth．极力主张……做某事
?urgent adj．紧急的；迫切的
?It is urgent that...(should) do sth．主张……
?have an urge to do sth．渴望做某事
?urgency n．紧急；催促
语料输入——必备素材
?urge him to do more reading 督促他多阅读
?an urge to learn a foreign language 学习一门外语的强烈愿望
4 contribute [课本义] v．促成，造成(某事发生)[增补义] v．贡献；捐献；投稿
练中回想——语法填空
①It is more meaningful to contribute books and sports goods __ children in need．
②(2021·全国甲卷)When _____________(contribute) were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others．
to
contributions
完美写作——建议信佳句
③_________________________________________________________ (把小事做好有助于增强我们的信心)and helping us meet
bigger challenges in the future．
Doing small things well contributes to building up our confidence
练后归纳——搭配拓展
?contribute sth．to...把某物捐献给……
?contribute to有助于；导致；投稿
?contribution n．捐献；贡献；稿件
?make a contribution/contributions to...对……做出贡献
语料输入——必备素材
?contribute money to the school为学校捐款
?contribute articles to the magazine 给这家杂志撰写文章
5 average [课本义] adj．平均(数)的[增补义] adj．普通的，平常的 n．平均数；平均水平 v．平均为；计算出……的平均数
练中回想——语法填空
①(2021·浙江6月卷)Today's children spend __ average of four and a half hours a day looking at screens, split between watching television and using the Internet．
②It is said that the time spent on homework by the Chinese students is more than one hour a day __ average．
an
on
完美写作——续写佳句之肖像描写
③从人群中找到吉姆并不困难，因为他的身高高于平均水平。
It is not difficult ___________________________________________________________________．
to pick out Jim among the crowd because his height
is above average
练后归纳——搭配拓展
?an average of平均有(后跟数词)
?on (the) average平均起来
?above/below average在平均水平以上/以下
语料输入——必备素材
?with an average of about 500 customers a week 每周平均约有500名顾客
?spend an average of about $200 a year on books 平均每年在书上花200美元
?an average student 一名普通学生
?children of average intelligence 智力一般的儿童
6 due to由于，因为
练中回想——语法填空
①Due __ unforeseen circumstances this year's show has been cancelled．
②The bus was due _________(arrive) at 5：00 pm, but it arrived one hour late due to __________(hold) up by the heavy fog．
to
to arrive
being held
完美写作——感谢信佳句
③________________________(我要感谢你), without whose help I would not have achieved so much．
My thanks are due to you
练后归纳——搭配拓展
?(be)due to sth．/sb．归因于某事/某人
?be due to do sth．预计做某事，预定要做某事
语料输入——必备素材
?due to heavy snow 由于大雪
?be due to complete her studies this year 今年就要完成学业
7 take...into account (＝take account of...)把……考虑进去
练中回想——语法填空
①(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Lighting accounts ___ about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US．
②(2019·天津卷)The professor warned the students that __ no account should they use mobile phones in his class．
for
on
③He had to leave his basketball team __ account of his injured legs．
④When asked for your views about your current job，__ no account must you be negative．
on
on
完美写作——邀请信佳句
⑤(2022·新高考卷Ⅰ)I would appreciate it ____________________________________________(如果你能考虑我的邀请)．
if you could take my
invitation into account
练后归纳——搭配拓展
?account vi．&vt．认为 n．说明；理由；计算；账目
?account for...是……的原因；解释；(比例上)占
?give an account of 说明；对……进行描述
?on account of 由于，因为
?on no account 绝不(位于句首，句子用部分倒装)
语料输入——必备素材
?an eye-witness account of an accident 目击者对一起事故的描述
?be absent from school on account of illness 因病没去学校
8 [教材原句]Some people stopped swimming in the sea, afraid of the horrible creature from the film．
由于害怕遇上电影里描绘的这种可怕生物，有些人再也不去海里游泳了。
练中回想——语法填空
①(2021·全国甲卷)_____ (old) and wiser now，Burchill chalked up the incident to youthful indiscretion (莽撞)．
②_________(surprise) and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize．
Older
Surprised
完美写作——句式升级
③I was afraid of not finding my way to the farm．I sat beside a tree and held my shoulders in my arms tightly．
→___________________________________，I sat beside a tree and held my shoulders in my arms tightly．(形容词短语作状语)
Afraid of not finding my way to the farm
练后归纳——句法分析
?形容词(短语)作状语可以表示方式、原因或伴随状况等，可位于句首、句末或句中，常用逗号与句子的其他成分隔开。
?形容词(短语)作状语时常用来说明句子主语的状态。如果用来修饰句子的谓语动词或整个句子，则应用副词(短语)作状语。
语料输入——高考写作佳句背诵
Quite obviously，he does not want to go with us．
很明显，他不想和我们一起去。
9 [教材原句]However, making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water．
然而，生产一个纸袋的耗能为塑料袋的四倍，耗水则多达三倍。
练中回想——语法填空
①The electronic waste stream is increasing three times ______(fast) than traditional garbage as a whole．
②The number of students now in this school is four times ____ it was ten years ago．
faster
what
完美写作——同义句转
The new stadium built for the Winter Olympics will be twice bigger than the present one．
③The new stadium built for the Winter Olympics will be _____________________ the present one．
④The new stadium built for the Winter Olympics will be _______________________ the present one．
three times as big as
three times the size of
练后归纳——句法分析
?A＋be＋倍数＋as＋adj．/adv．(原级)＋as＋B
?A＋be＋倍数＋adj．/adv．(比较级)＋than＋B
?A＋be＋倍数＋the＋名词(size/weight/length...)＋of＋B
?A＋be＋倍数＋what从句，表示“A是……的多少倍”
语料输入——高考写作佳句背诵
The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be three times as big as the present one．
正在为下届亚运会修建的新体育馆将是现在体育馆的三倍大。
三层固基达标训练
03
层级一
层级二
层级三
Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空
1．The new high-speed railway is three times the ______(long) of the old one．
2．When the policeman stopped us, we all looked questioningly at him, nervous and _______(puzzle)．
