英语中考二轮专题学案 非谓语动词

非谓语动词
动词的基本用法是作谓语。当句中已经有了谓语动词了，要选或要填的动词就只能用非谓语形式了。
非谓语动词包括不定式（to do形式），动名词，（-ing），和分词（现在分词-ing,过去分词-ed）
不定式
不定式有两种形式：带to的不定式； 不带to的不定式，即动词原形。在句子中不能充当谓语，没有人称和数的变化；其否定形式为not to do .
Please try not to do that again.
做主语：常置于句末，而用it代替其做形式主语。
To carry the heavy box is not easy. = It is not easy to carry the heavy box.
主语 形式主语 真正主语
翻译：学好英语是很有用的！
_____ _______ ___________ well is useful.
=_____ useful _____ _______ ___________ well.
作表语：My dream is to be a little bird. 我的理想是成为一只小鸟。
主语 谓语 表语
作宾语：此种情况可按固定搭配或句式去记。不定式作宾语跟在动词后面，这类动词有：wish,like, help, forget, try, start, want, agree, hope, begin, decide.
Eg：I decide to go back home now. 我决定立刻回家。
He _________ _____ ________ some photos to his parents. 他忘了给父母带一些相片来。
不定式后面还带有补足语的时候常用it作形式宾语，把真正的宾语放在补足语后。
I found ______ difficult to get up early in the morning. 我发现早上早起很困难。
A this B it C that it’s
作宾语补足语。
The man asked his son to buy him some food.
主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语 （起补充说明的作用）
这个男子让他儿子给自己买些食物。
Would you like him to go with us 你想让他和我们一起去吗？
注意：在一感，二听，三使，四看后不带to.(用动词原形）
一感：feel I feel he is right. 我感觉他是对的。
二听：hear, listen to. I hear he sang in the next room. 我听到他在隔壁房间唱歌。
三使：let, make, have, That made me feel unhappy. 那使我不高兴了。
四看：see, watch, notice, look at.
I saw him play football on the playground an hour ago.
注意：had better, would rather后的不定式也不带to, help后的不定式可带to, 也可不带to.
You’d better ________________ first. 你最好先做作业。
Would you like to help me _________ (do) the housework
作定语：动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰名词或代词的后面。
I have something important to tell you.我有一些重要的事情要告诉你。
Do you want to have something _____ _________ 你想喝点什么吗？
作状语：表示目的、原因、结果、程度等。
I’m sorry to hear that. 听到这些我很难过。（原因）
I came here to take my bag to the hotel. 我来这里是想把我的包拿到宾馆。（目的）
He is ______ tired _____ work on. 他太累了不能继续工作。（结果）
“疑问词+不定式”的用法：不定式前可带what, who, which, where, when, how等疑问词，这种不定式短语在句子中多用做宾语或宾语补足语。这些词有：show, wonder, remember, know, tell, ask, learn
find out, understand, forget, teach, discuss等。
I don’t know what to do.= I don’t know how to do it.
He didn’t know ______ ______ ________。 他不知道该去哪里。
动词不定式作宾语的动词表
动词（短语） 短语形式 说明
ask, decide, hope, agee, choose,would like, except +to do sth 这些动词只能接动词不定式作宾语
hate, like, love, prefer, begin, start +to do sth / doing sth 这些动词只能接动词不定式或动词-ing形式时，意义差别不大。
try, forget, remember, stop, go on +to do sth / doing sth 这些动词只能接动词不定式或动词-ing形式时，意义差别很大。
help +to do sth / do sth Help后的to可以省略
need +to do sth / doing sth Need to do sth表主动Need doing sth表被动
ask, choose, decide, forget, know, learnsee, show, teach, tell, understand, find out 疑问词+to do sth 疑问词why没有词用法，不定式的逻辑主语常在句中作主语
二．动名词
动名词是由“动词原形+-ing”构成，在句中可作主语，宾语，表语和定语。
作主语。 Predicting the future can be difficult. 预测未来可能比较难。
____________ _________ is my hobby. 收集贝壳是我的爱好。
作表语。His work is cleaning the streets. 他的工作是打扫街道。
My brother’s hobby is ________________. 我弟弟的爱好是打游戏。
作宾语。常带动名词作宾语的动词有：begin，mind, suggest, finish, stop, need, enjoy, miss, keep,等.其中like, stop, forget, try, remember, go on, prefer后面可以接不定式，也可接动名词，但意思上有差别。
I enjoy _________ (swim)in the river. 我喜欢在河里游泳。
Would you mind _____________ (not close) the window 你介意别关窗户吗？
He just finished _____________ (do) his homework.
