Unit 10 You're supposed to shake hands语法、阅读、写作专题学案

人教版初中英语九年级下册 Unit10语法、阅读、写作专题
语法专题
一、 be supposed to do sth.与 be expected to do sth.结构
1.be supposed to do sth."应该做某事"。它用来表示根据规定或传统习惯，人们不得不做的事或期待发生的事。其时态、人称和句式的变化体现在be动词上。to为不定式符号，后接动词原形。
(1)be supposed to do sth.的句式结构
①肯定句：主语+be supposed to do sth.
例：You were supposed to arrive at 6:00,but you arrived at 7:00.
你应该在6点到，可你7点才到。
②否定句：主语+be+not supposed to do sth.
例：You're not supposed to come to school late.你不应该上学迟到。
一般疑问句：Be+主语+ supposed to do sth.
例：Are you supposed to finish homework first 你应该首先完成家庭作业吗？
④特殊疑问句：疑问词+be+主语supposed to do sth.
例：What are you supposed to do in class 在课堂上你应该做什么？
小贴士
当疑问词为who时，句式应为：Who+be supposed to do sth.
例：Who is supposed to give the report today 今天该谁做报告？
(2)be supposed to do sth.的用法
①当 be supposed to do sth.的主语是“人”时，意为“应该做某事；被期望做某事”，可用来表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等，相当于should/ought to do sth.。例：You're supposed to/should/ought to put up your hand,if you have some questions in class.如果你在课堂上有什么问题，你应该举手。
②当 be supposed to do sth.的主语是“物”时，意为“本该做某事”，用于表示某事本应该发生而实际并没有发生。
例：The train was supposed to come an hour ago.火车本应在一个小时前到。
2.be expected to do sth.“被期待做某事；应该做某事”。它比 be supposed to do sth. 的主观性更强。
例：Parents can't be expected to watch their children 24 hours a day.
父母不可能一天24小时照看孩子们。
二、It +be + adj.+ to do sth.句型
在“It + be+ adj.+ to do sth.”结构中，it是形式主语，而真正的主语是动词不定式（短语）。
例：It is important to study English well.学好英语是非常重要的。
这种结构还包含两种常考的复合结构：
(1)在“It + be+ adj.+ of sb.to do sth."结构中，形容词是描述人的性格、品质的词。
例：It is very kind of you to help me last night.你昨晚帮我真是太好了。
(2)在“It+ be+ adj.+ for sb.to do sth."结构中，形容词是描述事物特征的词。例：It is hard for me to finish this task.完成这项任务对我来说很难。
语法专练
单项选择
1. She is late for class again and she is supposed to_ sorry to the teacher.
A. saying B. says C. said D. say
2.-May we leave the classroom now
-No, you_______
A. must; are allowed B. can't; aren't supposed
C. needn't; aren't supposed D. couldn't; aren't allowed
3. Students are to talk loudly in the reading room.
A. toldB. supposed C. not supposed D. allowed
4.(湖南长沙中考）It's necessary for us to our parents when we have problems.
A.to talk B. talking C .talk
5.(江苏连云港中考）It is great us to get so many favourite books on International Children's Book Day.
A.toB. with C. of D. for
阅读专题
推理判断法
——阅读理解解题技巧（二）
推理判断题属于深层阅读理解题。这种题目有一定难度，它要求我们尽量考虑文中全部信息或事实，在通篇理解文章的基础上，严格按照作者提供的信息，推断出作者的意图、态度等文外之意，即抓住作者的言外之意。这种题型常见的设题方式有：
(1) From the text, it can be inferred that
(2) The passage suggests that
(3) Which of the following best describes...
(4) The writer's attitude towards... is.
(5) From the text, we can learn that.
例：Long long ago, there was a girl called Nuwa. Her father was Emperor Yan and he loved her very much. They often played together.