3．Rose is due ________ (start) school in January．
length
puzzled
to start
4．Though the city ____________(reduce) to ruins in the great earthquake, it began to breathe again．
5．There is an ______(urge) need for the government to take necessary measures to reduce air pollution．
6．The teacher is respected by the students for his ________(devote) to the cause of education．
was reduced
urgent
devotion
Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词
1．(2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute __ some of these qualities．
2．Much work is needed to ensure that by 2024 the percentage of students who drop out of school during the nine-year compulsory education period is reduced __ less than 5 percent．
3．You are supposed to take your personality ____ account and figure out what kind of jobs would suit you．
4．__ average, people wake up in a good mood, which falls away over the course of the day．
to
to
into
On
Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空
1．It took me roughly 72 hours by train __________(travel) from Xinjiang to Beijing, with a distance of over 3，770 kilometers．
2．To avoid ______________(affect), the student insisted that he be separated from his deskmate, who is very naughty．
to travel
being affected
3．Due to the fact that Ryan was ________ (severe) injured in the car accident, he was immediately sent to the ICU．
4．You must ask for __________ (permit) before taking any photos inside the hall．
severely
permission
Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词
1．Cell phones which are now universally recognized as a must, have a great effect __ us．
2．People with a positive attitude __________ life are more likely to succeed．
3．The water supply of this district was cut ____because the water pipe was broken．
4．The man who makes no mistakes does not usually make anything! So, don't be scared __ making mistakes but remember to learn from mistakes!
on
towards/to
off
of
Ⅰ．熟词生义(选出黑体词在句中的汉语意思)
1．(2021·全国乙卷)If you're the host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation．_
A．移开，拿开 B．使离开
C．开除
B
2．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds surrounding the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears．_
A．使陷入某种状态 B．减少，缩小
C．迫使
3．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)But the sport's strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips，so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport．_
A．采取 B．收养，领养
C．选择
A
C
Ⅱ．长难语句(分析句子的结构并翻译成汉语)
(2022·全国乙卷) It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance，including sending maintenance staff，often at night，to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure．
化繁为简本句为复合句。It为________，that引导____从句；不定式短语to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure作________。
[尝试翻译]据统计，仅欧洲铁路每年就花费约200亿欧元在维护上，包括经常在夜间派遣维护人员检查和维修铁路基础设施。
形式主语
主语
目的状语
三维提能培优训练
04
维度一
维度二
维度三
短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并背诵该短文。
Establishing a Greener World
Climate change and various pollution are issues 1．__________ affect us all．More and more people 2．_____________(concern) about them．Recently, the environment around us has been damaged 3．________(severe), causing drought, floods and other disasters all over the world．Many people who think it the government's responsibility to deal with it don't believe they have power to do
that/which
are concerned
severely
anything to improve our environment．That's not true．Together, individuals can make 4．_ difference．The release of the greenhouse gas—carbon dioxide in the air, actually comes as a result of many things we do every day．Here 5．___(be) a few suggestions on how to reduce it, which, I think, you can adopt．
a
are
If we don't use electrical appliances, such as the bulb, the TV, the computer, 6．______(plug) them immediately．Please use sustainable energy as much as possible．Walk or ride a bike to school or use a bike 7．_______(power) by solar．We should use some reusable things made from recyclable materials．What's more, plant more trees as they can absorb carbon dioxide and give out a large amount of fresh air．Besides, persuade and urge everyone around us 8．_______(take) action to protect the environment．
unplug
powered
to take
In a word, it's high time that we 9．________________(take) the environmental protection into account．Everyone should be devoted to protecting the environment．What we do must contribute 10．__ a greener world．
took/should take
to
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识完成满分作文
假定你是校学生会主席李华。下周六学校将组织同学们在全市进行环保宣传活动，现征召志愿者，有意者请到校学生会报名。请你就此代表学生会写一则通知。
注意：1．通知应包括以上所提供的主要信息，可适当发挥；
2．词数80左右。
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
The environmental problem is going from bad to worse．Now，it's really high time that we took/should take environmental protection into account．Hereby，the Students' Union appeals to all the students to devote themselves to protecting the environment and urges each of us to start with some small things．
In order to respond to this campaign，our school has decided to organize the students to publicize the concept of environmental protection around the city next Saturday．The Students' Union is recruiting volunteers these days．Whoever shows any interest can come to the Students' Union and sign up!
