Unit 1 When was it invented Section A (Grammar Focus-4c)语法专项突破

Unit 1　When was it invented
Section A (Grammar Focus-4c)语法专项突破
语法专项突破
【语法精讲】
一般过去时的被动语态
一、含义及构成
　　一般过去时的被动语态表示主语是过去某个动作的承受者, 谓语动词由“was/were + 动词的过去分词”构成。
They have collected more than 14, 000 books since the library was built last month. 自从上个月图书馆建立以来他们已经收藏了超过14 000本图书。
二、句式结构
句式 构　成
肯定句 主语 + was/were + 过去分词 (+ by. . . ).
否定句 主语 + was/were not + 过去分词 (+by. . . ).
一般疑问句 Was/Were + 主语 + 过去分词 (+ by. . . )
特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 + was/were (+ 主语) + 过去分词 (+by. . . )
三、含双宾语的主动语态变为被动语态的方法
1. buy, give, leave, lend, offer, pay, show, teach, tell等变为被动语态
(1)把间接宾语(指人)变为被动语态的主语, 直接宾语(指事物)保留下来(称为保留宾语);
(2)把直接宾语(指事物)变为被动语态的主语, 间接宾语改为介词to或for引导的宾语。
比较:
*He gave her some money.
→She was given some money.
→Some money was given to her.
*He bought her a watch.
→She was bought a watch.
→A watch was bought for her.
2. bring, do, make, pass, sell, send, sing, write等变被动语态, 通常用直接宾语(指事物)作被动语态的主语, 将间接宾语用作保留宾语(其前根据情况用介词to或for)
*Father made me a doll.
→A doll was made for me.
*He wrote her a letter.
→A letter was written to her.
【语法集训】
Ⅰ. 用所给词的适当形式填空
1. The library building was designed (design) by a young man in 2023.
2. The people in the earthquake area were provided (provide) with food and medicine from all over the world last month.
3. Shenzhou was sent(send)into space on 16 October, 2023.
4. These machines were made (make) in their factory by themselves last year.
5. My advice on how to save water was accepted (accept) by my class last week.
单项选择
1. (2022·石家庄质检)A new club ______in our school at the beginning of this year and now it has many members.
A. starts　　　　　　　 B. is started
C. has started D. was started
【解析】选D。考查动词的时态和语态。句意: 一个新俱乐部今年年初在我们学校被开设了, 现在它有许多成员。club与start之间构成被动关系, 使用被动语态; 根据at the beginning of this year可知, 用一般过去时。因此, 使用一般过去时的被动语态, 结构为“was/were+过去分词”。
2. We ______to reach for our dreams in the graduation ceremony last week.
A. encourage B. are encouraged
C. encouraged D. were encouraged
【解析】选D。考查动词的时态和语态。句意: 在上周的毕业典礼上, 我们被鼓励去追寻自己的梦想。根据last week可知, 使用一般过去时, We和encourage之间为被动关系, 因此, 使用一般过去时的被动语态。
3. The mobile phone has influenced people’s life a lot since it______.
A. invented B. was invented
C. is invented D. invents
【解析】选B。考查动词时态及被动语态。句意: 自从手机被发明以来, 它对人们的生活产生了很大的影响。本句中含有since引导的时间状语从句, 主句为现在完成时, 则从句应为一般过去时; “手机”与“发明”之间为逻辑上的动宾关系, 故此处为一般过去时的被动语态。
4. —______ you ______to Jim’s birthday party last night
—Yes, I was. But I was too busy to be there.
A. Did; invited B. Were; invite
C. Was; invited D. Were; invited
【解析】选D。考查动词的时态和语态。句意: ——你昨天晚上被邀请参加吉姆的生日派对了吗 ——是的。但是我太忙了, 没去那里。主语you与invite之间存在被动关系, 使用被动语态; 主语是you, 助动词用were。
5. —Oh, the room is too dirty, Tony!
—Sorry, Mom. It ______yesterday. I forgot to do it.
A. didn’t clean B. isn’t cleaned
C. hasn’t cleaned D. wasn’t cleaned
【解析】选D。考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意: ——哦, 托尼, 房间太脏了! ——对不起妈妈, 昨天没有打扫, 我忘记了。根据yesterday可知是一般过去时, 故排除B、C; 主语It指代“房间”, 和谓语clean之间是被动关系, 因此用一般过去时的被动语态。
【中考体验】
Ⅱ. 单项选择
1. (2023 ·武汉中考)—Did you notice the students ______a few why questions in Mr Zhang’s class
—Yes, I think he wanted to train their abilities of deep thinking.