One day, she had a wonderful time when she swam in the sea. She was too tired to swim and she was drowned (淹死）. Because she wanted to see her
father when she changed into a bird, she put some stones into the sea day after day and changed the sea into the land. She made a wish, and she would like to play with her father again. This story was a little sad. It tells something important. When we do anything, we have to work hard. Learning English is difficult but if you study hard, you can learn it well. What can we learn from this passage
A. We should change into a bird.
B. The girl loved her father very much.
C. Don't swim in the sea.
D. Learning English is easy.
解析：文章主要讲述了父女情深的故事。女主人公淹死后化作小鸟，为了能见到父亲，她叼来一块块的石子填海，凭借着持之以恒的努力，最终将海化为陆地。故事折射出女主人公对父亲深深的爱以及持之以恒才能成功的道理。故选B。
写作专题
写作话题
本单元以“礼仪、习俗”为话题，通过学习不同国家的风俗习惯，了解各国的风俗及文化差异，描述自己或他人在不同场合应该做什么，不应该做什么。此话题涉及的内容比较广泛，如餐桌礼仪、各种寒喧的方式、传统习俗、生活方式等。
写作技巧
本单元的写作是围绕社交礼仪进行的，涉及的内容很广泛。在写作之前可以先按下列内容做好准备。
(1)确定具体话题，把相关的内容想清楚；
(2)运用哪些句型来表达；
(3)按什么样的顺序写，即先写什么，再写什么，最后写什么；
(4)写好开头、结尾，使短文具有较强的逻辑性。
(5)常用句型：
You are supposed to do...
You should...
You are not supposed to do...
You can/can't...
写作应用
假如你是李华，你的英国笔友Mike发来一封电子邮件，向你询问中国的餐桌礼仪。请你按下列要点提示，给他回一封电子邮件，告诉他有关中国餐桌礼仪的情况。
要点提示：
(1)让客人和长辈先吃每一道菜；
(2)不要用筷子敲碗；
(3)不要将手伸到对面夹菜；
(4)等大家都到齐了，才开始吃饭；
(5)感谢主人款待并为主人的长寿、健康、成功祝福。
要求：
(1)80~100词；
(2)不要逐字翻译，可适当发挥。
写作模板
开头——开门见山，写明回信的目的
I am very glad to receive your e-mail. Now let me tell you...
中间——介绍中国的餐桌礼仪
In China, ... You can't... You are not supposed to...
Besides,...
结尾——表达自己的意愿
I hope to ...
优秀范文
Dear Mike,
I am very glad to receive your e-mail. Now let me tell you something about the Chinese table manners.
In China, the host or hostess doesn't eat every dish first until the guests and elders begin. You can't hit bowls with the chopsticks. You are not supposed to reach across the table to get something to eat. You can't eat until everyone is at the table. Besides, you should thank the hosts for the dinner and toast the longevity, health and success of the host and the hostess.
I hope to meet you soon.
Yours,
Li Hua
名师点评
①用 let sb.do sth.结构引入文章主题—介绍中国的餐桌礼仪。
②用not...until结构表明主人对客人和长者的尊重。
③用 be not supposed to结构说明不要将手伸到对面夹菜。
④用 hope to do结构表明自己希望见到笔友。
语法专练参考答案与解析
1.D be supposed to do sth.应该做某事。句意：她上课又迟到了，她应该向老师道歉。
2.B对may引导的一般疑问句的否定回答常用can't;be not supposed to do sth.不应该做某事。
3.C be not supposed to do sth.不应该做某事。句意：学生们不应该在阅览室大声说话。
4.A It +be +adj.+ for sb.to do sth.是固定句式，意为“对于某人来说做某事是……的”，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式（短语）故选A。
5.D It +be +adj.+for/of sb.to do sth.为固定句式，故排除A、B两项；在这一固定句式中，若形容词是说明人的性格、品质，则用介词of,若是说明事物的特征、特点，则用介词for;题干中great是说明事物的，故介词用for,选D。