The Students' Union
情感细节描写之“悲伤”“沮丧”和“孤独”(二)
Step 1．储备词汇(记牢本单元可用于描写的词汇)
短语 ①one's heart sinks 心沉下去 ②with a sinking heart 心情沉重 ③in an unpleasant mood/in low spirits 情绪低落 ④sadness comes in waves 悲伤如潮涌 ⑤an ocean of sadness 悲伤的海洋
Step 2．尝试练笔(翻译下面的续写语句)
用表“悲伤、沮丧、消沉”的表达和其他描写方法补全下列句子
①得知自己没获奖，她的心沉了下去。
When she learned that she failed to win a prize, ______________．
②她咬着下唇， 心里很悲伤。
She bit her bottom lip ______________________________．(with复合结构)
her heart sank
with sadness filling her heart
③她情绪低落，拖着两条沉重的腿，疲惫不堪地回到了家。
____________________________________，she __________________________________，tired out．(介词短语＋动作描写)
④一进自己的房间，她就觉得悲伤如潮涌。
On entering her room, she _______________________________．(夸张的修辞手法)
In an unpleasant mood/In low spirits
dragged her heavy
legs back home
felt that sadness came in waves
⑤她一头倒在床上，忍不住痛哭。
She_______________________，and _________________________．
(动作描写＋副词)
⑥在接下来的几天里，她觉得自己在悲伤的海洋里漂浮，什么也不想做。
During the next few days, she felt like _________________________________________，not wanting to do anything．
threw herself onto the bed
couldn't help crying bitterly
she was floating in an ocean
of sadness续写语料积累 背诵·句之美 欣赏·语之秀
1．(行为描写)(2020·新高考卷Ⅱ)Pulling up to the building, Grant saw flames (火焰) shooting out of a second-floor window． 2．(心理描写)(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)But like anyone for whom you feel affection, customers can also drive you mad． 3．(景物描写)(2022·广州市调研测试)A blazing sun was rising over the blue ocean． (2022·扬州中学检测)Snowflakes dancing in the sky, it was an awfully cold winter．Mary felt as gray as the sky outside．She struggled to get by the tough winter because her bills went up while her income went down．
核心单词检测 1．(2022·全国甲卷) June 8th was officially named by the UN in 2009 as World Oceans Day．It aims to raise people's awareness of protecting oceans(ocean)． 2．(2022·新高考卷Ⅰ) It's jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away—from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts(amount) of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans． 3．Two buildings were destroyed and many others damaged (damage) in our village． 4．(2020·天津5月卷)We're scared (scare) of the things that we don't understand． 5．(2020·天津卷)Libraries will often hold reading-group sessions targeted(target) to various age groups．
派生单词检测 1．She was cruelly treated．The cruelty of his words cut her like a knife．(cruel) 2．The contributor made a substantial contribution to charity．(contribute) 3．The devoted doctor devotes himself to saving his patients' lives, and his devotion deserves our respect．(devote) 4．Flu is highly infectious so you should not be exposed to infection．(infect) 5． Concerned about the health development of students，the headmaster made a speech concerning how to form good habits．(concern)
高频短语检测 mistake...for，break down，have an effect upon，due to，take...into account，be scared of，cut off，in fear
1．(2021·全国乙卷)Due to the growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types of trips are now being classified as ecotourism． 2．Without access to the Internet, they found themselves cut off from the outside world． 3．Is it the years when you worked in the factory that have an effect upon your personality 4．I'd appreciate it if you can take my suggestions into account．I do hope my tips will be helpful to you． 5．Though the program was well-designed，cooperation between the two companies eventually broke down because neither of them was willing to make a compromise．
重点句式检测 1．(2021·全国甲卷)我们绕着西安城墙走了大约3个小时。(take) It took us about 3 hours to go all the way around the Xi'an City Wall． 2．孩子们爬到了山顶，筋疲力尽。(形容词作状语) The children climbed up to the top of the mountain, tired and exhausted． 3．杰西卡付出了以前三倍的时间和精力，所以我相信她这次能成功。(倍数表达法) Jessica devoted three times as much time and energy as she did before, so I believe she will succeed this time．
1 devote v．致力，献身，倾注
①(2019·浙江卷)I still remember what you have devoted to improving(improve) my oral English and writing skills．
②We have learned a great deal from her devotion(devote) to her work and her willingness to help others．