Let’s stop _____________ (have) a rest. 我们停下来休息一会儿吧。
作定语。
She is studying in the reading room. 她在阅览室学习。
My Spanish said my ____________ was good. 我的西班牙语老师说我的听力很好。
5. 动名词的几个特殊情况。
（1）有些动词后可接动名词，也可接不定式，含有不同。总体来说，表示习惯的一般性的动，
作多跟动名词，一次性的，具体的动作多跟不定式。
like to do: I like playing basketball, but now I like to play baseball with you.
like doing:
remember / forget to do. I remember to write a letter to my parents.
remember / forget doing I remember meeting him in the street,
stop to do sth Let’s stop to play a game.
stop doing sth. Stop talking, please. .
Eg: Sorry I have forgotten _______________ (return) your book. I’ll take it here tomorrow.
Would you like _______ (go) with me
I’m so hungry, let’s stop ________ (have) something to drink.
跟动名词作宾语（补足语）的常见动词及动词短语表
动词（短语） 短语形式
finish, keep, stop, go on, be busy, like, practice, enjoy, love, have a good / hard time, spend time / money (in) + doing sth
feel, hear, find, watch + sb doing sth.
三. 分词
分词分现在分词和过去分词。他们起形容词和副词的作用。现在分词-ing，有主动，进行之意，过去分词-ed，有被动，完成之意。注意他们都有不规则形式。
1. 作定语 分词与中心词之间有动宾关系。
The girl riding a red bike is ten years old. 骑红色自行车的女孩10岁了。
China is a developing country, Japan is a developed country.
中国是一个发展中国家，日本式一个发达国家
注意：判断动词-ing是动名词还是分词，可以根据他们和被修饰词有无主谓关系来判断。
一个游泳的女孩________________________（分词）,
游泳池__________________________（动名词）
作状语。
Being a student, he likes to help others. 作为学生，他喜欢帮助别人。
作状语
The film is _______ (bore). We are __________ in the _____________ movie.(interest).
作宾语补足语。 可以跟宾语补足语的动词有：feel, hear, find, watch，make, see, keep, get, set等词。
I heard. him _________ (sing) in the next room.
We found the boy ______________ (sleep)
分词的否定形式为：“not + 分词”
Not knowing what to do next, she walked around the garden.
不知道下一步干什么，他在花园里走来走去。
It is not so _____________ (amaze) for us to know he won the first prize.
非谓语动词的做题步骤
判定是否用非谓语形式。方法：看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了
2. 找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。
3、判断主被动关系。方法：非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。
4、判断时间关系。方法：分析句子，看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。之前常用 done; 之后常用to do; 同时常用doing.
练习
( ) 1. I can’t decide which books ______
A buy B buying C to buy D bought
( ) 2. It’s a good habit ________a walk every day.
A had B have C has D to have
( ) 3. Many young men enjoy ________ the pop music.
A listen B listening to C to listen to D listening.
( ) 4. Before 2013, they will finish_______ the new bridge.
A build B built C building D to build
( ) 5. Would you mind ______ the window, Linda ---Certainly not..
A open B to open C opening
( ) 6. All the has look beautiful, I don’t know________________
A how to choose B where to choose C which one to choose
( ) 7. We have worked for three hours, let’s stop ______ a rest.
A had B have C to have D having
( ) 8. I’m sorry to keep you ____________ for so long .
A wait B to wait C waiting D waited
( ) 9. We are often told _______ at people in trouble.
A not to smile B to smile C not to laugh D to laugh
( ) 10. The teacher told the students m, “don’t.forget _______ your dictionary to school tomorrow.”
A brought B bring C bringing D to bring.
They didn’t have any problems ______________ (find) the hospital.
Turn on the TV, you can see they _____________(fight)
Don’t forget __________________ (关)off the lights when you leave the classroom.
My hobby is ________ (collect) kites.
The story made me _________ (feel) very interested in Singapore.
You’d better 　　　　 (not take) the trousers away. Try them on first.
4Now all the students are very busy 　　　　(get) ready for the coming exam.
Has the doctor allowed her 　　　　 (get) out of bed
I feel like 　　　　 (give) up Maths because it’s hard to learn.
　　　　 (do) morning exercises is good for our health.
— Hi, Mr Wang, could you help me 　　　　(work) out the problem
I don’t think it easy for her 　　　　 (finish) the work in two days.
The doctor advised me 　　　　 (not eat) too much candy.
Look! There is a pet dog 　　　　 (lie) on the ground. Let’s go and play with it.
If you want to be healthy, you are supposed to give up 　　　　 (smoke)
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