A. are asked　　　　　　 B. must be asked
C. have been asked D. were asked
【解析】选D。考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意: ——你注意到在张老师的课堂上, 学生们被问了一些为什么的问题吗 ——是的, 我想他是想训练他们的深度思考能力。主语the students是动作ask的承受者, 根据“Did you notice”可知, 时态是一般过去时, 所以用一般过去时的被动语态, 结构为was/were done。
2. (2023·海南中考) The play Teahouse ______by the famous Chinese writer Lao She.
A. wrote 　　B. was writing 　 C. was written
【解析】选C。考查动词的时态和语态。句意: 话剧《茶馆》由中国著名作家老舍创作。The play Teahouse 和write之间是被动关系, 使用被动语态。
3．（2023·山东菏泽·统考一模）Mary looked very nervous when she ________ to the famous scientist.
A．introduced B．was introduced C．is introduced
B【详解】句意：当玛丽被介绍给这位著名的科学家时，她看起来非常紧张。
考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“ when she...to the famous scientist.”可知，主语“she”和“introduce介绍”之间是被动关系，且根据“looked”可知，应是一般过去时的被动语态。故选B。
4.（2023·湖南株洲·统考一模）In the big earthquake of Turkey, people ________ to the safe place by the army.
A．take B．took C．were taken
C【详解】句意：在土耳其的大地震中，人们被军队带到安全的地方。
考查被动语态。结合语境可知，句子主语people与动词take之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，描述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为“was/were+动词过去分词”，主语为people，谓语动词用原形，故选C。
5．（2023·北京延庆·统考一模）Beijing Daxing International Airport ________ four years ago.
A．complete B．completed C．is completed D．was completed
D【详解】句意：北京大兴国际机场于四年前建成。
考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“four years ago”可知，时态是一般过去时，主语“Beijing Daxing International Airport”和动词“complete”是动宾关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态（was/were done）。故选D。
6.（2023·北京顺义·统考一模）A new school ________ in Shunyi last year.
A．builds B．built C．is built D．was built
D【详解】句意：去年顺义建了一所新学校。
考查时态和语态。根据“last year”可知，时态为一般过去时。“学校”和“建立”之间为被动关系，因此用一般过去时的被动语态。故选D。
7．（2023·北京石景山·统考一模）Luckily, Tom’s lost dog ________ on the street corner yesterday.
A．find B．found C．is found D．was found
D【详解】句意：幸运的是，汤姆走失的狗昨天在街角被发现了。
考查一般过去时的被动语态。分析句子结构可知，主语dog与动词found之间是被动关系，由yesterday可知，时态为一般过去时，因此这里是一般过去时的被动语态，结构是：was/were+动词的过去分词。故选D。
8.（2023·北京丰台·统考一模）—Wow, 2023 Friendship Forest Tree Planting Activity was a great success!
—Yes. I knew many trees ______ for a better environment.
A．plant B．were planted C．planted D．are planted
B【详解】句意：——哇，2023年友谊森林植树活动非常成功！——是的。我知道为了更好的环境种了很多树。
考查一般过去时的被动语态。knew后是宾语从句，主句是一般过去时，从句需用相应的过去时态。从句主语trees和谓语动词plant之间是动宾关系，树被种植，需用被动语态be+done。主语是复数trees，用一般过去时的被动语态were planted。故选B。
9．（2023·河北邢台·统考二模）—Let’s go to school together.
—Sorry, I can’t. I _________ to wait here.
A．was told B．tell C．am told D．told
A【详解】句意：——让我们一起去上学吧。——对不起，我不能。有人叫我在这里等。
考查一般过去时的被动语态。主语I和动词tell之间是被动关系，需用被动语态；又因为被告知的事情发生在过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。故选A。
10.（2023·江苏扬州·校联考二模）What action ________ to prevent accidents like this from now on
A．takes B．was taken C．is taken D．will be taken
D【详解】句意：从现在起，将采取什么行动来防止此类事故的发生？
考查一般将来时的被动语态。take action采取行动。选项A是第三人称单数形式；选项B是一般过去时被动语态；选项C是一般现在时被动语态；选项D是一般将来时被动语态。根据“ from now on”可知题干的时态是一般将来时，主语与谓语是动宾关系，因此用一般将来时的被动语态，其构成是will be+过去分词。take的过去分词是taken。故选D。