He devoted himself to community activities and was praised by the people around．
③Devoting himself to community activities, he was praised by the people around．(v．-ing形式短语作状语)
④Devoted to community activities，he was praised by the people around．(过去分词短语作状语)
?devote...to...把……奉献给……；专注于……
?devote oneself to致力于；献身于
?devoted adj．忠实的；深爱的
?be devoted to专心于；致力于
?devotion n．奉献；献身；忠诚
?devote her spare time to playing the violin 她的业余时间用于拉小提琴
?his devotion to educational cause 他对教育事业的奉献
[名师点津] devote...to...中的to是介词，其后常接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。
2 reduce v．减少，降低
①(2022·新高考卷Ⅰ)The project was dreamed up by a local charity(慈善组织) to reduce (reduce) loneliness and improve elderly people's wellbeing．
②With great effort, she has reduced her weight by five kilograms in the past 7 days．
③(2022·新高考卷Ⅰ) Staff in care homes have reported a reduction(reduce) in the use of medicine where hens are in use．
④他在大城市的生活很艰难，最后竟然沦落到以乞讨为生的境地。
His life in the big city was hard and finally he was reduced to begging for a living．
?reduce...by...……减少了……
?reduce...to...把……减少到……；把……变为某种状态
?be reduced to 陷入某种境地(to为介词)
?reduction n．降低；减少
?one of the most effective ways to reduce stress 减少压力最有效的方式之一
?reduce the risk of heart disease and early death 降低心脏病和猝死的危险
?reduce the possibility of getting this disease by 40% 患这种病的概率降低40%
?be reduced to tears 哭了起来
3 urge [课本义] v．竭力主张，强烈要求，敦促[增补义] n．冲动；强烈的愿望
①The people in the earthquake-stricken area are in urgent (urge) need of food, medicine and shelter．
②Parents should actively urge their children to take (take) advantage of the opportunity to join sports teams．
③Our teacher urged that we (should) study(study) hard with the College Entrance Examination drawing near．
④汤姆感到很尴尬，但他抑制住了跑下台的冲动。
Tom was embarrassed, but he fought the urge to run off the stage．
?urge sb．to do sth．催促某人做某事
?urge that...(should) do sth．极力主张……做某事
?urgent adj．紧急的；迫切的
?It is urgent that...(should) do sth．主张……
?have an urge to do sth．渴望做某事
?urgency n．紧急；催促
?urge him to do more reading 督促他多阅读
?an urge to learn a foreign language 学习一门外语的强烈愿望
4 contribute [课本义] v．促成，造成(某事发生)[增补义] v．贡献；捐献；投稿
①It is more meaningful to contribute books and sports goods to children in need．
②(2021·全国甲卷)When contributions(contribute) were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others．
③Doing small things well contributes to building up our confidence(把小事做好有助于增强我们的信心)and helping us meet bigger challenges in the future．
?contribute sth．to...把某物捐献给……
?contribute to有助于；导致；投稿
?contribution n．捐献；贡献；稿件
?make a contribution/contributions to...对……做出贡献
?contribute money to the school为学校捐款
?contribute articles to the magazine 给这家杂志撰写文章
5 average [课本义] adj．平均(数)的[增补义] adj．普通的，平常的 n．平均数；平均水平 v．平均为；计算出……的平均数
①(2021·浙江6月卷)Today's children spend an average of four and a half hours a day looking at screens, split between watching television and using the Internet．
②It is said that the time spent on homework by the Chinese students is more than one hour a day on average．
③从人群中找到吉姆并不困难，因为他的身高高于平均水平。
It is not difficult to pick out Jim among the crowd because his height is above average．
?an average of平均有(后跟数词)
?on (the) average平均起来
?above/below average在平均水平以上/以下
?with an average of about 500 customers a week 每周平均约有500名顾客
?spend an average of about $200 a year on books 平均每年在书上花200美元
?an average student 一名普通学生
?children of average intelligence 智力一般的儿童
6 due to由于，因为
①Due to unforeseen circumstances this year's show has been cancelled．
②The bus was due to arrive(arrive) at 5：00 pm, but it arrived one hour late due to being held(hold) up by the heavy fog．
③My thanks are due to you(我要感谢你), without whose help I would not have achieved so much．
?(be)due to sth．/sb．归因于某事/某人
?be due to do sth．预计做某事，预定要做某事
?due to heavy snow 由于大雪
?be due to complete her studies this year 今年就要完成学业
7 take...into account (＝take account of...)把……考虑进去
①(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US．
②(2019·天津卷)The professor warned the students that on no account should they use mobile phones in his class．
③He had to leave his basketball team on account of his injured legs．
④When asked for your views about your current job，on no account must you be negative．
⑤(2022·新高考卷Ⅰ)I would appreciate it if you could take my invitation into account(如果你能考虑我的邀请)．
?account vi．&vt．认为 n．说明；理由；计算；账目
?account for...是……的原因；解释；(比例上)占
?give an account of 说明；对……进行描述
?on account of 由于，因为
?on no account 绝不(位于句首，句子用部分倒装)
?an eye-witness account of an accident 目击者对一起事故的描述
?be absent from school on account of illness 因病没去学校
8 [教材原句]Some people stopped swimming in the sea, afraid of the horrible creature from the film． 由于害怕遇上电影里描绘的这种可怕生物，有些人再也不去海里游泳了。
①(2021·全国甲卷)Older (old) and wiser now，Burchill chalked up the incident to youthful indiscretion (莽撞)．
②Surprised(surprise) and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize．
③I was afraid of not finding my way to the farm．I sat beside a tree and held my shoulders in my arms tightly．
→Afraid of not finding my way to the farm, I sat beside a tree and held my shoulders in my arms tightly．(形容词短语作状语)
?形容词(短语)作状语可以表示方式、原因或伴随状况等，可位于句首、句末或句中，常用逗号与句子的其他成分隔开。
?形容词(短语)作状语时常用来说明句子主语的状态。如果用来修饰句子的谓语动词或整个句子，则应用副词(短语)作状语。
Quite obviously，he does not want to go with us．
很明显，他不想和我们一起去。
9 [教材原句]However, making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water． 然而，生产一个纸袋的耗能为塑料袋的四倍，耗水则多达三倍。
①The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster(fast) than traditional garbage as a whole．
②The number of students now in this school is four times what it was ten years ago．
The new stadium built for the Winter Olympics will be twice bigger than the present one．
③The new stadium built for the Winter Olympics will be three times as big as the present one．
④The new stadium built for the Winter Olympics will be three times the size of the present one．
?A＋be＋倍数＋as＋adj．/adv．(原级)＋as＋B
?A＋be＋倍数＋adj．/adv．(比较级)＋than＋B
?A＋be＋倍数＋the＋名词(size/weight/length...)＋of＋B
?A＋be＋倍数＋what从句，表示“A是……的多少倍”
The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be three times as big as the present one．
正在为下届亚运会修建的新体育馆将是现在体育馆的三倍大。
Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空
1．The new high-speed railway is three times the length(long) of the old one．
2．When the policeman stopped us, we all looked questioningly at him, nervous and puzzled(puzzle)．
3．Rose is due to start (start) school in January．
4．Though the city was reduced (reduce) to ruins in the great earthquake, it began to breathe again．
5．There is an urgent(urge) need for the government to take necessary measures to reduce air pollution．
6．The teacher is respected by the students for his devotion(devote) to the cause of education．
Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词
1．(2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities．
2．Much work is needed to ensure that by 2024 the percentage of students who drop out of school during the nine-year compulsory education period is reduced to less than 5 percent．
3．You are supposed to take your personality into account and figure out what kind of jobs would suit you．
4．On average, people wake up in a good mood, which falls away over the course of the day．
Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空
1．It took me roughly 72 hours by train to travel (travel) from Xinjiang to Beijing, with a distance of over 3，770 kilometers．
2．To avoid being affected(affect), the student insisted that he be separated from his deskmate, who is very naughty．
3．Due to the fact that Ryan was severely (severe) injured in the car accident, he was immediately sent to the ICU．
4．You must ask for permission (permit) before taking any photos inside the hall．
Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词
1．Cell phones which are now universally recognized as a must, have a great effect on us．
2．People with a positive attitude towards/to life are more likely to succeed．
3．The water supply of this district was cut off because the water pipe was broken．
4．The man who makes no mistakes does not usually make anything! So, don't be scared of making mistakes but remember to learn from mistakes!
Ⅰ．熟词生义(选出黑体词在句中的汉语意思)
1．(2021·全国乙卷)If you're the host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation．B
A．移开，拿开 B．使离开
C．开除
2．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds surrounding the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears．A
A．使陷入某种状态 B．减少，缩小
C．迫使
3．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)But the sport's strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips，so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport．C
A．采取 B．收养，领养
C．选择
Ⅱ．长难语句(分析句子的结构并翻译成汉语)
(2022·全国乙卷) It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance，including sending maintenance staff，often at night，to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure．
本句为复合句。It为形式主语，that引导主语从句；不定式短语to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure作目的状语。
[尝试翻译]据统计，仅欧洲铁路每年就花费约200亿欧元在维护上，包括经常在夜间派遣维护人员检查和维修铁路基础设施。
短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并背诵该短文。
Establishing a Greener World
Climate change and various pollution are issues 1．that/which affect us all．More and more people 2．are concerned(concern) about them．Recently, the environment around us has been damaged 3．severely(severe), causing drought, floods and other disasters all over the world．Many people who think it the government's responsibility to deal with it don't believe they have power to do anything to improve our environment．That's not true．Together, individuals can make 4．a difference．The release of the greenhouse gas—carbon dioxide in the air, actually comes as a result of many things we do every day．Here 5．are(be) a few suggestions on how to reduce it, which, I think, you can adopt．
If we don't use electrical appliances, such as the bulb, the TV, the computer, 6．unplug(plug) them immediately．Please use sustainable energy as much as possible．Walk or ride a bike to school or use a bike 7．powered(power) by solar．We should use some reusable things made from recyclable materials．What's more, plant more trees as they can absorb carbon dioxide and give out a large amount of fresh air．Besides, persuade and urge everyone around us 8．to take(take) action to protect the environment．
In a word, it's high time that we 9．took/should take(take) the environmental protection into account．Everyone should be devoted to protecting the environment．What we do must contribute 10．to a greener world．
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识完成满分作文
假定你是校学生会主席李华。下周六学校将组织同学们在全市进行环保宣传活动，现征召志愿者，有意者请到校学生会报名。请你就此代表学生会写一则通知。
注意：1．通知应包括以上所提供的主要信息，可适当发挥；
2．词数80左右。
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【参考范文】
The environmental problem is going from bad to worse．Now，it's really high time that we took/should take environmental protection into account．Hereby，the Students' Union appeals to all the students to devote themselves to protecting the environment and urges each of us to start with some small things．
In order to respond to this campaign，our school has decided to organize the students to publicize the concept of environmental protection around the city next Saturday．The Students' Union is recruiting volunteers these days．Whoever shows any interest can come to the Students' Union and sign up!
The Students' Union
情感细节描写之“悲伤”“沮丧”和“孤独”(二)
Step 1．储备词汇(记牢本单元可用于描写的词汇)
短语 ①one's heart sinks 心沉下去 ②with a sinking heart 心情沉重 ③in an unpleasant mood/in low spirits 情绪低落 ④sadness comes in waves 悲伤如潮涌 ⑤an ocean of sadness 悲伤的海洋
Step 2．尝试练笔(翻译下面的续写语句)
用表“悲伤、沮丧、消沉”的表达和其他描写方法补全下列句子
①得知自己没获奖，她的心沉了下去。
When she learned that she failed to win a prize, her heart sank．
②她咬着下唇， 心里很悲伤。
She bit her bottom lip with sadness filling her heart．(with复合结构)
③她情绪低落，拖着两条沉重的腿，疲惫不堪地回到了家。
In an unpleasant mood/In low spirits, she dragged her heavy legs back home, tired out．(介词短语＋动作描写)
④一进自己的房间，她就觉得悲伤如潮涌。
On entering her room, she felt that sadness came in waves．(夸张的修辞手法)
⑤她一头倒在床上，忍不住痛哭。
She threw herself onto the bed, and couldn't help crying bitterly．(动作描写＋副词)
⑥在接下来的几天里，她觉得自己在悲伤的海洋里漂浮，什么也不想做。
During the next few days, she felt like she was floating in an ocean of sadness, not wanting to do anything．
课时分层作业(十二)
Ⅰ．阅读理解(限时7分钟)
(2022·石家庄市高中毕业班诊断性联考)
Scientists in Australia have discovered that they can use the world's smelliest fruits to make devices that could power electric cars．A durian(榴莲) is a fruit that looks like a pineapple．It is a delicacy(佳肴) in some Asian countries，but its smell is so unpleasant that some of those countries have banned it from public places．Its smell has been compared to rotten eggs and even smelly old gym socks．
Vincent Gomes and his colleagues at The University of Sydney，in Australia，used durians and jackfruits—another fruit known for its terrible smell—to make energy-storing devices called supercapacitors．
Supercapacitors are an alternative to batteries．They can't store as much energy as a normal battery does，but they are much quicker to recharge．Durians and jackfruits contain some of the chemicals used in supercapacitors，which gave Gomes the idea．To make the fruit-based devices，the team heated and then freeze-dried the uneatable cores of the durian and the jackfruit to make a special kind of material called an aerogel．
Aerogels are one of the world's lightest solid materials．Often called “frozen smoke”，they are made by removing the liquid from a gel (胶状物) and replacing it with air．They have many scientific uses，and one of their special properties is the ability to conduct electric currents，which makes them an important part of supercapacitors．The aerogels made from durians and jackfruits both worked well when placed inside a supercapacitor，although the durian aerogel was found to be the better of the two．
The discovery is important because the materials currently used to make supercapacitors are expensive．Using natural foods like durians and jackfruits，Gomes says，could reduce environmental pollution as well as costs．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇新闻报道。本文讲述了澳大利亚的科学家用榴莲和菠萝蜜制造出了存储能量的设备——超级电容器。
1．What makes some countries have different attitudes towards the durian
A．Its smell． B．Its appearance．
C．Its value． D．Its popularity．
A [细节理解题。根据第一段中的“It is a delicacy...from public places．”可知，榴莲的气味使得一些国家对它的态度不同，故A项正确。]
2．Which paragraph mentions Gomes's inspiration of the innovation
A．Paragraph 1． B．Paragraph 2．
C．Paragraph 3． D．Paragraph 4．
C [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Durians and jackfruits contain...which gave Gomes the idea．”可知，第三段讲到了Gomes进行创新的灵感来源，故C项正确。]
3．What does the underlined word “them” in paragraph 4 refer to
A．Aerogels． B．Scientific uses．
C．Properties． D．Electric currents．
A [代词指代题。根据该词后面的“an important part of supercapacitors”可以推断，them指的是一种材料，再结合语境判断，此处提到的材料为本段主要说的“aerogels”，故A项正确。]
4．What can we learn about fruit-based supercapacitors
A．They are devices for producing electricity．
B．They are chemicals from durians．
C．They are green and economical．
D．They are light and liquid．
C [推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Using natural foods...could reduce environmental pollution as well as costs．”可以推断，由水果制作而成的超级电容器既环保又能降低成本，故C项正确。]
Ⅱ．阅读七选五(限时7分钟)
(2022·湖南省六校联考)
Adding activities to your routine is a key contributor to health and happiness．With your summer workout routine in mind，we have a few tips to help you keep fit．
Boosting power
1 ， you want to stimulate new muscle growth through resistance and endurance training．How effectively you repair and build muscle depends on the use of protein in your body． 2 ．It can be obtained by consuming protein-rich wholefoods like lean meats，eggs，fish and vegetables．
3
Can you push harder，run faster，reach farther and deeper Fuelling smartly before a workout with complex carbohydrates (碳水化合物) for sustained energy release can give you an edge to push yourself to do an extra workout．Whole grains like brown rice are also packed with complex carbohydrates for sustained energy release while being low in calories．Omega-3 fatty acids are an often overlooked supplement that can help to enhance your performance． 4 ，but their special effects help to reduce muscle soreness after a workout，as well．
Making the best of hydration(水合作用)
One of the drivers of athletic performance is maintaining the balance of fluid and electrolytes (电解质) in our bodies．Body fluids are essential for removing waste，maintaining proper neural and muscle function，regulating body temperature，delivering fuel and taking the brunt of shock absorption while smoothing our joints． 5 ．They keep neurons firing and muscles contracting．
A．Enhancing performance
B．Maintaining temperature
C．Electrolytes are minerals，like Na，Mg and Ca
D．When trying to boost your power or strength in the gym
E．While consuming certain kinds of electrolytes in a sport
F．Not only do these heart-healthy fats protect our hearts
G．Make sure your muscles have access to the protein they need
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了锻炼有助于保持身体健康，在夏天常规锻炼的基础上，一些有用的建议可以帮助你更有效地进行锻炼，从而达到更好的效果。
1．D [本段的小标题为Boosting power，选项D中的“boost your power or strength”恰好与之呼应，且分析句子结构可知，此处需要填入一个从句。故选D。]
2．G [根据空后的“It can be obtained by consuming protein-rich wholefoods”可知，It应指代上文提到的事物，此种物质可以通过食用含蛋白质丰富的食物获得，这与选项G中的“have access to the protein”相呼应。故选G。]
3．A [空处是小标题，为本段主旨句。本段主要叙述的内容为如何提高运动成绩，段首句中的“push harder，run faster，reach farther and deeper”也是提示。故选A。]
4．F [分析空后的内容可知，空处与空后内容为递进关系。根据空前的“Omega-3 fatty acids”可知，空处应该会讲到这种物质对身体的好处，且选项F中的“Not only”与空后的“but”构成了固定句型。]
5．C [本段段首提及“maintaining the balance of fluid and electrolytes”，空前已经提到与body fluids相关的内容，此处应该会提及与electrolytes相关的内容，且根据空后的“They keep neurons firing and muscles contracting．”可知，They应指代electrolytes，故选C。]
Ⅲ．语法填空(限时6分钟)
(2022·广东省七校第一次联考)
The giant panda is an endangered species，threatened by continued habitat loss and by a very low birthrate both in the wild and in captivity (圈养)．Its range is 1． (current) restricted to a small portion on the western edge of its historical range．
In 2006，scientists reported that 2． number of pandas living in the wild may have been underestimated at about 1，000．Previous population surveys had used conventional methods 3． (estimate) the size of the wild panda population，but using a new method 4． analyses DNA from panda droppings，scientists believe the wild population may be as large as 3，000．Although the species is still endangered，the conservation efforts 5． (think) to be working．In 2006，there were 40 panda reserves in China，6． (compare) to just 13 reserves two decades ago．In the same year，7． (it) habitats in Sichuan Province gained a UNESCO World Heritage Site status．
In 2012，Earthwatch，a 8． (globe) non-profit organization which teams volunteers with scientists to conduct important environmental research，9． (launch) a program based in the Wolong National Nature Reserve．This program allows volunteers to work up close with pandas cared 10． in captivity，and help them adapt to life in the wild．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了近年来科学家和社会为保护大熊猫所做的努力及成果。
1．currently [考查副词。此处修饰谓语动词restricted，需要用副词，所以空处应填currently。]
2．the [考查冠词。结合语境“生活在野外的大熊猫的数量”可知，空处需要用到定冠词the。the number of “……的数量”。]
3．to estimate [考查非谓语动词。此处表目的，应用不定式，所以空处填to estimate。]
4．that/which [考查定语从句的关系词。分析句子结构可知，此处是一个定语从句，先行词为表示物的名词method，该空指代先行词并在从句中作主语，所以空处应填that/which。]
5．are thought [考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，think在本句中作谓语。结合语境可知，时态需要用到一般现在时；“the conservation efforts”和“think”两者之间为被动关系；主语efforts为复数，所以空处填are thought。]
6．compared [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句为there be句型，compare在句中作非谓语，与主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，所以空处填compared。]
7．its [考查代词。此处修饰后面的名词，需要用到形容词性物主代词，所以空处填its。]
8．global [考查形容词。此处修饰后面的non-profit organization，需要用形容词，所以空处填global。]
9．launched [考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，launch作本句的谓语，再结合时间状语In 2012可知，本句时态应为一般过去时；又因为launch与主语为主谓关系，所以空处填launched。]
10．for [考查介词。此处考查固定搭配care for，意为“照顾”，因此空处需要填for。此处cared for in captivity作后置定语，修饰前面的名词pandas。]
Ⅳ．读后续写(限时25分钟)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2022·潍坊市上学期考试)
There was an elderly lady standing in the bone-chilling cold outside the back of the supermarket．She was holding a basket with bunches of flowers．
“Would you like the flowers They are $3，”she asked me as I was walking past．I politely responded “No，thank you．” as I walked away and went inside the supermarket．
I was walking around the supermarket searching for the thing that I was needing to buy and thinking of that lady，standing in the cold holding her basket of flowers．Visualizing the beautiful flowers I had admired，her polite quiet voice and lonely figure，I wondered about her unknown story of standing in the cold with her basket．Maybe her family was in urgent need of money; maybe she was a lone soul to earn a living with her own hands...
I had my own personal struggles．I had to budget for everything and I appreciated that $3 was a lot for me，like many of us all and probably for her too．But it wasn't my first thought when she had asked me about buying her flowers．My first thought was that I didn't have the cash but this couldn't be used as an excuse for not buying those flowers．I had not carried cash with me for a few years and I thought many of us did the same．
When I went to the register to pay with my card asked for $3 cash out．The staff member questioned me about the $3．I felt anxious about it quickly and tried to remember the money I had in my account．And at the same time she pressed the button to process it．I had mentioned that I wanted to buy flowers from the lady who was selling them outside．A sigh of relief，I was glad to see it all had been accepted by the machine and that the staff member handed me the $3．
注意：1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
I walked away and around the corner of the supermarket to the lady．_________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
After giving her $3，I was surprised when she handed me the change．_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
【写作思路】
文章大意：作者在超市的后面遇见了一位年长的卖花女士，作者为了能买花，特意兑换零钱。
谋篇布局：由文章内容和续写第一段的开头提示可知，作者兑换零钱后朝卖花女士走去，所以后面可以描写当卖花女士看到作者时的反应。结合续写第二段的开头提示可知，作者给卖花女士三美元买花后，女士给作者找了零钱，接下来可写作者的做法及作者对这次经历的感悟等。
注意事项：考生在写作的过程中注意结合提供的已知信息升华主题，即从这个故事中我们可以学到什么。
【参考范文】
I walked away and around the corner of the supermarket to the lady．She was standing there，trembling in the cold．No sooner had she noticed my approach than her weather-beaten face lit up．I said shyly，“Hi，sorry．I didn't have the cash on me．Yes，I would like to buy some of your flowers．” On hearing that，she instantly put the basket of flowers in front of me，wearing a big and warm smile．The flowers were in full bloom，dancing in the wind．I chose the bunch of flowers I had first sighted．
After giving her $3，I was surprised when she handed me the change．I couldn't help but ask the price of the flowers．“$3 for all！” she explained．Without hesitation，I told her to keep the change．She took the money with shaking hands，tears welling up in her eyes．As I walked away，I hoped someone else could walk up to her and buy the rest flowers．We are all going through our own struggles but no matter how little we can do，it will make a difference．
